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"content": "\u003cp>Bay Area residents have become used to the ritual of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\">checking online maps for local air quality\u003c/a> amid burning forests and chaparral near and far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 2018 Camp Fire, \u003ca href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s4\">AirNow\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, an air quality website maintained by a partnership of states, the federal government, Canada and Mexico, crashed because it could not handle so many people flocking online to put numbers to what their noses were telling them: The air seemed really bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">The failure sent web users \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1950648/californians-turn-to-low-cost-sensors-for-highly-local-air-quality-info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s4\">rushing\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to alternative, unofficial websites like the interactive, crowdsourced map maintained by \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?mylocation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s4\">PurpleAir\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a manufacturer of low-cost air monitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But users have noticed a discrepancy between what official sites are reporting and the readings displayed on PurpleAir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So, what’s the deal?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadly put, PurpleAir provides more localized, more current and less accurate readings than AirNow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA and the U.S. Forest Service have a \u003ca href=\"https://fire.airnow.gov/?lat=37.768719999999995&lng=-122.4454258&zoom=12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">project\u003c/a> of what some may consider to be the Holy Grail of air quality maps: combined readings taken from PurpleAir’s low-cost sensors and those from official government monitoring devices, all in a single map. Click \u003ca href=\"https://fire.airnow.gov/?lat=37.7576497&lng=-122.4353884&zoom=10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> or on the image below to access the map; the circles represent official government monitors, the squares indicate PurpleAir sensors, and the triangles show temporary monitors set up by government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969281\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://fire.airnow.gov/?lat=37.7576497&lng=-122.4353884&zoom=10\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969281 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/09/Air-quality-map-purple-air-airnow-1020x544.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"341\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/09/Air-quality-map-purple-air-airnow-1020x544.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/09/Air-quality-map-purple-air-airnow-800x427.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/09/Air-quality-map-purple-air-airnow-160x85.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/09/Air-quality-map-purple-air-airnow-768x410.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/09/Air-quality-map-purple-air-airnow-1536x819.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/09/Air-quality-map-purple-air-airnow-2048x1092.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/09/Air-quality-map-purple-air-airnow-1920x1024.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot from AirNow Fire and Smoke map, a pilot project, on Sept. 4, 2020.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">“While these [unofficial] sensors don’t meet the rigorous standards required for regulatory monitors, they can help you get a picture of air quality nearest you, especially when wildfire smoke is in your area,” the website states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PurpleAir readings and those from government sensors like the ones maintained by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District differ in several key ways: speed, accuracy and placement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">Users of PurpleAir can toggle between real-time data and readings averaged over the last 10 or 30 minutes. The data comes from the commercial sensors the company sells, which members of the public install on porches, yards and other neighborhood sites. The readings can be helpful for people deciding whether to go for a walk or engage in other outdoor activity. (Remember to deselect “indoor sensors” to see outdoors-only readings.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">The AirNow site displays hourly, not real-time, readings. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">The government sensors that send data to AirNow are very expensive, state-regulated and regularly calibrated by scientists to accurately measure the density of wildfire ash and other particles in the air. But they are more sparsely located than PurpleAir’s network of hundreds of monitors in the region. In contrast, PurpleAir’s devices rely on a laser to count the particles in the air, and use an average density to determine air quality at the monitor’s location. 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"title": "No, You Didn’t Wake Up to the Apocalypse. Wildfire Smoke Turns Bay Area Sky Orange and Dark",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11837194/no-no-se-desperto-en-medio-del-apocalipsis-el-humo-de-los-incendios-forestales-oscurece-el-cielo-del-area-de-la-bahia-y-lo-vuelve-anaranjado\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In days of yore, when people looked to the heavens for omens of doom, waking up in the morning to an orange-tinged sky with only a hint of light filtering through may have been enough to signal the end of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it takes that plus massive wildfires, extreme heat, power shutoffs, filthy air and worldwide contagion to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=apocalypse%20san%20francisco&src=typed_query\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">do the trick\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of midmorning, it still looked, quite eerily, like dawn’s early light in the region. But if you’re thinking sign-of-apocalypse, that’s not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right'] Dense smoke plumes from several large wildfires burning in parts of Northern California and even Oregon are blocking out the sun, shrouding the Bay Area in an orange glow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have multiple layers of clouds down near our regular marine layer,” said Jan Null, a meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services. “Up above, we have three or four different layers of smoke coming from a variety of fires as far away as Oregon; some fires to the east of Chico.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those layers, which cover most of the western two-thirds of California and are filtering out the sun, are made up of different densities of smoke. “In some cases, some of those plumes are 20 or 30,000 feet where they’re being risen up by the heat from these fires,” Null said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ggweather/status/1303705734656348160?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke particles scatter blue light, so only yellow, orange and red light reach through, which is what’s causing the sky’s peculiar tinge right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null says the conditions could last for another couple of days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not really looking at a good sea breeze that’s going to help clear out the lower levels,” he said. “Until some of these bigger fires are contained — or we see a significant wind shift aloft — we’re going to wake up to these yellow mornings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service says there’s an unprecedented amount of smoke in the atmosphere as a record number of acres burn across California and the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1303720348605538305?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The smoke is high up in the air, and — right now — the air quality is not as bad.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This morning, we’re seeing mostly moderate air quality,” said Kristine Roselius, a spokesperson for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District. “But as the day goes on, that will deteriorate.” She said the North and East Bay especially could be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North Complex Fire is one of the main contributors of the smoke; that wildfire erupted near Lake Oroville in the Sierra Nevada on Tuesday and spread at a rate of 1,000 acres every 30 minutes, according to Jake Cagle, the fire’s operations section chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had extreme fire behavior and extreme fire growth,” Cagle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FUSFSPlumas%2Fvideos%2F2783637955295346%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Dense smoke plumes from several large wildfires are shrouding the Bay Area in eerie orange light. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11837194/no-no-se-desperto-en-medio-del-apocalipsis-el-humo-de-los-incendios-forestales-oscurece-el-cielo-del-area-de-la-bahia-y-lo-vuelve-anaranjado\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In days of yore, when people looked to the heavens for omens of doom, waking up in the morning to an orange-tinged sky with only a hint of light filtering through may have been enough to signal the end of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, it takes that plus massive wildfires, extreme heat, power shutoffs, filthy air and worldwide contagion to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=apocalypse%20san%20francisco&src=typed_query\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">do the trick\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of midmorning, it still looked, quite eerily, like dawn’s early light in the region. But if you’re thinking sign-of-apocalypse, that’s not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Dense smoke plumes from several large wildfires burning in parts of Northern California and even Oregon are blocking out the sun, shrouding the Bay Area in an orange glow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have multiple layers of clouds down near our regular marine layer,” said Jan Null, a meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services. “Up above, we have three or four different layers of smoke coming from a variety of fires as far away as Oregon; some fires to the east of Chico.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those layers, which cover most of the western two-thirds of California and are filtering out the sun, are made up of different densities of smoke. “In some cases, some of those plumes are 20 or 30,000 feet where they’re being risen up by the heat from these fires,” Null said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Smoke particles scatter blue light, so only yellow, orange and red light reach through, which is what’s causing the sky’s peculiar tinge right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Null says the conditions could last for another couple of days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not really looking at a good sea breeze that’s going to help clear out the lower levels,” he said. “Until some of these bigger fires are contained — or we see a significant wind shift aloft — we’re going to wake up to these yellow mornings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service says there’s an unprecedented amount of smoke in the atmosphere as a record number of acres burn across California and the West.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The smoke is high up in the air, and — right now — the air quality is not as bad.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This morning, we’re seeing mostly moderate air quality,” said Kristine Roselius, a spokesperson for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District. “But as the day goes on, that will deteriorate.” She said the North and East Bay especially could be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North Complex Fire is one of the main contributors of the smoke; that wildfire erupted near Lake Oroville in the Sierra Nevada on Tuesday and spread at a rate of 1,000 acres every 30 minutes, according to Jake Cagle, the fire’s operations section chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had extreme fire behavior and extreme fire growth,” Cagle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FUSFSPlumas%2Fvideos%2F2783637955295346%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Bay Area Experiences Worst Air Quality in the World Due to Wildfires",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Experiences Worst Air Quality in the World Due to Wildfires | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Aug. 21\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of following shelter-at-home orders due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Bay Area residents now have another reason to stay inside: dangerously poor air quality from a series of wildfires, which continue to burn out of control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Air Quality Index\u003c/a> in the region degenerated to \u003ca href=\"https://waqi.info/#/c/2.436/50.934/1.4z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">worst-in-the-world \u003c/a>status this week, with the unhealthiest conditions south, east and northeast of San Francisco, as smoke spread outward from the LNU, SCU and CZU Lightning Complex fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are urging people in areas where the air is classified as “unhealthy” — displayed as red on color-coded maps — to stay indoors, particularly those with respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD, as well as older adults, children and teens. For those who have to go out, the recommendation is to avoid strenuous outdoor activities or to shorten the amount of time outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forecast calls for the air to stay unhealthy for sensitive groups, such as those with heart or lung disease, throughout the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/clean-air/emergencies-and-natural-disasters/wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Lung Association in California\u003c/a> offered the following advice for local residents struggling with the simultaneous health risks of smoke, extreme heat and COVID-19:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Stay inside as much as possible, with doors, windows and fireplace dampers shut — and clean air circulating through air conditioners and/or air cleaners. Residents should use the recirculation setting on their home air conditioners to avoid outdoor air contamination. Using whole house fans is not recommended because they can allow unfiltered outside air into the home.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Those with chronic lung disease are encouraged to gather all their medications, delivery devices, prescriptions and insurance cards in one spot so they can quickly be transported in the event of an evacuation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If evacuating, remember to continue to follow guidance around COVID-19 such as practicing social distancing, wearing a cloth face covering and using hand sanitizer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contact a physician immediately if lung disease symptoms worsen or are not relieved by the usual medicines. Seek medical attention if experiencing wheezing, shortness of breath, difficulty taking a full breath, chest heaviness, lightheadedness, and dizziness.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid exercising outdoors, particularly if you smell smoke or experience eye or throat irritation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For those returning to a fire-damaged home, limit exposure to ash by wearing protective clothing, gloves, goggles and a fitted N95 mask, if available. Note that a cloth mask, such as those often used to prevent the spread of COVID-19, will not adequately protect lungs from particles found in wildfire smoke.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Breathing particulate-heavy air could make people more susceptible to the novel coronavirus, says Dr. Madhavi Dandu, professor of medicine at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A\u003cspan data-pm-slice='1 1 [\"paragraph-wrapper\",null,\"paragraph\",null]'>ir pollution and all type of particulate matter, but especially the particulate 2.5 that we see in fires, can really impact both lung health as well as just general immune health,” Dandu said. “O\u003c/span>\u003cspan data-pm-slice='1 1 [\"paragraph-wrapper\",null,\"paragraph\",null]'>ne of the things that it does is destroy these little hairs that we call cilia that are in the lungs, which are ways to protect the lungs. They basically wipe off the germs, or spread off the germs, so that they don’t eventually get into the bloodstream.