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Asylum-seeking immigrants who pass through a third country en route to the U.S. must first apply for refugee status in that country rather than at the U.S. border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restriction will likely face court challenges, opening a new front in the battle over U.S. immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-15246.pdf\">interim final rule\u003c/a> will take effect immediately after it is published in the Federal Register on Tuesday, according to the departments of Justice and Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"asylum-seekers\"]The new policy applies specifically to the U.S.-Mexico border, saying that \"an alien who enters or attempts to enter the United States across the southern border after failing to apply for protection in a third country outside the alien's country of citizenship, nationality, or last lawful habitual residence through which the alien transited en route to the United States is ineligible for asylum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Until Congress can act, this interim rule will help reduce a major 'pull' factor driving irregular migration to the United States,\" Homeland Security acting Secretary Kevin K. McAleenan said in a statement about the new rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy shift would likely bring new pressures and official burdens on Mexico and Guatemala, countries through which migrants and refugees often pass on their way to the U.S. On Sunday, Guatemala's government \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GuatemalaGob/status/1150425042163044353\">pulled out of a meeting\u003c/a> between President Jimmy Morales and Trump that had been scheduled for Monday, citing ongoing legal questions over whether the country could be deemed a \"safe third country\" for migrants who want to reach the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule would set \"a new bar to eligibility\" for anyone seeking asylum in the U.S., according to a DHS news release. It also allows exceptions in three limited cases:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"1) an alien who demonstrates that he or she applied for protection from persecution or torture in at least one of the countries through which the alien transited en route to the United States, and the alien received a final judgment denying the alien protection in such country;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(2) an alien who demonstrates that he or she satisfies the definition of 'victim of a severe form of trafficking in persons' provided in 8 C.F.R. § 214.11; or,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"(3) an alien who has transited en route to the United States through only a country or countries that were not parties to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, the 1967 Protocol, or the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The DHS release describes asylum as \" a discretionary benefit offered by the United States Government to those fleeing persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union said it planned to file a lawsuit to try to stop the rule from taking effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This new rule is patently unlawful and we will sue swiftly,\" Lee Gelernt, deputy director of the ACLU's national Immigrants' Rights Project, said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/aclu-comment-new-trump-asylum-restrictions\">a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelernt accused the Trump administration of \"trying to unilaterally reverse our country's legal and moral commitment to protect those fleeing danger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The departments of Justice and Homeland Security are publishing the 58-page asylum rule as the Trump administration faces criticism over \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/24/735552011/migrant-children-moved-from-border-patrol-center-after-outcry\">conditions at migrant detention centers\u003c/a> at the southern border, as well as its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/10/740159720/under-trump-policy-migrants-seeking-asylum-must-wait-in-mexico\">\"remain in Mexico\" policy\u003c/a> that requires asylum-seekers who are waiting for a U.S. court date to do so in Mexico rather than in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement about the new rule, U.S. Attorney General William Barr said that current U.S. asylum rules have been abused, and that the large number of people trying to enter the country has put a strain on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barr said the number of cases referred to the Department of Justice for proceedings before an immigration judge \"has risen exponentially, more than tripling between 2013 and 2018.\" The attorney general added, \"Only a small minority of these individuals, however, are ultimately granted asylum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Curious how much the ground shifted after the two large earthquakes last week in Southern California? NASA has just the map for that question — and it happens to look like beautiful, psychedelic art. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 4, a 6.4 magnitude quake hit the town of Ridgecrest, north of Los Angeles. The next evening, the area was jolted again by a 7.1 magnitude earthquake. Luckily, there were no serious injuries or major infrastructure damage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Earthquakes in California\" tag=\"earthquakes\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map was created by the Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It shows rippling rainbows forming a circular pattern around the faults of the two quakes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each rainbow stripes means that the ground has been displaced there by some 4.8 inches. It’s the same logic as a topographic map, where lines that are closer together indicate steeper slopes. In this case, the closer together the rainbow stripes are, the more the ground was displaced by the temblor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Fielding, a geophysicist at JPL, says the parts of the map along the fault where the colors appear jumbled suggest even more dramatic movement of the ground. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explains how they mapped the changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve taken a radar image of before the earthquake and another image after the earthquake,” Fielding tells NPR. They then compared each point’s change between the two images. “That allows us to measure the amounts that the ground moved either towards or away from the satellite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists used data collected by radar from the Japanese satellite ALOS-2. Fielding says the radar can detect movement as small as half an inch. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA23351\">another map produced by NASA\u003c/a> that shows the same information in a different way:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11761034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/jpl_custom-9a0eb3cc8767938f707babf0cba8468f1949ab43-s1600-c85-800x894.jpg\" alt=\"This map created by NASA shows how much the ground moved during a series of earthquakes in Southern California's Ridgecrest area.\" width=\"800\" height=\"894\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11761034\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map created by NASA shows how much the ground moved during a series of earthquakes in Southern California’s Ridgecrest area.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In this one, the difference in color makes it easier to see that the earth’s surface moved in different directions along the fault. “We can see clearly the two sides of the fault moved in opposite directions,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long line of green circles on the map running from the northwest to the southeast is the fault that ruptured during the larger earthquake on July 5. Fields says the fault rupture measures some 30 miles long. The line of green circles cutting into that fault almost at a right angle is the rupture from the smaller earthquake on July 4. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The 6.4 did a fault that goes almost exactly perpendicular to the 7.1,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blue area west of the largest fault moved by as much as 2.7 feet northwest during the biggest quake, while the red area moved by as much as 2 feet southeast, according to NASA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Rippling+Rainbow+Map+Shows+How+California+Earthquakes+Moved+The+Earth&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Curious how much the ground shifted after the two large earthquakes last week in Southern California? NASA has just the map for that question — and it happens to look like beautiful, psychedelic art. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 4, a 6.4 magnitude quake hit the town of Ridgecrest, north of Los Angeles. The next evening, the area was jolted again by a 7.1 magnitude earthquake. Luckily, there were no serious injuries or major infrastructure damage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map was created by the Advanced Rapid Imaging and Analysis team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. It shows rippling rainbows forming a circular pattern around the faults of the two quakes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each rainbow stripes means that the ground has been displaced there by some 4.8 inches. It’s the same logic as a topographic map, where lines that are closer together indicate steeper slopes. In this case, the closer together the rainbow stripes are, the more the ground was displaced by the temblor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Fielding, a geophysicist at JPL, says the parts of the map along the fault where the colors appear jumbled suggest even more dramatic movement of the ground. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explains how they mapped the changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve taken a radar image of before the earthquake and another image after the earthquake,” Fielding tells NPR. They then compared each point’s change between the two images. “That allows us to measure the amounts that the ground moved either towards or away from the satellite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists used data collected by radar from the Japanese satellite ALOS-2. Fielding says the radar can detect movement as small as half an inch. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s \u003ca href=\"https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA23351\">another map produced by NASA\u003c/a> that shows the same information in a different way:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11761034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/jpl_custom-9a0eb3cc8767938f707babf0cba8468f1949ab43-s1600-c85-800x894.jpg\" alt=\"This map created by NASA shows how much the ground moved during a series of earthquakes in Southern California's Ridgecrest area.\" width=\"800\" height=\"894\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11761034\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This map created by NASA shows how much the ground moved during a series of earthquakes in Southern California’s Ridgecrest area.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In this one, the difference in color makes it easier to see that the earth’s surface moved in different directions along the fault. “We can see clearly the two sides of the fault moved in opposite directions,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long line of green circles on the map running from the northwest to the southeast is the fault that ruptured during the larger earthquake on July 5. Fields says the fault rupture measures some 30 miles long. The line of green circles cutting into that fault almost at a right angle is the rupture from the smaller earthquake on July 4. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The 6.4 did a fault that goes almost exactly perpendicular to the 7.1,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blue area west of the largest fault moved by as much as 2.7 feet northwest during the biggest quake, while the red area moved by as much as 2 feet southeast, according to NASA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Rippling+Rainbow+Map+Shows+How+California+Earthquakes+Moved+The+Earth&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:10 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A House panel heard at times emotional testimony about conditions at facilities run by the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing of the House oversight committee grew heated as Democrats and Republicans on the panel argued over who bore responsibility for the overcrowded and unsanitary conditions at detention centers on the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican lawmakers who represent border districts and Democratic lawmakers who have recently traveled to the border each testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration-detention' label='Crisis at the border']Rep. Debbie Lesko, R-Ariz., disputed charges that some of those being held at a Border Patrol facility in Texas were forced to drink water from toilets. “Please, American public,” Lesko said, “there is no one asking people to drink out of toilets.” She referred to a video from the Arizona Border Patrol showing an agent touring a facility and drinking water from a sink above a toilet unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., who made that accusation in a news conference after visiting a Texas CBP facility earlier this month, stood by her claim. After taking the unusual step of asking to be sworn in before testifying — something not required of the lawmakers — Ocasio-Cortez said when some of the women being held at the facility said they were told to drink from a toilet because the sink was broken, “I believe these women.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesko And Ocasio-Cortez: Dueling Testimony On Facility Condition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=739530731&mediaId=741159400\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n Ocasio-Cortez said there were American flags hanging at all of these facilities. “That children being separated from their parents in front of an American flag, that women were being called these names under an American flag,” she said. “We cannot allow for this.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel also heard testimony from the Department of Homeland Security’s acting inspector general, Jennifer Costello, whose office found “serious overcrowding and prolonged detention in Border Patrol facilities requiring immediate attention.” The findings are detailed in a report released earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee released its own report on Friday, charging the Trump administration’s child separation policy is “more harmful, traumatic, and chaotic than previously known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Director of Columbia Law School’s Immigrants’ Rights Clinic Elora Mukherjee spoke about the dozens of detained children whom she and her colleagues interviewed in June at the Clint Border Patrol facility in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was and I remain shaken to my core by what I witnessed at Clint,” said Mukherjee, who has been working with detained families and children on the southern border for 12 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mukherjee: ‘What I Heard, What I Saw And What I Smelled’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=739530731&mediaId=741206570\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n Former Immigration and Customs Enforcement acting Director Thomas Homan told the panel, “The biggest problem involves the unwillingness of Congress to address the loopholes that are causing this crisis.” He said calls for action have been met by deaf ears. “It’s about [an] open borders agenda, resisting our president — more interest in that than securing our border,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Gerry Connolly, D-Va., said, “There is no excuse for how we are treating children. Is there no limit to what you will justify in this administration when it comes to the mistreatment of our fellow human beings?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Frustrated’: Former ICE Acting Director Thomas Homan\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=739530731&mediaId=741233176\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n When Homan tried to respond to Connolly, the two shouted over each other. Homan said later, “This is political theater at its best.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Vice President Pence traveled to McAllen, Texas, where he visited a CBP holding station. According to a pool report, he told reporters he “couldn’t be more proud of the CBP agents at the facility, and that every American would be proud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every family I spoke to said they were being well cared for,” he said, decrying the “harsh rhetoric” of Democrats. Pence said the overcrowding demonstrates why immigration laws needed to be changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Rep. Debbie Lesko, R-Ariz., disputed charges that some of those being held at a Border Patrol facility in Texas were forced to drink water from toilets. “Please, American public,” Lesko said, “there is no one asking people to drink out of toilets.” She referred to a video from the Arizona Border Patrol showing an agent touring a facility and drinking water from a sink above a toilet unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., who made that accusation in a news conference after visiting a Texas CBP facility earlier this month, stood by her claim. After taking the unusual step of asking to be sworn in before testifying — something not required of the lawmakers — Ocasio-Cortez said when some of the women being held at the facility said they were told to drink from a toilet because the sink was broken, “I believe these women.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesko And Ocasio-Cortez: Dueling Testimony On Facility Condition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=739530731&mediaId=741159400\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n Ocasio-Cortez said there were American flags hanging at all of these facilities. “That children being separated from their parents in front of an American flag, that women were being called these names under an American flag,” she said. “We cannot allow for this.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel also heard testimony from the Department of Homeland Security’s acting inspector general, Jennifer Costello, whose office found “serious overcrowding and prolonged detention in Border Patrol facilities requiring immediate attention.” The findings are detailed in a report released earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee released its own report on Friday, charging the Trump administration’s child separation policy is “more harmful, traumatic, and chaotic than previously known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Director of Columbia Law School’s Immigrants’ Rights Clinic Elora Mukherjee spoke about the dozens of detained children whom she and her colleagues interviewed in June at the Clint Border Patrol facility in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was and I remain shaken to my core by what I witnessed at Clint,” said Mukherjee, who has been working with detained families and children on the southern border for 12 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mukherjee: ‘What I Heard, What I Saw And What I Smelled’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=739530731&mediaId=741206570\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n Former Immigration and Customs Enforcement acting Director Thomas Homan told the panel, “The biggest problem involves the unwillingness of Congress to address the loopholes that are causing this crisis.” He said calls for action have been met by deaf ears. “It’s about [an] open borders agenda, resisting our president — more interest in that than securing our border,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Gerry Connolly, D-Va., said, “There is no excuse for how we are treating children. Is there no limit to what you will justify in this administration when it comes to the mistreatment of our fellow human beings?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Frustrated’: Former ICE Acting Director Thomas Homan\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=739530731&mediaId=741233176\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n When Homan tried to respond to Connolly, the two shouted over each other. Homan said later, “This is political theater at its best.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Vice President Pence traveled to McAllen, Texas, where he visited a CBP holding station. According to a pool report, he told reporters he “couldn’t be more proud of the CBP agents at the facility, and that every American would be proud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every family I spoke to said they were being well cared for,” he said, decrying the “harsh rhetoric” of Democrats. Pence said the overcrowding demonstrates why immigration laws needed to be changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Instagram to Flag Hateful Comments Before You Send Them",
