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"content": "\u003cp>California prison inmates who possess small amounts of marijuana are not guilty of a felony crime, a California appeals court ruled this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court reasoned that because it's legal to have small amounts of pot in the state, the same is true inside its prisons. But the justices also said it's still illegal to smoke or ingest cannabis in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling, from a panel of California's 3rd District Court of Appeal in Sacramento, overturns the convictions of five inmates who had been found guilty of possessing marijuana — convictions that added more prison time to their sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plain language of Proposition 64 is clear,\" a panel of three justices said, referring to the 2016 initiative legalizing recreational marijuana use. They concluded that \"possession of less than one ounce of cannabis in prison or a similar penal institution is not a felony.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11638056\"]In response to the ruling, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation emphasized that inmates are still banned from smoking or ingesting marijuana in its prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the court's decision is still under review, we want to be clear that drug use and sales within state prisons remains prohibited,\" said CDCR Press Secretary Vicky Waters. She added that the agency will \"evaluate this decision with an eye towards maintaining health and security within our institutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6153305/3rd-Court-Ruling-Cannabis-In-California-Prisons.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their conclusion that possessing cannabis does not constitute a felony, the court said prison authorities could still ban marijuana possession \"to maintain order and safety in the prisons and other penal institutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision was met with confusion among both prosecutors and criminal defense attorneys, even as some acknowledged that it is a step toward adjusting criminal law to reflect recreational marijuana's legal status in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're doing two years on a robbery, it does seem like a lot to have eight years added for possession of less than an ounce of marijuana,\" defense attorney Dan Olsen told Sacramento's \u003ca href=\"https://fox40.com/2019/06/13/pot-possession-in-prisons-approved-by-california-appeals-court/\">Fox 40 TV news\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 20-page opinion written by Presiding Justice Vance W. Raye, the appeals court said Attorney General Xavier Becerra's office \"takes a huge leap\" in arguing that possessing small amounts of marijuana is legally banned in prison, despite the sweeping and plainly stated changes to California's drug laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The argument flies in the face of the plain language of the statute and common sense,\" Raye wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices noted the unambiguous language of the state's marijuana law — which still bans using the drug under certain circumstances. They also agreed with the defendants' contention that while smoking or ingesting cannabis in prison is specifically prohibited, the law leaves the door open to other methods of using cannabis. Those methods, they added, could include vaping or applying topical oils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general's office had argued that the law resulted in an \"absurdity\" that would essentially legalize the use of a controlled substance in prisons and encourage drug smuggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But disagreeing with a drug policy decision isn't enough of a reason to declare that a law is absurd, the court said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"drug-laws\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question of law we review ... is whether the plain language of the statute leads to an absurd result. We conclude it does not,\" Raye wrote. \"A result is not absurd because the outcome may be unwise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra's office has not yet said whether it plans to appeal the ruling, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court also suggested that new legislation, or even a new referendum, could ease some of the confusion over marijuana policies in California prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remedy for clearly written language that achieves a dubious policy outcome is not judicial intervention but correction by the people or the Legislature,\" Raye wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California prison inmates who possess small amounts of marijuana are not guilty of a felony crime, a California appeals court ruled this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court reasoned that because it's legal to have small amounts of pot in the state, the same is true inside its prisons. But the justices also said it's still illegal to smoke or ingest cannabis in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling, from a panel of California's 3rd District Court of Appeal in Sacramento, overturns the convictions of five inmates who had been found guilty of possessing marijuana — convictions that added more prison time to their sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The plain language of Proposition 64 is clear,\" a panel of three justices said, referring to the 2016 initiative legalizing recreational marijuana use. They concluded that \"possession of less than one ounce of cannabis in prison or a similar penal institution is not a felony.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In response to the ruling, the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation emphasized that inmates are still banned from smoking or ingesting marijuana in its prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the court's decision is still under review, we want to be clear that drug use and sales within state prisons remains prohibited,\" said CDCR Press Secretary Vicky Waters. She added that the agency will \"evaluate this decision with an eye towards maintaining health and security within our institutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6153305/3rd-Court-Ruling-Cannabis-In-California-Prisons.pdf\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their conclusion that possessing cannabis does not constitute a felony, the court said prison authorities could still ban marijuana possession \"to maintain order and safety in the prisons and other penal institutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision was met with confusion among both prosecutors and criminal defense attorneys, even as some acknowledged that it is a step toward adjusting criminal law to reflect recreational marijuana's legal status in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're doing two years on a robbery, it does seem like a lot to have eight years added for possession of less than an ounce of marijuana,\" defense attorney Dan Olsen told Sacramento's \u003ca href=\"https://fox40.com/2019/06/13/pot-possession-in-prisons-approved-by-california-appeals-court/\">Fox 40 TV news\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 20-page opinion written by Presiding Justice Vance W. Raye, the appeals court said Attorney General Xavier Becerra's office \"takes a huge leap\" in arguing that possessing small amounts of marijuana is legally banned in prison, despite the sweeping and plainly stated changes to California's drug laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The argument flies in the face of the plain language of the statute and common sense,\" Raye wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices noted the unambiguous language of the state's marijuana law — which still bans using the drug under certain circumstances. They also agreed with the defendants' contention that while smoking or ingesting cannabis in prison is specifically prohibited, the law leaves the door open to other methods of using cannabis. Those methods, they added, could include vaping or applying topical oils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general's office had argued that the law resulted in an \"absurdity\" that would essentially legalize the use of a controlled substance in prisons and encourage drug smuggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But disagreeing with a drug policy decision isn't enough of a reason to declare that a law is absurd, the court said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question of law we review ... is whether the plain language of the statute leads to an absurd result. We conclude it does not,\" Raye wrote. \"A result is not absurd because the outcome may be unwise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra's office has not yet said whether it plans to appeal the ruling, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court also suggested that new legislation, or even a new referendum, could ease some of the confusion over marijuana policies in California prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remedy for clearly written language that achieves a dubious policy outcome is not judicial intervention but correction by the people or the Legislature,\" Raye wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "As Legal Battle Persists, Census Citizenship Question is Put to the Test",
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"content": "\u003cp>The courts have yet to issue their final word on whether the Trump administration can add a citizenship question to the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting Thursday, the Census Bureau is asking about a quarter million households in the U.S. to fill out questionnaires that include the question, \"Is this person a citizen of the United States?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forms are part of a last-minute, nine-week experiment the federal government is using to gauge how the public could react next year to census forms with the potential census question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"forum_2010101871397,news_11726656,news_11718397\" label=\"The Citizenship Question\"]Around 480,000 households in most parts of the U.S., except Puerto Rico and remote Alaska, have been randomly selected to complete one of two versions of a test census form — one \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6140275-2019-Census-Test-NSC-021319.html#document/p21/a505881\">with the citizenship question\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6140275-2019-Census-Test-NSC-021319.html#document/p13/a506801\">other without\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results, expected to be available this fall, will inform the bureau's upcoming advertising campaign for the 2020 census and plans for hiring door knockers to visit households that don't self-respond to the census. Test participants would still have to complete forms for next year's actual head count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau usually conducts similar field tests before making any changes to census forms. But Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who oversees the Census Bureau, approved adding the question before the bureau could test it on a form with the planned 2020 census questions. The lack of testing was among the \"smorgasbord\" of administrative law violations a federal judge in New York cited in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718397/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-remove-2020-census-citizenship-question\">ruling to block plans for the question\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a great deal of evidence that even small changes in survey question order, wording, and instructions can have significant, and often unexpected, consequences for the rate, quality, and truthfulness of response,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record.html#document/p1070/a506735\">six former Census Bureau directors wrote in a 2018 letter\u003c/a> expressing concern about the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4797159-Understanding-the-Quality-of-Alternative\">Previously released research\u003c/a> by the Census Bureau suggests the citizenship question is highly likely to scare households with noncitizens from taking part in the constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau declined NPR's request for an interview about what it's calling the \"2019 Census Test,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674107748/census-bureau-to-test-how-controversial-citizenship-question-affects-responses\">first announced late last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a written statement, the bureau's spokesperson, Michael Cook, said the test will allow the bureau to \"fine-tune\" its plans for the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a federal statistical agency, it is important to maintain a neutral testing environment so we are limiting certain details about the 2019 Census Test,\" Cook said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test's rollout comes as the wait continues for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726656/supreme-court-to-decide-if-2020-census-includes-citizenship-question\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a> on whether the Trump administration can proceed with adding a citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration says it wants to include the question to better protect the voting rights of racial minorities. But plaintiffs in one of the New York-based lawsuits over the question argue that administration officials have been concealing the real reason for the question. They allege that the documents of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101871397/trump-administration-added-citizenship-question-on-census-to-benefit-whites-according-to-new-memo\">a GOP redistricting strategist \u003c/a>show the administration was driven to use the question to politically benefit Republicans and non-Hispanic white people when new voting districts are drawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/12/732191078/citizenship-question-lawsuit-plaintiffs-ask-supreme-court-to-delay-ruling\">In a filing released Wednesday\u003c/a>, advocacy groups asked the Supreme Court to delay issuing that ruling because of the recently uncovered documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Terri Ann Lowenthal, a former staff director of the House oversight subcommittee for the census\"]\"This test represents, I think, a Hail Mary pass.\"[/pullquote]However, and whenever, the high court rules, the bureau will continue collecting responses for the census test by paper, online or over the phone through Aug. 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Census Bureau considers the information it will reveal to be valuable,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6151905-Responses-to-the-2019-Census-Test-Federal.html\">the bureau said in a written response\u003c/a> to calls to postpone the test from the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials and Asian Americans Advancing Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The timing of the census test risks setting up an awkward situation that could pose a public relations problem for the bureau. The Supreme Court could rule that the 2020 census cannot include a citizenship question while the Census Bureau continues asking around 240,000 households to complete test census forms with that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This test represents, I think, a Hail Mary pass,\" says Terri Ann Lowenthal, a former staff director of the House oversight subcommittee for the census who now consults on census issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowenthal, who has spoken out against the citizenship question, adds it is \"highly unusual\" for the bureau to carry out this test so close to the official start of the national head count. The 2020 census is set to begin in January in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/21/686963414/why-the-u-s-census-starts-in-alaskas-most-remote-rural-villages\">the most remote parts of Alaska\u003c/a>, and most U.S. households can start participating in mid-March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11752275,news_11744587\"]\"It tells me that the Census Bureau is greatly concerned about the potential consequences of a citizenship question on census operations,\" Lowenthal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/01/663061835/citizenship-question-may-be-major-barrier-to-2020-census-participation\">A 2018 national study by the bureau\u003c/a> found the question to be a \"major barrier\" to participation in the head count by every household in the country. That could have long-term implications on census numbers used to determine how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state receives, as well as to draw new voting districts after the head count. Census data also guide how an estimated $880 billion a year in federal funding are distributed for schools, roads and other public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike for the 2020 census, households who do not immediately return a completed census test form will not receive in-person visits from census workers, although the bureau is planning to send reminder postcards in the mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles and other immigrant advocate groups are expecting the test to touch off anxieties within immigrant communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of our community members quite honestly have never seen the census form or have never filled it out,\" says Esperanza Guevara, manager of CHIRLA's census outreach campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guevara says she and her colleagues are encouraging people to participate in the census, regardless of whether or not it includes a citizenship question. They emphasize that federal law prohibits the Census Bureau from releasing census responses identifying individuals until 72 years after they're collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's still some hesitancy sometimes in our community given that the Trump administration is certainly a wild card in a lot of senses and has been no friend of the immigrant community,\" Guevara adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6140275-2019-Census-Test-NSC-021319.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The courts have yet to issue their final word on whether the Trump administration can add a citizenship question to the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting Thursday, the Census Bureau is asking about a quarter million households in the U.S. to fill out questionnaires that include the question, \"Is this person a citizen of the United States?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forms are part of a last-minute, nine-week experiment the federal government is using to gauge how the public could react next year to census forms with the potential census question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Around 480,000 households in most parts of the U.S., except Puerto Rico and remote Alaska, have been randomly selected to complete one of two versions of a test census form — one \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6140275-2019-Census-Test-NSC-021319.html#document/p21/a505881\">with the citizenship question\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6140275-2019-Census-Test-NSC-021319.html#document/p13/a506801\">other without\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results, expected to be available this fall, will inform the bureau's upcoming advertising campaign for the 2020 census and plans for hiring door knockers to visit households that don't self-respond to the census. Test participants would still have to complete forms for next year's actual head count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau usually conducts similar field tests before making any changes to census forms. But Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, who oversees the Census Bureau, approved adding the question before the bureau could test it on a form with the planned 2020 census questions. The lack of testing was among the \"smorgasbord\" of administrative law violations a federal judge in New York cited in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718397/judge-orders-trump-administration-to-remove-2020-census-citizenship-question\">ruling to block plans for the question\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a great deal of evidence that even small changes in survey question order, wording, and instructions can have significant, and often unexpected, consequences for the rate, quality, and truthfulness of response,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record.html#document/p1070/a506735\">six former Census Bureau directors wrote in a 2018 letter\u003c/a> expressing concern about the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4797159-Understanding-the-Quality-of-Alternative\">Previously released research\u003c/a> by the Census Bureau suggests the citizenship question is highly likely to scare households with noncitizens from taking part in the constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau declined NPR's request for an interview about what it's calling the \"2019 Census Test,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674107748/census-bureau-to-test-how-controversial-citizenship-question-affects-responses\">first announced late last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a written statement, the bureau's spokesperson, Michael Cook, said the test will allow the bureau to \"fine-tune\" its plans for the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a federal statistical agency, it is important to maintain a neutral testing environment so we are limiting certain details about the 2019 Census Test,\" Cook said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test's rollout comes as the wait continues for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726656/supreme-court-to-decide-if-2020-census-includes-citizenship-question\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a> on whether the Trump administration can proceed with adding a citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration says it wants to include the question to better protect the voting rights of racial minorities. But plaintiffs in one of the New York-based lawsuits over the question argue that administration officials have been concealing the real reason for the question. They allege that the documents of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101871397/trump-administration-added-citizenship-question-on-census-to-benefit-whites-according-to-new-memo\">a GOP redistricting strategist \u003c/a>show the administration was driven to use the question to politically benefit Republicans and non-Hispanic white people when new voting districts are drawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/12/732191078/citizenship-question-lawsuit-plaintiffs-ask-supreme-court-to-delay-ruling\">In a filing released Wednesday\u003c/a>, advocacy groups asked the Supreme Court to delay issuing that ruling because of the recently uncovered documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\"This test represents, I think, a Hail Mary pass.