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dandu says given the health risks associated with breathing in smoke, “staying out of the polluted air if at all possible is the safest thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> ‘A Very Complicated Situation’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"x_docs-internal-guid-f791b892-7fff-1715-bcab-9128ac424c34\" dir=\"ltr\">Considering the array of disasters the region is now facing, Solano County Health Officer Dr. Bela Matyas says, the choices for staying safe are no longer cut and dried, and the confluence of heat and wildfire smoke amid the backdrop of the coronavirus pandemic is making an already difficult situation worse, particularly for people with underlying health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">For instance, for the many people in the region without air conditioning, cooled public spaces like movie theaters, malls and libraries are closed due to the pandemic. So some people now face the hard trade-off between opening the windows to get relief from the heat and breathing in the smoke that it allows in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“This is a very complicated situation. There is no perfect solution here, because solutions for one exacerbate the other,” Matyas said. “And so the compromise of trying to protect against all of these multiple things happening at the same time is the best that we can do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">For people with a respiratory illness, breathing in wildfire smoke can be especially dangerous, he says. But those without underlying health concerns might consider opening the windows to cool their living space for a short time before closing them again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">For the most vulnerable, the county is operating three combined cooling-evacuation centers, Matyas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">He called it “a little bit tricky, because as people are showing up, we need to screen them [for COVID-19]. But a lot of the symptoms that we screen for are actually created by the smoke. So a person shows up at an evacuation site coughing and short of breath, who’s just come from an evacuated zone within the fire. How do you know that it’s the smoke that did that as opposed to COVID?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">As for facial coverings, he distinguished between the less protective masks people are using to slow the spread of the coronavirus with the N95s that filter out harmful smoke particles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“If you’re going to be going to a congregating environment like an evacuation center, by all means, bring your [anticoronavirus] mask so that when you’re indoors, you can maintain social distancing,” he said. “But I don’t think you can rely on masks as one of the elements of the strategy to protect against the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“N95 would be an appropriate type of mask to wear to protect yourself from dust and smoke. But those masks aren’t available” because of a shortage caused by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">In San Francisco, which spent much of the day engulfed in air classified as “unhealthy,” either for sensitive groups or the general population, Mayor London Breed put the latest crises in the context of a warming globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“The effects of climate change are already being felt,” she said, “and sadly we know events like these are only going to become more common with drier weather and hotter temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">\u003cem>Jon Brooks and Danielle Venton contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Aug. 21\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of following shelter-at-home orders due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Bay Area residents now have another reason to stay inside: dangerously poor air quality from a series of wildfires, which continue to burn out of control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Air Quality Index\u003c/a> in the region degenerated to \u003ca href=\"https://waqi.info/#/c/2.436/50.934/1.4z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">worst-in-the-world \u003c/a>status this week, with the unhealthiest conditions south, east and northeast of San Francisco, as smoke spread outward from the LNU, SCU and CZU Lightning Complex fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are urging people in areas where the air is classified as “unhealthy” — displayed as red on color-coded maps — to stay indoors, particularly those with respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD, as well as older adults, children and teens. For those who have to go out, the recommendation is to avoid strenuous outdoor activities or to shorten the amount of time outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forecast calls for the air to stay unhealthy for sensitive groups, such as those with heart or lung disease, throughout the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.lung.org/clean-air/emergencies-and-natural-disasters/wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">American Lung Association in California\u003c/a> offered the following advice for local residents struggling with the simultaneous health risks of smoke, extreme heat and COVID-19:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Stay inside as much as possible, with doors, windows and fireplace dampers shut — and clean air circulating through air conditioners and/or air cleaners. Residents should use the recirculation setting on their home air conditioners to avoid outdoor air contamination. Using whole house fans is not recommended because they can allow unfiltered outside air into the home.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Those with chronic lung disease are encouraged to gather all their medications, delivery devices, prescriptions and insurance cards in one spot so they can quickly be transported in the event of an evacuation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If evacuating, remember to continue to follow guidance around COVID-19 such as practicing social distancing, wearing a cloth face covering and using hand sanitizer.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contact a physician immediately if lung disease symptoms worsen or are not relieved by the usual medicines. Seek medical attention if experiencing wheezing, shortness of breath, difficulty taking a full breath, chest heaviness, lightheadedness, and dizziness.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Avoid exercising outdoors, particularly if you smell smoke or experience eye or throat irritation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For those returning to a fire-damaged home, limit exposure to ash by wearing protective clothing, gloves, goggles and a fitted N95 mask, if available. Note that a cloth mask, such as those often used to prevent the spread of COVID-19, will not adequately protect lungs from particles found in wildfire smoke.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Breathing particulate-heavy air could make people more susceptible to the novel coronavirus, says Dr. Madhavi Dandu, professor of medicine at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A\u003cspan data-pm-slice='1 1 [\"paragraph-wrapper\",null,\"paragraph\",null]'>ir pollution and all type of particulate matter, but especially the particulate 2.5 that we see in fires, can really impact both lung health as well as just general immune health,” Dandu said. “O\u003c/span>\u003cspan data-pm-slice='1 1 [\"paragraph-wrapper\",null,\"paragraph\",null]'>ne of the things that it does is destroy these little hairs that we call cilia that are in the lungs, which are ways to protect the lungs. They basically wipe off the germs, or spread off the germs, so that they don’t eventually get into the bloodstream.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dandu says given the health risks associated with breathing in smoke, “staying out of the polluted air if at all possible is the safest thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> ‘A Very Complicated Situation’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"x_docs-internal-guid-f791b892-7fff-1715-bcab-9128ac424c34\" dir=\"ltr\">Considering the array of disasters the region is now facing, Solano County Health Officer Dr. Bela Matyas says, the choices for staying safe are no longer cut and dried, and the confluence of heat and wildfire smoke amid the backdrop of the coronavirus pandemic is making an already difficult situation worse, particularly for people with underlying health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">For instance, for the many people in the region without air conditioning, cooled public spaces like movie theaters, malls and libraries are closed due to the pandemic. So some people now face the hard trade-off between opening the windows to get relief from the heat and breathing in the smoke that it allows in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“This is a very complicated situation. There is no perfect solution here, because solutions for one exacerbate the other,” Matyas said. “And so the compromise of trying to protect against all of these multiple things happening at the same time is the best that we can do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">For people with a respiratory illness, breathing in wildfire smoke can be especially dangerous, he says. But those without underlying health concerns might consider opening the windows to cool their living space for a short time before closing them again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">For the most vulnerable, the county is operating three combined cooling-evacuation centers, Matyas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">He called it “a little bit tricky, because as people are showing up, we need to screen them [for COVID-19]. But a lot of the symptoms that we screen for are actually created by the smoke. So a person shows up at an evacuation site coughing and short of breath, who’s just come from an evacuated zone within the fire. How do you know that it’s the smoke that did that as opposed to COVID?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">As for facial coverings, he distinguished between the less protective masks people are using to slow the spread of the coronavirus with the N95s that filter out harmful smoke particles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“If you’re going to be going to a congregating environment like an evacuation center, by all means, bring your [anticoronavirus] mask so that when you’re indoors, you can maintain social distancing,” he said. “But I don’t think you can rely on masks as one of the elements of the strategy to protect against the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“N95 would be an appropriate type of mask to wear to protect yourself from dust and smoke. But those masks aren’t available” because of a shortage caused by the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">In San Francisco, which spent much of the day engulfed in air classified as “unhealthy,” either for sensitive groups or the general population, Mayor London Breed put the latest crises in the context of a warming globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\">“The effects of climate change are already being felt,” she said, “and sadly we know events like these are only going to become more common with drier weather and hotter temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Bay Area’s grueling commute has all but disappeared as millions of people stay home at the order of public health officials seeking to slow the spread of this coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As millions of cars sit parked on the street or collect dust in garages, and public transit agencies drastically reduce service, researchers with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District say there’s some indication that regional air pollution is way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traffic is the top contributor to air pollution in the Bay Area,” Kristine Roselius, a spokeswoman for the agency, said in an email. “Reducing the number of cars and trucks on our roads can have a significant, positive effect on our air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the agency took early reports estimating bridge traffic was down by 70% and used them to calculate a corresponding reduction in pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s numbers show a potential 20% reduction in fine particulates and a 38% drop in nitrogen oxides. Carbon dioxide emissions, the leading driver of climate change, would be down 26%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Roselius said the estimate is likely “conservative” and traffic could have dipped by even more, though she cautions that researchers need to see more data before they can detect an actual trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/port-of-oakland-updates/\">says\u003c/a> shipping traffic was down 11% in March. That could also contribute to a reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, weather plays a major role in local air quality. A persistent low-pressure system hovering over Southern California has kept the air crisp and clear, according to Rick Canepa, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pressure system brought blustery, rainy conditions to the region in late March and early April, one reason for the puffy cloud formations the last few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima, a San Francisco-based air quality mapping startup, says that Bay Area pollution levels have continuously declined since March 17, when many counties initiated stay-at-home orders, according to Meg Thurlow, the company’s vice president of Sensing Systems and Applied Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to see the same large-scale changes that we have been seeing in air pollution across a variety of pollutants, especially those associated with traffic and fossil fuel combustion,” said Thurlow. (Aclima is publishing the results in \u003ca href=\"https://blog.aclima.io/bay-area-pollutant-levels-drop-for-second-week-b51be2dc5677\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">posts like this.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961748 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is especially true in West Oakland, a neighborhood bounded by freeways and the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project and other advocacy groups have long noted punishing air pollution and high local asthma rates, which they say are caused by toxic diesel fumes from trucks driving in and out of the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima is tracking a reduction in the region’s carbon footprint using aggregated data from air regulators, as well as sensors, including some attached to low-emission cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2015, Aclima has mapped air quality in West Oakland and noted higher pollution levels compared to the broader Bay Area. Thurlow said that West Oakland’s carbon dioxide levels have dropped below the Bay Area regional average during the coronavirus crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the reduction in pollution provides “a really positive indicator to people that our actions are important with respect to air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this is a brief reprieve when there’s a lifetime of pollution disparities that have existed throughout a lot of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Bay Area’s grueling commute has all but disappeared as millions of people stay home at the order of public health officials seeking to slow the spread of this coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As millions of cars sit parked on the street or collect dust in garages, and public transit agencies drastically reduce service, researchers with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District say there’s some indication that regional air pollution is way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traffic is the top contributor to air pollution in the Bay Area,” Kristine Roselius, a spokeswoman for the agency, said in an email. “Reducing the number of cars and trucks on our roads can have a significant, positive effect on our air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the agency took early reports estimating bridge traffic was down by 70% and used them to calculate a corresponding reduction in pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s numbers show a potential 20% reduction in fine particulates and a 38% drop in nitrogen oxides. Carbon dioxide emissions, the leading driver of climate change, would be down 26%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Roselius said the estimate is likely “conservative” and traffic could have dipped by even more, though she cautions that researchers need to see more data before they can detect an actual trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://www.portofoakland.com/port-of-oakland-updates/\">says\u003c/a> shipping traffic was down 11% in March. That could also contribute to a reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, weather plays a major role in local air quality. A persistent low-pressure system hovering over Southern California has kept the air crisp and clear, according to Rick Canepa, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service in Monterey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pressure system brought blustery, rainy conditions to the region in late March and early April, one reason for the puffy cloud formations the last few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima, a San Francisco-based air quality mapping startup, says that Bay Area pollution levels have continuously declined since March 17, when many counties initiated stay-at-home orders, according to Meg Thurlow, the company’s vice president of Sensing Systems and Applied Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to see the same large-scale changes that we have been seeing in air pollution across a variety of pollutants, especially those associated with traffic and fossil fuel combustion,” said Thurlow. (Aclima is publishing the results in \u003ca href=\"https://blog.aclima.io/bay-area-pollutant-levels-drop-for-second-week-b51be2dc5677\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">posts like this.