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"content": "\u003cp>Instagram is rolling out a feature that will urge users to think twice before posting hateful comments, in an effort to minimize cyberbullying on the massive social media platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new feature uses artificial intelligence to screen content and notify users if their post may be harmful or offensive. Users will see a message: \"Are you sure you want to post this?\" They will then have the option to remove or change the comment before anyone else is able to see it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Hate Speech Online\" tag=\"hate-speech\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early tests of this feature found that some users are less likely to post harmful comments once they've had a chance to reflect on their post, Instagram chief Adam Mosseri wrote \u003ca href=\"https://instagram-press.com/blog/2019/07/08/our-commitment-to-lead-the-fight-against-online-bullying/\">in a blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gmail has a similar feature that gives users 30 seconds to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/24/417117823/gmail-now-features-a-way-to-ease-senders-remorse\">cancel an email\u003c/a> after pressing send.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other social media platforms have made attempts to monitor the type of content allowed on their platforms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter has started to flag hateful or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/27/736668003/twitter-adds-warning-label-for-offensive-political-tweets\">offensive tweets from politicians\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11759935/twitter-bans-dehumanizing-speech-toward-religious-groups-but-not-racial-groups-yet\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">on Tuesday announced\u003c/a> it will now prohibit hate speech targeting religious groups by using dehumanizing language, a ban it says may extend to other categories like race and gender. Facebook has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/03/719897599/facebook-bans-alex-jones-louis-farrakhan-and-other-dangerous-individuals\">banned some white supremacists\u003c/a> and other accounts for hateful or offensive posts. But there is no hard-and-fast rule for what these platforms are expected to restrict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monitoring harmful content on social media is challenging. Justin Patchin, co-director of the Cyberbullying Research Center, says he works with different platforms that are trying to find a solution to this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With massive amounts of content being created every second, Instagram is just one of the companies attempting to use AI to monitor posts. Both Facebook and Twitter have tried to use the technology in the past. But AI monitoring comes with challenges, and the algorithms often have a hard time interpreting slang and the nuances in different languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram's latest feature is different from previous attempts by big social platforms to prevent cyberbullying because it uses AI to warn users but ultimately allows them to make the decision on what to post. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The transparency here is helpful to those who have wondered why these big social media companies aren't doing more technologically to address bullying,\" Patchin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram is the first big platform to try this method of preventing hateful content from circulating in its app. However, it's a similar concept to the app created by Trisha Prabhu in 2013. The then 13-year-old created a social platform called \u003ca href=\"http://www.rethinkwords.com/whatisrethink\">ReThink\u003c/a>, which also alerts users when their message may be offensive. ReThink was\u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/15-year-olds-rethink-app-aims-prevent-cyberbullying/story?id=33329748\"> praised for its innovation\u003c/a>, but Patchin says solutions need to be incorporated into already widely trafficked platforms to be the most effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patchin says these big social companies are moving in the right direction and are getting closer to finding a method for monitoring harmful content and cyberbullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Companies have devoted a lot of energy to refining these systems, and they're getting better every year,\" he said. \"They do have a responsibility and obligation to lead the way and at least experiment with these kinds of technologies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram has plans to continue beefing up its safety features and will soon introduce a \"restrict\" feature, which allows users to filter content from specific accounts without blocking them. Instagram's Mosseri wrote in the blog post that the company decided to add that feature after users said they were worried that blocking accounts that were posting offensive comments on their page would lead to retaliation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Instagram+To+Flag+Hateful+Comments+Before+You+Send+Them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early tests of this feature found that some users are less likely to post harmful comments once they've had a chance to reflect on their post, Instagram chief Adam Mosseri wrote \u003ca href=\"https://instagram-press.com/blog/2019/07/08/our-commitment-to-lead-the-fight-against-online-bullying/\">in a blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gmail has a similar feature that gives users 30 seconds to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/24/417117823/gmail-now-features-a-way-to-ease-senders-remorse\">cancel an email\u003c/a> after pressing send.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other social media platforms have made attempts to monitor the type of content allowed on their platforms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter has started to flag hateful or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/27/736668003/twitter-adds-warning-label-for-offensive-political-tweets\">offensive tweets from politicians\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11759935/twitter-bans-dehumanizing-speech-toward-religious-groups-but-not-racial-groups-yet\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">on Tuesday announced\u003c/a> it will now prohibit hate speech targeting religious groups by using dehumanizing language, a ban it says may extend to other categories like race and gender. Facebook has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/03/719897599/facebook-bans-alex-jones-louis-farrakhan-and-other-dangerous-individuals\">banned some white supremacists\u003c/a> and other accounts for hateful or offensive posts. But there is no hard-and-fast rule for what these platforms are expected to restrict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monitoring harmful content on social media is challenging. Justin Patchin, co-director of the Cyberbullying Research Center, says he works with different platforms that are trying to find a solution to this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With massive amounts of content being created every second, Instagram is just one of the companies attempting to use AI to monitor posts. Both Facebook and Twitter have tried to use the technology in the past. But AI monitoring comes with challenges, and the algorithms often have a hard time interpreting slang and the nuances in different languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram's latest feature is different from previous attempts by big social platforms to prevent cyberbullying because it uses AI to warn users but ultimately allows them to make the decision on what to post. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The transparency here is helpful to those who have wondered why these big social media companies aren't doing more technologically to address bullying,\" Patchin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram is the first big platform to try this method of preventing hateful content from circulating in its app. However, it's a similar concept to the app created by Trisha Prabhu in 2013. The then 13-year-old created a social platform called \u003ca href=\"http://www.rethinkwords.com/whatisrethink\">ReThink\u003c/a>, which also alerts users when their message may be offensive. ReThink was\u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/15-year-olds-rethink-app-aims-prevent-cyberbullying/story?id=33329748\"> praised for its innovation\u003c/a>, but Patchin says solutions need to be incorporated into already widely trafficked platforms to be the most effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patchin says these big social companies are moving in the right direction and are getting closer to finding a method for monitoring harmful content and cyberbullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Companies have devoted a lot of energy to refining these systems, and they're getting better every year,\" he said. \"They do have a responsibility and obligation to lead the way and at least experiment with these kinds of technologies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram has plans to continue beefing up its safety features and will soon introduce a \"restrict\" feature, which allows users to filter content from specific accounts without blocking them. Instagram's Mosseri wrote in the blog post that the company decided to add that feature after users said they were worried that blocking accounts that were posting offensive comments on their page would lead to retaliation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Instagram+To+Flag+Hateful+Comments+Before+You+Send+Them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In L.A., Iranian American Small Businesses Struggle Under Rising Tensions",
"title": "In L.A., Iranian American Small Businesses Struggle Under Rising Tensions",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>On one side of Farhad Besharati's elegant living room is an inviting sitting area. There's food on the coffee table, surrounded by ornate couches and a fully mirrored wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the room is Besharati's newly implemented home office. What was once a dining room table now holds a Mac computer, pens and a printer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Farhad Besharati, Iranian American business owner']'Twenty years I was in that office. Now I work from home. I used to have seven or eight employees, and no one now.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the location of ATT Vacation, a travel agency catering to Iranian Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until a few months ago, Besharati hosted clients in his office in Persian Square, a strip in the Tehrangeles neighborhood of Los Angeles that has many Iranian American-owned businesses. But after President Trump enacted the travel ban in 2017, barring visas for citizens of five Muslim-majority countries, including Iran, and amid recent threats of a strike against Iran from the White House, he says he has seen a steep drop-off in business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty years I was in that office. Now I work from home,\" Besharati says. \"I used to have seven or eight employees, and no one now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/travelagent1-5873225a838d3e2e8eaf804a22a1802ebca0057a-e1562355277965.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11759231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/travelagent1-5873225a838d3e2e8eaf804a22a1802ebca0057a-e1562355277965.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Los Angeles neighborhood of Tehrangeles (a portmanteau of Tehran, Iran's capital, and Los Angeles), business owners like Besharati say they are suffering the effects of the travel ban, sanctions and increasing White House threats of war against Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/ooh/sales/travel-agents.htm#tab-1\">business of travel agents is declining \u003c/a>as people book trips online, Besharati says, in his case it's not about the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The problem is political. My niche market is Iran,\" Besharati says. \"I still have my loyal customers that are older than 50 years old, but they don't feel going to Iran is safe now. That's why they're not going.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759247\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11759247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In April, Besharati's travel agency moved out of its office in the Tehrangeles neighborhood of Los Angeles after being there for some 20 years. \u003ccite>(Claire Heddles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Iran had a 7% drop in international tourist arrivals between 2015 to 2017, \u003ca href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL?end=2017&locations=IR&start=2015\">according to data from the World Bank\u003c/a>. When Trump signed the executive order in January 2017, Besharati says, he spent $200,000 on refunds for customers who had booked trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Besharati's clients are U.S. citizens, permanent residents or green card holders who go to Iran to visit family. He says that after Trump's executive order enacting the travel ban, they were concerned about getting back into the U.S. if they travel to Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says the ban is needed for national security, arguing that countries have not cooperated with the U.S. in vetting travelers. But critics say the ban \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/01/31/512592783/trump-advisers-have-made-anti-muslim-comments-in-the-past\">stems from anti-Muslim views\u003c/a> and unfairly targets people from Muslim-majority countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent weeks, as threats of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/20/734278683/iran-shoots-down-u-s-spy-drone-it-says-was-in-its-airspace\">war with Iran filled the headlines\u003c/a>, Besharati says, nine more clients asked for refunds on their tickets to Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are afraid,\" Besharati says. \"They think maybe the next day they will start war.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Jafari, 51, was one of Besharati's longtime clients. He went to the travel agency in Persian Square to book his parents' annual trip to Iran to visit relatives. But months after Trump issued the ban in 2017, he canceled their trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='forum_2010101871805,news_11756413,forum_2010101871700' label='More on US-Iran Tensions']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I decided it wasn't safe. It seemed like things were changing day by day.\" Jafari says. \"I didn't want them to go, and then have things change around, and they couldn't come back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-proclamation-enhancing-vetting-capabilities-processes-detecting-attempted-entry-united-states-terrorists-public-safety-threats/\">newest version of the executive order\u003c/a>, upheld by the Supreme Court in June 2018, makes an exemption for dual nationals, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/03/513306413/state-department-says-fewer-than-60-000-visas-revoked-under-travel-order\">widespread news of travelers detained in airports\u003c/a> led Jafari to cancel his parents' trip. They haven't visited Iran since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty percent of the almost half a million Iranians in the U.S. live in Southern California like Jafari, according to the Census Bureau. He says he visits Persian Square not just to book trips to Iran for his parents but also for the food. Surrounding the now-shuttered travel agency are Persian bookstores, restaurants, cafes and specialty stores. And Besharati's travel agency wasn't the only store on the block affected in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Helmi owns a Persian rug store in the area. He sponsored the initiative to name this strip of Tehrangeles Persian Square. He, too, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/25/735638010/trump-hits-iran-with-new-sanctions-how-will-they-impact-iranians?preview=\">felt the effect of rising tensions\u003c/a> between the U.S. and Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759248\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11759248\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Helmi's rugs range from $1,000 up to $500,000, but his inventory is shrinking and he's unable to refill it because of the sanctions against Iran \u003ccite>(Claire Heddles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His store, Damoka, stands out on Westwood Boulevard. It has giant windows that read \"Retirement Sale\" in front of an impressive display of intricately made rugs. His family has been in the carpet business for three generations. Classical music plays throughout the store as Helmi tells the stories of the centuries-old rugs on the walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the store's height, Helmi had a small factory in Iran where craftsmen would spend years on a single rug made by hand-tying thousands of tiny knots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He closed his workshop amid economic sanctions and rising inflation. The exchange rate for the Iranian currency, the rial, is 42,000 to the dollar compared with just 8,000 a decade ago, according to the Treasury Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn't import anymore,\" Helmi says. \"So I told the workers I cannot support them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his store has been affected by economic battle with Iran for almost a decade. A 2010 embargo prevented him from importing carpets. When it was lifted in 2015, he could finally restock his store. But Trump's withdrawal just a few years later, as well as the ensuing sanctions, put him back in the same position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For high-end rugs, Helmi's business is still thriving from his extensive antique collection. But he plans to retire soon, both because his children aren't interested in carrying on the business and because he's unable to restock his inventory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's so many things like the travel ban. I don't know how it's going to end up,\" Helmi says. \"Every day it's getting worse and worse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Iranian+American+Small+Businesses+Struggle+Under+Rising+Tensions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In Los Angeles, business owners in the Tehrangeles neighborhood feel the effects of the travel ban, sanctions and increasing White House threats of war against Iran.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On one side of Farhad Besharati's elegant living room is an inviting sitting area. There's food on the coffee table, surrounded by ornate couches and a fully mirrored wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the room is Besharati's newly implemented home office. What was once a dining room table now holds a Mac computer, pens and a printer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the location of ATT Vacation, a travel agency catering to Iranian Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until a few months ago, Besharati hosted clients in his office in Persian Square, a strip in the Tehrangeles neighborhood of Los Angeles that has many Iranian American-owned businesses. But after President Trump enacted the travel ban in 2017, barring visas for citizens of five Muslim-majority countries, including Iran, and amid recent threats of a strike against Iran from the White House, he says he has seen a steep drop-off in business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty years I was in that office. Now I work from home,\" Besharati says. \"I used to have seven or eight employees, and no one now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/travelagent1-5873225a838d3e2e8eaf804a22a1802ebca0057a-e1562355277965.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11759231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/travelagent1-5873225a838d3e2e8eaf804a22a1802ebca0057a-e1562355277965.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Los Angeles neighborhood of Tehrangeles (a portmanteau of Tehran, Iran's capital, and Los Angeles), business owners like Besharati say they are suffering the effects of the travel ban, sanctions and increasing White House threats of war against Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/ooh/sales/travel-agents.htm#tab-1\">business of travel agents is declining \u003c/a>as people book trips online, Besharati says, in his case it's not about the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The problem is political. My niche market is Iran,\" Besharati says. \"I still have my loyal customers that are older than 50 years old, but they don't feel going to Iran is safe now. That's why they're not going.