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"description": "PARKES, AUSTRALIA - OCTOBER 25: Farmer John Magill inspects a dried up dam on his farm October 25, 2006 in Parkes, Australia. Over half of Australia's farmland is in drought, which is being described as the worst on record. Around 92 percent of Australia's most populous state, New South Wales, is considered officially in drought, with no rain falling in some areas for nearly six years, causing huge problems especially for grain crops such as wheat and barley. Farmers have been forced to allow livestock to graze on the failed crops, as harvesting the limited growth would not be practical. Forecasters predict that Australia's wheat crop in the financial year to the end of June 2007 is set to fall to less than half of the previous year's 25 million tonnes, with Australian Treasurer Peter Costello saying that rural Australia is in recession. In an attempt to help the hardest drought-hit areas, the Australian government will provide an extra AUD$560 million (USD$424 million) on top of AUD$350 million (USD$266 million) in aid announced a week ago. The drought has also seen a rise is farmer suicides in rural Australia, with one farmer taking their own life every four days on average. (Photo by Ian Waldie/Getty Images)",
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"title": "Californians Take Drought Lessons From Down Under",
"headTitle": "Californians Take Drought Lessons From Down Under | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/10/DroughtLessonsfromAustralia.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Australia has become a crossroads for California policymakers seeking clues to coping with long, arduous droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of state lawmakers led by Senate President Pro Tempore Kevin de León spent the last couple of weeks Down Under.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Australia is well-positioned to handle the next, inevitable drought,” said Senator Ben Allen in a statement following the trip. ” California would be wise to take a similar long-term approach,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia Marcus agrees. She heads the State Water Resources Control Board and crossed paths with legislators on her second fact-finding trip to Australia as the state’s top water regulator. Marcus has long admired the Aussies’ cooperative, “can-do” attitude toward water issues and wouldn’t mind seeing a little more of that here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gMB9PQ2MIAg2FiX9cFhrEH5hMrtxGkQW”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we have the can-do attitude,” Marcus told KQED on her return. “We just spend a lot of our time fighting in a system that’s very adversarial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So given those differences, how much of the “drought-proofing” that Australia’s done could really work here in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They have a practical and pragmatic mentality about how to get things done. They think more as a community. I find it inspiring.’\u003ccite>Felicia Marcus, Chair\u003cbr>\nState Water Resources Control Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of lessons we can learn,” says \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - bio\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/about-us/staff-and-board/matthew-g-heberger-p-e/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matthew Heberger\u003c/a>, a water analyst at Oakland’s \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - main\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>. He’s written extensively about the Australians’ own revelations during the millennial drought that lasted from nine to twelve years, depending on how you measure it. That’s something that hasn’t happened in California for at least a century. (There were two six-year droughts in the 20th century.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heberger says the Big Dry inspired major changes: “Lots of initiatives to capture runoff and infiltrate it into the ground, where you can later use it for water supply,” he notes, “not allowing stormwater to just run off into the sea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Dry was \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wrcr.20123/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the worst drought in Australia’s history\u003c/a>. It devastated the farm economy (at one point halving the number of sheep, the nation’s principal livestock) and triggered severe restrictions on urban water use. It also transformed the water culture in that country — and much of it stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely,” says \u003ca title=\"Stanford - Rebecca Nelson\" href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/about/people/rebecca-nelson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rebecca Nelson\u003c/a>, a Melbourne-based research fellow at Stanford’s Woods Institute for the Environment. “The ethical and moral dimension of water use, I think really built during the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 332px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/rain-water.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-332913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/rain-water.jpg\" alt=\"Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems.\" width=\"332\" height=\"589\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems. \u003ccite>(Albert Barlow/Rain Water Systems)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They have a practical and pragmatic mentality about how to get things done,” adds Marcus. “They think more as a community. I find it inspiring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Water Use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had here a phenomenon that people called ‘bucket back,” Nelson says, describing the back strain Aussies would suffer from catching the excess shower water in buckets and hauling it outside to water the garden — an affliction \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/18/drought-diary-san-francisco-use-a-bucket-for-watering-plants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">now endured by many Californians\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nelson’s hometown of Melbourne gets just about the same average rainfall as San Francisco — about 23 inches a year. She estimates that about half the homes in Melbourne now have systems to capture and store rain, and newer homes are being built with dual plumbing systems to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/09/use-of-greywater-catching-on-as-drought-continues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recycle greywater\u003c/a>. (For example, rinse water from the washing machine goes to the toilet for flushing.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spurred by the Big Dry, residential water use in Melbourne shrank to about 40 gallons per person, per day — including outside watering. Californians still average more than double that, despite unprecedented statewide restrictions on water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Desalination: A Cautionary Tale\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Australia’s government spent $25 billion on drought countermeasures — that’s three times as much as the water bond that Californians passed last year — for a country with a little more than half the population of California. That ambitious program included a string of desalination plants along the coast, a decision that many question in retrospect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332929\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-332929\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\" alt=\"Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia’s ‘Big Dry.’ \" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM-400x275.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia’s ‘Big Dry.’ \u003ccite>(Australian Bureau of Meteorology)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Desalination is considered a holy grail by water managers,” says Heberger. “The ocean is essentially a limitless source of water. The problem is that it’s expensive, and it’s energy-intensive to take the salt out of the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consequently, when the rains returned to Australia, which they did with a vengeance at the end of 2010, desalted seawater could no longer compete price-wise with water that fell from the sky. “And so you’ve got these very expensive projects that have, for now at least, been sort of mothballed,” says Heberger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That pendulum could swing back soon as historically strong El Niño conditions in the Pacific Ocean threaten drought again in Australia (the opposite of its likely effect here).