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1961748 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/04/RS42688_SF_Covid_March20-April4_high-1-sfi-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is especially true in West Oakland, a neighborhood bounded by freeways and the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project and other advocacy groups have long noted punishing air pollution and high local asthma rates, which they say are caused by toxic diesel fumes from trucks driving in and out of the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aclima is tracking a reduction in the region’s carbon footprint using aggregated data from air regulators, as well as sensors, including some attached to low-emission cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2015, Aclima has mapped air quality in West Oakland and noted higher pollution levels compared to the broader Bay Area. Thurlow said that West Oakland’s carbon dioxide levels have dropped below the Bay Area regional average during the coronavirus crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the reduction in pollution provides “a really positive indicator to people that our actions are important with respect to air quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But this is a brief reprieve when there’s a lifetime of pollution disparities that have existed throughout a lot of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Fleet Of Cars to Collect Block-by-Block Air Quality Data in Bay Area",
"headTitle": "Fleet Of Cars to Collect Block-by-Block Air Quality Data in Bay Area | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A fleet of Toyota Priuses equipped with sensors to detect greenhouse gases, particulate matter and other pollutants is monitoring air quality across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District announced this month that the hybrids will collect block-by-block data from all nine Bay Area counties, spanning more than 5,000 square miles of public roads. The district will use data collected through this year and early 2021 to create hyper-local air quality maps. Those will be available to the public on the BAAQMD’s website starting later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Bay Area Air Quality Management District’s fleet of low-emissions cars will measure air quality with a unit of sensors stored in the back. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The air district is partnering with technology company \u003ca href=\"https://aclima.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aclima\u003c/a> to outfit the mobile fleet with sensors that measure pollution in the form of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and fine particulate matter, all detrimental to human health. Aclima will help analyze the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality district executive officer Jack Broadbent says recent wildfires, climate change and federal rollbacks of emission standards have created a need for more precise local air quality tracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we need now, more than ever, are facts,” Broadbent said, adding that his agency is going to use “new technologies and approaches to build upon our air quality data to better inform our actions and protect Bay Area residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has 30 stationary air monitoring stations spread across the region. Data from these stations feeds into the continually updating federal \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&cityid=317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AirNow map\u003c/a>. But this data doesn’t reflect the differences in air quality across all Bay Area cities or neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote] The Air Quality District’s chief says the data will “help drive the air quality and climate efforts well into the future.”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published in \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology\u003c/em> in 2017 showed that pollution in West Oakland could \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1950648/californians-turn-to-low-cost-sensors-for-highly-local-air-quality-info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vary significantly from block to block\u003c/a>. The researchers mounted air sensors onto Google Street View cars. Air quality maps that use data from consumer air sensors, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Purple Air\u003c/a>, have painted a similar picture in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The air intake valve on one of the Air District’s new pollution monitoring cars. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the BAAQMD won’t post the new data in real time, it will be compiled over months and used to create a public map of air pollution and greenhouse levels on every block in the Bay Area. The map will be similar to the \u003ca href=\"https://insights.aclima.io/west-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one\u003c/a> created for West Oakland, according to Aclima.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new data will help us identify pollution hotspots in order to strengthen and target our actions to reduce emissions … partnering with local governments and communities to protect public health,” said Ranyee Chiang, the BAAQMD’s director of meterology and measurement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadbent says the project will give policymakers accurate data to “help drive the air quality and climate efforts well into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August the district dispatched the first vehicles to the Richmond-San Pablo area. The fleet has since expanded to San Francisco, Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties. The rollout will be completed in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from BAAQMD and Aclima say the Bay Area fleet will eventually number “dozens” of cars that measure air quality 24 hours a day, seven days a week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A fleet of Toyota Priuses equipped with sensors to detect greenhouse gases, particulate matter and other pollutants is monitoring air quality across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District announced this month that the hybrids will collect block-by-block data from all nine Bay Area counties, spanning more than 5,000 square miles of public roads. The district will use data collected through this year and early 2021 to create hyper-local air quality maps. Those will be available to the public on the BAAQMD’s website starting later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Bay Area Air Quality Management District’s fleet of low-emissions cars will measure air quality with a unit of sensors stored in the back. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The air district is partnering with technology company \u003ca href=\"https://aclima.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aclima\u003c/a> to outfit the mobile fleet with sensors that measure pollution in the form of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and fine particulate matter, all detrimental to human health. Aclima will help analyze the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality district executive officer Jack Broadbent says recent wildfires, climate change and federal rollbacks of emission standards have created a need for more precise local air quality tracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we need now, more than ever, are facts,” Broadbent said, adding that his agency is going to use “new technologies and approaches to build upon our air quality data to better inform our actions and protect Bay Area residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has 30 stationary air monitoring stations spread across the region. Data from these stations feeds into the continually updating federal \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&cityid=317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AirNow map\u003c/a>. But this data doesn’t reflect the differences in air quality across all Bay Area cities or neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": " The Air Quality District’s chief says the data will “help drive the air quality and climate efforts well into the future.”",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published in \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology\u003c/em> in 2017 showed that pollution in West Oakland could \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1950648/californians-turn-to-low-cost-sensors-for-highly-local-air-quality-info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vary significantly from block to block\u003c/a>. The researchers mounted air sensors onto Google Street View cars. Air quality maps that use data from consumer air sensors, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Purple Air\u003c/a>, have painted a similar picture in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955800\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Air-Quality-Photo-3-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The air intake valve on one of the Air District’s new pollution monitoring cars. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While the BAAQMD won’t post the new data in real time, it will be compiled over months and used to create a public map of air pollution and greenhouse levels on every block in the Bay Area. The map will be similar to the \u003ca href=\"https://insights.aclima.io/west-oakland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one\u003c/a> created for West Oakland, according to Aclima.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new data will help us identify pollution hotspots in order to strengthen and target our actions to reduce emissions … partnering with local governments and communities to protect public health,” said Ranyee Chiang, the BAAQMD’s director of meterology and measurement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadbent says the project will give policymakers accurate data to “help drive the air quality and climate efforts well into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August the district dispatched the first vehicles to the Richmond-San Pablo area. The fleet has since expanded to San Francisco, Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties. The rollout will be completed in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from BAAQMD and Aclima say the Bay Area fleet will eventually number “dozens” of cars that measure air quality 24 hours a day, seven days a week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Researchers Probe the Toxic Soup From Wildfire",
"headTitle": "Researchers Probe the Toxic Soup From Wildfire | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Matt Rahn was about 200 feet away when flames started climbing up the side of the garage and creeping toward the car inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://news.csusm.edu/csusm-wildland-firefighting-research/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A wildfire researcher\u003c/a> with California State University San Marcos, Rahn was at the edge of \u003ca href=\"https://fire.ca.gov/incidents/2014/7/25/sand-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a fire that would go on to burn 4,240 acres\u003c/a> across California’s Amador and El Dorado counties. He was there to study the smoke rising off blackening shrubs and trees. Watching the garage burn, though, he realized that firefighters fending off flames without any real lung protection were inhaling more than airborne remnants of burnt plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about the average home, all the chemicals and things that are in there, not to mention all the building materials and furniture,” said Rahn, who also is \u003ca href=\"https://temeculaca.gov/904/Council-Member-Matt-Rahn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a member of \u003c/a>Temecula’s city council. “That’s when we started really thinking about what happens. What’s in the smoke when you have all that complicated fuel being combusted at the same time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was in 2014, when wildfires burned 568 buildings across the state. Fire season is not yet over this year and the toll already is higher: three people dead and 732 buildings burned. And the state is still recovering from back-to-back years of catastrophic fires that killed 137 people and damaged or destroyed nearly 35,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/6/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">climate change primes the West to burn\u003c/a> and more \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/115/13/3314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">people build closer to nature\u003c/a>, the question of what’s in the smoke when fires tear through wilderness and homes alike is still far from being answered. Yet the health of those breathing the smoke — like the firefighters battling the flames — depends on real data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we’re trying to keep California from burning down,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.yourcsd.com/161/Message-from-the-Fire-Chief\">Michael McLaughlin\u003c/a>, chief of the Cosumnes Fire Department and legislative director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calchiefs.org/who-we-are/committees/legislative-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Fire Chiefs Association\u003c/a>. “But how do we put emphasis on those that we’re putting between the fire and the communities we’re trying to save?