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759247\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11759247\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/attvacation-8add11106ff29e0799b62e45f828ce3ef5b46f3a-s800-c85-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In April, Besharati's travel agency moved out of its office in the Tehrangeles neighborhood of Los Angeles after being there for some 20 years. \u003ccite>(Claire Heddles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Iran had a 7% drop in international tourist arrivals between 2015 to 2017, \u003ca href=\"https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.ARVL?end=2017&locations=IR&start=2015\">according to data from the World Bank\u003c/a>. When Trump signed the executive order in January 2017, Besharati says, he spent $200,000 on refunds for customers who had booked trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Besharati's clients are U.S. citizens, permanent residents or green card holders who go to Iran to visit family. He says that after Trump's executive order enacting the travel ban, they were concerned about getting back into the U.S. if they travel to Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says the ban is needed for national security, arguing that countries have not cooperated with the U.S. in vetting travelers. But critics say the ban \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/01/31/512592783/trump-advisers-have-made-anti-muslim-comments-in-the-past\">stems from anti-Muslim views\u003c/a> and unfairly targets people from Muslim-majority countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent weeks, as threats of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/20/734278683/iran-shoots-down-u-s-spy-drone-it-says-was-in-its-airspace\">war with Iran filled the headlines\u003c/a>, Besharati says, nine more clients asked for refunds on their tickets to Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are afraid,\" Besharati says. \"They think maybe the next day they will start war.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Jafari, 51, was one of Besharati's longtime clients. He went to the travel agency in Persian Square to book his parents' annual trip to Iran to visit relatives. But months after Trump issued the ban in 2017, he canceled their trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I decided it wasn't safe. It seemed like things were changing day by day.\" Jafari says. \"I didn't want them to go, and then have things change around, and they couldn't come back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-proclamation-enhancing-vetting-capabilities-processes-detecting-attempted-entry-united-states-terrorists-public-safety-threats/\">newest version of the executive order\u003c/a>, upheld by the Supreme Court in June 2018, makes an exemption for dual nationals, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/03/513306413/state-department-says-fewer-than-60-000-visas-revoked-under-travel-order\">widespread news of travelers detained in airports\u003c/a> led Jafari to cancel his parents' trip. They haven't visited Iran since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty percent of the almost half a million Iranians in the U.S. live in Southern California like Jafari, according to the Census Bureau. He says he visits Persian Square not just to book trips to Iran for his parents but also for the food. Surrounding the now-shuttered travel agency are Persian bookstores, restaurants, cafes and specialty stores. And Besharati's travel agency wasn't the only store on the block affected in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Helmi owns a Persian rug store in the area. He sponsored the initiative to name this strip of Tehrangeles Persian Square. He, too, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/25/735638010/trump-hits-iran-with-new-sanctions-how-will-they-impact-iranians?preview=\">felt the effect of rising tensions\u003c/a> between the U.S. and Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759248\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11759248\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/rugs-5831cb81acce8de97411ee899232e10ee33d4aa6-s1200-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Helmi's rugs range from $1,000 up to $500,000, but his inventory is shrinking and he's unable to refill it because of the sanctions against Iran \u003ccite>(Claire Heddles/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His store, Damoka, stands out on Westwood Boulevard. It has giant windows that read \"Retirement Sale\" in front of an impressive display of intricately made rugs. His family has been in the carpet business for three generations. Classical music plays throughout the store as Helmi tells the stories of the centuries-old rugs on the walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the store's height, Helmi had a small factory in Iran where craftsmen would spend years on a single rug made by hand-tying thousands of tiny knots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He closed his workshop amid economic sanctions and rising inflation. The exchange rate for the Iranian currency, the rial, is 42,000 to the dollar compared with just 8,000 a decade ago, according to the Treasury Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn't import anymore,\" Helmi says. \"So I told the workers I cannot support them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his store has been affected by economic battle with Iran for almost a decade. A 2010 embargo prevented him from importing carpets. When it was lifted in 2015, he could finally restock his store. But Trump's withdrawal just a few years later, as well as the ensuing sanctions, put him back in the same position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For high-end rugs, Helmi's business is still thriving from his extensive antique collection. But he plans to retire soon, both because his children aren't interested in carrying on the business and because he's unable to restock his inventory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's so many things like the travel ban. I don't know how it's going to end up,\" Helmi says. \"Every day it's getting worse and worse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Iranian+American+Small+Businesses+Struggle+Under+Rising+Tensions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "'It’s Grotesque': Democratic Lawmakers Push Back on Costs, Pomp of Trump’s July 4",
"title": "'It’s Grotesque': Democratic Lawmakers Push Back on Costs, Pomp of Trump’s July 4",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>American taxpayers are looking at a bigger bill for this year's Independence Day party in the nation's capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this Fourth of July, President Trump has added an address from the Lincoln Memorial, tanks stationed in the area, an extended fireworks display and military aircraft flyovers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats in Congress are complaining about the added expenses and politicization of the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's just cheapening and weaponizing patriotism in a way that I hope a lot of Americans find deeply disturbing,\" Rep. Jared Huffman (D-San Rafael) told KQED News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual July 4 parade will be followed by a 6:30 p.m. Trump address from the Lincoln Memorial with military flyovers and performances by the Army Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps and others. That evening, the Capitol Fourth concert, also a trademark of the usual D.C. holiday, will be followed by an extended fireworks show lasting 35 to 40 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Rep. Jared Huffman D-San Rafael']'He's just cheapening and weaponizing patriotism in a way that I hope a lot of Americans find deeply disturbing.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's going to be a big price tag for this and the taxpayers will have to pick up the tab,\" said Sen. Chris Van Hollen, D-Md., a member of the Senate Appropriations Committee, which directs spending for such events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Hollen and other Democratic appropriators on Capitol Hill have raised questions and concerns for months that spending for the day could go haywire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/white-house-gives-tickets-to-trumps-july-fourth-extravaganza-to-gop-donors/2019/07/02/9109a566-9ce0-11e9-b27f-ed2942f73d70_story.html?utm_term=.fc6e1c9ff642\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post reported\u003c/a> Tuesday the National Park Service will redirect almost $2.5 million in entrance and recreation fees allocated for park improvement to cover costs for Trump's plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you take something funded by the Park Service ... you know to aggrandize Donald Trump, and then hand out tickets to his big Republican donors, it's grotesque,\" said Huffman, who sits on the House Committee on Natural Resources that oversees the National Park Service. \"It is a spectacle, a partisan spectacle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope that somewhere in the endless stream of these outrages, the sensibilities of this country turn more strongly against this man and what he's trying to do,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just before the big event, Democratic appropriators still don't know how much it will all cost in total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Congress Waiting on Total Costs. Experts Say it's Not Cheap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We haven't heard anything,\" said New Mexico Sen. Tom Udall, ranking Democrat for the Senate Appropriations Committee panel on interior and related agencies. \"It's disturbing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration said it would \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FAANews/status/1146079484807909376\">suspend operations at Reagan National Airport for 1.5 hours\u003c/a> for Trump's speech and flyovers. The aerial program will feature the jetliner used for Air Force One and aircraft representing all five military services, including the Navy's Blue Angels, said Jeffrey Reinbold, a superintendent of the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A military official told NPR it could also include F-35s and F-18s. And there will be military tanks parked along the National Mall, Trump said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said there would be \"the brand new Sherman tanks and we have the brand new Abram tanks.\" However, production of Sherman tanks ended in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're gonna have a great Fourth of July in Washington, D.C. It'll be like no other, it'll be special and I hope a lot of people come and it's going to be about this country and it's a salute to America,\" Trump said from the Oval Office Monday. \"I'm going to be here and I'm going to say a few words, and we're going to have planes going overhead, the best fighter jets in the world and other planes too. And we're gonna have some tanks stationed outside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's multiple requests for costs related to the plans, as well as more extensive details on the additional military personnel, equipment and security for the day from the Interior Department, National Park Service, U.S. Secret Service, the Pentagon and the five military services went unanswered. A military official said the White House was not approving Pentagon requests to share such details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won't be cheap, experts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758945\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11758945 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455-160x94.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455-800x470.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455-1020x599.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preparations are made for the \"Salute to America\" Fourth of July event with President Trump at the Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., July 3, 2019, which will feature flyovers by the Blue Angels, an airplane used as Air Force One, military demonstrations and a speech by Trump. \u003ccite>(Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>University of Denver professor Andrew Sherbo, who tracks such figures, said the Boeing 747 used for Air Force One could come at a cost of $205,000 an hour (the jetliner is considered Air Force One only when the president is aboard).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost per flying hour for the F-35 can be $20,000 or more, according to Department of Defense comptroller figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Blue Angels could cost a more reasonable $6,000 per day, since air shows are tied to their training, said Sherbo, a former Pentagon official who now teaches finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Capitol Concerts portion of the program, plus the annual Memorial Day concert, is budgeted at $6.4 million from the National Park Service budget, which is under the Interior Department, said Annie Orloff, Udall's press secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Park Service needs that money for real things, real needs, the backlog of deferred maintenance. And the important mission at the Park Service has nothing to do with a military parade,\" Huffman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be followed by a joint show put on by two fireworks companies, Phantom Fireworks and Fireworks by Grucci, that will launch from behind the Lincoln Memorial for a display lasting 15 to 20 minutes. As a result, they are donating an estimated $750,000 or more as part of the plans, said William Weimer, vice president of Phantom Fireworks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11721340,news_11391561,news_11286211' label='More on Trump and the NPS']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will be a pretty overwhelming display,\" said Weimer. \"We saw an opportunity and approached the government in March to make the donation and try to give back to the country that has been so good to us. ... It's a privilege and an honor for us to do this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They will be followed by Garden State Fireworks, a mainstay of the annual D.C. program since 2013, which will put on a 20-minute show from a new location at West Potomac Park. It will come at a cost of more than $250,000, said Christopher Santore, a choreographer whose family founded the company in 1890.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Garden State's show was 17.5 minutes long, Santore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The celebration is funded by three pots of money: donations, the Interior Department and the Defense Department. This year, the Interior Department and Secretary David Bernhardt have been tasked with leading the expanded plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Cancian, a senior adviser with the Washington think tank Center for Strategic and International Studies, said since the Capitol's Fourth celebration is paid by three different sources of money, it's a hard tally to track down in a traditional year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to that all the new elements for the presidential address and extended programming, and the costs become even fuzzier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a good question,\" Cancian said. \"It's difficult to answer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Udall, Van Hollen and others have pressed Bernhardt and his agency for answers. They have warned that taxpayer funds can't be used for a political rally and say Trump's plans appear to cross that line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758947\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758947\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A member of the Code Pink group poses in front a Bradley Fighting Vehicle ahead of the \"Salute to America\" Fourth of July event with President Trump at the Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., on July 3, 2019. The event will feature flyovers by the Blue Angels, an airplane used as Air Force One, military demonstrations and a speech by Trump. \u003ccite>(Alastair Pike/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Special Access for VIP Section \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House is issuing special VIP tickets to access a new, restricted area at the steps to Trump's speech as well as halfway along the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A White House official said the area is being reserved for friends, family, Cabinet officials and possibly members of Congress. Military personnel, who are slated to perform, will also be in the ticketed area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, a Republican National Committee official confirmed it had received a \"small number of tickets\" to distribute for the special section. The official said it was similar to other customary moves under Democratic and Republican administrations to share tickets for Christmas open houses and garden tours at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some Democrats were quick to disagree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Udall noted there are specific regulations that bar taxpayers from paying for a partisan event, and propaganda is prohibited. Trump's plans seem to veer into that \"very tricky area,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unacceptable that the Interior Department is failing to inform Congress about how it plans to spend taxpayer money to fund the president's lavish July 4\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> plans, which reportedly include special access to the National Mall for the politically connected,\" Udall said in a statement Tuesday. \"The American people deserve to know how much of their money the president is spending to turn their July 4\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> celebration into a de facto campaign rally. All reports indicate that the president is planning to turn a national day of unity into a day of vanity – trying to use the military for political purposes and doling out perks to his political backers – at the taxpayers' expense. We need answers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='New Mexico Sen. Tom Udall']'The American people deserve to know how much of their money the president is spending to turn their July 4th celebration into a de facto campaign rally.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a White House official countered that notion and said Trump's speech will focus on a unifying theme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The president has been very clear that he wants to help all Americans celebrate America. It's America's birthday and he wants to celebrate America, our flag and our great military, and the men and women who serve in it,\" the official said. \"This speech is not going to be political. It will be a celebration and salute to America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a May congressional hearing, Udall and Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee subpanel on interior and related agencies, said they wanted cost figures for the new Fourth plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know that we had asked for those numbers on that,\" Murkowski told Bernhardt. \"We do want this celebration that is a wonderful celebration and a great tribute to our nation to be able to continue and to have the public continue to enjoy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Van Hollen, Udall and Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., vice chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, wrote to Bernhardt demanding his agency share the budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say there's precedent to worry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration still owes the D.C. administration $7.3 million from the January 2017 inauguration. As a result, members such as D.C.'s representative in Congress, Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton, are sounding the alarm that appropriators must replenish the account, known as the Emergency Planning and Security Fund, before it goes dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are very concerned with an event we can't even price at a time when we are owed money,\" Norton said. \"And I don't think the city can refuse to provide the necessary security. So it is extremely unfair to the city to hold an unprecedented event and not at least choke up money to make it happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It Will be Wild'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Trump attended the French celebration of Bastille Day in July 2017, he said one of his first calls was to replicate and \"try and top it.\" The plans, which were slated for Veterans Day weekend in November 2018, were scratched after word leaked of a $92 million price tag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in February, Trump announced the plans to \"HOLD THE DATE\" on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1099651121088466946\">Twitter.