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>However, and whenever, the high court rules, the bureau will continue collecting responses for the census test by paper, online or over the phone through Aug. 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Census Bureau considers the information it will reveal to be valuable,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6151905-Responses-to-the-2019-Census-Test-Federal.html\">the bureau said in a written response\u003c/a> to calls to postpone the test from the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials and Asian Americans Advancing Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The timing of the census test risks setting up an awkward situation that could pose a public relations problem for the bureau. The Supreme Court could rule that the 2020 census cannot include a citizenship question while the Census Bureau continues asking around 240,000 households to complete test census forms with that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This test represents, I think, a Hail Mary pass,\" says Terri Ann Lowenthal, a former staff director of the House oversight subcommittee for the census who now consults on census issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowenthal, who has spoken out against the citizenship question, adds it is \"highly unusual\" for the bureau to carry out this test so close to the official start of the national head count. The 2020 census is set to begin in January in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/21/686963414/why-the-u-s-census-starts-in-alaskas-most-remote-rural-villages\">the most remote parts of Alaska\u003c/a>, and most U.S. households can start participating in mid-March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"It tells me that the Census Bureau is greatly concerned about the potential consequences of a citizenship question on census operations,\" Lowenthal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/01/663061835/citizenship-question-may-be-major-barrier-to-2020-census-participation\">A 2018 national study by the bureau\u003c/a> found the question to be a \"major barrier\" to participation in the head count by every household in the country. That could have long-term implications on census numbers used to determine how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state receives, as well as to draw new voting districts after the head count. Census data also guide how an estimated $880 billion a year in federal funding are distributed for schools, roads and other public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike for the 2020 census, households who do not immediately return a completed census test form will not receive in-person visits from census workers, although the bureau is planning to send reminder postcards in the mail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles and other immigrant advocate groups are expecting the test to touch off anxieties within immigrant communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of our community members quite honestly have never seen the census form or have never filled it out,\" says Esperanza Guevara, manager of CHIRLA's census outreach campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guevara says she and her colleagues are encouraging people to participate in the census, regardless of whether or not it includes a citizenship question. They emphasize that federal law prohibits the Census Bureau from releasing census responses identifying individuals until 72 years after they're collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's still some hesitancy sometimes in our community given that the Trump administration is certainly a wild card in a lot of senses and has been no friend of the immigrant community,\" Guevara adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6140275-2019-Census-Test-NSC-021319.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Los Angeles County’s Santa Anita Park is standing firm against calls to cancel the rest of its racing season after the deaths of two more horses over the weekend, bringing the number of horses that have died at the track since December to 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a highly unusual move Saturday, the California Horse Racing Board asked the park to scuttle competition for the seven remaining race days to “provide the industry more time to fully implement announced safety initiatives and perhaps additional ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Previous Santa Anita Coverage\" tag=\"santa-anita-park\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But park owner The Stronach Group, along with the Thoroughbred Owners of California and California Thoroughbred Trainers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.santaanita.com/press-releases/horse-racing-industry-leaders-issue-statement-on-santa-anita-park/#.XP5EpiJKiUk\">released a joint statement\u003c/a> Sunday saying the racetrack will remain open until the season ends on June 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since wide-sweeping reforms have been instituted at Santa Anita, catastrophic injuries have dropped considerably compared to earlier this meet,” the statement said. “To be clear, there are no acceptable losses, and every day we work toward ending all serious injuries. But the reality is that our improvements and changes have been effective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Anita suspended racing for much of March, when the toll of horse deaths neared two dozen — twice the rate of the previous year — and as it worked to figure out why so many horses were dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before reopening on March 29, the park \u003ca href=\"https://www.santaanita.com/press-releases/the-stronach-group-thoroughbred-owners-of-california-reach-historic-agreement-to-improve-horse-safety-welfare-and-integrity-of-horse-racing-in-california/#.XP5RESJKiUk\">announced a series of changes\u003c/a> it planned to implement, including limiting the use of pain or anti-inflammatory medications and treatment for horses and improving early detection of pre-existing health conditions. Santa Anita had already pledged to bring in outside experts on a regular basis to review its dirt, turf and synthetic course surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park says those moves have already reduced catastrophic injuries “by 50 percent in racing and by more than 84 percent in training.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the park reopened, seven more horses have died there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, a horse named Formal Dude was euthanized after “taking a bad step” in a mile race, \u003ca href=\"https://www.equibase.com/premium/chartEmb.cfm?track=SA&raceDate=06/08/2019&cy=USA&rn=10\">according to\u003c/a> the official race chart. An examination revealed a fractured pelvis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.drf.com/news/maiden-claimer-formal-dude-euthanized-due-pelvis-injury?type=news/all-news\">reports The Daily Racing Form\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the death of the 4-year-old gelding, the state Horse Racing Board issued a recommendation Saturday that Santa Anita “suspend racing for the seven remaining race days but that they allow horses to continue to train during that period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Anita issued its refusal on Sunday. That same day saw another horse fatality: Truffalino pulled up during the third race of the day, and the jockey \u003ca href=\"https://www.equibase.com/premium/chartEmb.cfm?track=SA&raceDate=06/09/2019&cy=USA&rn=3\">dismounted \u003c/a>just before the 3-year-old filly collapsed. The horse died of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.drf.com/news/filly-dies-apparent-heart-attack-santa-anita-hours-after-chrb-requests-track-cut-its-meet-short?type=news/all-news\">suspected heart attack\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, the California Horse Racing Board said it “does not have the authority to suspend a race meet or remove race dates from a current race meet without the approval of the race track operator or without holding a public meeting with ten days public notice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time Santa Anita suspended races in March, questions swirled about whether heavy Southern California rains and poor track conditions were causing the horse injuries and deaths. But other experts weren’t so sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no obvious answer. So every question is being asked: Is it the surface? Is it the horses that are running on the surface?” Rick Baedeker, executive director of the California Horse Racing Board, told \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/07/701248650/what-we-know-about-the-deaths-of-21-horses-at-the-santa-anita-racetrack\">NPR’s All Things Considered\u003c/a> in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Racing has become more competitive over a period of time,” Rick Arthur, equine medical director at the School of Veterinary Medicine at UC Davis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/10/711726633/23-thoroughbred-deaths-force-santa-anita-to-change-will-the-racing-industry-foll\">told NPR’s Tom Goldman\u003c/a>. “Horses are worked faster and there are fewer horses to fit the slots that are available. So there’s more pressure on the horses to race more frequently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals says that horses, with their massive frames supported by spindly legs, simply aren’t built to withstand the rigors of training and racing. The organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-in-entertainment/animals-used-entertainment-factsheets/horseracing-industry-drugs-deception-death/\">notes \u003c/a>that injuries such as strained tendons or hairline fractures can be difficult to diagnose before a horse is run again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PETA has called for a nationwide suspension of racing until greater safety measures are put in place. “Trainers, owners, and veterinarians have recklessly controlled racing and imperiled horses for too long, and those days must come to an end,” PETA Senior Vice President Kathy Guillermo said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while just a handful of race days remain this season, Santa Anita is set to host the prestigious Breeders’ Cup \u003ca href=\"https://www.breederscup.com/article/tickets-2019-breeders-cup-world-championships-santa-anita-park-go-sale-march-4\">in November\u003c/a>. Amid the spate of horse deaths, according to the Los Angeles Times, the Breeders’ Cup committee is considering moving the event to Churchill Downs in Kentucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Santa+Anita+Park+Resists+Call+To+Suspend+Racing+After+2+More+Horses+Die&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But park owner The Stronach Group, along with the Thoroughbred Owners of California and California Thoroughbred Trainers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.santaanita.com/press-releases/horse-racing-industry-leaders-issue-statement-on-santa-anita-park/#.XP5EpiJKiUk\">released a joint statement\u003c/a> Sunday saying the racetrack will remain open until the season ends on June 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since wide-sweeping reforms have been instituted at Santa Anita, catastrophic injuries have dropped considerably compared to earlier this meet,” the statement said. “To be clear, there are no acceptable losses, and every day we work toward ending all serious injuries. But the reality is that our improvements and changes have been effective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Anita suspended racing for much of March, when the toll of horse deaths neared two dozen — twice the rate of the previous year — and as it worked to figure out why so many horses were dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before reopening on March 29, the park \u003ca href=\"https://www.santaanita.com/press-releases/the-stronach-group-thoroughbred-owners-of-california-reach-historic-agreement-to-improve-horse-safety-welfare-and-integrity-of-horse-racing-in-california/#.XP5RESJKiUk\">announced a series of changes\u003c/a> it planned to implement, including limiting the use of pain or anti-inflammatory medications and treatment for horses and improving early detection of pre-existing health conditions. Santa Anita had already pledged to bring in outside experts on a regular basis to review its dirt, turf and synthetic course surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park says those moves have already reduced catastrophic injuries “by 50 percent in racing and by more than 84 percent in training.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the park reopened, seven more horses have died there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, a horse named Formal Dude was euthanized after “taking a bad step” in a mile race, \u003ca href=\"https://www.equibase.com/premium/chartEmb.cfm?track=SA&raceDate=06/08/2019&cy=USA&rn=10\">according to\u003c/a> the official race chart. An examination revealed a fractured pelvis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.drf.com/news/maiden-claimer-formal-dude-euthanized-due-pelvis-injury?type=news/all-news\">reports The Daily Racing Form\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the death of the 4-year-old gelding, the state Horse Racing Board issued a recommendation Saturday that Santa Anita “suspend racing for the seven remaining race days but that they allow horses to continue to train during that period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Anita issued its refusal on Sunday. That same day saw another horse fatality: Truffalino pulled up during the third race of the day, and the jockey \u003ca href=\"https://www.equibase.com/premium/chartEmb.cfm?track=SA&raceDate=06/09/2019&cy=USA&rn=3\">dismounted \u003c/a>just before the 3-year-old filly collapsed. The horse died of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.drf.com/news/filly-dies-apparent-heart-attack-santa-anita-hours-after-chrb-requests-track-cut-its-meet-short?type=news/all-news\">suspected heart attack\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, the California Horse Racing Board said it “does not have the authority to suspend a race meet or remove race dates from a current race meet without the approval of the race track operator or without holding a public meeting with ten days public notice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time Santa Anita suspended races in March, questions swirled about whether heavy Southern California rains and poor track conditions were causing the horse injuries and deaths. But other experts weren’t so sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no obvious answer. So every question is being asked: Is it the surface? Is it the horses that are running on the surface?” Rick Baedeker, executive director of the California Horse Racing Board, told \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/07/701248650/what-we-know-about-the-deaths-of-21-horses-at-the-santa-anita-racetrack\">NPR’s All Things Considered\u003c/a> in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Racing has become more competitive over a period of time,” Rick Arthur, equine medical director at the School of Veterinary Medicine at UC Davis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/10/711726633/23-thoroughbred-deaths-force-santa-anita-to-change-will-the-racing-industry-foll\">told NPR’s Tom Goldman\u003c/a>. “Horses are worked faster and there are fewer horses to fit the slots that are available. So there’s more pressure on the horses to race more frequently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals says that horses, with their massive frames supported by spindly legs, simply aren’t built to withstand the rigors of training and racing. The organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.peta.org/issues/animals-in-entertainment/animals-used-entertainment-factsheets/horseracing-industry-drugs-deception-death/\">notes \u003c/a>that injuries such as strained tendons or hairline fractures can be difficult to diagnose before a horse is run again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PETA has called for a nationwide suspension of racing until greater safety measures are put in place. “Trainers, owners, and veterinarians have recklessly controlled racing and imperiled horses for too long, and those days must come to an end,” PETA Senior Vice President Kathy Guillermo said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while just a handful of race days remain this season, Santa Anita is set to host the prestigious Breeders’ Cup \u003ca href=\"https://www.breederscup.com/article/tickets-2019-breeders-cup-world-championships-santa-anita-park-go-sale-march-4\">in November\u003c/a>. Amid the spate of horse deaths, according to the Los Angeles Times, the Breeders’ Cup committee is considering moving the event to Churchill Downs in Kentucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Santa+Anita+Park+Resists+Call+To+Suspend+Racing+After+2+More+Horses+Die&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "1 Billion Acres at Risk for Catastrophic Wildfires, U.S. Forest Service Warns",
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"content": "\u003cp>The chief of the U.S. Forest Service is warning that a billion acres of land across America are at risk of catastrophic wildfires like last fall's deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/camp-fire\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> that destroyed most of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we head into summer, with smoke already drifting into the Northwest from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/04/world/alberta-wildfires-evacuations/index.html\">wildfires in Alberta\u003c/a>, Canada, Vicki Christiansen said wildfires are now a year-round phenomenon. She pointed to the hazardous conditions in forests that result from a history of suppression of wildfires, rampant home development in high-risk places and the changing climate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you look nationwide there's not any place that we're really at a fire \u003cem>season.\u003c/em> Fire season is not an appropriate term anymore,\" Christiansen said in an interview with NPR at the agency's headquarters in Washington. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752448\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1366\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11752448\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vicki Christiansen, the chief of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service, sits in her office in Washington, D.C. \u003ccite>(Shuran Huang/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Christiansen heads the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service. The agency is the nation's lead firefighting apparatus. It's trying to prioritize treatments such as thinning, brush clearing and prescribed burning on 80 million acres of its own land, mostly in the West. (Her billion acre estimate includes land across multiple federal, state and local jurisdictions as well as private land.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our national priority is to improve the condition of our nation's forests and grasslands,\" Christiansen said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1941685,science_1941376,science_1942384,science_1942299\" label=\"Fighting Fire\"]In line with a controversial Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/eo-promoting-active-management-americas-forests-rangelands-federal-lands-improve-conditions-reduce-wildfire-risk/\">executive order\u003c/a> pushing for \"active forest management,\" the agency was directed to treat 3.5 million acres this year alone, though it's behind target because of weather and administrative holdups. Part of the administration policy has also included an attempt to ramp up commercial logging on federal lands, an objective that conservation groups say will not reduce fire risk, unlike clearing of the smaller diameter wood that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/29/642955787/will-more-logging-save-western-forests-from-wildfires\">timber industry has so far found little market for\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christiansen defends what she calls an all-of-the-above approach. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are certainly focused on the timber outputs, but that is only one of the critical measures,\" she says. \"We are tracking with laser focus our hazardous fuels reduction and our watershed health and restoration as well.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christiansen's comments follow one of the worst wildfire seasons in U.S. history last year. Wildfires in Northern California destroyed parts of whole cities and killed nearly 100 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the push for more mitigation under Christiansen, the Forest Service is predicting it could spend upward of $2.5 billion just fighting fires this year alone. The agency was budgeted $1.7 billion and will likely again have to transfer money from existing forest management and fire mitigation programs to cover the difference, a paradoxical problem that won't end until \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2018/03/23/secretary-perdue-applauds-fire-funding-fix-omnibus\">reforms kick in next year\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The chief of the U.S. Forest Service is warning that a billion acres of land across America are at risk of catastrophic wildfires like last fall's deadly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/camp-fire\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> that destroyed most of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we head into summer, with smoke already drifting into the Northwest from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/04/world/alberta-wildfires-evacuations/index.html\">wildfires in Alberta\u003c/a>, Canada, Vicki Christiansen said wildfires are now a year-round phenomenon. She pointed to the hazardous conditions in forests that result from a history of suppression of wildfires, rampant home development in high-risk places and the changing climate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you look nationwide there's not any place that we're really at a fire \u003cem>season.\u003c/em> Fire season is not an appropriate term anymore,\" Christiansen said in an interview with NPR at the agency's headquarters in Washington. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11752448\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1366\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11752448\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/2019-06-03-forestservice-shuang-2_custom-b9452579d5ded818c200f5ca7bc880106ea56a2b-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vicki Christiansen, the chief of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service, sits in her office in Washington, D.C. \u003ccite>(Shuran Huang/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Christiansen heads the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service. The agency is the nation's lead firefighting apparatus. It's trying to prioritize treatments such as thinning, brush clearing and prescribed burning on 80 million acres of its own land, mostly in the West. (Her billion acre estimate includes land across multiple federal, state and local jurisdictions as well as private land.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our national priority is to improve the condition of our nation's forests and grasslands,\" Christiansen said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In line with a controversial Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/eo-promoting-active-management-americas-forests-rangelands-federal-lands-improve-conditions-reduce-wildfire-risk/\">executive order\u003c/a> pushing for \"active forest management,\" the agency was directed to treat 3.5 million acres this year alone, though it's behind target because of weather and administrative holdups. Part of the administration policy has also included an attempt to ramp up commercial logging on federal lands, an objective that conservation groups say will not reduce fire risk, unlike clearing of the smaller diameter wood that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/29/642955787/will-more-logging-save-western-forests-from-wildfires\">timber industry has so far found little market for\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christiansen defends what she calls an all-of-the-above approach. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are certainly focused on the timber outputs, but that is only one of the critical measures,\" she says. \"We are tracking with laser focus our hazardous fuels reduction and our watershed health and restoration as well.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christiansen's comments follow one of the worst wildfire seasons in U.S. history last year. Wildfires in Northern California destroyed parts of whole cities and killed nearly 100 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the push for more mitigation under Christiansen, the Forest Service is predicting it could spend upward of $2.5 billion just fighting fires this year alone. The agency was budgeted $1.7 billion and will likely again have to transfer money from existing forest management and fire mitigation programs to cover the difference, a paradoxical problem that won't end until \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2018/03/23/secretary-perdue-applauds-fire-funding-fix-omnibus\">reforms kick in next year\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "White House's About-Face on Mexican Trade a 'Gut Punch' to U.S. Businesses",