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On People’s Radar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a wildfire burns through grasslands, forests, and chaparral, the blaze \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf13511803/pdf13511803dpi100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">churns out fine airborne particles\u003c/a> that can irritate the lungs and have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1716846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linked to heart and lung problems\u003c/a>, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire-smoke/wildfire-smoke-guide-revised-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">premature death\u003c/a>. Deadly gases like carbon monoxide and irritating, potentially cancer-causing chemicals like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mix into the smoke cloud as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a complex soup with ingredients that can change depending on the fuel and the ferocity of the fire. And as the chemicals stew in the atmosphere, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf13511803/pdf13511803dpi100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">they continue to react\u003c/a> — breaking apart and joining together to create new ingredients to inhale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burning buildings and cars typically make up only a small proportion of wildfire smoke, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.firelab.org/profile/urbanski-shawn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shawn Urbanski\u003c/a>, a research physical scientist at the Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory — but their contributions are starting to capture scientists’ attention. “With these recent fires, it’s really sort of gotten on people’s radar,” Urbanski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For folks inhaling smoke far from its source, toxic emissions from burning cars and houses are likely to pose less of a health risk as they’re diluted away. “All the way down in the Bay Area, probably the smoke from the Paradise Fire was pretty much just wood smoke,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/john.balmes\">John Balmes\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, wood smoke isn’t benign; \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1716846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">researchers\u003c/a> as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/the-smokes-gone-but-hearts-and-lungs-still-may-be-in-danger-months-after-wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reporters at Reveal\u003c/a> found increases in emergency room visits \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6015400/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">for heart\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-016-0146-8#Sec4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">breathing problems\u003c/a> after exposure to wildfire smoke. But for people immediately downwind and for the firefighters battling the flames, the metals, carcinogens, and toxic air pollutants rising from burning homes and cars could present an additional hazard. “It definitely is an occupational risk for the firefighters when they’re trying to save buildings, and for community exposures,” Balmes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do know that municipal firefighters battling structure fires in towns and cities can run into heavy metals as well as all \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326815/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kinds of cancer-causing chemicals\u003c/a>, like formaldehyde, benzene, and asbestos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also more \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsi.illinois.edu/documents/research/CardioChemRisksModernFF_InterimReport2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prone to getting cancer\u003c/a> than the general population, according to a massive study of 30,000 firefighters in San Francisco, Chicago, and Philadelphia. The paper, published \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499779/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in the journal \u003cem>Occupational and Environmental Medicine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> reported an increase in certain cancers, including of the esophagus, lungs, mouth and throat, large intestine, and kidney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There haven’t been any similar long-term epidemiology studies of firefighters battling blazes in the wilderness, according to a deep dive into the scientific literature that was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2016_adetona001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Inhalation Toxicology\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shorter-term studies, however, have reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08958378.2011.617790\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">small drops in lung function\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/32/1/129.full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">increased inflammation\u003c/a> among wildland firefighters exposed to smoke. Kathleen Navarro is a research industrial hygienist at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health who has worked as a wildland firefighter. She estimated in a recent study published in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30981117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Environmental Research\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that based on their smoke exposures, wildland firefighters may be at greater risk of dying from lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildland firefighters also tend to battle conflagrations without any lung protection beyond a bandana or a mask to filter out airborne particles — even when they’re working where wilderness and homes intersect, a junction known as the wildland urban interface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For structure fires in towns or cities, firefighters typically use a breathing apparatus equipped with a clean air tank that lasts about 20 to 30 minutes, according to Cosumnes Fire Chief McLaughlin. That’s not feasible for wildland firefighters who can end up working long shifts, in treacherous terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why figuring out what’s in the smoke, and what it means for health, is so important, said Jesse Estrada, the department safety officer for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, also known as Cal Fire. “You get exposed to a lot of stuff over the years, and the body takes a beatdown,” he said. “We need to understand what the short term and long term effects are. The only way to know that is to let time pass as they do the research, and truly see what we are facing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Different Landscape\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the people driving this research is Aida Rodriguez, a master’s student working with Matt Rahn at CSU San Marcos. The day after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2019/10/23/kincade-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kincade fire\u003c/a> started in Sonoma County, Rodriguez hopped on a plane with a pink duffle bag full of pre-labeled glass vials, patches made out of the same Nomex material in firefighters’ uniforms, and fabric staplers. Airport security, Rodriguez said, “were concerned about everything in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, under a reddish haze of smoke on the horizon and the faint smell of camp fires in the air, Rodriguez got to work. Balancing the vials and Nomex patches on the front of a fire engine at the base camp in Santa Rosa, she tacked the material to the outside and the inside of the firefighters’ gear. She was done in about 20 minutes. “I was fast and furiously going through it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-four hours later, it was Rahn who was in charge of ripping the patches from the returning firefighters’ uniforms, pushing them into the glass vials, and mailing them to an independent lab in Ohio for testing. His team’s goal is to find out which chemicals settle on the outside of the firefighters’ uniforms while they’re fighting the flames, and which ones soak through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are they harmful chemicals? Are they cancer causing?” Rodriguez said. “If that’s something we can answer, then you can develop a decontamination protocol to mitigate the exposure to those chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists across the country are asking these questions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-03/documents/holderamara_biosketche_aemd.pdf\">Amara Holder\u003c/a>, a scientist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, is working with the U.S. Forest Service to review what we know — and what we don’t — about the air pollution from fires that burn homes and wilderness together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high for firefighters and other emergency responders, and for the people living close to a conflagration. “You’ve got smoke from a house, or a car, as well as trees,” Holder said. “It’s just a different landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key will be measuring what’s in the smoke, and determining how far these pollutants travel — as some might dissipate before they reach nearby towns, and some might not. Figuring that out could help guide evacuations and determine when and where wildland firefighters need to wear protective equipment. “Then we’ll know what we need to do to protect people,” Holder said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navarro, the scientist who has worked as a wildland firefighter, is taking an even closer\u003cem> \u003c/em>look at wildland firefighter health — by studying their bodily fluids. She and a team of researchers at the University of Miami and the University of Arizona are collecting blood and urine samples from firefighters battling fires at the interface between homes and nature. She’s looking for signs of metals, certain flame retardants, and a family of chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110062114200237\">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\u003c/a> that’s known to include carcinogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those environments, firefighters’ chemical exposures become much more complex, according to Navarro’s colleague, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/Membership/member-sections/Metro-Chiefs/Urban-Fire-Forum/2019/2019UFFCancerRegistry.ashx?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kenneth Fent\u003c/a>. “There are a lot more questions about their health risks even above and beyond other wildland firefighters where it may be more vegetation exposure,” Fent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fent is helming a voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/health.html\">National Firefighter Registry\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/p0328-firefighter-registry.html\">track the long-term health\u003c/a> of any firefighter who signs up. The goal is to understand the long-term cancer risk of firefighters across the field, from those rushing into burning buildings to those fighting to keep a wildfire from engulfing a nearby town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For wildland firefighters in particular, he said, this is the kind of study that’s been missing. And identifying the risks is the first step for trying to prevent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expensive Consideration\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why don’t we know yet what long-term health problems might plague wildland firefighters? One reason is logistics: it’s tough for scientists to tag along with firefighters while they’re working in extreme conditions to save lives and homes. “To do my work, I became a firefighter,” Navarro said. Her training allows her to measure smoke exposures at active wildfires, and gives her insights into what the job as a wildland firefighter actually involves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another reason is that this research is expensive, according to CSU San Marcos’ Rahn. “The laboratory analysis costs us about $2,000 per firefighter,” he said. “This is an expensive consideration. That’s the hurdle we’re up against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the money — which Rahn said includes a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and another from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calfirelocal2881.org/\">Cal Fire Local 2881 union\u003c/a> — is running out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have struggled to find someone willing to pay to investigate the risks to wildland firefighters, he said. “We have to convince these funding agencies, believe it or not, that the work we do here is not just a California issue — this is a national concern,” he said. “It’s a challenge every year to try to receive that funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why two years ago Cal Fire Local 2881 pushed the state of California to fund the research, according to union President Tim Edwards. And \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB774\">a bill by Sen. Connie Leyva\u003c/a>, a Democrat from Chino, would have tapped $5 million from the state’s general fund to pay for wildland firefighting research at California State University campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the bill sailed through the Legislature, former Gov. Jerry Brown vetoed it, calling it a “well-intentioned and important proposal” that belonged in the budget, not legislation. Edwards, an engineer with Cal Fire and thyroid cancer survivor, said the veto was disappointing. “Being a state employee, and a state firefighter, I think that hurt me more than anything. It frustrated me more than anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Edwards said the union is working to get the funding included in the state budget. H.D. Palmer, deputy director for external affairs at the California Department of Finance, wouldn’t say whether the union’s latest efforts will work. “I’ll respectfully decline to speculate on what will or will not be included in next year’s budget proposal,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Next?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are\u003cem> \u003c/em>strategies to reduce wildland firefighters’ risks by removing them from the smoke when they’re off shift, and giving them a chance to clean up, Cal Fire’s Estrada said. “It doesn’t mean that when they go out in these environments that 100 percent of the time, every firefighter is completely immersed in the smoke for the duration,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, union president Edwards said, “We’re hoping to eventually find a breathing apparatus that will work at the wildland conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate has contracted with a company called TDA Research to \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/931_R-Tech_Wildland-Firefighter-Respiration-Protection-FactSheet_180606-508.pdf\">create a lightweight respirator\u003c/a> that firefighters can use in the wildland for days to weeks. Since many wildland firefighters wear bandanas over their faces, the device is shaped like a scarf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to create something that was similar to what they use,” said Kimberli Jones-Holt, program manager with the DHS Science and Technology Directorate. Jones-Holt is optimistic that wildland firefighters could be using the device by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Rodriguez, the results aren’t back yet from the patches she sent into the smoke in Sonoma. But in the meantime, she has her glass vials and fabric staplers still packed in that pink duffle bag, ready for the next fire, she said: “It’s important for us to realize that fire season is year round. I don’t really have the time to sit and wait.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "Researchers Probe the Toxic Soup From Wildfire",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Matt Rahn was about 200 feet away when flames started climbing up the side of the garage and creeping toward the car inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://news.csusm.edu/csusm-wildland-firefighting-research/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A wildfire researcher\u003c/a> with California State University San Marcos, Rahn was at the edge of \u003ca href=\"https://fire.ca.gov/incidents/2014/7/25/sand-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a fire that would go on to burn 4,240 acres\u003c/a> across California’s Amador and El Dorado counties. He was there to study the smoke rising off blackening shrubs and trees. Watching the garage burn, though, he realized that firefighters fending off flames without any real lung protection were inhaling more than airborne remnants of burnt plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about the average home, all the chemicals and things that are in there, not to mention all the building materials and furniture,” said Rahn, who also is \u003ca href=\"https://temeculaca.gov/904/Council-Member-Matt-Rahn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a member of \u003c/a>Temecula’s city council. “That’s when we started really thinking about what happens. What’s in the smoke when you have all that complicated fuel being combusted at the same time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was in 2014, when wildfires burned 568 buildings across the state. Fire season is not yet over this year and the toll already is higher: three people dead and 732 buildings burned. And the state is still recovering from back-to-back years of catastrophic fires that killed 137 people and damaged or destroyed nearly 35,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/6/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">climate change primes the West to burn\u003c/a> and more \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/115/13/3314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">people build closer to nature\u003c/a>, the question of what’s in the smoke when fires tear through wilderness and homes alike is still far from being answered. Yet the health of those breathing the smoke — like the firefighters battling the flames — depends on real data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, we’re trying to keep California from burning down,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.yourcsd.com/161/Message-from-the-Fire-Chief\">Michael McLaughlin\u003c/a>, chief of the Cosumnes Fire Department and legislative director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calchiefs.org/who-we-are/committees/legislative-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Fire Chiefs Association\u003c/a>. “But how do we put emphasis on those that we’re putting between the fire and the communities we’re trying to save?