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1099651121088466946\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will be having one of the biggest gatherings in the history of Washington, D.C., on July 4th,\" Trump tweeted Feb. 24. \"It will be called 'A Salute To America' and will be held at the Lincoln Memorial. Major fireworks display, entertainment and an address by your favorite President, me!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some groups are determined to make it clear Trump isn't their favorite president. And that could mean more demands for security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Progressive political organization VoteVets, which largely supports Democratic military veterans on Capitol Hill, has raised about $40,000 off its plans to counter Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is helping spearhead an effort to pass out thousands of shirts on the Fourth featuring the late Arizona Republican Sen. John McCain, the Navy war hero and lawmaker who died last year and remains a target of Trump's ire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activist group Code Pink will display the \"Baby Trump\" blimp that has been seen at protests around the world. The group received a physical permit this week to stand the 20-foot balloon on the northwest quadrant of the National Mall at 17th Street, said co-director Medea Benjamin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the group is fighting to gain FAA approval to inflate the balloon with a small portion of helium to lift it at least 2 feet off the ground. If not, it will inflate the balloon with a leaf blower to meet requirements, Benjamin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group will also be passing out 100 miniversions of the balloons, Benjamin noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will be wild,\" she said. \"There will be tons of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cem>KQED's Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tanks%2C+Flyovers+And+Heightened+Security%3A+Trump%27s+4th+Of+July+Ups+Taxpayer+Cost&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>American taxpayers are looking at a bigger bill for this year's Independence Day party in the nation's capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this Fourth of July, President Trump has added an address from the Lincoln Memorial, tanks stationed in the area, an extended fireworks display and military aircraft flyovers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats in Congress are complaining about the added expenses and politicization of the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's just cheapening and weaponizing patriotism in a way that I hope a lot of Americans find deeply disturbing,\" Rep. Jared Huffman (D-San Rafael) told KQED News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual July 4 parade will be followed by a 6:30 p.m. Trump address from the Lincoln Memorial with military flyovers and performances by the Army Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps and others. That evening, the Capitol Fourth concert, also a trademark of the usual D.C. holiday, will be followed by an extended fireworks show lasting 35 to 40 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's going to be a big price tag for this and the taxpayers will have to pick up the tab,\" said Sen. Chris Van Hollen, D-Md., a member of the Senate Appropriations Committee, which directs spending for such events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Hollen and other Democratic appropriators on Capitol Hill have raised questions and concerns for months that spending for the day could go haywire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/white-house-gives-tickets-to-trumps-july-fourth-extravaganza-to-gop-donors/2019/07/02/9109a566-9ce0-11e9-b27f-ed2942f73d70_story.html?utm_term=.fc6e1c9ff642\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post reported\u003c/a> Tuesday the National Park Service will redirect almost $2.5 million in entrance and recreation fees allocated for park improvement to cover costs for Trump's plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you take something funded by the Park Service ... you know to aggrandize Donald Trump, and then hand out tickets to his big Republican donors, it's grotesque,\" said Huffman, who sits on the House Committee on Natural Resources that oversees the National Park Service. \"It is a spectacle, a partisan spectacle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope that somewhere in the endless stream of these outrages, the sensibilities of this country turn more strongly against this man and what he's trying to do,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just before the big event, Democratic appropriators still don't know how much it will all cost in total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Congress Waiting on Total Costs. Experts Say it's Not Cheap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We haven't heard anything,\" said New Mexico Sen. Tom Udall, ranking Democrat for the Senate Appropriations Committee panel on interior and related agencies. \"It's disturbing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Aviation Administration said it would \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FAANews/status/1146079484807909376\">suspend operations at Reagan National Airport for 1.5 hours\u003c/a> for Trump's speech and flyovers. The aerial program will feature the jetliner used for Air Force One and aircraft representing all five military services, including the Navy's Blue Angels, said Jeffrey Reinbold, a superintendent of the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A military official told NPR it could also include F-35s and F-18s. And there will be military tanks parked along the National Mall, Trump said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said there would be \"the brand new Sherman tanks and we have the brand new Abram tanks.\" However, production of Sherman tanks ended in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're gonna have a great Fourth of July in Washington, D.C. It'll be like no other, it'll be special and I hope a lot of people come and it's going to be about this country and it's a salute to America,\" Trump said from the Oval Office Monday. \"I'm going to be here and I'm going to say a few words, and we're going to have planes going overhead, the best fighter jets in the world and other planes too. And we're gonna have some tanks stationed outside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's multiple requests for costs related to the plans, as well as more extensive details on the additional military personnel, equipment and security for the day from the Interior Department, National Park Service, U.S. Secret Service, the Pentagon and the five military services went unanswered. A military official said the White House was not approving Pentagon requests to share such details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won't be cheap, experts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758945\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11758945 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455-160x94.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455-800x470.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153544455-1020x599.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Preparations are made for the \"Salute to America\" Fourth of July event with President Trump at the Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., July 3, 2019, which will feature flyovers by the Blue Angels, an airplane used as Air Force One, military demonstrations and a speech by Trump. \u003ccite>(Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>University of Denver professor Andrew Sherbo, who tracks such figures, said the Boeing 747 used for Air Force One could come at a cost of $205,000 an hour (the jetliner is considered Air Force One only when the president is aboard).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost per flying hour for the F-35 can be $20,000 or more, according to Department of Defense comptroller figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Blue Angels could cost a more reasonable $6,000 per day, since air shows are tied to their training, said Sherbo, a former Pentagon official who now teaches finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Capitol Concerts portion of the program, plus the annual Memorial Day concert, is budgeted at $6.4 million from the National Park Service budget, which is under the Interior Department, said Annie Orloff, Udall's press secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Park Service needs that money for real things, real needs, the backlog of deferred maintenance. And the important mission at the Park Service has nothing to do with a military parade,\" Huffman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be followed by a joint show put on by two fireworks companies, Phantom Fireworks and Fireworks by Grucci, that will launch from behind the Lincoln Memorial for a display lasting 15 to 20 minutes. As a result, they are donating an estimated $750,000 or more as part of the plans, said William Weimer, vice president of Phantom Fireworks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will be a pretty overwhelming display,\" said Weimer. \"We saw an opportunity and approached the government in March to make the donation and try to give back to the country that has been so good to us. ... It's a privilege and an honor for us to do this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They will be followed by Garden State Fireworks, a mainstay of the annual D.C. program since 2013, which will put on a 20-minute show from a new location at West Potomac Park. It will come at a cost of more than $250,000, said Christopher Santore, a choreographer whose family founded the company in 1890.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Garden State's show was 17.5 minutes long, Santore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The celebration is funded by three pots of money: donations, the Interior Department and the Defense Department. This year, the Interior Department and Secretary David Bernhardt have been tasked with leading the expanded plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Cancian, a senior adviser with the Washington think tank Center for Strategic and International Studies, said since the Capitol's Fourth celebration is paid by three different sources of money, it's a hard tally to track down in a traditional year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add to that all the new elements for the presidential address and extended programming, and the costs become even fuzzier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a good question,\" Cancian said. \"It's difficult to answer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Udall, Van Hollen and others have pressed Bernhardt and his agency for answers. They have warned that taxpayer funds can't be used for a political rally and say Trump's plans appear to cross that line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758947\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758947\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/GettyImages-1153534326-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A member of the Code Pink group poses in front a Bradley Fighting Vehicle ahead of the \"Salute to America\" Fourth of July event with President Trump at the Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., on July 3, 2019. The event will feature flyovers by the Blue Angels, an airplane used as Air Force One, military demonstrations and a speech by Trump. \u003ccite>(Alastair Pike/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Special Access for VIP Section \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House is issuing special VIP tickets to access a new, restricted area at the steps to Trump's speech as well as halfway along the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A White House official said the area is being reserved for friends, family, Cabinet officials and possibly members of Congress. Military personnel, who are slated to perform, will also be in the ticketed area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, a Republican National Committee official confirmed it had received a \"small number of tickets\" to distribute for the special section. The official said it was similar to other customary moves under Democratic and Republican administrations to share tickets for Christmas open houses and garden tours at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some Democrats were quick to disagree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Udall noted there are specific regulations that bar taxpayers from paying for a partisan event, and propaganda is prohibited. Trump's plans seem to veer into that \"very tricky area,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is unacceptable that the Interior Department is failing to inform Congress about how it plans to spend taxpayer money to fund the president's lavish July 4\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> plans, which reportedly include special access to the National Mall for the politically connected,\" Udall said in a statement Tuesday. \"The American people deserve to know how much of their money the president is spending to turn their July 4\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> celebration into a de facto campaign rally. All reports indicate that the president is planning to turn a national day of unity into a day of vanity – trying to use the military for political purposes and doling out perks to his political backers – at the taxpayers' expense. We need answers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a White House official countered that notion and said Trump's speech will focus on a unifying theme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The president has been very clear that he wants to help all Americans celebrate America. It's America's birthday and he wants to celebrate America, our flag and our great military, and the men and women who serve in it,\" the official said. \"This speech is not going to be political. It will be a celebration and salute to America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a May congressional hearing, Udall and Sen. Lisa Murkowski, R-Alaska, chairwoman of the Senate Appropriations Committee subpanel on interior and related agencies, said they wanted cost figures for the new Fourth plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know that we had asked for those numbers on that,\" Murkowski told Bernhardt. \"We do want this celebration that is a wonderful celebration and a great tribute to our nation to be able to continue and to have the public continue to enjoy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Van Hollen, Udall and Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., vice chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, wrote to Bernhardt demanding his agency share the budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say there's precedent to worry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration still owes the D.C. administration $7.3 million from the January 2017 inauguration. As a result, members such as D.C.'s representative in Congress, Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton, are sounding the alarm that appropriators must replenish the account, known as the Emergency Planning and Security Fund, before it goes dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are very concerned with an event we can't even price at a time when we are owed money,\" Norton said. \"And I don't think the city can refuse to provide the necessary security. So it is extremely unfair to the city to hold an unprecedented event and not at least choke up money to make it happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It Will be Wild'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Trump attended the French celebration of Bastille Day in July 2017, he said one of his first calls was to replicate and \"try and top it.\" The plans, which were slated for Veterans Day weekend in November 2018, were scratched after word leaked of a $92 million price tag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in February, Trump announced the plans to \"HOLD THE DATE\" on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1099651121088466946\">Twitter.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"We will be having one of the biggest gatherings in the history of Washington, D.C., on July 4th,\" Trump tweeted Feb. 24. \"It will be called 'A Salute To America' and will be held at the Lincoln Memorial. Major fireworks display, entertainment and an address by your favorite President, me!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some groups are determined to make it clear Trump isn't their favorite president. And that could mean more demands for security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Progressive political organization VoteVets, which largely supports Democratic military veterans on Capitol Hill, has raised about $40,000 off its plans to counter Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is helping spearhead an effort to pass out thousands of shirts on the Fourth featuring the late Arizona Republican Sen. John McCain, the Navy war hero and lawmaker who died last year and remains a target of Trump's ire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activist group Code Pink will display the \"Baby Trump\" blimp that has been seen at protests around the world. The group received a physical permit this week to stand the 20-foot balloon on the northwest quadrant of the National Mall at 17th Street, said co-director Medea Benjamin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the group is fighting to gain FAA approval to inflate the balloon with a small portion of helium to lift it at least 2 feet off the ground. If not, it will inflate the balloon with a leaf blower to meet requirements, Benjamin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group will also be passing out 100 miniversions of the balloons, Benjamin noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It will be wild,\" she said. \"There will be tons of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cem>KQED's Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tanks%2C+Flyovers+And+Heightened+Security%3A+Trump%27s+4th+Of+July+Ups+Taxpayer+Cost&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "DHS Inspector General Finds 'Dangerous Overcrowding' in Border Patrol Facilities",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General is warning about \"dangerous overcrowding\" in Border Patrol facilities in the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-07/OIG-19-51-Jul19_.pdf\">strongly worded report\u003c/a>, the inspector general said the prolonged detention of migrants without proper food, hygiene or laundry facilities — some for more than a month — requires \"immediate attention and action.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11758640' label='More Coverage From KQED']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report comes amid growing outrage over detention conditions for migrants and follows reports that migrant children were kept in squalid conditions without enough food and basic necessities in a Border Patrol station in West Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspectors from DHS's Office of Inspector General in June visited Border Patrol facilities and ports of entry across the Rio Grande Valley in Texas, the busiest sector in the country for illegal border crossings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are concerned that overcrowding and prolonged detention represent an immediate risk to the health and safety of DHS agents and officers, and to those detained,\" they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its response to the report, the Department of Homeland Security says the surge of migrants crossing the Southern border has led to an \"acute and worsening crisis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The current migration flow and the resulting humanitarian crisis are rapidly overwhelming the ability of the Federal Government to respond,\" DHS says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area congresswoman Zoe Lofgren, D-San Jose, said she and congressman Jerry Nadler, D-N.Y., are asking individuals with the DHS Office of the Inspector General to testify before the House Judiciary Committee.\u003cbr>\n \u003cbr>\n\"The first thing we hope to do — and I spoke to Jerry Nadler, the chairman, earlier today — is to have the Inspector General in to go through the full report with the judiciary committee,\" said Lofgren, who chairs the House Judiciary Committee's subcommittee on immigration and citizenship.