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years into California’s drought, the desal train is gaining speed here. This nation’s \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25859513/nations-largest-ocean-desalination-plant-goes-up-near\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">largest plant\u003c/a> is about to go online in Carlsbad, with at least a dozen more on the drawing board. Nelson says there’s a cautionary tale here: the best decisions for drought planning are not made during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most ordinary citizens would say it’s fantastic to have a climate-independent source of water,” she said. “But the panic that’s generated during drought, many people say, led the [Melbourne] desal plant to be built many, many more times bigger than it really should’ve been. And as a result, it’s very, very costly, even though it’s not being used.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332933\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-332933\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg\" alt=\"A secret service agent looks over a fallowed field near the Fresno County town of Firebaugh, during a February 2014 visit by President Obama to announce emergency drought relief measures.\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg 2400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-400x232.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-800x464.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1440x835.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1920x1113.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1180x684.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-960x556.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A secret service agent looks over a fallowed field near the Fresno County town of Firebaugh, during a February 2014 visit by President Obama to announce emergency drought relief measures. \u003ccite>(Wally Skalij/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many parallels between here and there when it comes to water. In both places, most of the water is in the north, most of the people in the south. The rain tends not to fall during the growing season. And Australia’s agriculture — like California’s — uses by far the biggest volume of water, more than two-thirds in Australia, closer to three-quarters in California (of the water available for human use).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s where transplanting lessons gets a little tricky. Here, farm water is meted out by a longstanding — some would say byzantine — system of property rights: junior, senior, riparian, pre-1914, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That consideration just doesn’t exist in Australia,” says Nelson. “The way that Australian water law manages scarcity is, if there’s less water around, everybody takes a haircut.” She and Marcus agree, that’s made it easier for Australians to develop an enviable system of water marketing for farmers and ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as easy to sell water from your water bank account as it is to just transfer money from a normal bank account,” Nelson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more than one observer has put it, Californians tend to settle their accounts in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if Australia is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_28185150/california-drought-can-we-learn-from-australias-big\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">useful laboratory\u003c/a> for developing drought resilience, does that mean that California needs its own nine-year drought as a kind of shock therapy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t wish that on anyone,” says Heberger. “But it did certainly do a lot to raise awareness. Everyone could tell you, you know, how high the water level in the reservoir is, that people become much more attuned to where our water comes from, that we’re taking it out of the environment and using it. And that has repercussions and an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Awareness has already proven to be a powerful conservation tool in California’s four-year drought. But long-term “water security” for the Golden State will take political will and compromise — something else that is often in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is an updated version of a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/30/drought-lessons-from-down-under/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post\u003c/a> that first appeared on June 30, 2014.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A passel of state lawmakers spent the last couple of weeks Down Under, asking what drought measures could work here.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Australia has become a crossroads for California policymakers seeking clues to coping with long, arduous droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of state lawmakers led by Senate President Pro Tempore Kevin de León spent the last couple of weeks Down Under.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Australia is well-positioned to handle the next, inevitable drought,” said Senator Ben Allen in a statement following the trip. ” California would be wise to take a similar long-term approach,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia Marcus agrees. She heads the State Water Resources Control Board and crossed paths with legislators on her second fact-finding trip to Australia as the state’s top water regulator. Marcus has long admired the Aussies’ cooperative, “can-do” attitude toward water issues and wouldn’t mind seeing a little more of that here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we have the can-do attitude,” Marcus told KQED on her return. “We just spend a lot of our time fighting in a system that’s very adversarial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So given those differences, how much of the “drought-proofing” that Australia’s done could really work here in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They have a practical and pragmatic mentality about how to get things done. They think more as a community. I find it inspiring.’\u003ccite>Felicia Marcus, Chair\u003cbr>\nState Water Resources Control Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of lessons we can learn,” says \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - bio\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/about-us/staff-and-board/matthew-g-heberger-p-e/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matthew Heberger\u003c/a>, a water analyst at Oakland’s \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - main\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>. He’s written extensively about the Australians’ own revelations during the millennial drought that lasted from nine to twelve years, depending on how you measure it. That’s something that hasn’t happened in California for at least a century. (There were two six-year droughts in the 20th century.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heberger says the Big Dry inspired major changes: “Lots of initiatives to capture runoff and infiltrate it into the ground, where you can later use it for water supply,” he notes, “not allowing stormwater to just run off into the sea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Dry was \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wrcr.20123/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the worst drought in Australia’s history\u003c/a>. It devastated the farm economy (at one point halving the number of sheep, the nation’s principal livestock) and triggered severe restrictions on urban water use. It also transformed the water culture in that country — and much of it stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely,” says \u003ca title=\"Stanford - Rebecca Nelson\" href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/about/people/rebecca-nelson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rebecca Nelson\u003c/a>, a Melbourne-based research fellow at Stanford’s Woods Institute for the Environment. “The ethical and moral dimension of water use, I think really built during the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 332px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/rain-water.