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On People’s Radar\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a wildfire burns through grasslands, forests, and chaparral, the blaze \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf13511803/pdf13511803dpi100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">churns out fine airborne particles\u003c/a> that can irritate the lungs and have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1716846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linked to heart and lung problems\u003c/a>, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airnow/wildfire-smoke/wildfire-smoke-guide-revised-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">premature death\u003c/a>. Deadly gases like carbon monoxide and irritating, potentially cancer-causing chemicals like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mix into the smoke cloud as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a complex soup with ingredients that can change depending on the fuel and the ferocity of the fire. And as the chemicals stew in the atmosphere, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/pdfpubs/pdf13511803/pdf13511803dpi100.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">they continue to react\u003c/a> — breaking apart and joining together to create new ingredients to inhale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burning buildings and cars typically make up only a small proportion of wildfire smoke, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.firelab.org/profile/urbanski-shawn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shawn Urbanski\u003c/a>, a research physical scientist at the Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory — but their contributions are starting to capture scientists’ attention. “With these recent fires, it’s really sort of gotten on people’s radar,” Urbanski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For folks inhaling smoke far from its source, toxic emissions from burning cars and houses are likely to pose less of a health risk as they’re diluted away. “All the way down in the Bay Area, probably the smoke from the Paradise Fire was pretty much just wood smoke,” said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/john.balmes\">John Balmes\u003c/a>, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, wood smoke isn’t benign; \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1716846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">researchers\u003c/a> as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/the-smokes-gone-but-hearts-and-lungs-still-may-be-in-danger-months-after-wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reporters at Reveal\u003c/a> found increases in emergency room visits \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6015400/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">for heart\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-016-0146-8#Sec4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">breathing problems\u003c/a> after exposure to wildfire smoke. But for people immediately downwind and for the firefighters battling the flames, the metals, carcinogens, and toxic air pollutants rising from burning homes and cars could present an additional hazard. “It definitely is an occupational risk for the firefighters when they’re trying to save buildings, and for community exposures,” Balmes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We do know that municipal firefighters battling structure fires in towns and cities can run into heavy metals as well as all \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326815/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kinds of cancer-causing chemicals\u003c/a>, like formaldehyde, benzene, and asbestos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also more \u003ca href=\"https://www.fsi.illinois.edu/documents/research/CardioChemRisksModernFF_InterimReport2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prone to getting cancer\u003c/a> than the general population, according to a massive study of 30,000 firefighters in San Francisco, Chicago, and Philadelphia. The paper, published \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4499779/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in the journal \u003cem>Occupational and Environmental Medicine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> reported an increase in certain cancers, including of the esophagus, lungs, mouth and throat, large intestine, and kidney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There haven’t been any similar long-term epidemiology studies of firefighters battling blazes in the wilderness, according to a deep dive into the scientific literature that was published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/journals/pnw_2016_adetona001.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Inhalation Toxicology\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shorter-term studies, however, have reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/08958378.2011.617790\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">small drops in lung function\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/erj/32/1/129.full.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">increased inflammation\u003c/a> among wildland firefighters exposed to smoke. Kathleen Navarro is a research industrial hygienist at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health who has worked as a wildland firefighter. She estimated in a recent study published in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30981117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Environmental Research\u003c/em>\u003c/a> that based on their smoke exposures, wildland firefighters may be at greater risk of dying from lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildland firefighters also tend to battle conflagrations without any lung protection beyond a bandana or a mask to filter out airborne particles — even when they’re working where wilderness and homes intersect, a junction known as the wildland urban interface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For structure fires in towns or cities, firefighters typically use a breathing apparatus equipped with a clean air tank that lasts about 20 to 30 minutes, according to Cosumnes Fire Chief McLaughlin. That’s not feasible for wildland firefighters who can end up working long shifts, in treacherous terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why figuring out what’s in the smoke, and what it means for health, is so important, said Jesse Estrada, the department safety officer for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, also known as Cal Fire. “You get exposed to a lot of stuff over the years, and the body takes a beatdown,” he said. “We need to understand what the short term and long term effects are. The only way to know that is to let time pass as they do the research, and truly see what we are facing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Different Landscape\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the people driving this research is Aida Rodriguez, a master’s student working with Matt Rahn at CSU San Marcos. The day after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2019/10/23/kincade-fire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kincade fire\u003c/a> started in Sonoma County, Rodriguez hopped on a plane with a pink duffle bag full of pre-labeled glass vials, patches made out of the same Nomex material in firefighters’ uniforms, and fabric staplers. Airport security, Rodriguez said, “were concerned about everything in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next morning, under a reddish haze of smoke on the horizon and the faint smell of camp fires in the air, Rodriguez got to work. Balancing the vials and Nomex patches on the front of a fire engine at the base camp in Santa Rosa, she tacked the material to the outside and the inside of the firefighters’ gear. She was done in about 20 minutes. “I was fast and furiously going through it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-four hours later, it was Rahn who was in charge of ripping the patches from the returning firefighters’ uniforms, pushing them into the glass vials, and mailing them to an independent lab in Ohio for testing. His team’s goal is to find out which chemicals settle on the outside of the firefighters’ uniforms while they’re fighting the flames, and which ones soak through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are they harmful chemicals? Are they cancer causing?” Rodriguez said. “If that’s something we can answer, then you can develop a decontamination protocol to mitigate the exposure to those chemicals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists across the country are asking these questions. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-03/documents/holderamara_biosketche_aemd.pdf\">Amara Holder\u003c/a>, a scientist with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, is working with the U.S. Forest Service to review what we know — and what we don’t — about the air pollution from fires that burn homes and wilderness together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high for firefighters and other emergency responders, and for the people living close to a conflagration. “You’ve got smoke from a house, or a car, as well as trees,” Holder said. “It’s just a different landscape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key will be measuring what’s in the smoke, and determining how far these pollutants travel — as some might dissipate before they reach nearby towns, and some might not. Figuring that out could help guide evacuations and determine when and where wildland firefighters need to wear protective equipment. “Then we’ll know what we need to do to protect people,” Holder said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navarro, the scientist who has worked as a wildland firefighter, is taking an even closer\u003cem> \u003c/em>look at wildland firefighter health — by studying their bodily fluids. She and a team of researchers at the University of Miami and the University of Arizona are collecting blood and urine samples from firefighters battling fires at the interface between homes and nature. She’s looking for signs of metals, certain flame retardants, and a family of chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110062114200237\">polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\u003c/a> that’s known to include carcinogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those environments, firefighters’ chemical exposures become much more complex, according to Navarro’s colleague, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/Membership/member-sections/Metro-Chiefs/Urban-Fire-Forum/2019/2019UFFCancerRegistry.ashx?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kenneth Fent\u003c/a>. “There are a lot more questions about their health risks even above and beyond other wildland firefighters where it may be more vegetation exposure,” Fent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fent is helming a voluntary \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/health.html\">National Firefighter Registry\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2019/p0328-firefighter-registry.html\">track the long-term health\u003c/a> of any firefighter who signs up. The goal is to understand the long-term cancer risk of firefighters across the field, from those rushing into burning buildings to those fighting to keep a wildfire from engulfing a nearby town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For wildland firefighters in particular, he said, this is the kind of study that’s been missing. And identifying the risks is the first step for trying to prevent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expensive Consideration\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why don’t we know yet what long-term health problems might plague wildland firefighters? One reason is logistics: it’s tough for scientists to tag along with firefighters while they’re working in extreme conditions to save lives and homes. “To do my work, I became a firefighter,” Navarro said. Her training allows her to measure smoke exposures at active wildfires, and gives her insights into what the job as a wildland firefighter actually involves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another reason is that this research is expensive, according to CSU San Marcos’ Rahn. “The laboratory analysis costs us about $2,000 per firefighter,” he said. “This is an expensive consideration. That’s the hurdle we’re up against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the money — which Rahn said includes a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and another from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calfirelocal2881.org/\">Cal Fire Local 2881 union\u003c/a> — is running out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have struggled to find someone willing to pay to investigate the risks to wildland firefighters, he said. “We have to convince these funding agencies, believe it or not, that the work we do here is not just a California issue — this is a national concern,” he said. “It’s a challenge every year to try to receive that funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why two years ago Cal Fire Local 2881 pushed the state of California to fund the research, according to union President Tim Edwards. And \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB774\">a bill by Sen. Connie Leyva\u003c/a>, a Democrat from Chino, would have tapped $5 million from the state’s general fund to pay for wildland firefighting research at California State University campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the bill sailed through the Legislature, former Gov. Jerry Brown vetoed it, calling it a “well-intentioned and important proposal” that belonged in the budget, not legislation. Edwards, an engineer with Cal Fire and thyroid cancer survivor, said the veto was disappointing. “Being a state employee, and a state firefighter, I think that hurt me more than anything. It frustrated me more than anything,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Edwards said the union is working to get the funding included in the state budget. H.D. Palmer, deputy director for external affairs at the California Department of Finance, wouldn’t say whether the union’s latest efforts will work. “I’ll respectfully decline to speculate on what will or will not be included in next year’s budget proposal,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Next?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are\u003cem> \u003c/em>strategies to reduce wildland firefighters’ risks by removing them from the smoke when they’re off shift, and giving them a chance to clean up, Cal Fire’s Estrada said. “It doesn’t mean that when they go out in these environments that 100 percent of the time, every firefighter is completely immersed in the smoke for the duration,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, union president Edwards said, “We’re hoping to eventually find a breathing apparatus that will work at the wildland conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate has contracted with a company called TDA Research to \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/931_R-Tech_Wildland-Firefighter-Respiration-Protection-FactSheet_180606-508.pdf\">create a lightweight respirator\u003c/a> that firefighters can use in the wildland for days to weeks. Since many wildland firefighters wear bandanas over their faces, the device is shaped like a scarf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to create something that was similar to what they use,” said Kimberli Jones-Holt, program manager with the DHS Science and Technology Directorate. Jones-Holt is optimistic that wildland firefighters could be using the device by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Rodriguez, the results aren’t back yet from the patches she sent into the smoke in Sonoma. But in the meantime, she has her glass vials and fabric staplers still packed in that pink duffle bag, ready for the next fire, she said: “It’s important for us to realize that fire season is year round. I don’t really have the time to sit and wait.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Californians Turn to Low-Cost Sensors for Highly Local Air Quality Data",