\u003cbr>\n \u003cbr>\n\"We need to hold the departments to account,\" Lofgren said. “What they are doing violates their requirements under the law. And they have to stop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, according to DHS, an average of more than 4,600 people a day crossed illegally or arrived at ports of entry without the proper documents, compared to less than 700 a day in the same period two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHS says Customs and Border Protection facilities are at \"peak capacity\" and that the agency is adding detention capacity at three tent facilities in order to improve the conditions for migrants. CBP also says it \"continues to take steps to address the health and safety of those in custody,\" including by expanding medical services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='More Immigration Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general's office released \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-05/OIG-19-46-May19.pdf\">a report in May\u003c/a> describing similarly dangerous overcrowding conditions in Border Patrol cells in the El Paso region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest report from the Rio Grande Valley includes photos of migrants penned into overcrowded Border Patrol facilities — including one man pressing a cardboard sign to a cell window with the word \"Help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspectors quote one unnamed senior manager calling the situation a \"ticking time bomb.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspectors found that hundreds of children were held for longer than the 72 hours, the maximum time federal rules allow. In some cases, kids were held for more than two weeks. And some adults were kept in standing-room-only cells, without access to showers, for more than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspectors said Border Patrol management informed them there had been \"security incidents,\" such as detainees clogging toilets with Mylar blankets and socks in order to be released from their cells during maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We ended our site visit at one Border Patrol facility early because our presence was agitating an already difficult situation,\" the inspectors wrote. \"Specifically, when detainees observed us, they banged on the cell windows, shouted, pressed notes to the window with their time in custody, and gestured to evidence of their time in custody (e.g., beards).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's Jeremy Siegel contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are concerned that overcrowding and prolonged detention represent an immediate risk to the health and safety of DHS agents and officers, and to those detained,\" they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its response to the report, the Department of Homeland Security says the surge of migrants crossing the Southern border has led to an \"acute and worsening crisis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The current migration flow and the resulting humanitarian crisis are rapidly overwhelming the ability of the Federal Government to respond,\" DHS says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area congresswoman Zoe Lofgren, D-San Jose, said she and congressman Jerry Nadler, D-N.Y., are asking individuals with the DHS Office of the Inspector General to testify before the House Judiciary Committee.\u003cbr>\n \u003cbr>\n\"The first thing we hope to do — and I spoke to Jerry Nadler, the chairman, earlier today — is to have the Inspector General in to go through the full report with the judiciary committee,\" said Lofgren, who chairs the House Judiciary Committee's subcommittee on immigration and citizenship.\u003cbr>\n \u003cbr>\n\"We need to hold the departments to account,\" Lofgren said. “What they are doing violates their requirements under the law. And they have to stop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, according to DHS, an average of more than 4,600 people a day crossed illegally or arrived at ports of entry without the proper documents, compared to less than 700 a day in the same period two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHS says Customs and Border Protection facilities are at \"peak capacity\" and that the agency is adding detention capacity at three tent facilities in order to improve the conditions for migrants. CBP also says it \"continues to take steps to address the health and safety of those in custody,\" including by expanding medical services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspector general's office released \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-05/OIG-19-46-May19.pdf\">a report in May\u003c/a> describing similarly dangerous overcrowding conditions in Border Patrol cells in the El Paso region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest report from the Rio Grande Valley includes photos of migrants penned into overcrowded Border Patrol facilities — including one man pressing a cardboard sign to a cell window with the word \"Help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspectors quote one unnamed senior manager calling the situation a \"ticking time bomb.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspectors found that hundreds of children were held for longer than the 72 hours, the maximum time federal rules allow. In some cases, kids were held for more than two weeks. And some adults were kept in standing-room-only cells, without access to showers, for more than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspectors said Border Patrol management informed them there had been \"security incidents,\" such as detainees clogging toilets with Mylar blankets and socks in order to be released from their cells during maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We ended our site visit at one Border Patrol facility early because our presence was agitating an already difficult situation,\" the inspectors wrote. \"Specifically, when detainees observed us, they banged on the cell windows, shouted, pressed notes to the window with their time in custody, and gestured to evidence of their time in custody (e.g., beards).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's Jeremy Siegel contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fear, Confusion and Separation as Trump Administration Sends Migrants Back to Mexico",
"title": "Fear, Confusion and Separation as Trump Administration Sends Migrants Back to Mexico",
"headTitle": "NPR | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Several dozen Central American migrants crossed the U.S.-Mexico border again, this time escorted by federal agents to an El Paso, Texas, courtroom, as part of an unprecedented effort by the Trump administration to control migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One by one, the judge asked if the migrants had a lawyer during a hearing last week. Nearly all of them said, \"No.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not unusual. More than 6,000 migrants who came to the United States to ask for asylum have been sent back to Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, just across the border from El Paso, to wait for their day in U.S. immigration court under the \"Remain in Mexico\" program. But only about 20 of them have lawyers, according to human rights groups and attorneys who work with the migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remain in Mexico is a key part of the Trump administration's plan to turn back a crush of migrants at the southern border, and it's a historic shift in how the asylum system works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758532\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11758532 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2-160x53.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2-800x266.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2-1200x400.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Belongings of asylum-seekers sit on a desk in a church shelter in Ciudad Juárez. Right: Giovanni, 44, his son, Jonathan, 8, and his twin daughters, Catherine and Carl,a were sent back under the program known as \"Remain in Mexico\" to await their immigration court dates. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration says the program will help restore a \"safe and orderly immigration process\" and prevent migrants from gaming the system by asking for asylum and then never turning up for court and disappearing in the interior of the United States. In June, the U.S. and Mexico announced plans to expand the program widely along their shared border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Remain in Mexico is drawing widespread criticism. Immigrant advocates, lawyers and former U.S. officials say the country is turning its back on asylum-seekers — vulnerable people who are allowed under U.S. law to seek sanctuary here. Instead, these migrants travel thousands of miles, only to get stopped on the doorstep of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758513\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-66-edit_custom-a04c22524e832f60c6ebdd8e607fc1a789d00d85-e1562014796513.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-66-edit_custom-a04c22524e832f60c6ebdd8e607fc1a789d00d85-e1562014796513.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Taylor Levy, an El Paso immigration attorney, speaks with a Guatemalan migrant named Genero at the Paso del Norte International Bridge. In practice, lawyers say, few migrants in Juarez have access to legal counsel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The union that represents U.S. asylum officers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/27/736461700/asylum-officers-trumps-remain-in-mexico-policy-is-against-moral-fabric-of-u-s\">filed a brief in federal court last week \u003c/a>as part of a lawsuit seeking to block the program, arguing it is \"fundamentally contrary to the moral fabric of our nation.\" In a separate brief, former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper and former Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano, among others, argued the program runs afoul of international commitments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Remain in Mexico program in El Paso is one of the largest in the nation. And it offers a case study in how the program is working: Many migrants are confused about the legal process and fearful for their safety in dangerous Mexican border towns. Moreover, advocates and lawyers say more migrant families are being separated under the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just a complete farce,\" said Taylor Levy, an immigration lawyer in El Paso, noting that the Trump administration now calls the program Migrant Protection Protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have worked with asylum-seekers for 10 years,\" Levy said. \"I have never seen people as scared, who are just viscerally terrified while they're begging me, 'Please don't let me get sent back. Please don't let me get sent back.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asylum-seekers do not have a right to a court-appointed lawyer in immigration court. The administration says it provides migrants in the program with a list of legal service providers in the area that offer help at little or no expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758520\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-22-edit_custom-5aa9a741acf28ed10026739648c148b42dc6d05a-1-e1562014854200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-22-edit_custom-5aa9a741acf28ed10026739648c148b42dc6d05a-1-e1562014854200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of El Buen Pastor, a shelter for migrants in Ciudad Juarez. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But in reality, lawyers in El Paso said not enough nonprofit or pro bono lawyers are willing or able to take the time to trek back and forth across the international bridge where wait times can be several hours long. That leaves many migrants to navigate the process themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, advocates say, migrants have frequently become victims of crime in Juarez, including kidnappings and robberies. And migrants say they feel like they're targets because they stand out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758536\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-91-edit_custom-cea3ab274c19947674380af9c036b22d5a77e6cd-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758536\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-91-edit_custom-cea3ab274c19947674380af9c036b22d5a77e6cd-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-91-edit_custom-cea3ab274c19947674380af9c036b22d5a77e6cd-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-91-edit_custom-cea3ab274c19947674380af9c036b22d5a77e6cd-s500-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Serafin Aguilera Perez, 39, from Havana, Cuba, shows bruises on his face that he says he sustained after he was attacked by two people who tried to take money that his sister had wired to him. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We are all afraid when we go out,\" said a Cuban migrant named Serafin Aguilera Perez. He said he was returned to Juarez last month after spending more than 40 days in U.S. custody. His sister in Miami wired him money to help him find shelter and food in Juarez, he told NPR. But when he went to a convenience store, Aguilera said, he was jumped from behind by two attackers who knocked him down and tried to take his money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How could I feel safe?\" he said. \"Look how beat up I am.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assailants didn't get the money, Aguilera said. But they left him with a black eye and visible scrapes on his chin and cheek. Aguilera said he wound up paying 7,000 pesos — more than $350 — to a hospital in Juarez that treated his injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the migrants in Juarez, who fled extreme poverty and violence in Central America, Cuba and Africa, say they feel trapped in the crowded migrant shelters run by churches in Juarez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't go anywhere because you don't know the area, and it's dangerous, too,\" said Jose Baires Chavez, a migrant from El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back home, Baires said, gangs tried to recruit him after he left the military. So he fled to the U.S. along with his son, Walter. But the two were returned to Juarez, and found their way to a migrant shelter in the city called El Buen Pastor. Now Baires said they're afraid to leave the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-16-edit1_custom-404521363db28f19aae6ceda143d061bac65e3ba-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-16-edit1_custom-404521363db28f19aae6ceda143d061bac65e3ba-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-16-edit1_custom-404521363db28f19aae6ceda143d061bac65e3ba-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-16-edit1_custom-404521363db28f19aae6ceda143d061bac65e3ba-s500-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Baires Chavez and his son, Walter, at El Buen Pastor migrant shelter in Ciudad Juárez. They fled threats of violence in El Salvador and are waiting in Mexico for their U.S. asylum hearing, a process that could take months. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It's like we're deprived of our freedom,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Never have we dealt with clients that are in so much danger,\" said Linda Rivas, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://las-americas.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Las Americas Immigrant Advocacy Center\u003c/a>. Rivas is one of the few lawyers in El Paso who is representing migrants in the program. She tells the story of a Honduran woman who asked for asylum and was put in this program. The woman told U.S. authorities she didn't feel safe in Juarez as a single woman, but she was sent back anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Rivas said, the woman alleged she was kidnapped and raped by multiple attackers. When Rivas heard about the allegations, she said that she and other advocates escorted the woman to the international bridge and convinced authorities to let her wait in the U.S. for her day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivas said she's terrified for her other clients who remain in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're representing them, and you know they're going to be back in Juarez,\" Rivas said. \"And you don't know if something's going to happen to them while they're waiting for the court, or they're waiting for you to go out there and work on their asylum cases with them. Anything can happen. And it's happening.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration said it will assess claims from migrants who say they fear returning to Mexico, and will exempt them if they are found to be \"more likely than not\" to face persecution or torture in Mexico. But in practice, advocates say, such exceptions are extremely rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant advocates and lawyers in El Paso are also concerned about families in the program being separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration drew international condemnation when it routinely separated migrant parents from their children before abandoning the zero tolerance policy last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758533\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11758533 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"867\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Mexico's National Guard and Federal Police patrol the U.S.-Mexico border to prevent migrants from crossing from Ciudad Juárez. Residents and officials say they've never before seen a deployment of Mexican military forces on the northern border. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now lawyers say they have handled cases of families in which some members — sometimes the father and children older than 18 — are sent back to Mexico, while the mother and younger kids are allowed to stay in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers and advocates also say that families are separated when children come to the border with an adult who is not their parent or legal guardian, such as a grandparent, aunt or uncle, or older sibling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758538\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-34_custom-dabf810eb09af05c7af6d1306c6afed3212acc07-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758538\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-34_custom-dabf810eb09af05c7af6d1306c6afed3212acc07-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-34_custom-dabf810eb09af05c7af6d1306c6afed3212acc07-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-34_custom-dabf810eb09af05c7af6d1306c6afed3212acc07-s500-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Guatemalan woman holds her immigration documents at a migrant shelter in Ciudad Juárez. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While these relatives may have served as primary caretakers back in their home countries, authorities say they need legal proof of guardianship and that they're trying to ensure kids aren't being trafficked. This has been the policy in previous administrations, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But under Remain in Mexico, these relatives are separated indefinitely with no means of contacting the children, who are taken into U.S. custody and eventually sent to shelters operated by the Office of Refugee Resettlement before being placed with sponsors, often other family members, in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The government is not documenting these cases, is failing to provide ORR with critical information, and has no ability to track or reunify the families it is separating. This practice is traumatizing and endangering children,\" the \u003ca href=\"https://www.womensrefugeecommission.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Women's Refugee Commission\u003c/a>, a nonprofit advocacy group, wrote in a report on Remain in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration said migrant children who arrive at the border alone, or who are separated from their families, will not be subject to Remain in Mexico. The program also excludes \"vulnerable populations\" on a case-by-case basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758537\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-29-edit_custom-3c586f3704657aef309e8981f8ee303003574ae7-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758537\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-29-edit_custom-3c586f3704657aef309e8981f8ee303003574ae7-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-29-edit_custom-3c586f3704657aef309e8981f8ee303003574ae7-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-29-edit_custom-3c586f3704657aef309e8981f8ee303003574ae7-s500-c85-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Enrique Valenzuela, a Mexican state immigration official, says Juárez is bracing for more migrants to arrive from the south — and to be returned from the United States. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the administration plans to grow the program. Mexico agreed to an expansion after President Trump threatened to impose tariffs unless that country did more to stem the flow of migrants coming north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico also agreed to dispatch its National Guard on that county's southern and northern borders. In Juarez, there's a highly visible military presence of Mexican National Guard and Army forces. Residents and officials say they haven't seen such a deployment on the northern border before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The armed soldiers say they're not there to arrest anyone. Instead, they are there to deter migrants crossing the border illegally and directing migrants to get on a waiting list to be able to cross at an official port of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Migrants are spending months on that list, often to be returned to Mexico after being processed by U.S. immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting Homeland Security Secretary Kevin McAleenan said Mexico's efforts to deter migration, along with the Remain in Mexico program, are having an impact. At a press conference on Friday, McAleenan said apprehensions at the border are expected to drop 25% percent in June compared to the previous month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, apprehensions in the El Paso-Juarez region remain high. The U.S. Border Patrol said last week that agents are taking into custody an average of about 800 people a day in the El Paso sector. That's down slightly from May, but still far above the number of apprehensions in the region six months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758534\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758534\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85-1200x798.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuban migrants give each other a tearful hug after being returned to Ciudad Juárez under the Remain in Mexico program. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enrique Valenzuela, a Mexican state immigration official, said Juarez is bracing for more migrants to arrive from the south — and to be returned from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a situation that even though we did not cause locally, we have been coping locally,\" he said. \"We have been working to gather any kind of resources you can get a hold of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Fear%2C+Confusion+And+Separation+As+Trump+Administration+Sends+Migrants+Back+To+Mexico&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The \"Remain in Mexico\" program is a key part of the Trump administration's plan to turn back a crush of migrants at the southern border, and it's a historic shift in how the asylum system works.",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href= \"https://www.npr.org/people/159989569/joel-rose\"> Joel Rose \u003ca/> and \u003ca href= \"https://www.npr.org/people/616321980/laura-smitherman\"> Laura Smitherman \u003ca/>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several dozen Central American migrants crossed the U.S.-Mexico border again, this time escorted by federal agents to an El Paso, Texas, courtroom, as part of an unprecedented effort by the Trump administration to control migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One by one, the judge asked if the migrants had a lawyer during a hearing last week. Nearly all of them said, \"No.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not unusual. More than 6,000 migrants who came to the United States to ask for asylum have been sent back to Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, just across the border from El Paso, to wait for their day in U.S. immigration court under the \"Remain in Mexico\" program. But only about 20 of them have lawyers, according to human rights groups and attorneys who work with the migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remain in Mexico is a key part of the Trump administration's plan to turn back a crush of migrants at the southern border, and it's a historic shift in how the asylum system works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758532\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11758532 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"433\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2-160x53.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2-800x266.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/diptych_custom-b41df3689c86727838d66cfa460bbb37faaf5a1f-s1300-c85-2-1200x400.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Belongings of asylum-seekers sit on a desk in a church shelter in Ciudad Juárez. Right: Giovanni, 44, his son, Jonathan, 8, and his twin daughters, Catherine and Carl,a were sent back under the program known as \"Remain in Mexico\" to await their immigration court dates. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration says the program will help restore a \"safe and orderly immigration process\" and prevent migrants from gaming the system by asking for asylum and then never turning up for court and disappearing in the interior of the United States. In June, the U.S. and Mexico announced plans to expand the program widely along their shared border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Remain in Mexico is drawing widespread criticism. Immigrant advocates, lawyers and former U.S. officials say the country is turning its back on asylum-seekers — vulnerable people who are allowed under U.S. law to seek sanctuary here. Instead, these migrants travel thousands of miles, only to get stopped on the doorstep of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758513\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-66-edit_custom-a04c22524e832f60c6ebdd8e607fc1a789d00d85-e1562014796513.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-66-edit_custom-a04c22524e832f60c6ebdd8e607fc1a789d00d85-e1562014796513.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Taylor Levy, an El Paso immigration attorney, speaks with a Guatemalan migrant named Genero at the Paso del Norte International Bridge. In practice, lawyers say, few migrants in Juarez have access to legal counsel.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The union that represents U.S. asylum officers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/27/736461700/asylum-officers-trumps-remain-in-mexico-policy-is-against-moral-fabric-of-u-s\">filed a brief in federal court last week \u003c/a>as part of a lawsuit seeking to block the program, arguing it is \"fundamentally contrary to the moral fabric of our nation.\" In a separate brief, former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper and former Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano, among others, argued the program runs afoul of international commitments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Remain in Mexico program in El Paso is one of the largest in the nation. And it offers a case study in how the program is working: Many migrants are confused about the legal process and fearful for their safety in dangerous Mexican border towns. Moreover, advocates and lawyers say more migrant families are being separated under the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just a complete farce,\" said Taylor Levy, an immigration lawyer in El Paso, noting that the Trump administration now calls the program Migrant Protection Protocols.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have worked with asylum-seekers for 10 years,\" Levy said. \"I have never seen people as scared, who are just viscerally terrified while they're begging me, 'Please don't let me get sent back. Please don't let me get sent back.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asylum-seekers do not have a right to a court-appointed lawyer in immigration court. The administration says it provides migrants in the program with a list of legal service providers in the area that offer help at little or no expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758520\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-22-edit_custom-5aa9a741acf28ed10026739648c148b42dc6d05a-1-e1562014854200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-22-edit_custom-5aa9a741acf28ed10026739648c148b42dc6d05a-1-e1562014854200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of El Buen Pastor, a shelter for migrants in Ciudad Juarez. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But in reality, lawyers in El Paso said not enough nonprofit or pro bono lawyers are willing or able to take the time to trek back and forth across the international bridge where wait times can be several hours long. That leaves many migrants to navigate the process themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, advocates say, migrants have frequently become victims of crime in Juarez, including kidnappings and robberies. And migrants say they feel like they're targets because they stand out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758536\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-91-edit_custom-cea3ab274c19947674380af9c036b22d5a77e6cd-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758536\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-91-edit_custom-cea3ab274c19947674380af9c036b22d5a77e6cd-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-91-edit_custom-cea3ab274c19947674380af9c036b22d5a77e6cd-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-91-edit_custom-cea3ab274c19947674380af9c036b22d5a77e6cd-s500-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Serafin Aguilera Perez, 39, from Havana, Cuba, shows bruises on his face that he says he sustained after he was attacked by two people who tried to take money that his sister had wired to him. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We are all afraid when we go out,\" said a Cuban migrant named Serafin Aguilera Perez. He said he was returned to Juarez last month after spending more than 40 days in U.S. custody. His sister in Miami wired him money to help him find shelter and food in Juarez, he told NPR. But when he went to a convenience store, Aguilera said, he was jumped from behind by two attackers who knocked him down and tried to take his money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How could I feel safe?\" he said. \"Look how beat up I am.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assailants didn't get the money, Aguilera said. But they left him with a black eye and visible scrapes on his chin and cheek. Aguilera said he wound up paying 7,000 pesos — more than $350 — to a hospital in Juarez that treated his injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the migrants in Juarez, who fled extreme poverty and violence in Central America, Cuba and Africa, say they feel trapped in the crowded migrant shelters run by churches in Juarez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't go anywhere because you don't know the area, and it's dangerous, too,\" said Jose Baires Chavez, a migrant from El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back home, Baires said, gangs tried to recruit him after he left the military. So he fled to the U.S. along with his son, Walter. But the two were returned to Juarez, and found their way to a migrant shelter in the city called El Buen Pastor. Now Baires said they're afraid to leave the shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-16-edit1_custom-404521363db28f19aae6ceda143d061bac65e3ba-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-16-edit1_custom-404521363db28f19aae6ceda143d061bac65e3ba-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-16-edit1_custom-404521363db28f19aae6ceda143d061bac65e3ba-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-16-edit1_custom-404521363db28f19aae6ceda143d061bac65e3ba-s500-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Baires Chavez and his son, Walter, at El Buen Pastor migrant shelter in Ciudad Juárez. They fled threats of violence in El Salvador and are waiting in Mexico for their U.S. asylum hearing, a process that could take months. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It's like we're deprived of our freedom,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Never have we dealt with clients that are in so much danger,\" said Linda Rivas, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://las-americas.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Las Americas Immigrant Advocacy Center\u003c/a>. Rivas is one of the few lawyers in El Paso who is representing migrants in the program. She tells the story of a Honduran woman who asked for asylum and was put in this program. The woman told U.S. authorities she didn't feel safe in Juarez as a single woman, but she was sent back anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Rivas said, the woman alleged she was kidnapped and raped by multiple attackers. When Rivas heard about the allegations, she said that she and other advocates escorted the woman to the international bridge and convinced authorities to let her wait in the U.S. for her day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivas said she's terrified for her other clients who remain in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're representing them, and you know they're going to be back in Juarez,\" Rivas said. \"And you don't know if something's going to happen to them while they're waiting for the court, or they're waiting for you to go out there and work on their asylum cases with them. Anything can happen. And it's happening.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration said it will assess claims from migrants who say they fear returning to Mexico, and will exempt them if they are found to be \"more likely than not\" to face persecution or torture in Mexico. But in practice, advocates say, such exceptions are extremely rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant advocates and lawyers in El Paso are also concerned about families in the program being separated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration drew international condemnation when it routinely separated migrant parents from their children before abandoning the zero tolerance policy last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758533\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11758533 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"867\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-108-edit_custom-4f724b999136569349f3f2e9b0f013cf55c93fb8-s1300-c85-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Mexico's National Guard and Federal Police patrol the U.S.-Mexico border to prevent migrants from crossing from Ciudad Juárez. Residents and officials say they've never before seen a deployment of Mexican military forces on the northern border. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now lawyers say they have handled cases of families in which some members — sometimes the father and children older than 18 — are sent back to Mexico, while the mother and younger kids are allowed to stay in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers and advocates also say that families are separated when children come to the border with an adult who is not their parent or legal guardian, such as a grandparent, aunt or uncle, or older sibling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758538\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-34_custom-dabf810eb09af05c7af6d1306c6afed3212acc07-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758538\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-34_custom-dabf810eb09af05c7af6d1306c6afed3212acc07-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-34_custom-dabf810eb09af05c7af6d1306c6afed3212acc07-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-34_custom-dabf810eb09af05c7af6d1306c6afed3212acc07-s500-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Guatemalan woman holds her immigration documents at a migrant shelter in Ciudad Juárez. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While these relatives may have served as primary caretakers back in their home countries, authorities say they need legal proof of guardianship and that they're trying to ensure kids aren't being trafficked. This has been the policy in previous administrations, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But under Remain in Mexico, these relatives are separated indefinitely with no means of contacting the children, who are taken into U.S. custody and eventually sent to shelters operated by the Office of Refugee Resettlement before being placed with sponsors, often other family members, in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The government is not documenting these cases, is failing to provide ORR with critical information, and has no ability to track or reunify the families it is separating. This practice is traumatizing and endangering children,\" the \u003ca href=\"https://www.womensrefugeecommission.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Women's Refugee Commission\u003c/a>, a nonprofit advocacy group, wrote in a report on Remain in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration said migrant children who arrive at the border alone, or who are separated from their families, will not be subject to Remain in Mexico. The program also excludes \"vulnerable populations\" on a case-by-case basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758537\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-29-edit_custom-3c586f3704657aef309e8981f8ee303003574ae7-s500-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758537\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-29-edit_custom-3c586f3704657aef309e8981f8ee303003574ae7-s500-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-29-edit_custom-3c586f3704657aef309e8981f8ee303003574ae7-s500-c85.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-29-edit_custom-3c586f3704657aef309e8981f8ee303003574ae7-s500-c85-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Enrique Valenzuela, a Mexican state immigration official, says Juárez is bracing for more migrants to arrive from the south — and to be returned from the United States. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the administration plans to grow the program. Mexico agreed to an expansion after President Trump threatened to impose tariffs unless that country did more to stem the flow of migrants coming north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico also agreed to dispatch its National Guard on that county's southern and northern borders. In Juarez, there's a highly visible military presence of Mexican National Guard and Army forces. Residents and officials say they haven't seen such a deployment on the northern border before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The armed soldiers say they're not there to arrest anyone. Instead, they are there to deter migrants crossing the border illegally and directing migrants to get on a waiting list to be able to cross at an official port of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Migrants are spending months on that list, often to be returned to Mexico after being processed by U.S. immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting Homeland Security Secretary Kevin McAleenan said Mexico's efforts to deter migration, along with the Remain in Mexico program, are having an impact. At a press conference on Friday, McAleenan said apprehensions at the border are expected to drop 25% percent in June compared to the previous month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, apprehensions in the El Paso-Juarez region remain high. The U.S. Border Patrol said last week that agents are taking into custody an average of about 800 people a day in the El Paso sector. That's down slightly from May, but still far above the number of apprehensions in the region six months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11758534\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11758534\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1300\" height=\"865\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/pratje_mpp_joelrose-92_custom-ef958e368255e6ea790bf94d2970bfe630efea1d-s1300-c85-1200x798.