"title": "White House's About-Face on Mexican Trade a 'Gut Punch' to U.S. Businesses",
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"content": "\u003cp>Companies with supply chains straddling the U.S. Southern border find themselves in the crosshairs of a new threat after President Trump pledged to raise tariffs on imports from Mexico. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last week, business leaders thought that trade disputes with Mexico and Canada were nearly resolved after the Trump administration sought congressional approval of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=“medium” align=”right” citation=\"Ann Wilson, Motor and Equipment Manufacturers Association\"]'Manufacturers flourish in this country when they have certainty. Now we have a real question about whether that certainty even exists.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just did not see this coming,\" says Ann Wilson, senior vice president of government affairs for the Motor & Equipment Manufacturers Association. \"Manufacturers flourish in this country when they have certainty. Now we have a real question about whether that certainty even exists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson says her industry was relieved last month when the administration lifted tariffs on steel and aluminum from Mexico and Canada. Now, it's all back in flux. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has pledged to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/04/729564109/mexico-tariffs-likely-to-take-effect-next-week-trump-vows-in-london\">raise tariffs on all Mexican products\u003c/a> — starting at 5% next week and rising to 25% by October. Wilson says higher tariffs would increase supply costs and hurt car sales, a double whammy. Taken together, uncertainty over trade has been a drag on the U.S. economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear what the latest tariff threats will mean for passage of the president's own trade proposal to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement. Trump is using the threats to try to force Mexico to address illegal migration, but businesses say tariffs would hurt both countries' economies and would be counterproductive. And Mexico might impose \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/03/729402832/mexican-government-privately-warns-trump-administration-of-counter-tariffs\">its own tariffs\u003c/a> on American products. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auto-parts makers — and many other industries that are closely intertwined with Mexico — are reeling from what seems like a sudden about-face by the Trump administration. Clothing prices already spiked after the administration raised tariffs on imports from China by 25%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Lamar, executive vice president of the American Apparel & Footwear Association, says he was on the phone with White House officials discussing the trade deal when he heard about the new tariff threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was literally at the same time,\" he says. \"It does come as a gut punch in the efforts of those who are trying to get USMCA approved.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, Lamar says, tariffs have become too unpredictable. \"It is a surreal — [and] in some cases existential — crisis that every day or every couple of days these companies come into work and find that their product may be subject to additional taxes,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, businesses such as clothing manufacturers have months to adapt to tariffs and can optimize their supply chains down to the last button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Tariffs and Trade Wars\" tag=\"trade-war\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David French, senior vice president of government relations at the National Retail Federation, calls this \"tariff engineering.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Where a pocket is located, what kinds of trim are attached, whether it's button or snaps — all of these things might enter into the kinds of decisions that go into tariff engineering,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when decisions on tariffs turn on a dime, it's hard to plan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the challenge for Chris Miller, whose job involves vetting and buying meats, cheeses, seafood and produce sold at Mom's Organic Market, a grocery chain based in Rockville, Md.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the season, the produce aisle relies heavily on imports of Mexican avocados, tomatoes, cucumbers and stone fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When the Mexican season is in for a lot of these items, that is the primary source,\" Miller says. He says new tariffs on Mexico would drive up prices on imports from other countries, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the market goes up as a result of the tariffs, then — in my experience — the Canadian market will most likely follow,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This already happened with frozen fish. Prices increased everywhere after the U.S. raised tariffs on imports from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mom's Organic gets a much wider range of goods from Mexico, so Miller says he isn't sure how consumers might react to the new tariffs — or what the impact on his sales might be. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=White+House%27s+About-Face+On+Mexican+Trade+A+%27Gut+Punch%27+To+U.S.+Businesses+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Companies with supply chains straddling the U.S. Southern border find themselves in the crosshairs of a new threat after President Trump pledged to raise tariffs on imports from Mexico. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last week, business leaders thought that trade disputes with Mexico and Canada were nearly resolved after the Trump administration sought congressional approval of the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just did not see this coming,\" says Ann Wilson, senior vice president of government affairs for the Motor & Equipment Manufacturers Association. \"Manufacturers flourish in this country when they have certainty. Now we have a real question about whether that certainty even exists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson says her industry was relieved last month when the administration lifted tariffs on steel and aluminum from Mexico and Canada. Now, it's all back in flux. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has pledged to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/04/729564109/mexico-tariffs-likely-to-take-effect-next-week-trump-vows-in-london\">raise tariffs on all Mexican products\u003c/a> — starting at 5% next week and rising to 25% by October. Wilson says higher tariffs would increase supply costs and hurt car sales, a double whammy. Taken together, uncertainty over trade has been a drag on the U.S. economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear what the latest tariff threats will mean for passage of the president's own trade proposal to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement. Trump is using the threats to try to force Mexico to address illegal migration, but businesses say tariffs would hurt both countries' economies and would be counterproductive. And Mexico might impose \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/03/729402832/mexican-government-privately-warns-trump-administration-of-counter-tariffs\">its own tariffs\u003c/a> on American products. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auto-parts makers — and many other industries that are closely intertwined with Mexico — are reeling from what seems like a sudden about-face by the Trump administration. Clothing prices already spiked after the administration raised tariffs on imports from China by 25%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Lamar, executive vice president of the American Apparel & Footwear Association, says he was on the phone with White House officials discussing the trade deal when he heard about the new tariff threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was literally at the same time,\" he says. \"It does come as a gut punch in the efforts of those who are trying to get USMCA approved.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, Lamar says, tariffs have become too unpredictable. \"It is a surreal — [and] in some cases existential — crisis that every day or every couple of days these companies come into work and find that their product may be subject to additional taxes,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, businesses such as clothing manufacturers have months to adapt to tariffs and can optimize their supply chains down to the last button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David French, senior vice president of government relations at the National Retail Federation, calls this \"tariff engineering.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Where a pocket is located, what kinds of trim are attached, whether it's button or snaps — all of these things might enter into the kinds of decisions that go into tariff engineering,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when decisions on tariffs turn on a dime, it's hard to plan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the challenge for Chris Miller, whose job involves vetting and buying meats, cheeses, seafood and produce sold at Mom's Organic Market, a grocery chain based in Rockville, Md.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the season, the produce aisle relies heavily on imports of Mexican avocados, tomatoes, cucumbers and stone fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When the Mexican season is in for a lot of these items, that is the primary source,\" Miller says. He says new tariffs on Mexico would drive up prices on imports from other countries, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the market goes up as a result of the tariffs, then — in my experience — the Canadian market will most likely follow,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This already happened with frozen fish. Prices increased everywhere after the U.S. raised tariffs on imports from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mom's Organic gets a much wider range of goods from Mexico, so Miller says he isn't sure how consumers might react to the new tariffs — or what the impact on his sales might be. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=White+House%27s+About-Face+On+Mexican+Trade+A+%27Gut+Punch%27+To+U.S.+Businesses+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "2020 Census Could Lead to Worst Undercount of Black, Latinx People in 30 Years",
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"content": "\u003cp>Challenges threatening the upcoming 2020 census could put more than 4 million people at risk of being missed in next year's national head count, according to \u003ca href=\"http://apps.urban.org/features/2020-census/\">new projections by the Urban Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan think tank found that the danger of an inaccurate census could hit some of the country's most difficult-to-count populations the hardest. Based on the institute's analysis, the 2020 census could lead to the worst undercount of black and Latino and Latina people in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/dmd/www/pdf/understate.pdf\">since 1990\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"census\" label=\"The 2020 Census\"]\"Miscounts of this magnitude will have real consequences for the next decade, including how we fund programs for children and invest in our infrastructure,\" says Diana Elliott, a senior research associate at the Urban Institute who co-wrote the report released Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, black residents could be undercounted by as much as 3.68%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That doesn't sound terribly high, but when you realize that that's 1.7 million people, that's a lot of people to be missed in the overall count,\" Elliott explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The institute also projects as many as 2.2 million (3.57%) Latinos and Latinas around the U.S. could be left out of the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children under the age of 5 — another hard-to-count group — also face an undercount as high as 6.31%, or about 1.3 million young children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these projections are based upon what the Urban Institute considers a \"high-risk\" scenario. Still, John Thompson, a former Census Bureau director who reviewed the report, says that these estimates \"may be a little bit on the conservative side.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could be as bad as 1990. It could be worse,\" Thompson says, raising concerns about the bureau's ability to encourage all households to take part in next year's constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A range of hurdles\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To produce these projections, researchers factored in a range of hurdles that could undermine the accuracy of the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They include the controversial question the Trump administration wants to add to forms for the 2020 census: \"Is this person a citizen of the United States?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"John Thompson, a former Census Bureau director\"]\"It could be as bad as 1990. It could be worse.\"[/pullquote]\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4797159-Understanding-the-Quality-of-Alternative\">Census Bureau researchers have warned\u003c/a> that including the citizenship question would very likely scare households with noncitizens from responding to the census. In a separate study, the bureau concluded the question was a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/01/663061835/citizenship-question-may-be-major-barrier-to-2020-census-participation\">major barrier\u003c/a>\" to full participation in the head count, especially at a time of increased immigration enforcement and rising anti-immigrant rhetoric around the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court is expected to rule by the end of June on whether the Trump administration can include the citizenship question. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/30/728232221/gop-redistricting-strategist-played-role-in-push-for-census-citizenship-question\">Newly disclosed documents\u003c/a> belonging to a major GOP redistricting strategist involved in the administration's push for the question are complicating the legal battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of how the court rules, the Urban Institute researchers say all of the public attention on the question has created a chilling effect on census participation among Latinx and immigrant groups — a factor they included in their projections for a \"high-risk\" scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also points out new ways of conducting the U.S. census that have not been thoroughly tested and could pose another risk to the count's accuracy. These methods include allowing all households to complete an online form and expanding the use of existing government records to help complete questionnaires for households that don't respond themselves. Uncertainty in funding in recent years has led the Census Bureau to cancel field tests for the 2020 census, including test runs designed for rural and Spanish-speaking areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11742099\"]\"Not only are these new additions insufficiently tested in a decennial census environment,\" write the report's authors, \"but the best evidence suggests they will disproportionately improve the count of those who are already easiest to count, leaving the hard-to-count population a lingering challenge.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"An incorrect vision\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among racial and ethnic groups, only white people are projected to be overcounted, while other groups are expected to see undercounts — including as high as 1.36% (or about 306,000 people) for Asians and Pacific Islanders and 2.12% (102,000 people) for American Indians and Alaska Natives nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the state level, these trends mean that states with more historically undercounted groups — including people of color and renters — are more likely to have inaccurate population counts in 2020. While California, Texas and Nevada face high undercount risks, states with older populations that are more likely to be white and owning homes — including Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and West Virginia – have the greatest potential for being overcounted, according to the institute's analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11744587\"]Whether it's an overcount or undercount, the concern is that political representation and federal funding will not be fairly shared after the 2020 census. The new population numbers will determine how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state gets, as well as guide the distribution of around $880 billion a year in federal tax dollars for schools, roads and other public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When it comes time to allocate resources,\" says Robert Santos, the Urban Institute's vice president and chief methodologist, about the consequences of an inaccurate census, \"you end up with an incorrect vision of where the population is and where the funding should go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their report's dire warning about potential undercounts, the Urban Institute's researchers emphasize there is still an opportunity to overcome these challenges by driving up public interest and participation in next year's count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is by no means a critique of the Census Bureau,\" says Elliott, who once worked at the bureau as a demographer. \"The Census Bureau is increasingly asked to do more with less, and as we see, it's more and more of a challenge to count the nation's population with every passing decade.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The institute provided the bureau an advance copy of the report before its release. In a written statement, spokesman Michael Cook said the bureau is \"laser focused\" on working with national organizations and local community groups to help promote the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We hope that the known challenges encourage individuals across the country to apply for 2020 Census jobs and partner with us to help ensure an accurate count,\" Cook said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Challenges threatening the upcoming 2020 census could put more than 4 million people at risk of being missed in next year's national head count, according to \u003ca href=\"http://apps.urban.org/features/2020-census/\">new projections by the Urban Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan think tank found that the danger of an inaccurate census could hit some of the country's most difficult-to-count populations the hardest. Based on the institute's analysis, the 2020 census could lead to the worst undercount of black and Latino and Latina people in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/dmd/www/pdf/understate.pdf\">since 1990\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"Miscounts of this magnitude will have real consequences for the next decade, including how we fund programs for children and invest in our infrastructure,\" says Diana Elliott, a senior research associate at the Urban Institute who co-wrote the report released Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, black residents could be undercounted by as much as 3.68%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That doesn't sound terribly high, but when you realize that that's 1.7 million people, that's a lot of people to be missed in the overall count,\" Elliott explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The institute also projects as many as 2.2 million (3.57%) Latinos and Latinas around the U.S. could be left out of the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children under the age of 5 — another hard-to-count group — also face an undercount as high as 6.31%, or about 1.3 million young children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these projections are based upon what the Urban Institute considers a \"high-risk\" scenario. Still, John Thompson, a former Census Bureau director who reviewed the report, says that these estimates \"may be a little bit on the conservative side.