"headTitle": "Californians Turn to Low-Cost Sensors for Highly Local Air Quality Data | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Last November, while the Camp Fire ripped through the town of Paradise, in Butte County, Bay Area residents 150 miles away choked on a thick layer of smoke carried southwest by the wind. For almost two straight weeks, San Franciscans, Oaklanders, and especially those living in the North Bay scrambled for N95 masks and air purifiers while experiencing some of the region’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712211/the-camp-fire-caused-nearly-two-straight-weeks-of-the-bay-areas-worst-air-quality-on-record\">worst\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712211/the-camp-fire-caused-nearly-two-straight-weeks-of-the-bay-areas-worst-air-quality-on-record\">air\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712211/the-camp-fire-caused-nearly-two-straight-weeks-of-the-bay-areas-worst-air-quality-on-record\">days\u003c/a> on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Millie Chu Baird, Environmental Defense Fund\"]‘If you live on one end of a block, pollution can vary widely from the air quality on the other end of the block. It’s an amazing thing to consider.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides getting geared up to protect themselves from the smoke, residents also flocked online to the Environmental Protection Agency’s color-coded air quality \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&cityid=317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map\u003c/a> to see just how the bad air really was, on an official level. During the Camp Fire, about 3.2 million people visited the site in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934487/why-air-quality-monitoring-sites-kept-crashing-and-where-to-find-info-now\">single\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934487/why-air-quality-monitoring-sites-kept-crashing-and-where-to-find-info-now\">week\u003c/a>, causing it to crash. KQED Science also saw a tremendous influx of web traffic to its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air quality map\u003c/a>, which mirrors the EPA data. That surge in web visitors repeated during the worst days of the Kincade Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air Quality Data Proliferates\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the EPA site, called AirNow, went down, web users rushed to alternative, unofficial websites like the interactive, crowdsourced map maintained by \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?mylocation\">PurpleAir\u003c/a>, a manufacturer of low-cost air monitors. After AirNow crashed, PurpleAir immediately saw a 200-fold increase in web traffic, according to company founder Adrian Dybwad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were using the network to try and find out how to escape the smoke,” he said. “It was a disaster and they needed to know where to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also saw a surge in orders for its signature commercial air-monitoring device, which feeds the crowdsourced \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#5.48/36.751/-117.255\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map\u003c/a> and sells for a few hundred dollars. These types of lower-cost air quality monitors have proliferated in recent years, their attraction due in large part to their ability to detect pollution at precise locations. While air regulators operate more powerful sensors, they are located at fixed positions miles apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District, for example, has 30 stations spread around the region to monitor different types of pollution, collecting data that then gets rolled into the federal AirNow map. Just 17 of the agency’s stations, each equipped with multiple monitors, detect the harmful particulate matter contained in smoke. In San Francisco, for instance, there’s just one station, located in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/Potrero+Hill,+San+Francisco,+CA/@37.7589391,-122.4276804,13.25z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x808f7fcace5d80e7:0x806284c5204795dc!8m2!3d37.7604929!4d-122.400869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Potrero Hill neighborhood\u003c/a> that is in an eastern-central part of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranyee Chiang, the air district’s director of meteorology and measurement, said that the location of air-monitoring sites is “carefully selected” to be representative of the entire Bay Area. During the Kincade fire, she said, the district worked with the California Air Resources Board to add temporary monitoring sites in the North Bay, and used meteorological data to predict smoky conditions so the public could prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the recent round of intermittent poor air quality, some on social media \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Caterina/status/1188728327273512960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">questioned\u003c/a> the accuracy of AirNow’s Bay Area map, given BAAQMD’s limited number of monitoring stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934169\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1934169 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-1200x675.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The EPA’s AirNow map showed dangerous pollution levels in the Bay Area during the Kincade Fire. \u003ccite>(AirNow)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kristine Roselius, a spokesperson for the air district, said in an email that “resources do not allow for placement of air pollution monitors in every city” but “air pollution levels, in the absence of significant local sources, are similar within each geographical region of the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how many levels of variation might there be within the color blocks that the map displays to signal the various levels of air quality? If a particular geographical tract shows green, for instance, indicating the air is “Good,” might specific locations within the area really be closer to yellow, orange, or worse, indicating a more degraded level?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would depend on many variables,” Roselius said. “For instance, on any given block in San Francisco, there could be impacts from someone burning wood in their fireplace, proximity to a major roadway, etc.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said crowdsourced data collected by monitors from private companies is “less accurate” than the agency’s monitors, and pollution readings “tend to run several times higher than the Air District’s EPA-certified monitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to note,” she said, “that our monitors are sited using strict EPA standards to get the most accurate data possible.” (PurpleAir says some studies showed its monitors run around 1.5 times the pollution readings of EPA sensors.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Roselius said, crowdsourced air sensor data like that publicized by Purple Air “can be useful,” because it “does show air quality trends in specific geographic locations and can complement” the air district’s data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Coast Air Quality Management District, which includes Orange and most of Los Angeles counties, has the same take on consumer sensors. Andrea Polidori, manager of the district’s advanced monitoring technologies section, said “accuracy is not high” for many lower-cost monitors that detect particulate matter, but that the equipment can be “reliable … in detecting trends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolute performance is not quite there yet,” Polidori said. “But they can still be very useful for the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district even uses some publicly available data from air sensor companies, saysJason Low, from the South Coast agency’s Science and Technology Advancement division. “We have a region-wide network, and having additional information that’s made available through a public data portal; we can look at that to supplement our measurements and network,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are a government agency. We have limited resources, and I’m pretty [sure people] don’t want government everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air Sensor Evaluations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evaluations of commercial air monitors have started to come out over the past few years. The South Coast Air Quality district has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/aq-spec/sensors\">evaluating\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/aq-spec/sensors\">monitors\u003c/a> under $2,000. The assessments include side-by-side testing with EPA-approved equipment, as well as laboratory testing “under a wide range of environmental conditions.” The EPA is running long-term evaluations on six models of commercial air sensors at seven locations around the country, as well as additional testing on a PurpleAir sensor. The agency also maintains a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/air-sensor-toolbox/evaluation-emerging-air-pollution-sensor-performance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list of commercially available air sensors\u003c/a> that have been tested in studies, along with the results. You’ll have to look at the column labeled R\u003csup>2 \u003c/sup>for the final verdict on performance; the higher the number, the closer the results were to federally sanctioned monitors. Don’t expect anything close to a Consumer Reports-like reading experience for any of this material; the studies are filled with technical and statistical terms only a hardcore air quality nerd could love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29683219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study, \u003c/a>published in 2018, looked at seven consumer monitors and two research monitors specifically in indoor settings, finding that the entire lot “substantially under-reported or missed events” when particles were smaller than 3 microns, a size that includes the particulate matter found in smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>West Oakland Air Quality Project\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you want evidence that more localized air quality information can sometimes be critical, look to West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945908\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1945908\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-1200x825.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"340\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-1200x825.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-800x550.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-768x528.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-1020x701.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trucks line up to enter a berth at the Port of Oakland on February 11, 2015 in Oakland, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The area is bound by interstate freeways and is home to the third busiest seaport in California. Residents have long noted punishing air pollution and high local asthma rates, which they say are caused in part by diesel fumes belched from trucks driving in and out of the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you walk by an intersection for [just] a moment, that has unhealthy air, that’s not a huge problem,” said Brian Beveridge, an organizer with the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project . “Buf if you live there on the corner, you could be experiencing a higher level of exposure most of the time than any regulatory agency recommends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the group recruited local residents to carry around backpacks with small sensors designed by researchers at UC Berkeley’s Intel Labs. The results showed a clear difference between the air quality as detected by the stationary equipment that air regulators use and what residents were breathing in their homes. In 2015, the group partnered with the Environmental Defense Fund and Google, among others, on an even more granular study, mounting air sensors on Google Street View cars that repeatedly drove around the neighborhood over the course of a year. The results showed big differences in air quality block by block across the neighborhood. Several pollution hotspots with heavy truck traffic were filled with concentrations of air pollutants consistently higher than nearby ambient levels, sometimes by more than 50%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2017, the project published its \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.7b00891\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you live on one end of a block, pollution can vary widely from the air quality on the other end of the block,” said Millie Chu Baird, an executive in the Environmental Defense Fund’s Office of the Chief Scientist. “It’s an amazing thing to consider.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Smoke created by wildfires even long distances away have helped create a surge in demand for local air quality data. ",
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"title": "Californians Turn to Low-Cost Sensors for Highly Local Air Quality Data | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last November, while the Camp Fire ripped through the town of Paradise, in Butte County, Bay Area residents 150 miles away choked on a thick layer of smoke carried southwest by the wind. For almost two straight weeks, San Franciscans, Oaklanders, and especially those living in the North Bay scrambled for N95 masks and air purifiers while experiencing some of the region’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712211/the-camp-fire-caused-nearly-two-straight-weeks-of-the-bay-areas-worst-air-quality-on-record\">worst\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712211/the-camp-fire-caused-nearly-two-straight-weeks-of-the-bay-areas-worst-air-quality-on-record\">air\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712211/the-camp-fire-caused-nearly-two-straight-weeks-of-the-bay-areas-worst-air-quality-on-record\">days\u003c/a> on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides getting geared up to protect themselves from the smoke, residents also flocked online to the Environmental Protection Agency’s color-coded air quality \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&cityid=317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map\u003c/a> to see just how the bad air really was, on an official level. During the Camp Fire, about 3.2 million people visited the site in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934487/why-air-quality-monitoring-sites-kept-crashing-and-where-to-find-info-now\">single\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934487/why-air-quality-monitoring-sites-kept-crashing-and-where-to-find-info-now\">week\u003c/a>, causing it to crash. KQED Science also saw a tremendous influx of web traffic to its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air quality map\u003c/a>, which mirrors the EPA data. That surge in web visitors repeated during the worst days of the Kincade Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air Quality Data Proliferates\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the EPA site, called AirNow, went down, web users rushed to alternative, unofficial websites like the interactive, crowdsourced map maintained by \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?mylocation\">PurpleAir\u003c/a>, a manufacturer of low-cost air monitors. After AirNow crashed, PurpleAir immediately saw a 200-fold increase in web traffic, according to company founder Adrian Dybwad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were using the network to try and find out how to escape the smoke,” he said. “It was a disaster and they needed to know where to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also saw a surge in orders for its signature commercial air-monitoring device, which feeds the crowdsourced \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#5.48/36.751/-117.255\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map\u003c/a> and sells for a few hundred dollars. These types of lower-cost air quality monitors have proliferated in recent years, their attraction due in large part to their ability to detect pollution at precise locations. While air regulators operate more powerful sensors, they are located at fixed positions miles apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District, for example, has 30 stations spread around the region to monitor different types of pollution, collecting data that then gets rolled into the federal AirNow map. Just 17 of the agency’s stations, each equipped with multiple monitors, detect the harmful particulate matter contained in smoke. In San Francisco, for instance, there’s just one station, located in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/Potrero+Hill,+San+Francisco,+CA/@37.7589391,-122.4276804,13.25z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x808f7fcace5d80e7:0x806284c5204795dc!8m2!3d37.7604929!4d-122.400869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Potrero Hill neighborhood\u003c/a> that is in an eastern-central part of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranyee Chiang, the air district’s director of meteorology and measurement, said that the location of air-monitoring sites is “carefully selected” to be representative of the entire Bay Area. During the Kincade fire, she said, the district worked with the California Air Resources Board to add temporary monitoring sites in the North Bay, and used meteorological data to predict smoky conditions so the public could prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the recent round of intermittent poor air quality, some on social media \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Caterina/status/1188728327273512960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">questioned\u003c/a> the accuracy of AirNow’s Bay Area map, given BAAQMD’s limited number of monitoring stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1934169\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1934169 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-1200x675.