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuban migrants give each other a tearful hug after being returned to Ciudad Juárez under the Remain in Mexico program. \u003ccite>(Paul Ratje/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Enrique Valenzuela, a Mexican state immigration official, said Juarez is bracing for more migrants to arrive from the south — and to be returned from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a situation that even though we did not cause locally, we have been coping locally,\" he said. \"We have been working to gather any kind of resources you can get a hold of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Fear%2C+Confusion+And+Separation+As+Trump+Administration+Sends+Migrants+Back+To+Mexico&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Twitter is creating a warning label to flag and suppress political tweets that break the platform's rules on acceptable speech. It's a bold step for the company, which has come under sharp criticism for its handling of tweets by major political figures, including President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"twitter\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company will not delete the offensive, bullying or hateful tweets of politicians. But, it announced in a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/publicinterest.html\">blog post\u003c/a> Thursday, it will begin marking them up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a politician's tweet breaks the rules, it will get hidden under a warning label that says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Twitter Rules about abusive behavior apply to this Tweet. However, Twitter has determined it may be in the public's interest for the Tweet to remain available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A user will have to click or tap to view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new measure applies to verified political leaders and candidates who have more than 100,000 followers. The abusive tweets will be ranked down by algorithms as well, thereby getting fewer views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter leadership once referred to the company as \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/mar/22/twitter-tony-wang-free-speech\">the free speech wing of the free speech party\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those days are long gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the massacre in Christchurch, New Zealand, which was livestreamed on Facebook, Twitter entered \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/addressing-the-abuse-of-tech-to-spread-terrorist-and-extremist-c.html\">a compact with other social media giants\u003c/a> to more aggressively track down violent or extremist content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Republican leaders have repeatedly accused Twitter and others of having \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/11/646333029/justice-probe-into-bias-at-tech-companies-should-include-democrats-california-ag\">an anti-conservative bias\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey said in congressional testimony: \"Twitter does not use political ideology to make any decisions, whether related to ranking content on our service or how we enforce our rules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+Adds+Warning+Label+For+Offensive+Political+Tweets&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company will not delete the offensive, bullying or hateful tweets of politicians. But, it announced in a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/publicinterest.html\">blog post\u003c/a> Thursday, it will begin marking them up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a politician's tweet breaks the rules, it will get hidden under a warning label that says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Twitter Rules about abusive behavior apply to this Tweet. However, Twitter has determined it may be in the public's interest for the Tweet to remain available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A user will have to click or tap to view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new measure applies to verified political leaders and candidates who have more than 100,000 followers. The abusive tweets will be ranked down by algorithms as well, thereby getting fewer views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter leadership once referred to the company as \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/mar/22/twitter-tony-wang-free-speech\">the free speech wing of the free speech party\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those days are long gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The labor union for federal asylum officers is condemning President Trump's policy of sending migrants to Mexico as they wait for their assigned court dates in the U.S., calling the Trump administration's program \"fundamentally contrary to the moral fabric of our Nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asylum officers, who are tasked with carrying out a policy widely known as \"Remain in Mexico,\" said they have a duty \"to protect vulnerable asylum seekers from persecution,\" claiming that Trump's policy creates a conflict between their professional responsibility and the president's directives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy formally known as the Migrant Protection Protocols is a \"widespread violation\" of international and domestic law, the asylum workers' union wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[The Migrant Protection Protocols program] violates our Nation's longstanding tradition and international treaty and domestic obligation not to return those fleeing persecution to a territory where they will be persecuted,\" the union, the American Federation of Government Employees Local 1924, wrote to the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6172520-Local-1924-Amicus-Brief.html\">in an amicus brief filing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is significant and unusual for a sitting president's own federal workers to publicly criticize a policy they have been directed to follow. The asylum officers say the MPP program undercuts a core part of their job and may endanger the lives of asylum-seekers, so the officers are asking the federal appeals court to halt the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The MPP, contrary to the Administration's claim, does nothing to streamline the process, but instead increases the burdens on our immigration courts and makes the system more inefficient,\" the federal workers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy does not allow for all migrants to be asked whether they fear persecution in Mexico, providing for that discussion only if the applicant raises it, the workers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, according to the filing, some migrants do have a reason to be uneasy about waiting in Mexico for their U.S. court hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union said human rights abuses, gang violence and kidnappings remain a problem in Mexico, citing a State Department report. In particular, migrants who are ethnic minorities could \"face persecution in Mexico that is similar to the persecution they face in their home countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union writes in the filing that helping advance the MPP could place the lives of migrants hoping to win asylum back into danger, which is \"something that they did not sign up to do when they decided to become asylum and refugee officers for the United States government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='More Immigration Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6172563-Former-US-Gov-Officials-Amicus-Brief.html\">In a separate friend-of-the-court brief \u003c/a>filed Wednesday as part of the same lawsuit, former U.S. officials, including Janet Napolitano, who served as secretary of Homeland Security in the Obama administration, and James Clapper, former U.S. director of national intelligence, write that the Trump program runs afoul of international commitments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Violating this obligation does more than place these particular migrants in harm's way — it threatens the foundation of the international refugee system, which depends on cooperation between countries that cannot be sustained in the face of flagrant violations under the MPP,\" the former federal officials write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue to the appeals court that there is \"no evidence\" that asylum-seekers pose a security risk to American citizens, nor is there any basis for the claim that migrants who apply for asylum are smuggling illegal drugs over the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge initially blocked the program, but in May, the 9th Circuit overruled the lower court and allowed the program to continue. The American Civil Liberties Union and other groups are challenging the policy that has sent many thousands of migrants back to Mexico since January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has long slammed what he calls catch-and-release policies, where migrants seeking asylum are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/18/658607385/as-caravan-of-migrants-heads-north-trump-threatens-to-close-southern-u-s-border\">released into the U.S.\u003c/a> while they wait for their immigration court hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filings come as Trump officials push Congress to pass $4.6 billion in aid to address humanitarian problems at the border. The Republican-led Senate \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/26/736337435/senate-passes-4-6-billion-emergency-border-funding-bill-signalling-battle-with-h\">passed a bill\u003c/a> on Wednesday that is a version of the emergency border aid bill passed by the House. The bill advanced the same day lawmakers in Washington fielded questions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/26/736177694/a-father-and-daughter-drowned-at-the-border-put-attention-on-immigration\">about a disturbing photo\u003c/a> of a drowned father and daughter. The pair are face-down, having died attempting to cross the Rio Grande, fleeing poverty in El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Trump continues to crack down on border crossings, the flow of migrants across the country's southern border has not slowed. In fact, migration has accelerated recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May alone, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\">according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>, the number of apprehensions along the U.S.-Mexico border exceeded 144,000, the highest one-month total in more than a decade. Many of the migrants are escaping violence and poverty in Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6174089-Local-1924-Amicus-Brief\" notes=\"true\" text=\"true\" search=\"true\" sidebar=\"true\" pdf=\"true\" responsive=\"true\" page=\"1\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The labor union for federal asylum officers is condemning President Trump's policy of sending migrants to Mexico as they wait for their assigned court dates in the U.S., calling the Trump administration's program \"fundamentally contrary to the moral fabric of our Nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asylum officers, who are tasked with carrying out a policy widely known as \"Remain in Mexico,\" said they have a duty \"to protect vulnerable asylum seekers from persecution,\" claiming that Trump's policy creates a conflict between their professional responsibility and the president's directives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy formally known as the Migrant Protection Protocols is a \"widespread violation\" of international and domestic law, the asylum workers' union wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[The Migrant Protection Protocols program] violates our Nation's longstanding tradition and international treaty and domestic obligation not to return those fleeing persecution to a territory where they will be persecuted,\" the union, the American Federation of Government Employees Local 1924, wrote to the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6172520-Local-1924-Amicus-Brief.html\">in an amicus brief filing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is significant and unusual for a sitting president's own federal workers to publicly criticize a policy they have been directed to follow. The asylum officers say the MPP program undercuts a core part of their job and may endanger the lives of asylum-seekers, so the officers are asking the federal appeals court to halt the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The MPP, contrary to the Administration's claim, does nothing to streamline the process, but instead increases the burdens on our immigration courts and makes the system more inefficient,\" the federal workers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy does not allow for all migrants to be asked whether they fear persecution in Mexico, providing for that discussion only if the applicant raises it, the workers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, according to the filing, some migrants do have a reason to be uneasy about waiting in Mexico for their U.S. court hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union said human rights abuses, gang violence and kidnappings remain a problem in Mexico, citing a State Department report. In particular, migrants who are ethnic minorities could \"face persecution in Mexico that is similar to the persecution they face in their home countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union writes in the filing that helping advance the MPP could place the lives of migrants hoping to win asylum back into danger, which is \"something that they did not sign up to do when they decided to become asylum and refugee officers for the United States government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6172563-Former-US-Gov-Officials-Amicus-Brief.html\">In a separate friend-of-the-court brief \u003c/a>filed Wednesday as part of the same lawsuit, former U.S. officials, including Janet Napolitano, who served as secretary of Homeland Security in the Obama administration, and James Clapper, former U.S. director of national intelligence, write that the Trump program runs afoul of international commitments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Violating this obligation does more than place these particular migrants in harm's way — it threatens the foundation of the international refugee system, which depends on cooperation between countries that cannot be sustained in the face of flagrant violations under the MPP,\" the former federal officials write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They argue to the appeals court that there is \"no evidence\" that asylum-seekers pose a security risk to American citizens, nor is there any basis for the claim that migrants who apply for asylum are smuggling illegal drugs over the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge initially blocked the program, but in May, the 9th Circuit overruled the lower court and allowed the program to continue. The American Civil Liberties Union and other groups are challenging the policy that has sent many thousands of migrants back to Mexico since January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has long slammed what he calls catch-and-release policies, where migrants seeking asylum are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/18/658607385/as-caravan-of-migrants-heads-north-trump-threatens-to-close-southern-u-s-border\">released into the U.S.\u003c/a> while they wait for their immigration court hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filings come as Trump officials push Congress to pass $4.6 billion in aid to address humanitarian problems at the border. The Republican-led Senate \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/26/736337435/senate-passes-4-6-billion-emergency-border-funding-bill-signalling-battle-with-h\">passed a bill\u003c/a> on Wednesday that is a version of the emergency border aid bill passed by the House. The bill advanced the same day lawmakers in Washington fielded questions \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/26/736177694/a-father-and-daughter-drowned-at-the-border-put-attention-on-immigration\">about a disturbing photo\u003c/a> of a drowned father and daughter. The pair are face-down, having died attempting to cross the Rio Grande, fleeing poverty in El Salvador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Trump continues to crack down on border crossings, the flow of migrants across the country's southern border has not slowed. In fact, migration has accelerated recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May alone, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\">according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>, the number of apprehensions along the U.S.-Mexico border exceeded 144,000, the highest one-month total in more than a decade. Many of the migrants are escaping violence and poverty in Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why Facebook Won't Kick Off A Warlord",
"title": "Why Facebook Won't Kick Off A Warlord",
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"content": "\u003cp>In one Facebook post, he stands tall in yellow camouflage, decorated with badges. He promises he'll \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2325424304388344&id=1917751698488942\">increase the salaries of teachers\u003c/a> in Sudan. In another post, he hunches over a fire, \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/jkhgfy/photos/pcb.375368636255242/375368606255245/?type=3&source=49\">cooking food with locals\u003c/a>. And in another, published days after he oversaw a bloodbath, he's \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/pg/www.rsf.gov.sd/posts/?ref=page_internal&mt_nav=0\">standing on top of his jeep\u003c/a>, brimming with joy as throngs of men, women and children dance around him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, better known as Hemeti, is a social media personality. He is also the leader of the Rapid Support Forces — the paramilitary group that attacked thousands of pro-democracy protesters this month, leaving more than 100 dead. This is a bit of a second act for Hemeti, who also served time with the Janjaweed, the militia group considered responsible for the genocide in Darfur about 15 years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/05/14/man-who-terrorized-darfur-is-leading-sudans-supposed-transition-hemeti-rsf-janjaweed-bashir-khartoum/\">according to Foreign Policy magazine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11664645,news_11702239,news_11746028\"]On Facebook, multiple pages promote Hemeti as a formidable yet kind authority figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudanese activists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/facebook-we-ask-facebook-to-remove-the-rapid-support-forces-militia-pages\">petitioned Facebook \u003c/a>to remove Hemeti and his extremist group from the platform. But the tech giant says it cannot take action because Hemeti is now second in command in Sudan's transitional government. Even if he is a warlord, Facebook leaders reason, he may be a state actor. The company is reluctant to make decisions that either anoint or knock down government officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict in Sudan is just the latest example of Facebook's chronic uncertainty over how to wield its vast power in volatile regions where lives are at stake — while also shielding itself from the charge that the private company is simply too powerful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massacre that has put Facebook in the hot seat this time happened on June 3, the last day of Ramadan, among the holiest of days for Muslims. RSF soldiers led the attack, along with police and some special forces, using live ammunition, tear gas, whips and sticks to raid a months-long sit-in in Sudan's largest city and capital, Khartoum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health workers on the ground say more than 100 people were killed. Those responsible tried to conceal the carnage by dumping the bodies into the Nile River. Humanitarian groups charge the junta's footmen raped women too, and point to pictures of RSF troops flaunting female underwear on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The African Union\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AU_PSD/status/1136596052088373248\"> suspended Sudan\u003c/a> in response to the killings. Amnesty International called it a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/06/sudan-remove-rapid-support-forces-from-khartoum-streets-immediately/\">horrific slaughter\u003c/a>.\" Sudan's transitional government admitted to ordering the attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside hero=\"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/04/05/rts2fcxx-031b223a98520979c77abaa3295ef4a04408dc4d-s1500-c85.jpg\" link1=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/05/710313380/facebooks-ban-on-white-extremism-comes-amid-international-pressure,With Facebook Ban On White Extremism, International Norms Apply To U.S.