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could be as bad as 1990. It could be worse,\" Thompson says, raising concerns about the bureau's ability to encourage all households to take part in next year's constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A range of hurdles\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To produce these projections, researchers factored in a range of hurdles that could undermine the accuracy of the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They include the controversial question the Trump administration wants to add to forms for the 2020 census: \"Is this person a citizen of the United States?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4797159-Understanding-the-Quality-of-Alternative\">Census Bureau researchers have warned\u003c/a> that including the citizenship question would very likely scare households with noncitizens from responding to the census. In a separate study, the bureau concluded the question was a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/01/663061835/citizenship-question-may-be-major-barrier-to-2020-census-participation\">major barrier\u003c/a>\" to full participation in the head count, especially at a time of increased immigration enforcement and rising anti-immigrant rhetoric around the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court is expected to rule by the end of June on whether the Trump administration can include the citizenship question. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/30/728232221/gop-redistricting-strategist-played-role-in-push-for-census-citizenship-question\">Newly disclosed documents\u003c/a> belonging to a major GOP redistricting strategist involved in the administration's push for the question are complicating the legal battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of how the court rules, the Urban Institute researchers say all of the public attention on the question has created a chilling effect on census participation among Latinx and immigrant groups — a factor they included in their projections for a \"high-risk\" scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also points out new ways of conducting the U.S. census that have not been thoroughly tested and could pose another risk to the count's accuracy. These methods include allowing all households to complete an online form and expanding the use of existing government records to help complete questionnaires for households that don't respond themselves. Uncertainty in funding in recent years has led the Census Bureau to cancel field tests for the 2020 census, including test runs designed for rural and Spanish-speaking areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"Not only are these new additions insufficiently tested in a decennial census environment,\" write the report's authors, \"but the best evidence suggests they will disproportionately improve the count of those who are already easiest to count, leaving the hard-to-count population a lingering challenge.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"An incorrect vision\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among racial and ethnic groups, only white people are projected to be overcounted, while other groups are expected to see undercounts — including as high as 1.36% (or about 306,000 people) for Asians and Pacific Islanders and 2.12% (102,000 people) for American Indians and Alaska Natives nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the state level, these trends mean that states with more historically undercounted groups — including people of color and renters — are more likely to have inaccurate population counts in 2020. While California, Texas and Nevada face high undercount risks, states with older populations that are more likely to be white and owning homes — including Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and West Virginia – have the greatest potential for being overcounted, according to the institute's analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Whether it's an overcount or undercount, the concern is that political representation and federal funding will not be fairly shared after the 2020 census. The new population numbers will determine how many congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state gets, as well as guide the distribution of around $880 billion a year in federal tax dollars for schools, roads and other public services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When it comes time to allocate resources,\" says Robert Santos, the Urban Institute's vice president and chief methodologist, about the consequences of an inaccurate census, \"you end up with an incorrect vision of where the population is and where the funding should go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their report's dire warning about potential undercounts, the Urban Institute's researchers emphasize there is still an opportunity to overcome these challenges by driving up public interest and participation in next year's count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is by no means a critique of the Census Bureau,\" says Elliott, who once worked at the bureau as a demographer. \"The Census Bureau is increasingly asked to do more with less, and as we see, it's more and more of a challenge to count the nation's population with every passing decade.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The institute provided the bureau an advance copy of the report before its release. In a written statement, spokesman Michael Cook said the bureau is \"laser focused\" on working with national organizations and local community groups to help promote the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We hope that the known challenges encourage individuals across the country to apply for 2020 Census jobs and partner with us to help ensure an accurate count,\" Cook said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration held its first public hearing on CBD last Friday. The cannabis extract has quickly grown into a billion-dollar industry, and the FDA expects the results will help officials determine how to regulate CBD products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The compound can be extracted from marijuana or from hemp. It’s promoted as a way to ease anxiety and inflammation — and it doesn’t get people high because it doesn’t contain THC, the psychoactive component of the cannabis plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are using oils with cannabidiol, or CBD, to help with everything from menstrual cramps to insomnia. While the hype around CBD has gotten ahead of the science, there are a growing number of small studies that do point to some health benefits. But the FDA has concerns over how these products are marketed, and is seeking more data about their safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11668789' label='A calming aid']“Questions remain regarding the safety considerations raised by the widespread use of these products,” FDA officials wrote in a Federal Register notice about the hearing. “These questions could impact the approaches we consider taking in regulating the development and marketing of products.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many players in the CBD industry are eager for the agency to step in and set some clear rules, because there’s been a cloud of uncertainty over the legality of marketing and selling CBD products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2018 farm bill lifted longtime restrictions on hemp, meaning that hemp would no longer be regulated as a controlled substance. The hemp industry saw this as a green light to move ahead in promoting CBD products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the farm bill passed last year, we were beyond thrilled. This ended a multi-decade prohibition on hemp,” says Jonathan Miller who serves as general counsel to the U.S. Hemp Roundtable, a coalition of dozens of hemp companies. “It was a historic moment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the FDA quickly stepped in to make it clear that it has regulatory authority over CBD. The agency has said, for example, that cannabidiol products cannot be sold as dietary supplements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Ziva Cooper, research director for the UCLA Cannabis Research Initiative']‘We’re really in the infancy of understanding the physiological effects of cannabadiol right now.’[/pullquote] So the industry is asking for a more definitive set of rules, and the FDA hearing was a first step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really need the FDA to join in and help us lay a path toward a regulated legal product,” Miller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the FDA has a lot of questions for his industry, and researchers who study cannabis say there’s still a lot to learn about cannabidiol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really in the infancy of understanding the physiological effects of cannabadiol right now,” says Ziva Cooper, research director for the UCLA Cannabis Research Initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper says there are important questions to answer, such as: What doses are safe? And what happens when people use it for long periods of time?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has already approved one drug made of purified CBD, called Epidiolex, which is used to treat two rare and serious forms of epilepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You need a doctor’s prescription to get this medication, and it contains a much higher dose of CBD than what people typically get from the oils sold online or in dispensaries or markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='marijuana' label='More on Cannabis regulation']Clinical trials of Epidiolex found that the high dose of CBD was generally safe but that it did cause side effects in some people, including lethargy and gastrointestinal distress. The FDA also pointed to concerns about possible liver injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a potentially serious risk that can be managed when the product is taken under medical supervision in accordance with the FDA approved labeling for the product,” agency regulators wrote in the Federal Register notice. “But it is less clear how this risk might be managed if this substance is used far more widely, without medical supervision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One potential strategy to regulate CBD may be to set a threshold. High-dose products could be restricted and require a prescription, while low-dose products similar to many of the CBD oils currently on the market would be widely available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hemp industry has signaled its support for this approach. The lower dose products could be sold “over-the-counter in natural food stores, drugstores and grocery stores,” says Miller of the U.S. Hemp Roundtable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has set no timeline to regulate CBD products, and its evaluation is likely to continue over the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump said he will begin imposing a 5% tariff on all goods imported from Mexico beginning June 10, unless it does more to help reduce illegal immigration flowing into the United States from Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to statistics from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, California imported $44 billion worth of goods from Mexico in 2018. A 5% tariff would threaten $2.2 billion of state imports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shares of automaker stocks fell Friday morning following the news. It also drew a response from carmakers, many of whom have built facilities in Mexico in recent years to take advantage of cheaper labor, looser regulations and easy access to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11746318]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Automotive Policy Council, which represents U.S. automakers, criticized the threat to impose tariffs on Mexico, in \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanautocouncil.org/content/aapc-statement-mexico-tariffs\">a statement\u003c/a> released Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are strong supporters of the administration’s United States Mexico Canada Agreement because it makes significant improvements to the NAFTA, but it relies on duty-free access to be successful,” the council said. “The imposition of tariffs against Mexico will undermine its positive impact and would impose significant cost on the U.S. auto industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-regarding-emergency-measures-address-border-crisis/\">statement\u003c/a> issued late Thursday, Trump cited his authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, and said the crisis at the southern border requires action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Accordingly, starting on June 10, 2019, the United States will impose a 5% Tariff on all goods imported from Mexico. If the illegal migration crisis is alleviated through effective actions taken by Mexico, to be determined in our sole discretion and judgment, the Tariffs will be removed. If the crisis persists, however, the Tariffs will be raised to 10% on July 1, 2019.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Trump added that unless the Mexican government takes steps to “dramatically reduce or eliminate” the flow of Central American migrants moving through its country, tariffs will go to 15% on Aug. 1, to 20% on Sept. 1, and to 25% on Oct. 1. “Tariffs will permanently remain at the 25% level unless and until Mexico substantially stops the illegal inflow of aliens coming through its territory,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consequences of new U.S. tariffs could be significant, said Torsten Slok, chief economist at Deutsche Bank Securities in New York, who said the auto industry would likely feel the largest effects. He notes that about two-thirds of imports from Mexico arrive through intracompany trade — companies bringing in goods from their affiliates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the trade with Mexico is really part of the supply chain for U.S. companies,” Slok told NPR. “So in that sense, what makes it difficult to quantify the impact is that the trade picture is really closely tied together between the U.S. and Mexico, and therefore the implications, as difficult as it is to quantify, look to be fairly significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico President Andrés Manuel López Obrador is sending his foreign secretary to Washington to try to negotiate a solution with the White House. Obrador said he has not yet gotten a response to a letter he wrote to Trump after the tariff threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a legal issue,” Obrador said on Friday. “We want to have a good relation with the U.S. and we do not want the first response to be a legal procedure. We want dialogue and to reach an accord without a legal process. We must find a way out of this that works for both governments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his letter to Trump, Obrador argued that “social problems are not solved with taxes or coercive measures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must understand what is happening in the U.S. now, but we must be prudent and act with a warm heart and cool head,” he said. “We want a truce but the homeland is first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico’s deputy foreign minister for North America, Jesus Seade, said that it would be disastrous if Trump imposed the new tariffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s surprise announcement comes as the administration urges Congress to approve the pending U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which is designed to replace the NAFTA deal reached in 1994. It is not immediately clear what impact the tariff threat will have on the draft agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney, in a conference call with reporters, said the trade agreement and tariff threat “are not linked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are not tariffs as part of a trade dispute,” Mulvaney said. “These are tariffs as part of an immigration problem. USMCA is a trade matter and completely separate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked which Mexican imports the administration means to target, Mulvaney replied, “All of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting Secretary for Homeland Security Kevin McAleenan, in the conference call Thursday, said the border crisis has become “a national emergency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“U.S. immigration authorities now have over 80,000 people in custody, a record level that is beyond sustainable capacity with current resources,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s statement called for action by Mexico:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Mexico’s passive cooperation in allowing this mass incursion constitutes an emergency and extraordinary threat to the national security and economy of the United States. Mexico has very strong immigration laws and could easily halt the illegal flow of migrants, including by returning them to their home countries. Additionally, Mexico could quickly and easily stop illegal aliens from coming through its southern border with Guatemala.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Shannon Van Sant contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Automaker+Stocks+Drop+As+Trump+Announces+New+Tariffs+On+Mexico+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Shares of automaker stocks fell Friday morning after President Trump announced tariffs on all goods imported from Mexico. Many carmakers have built facilities in Mexico in recent years.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump said he will begin imposing a 5% tariff on all goods imported from Mexico beginning June 10, unless it does more to help reduce illegal immigration flowing into the United States from Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to statistics from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, California imported $44 billion worth of goods from Mexico in 2018. A 5% tariff would threaten $2.2 billion of state imports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shares of automaker stocks fell Friday morning following the news. It also drew a response from carmakers, many of whom have built facilities in Mexico in recent years to take advantage of cheaper labor, looser regulations and easy access to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Automotive Policy Council, which represents U.S. automakers, criticized the threat to impose tariffs on Mexico, in \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanautocouncil.org/content/aapc-statement-mexico-tariffs\">a statement\u003c/a> released Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are strong supporters of the administration’s United States Mexico Canada Agreement because it makes significant improvements to the NAFTA, but it relies on duty-free access to be successful,” the council said. “The imposition of tariffs against Mexico will undermine its positive impact and would impose significant cost on the U.S. auto industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-regarding-emergency-measures-address-border-crisis/\">statement\u003c/a> issued late Thursday, Trump cited his authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, and said the crisis at the southern border requires action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Accordingly, starting on June 10, 2019, the United States will impose a 5% Tariff on all goods imported from Mexico. If the illegal migration crisis is alleviated through effective actions taken by Mexico, to be determined in our sole discretion and judgment, the Tariffs will be removed. If the crisis persists, however, the Tariffs will be raised to 10% on July 1, 2019.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Trump added that unless the Mexican government takes steps to “dramatically reduce or eliminate” the flow of Central American migrants moving through its country, tariffs will go to 15% on Aug. 1, to 20% on Sept. 1, and to 25% on Oct. 1. “Tariffs will permanently remain at the 25% level unless and until Mexico substantially stops the illegal inflow of aliens coming through its territory,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consequences of new U.S. tariffs could be significant, said Torsten Slok, chief economist at Deutsche Bank Securities in New York, who said the auto industry would likely feel the largest effects. He notes that about two-thirds of imports from Mexico arrive through intracompany trade — companies bringing in goods from their affiliates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the trade with Mexico is really part of the supply chain for U.S. companies,” Slok told NPR. “So in that sense, what makes it difficult to quantify the impact is that the trade picture is really closely tied together between the U.S. and Mexico, and therefore the implications, as difficult as it is to quantify, look to be fairly significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico President Andrés Manuel López Obrador is sending his foreign secretary to Washington to try to negotiate a solution with the White House. Obrador said he has not yet gotten a response to a letter he wrote to Trump after the tariff threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a legal issue,” Obrador said on Friday. “We want to have a good relation with the U.S. and we do not want the first response to be a legal procedure. We want dialogue and to reach an accord without a legal process. We must find a way out of this that works for both governments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his letter to Trump, Obrador argued that “social problems are not solved with taxes or coercive measures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must understand what is happening in the U.S. now, but we must be prudent and act with a warm heart and cool head,” he said. “We want a truce but the homeland is first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico’s deputy foreign minister for North America, Jesus Seade, said that it would be disastrous if Trump imposed the new tariffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s surprise announcement comes as the administration urges Congress to approve the pending U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement, which is designed to replace the NAFTA deal reached in 1994. It is not immediately clear what impact the tariff threat will have on the draft agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting White House Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney, in a conference call with reporters, said the trade agreement and tariff threat “are not linked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are not tariffs as part of a trade dispute,” Mulvaney said. “These are tariffs as part of an immigration problem. USMCA is a trade matter and completely separate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked which Mexican imports the administration means to target, Mulvaney replied, “All of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting Secretary for Homeland Security Kevin McAleenan, in the conference call Thursday, said the border crisis has become “a national emergency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“U.S. immigration authorities now have over 80,000 people in custody, a record level that is beyond sustainable capacity with current resources,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s statement called for action by Mexico:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Mexico’s passive cooperation in allowing this mass incursion constitutes an emergency and extraordinary threat to the national security and economy of the United States. Mexico has very strong immigration laws and could easily halt the illegal flow of migrants, including by returning them to their home countries. Additionally, Mexico could quickly and easily stop illegal aliens from coming through its southern border with Guatemala.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Shannon Van Sant contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Automaker+Stocks+Drop+As+Trump+Announces+New+Tariffs+On+Mexico+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "after-paradise-living-with-fire-means-redefining-resilience",