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/11/badsmoke-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The EPA’s AirNow map showed dangerous pollution levels in the Bay Area during the Kincade Fire. \u003ccite>(AirNow)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kristine Roselius, a spokesperson for the air district, said in an email that “resources do not allow for placement of air pollution monitors in every city” but “air pollution levels, in the absence of significant local sources, are similar within each geographical region of the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how many levels of variation might there be within the color blocks that the map displays to signal the various levels of air quality? If a particular geographical tract shows green, for instance, indicating the air is “Good,” might specific locations within the area really be closer to yellow, orange, or worse, indicating a more degraded level?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would depend on many variables,” Roselius said. “For instance, on any given block in San Francisco, there could be impacts from someone burning wood in their fireplace, proximity to a major roadway, etc.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said crowdsourced data collected by monitors from private companies is “less accurate” than the agency’s monitors, and pollution readings “tend to run several times higher than the Air District’s EPA-certified monitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to note,” she said, “that our monitors are sited using strict EPA standards to get the most accurate data possible.” (PurpleAir says some studies showed its monitors run around 1.5 times the pollution readings of EPA sensors.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Roselius said, crowdsourced air sensor data like that publicized by Purple Air “can be useful,” because it “does show air quality trends in specific geographic locations and can complement” the air district’s data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Coast Air Quality Management District, which includes Orange and most of Los Angeles counties, has the same take on consumer sensors. Andrea Polidori, manager of the district’s advanced monitoring technologies section, said “accuracy is not high” for many lower-cost monitors that detect particulate matter, but that the equipment can be “reliable … in detecting trends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolute performance is not quite there yet,” Polidori said. “But they can still be very useful for the community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district even uses some publicly available data from air sensor companies, saysJason Low, from the South Coast agency’s Science and Technology Advancement division. “We have a region-wide network, and having additional information that’s made available through a public data portal; we can look at that to supplement our measurements and network,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are a government agency. We have limited resources, and I’m pretty [sure people] don’t want government everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air Sensor Evaluations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evaluations of commercial air monitors have started to come out over the past few years. The South Coast Air Quality district has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/aq-spec/sensors\">evaluating\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/aq-spec/sensors\">monitors\u003c/a> under $2,000. The assessments include side-by-side testing with EPA-approved equipment, as well as laboratory testing “under a wide range of environmental conditions.” The EPA is running long-term evaluations on six models of commercial air sensors at seven locations around the country, as well as additional testing on a PurpleAir sensor. The agency also maintains a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/air-sensor-toolbox/evaluation-emerging-air-pollution-sensor-performance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list of commercially available air sensors\u003c/a> that have been tested in studies, along with the results. You’ll have to look at the column labeled R\u003csup>2 \u003c/sup>for the final verdict on performance; the higher the number, the closer the results were to federally sanctioned monitors. Don’t expect anything close to a Consumer Reports-like reading experience for any of this material; the studies are filled with technical and statistical terms only a hardcore air quality nerd could love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29683219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study, \u003c/a>published in 2018, looked at seven consumer monitors and two research monitors specifically in indoor settings, finding that the entire lot “substantially under-reported or missed events” when particles were smaller than 3 microns, a size that includes the particulate matter found in smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>West Oakland Air Quality Project\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you want evidence that more localized air quality information can sometimes be critical, look to West Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945908\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1945908\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-1200x825.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"340\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-1200x825.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-800x550.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-768x528.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut-1020x701.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS27160_GettyImages-463198440-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trucks line up to enter a berth at the Port of Oakland on February 11, 2015 in Oakland, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The area is bound by interstate freeways and is home to the third busiest seaport in California. Residents have long noted punishing air pollution and high local asthma rates, which they say are caused in part by diesel fumes belched from trucks driving in and out of the port.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you walk by an intersection for [just] a moment, that has unhealthy air, that’s not a huge problem,” said Brian Beveridge, an organizer with the West Oakland Environmental Indicators Project . “Buf if you live there on the corner, you could be experiencing a higher level of exposure most of the time than any regulatory agency recommends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the group recruited local residents to carry around backpacks with small sensors designed by researchers at UC Berkeley’s Intel Labs. The results showed a clear difference between the air quality as detected by the stationary equipment that air regulators use and what residents were breathing in their homes. In 2015, the group partnered with the Environmental Defense Fund and Google, among others, on an even more granular study, mounting air sensors on Google Street View cars that repeatedly drove around the neighborhood over the course of a year. The results showed big differences in air quality block by block across the neighborhood. Several pollution hotspots with heavy truck traffic were filled with concentrations of air pollutants consistently higher than nearby ambient levels, sometimes by more than 50%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2017, the project published its \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.7b00891\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Environmental Science & Technology.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you live on one end of a block, pollution can vary widely from the air quality on the other end of the block,” said Millie Chu Baird, an executive in the Environmental Defense Fund’s Office of the Chief Scientist. “It’s an amazing thing to consider.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>High winds that kicked up during three separate periods within a week propelled the spread of the Kincade Fire in Sonoma County. The wind gusted, the fire raged and the smoke billowed over the Pacific Ocean. Then the wind died down, the fire smoldered and the smoke settled across Northern California. Rinse and repeat. Meteorologists say it’s incredibly rare to have three high-wind events within such a short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the while, residents of Northern California found themselves, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934639/video-watch-smoke-from-camp-fire-disperse-over-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">once again\u003c/a>, reaching for smoke-filtering masks and searching the web for clues as to when and where the smoke would arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One place that information is available is at the website of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which uses a supercomputer to predict smoke dispersal over the U.S. It’s called the \u003ca href=\"https://rapidrefresh.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rapid Refresh-Smoke model\u003c/a>, and it’s run out of NOAA’s Global Systems Division in Boulder, Colorado. Forecasts pull weather data gleaned from radar, airplanes and other sources to predict dispersal patterns over 36 hours. New forecasts are issued every six hours. While still designated as experimental, the model is slated to go operational in 2020, and it’s currently used by the National Weather Service to share information about air quality and visibility, the Global Systems Division says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create the video above, vertically integrated smoke model fields from NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory were downloaded for the start of the Kincade Fire on Oct. 23 to Nov. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>High winds that kicked up during three separate periods within a week propelled the spread of the Kincade Fire in Sonoma County. The wind gusted, the fire raged and the smoke billowed over the Pacific Ocean. Then the wind died down, the fire smoldered and the smoke settled across Northern California. Rinse and repeat. Meteorologists say it’s incredibly rare to have three high-wind events within such a short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the while, residents of Northern California found themselves, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934639/video-watch-smoke-from-camp-fire-disperse-over-u-s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">once again\u003c/a>, reaching for smoke-filtering masks and searching the web for clues as to when and where the smoke would arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One place that information is available is at the website of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which uses a supercomputer to predict smoke dispersal over the U.S. It’s called the \u003ca href=\"https://rapidrefresh.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rapid Refresh-Smoke model\u003c/a>, and it’s run out of NOAA’s Global Systems Division in Boulder, Colorado. Forecasts pull weather data gleaned from radar, airplanes and other sources to predict dispersal patterns over 36 hours. New forecasts are issued every six hours. While still designated as experimental, the model is slated to go operational in 2020, and it’s currently used by the National Weather Service to share information about air quality and visibility, the Global Systems Division says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To create the video above, vertically integrated smoke model fields from NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory were downloaded for the start of the Kincade Fire on Oct. 23 to Nov. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When I left for work this morning, I grabbed a mask to protect my lungs from the smoky haze hovering over Oakland\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> I’ve worn these over the years while covering wildfires, yet I know they can give me a false sense of security because they’re not foolproof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plenty of us in the Bay Area \u003cem>have\u003c/em> masks. Not enough of us know which kinds work best, or how to wear them for peak efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Online or in hardware stores, look for masks marked as either N95 or P100. The designation indicates that the respirator blocks at least 95-99% of particulate matter floating in the air. Those microscopic specks can cause respiratory issues and trigger heart attacks. Do not use dust or surgical masks; they’re not up to the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the proper mask, a snug fit around your nose and mouth is really important, because tiny slits can allow smoke to sneak through. Choose a brand that aligns with your facial structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A mask is actually kind of uncomfortable if you wear it correctly,” says UCSF pulmonologist Dr. Elizabeth Gibb. “It should leave an indentation on your face when you take it off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tighten the straps above and below the ears and make sure they do not cross on the back of your head. Press the metal nose seal tightly against your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The respirator should collapse as you breath in and out and should not let any air in from the sides,” says Karen Riveles, toxicologist for the state Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1950349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1950349 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/GettyImages-1063033788-e1572303052968.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1211\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jason House attempts to put a respirator mask on his dog Rowland at an evacuee encampment in a Walmart parking lot in Chico, California on November 17, 2018.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Public health officials do not recommend masks for people with beards or mustaches, because facial hair reduces their effectiveness. Riveles says respirators are also not appropriate for kids, but she adds that using some kind of protection is better than nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you’re outdoors, do not take your mask on and off because polluted air can sneak into the mask’s pocket around your mouth. Finally, replace your mask every few days or as soon as it appears dirty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you smell smoke, your body is taking a hit. Public health officials say the best precaution is to stay indoors with sealed windows until the air clears. You can check the region’s air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When I left for work this morning, I grabbed a mask to protect my lungs from the smoky haze hovering over Oakland\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> I’ve worn these over the years while covering wildfires, yet I know they can give me a false sense of security because they’re not foolproof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plenty of us in the Bay Area \u003cem>have\u003c/em> masks. Not enough of us know which kinds work best, or how to wear them for peak efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Online or in hardware stores, look for masks marked as either N95 or P100. The designation indicates that the respirator blocks at least 95-99% of particulate matter floating in the air. Those microscopic specks can cause respiratory issues and trigger heart attacks. Do not use dust or surgical masks; they’re not up to the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the proper mask, a snug fit around your nose and mouth is really important, because tiny slits can allow smoke to sneak through. Choose a brand that aligns with your facial structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A mask is actually kind of uncomfortable if you wear it correctly,” says UCSF pulmonologist Dr. Elizabeth Gibb. “It should leave an indentation on your face when you take it off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tighten the straps above and below the ears and make sure they do not cross on the back of your head. Press the metal nose seal tightly against your skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The respirator should collapse as you breath in and out and should not let any air in from the sides,” says Karen Riveles, toxicologist for the state Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1950349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1950349 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/GettyImages-1063033788-e1572303052968.