\"] Facebook is \"giving a pulpit to what is essentially a terrorist organization,\" says Ahmed el-Gaili, a Sudanese attorney who practices international law and is based in Dubai. \"You cannot give a forum to an organization that has committed such crimes, even if all they are posting are pictures of cats and dogs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has a track record of banning extremists who have come under fire in the U.S. The company recently expanded its definition of hate speech to include \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2019/03/standing-against-hate/\">white nationalism\u003c/a>. Multiple Sudanese activists said they find it baffling that the company would ban far-right activists like Alex Jones, and yet allow a paramilitary leader like Hemeti to use the platform as his propaganda machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, reactive changes in policy are the norm at Facebook, and they probably haven't felt enough pressure yet on Sudan,\" says Susan Benesch, director of the Dangerous Speech Project, which tracks extremist content online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has a different explanation. Company leaders do not dispute Hemeti's track record as a warlord. But his position has changed over the years. He's moved from the fringes of Sudanese society into Sudan's main political circles. He was appointed second-in-command of a transitional government that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/11/712105501/sudans-military-says-it-has-taken-control-and-arrested-president-omar-al-bashir\">ousted dictator Omar al-Bashir\u003c/a> earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Brian Fishman, a Facebook spokesman who leads efforts to track dangerous organizations, different rules apply to state actors and non-state actors. The company has \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/11/hard-questions-are-we-winning-the-war-on-terrorism-online/\">artificial intelligence\u003c/a> designed to identify and deplatform (or boot) groups that may be affiliated with ISIS, for example. Even if certain posts might seem innocuous, they're banned because their activities in the real world are harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the questionable Facebook user also represents the state, and is not explicitly breaking speech rules set by the company, Facebook is hesitant to intervene. The international community is already worried about the company's inordinate power to publish and censor the speech of more than 2 billion people. If Facebook bans a government official, Fishman says, that could make other governments even more wary of the Silicon Valley giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg has talked openly about the expectation that social media companies should protect society \"from broader harms\" by censoring or banning content. He is calling for a new independent body to be created to take on these decisions. \"I've come to believe that we shouldn't make so many important decisions about speech on our own,\" Zuckerberg explained in a\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/mark-zuckerberg-the-internet-needs-new-rules-lets-start-in-these-four-areas/2019/03/29/9e6f0504-521a-11e9-a3f7-78b7525a8d5f_story.html?utm_term=.4956a850e24b\"> Washington Post op-ed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More Reporting on Facebook\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11744873/facebook-bans-alex-jones-louis-farrakhan-and-other-dangerous-individuals,Facebook Bans Alex Jones, Louis Farrakhan and Other 'Dangerous' Individuals\" link2=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/14/619488792/activists-in-myanmar-say-facebook-needs-to-do-more-to-quell-hate-speech,Activists In Myanmar Say Facebook Needs To Do More To Quell Hate Speech\"]His remarks came after his company acknowledged its slow response to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/technology/myanmar-facebook-genocide.html\">genocide in Myanmar\u003c/a>. Civil society and human rights organizations in that country reached out to Facebook as early as 2014, asking repeatedly for the platform to intervene as extremist leaders built their social media personalities, and later moved beyond propaganda to incite violence against the Rohingya Muslim population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Facebook ignored the warnings,\" says Michael Lwin, a technologist and lawyer based in Myanmar. The problem in that country was not that Facebook didn't know that its platform was being used for propaganda, Lwin says. It's that the company didn't act despite knowing. The company kept a handful of Burmese-language human reviewers based in Singapore, he says, who didn't understand the local context and reached out to local civil society groups infrequently and reactively. \"There are commonalities in how this story unfolds,\" Lwin adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is one of the world's largest companies. Its revenue topped $15 billion in the\u003ca href=\"https://investor.fb.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2019/Facebook-Reports-First-Quarter-2019-Results/default.aspx\"> first quarter of this year\u003c/a>. Facebook does not have an office in Sudan. But spokesman Fishman says a team is tracking the situation on the ground and they've made substantial investments in hiring Arabic-speaking content reviewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before the Khartoum massacre, one paramilitary page on Facebook featured a video in which critics of the pro-democracy sit-in \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1355542914587526&id=334006730074488&anchor_composer=false\">claimed it was failing\u003c/a>. In the days after, the RSF said on Facebook that it was acting in the\u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=845411049166853&id=270627816645182\"> interest of the country\u003c/a>, and that activist groups lacked patriotism. In another, it took credit for\u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2342676305996477&id=1917751698488942\"> bringing stability\u003c/a> to Darfur and securing the Sudanese borders against illegal immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these military leaders use Facebook to promote their message, they've cut off Internet access to the rest of the country, imposing a digital blackout and citing security reasons. Sudanese citizens who had relied on Messenger, WhatsApp and Instagram (all owned by Facebook) to publicize meeting dates, post footage of human rights abuses or message each other are not able to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It bothers me a lot,\" says Mohamed Suliman, an expat based in the U.S. He helped launch the \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/facebook-we-ask-facebook-to-remove-the-rapid-support-forces-militia-pages\">online petition\u003c/a> after Facebook failed to respond to his and other users' requests to take down Hemeti's pages. \"It's like every day, you see the one who killed your sister, who raped innocent women, being promoted as the leader. And the people he's attacking cannot speak,\" Salih said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Editor's note:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem> Facebook is among NPR's recent sponsors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Facebook banned far-right extremist Alex Jones. But it won't remove from the platform the warlord Lt. Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, even though he oversaw the killing of more than 100 people in Sudan. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In one Facebook post, he stands tall in yellow camouflage, decorated with badges. He promises he'll \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2325424304388344&id=1917751698488942\">increase the salaries of teachers\u003c/a> in Sudan. In another post, he hunches over a fire, \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/jkhgfy/photos/pcb.375368636255242/375368606255245/?type=3&source=49\">cooking food with locals\u003c/a>. And in another, published days after he oversaw a bloodbath, he's \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/pg/www.rsf.gov.sd/posts/?ref=page_internal&mt_nav=0\">standing on top of his jeep\u003c/a>, brimming with joy as throngs of men, women and children dance around him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, better known as Hemeti, is a social media personality. He is also the leader of the Rapid Support Forces — the paramilitary group that attacked thousands of pro-democracy protesters this month, leaving more than 100 dead. This is a bit of a second act for Hemeti, who also served time with the Janjaweed, the militia group considered responsible for the genocide in Darfur about 15 years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/05/14/man-who-terrorized-darfur-is-leading-sudans-supposed-transition-hemeti-rsf-janjaweed-bashir-khartoum/\">according to Foreign Policy magazine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On Facebook, multiple pages promote Hemeti as a formidable yet kind authority figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudanese activists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/facebook-we-ask-facebook-to-remove-the-rapid-support-forces-militia-pages\">petitioned Facebook \u003c/a>to remove Hemeti and his extremist group from the platform. But the tech giant says it cannot take action because Hemeti is now second in command in Sudan's transitional government. Even if he is a warlord, Facebook leaders reason, he may be a state actor. The company is reluctant to make decisions that either anoint or knock down government officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict in Sudan is just the latest example of Facebook's chronic uncertainty over how to wield its vast power in volatile regions where lives are at stake — while also shielding itself from the charge that the private company is simply too powerful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massacre that has put Facebook in the hot seat this time happened on June 3, the last day of Ramadan, among the holiest of days for Muslims. RSF soldiers led the attack, along with police and some special forces, using live ammunition, tear gas, whips and sticks to raid a months-long sit-in in Sudan's largest city and capital, Khartoum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health workers on the ground say more than 100 people were killed. Those responsible tried to conceal the carnage by dumping the bodies into the Nile River. Humanitarian groups charge the junta's footmen raped women too, and point to pictures of RSF troops flaunting female underwear on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The African Union\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AU_PSD/status/1136596052088373248\"> suspended Sudan\u003c/a> in response to the killings. Amnesty International called it a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/06/sudan-remove-rapid-support-forces-from-khartoum-streets-immediately/\">horrific slaughter\u003c/a>.\" Sudan's transitional government admitted to ordering the attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"link1": "https://www.npr.org/2019/04/05/710313380/facebooks-ban-on-white-extremism-comes-amid-international-pressure,With Facebook Ban On White Extremism, International Norms Apply To U.S.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Facebook is \"giving a pulpit to what is essentially a terrorist organization,\" says Ahmed el-Gaili, a Sudanese attorney who practices international law and is based in Dubai. \"You cannot give a forum to an organization that has committed such crimes, even if all they are posting are pictures of cats and dogs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has a track record of banning extremists who have come under fire in the U.S. The company recently expanded its definition of hate speech to include \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2019/03/standing-against-hate/\">white nationalism\u003c/a>. Multiple Sudanese activists said they find it baffling that the company would ban far-right activists like Alex Jones, and yet allow a paramilitary leader like Hemeti to use the platform as his propaganda machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, reactive changes in policy are the norm at Facebook, and they probably haven't felt enough pressure yet on Sudan,\" says Susan Benesch, director of the Dangerous Speech Project, which tracks extremist content online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has a different explanation. Company leaders do not dispute Hemeti's track record as a warlord. But his position has changed over the years. He's moved from the fringes of Sudanese society into Sudan's main political circles. He was appointed second-in-command of a transitional government that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/11/712105501/sudans-military-says-it-has-taken-control-and-arrested-president-omar-al-bashir\">ousted dictator Omar al-Bashir\u003c/a> earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Brian Fishman, a Facebook spokesman who leads efforts to track dangerous organizations, different rules apply to state actors and non-state actors. The company has \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/11/hard-questions-are-we-winning-the-war-on-terrorism-online/\">artificial intelligence\u003c/a> designed to identify and deplatform (or boot) groups that may be affiliated with ISIS, for example. Even if certain posts might seem innocuous, they're banned because their activities in the real world are harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the questionable Facebook user also represents the state, and is not explicitly breaking speech rules set by the company, Facebook is hesitant to intervene. The international community is already worried about the company's inordinate power to publish and censor the speech of more than 2 billion people. If Facebook bans a government official, Fishman says, that could make other governments even more wary of the Silicon Valley giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg has talked openly about the expectation that social media companies should protect society \"from broader harms\" by censoring or banning content. He is calling for a new independent body to be created to take on these decisions. \"I've come to believe that we shouldn't make so many important decisions about speech on our own,\" Zuckerberg explained in a\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/mark-zuckerberg-the-internet-needs-new-rules-lets-start-in-these-four-areas/2019/03/29/9e6f0504-521a-11e9-a3f7-78b7525a8d5f_story.html?utm_term=.4956a850e24b\"> Washington Post op-ed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"link1": "https://www.kqed.org/news/11744873/facebook-bans-alex-jones-louis-farrakhan-and-other-dangerous-individuals,Facebook Bans Alex Jones, Louis Farrakhan and Other 'Dangerous' Individuals",
"link2": "https://www.npr.org/2018/06/14/619488792/activists-in-myanmar-say-facebook-needs-to-do-more-to-quell-hate-speech,Activists In Myanmar Say Facebook Needs To Do More To Quell Hate Speech"
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>His remarks came after his company acknowledged its slow response to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/technology/myanmar-facebook-genocide.html\">genocide in Myanmar\u003c/a>. Civil society and human rights organizations in that country reached out to Facebook as early as 2014, asking repeatedly for the platform to intervene as extremist leaders built their social media personalities, and later moved beyond propaganda to incite violence against the Rohingya Muslim population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Facebook ignored the warnings,\" says Michael Lwin, a technologist and lawyer based in Myanmar. The problem in that country was not that Facebook didn't know that its platform was being used for propaganda, Lwin says. It's that the company didn't act despite knowing. The company kept a handful of Burmese-language human reviewers based in Singapore, he says, who didn't understand the local context and reached out to local civil society groups infrequently and reactively. \"There are commonalities in how this story unfolds,\" Lwin adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is one of the world's largest companies. Its revenue topped $15 billion in the\u003ca href=\"https://investor.fb.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2019/Facebook-Reports-First-Quarter-2019-Results/default.aspx\"> first quarter of this year\u003c/a>. Facebook does not have an office in Sudan. But spokesman Fishman says a team is tracking the situation on the ground and they've made substantial investments in hiring Arabic-speaking content reviewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before the Khartoum massacre, one paramilitary page on Facebook featured a video in which critics of the pro-democracy sit-in \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1355542914587526&id=334006730074488&anchor_composer=false\">claimed it was failing\u003c/a>. In the days after, the RSF said on Facebook that it was acting in the\u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=845411049166853&id=270627816645182\"> interest of the country\u003c/a>, and that activist groups lacked patriotism. In another, it took credit for\u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2342676305996477&id=1917751698488942\"> bringing stability\u003c/a> to Darfur and securing the Sudanese borders against illegal immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these military leaders use Facebook to promote their message, they've cut off Internet access to the rest of the country, imposing a digital blackout and citing security reasons. Sudanese citizens who had relied on Messenger, WhatsApp and Instagram (all owned by Facebook) to publicize meeting dates, post footage of human rights abuses or message each other are not able to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It bothers me a lot,\" says Mohamed Suliman, an expat based in the U.S. He helped launch the \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/facebook-we-ask-facebook-to-remove-the-rapid-support-forces-militia-pages\">online petition\u003c/a> after Facebook failed to respond to his and other users' requests to take down Hemeti's pages. \"It's like every day, you see the one who killed your sister, who raped innocent women, being promoted as the leader. And the people he's attacking cannot speak,\" Salih said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Editor's note:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem> Facebook is among NPR's recent sponsors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The House Democratic leadership pushed through a $4.5 billion emergency aid package late Tuesday to help thousands of migrants packed into overcrowded facilities at the U.S.-Mexico border, but it's unlikely to get a hearing in the Republican-controlled Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11754525,news_11757074,news_11757141,news_11752787\" label=\"The Border\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure passed by a 230-195 vote mostly along party lines, with House Speaker Nancy Pelosi tamping down a last-minute revolt by members of her party's progressive caucus who had sought, among other things, to ban private shelter contractors who failed to provide a basic level of food, hygiene items and medical care to migrants under their care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every member of this body has a sacred moral obligation to protect the human rights and the lives of vulnerable families, no matter who they are or from where they came,\" Pelosi said ahead of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill reportedly includes more than $1 billion to house and feed migrants detained by immigration authorities and almost $3 billion to care for unaccompanied children, according to The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But President Trump has threatened to veto the House measure, which was not expected to get much support among Senate Republicans either. The GOP has its own version of an emergency border aid bill that the administration reportedly backs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vote on the Senate bill is expected this week. The $4.6 billion Senate version includes $2.88 billion for the Department of Health and Human Services to address unaccompanied children. It also includes $50 million in additional funding to speed up processing in immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking on Tuesday, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said he hoped that House Democrats would instead take up the Senate plan. \"[T]hat's the best way to get the problem solved,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The House Democratic leadership pushed through a $4.5 billion emergency aid package late Tuesday to help thousands of migrants packed into overcrowded facilities at the U.S.-Mexico border, but it's unlikely to get a hearing in the Republican-controlled Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure passed by a 230-195 vote mostly along party lines, with House Speaker Nancy Pelosi tamping down a last-minute revolt by members of her party's progressive caucus who had sought, among other things, to ban private shelter contractors who failed to provide a basic level of food, hygiene items and medical care to migrants under their care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every member of this body has a sacred moral obligation to protect the human rights and the lives of vulnerable families, no matter who they are or from where they came,\" Pelosi said ahead of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill reportedly includes more than $1 billion to house and feed migrants detained by immigration authorities and almost $3 billion to care for unaccompanied children, according to The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But President Trump has threatened to veto the House measure, which was not expected to get much support among Senate Republicans either. The GOP has its own version of an emergency border aid bill that the administration reportedly backs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vote on the Senate bill is expected this week. The $4.6 billion Senate version includes $2.88 billion for the Department of Health and Human Services to address unaccompanied children. It also includes $50 million in additional funding to speed up processing in immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking on Tuesday, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said he hoped that House Democrats would instead take up the Senate plan. \"[T]hat's the best way to get the problem solved,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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