"title": "After Paradise, Living With Fire Means Redefining Resilience",
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"headTitle": "After Paradise, Living With Fire Means Redefining Resilience | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dan Efseaff, the parks and recreation director for the devastated town of Paradise, Calif., looks out over Little Feather River Canyon in Butte County. The Camp Fire raced up this canyon like a blowtorch in a paper funnel on its way to Paradise, incinerating most everything in its path, including scores of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11750394,news_11743347,news_11746728\" label=\"After the Camp Fire\"]Efseaff is floating an idea that some may think radical: paying people not to rebuild in this slice of canyon: “The whole community needs some defensible space,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents would get expanded green space for recreation and a vital safety buffer to help protect Paradise from future fire calamities. “We would work with either landowners on easements,” he suggests, “or looking at them from a standpoint of some purchases in here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are areas you just don’t build in,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now it’s merely a vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1364\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trucks drive by scorched trees near Paradise. It is estimated that removal of debris from the fire will cost upwards of $1.7 billion, which will mostly be paid for by federal taxpayers. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The disaster industrial complex\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is up against the two-centuries-old American ethos to build, build, build, no matter the costs or the wisdom. It’s an ethos baked into the federal disaster response system, what critics call the “disaster industrial complex” — a system constructed around responding to natural disasters, delivering immediate and long-term aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians vow to rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal agencies swoop in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signs sprout: “Paradise Strong!” and “We Will Rebuild!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wildfire and recovery experts warn that this immediate impulse to re-create what was there before the disaster is misguided, expensive and dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There need to be more areas where building is limited, they argue, especially with the extraordinary buildup of forest fuels after \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcn.org/articles/reckoning-with-history-wildfire-suppression-in-wilderness-a-decades-old-conundrum\">a century of suppressing wildfire\u003c/a> and a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750791\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ken Pimlott, who headed Cal Fire for over 30 years, walks through a suburban neighborhood that sits right next to highly combustible land. He says we can’t keep rebuilding in fire zones: “We’re going to be spending months looking for people. Bodies of people in rubble. And we can’t keep doing that.” \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The career fire, over and over again\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many veteran wildland firefighters are saying the same thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year, starting at about 2014, we thought we were seeing the career fire. We thought, ‘We can’t get much worse.’ And every year it was getting worse,” says Ken Pimlott, who fought wildfires and led men and women doing the same for more than three decades. Pimlott recently retired as the director of the state agency known as Cal Fire. “Firefighters are seeing and living climate change firsthand,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His last five or six seasons, Pimlott says, you could feel the difference in the winds: more intense gusts fueling blowtorch-fast blazes that were bigger and lasted longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750794\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750794\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Left) The wildland urban interface represents an issue across many parts of the West, where homes sit next to land with flammable vegetation. (Right) Ken Pimlott retired last year following the Camp Fire. He says that beginning around 2014, fires began getting worse and more frequent. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You know, we’re recording 70- and 80-mile-an-hour gusts in many of the locations where these fires are occurring,” he says. In the 2017 Thomas Fire in Southern California, a red flag alert — the highest fire and wind warning — lasted for an unprecedented 13 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These aren’t random. These are truly weather pattern changes that are being fueled by a changing climate,” he warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past two years California has seen its deadliest and most destructive wildfires on record, including the Camp Fire in Butte County, which killed 85 people in and around Paradise and torched more than 19,000 structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildland urban interface\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met up with Pimlott in the Pine Hill Preserve in Cameron Park, a suburban community in the Sierra Nevada foothills 30-plus miles east of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" citation=\"Ken Pimlott, former Cal Fire chief\"]“I worry about it every day. There are hundreds of communities like those just here in California. It’s just a matter of time.”[/pullquote]Cameron Park is a small example of a big problem across the West: Wooden backyard fences for comfortable homes mark a fragile, artificial line between wildland and suburbia. It’s the classic wildland urban interface. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/115/13/3314\">growth of these areas\u003c/a> where homes and forests mix is a fire challenge across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really need to change the conversation to \u003cem>ahead\u003c/em> of the fire occurring,” Pimlott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the West, as development expands into this interface, Pimlott says, it is a kind of ticking firebomb. The potential site of future Paradises. “I worry about it every day. There are hundreds of communities like those just here in California. It’s just a matter of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11750796\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1424\" height=\"1140\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM.png 1424w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM-160x128.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM-800x640.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM-1020x817.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM-1200x961.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1424px) 100vw, 1424px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost half of new homes built in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://headwaterseconomics.org/dataviz/communities-wildfire-threat/\">are in this interface \u003c/a>where development meets highly combustible vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750797\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11750797\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manzanita, a shrub found all over California, can be highly combustible. In determining fire risk throughout the year, Cal Fire measures the moisture content of different parts of various vegetation, including manzanita. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, the challenge is acute: About quarter of the state’s population — 11 million people — lives in high- or very high-fire-risk areas. One in three homes in the state is in this fire-prone area — from parts of Malibu to the Oakland hills to Paradise. \u003ca href=\"http://file///C:/Users/EWestervelt/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/INetCache/Content.Outlook/2UJN38RI/Radeloff_etal_2018.pdf\">Research shows that\u003c/a> 75 percent of buildings destroyed by wildfire in California are in these WUI zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1991 wildfire in the steep, densely populated Oakland and Berkeley hills killed 25 people and destroyed nearly 3,500 homes and apartments. That firestorm prompted the state to better map fire hazard zones and create tough new building codes for fire safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an April 2019 visit to those same East Bay hills that burned, Gov. Gavin Newsom made the case for better fire preparedness. “Over the last two years we’ve lost 139 lives; 2.8 million acres have been lost to wildfires,” Newsom said. “Ten of the most destructive fires have happened since just 2015. … I don’t know what more proof you need of the sense of urgency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Defensible space is not enough\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Encouraging people to have an evacuation plan and create a \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/Defensible-Space/\">100-foot buffer of “defensible space”\u003c/a> around their home — what firefighters have traditionally called basic wildfire preparation — are definitely important, Pimlott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not enough. He would like to see the Paradise tragedy spur broader discussions about where people can safely live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750798\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1996px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1996\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85.jpg 1996w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1996px) 100vw, 1996px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Defensible spaces, areas of cleared land around a home, act as a buffer between houses and potentially flammable vegetation. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Certainly I’m not advocating a ban on building in the urban interface. I think that obviously people are going to move and [there’s] landowner rights, all of that,” he says. “But at the end of the day we need to be looking at every development at every home and seeing if we can mitigate all aspects of [wildfire] before we build. And if we can’t, then maybe we have to make a decision that that’s not the right place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are not seriously debating new limits on where people build. Plans for new, large developments in fire-prone areas continue, many \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2019/tejon-ranch-california-condor-04-25-2019.php\">prompting lawsuits\u003c/a>. And some warn it’s not practical to relocate or buy out hundreds of thousands of people. But Paradise has changed the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Camp Fire leveled the town, Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/03/22/governor-newsom-proclaims-state-of-emergency-on-wildfires-to-protect-states-most-vulnerable-communities/\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a> — suspending some environmental regulations to fast-track tree removal, fuel reduction and firebreaks in \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/downloads/FuelReductionProjectList.pdf#_blank\">35 fire-vulnerable areas\u003c/a> around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has also beefed up spending on firefighting, including new equipment and training, and has added funds to assess the effects of power line de-energizing by utilities in response to wildfires, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750799\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1996px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1996\" height=\"1327\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85.jpg 1996w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85-1200x798.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85-1920x1276.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1996px) 100vw, 1996px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nevada City, Calif., is a former gold rush town that is populated with old wooden Victorian homes and buildings. To prepare for a wildfire emergency, the town is bringing back sirens as an alert system, a reaction to the Camp Fire. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The next Paradise\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many fire-exposed communities remain scared. They want bolder action. Post-Paradise, communities are “hardening” their towns against wildfire like never before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This community is galvanizing itself like it’s galvanizing itself for a war,” says Reinette Senum, a vice mayor of Nevada City, Calif. It’s a gold rush mining town in the Sierra foothills packed with lots of lovely old Victorian homes — made of wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was the first we saw forest fires obliterate whole towns. That was a game-changer for us,” says Senum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11654027\"]Hardening this tourist-dependent town includes a mix of low- and high-tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town is reinstalling old-school emergency alert sirens to warn residents of a coming firestorm. Senum says the last two fire seasons \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-ln-paradise-evacuation-warnings-20181130-story.html\">exposed shocking flaws\u003c/a> in phone- and broadcast-based alert systems. In Paradise, only about a third of the few who had signed up for phone warnings actually received the alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And many of them perished waiting for that call or that text. We’re bringing back old-fashioned, hard-wired sirens with battery backup, a solar backup,” Senum explained. Nevada City hopes to have them up and running by early summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some neighbors, Senum says, are now talking about investing in full-body fire-resistant suits — like the ones NASCAR drivers use — in case they have to flee a fast-moving inferno like the one that hit Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All over town, lower branches on trees around homes are freshly trimmed so any wildfire can’t “ladder” up into the tree’s crowns and grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vice mayor also started a successful \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/GoatFundMeNevadaCity\">“goat fund me” campaign \u003c/a>this spring to pay for brigades of hungry, brush-eating goats to munch away fuel on fire-prone hillsides and parks. The goats were helped by volunteer software engineers who aligned maps to direct the goats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750800\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1996px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1996\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85.jpg 1996w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1996px) 100vw, 1996px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hired goat eats vegetation on a private landowner’s property in Auburn, Calif. Legacy Ranching hires out a mix of goats and sheep for fuel reduction jobs. The goats can climb trees and eat fuel high up while the sheep take care of the grasses. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750801\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750801\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"812\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85-160x63.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85-800x317.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85-1020x404.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85-1200x476.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85-1920x761.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Legacy Ranching says it is swamped with calls for the goats. Fencing directs the goats and sheep from an area that has already been eaten to a grove of trees full of fuel. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“High-tech, state-of-the-art software telling us that we’re doing the right thing,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senum insists this strategic goat modeling isn’t some flaky Northern California pipe dream. “We’re just kind of taking up the old ways our grandparents used and using a lot of common sense that I think we’ve lost over the decades,” she says. The goats have been so effective, she hopes to bring them and hand crews back for a second round of clearing this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others who can afford to are doing more than brush clearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-6_enl-70d2daaeb1f1b4e86e1623443c64fadce2ecf333-10.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750774\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-6_enl-70d2daaeb1f1b4e86e1623443c64fadce2ecf333-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christine Bottaro and her husband have hardened their 164-year-old house in Nevada City. When the house was renovated, they used cement composite siding and plastic composite materials for the wraparound deck instead of wood. They also installed a rock garden in the front in lieu of potentially flammable plants. The rocks help retain moisture in the yard and keep the ground cool, Bottaro says.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Christine Bottaro and her husband own a spacious, 164-year-old home next to a park where the goats cleared hillsides. Bottaro’s gold rush relic looks lovely yet vulnerable these days, like some giant Victorian-era matchstick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet looks are deceiving. She and her husband have spent sweat and money hardening the home against fire. They have cleared brush, trimmed trees and put in a rock garden where flammable plants once grew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they have done much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That deck wraps around the house and it’s made out of a plastic composite; at least [it] is retarded for flames and embers,” she says, touring me around the outside. The home’s vulnerable siding is actually made out of a cement composite. “It’s not wood,” she says, knocking on the hard material. “This part is far less flammable than wood is.” They’re planning to replace old wooden-framed windows, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amount of clearing and hardening and educating people here are doing, I’m really blown away,” Senum says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-b-1_enl-215d982bae70b63e005831afb4b20cab81555577-7.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-b-1_enl-215d982bae70b63e005831afb4b20cab81555577-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1327\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bottaro recognizes that the trees around her house pose a potential fire risk. She says that maintaining the vegetation in the backyard and creating defensible space around the house is one more step toward fire mitigation. Next to her house, the city hired goats to clear away overgrown raspberry bushes in a park.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paying for wildfire resilience\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But retrofitting is expensive. “So many people just don’t have the dollars or the capacity physically to do that,” says Senum. “So we’re constantly talking about how we can help those who can’t help themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently does almost nothing to incentivize or help homeowners pay to prepare their homes for wildfire safety, as it does for earthquakes. State and local authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakeauthority.com/Press-Room/Press-Releases/2018/Earthquake-Brace-Bolt-surpasses-5-000-retrofits\">offer up to $3,000\u003c/a> and insurance discounts to help homeowners retrofit for quakes. A bill to create \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/7bd3b28966e74fec96ef301e696b4221\">a $1 billion fund\u003c/a> to create a similar program for wildfire retrofits has stalled in the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom says he supports the idea, but funding it is the question. “We’ll try to do our best,” Newsom told reporters recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need is enormous. California already has the nation’s strictest building standards for fire protection. But that’s only for homes built after 2008. Tens of thousands of homes in the state were not built to the newer, tougher standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a major problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chicoer.com/2019/04/11/when-will-a-house-burn-california-wildfire-it-may-depend-on-when-it-was-built/\">Reports by McClatchy, The Associated Press and partner papers \u003c/a>showed that more than half of the homes in the path of the Camp Fire built to those stricter codes were largely undamaged. But just 18% of homes built before 2008 survived the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750803\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"725\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85-160x57.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85-800x283.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85-1020x361.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85-1200x425.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85-1920x680.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Left) To mitigate fire risk, the town is increasing tree clearances around power lines to 12 feet from 7 feet. (Right) Replacing wood shake roofing with metal or asphalt can help prevent the spread of wildfire. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Climate scientist Shaye Wolf with the Center for Biological Diversity says that it is shortsighted not to invest in retrofits now: “In this era of climate change, with so many homes in fire-prone ecosystems, it’s absolutely essential that … state and local governments do a much better job of preparing homes and communities to make those homes as fire resistant as possible,” Wolf says. “That’s where the money needs to be invested.” She criticized the governor’s emergency declaration as misguided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal Fire is thinning forests away from where most Californians live and far from areas with big risks of wind-driven fires,” Wolf says. “The governor should reject this doomed, destructive approach and direct funding toward proven fire-safety strategies like retrofitting homes and improving defensible space around them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retrofitting may be costly, but building new homes to be wildfire-resistant can significantly reduce loss, says Kelly Pohl with Headwaters Economics, a nonprofit land management research group. A study \u003ca href=\"https://headwaterseconomics.org/wp-content/uploads/building-costs-codes-report.pdf\">by the group shows the cost is not prohibitive\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mindset change; personal responsibility\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two-plus hours southeast of Paradise, the Lake Tahoe tourist town of Truckee is also “hardening” itself for wildfire in new ways. The town, surrounded by national forest land, has accelerated work to expand key firebreaks around the area by thinning forest to create a protective “halo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750775\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-12_enl-505694e30b6a07a8e2bc299ab8bc8293a74a1e6b-10.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750775\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-12_enl-505694e30b6a07a8e2bc299ab8bc8293a74a1e6b-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In an effort to reduce fire risk in Truckee, the fire department banned backyard campfires during fire season.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And in a major move for a tourist-dependent area that will soon crowd with summer renters, Truckee has banned the use of charcoal BBQs and wood-burning campfires this summer, except in designated campgrounds with metal fire pits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the wrong day with high winds, that’s a recipe for disaster,” says Truckee Fire Protection District Chief Bill Seline. Sometimes careless renters dump coals into a grassy or wooded area behind their rental home, “and next day the winds pick up, the temperatures heat up and next thing you know we’re chasing a wildfire through a neighborhood,” Seline says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750804\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750804\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85-1200x798.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Seline, the fire chief in Truckee, stands on a road between land that has been cleared of overgrown vegetation (left) and land that hasn’t (right). The Truckee Fire Department is involved in an effort to reduce fuel risk on 9.6 acres of land in this area. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a first for the area, Truckee has added a safety check to every real estate deal: Every home sold has to pass a wildfire defensible space inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seline says those moves are all important. But they’re not effective without homeowners taking action themselves, especially when it comes to planning and evacuation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire and police, of course, will have a robust wildfire and evacuation response, Seline says. “But the third leg of the stool is personal responsibility … having your own personal plan: How are you going to get out of the neighborhood? Have you thought about evacuation? What you are going to take? Are you familiar with what critical fire weather is? Are you connected to the communication systems that we have in place so that when we and law enforcement agencies communicate with you to get out of the neighborhood, you have a plan and you’re ready to go?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11750805\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond defensible space and evacuation plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Cal Fire Director Pimlott believes a big lesson out of the Paradise tragedy has yet to sink in: There needs to be wholesale mindset change about wildfire in the West, he says, by everyone — homeowners, planners, builders and policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes tough choices and decisions about where people can build or rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750776\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-14_enl-a1be4321ff0ad0649aa2928f05e1489070616bab-9.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11750776\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-14_enl-a1be4321ff0ad0649aa2928f05e1489070616bab-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seline examines a map of historic fires that have burned over 10 acres of land (yellow) in the Truckee area since 1908.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These are hard decisions. They cost money. They may mean land use changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes should include embracing more prescribed burns to reduce fuels; expanding fire buffer zones and escape routes for the most susceptible towns; and incentivizing retrofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Pimlott says, being smarter and tougher about construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t look at [wildfire] differently and start making some hard decisions collectively we’re going to be back in these communities time and time again rebuilding. We’re going to be spending months looking for people. Bodies of people in rubble,” he warns. “And we can’t keep doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Across the West, hundreds of communities are vulnerable to wildfires. But wildfire and recovery experts warn that the impulse to re-create what was there before disaster is misguided and dangerous.",
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"title": "After Paradise, Living With Fire Means Redefining Resilience | KQED",
"description": "Across the West, hundreds of communities are vulnerable to wildfires. But wildfire and recovery experts warn that the impulse to re-create what was there before disaster is misguided and dangerous.",
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"headline": "After Paradise, Living With Fire Means Redefining Resilience",
"datePublished": "2019-05-29T10:40:25-07:00",
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"sourceUrl": "https://www.npr.org/2019/05/29/724407043/after-paradise-living-with-fire-means-redefining-resilience",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/2101350/eric-westervelt\">Eric Westervelt\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/29/724407043/after-paradise-living-with-fire-means-redefining-resilience\">NPR\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dan Efseaff, the parks and recreation director for the devastated town of Paradise, Calif., looks out over Little Feather River Canyon in Butte County. The Camp Fire raced up this canyon like a blowtorch in a paper funnel on its way to Paradise, incinerating most everything in its path, including scores of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Efseaff is floating an idea that some may think radical: paying people not to rebuild in this slice of canyon: “The whole community needs some defensible space,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents would get expanded green space for recreation and a vital safety buffer to help protect Paradise from future fire calamities. “We would work with either landowners on easements,” he suggests, “or looking at them from a standpoint of some purchases in here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are areas you just don’t build in,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now it’s merely a vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1364\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-img_3241-edit_custom-12b8a612a3eee8f04db1e1356997ea96a8142de2-s2400-c85-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trucks drive by scorched trees near Paradise. It is estimated that removal of debris from the fire will cost upwards of $1.7 billion, which will mostly be paid for by federal taxpayers. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The disaster industrial complex\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is up against the two-centuries-old American ethos to build, build, build, no matter the costs or the wisdom. It’s an ethos baked into the federal disaster response system, what critics call the “disaster industrial complex” — a system constructed around responding to natural disasters, delivering immediate and long-term aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians vow to rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal agencies swoop in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signs sprout: “Paradise Strong!” and “We Will Rebuild!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wildfire and recovery experts warn that this immediate impulse to re-create what was there before the disaster is misguided, expensive and dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There need to be more areas where building is limited, they argue, especially with the extraordinary buildup of forest fuels after \u003ca href=\"https://www.hcn.org/articles/reckoning-with-history-wildfire-suppression-in-wilderness-a-decades-old-conundrum\">a century of suppressing wildfire\u003c/a> and a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750791\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-4_custom-985cc1b55fc8aa7856954ce490b85fd25d55cfc8-s2400-c85-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ken Pimlott, who headed Cal Fire for over 30 years, walks through a suburban neighborhood that sits right next to highly combustible land. He says we can’t keep rebuilding in fire zones: “We’re going to be spending months looking for people. Bodies of people in rubble. And we can’t keep doing that.” \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The career fire, over and over again\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many veteran wildland firefighters are saying the same thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every year, starting at about 2014, we thought we were seeing the career fire. We thought, ‘We can’t get much worse.’ And every year it was getting worse,” says Ken Pimlott, who fought wildfires and led men and women doing the same for more than three decades. Pimlott recently retired as the director of the state agency known as Cal Fire. “Firefighters are seeing and living climate change firsthand,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His last five or six seasons, Pimlott says, you could feel the difference in the winds: more intense gusts fueling blowtorch-fast blazes that were bigger and lasted longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750794\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750794\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-duo-271df1bf5efbe1f2bce9bab942cf1612a7a4224f-s2400-c85-1-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Left) The wildland urban interface represents an issue across many parts of the West, where homes sit next to land with flammable vegetation. (Right) Ken Pimlott retired last year following the Camp Fire. He says that beginning around 2014, fires began getting worse and more frequent. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You know, we’re recording 70- and 80-mile-an-hour gusts in many of the locations where these fires are occurring,” he says. In the 2017 Thomas Fire in Southern California, a red flag alert — the highest fire and wind warning — lasted for an unprecedented 13 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These aren’t random. These are truly weather pattern changes that are being fueled by a changing climate,” he warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past two years California has seen its deadliest and most destructive wildfires on record, including the Camp Fire in Butte County, which killed 85 people in and around Paradise and torched more than 19,000 structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildland urban interface\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met up with Pimlott in the Pine Hill Preserve in Cameron Park, a suburban community in the Sierra Nevada foothills 30-plus miles east of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "“I worry about it every day. There are hundreds of communities like those just here in California. It’s just a matter of time.”",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Cameron Park is a small example of a big problem across the West: Wooden backyard fences for comfortable homes mark a fragile, artificial line between wildland and suburbia. It’s the classic wildland urban interface. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/115/13/3314\">growth of these areas\u003c/a> where homes and forests mix is a fire challenge across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really need to change the conversation to \u003cem>ahead\u003c/em> of the fire occurring,” Pimlott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the West, as development expands into this interface, Pimlott says, it is a kind of ticking firebomb. The potential site of future Paradises. “I worry about it every day. There are hundreds of communities like those just here in California. It’s just a matter of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11750796\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1424\" height=\"1140\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM.png 1424w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM-160x128.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM-800x640.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM-1020x817.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Screen-Shot-2019-05-29-at-10.13.34-AM-1200x961.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1424px) 100vw, 1424px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost half of new homes built in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://headwaterseconomics.org/dataviz/communities-wildfire-threat/\">are in this interface \u003c/a>where development meets highly combustible vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750797\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11750797\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-5_custom-5a9fa7740f92922a79e33a208bf3815c0d72e7e7-s2400-c85-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manzanita, a shrub found all over California, can be highly combustible. In determining fire risk throughout the year, Cal Fire measures the moisture content of different parts of various vegetation, including manzanita. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, the challenge is acute: About quarter of the state’s population — 11 million people — lives in high- or very high-fire-risk areas. One in three homes in the state is in this fire-prone area — from parts of Malibu to the Oakland hills to Paradise. \u003ca href=\"http://file///C:/Users/EWestervelt/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/INetCache/Content.Outlook/2UJN38RI/Radeloff_etal_2018.pdf\">Research shows that\u003c/a> 75 percent of buildings destroyed by wildfire in California are in these WUI zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1991 wildfire in the steep, densely populated Oakland and Berkeley hills killed 25 people and destroyed nearly 3,500 homes and apartments. That firestorm prompted the state to better map fire hazard zones and create tough new building codes for fire safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During an April 2019 visit to those same East Bay hills that burned, Gov. Gavin Newsom made the case for better fire preparedness. “Over the last two years we’ve lost 139 lives; 2.8 million acres have been lost to wildfires,” Newsom said. “Ten of the most destructive fires have happened since just 2015. … I don’t know what more proof you need of the sense of urgency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Defensible space is not enough\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Encouraging people to have an evacuation plan and create a \u003ca href=\"http://www.readyforwildfire.org/Defensible-Space/\">100-foot buffer of “defensible space”\u003c/a> around their home — what firefighters have traditionally called basic wildfire preparation — are definitely important, Pimlott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not enough. He would like to see the Paradise tragedy spur broader discussions about where people can safely live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750798\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1996px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1996\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85.jpg 1996w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85-1200x801.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-3_custom-3a756b0059e2344c78bd7449121e02448fd6251f-s2400-c85-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1996px) 100vw, 1996px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Defensible spaces, areas of cleared land around a home, act as a buffer between houses and potentially flammable vegetation. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Certainly I’m not advocating a ban on building in the urban interface. I think that obviously people are going to move and [there’s] landowner rights, all of that,” he says. “But at the end of the day we need to be looking at every development at every home and seeing if we can mitigate all aspects of [wildfire] before we build. And if we can’t, then maybe we have to make a decision that that’s not the right place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are not seriously debating new limits on where people build. Plans for new, large developments in fire-prone areas continue, many \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2019/tejon-ranch-california-condor-04-25-2019.php\">prompting lawsuits\u003c/a>. And some warn it’s not practical to relocate or buy out hundreds of thousands of people. But Paradise has changed the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Camp Fire leveled the town, Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/03/22/governor-newsom-proclaims-state-of-emergency-on-wildfires-to-protect-states-most-vulnerable-communities/\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a> — suspending some environmental regulations to fast-track tree removal, fuel reduction and firebreaks in \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/fire_prevention/downloads/FuelReductionProjectList.pdf#_blank\">35 fire-vulnerable areas\u003c/a> around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has also beefed up spending on firefighting, including new equipment and training, and has added funds to assess the effects of power line de-energizing by utilities in response to wildfires, and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750799\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1996px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1996\" height=\"1327\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85.jpg 1996w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85-1200x798.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-17_custom-827421f9b54fca331a77ecd8f6ace2ac2eccfcbb-s2400-c85-1920x1276.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1996px) 100vw, 1996px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nevada City, Calif., is a former gold rush town that is populated with old wooden Victorian homes and buildings. To prepare for a wildfire emergency, the town is bringing back sirens as an alert system, a reaction to the Camp Fire. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The next Paradise\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many fire-exposed communities remain scared. They want bolder action. Post-Paradise, communities are “hardening” their towns against wildfire like never before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This community is galvanizing itself like it’s galvanizing itself for a war,” says Reinette Senum, a vice mayor of Nevada City, Calif. It’s a gold rush mining town in the Sierra foothills packed with lots of lovely old Victorian homes — made of wood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was the first we saw forest fires obliterate whole towns. That was a game-changer for us,” says Senum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Hardening this tourist-dependent town includes a mix of low- and high-tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town is reinstalling old-school emergency alert sirens to warn residents of a coming firestorm. Senum says the last two fire seasons \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-ln-paradise-evacuation-warnings-20181130-story.html\">exposed shocking flaws\u003c/a> in phone- and broadcast-based alert systems. In Paradise, only about a third of the few who had signed up for phone warnings actually received the alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And many of them perished waiting for that call or that text. We’re bringing back old-fashioned, hard-wired sirens with battery backup, a solar backup,” Senum explained. Nevada City hopes to have them up and running by early summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some neighbors, Senum says, are now talking about investing in full-body fire-resistant suits — like the ones NASCAR drivers use — in case they have to flee a fast-moving inferno like the one that hit Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All over town, lower branches on trees around homes are freshly trimmed so any wildfire can’t “ladder” up into the tree’s crowns and grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vice mayor also started a successful \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/GoatFundMeNevadaCity\">“goat fund me” campaign \u003c/a>this spring to pay for brigades of hungry, brush-eating goats to munch away fuel on fire-prone hillsides and parks. The goats were helped by volunteer software engineers who aligned maps to direct the goats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750800\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1996px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1996\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85.jpg 1996w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-8_custom-b418dd09d2a23715bfd44ff75e34a136a15b8088-s2400-c85-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1996px) 100vw, 1996px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hired goat eats vegetation on a private landowner’s property in Auburn, Calif. Legacy Ranching hires out a mix of goats and sheep for fuel reduction jobs. The goats can climb trees and eat fuel high up while the sheep take care of the grasses. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750801\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750801\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"812\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85-160x63.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85-800x317.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85-1020x404.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85-1200x476.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-10-duo_custom-b4e8ebd1900b73e2a186e4767cedb4ca296f1770-s2400-c85-1920x761.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Legacy Ranching says it is swamped with calls for the goats. Fencing directs the goats and sheep from an area that has already been eaten to a grove of trees full of fuel. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“High-tech, state-of-the-art software telling us that we’re doing the right thing,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senum insists this strategic goat modeling isn’t some flaky Northern California pipe dream. “We’re just kind of taking up the old ways our grandparents used and using a lot of common sense that I think we’ve lost over the decades,” she says. The goats have been so effective, she hopes to bring them and hand crews back for a second round of clearing this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others who can afford to are doing more than brush clearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750774\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-6_enl-70d2daaeb1f1b4e86e1623443c64fadce2ecf333-10.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750774\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-6_enl-70d2daaeb1f1b4e86e1623443c64fadce2ecf333-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christine Bottaro and her husband have hardened their 164-year-old house in Nevada City. When the house was renovated, they used cement composite siding and plastic composite materials for the wraparound deck instead of wood. They also installed a rock garden in the front in lieu of potentially flammable plants. The rocks help retain moisture in the yard and keep the ground cool, Bottaro says.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Christine Bottaro and her husband own a spacious, 164-year-old home next to a park where the goats cleared hillsides. Bottaro’s gold rush relic looks lovely yet vulnerable these days, like some giant Victorian-era matchstick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet looks are deceiving. She and her husband have spent sweat and money hardening the home against fire. They have cleared brush, trimmed trees and put in a rock garden where flammable plants once grew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they have done much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That deck wraps around the house and it’s made out of a plastic composite; at least [it] is retarded for flames and embers,” she says, touring me around the outside. The home’s vulnerable siding is actually made out of a cement composite. “It’s not wood,” she says, knocking on the hard material. “This part is far less flammable than wood is.” They’re planning to replace old wooden-framed windows, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amount of clearing and hardening and educating people here are doing, I’m really blown away,” Senum says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-b-1_enl-215d982bae70b63e005831afb4b20cab81555577-7.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-b-1_enl-215d982bae70b63e005831afb4b20cab81555577-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1327\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bottaro recognizes that the trees around her house pose a potential fire risk. She says that maintaining the vegetation in the backyard and creating defensible space around the house is one more step toward fire mitigation. Next to her house, the city hired goats to clear away overgrown raspberry bushes in a park.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paying for wildfire resilience\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But retrofitting is expensive. “So many people just don’t have the dollars or the capacity physically to do that,” says Senum. “So we’re constantly talking about how we can help those who can’t help themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently does almost nothing to incentivize or help homeowners pay to prepare their homes for wildfire safety, as it does for earthquakes. State and local authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.earthquakeauthority.com/Press-Room/Press-Releases/2018/Earthquake-Brace-Bolt-surpasses-5-000-retrofits\">offer up to $3,000\u003c/a> and insurance discounts to help homeowners retrofit for quakes. A bill to create \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/7bd3b28966e74fec96ef301e696b4221\">a $1 billion fund\u003c/a> to create a similar program for wildfire retrofits has stalled in the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom says he supports the idea, but funding it is the question. “We’ll try to do our best,” Newsom told reporters recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need is enormous. California already has the nation’s strictest building standards for fire protection. But that’s only for homes built after 2008. Tens of thousands of homes in the state were not built to the newer, tougher standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a major problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chicoer.com/2019/04/11/when-will-a-house-burn-california-wildfire-it-may-depend-on-when-it-was-built/\">Reports by McClatchy, The Associated Press and partner papers \u003c/a>showed that more than half of the homes in the path of the Camp Fire built to those stricter codes were largely undamaged. But just 18% of homes built before 2008 survived the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750803\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"725\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85-160x57.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85-800x283.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85-1020x361.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85-1200x425.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-diptych_custom-978f9a667db774d107189aca31e8e9406362d50b-s2400-c85-1920x680.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Left) To mitigate fire risk, the town is increasing tree clearances around power lines to 12 feet from 7 feet. (Right) Replacing wood shake roofing with metal or asphalt can help prevent the spread of wildfire. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Climate scientist Shaye Wolf with the Center for Biological Diversity says that it is shortsighted not to invest in retrofits now: “In this era of climate change, with so many homes in fire-prone ecosystems, it’s absolutely essential that … state and local governments do a much better job of preparing homes and communities to make those homes as fire resistant as possible,” Wolf says. “That’s where the money needs to be invested.” She criticized the governor’s emergency declaration as misguided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal Fire is thinning forests away from where most Californians live and far from areas with big risks of wind-driven fires,” Wolf says. “The governor should reject this doomed, destructive approach and direct funding toward proven fire-safety strategies like retrofitting homes and improving defensible space around them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retrofitting may be costly, but building new homes to be wildfire-resistant can significantly reduce loss, says Kelly Pohl with Headwaters Economics, a nonprofit land management research group. A study \u003ca href=\"https://headwaterseconomics.org/wp-content/uploads/building-costs-codes-report.pdf\">by the group shows the cost is not prohibitive\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mindset change; personal responsibility\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two-plus hours southeast of Paradise, the Lake Tahoe tourist town of Truckee is also “hardening” itself for wildfire in new ways. The town, surrounded by national forest land, has accelerated work to expand key firebreaks around the area by thinning forest to create a protective “halo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750775\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-12_enl-505694e30b6a07a8e2bc299ab8bc8293a74a1e6b-10.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750775\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-12_enl-505694e30b6a07a8e2bc299ab8bc8293a74a1e6b-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In an effort to reduce fire risk in Truckee, the fire department banned backyard campfires during fire season.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And in a major move for a tourist-dependent area that will soon crowd with summer renters, Truckee has banned the use of charcoal BBQs and wood-burning campfires this summer, except in designated campgrounds with metal fire pits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On the wrong day with high winds, that’s a recipe for disaster,” says Truckee Fire Protection District Chief Bill Seline. Sometimes careless renters dump coals into a grassy or wooded area behind their rental home, “and next day the winds pick up, the temperatures heat up and next thing you know we’re chasing a wildfire through a neighborhood,” Seline says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750804\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11750804\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85-1200x798.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-13_custom-31638eb337df5c96c01dc0f5434f1c2f8704b7a8-s2400-c85-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Seline, the fire chief in Truckee, stands on a road between land that has been cleared of overgrown vegetation (left) and land that hasn’t (right). The Truckee Fire Department is involved in an effort to reduce fuel risk on 9.6 acres of land in this area. \u003ccite>(Meredith Rizzo/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a first for the area, Truckee has added a safety check to every real estate deal: Every home sold has to pass a wildfire defensible space inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seline says those moves are all important. But they’re not effective without homeowners taking action themselves, especially when it comes to planning and evacuation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire and police, of course, will have a robust wildfire and evacuation response, Seline says. “But the third leg of the stool is personal responsibility … having your own personal plan: How are you going to get out of the neighborhood? Have you thought about evacuation? What you are going to take? Are you familiar with what critical fire weather is? Are you connected to the communication systems that we have in place so that when we and law enforcement agencies communicate with you to get out of the neighborhood, you have a plan and you’re ready to go?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11750805\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-11_custom-c38bb87dfa4bde16e91e3b224defa26231cd080b-s2400-c85-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beyond defensible space and evacuation plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Cal Fire Director Pimlott believes a big lesson out of the Paradise tragedy has yet to sink in: There needs to be wholesale mindset change about wildfire in the West, he says, by everyone — homeowners, planners, builders and policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes tough choices and decisions about where people can build or rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11750776\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-14_enl-a1be4321ff0ad0649aa2928f05e1489070616bab-9.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11750776\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/paradise-resilience-14_enl-a1be4321ff0ad0649aa2928f05e1489070616bab-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seline examines a map of historic fires that have burned over 10 acres of land (yellow) in the Truckee area since 1908.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These are hard decisions. They cost money. They may mean land use changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes should include embracing more prescribed burns to reduce fuels; expanding fire buffer zones and escape routes for the most susceptible towns; and incentivizing retrofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Pimlott says, being smarter and tougher about construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t look at [wildfire] differently and start making some hard decisions collectively we’re going to be back in these communities time and time again rebuilding. We’re going to be spending months looking for people. Bodies of people in rubble,” he warns. “And we can’t keep doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Special Counsel Mueller Announces Resignation in Justice Department Remarks",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 12:11 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special counsel Robert Mueller, speaking publicly for the first time since the beginning of the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/29/582724398/special-counsel-robert-mueller-steps-down-after-leading-russia-inquiry\">says he is resigning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are formally closing the special counsel's office,\" Mueller told reporters at the Justice Department on Wednesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11741101,news_11741146,news_11735092\" label=\"The Mueller Report\"]The White House was notified Tuesday night that Mueller might make a statement, an official told reporters there on Wednesday morning.Mueller's investigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/robert-mueller\">ran from May 2017 to March 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his 10-minute statement, Mueller highlighted a few portions of the roughly 400-page report, including the section on whether President Trump obstructed justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we had had confidence that the president did not commit a crime, we would have said so,\" he said. \"We did not, however, make a determination as to whether the president did commit a crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mueller emphasized that Justice Department regulations do not permit the indictment of a sitting president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also noted the overarching findings on Russia's actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were multiple systemic efforts to interfere in our election, and that allegation deserves the attention of every American,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch his full remarks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FNPR%2Fvideos%2F367949174072781%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Mueller's mandates from the Justice Department was to investigate whether President Trump's campaign coordinated with Russia in that country's interference efforts. Mueller found no such criminal conspiracy, despite detailing dozens of connections between people in Trump's orbit and those connected with Russia.The special counsel also investigated whether the president obstructed justice over the course of the investigation. The report explicitly said it did not \"exonerate\" Trump on the question of obstruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump responded shortly after Mueller finished, saying that his statement and report changes \"nothing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1133759237136494592\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mueller also said he did \"not believe it is appropriate\" for him to testify before Congress, as House Democrats have asked. Mueller said he would not be taking questions from reporters Wednesday, either. \"The work speaks for itself,\" he said of his report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Democrats have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/19/713967850/house-judiciary-committee-subpoenas-full-mueller-report\">issued a subpoena\u003c/a> for the full, unredacted text of his report and his supporting evidence — which the Justice Department won't provide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General William Barr says the grand jury material in Mueller's report must remain secret under federal regulations and has recommended more broadly that the work is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/11/722106580/congress-showdown-with-the-executive-branch-here-s-what-you-need-to-know\">protected under executive privilege\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We appreciate that the attorney general made the report largely public,\" Mueller said. \"I certainly do not question the attorney general's good faith in that decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement also follows an account in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/29/727724850/michael-wolffs-new-trump-tell-all-siege-stars-steve-bannon-and-cast-of-no-names\">a new book\u003c/a>, \"Siege: Trump Under Fire\" by Michael Wolff, that described the special counsel's office as having prepared an indictment for Trump in connection with alleged obstruction of justice — the focus of Volume II of Mueller's report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No such indictment was ever unsealed, and Mueller's report described the decision by him and his office not to attempt to bring charges against the president as in keeping with the Justice Department's policy prohibiting that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman told NPR that the documents described in the new book don't exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The White House was notified Tuesday night that Mueller might make a statement, an official told reporters there on Wednesday morning.Mueller's investigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/robert-mueller\">ran from May 2017 to March 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his 10-minute statement, Mueller highlighted a few portions of the roughly 400-page report, including the section on whether President Trump obstructed justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we had had confidence that the president did not commit a crime, we would have said so,\" he said. \"We did not, however, make a determination as to whether the president did commit a crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mueller emphasized that Justice Department regulations do not permit the indictment of a sitting president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also noted the overarching findings on Russia's actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were multiple systemic efforts to interfere in our election, and that allegation deserves the attention of every American,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch his full remarks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FNPR%2Fvideos%2F367949174072781%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Mueller's mandates from the Justice Department was to investigate whether President Trump's campaign coordinated with Russia in that country's interference efforts. Mueller found no such criminal conspiracy, despite detailing dozens of connections between people in Trump's orbit and those connected with Russia.The special counsel also investigated whether the president obstructed justice over the course of the investigation. The report explicitly said it did not \"exonerate\" Trump on the question of obstruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump responded shortly after Mueller finished, saying that his statement and report changes \"nothing.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Mueller also said he did \"not believe it is appropriate\" for him to testify before Congress, as House Democrats have asked. Mueller said he would not be taking questions from reporters Wednesday, either. \"The work speaks for itself,\" he said of his report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Democrats have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/19/713967850/house-judiciary-committee-subpoenas-full-mueller-report\">issued a subpoena\u003c/a> for the full, unredacted text of his report and his supporting evidence — which the Justice Department won't provide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General William Barr says the grand jury material in Mueller's report must remain secret under federal regulations and has recommended more broadly that the work is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/11/722106580/congress-showdown-with-the-executive-branch-here-s-what-you-need-to-know\">protected under executive privilege\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We appreciate that the attorney general made the report largely public,\" Mueller said. \"I certainly do not question the attorney general's good faith in that decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement also follows an account in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/29/727724850/michael-wolffs-new-trump-tell-all-siege-stars-steve-bannon-and-cast-of-no-names\">a new book\u003c/a>, \"Siege: Trump Under Fire\" by Michael Wolff, that described the special counsel's office as having prepared an indictment for Trump in connection with alleged obstruction of justice — the focus of Volume II of Mueller's report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No such indictment was ever unsealed, and Mueller's report described the decision by him and his office not to attempt to bring charges against the president as in keeping with the Justice Department's policy prohibiting that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman told NPR that the documents described in the new book don't exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This weekend, 14 presidential candidates will converge on San Francisco for the California Democratic Party's annual convention.