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-332913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/rain-water.jpg\" alt=\"Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems.\" width=\"332\" height=\"589\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems. \u003ccite>(Albert Barlow/Rain Water Systems)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They have a practical and pragmatic mentality about how to get things done,” adds Marcus. “They think more as a community. I find it inspiring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Water Use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had here a phenomenon that people called ‘bucket back,” Nelson says, describing the back strain Aussies would suffer from catching the excess shower water in buckets and hauling it outside to water the garden — an affliction \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/18/drought-diary-san-francisco-use-a-bucket-for-watering-plants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">now endured by many Californians\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nelson’s hometown of Melbourne gets just about the same average rainfall as San Francisco — about 23 inches a year. She estimates that about half the homes in Melbourne now have systems to capture and store rain, and newer homes are being built with dual plumbing systems to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/09/use-of-greywater-catching-on-as-drought-continues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recycle greywater\u003c/a>. (For example, rinse water from the washing machine goes to the toilet for flushing.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spurred by the Big Dry, residential water use in Melbourne shrank to about 40 gallons per person, per day — including outside watering. Californians still average more than double that, despite unprecedented statewide restrictions on water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Desalination: A Cautionary Tale\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Australia’s government spent $25 billion on drought countermeasures — that’s three times as much as the water bond that Californians passed last year — for a country with a little more than half the population of California. That ambitious program included a string of desalination plants along the coast, a decision that many question in retrospect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332929\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-332929\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\" alt=\"Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia’s ‘Big Dry.’ \" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM-400x275.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia’s ‘Big Dry.’ \u003ccite>(Australian Bureau of Meteorology)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Desalination is considered a holy grail by water managers,” says Heberger. “The ocean is essentially a limitless source of water. The problem is that it’s expensive, and it’s energy-intensive to take the salt out of the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consequently, when the rains returned to Australia, which they did with a vengeance at the end of 2010, desalted seawater could no longer compete price-wise with water that fell from the sky. “And so you’ve got these very expensive projects that have, for now at least, been sort of mothballed,” says Heberger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That pendulum could swing back soon as historically strong El Niño conditions in the Pacific Ocean threaten drought again in Australia (the opposite of its likely effect here).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years into California’s drought, the desal train is gaining speed here. This nation’s \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25859513/nations-largest-ocean-desalination-plant-goes-up-near\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">largest plant\u003c/a> is about to go online in Carlsbad, with at least a dozen more on the drawing board. Nelson says there’s a cautionary tale here: the best decisions for drought planning are not made during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most ordinary citizens would say it’s fantastic to have a climate-independent source of water,” she said. “But the panic that’s generated during drought, many people say, led the [Melbourne] desal plant to be built many, many more times bigger than it really should’ve been. And as a result, it’s very, very costly, even though it’s not being used.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332933\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-332933\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg\" alt=\"A secret service agent looks over a fallowed field near the Fresno County town of Firebaugh, during a February 2014 visit by President Obama to announce emergency drought relief measures.\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg 2400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-400x232.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-800x464.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1440x835.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1920x1113.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1180x684.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-960x556.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A secret service agent looks over a fallowed field near the Fresno County town of Firebaugh, during a February 2014 visit by President Obama to announce emergency drought relief measures. \u003ccite>(Wally Skalij/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many parallels between here and there when it comes to water. In both places, most of the water is in the north, most of the people in the south. The rain tends not to fall during the growing season. And Australia’s agriculture — like California’s — uses by far the biggest volume of water, more than two-thirds in Australia, closer to three-quarters in California (of the water available for human use).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s where transplanting lessons gets a little tricky. Here, farm water is meted out by a longstanding — some would say byzantine — system of property rights: junior, senior, riparian, pre-1914, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That consideration just doesn’t exist in Australia,” says Nelson. “The way that Australian water law manages scarcity is, if there’s less water around, everybody takes a haircut.” She and Marcus agree, that’s made it easier for Australians to develop an enviable system of water marketing for farmers and ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as easy to sell water from your water bank account as it is to just transfer money from a normal bank account,” Nelson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more than one observer has put it, Californians tend to settle their accounts in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if Australia is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_28185150/california-drought-can-we-learn-from-australias-big\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">useful laboratory\u003c/a> for developing drought resilience, does that mean that California needs its own nine-year drought as a kind of shock therapy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t wish that on anyone,” says Heberger. “But it did certainly do a lot to raise awareness. Everyone could tell you, you know, how high the water level in the reservoir is, that people become much more attuned to where our water comes from, that we’re taking it out of the environment and using it. And that has repercussions and an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Awareness has already proven to be a powerful conservation tool in California’s four-year drought. But long-term “water security” for the Golden State will take political will and compromise — something else that is often in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
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},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
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"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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