[aside label=\"Related stories\" tag=\"2020-presidential-election\"]It will be the largest gathering of presidential contenders so far, and the latest sign that California's days of bringing up the rear of the presidential primary calendar are long gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will hold its primary on March 3, along with several other states that will vote in a supercharged Super Tuesday. But California will play an even more outsized role for two reasons: the fact it will award more delegates that day than any other state, and the fact that its early voting ballots will be mailed out the same day as the Iowa caucuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are treating it like an early primary state\" on the same importance level as New Hampshire, Iowa, and the other traditional momentum-setting first-wave states, said Vermont Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/18/702708256/bernie-sanders-pledges-to-do-a-better-job-of-explaining-socialism\">Bernie Sanders\u003c/a>' campaign manager, Faiz Shakir. \"Campaigning there early and often, and making a strong play to try and win that state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California power brokers are relishing their newfound importance. \"We're excited that we matter for more than money,\" said Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, who considered but ultimately passed on his own White House run. \"Even though we're not trained like Iowa or New Hampshire to interview all the candidates, we're learning that culture of being able to ask people, 'Great. What are you going to do for us specifically here in California?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti has met with several 2020 candidates already, eating tacos with former Vice President Joe Biden and appearing with South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg and Washington Gov. Jay Inslee, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A boon for Harris \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/14/702707072/in-her-pitch-for-president-kamala-harris-focuses-on-criminal-justice-inequality\">Kamala Harris\u003c/a> will hold a distinct advantage on March 3: She's run and won three statewide elections, and has high name recognition among California voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris has made repeated trips to her home state amid campaign stops in more traditional early states like Iowa and South Carolina. She kicked off her campaign with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/28/689237323/kamala-harris-kicks-off-presidential-campaign-with-oakland-rally\">a massive rally in her hometown of Oakland\u003c/a>, and recently held another big event in Los Angeles, where she now lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early weeks of her campaign, Harris rolled out an overwhelming slate of endorsements from California politicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, former Sen. Barbara Boxer, whose seat Harris now holds, says home turf advantage will be limited. \"People know her better than they know, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/19/703570750/amy-klobuchar-runs-on-a-record-of-accomplishments-including-with-republicans\">Amy Klobuchar\u003c/a> or Michael Bennet,\" Boxer said, listing two other U.S. senators in the crowded primary field. \"But if you look at the latest polls, she's not leading those polls. There are others in front of her. So I think it's wide-open here and she's going to have to fight for those votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's in the field, and she's going to be a big factor, but it's wide-open,\" Boxer added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several other presidential campaigns worry that California's massive size and prohibitively expensive TV advertising costs will lead to a race that's anything but wide-open, and that only brand names with big budgets will be able to truly compete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR spoke to multiple presidential campaigns about the California primary, and strategists repeatedly circled back to just three candidates they think, right now, could make viable runs for the state next March: Harris, Sanders and Biden. Several campaign advisers pointed out the obvious factor more than six months before primary and caucus voting begins: that early wins in Iowa or New Hampshire could vault another candidate to the top of that list, even as millions of California voters cast ballots early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buttigieg has made repeated appearances in California in recent months, mostly for big-ticket fundraising events. And many candidates are packing their weekend schedules with other forums and campaign stops, in addition to the cattle call at the state party's San Francisco convention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'A very issues-oriented state' \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boxer, who herself emerged from a crowded primary field when she first won the California Senate seat in 1992, said candidates will need more than money to compete there. \"It's a very issues-oriented state,\" she said. \"It's not a state that just says, 'Oh, I know her name or I know his name.' They're going to want to know what you're fighting for.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it just so happens that many of the top California political issues are the same ones currently motivating Democrats all over the country: immigration and climate change, in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti said he wants to hear more about those two topics — as well as housing affordability and infrastructure. He also made it clear he's in no rush to commit to any particular candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We may know you, and we may know you well,\" he said. \"But what will you do for us as president?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California%2C+Rich+In+Delegates%2C+Takes+On+New+Importance+For+Crowded+Democratic+Field&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It will be the largest gathering of presidential contenders so far, and the latest sign that California's days of bringing up the rear of the presidential primary calendar are long gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will hold its primary on March 3, along with several other states that will vote in a supercharged Super Tuesday. But California will play an even more outsized role for two reasons: the fact it will award more delegates that day than any other state, and the fact that its early voting ballots will be mailed out the same day as the Iowa caucuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are treating it like an early primary state\" on the same importance level as New Hampshire, Iowa, and the other traditional momentum-setting first-wave states, said Vermont Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/18/702708256/bernie-sanders-pledges-to-do-a-better-job-of-explaining-socialism\">Bernie Sanders\u003c/a>' campaign manager, Faiz Shakir. \"Campaigning there early and often, and making a strong play to try and win that state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California power brokers are relishing their newfound importance. \"We're excited that we matter for more than money,\" said Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, who considered but ultimately passed on his own White House run. \"Even though we're not trained like Iowa or New Hampshire to interview all the candidates, we're learning that culture of being able to ask people, 'Great. What are you going to do for us specifically here in California?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti has met with several 2020 candidates already, eating tacos with former Vice President Joe Biden and appearing with South Bend, Indiana, Mayor Pete Buttigieg and Washington Gov. Jay Inslee, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A boon for Harris \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/14/702707072/in-her-pitch-for-president-kamala-harris-focuses-on-criminal-justice-inequality\">Kamala Harris\u003c/a> will hold a distinct advantage on March 3: She's run and won three statewide elections, and has high name recognition among California voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris has made repeated trips to her home state amid campaign stops in more traditional early states like Iowa and South Carolina. She kicked off her campaign with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/28/689237323/kamala-harris-kicks-off-presidential-campaign-with-oakland-rally\">a massive rally in her hometown of Oakland\u003c/a>, and recently held another big event in Los Angeles, where she now lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early weeks of her campaign, Harris rolled out an overwhelming slate of endorsements from California politicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, former Sen. Barbara Boxer, whose seat Harris now holds, says home turf advantage will be limited. \"People know her better than they know, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/03/19/703570750/amy-klobuchar-runs-on-a-record-of-accomplishments-including-with-republicans\">Amy Klobuchar\u003c/a> or Michael Bennet,\" Boxer said, listing two other U.S. senators in the crowded primary field. \"But if you look at the latest polls, she's not leading those polls. There are others in front of her. So I think it's wide-open here and she's going to have to fight for those votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She's in the field, and she's going to be a big factor, but it's wide-open,\" Boxer added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several other presidential campaigns worry that California's massive size and prohibitively expensive TV advertising costs will lead to a race that's anything but wide-open, and that only brand names with big budgets will be able to truly compete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR spoke to multiple presidential campaigns about the California primary, and strategists repeatedly circled back to just three candidates they think, right now, could make viable runs for the state next March: Harris, Sanders and Biden. Several campaign advisers pointed out the obvious factor more than six months before primary and caucus voting begins: that early wins in Iowa or New Hampshire could vault another candidate to the top of that list, even as millions of California voters cast ballots early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buttigieg has made repeated appearances in California in recent months, mostly for big-ticket fundraising events. And many candidates are packing their weekend schedules with other forums and campaign stops, in addition to the cattle call at the state party's San Francisco convention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'A very issues-oriented state' \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boxer, who herself emerged from a crowded primary field when she first won the California Senate seat in 1992, said candidates will need more than money to compete there. \"It's a very issues-oriented state,\" she said. \"It's not a state that just says, 'Oh, I know her name or I know his name.' They're going to want to know what you're fighting for.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it just so happens that many of the top California political issues are the same ones currently motivating Democrats all over the country: immigration and climate change, in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti said he wants to hear more about those two topics — as well as housing affordability and infrastructure. He also made it clear he's in no rush to commit to any particular candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We may know you, and we may know you well,\" he said. \"But what will you do for us as president?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California%2C+Rich+In+Delegates%2C+Takes+On+New+Importance+For+Crowded+Democratic+Field&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A U.S. Army Tweet Asking 'How Has Serving Impacted You?' Got An Agonizing Response",
"title": "A U.S. Army Tweet Asking 'How Has Serving Impacted You?' Got An Agonizing Response",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Army \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/usarmy/status/1131704927963766785\">issued a tweet ahead of Memorial Day weekend \u003c/a>with a question for service members and veterans: \"How has serving impacted you?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the thousands of responses: harrowing tales of trauma, depression and sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a thread, an Army tweet that preceded the question featured a video by Pfc. Nathan Spencer, a scout with the Army's First Infantry Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the video, Spencer says, \"To serve something greater than myself. The Army's afforded me the opportunity to do just that, to give to others, to protect the ones I love, and to better myself as a man and a warrior.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/USArmy/status/1131682502165315585\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after the U.S. Army tweeted its question, thousands of responses began flooding in. Many people tweeted about the positive impact military service had on their lives, but others posted stories of post-traumatic stress disorder, illness and suicide brought on by experiences ranging from seeing loss of life to sexual assaults in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One man responded, \"How did serving impact me? Ask my family.\" He wrote of a \"Combat Cocktail\" which included \"PTSD, severe depression, anxiety. Isolation. Suicide attempts. Never ending rage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SeanP_75/status/1132574723097939968\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another person wrote, \"After 15 years in I was kicked out after showing obviously signs of PTSD and depression. Now I can't function in society because of my major depressive disorder. So now what?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CorySchabacker/status/1132579887615754240\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responses to the U.S. Army's Twitter post now number more than 11,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many women responded with stories of sexual harassment and assault while serving in the military. One wrote of suffering from depression and anxiety, and said she \"still can't deal well with loud noises. I was assaulted by one of my superiors. When I reported him, with witnesses to corroborate my story, nothing happened to him. Nothing. A year later, he stole a laptop and was then demoted. I'm worth less than a laptop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/IvoryGazelle/status/1132393967381884929\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another response: \"My wife and I served in the @USArmy. We spent over 5 years geographically separated from each other. She was sexually assaulted on deployment and kicked out of the army for seeking treatment bc she was then deemed unfit for service. I got out bc her assaulters went unpunished.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/johnsoncale1/status/1132840016693014529\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others wrote of loved ones, friends and relatives who had taken their own lives during or after their service in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/lacymjohnson/status/1132273031357902848\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MikeSchmidt69/status/1132559900813475846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One Twitter user wrote\u003c/a>, \"Some say this thread back-fired but this is just the thread that is needed each memorial day so we remember the sacrifices military members and their families make and how we as a country need to understand the true cost of service and improve our support.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army responded to the outpouring on May 25, tweeting: \"To everyone who responded to this thread, thank you for sharing your story. Your stories are real, they matter, and they may help others in similar situations. The Army is committed to the health, safety, and well-being of our Soldiers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/USArmy/status/1132386171382902787\">In a separate tweet\u003c/a>, it said: \"As we honor those who paid the ultimate sacrifice this weekend by remembering their service, we are also mindful of the fact that we have to take care of those who came back home with scars we can't see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/USArmy/status/1132386169965228038\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the same day, the Army also \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/USArmy/status/1132386172494393356\">posted a tweet\u003c/a> with a link and phone number for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/\">Veterans Crisis Line\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Veterans Affairs, there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/data-sheets/2016/2016_Data_Release_FAQ_508.pdf\">approximately 20 million veterans\u003c/a> in the U.S., and fewer than half receive VA benefits or services. The department says suicide rates among veterans are rising, and in 2016, the suicide rate was 1.5 times greater than for non-veteran adults. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/data-sheets/OMHSP_National_Suicide_Data_Report_2005-2016_508.pdf\">A VA report last year \u003c/a>found more 6,000 veterans have died by suicide each year from 2008 to 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know may be considering suicide, contact the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/\">National Suicide Prevention Lifeline\u003c/a>\u003cem> at 1-800-273-8255 (En Español: 1-888-628-9454; Deaf and Hard of Hearing: 1-800-799-4889) or the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.crisistextline.org/\">Crisis Text Line\u003c/a>\u003cem> by texting HOME to 741741.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Veterans in need of help can access the Veterans Crisis Line by calling 800-273-8255 or through this website: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/\">\u003cem>www.veteranscrisisline.net\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Army \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/usarmy/status/1131704927963766785\">issued a tweet ahead of Memorial Day weekend \u003c/a>with a question for service members and veterans: \"How has serving impacted you?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the thousands of responses: harrowing tales of trauma, depression and sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a thread, an Army tweet that preceded the question featured a video by Pfc. Nathan Spencer, a scout with the Army's First Infantry Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the video, Spencer says, \"To serve something greater than myself. The Army's afforded me the opportunity to do just that, to give to others, to protect the ones I love, and to better myself as a man and a warrior.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Soon after the U.S. Army tweeted its question, thousands of responses began flooding in. Many people tweeted about the positive impact military service had on their lives, but others posted stories of post-traumatic stress disorder, illness and suicide brought on by experiences ranging from seeing loss of life to sexual assaults in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One man responded, \"How did serving impact me? Ask my family.\" He wrote of a \"Combat Cocktail\" which included \"PTSD, severe depression, anxiety. Isolation. Suicide attempts. Never ending rage.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Another person wrote, \"After 15 years in I was kicked out after showing obviously signs of PTSD and depression. Now I can't function in society because of my major depressive disorder. So now what?\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Responses to the U.S. Army's Twitter post now number more than 11,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many women responded with stories of sexual harassment and assault while serving in the military. One wrote of suffering from depression and anxiety, and said she \"still can't deal well with loud noises. I was assaulted by one of my superiors. When I reported him, with witnesses to corroborate my story, nothing happened to him. Nothing. A year later, he stole a laptop and was then demoted. I'm worth less than a laptop.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Another response: \"My wife and I served in the @USArmy. We spent over 5 years geographically separated from each other. She was sexually assaulted on deployment and kicked out of the army for seeking treatment bc she was then deemed unfit for service. I got out bc her assaulters went unpunished.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Others wrote of loved ones, friends and relatives who had taken their own lives during or after their service in the military.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MikeSchmidt69/status/1132559900813475846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One Twitter user wrote\u003c/a>, \"Some say this thread back-fired but this is just the thread that is needed each memorial day so we remember the sacrifices military members and their families make and how we as a country need to understand the true cost of service and improve our support.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army responded to the outpouring on May 25, tweeting: \"To everyone who responded to this thread, thank you for sharing your story. Your stories are real, they matter, and they may help others in similar situations. The Army is committed to the health, safety, and well-being of our Soldiers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/USArmy/status/1132386171382902787\">In a separate tweet\u003c/a>, it said: \"As we honor those who paid the ultimate sacrifice this weekend by remembering their service, we are also mindful of the fact that we have to take care of those who came back home with scars we can't see.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>On the same day, the Army also \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/USArmy/status/1132386172494393356\">posted a tweet\u003c/a> with a link and phone number for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/\">Veterans Crisis Line\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Veterans Affairs, there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/data-sheets/2016/2016_Data_Release_FAQ_508.pdf\">approximately 20 million veterans\u003c/a> in the U.S., and fewer than half receive VA benefits or services. The department says suicide rates among veterans are rising, and in 2016, the suicide rate was 1.5 times greater than for non-veteran adults. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/data-sheets/OMHSP_National_Suicide_Data_Report_2005-2016_508.pdf\">A VA report last year \u003c/a>found more 6,000 veterans have died by suicide each year from 2008 to 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know may be considering suicide, contact the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/\">National Suicide Prevention Lifeline\u003c/a>\u003cem> at 1-800-273-8255 (En Español: 1-888-628-9454; Deaf and Hard of Hearing: 1-800-799-4889) or the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.crisistextline.org/\">Crisis Text Line\u003c/a>\u003cem> by texting HOME to 741741.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Veterans in need of help can access the Veterans Crisis Line by calling 800-273-8255 or through this website: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.veteranscrisisline.net/\">\u003cem>www.veteranscrisisline.net\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
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