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1211\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jason House attempts to put a respirator mask on his dog Rowland at an evacuee encampment in a Walmart parking lot in Chico, California on November 17, 2018.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Public health officials do not recommend masks for people with beards or mustaches, because facial hair reduces their effectiveness. Riveles says respirators are also not appropriate for kids, but she adds that using some kind of protection is better than nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you’re outdoors, do not take your mask on and off because polluted air can sneak into the mask’s pocket around your mouth. Finally, replace your mask every few days or as soon as it appears dirty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you smell smoke, your body is taking a hit. Public health officials say the best precaution is to stay indoors with sealed windows until the air clears. You can check the region’s air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bay Area Air Quality Improves Slightly Tuesday, Suggests Caution",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Tuesday, 10:50 a.m.:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows orange levels today throughout San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley. This means all active adults and children, and people with respiratory problems should limit outdoor exertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality deteriorates to red, or “unhealthy” levels in Richmond, Vallejo, and the North Bay up through Novato. This means everyone, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North of Cotati and closer to the Kincade Fire, the air quality continues to deteriorate to “hazardous” levels. In these conditions, health officials encourage people to avoid all outdoor activity and warn that the anyone’s health can be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Monday, 9:55 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>The air over Berkeley smells like an ashtray this morning, as winds died off and stopped pushing smoke out of the region. The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows red, “unhealthy” levels of ash and soot throughout Berkeley and north past Richmond and San Pablo all the way to the Carquinez Bridge. This means everyone, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion. Health officials recommend staying indoors with windows and doors closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Carquinez Bridge, air quality drops into the “very unhealthy” and “hazardous” levels. When the air is “very unhealthy,” officials say everyone, especially children, should limit outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid \u003cem>all\u003c/em> outdoor exertion. “Hazardous” levels of soot and ash create a healthy emergency for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In much of Oakland, Purple Air sensors show air quality in the orange, meaning it’s unhealthy for sensitive people. This means all active adults and children, and people with respiratory problems should limit outdoor activity. Scattered parts of East Oakland are showing slightly better air quality, at yellow levels. However, to know where these areas are, you’d need to check the Purple Air \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#11.74/37.8201/-122.3184\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map\u003c/a>. The Bay Area Air Quality management district’s sensor at Laney College is showing yellow levels of particulates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purple Air sensors in much of San Francisco are showing yellow levels, meaning people with particularly sensitive respiratory systems should consider limiting outdoor activity. In downtown San Francisco, however, sensors are showing slightly worse air quality, with orange levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Sunday, 10:50 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>A \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.mapcenter&mapcenter=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map loop\u003c/a> on the government website Air Now shows the overnight story — yellow and orange followed by red and purple. That is, air quality that’s moderate or unhealthy for sensitive groups deteriorating into very unhealthy air as smoke from the Kincade Fire moves in on strong winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Area air quality officials say those same winds, though, are already turning things around by moving smoke out of the region. \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality/air-monitoring-data/#/aqi?id=316&date=2019-10-27&view=hourly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Current readings\u003c/a> for tiny particulate matter, the dusty smoke and feathery ash that cause the most health problems, are “good” to “moderate.” Moderate means very sensitive people should consider limiting outdoor activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality in the eastern part of California, though, is poor. In Davis and Sacramento, air quality is “unhealthy for sensitive groups,” and people are advised to stay indoors and limit outdoor activity. In Fresno and Modesto, air quality is in the most dangerous “hazardous” category, which can affect everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows a wide range of air quality conditions across the Bay Area, from “good” to “unhealthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Saturday, 10 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em> An interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> indicates “moderate” to “unhealthy” conditions over a large swath of the Bay Area. The least healthy air readings, visible as orange on the map, are near the origin of the fire – Healdsburg and Cloverdale in Sonoma County, where people with respiratory issues along with active adults and children should limit their exertion outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the northern, central and eastern Bay Area, air quality conditions are “moderate.” That reading means people with unusual sensitivity to air quality should limit their outdoor activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maps are based on reports of fine, often microscopic, particulates in the air – the ash, soot and other materials in the smoke from the Kincade Fire that’s spreading as far south as Santa Clara County. Prolonged exposure to these particles can damage the heart and lungs. so it’s important to avoid breathing outdoor air as much as possible. Here’s some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">information\u003c/a> about ways to stay safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, 12:05 p.m.\u003c/strong>:\u003c/em>\u003cb>\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Moderate” air quality conditions spread through the Bay Area Friday morning. As of 11 a.m., the current recommendation from air quality officials is that “unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At a San Francisco press conference Friday morning, Jarrett Claiborne, an air quality meteorologist with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), said air quality is expected to deteriorate throughout Friday afternoon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Claiborne says Thursday afternoon, winds that were pushing smoke from the Kincade Fire toward the Pacific Ocean relaxed, while winds from the North picked up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“So what that means for us is the winds came from the North to the South, and now that plume of smoke is tracking toward the Bay Area as we speak,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Claiborne forecasts air quality in the Bay Area will reach levels “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.” That appears orange on air quality maps later Friday afternoon and into Saturday. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This means active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit their activities outdoors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Air quality officials say that while smoke is one concern for Bay Area residents this weekend, compounding that is heat. Temperatures in the high 80s are expected Bay-wide.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Normally when we have air quality issues, we tell people to stay indoors with their windows and doors closed. But that may not be an option for some if heat is an issue in their home,” said Kristine Roselius, spokesperson for BAAQMD.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’re recommending people seek out cooling centers or places that have filtered air such as libraries, movie theaters or malls.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Roselius says winds forecast for later this weekend are expected to blow fire-related pollution out of the Bay Area. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\" rel=\"noopener\">What You Need to Know About Sonoma County’s Kincade Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s air quality map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>“The combination of high temperatures in San Francisco and across the Bay Area and expected wildfire smoke from the Kincade Fire may cause a simultaneous heat and poor air quality event. People should prioritize keeping cool and hydrated when the weather is hot and the air quality is poor.” \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>-The Bay Area Air Quality Management District and the San Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, 9 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>As of Friday morning at 8:00 am, the Air Quality Index (AQI) for San Francisco shifted from “good” to “moderate.” That means “Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion.” Moderate conditions show up in yellow on air quality maps. These are present around Santa Rosa in the North, San Jose in the South and Livermore in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality in other Bay Area cities remains “good” as of Friday morning. However, officials say they expect unhealthy conditions to spread throughout Friday and into the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSCWSUZOA/status/1187494054998634496\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We will continue to update this post throughout the day.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While winds in Sonoma County fell Thursday afternoon, the National Weather Service is warning that extreme winds this weekend could be the most dangerous since the 2017 wine country fires. Officials are expecting winds to kick up Saturday night with gusts up to 45 miles-per-hour along the San Francisco peninsula and Santa Cruz Mountains and 75 miles-per-hour at the tallest mountain peaks in the North Bay and East Bay. They’ve issued a fire weather watch through Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unhealthy Air Moving In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the Kincade fire moved out over the ocean on Thursday, but winds are expected to shift overnight and National Weather Service maps show smoke moving south across the Bay Area throughout the day on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://t.co/cV7IlxLskq\">pic.twitter.com/cV7IlxLskq\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1187486067005353984?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 24, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District has called a Spare the Air alert for Friday and is urging people to stay indoors with doors and windows closed; this alone can cut indoor pollution by half. Officials also advise setting air conditioning to recirculate in order to prevent outdoor air from being pulled indoors. If you’re troubled by the level of smoke in the air, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here are\u003c/a> other steps you can take to protect your health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke contains tiny particles in the ash and soot that can lodge in the lungs; the smallest particles can even enter the blood stream. They cause inflammation that can trigger breathing problems, and can damage the lungs, leading to pneumonia or bronchitis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kincade Fire Spreads\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Thursday, CalFire officials said the Kincade Fire has burned 49 buildings and spread to 16,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Latest \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/KincaidFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#KincaidFire\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/SatMap?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SatMap\u003c/a> 16,000 acres, 5% contained. 49 structures destroyed. No fatalities. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAfire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAfire\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAll evacuation orders and warnings are still in place. This includes Geyserville, which is under an evacuation order.\u003cbr>\nWx Note *Sunday will be very bad with winds up to 80 mph \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/uGdh1bguye\">pic.twitter.com/uGdh1bguye\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CAL FIRE NEWS (@CalFireNews) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CalFireNews/status/1187566326304231426?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 25, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Smoke from the Kincade Fire has moved in more heavily across the Bay Area ",
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"description": "Smoke from the Kincade Fire has moved in more heavily across the Bay Area ",
"title": "Bay Area Air Quality Improves Slightly Tuesday, Suggests Caution | KQED",
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"headline": "Bay Area Air Quality Improves Slightly Tuesday, Suggests Caution",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Tuesday, 10:50 a.m.:\u003c/strong>\u003c/em> The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows orange levels today throughout San Francisco, Oakland and Berkeley. This means all active adults and children, and people with respiratory problems should limit outdoor exertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality deteriorates to red, or “unhealthy” levels in Richmond, Vallejo, and the North Bay up through Novato. This means everyone, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North of Cotati and closer to the Kincade Fire, the air quality continues to deteriorate to “hazardous” levels. In these conditions, health officials encourage people to avoid all outdoor activity and warn that the anyone’s health can be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Monday, 9:55 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>The air over Berkeley smells like an ashtray this morning, as winds died off and stopped pushing smoke out of the region. The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows red, “unhealthy” levels of ash and soot throughout Berkeley and north past Richmond and San Pablo all the way to the Carquinez Bridge. This means everyone, especially children, should limit prolonged outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid prolonged outdoor exertion. Health officials recommend staying indoors with windows and doors closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Carquinez Bridge, air quality drops into the “very unhealthy” and “hazardous” levels. When the air is “very unhealthy,” officials say everyone, especially children, should limit outdoor activity, and active children and adults as well as people who have respiratory problems should avoid \u003cem>all\u003c/em> outdoor exertion. “Hazardous” levels of soot and ash create a healthy emergency for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In much of Oakland, Purple Air sensors show air quality in the orange, meaning it’s unhealthy for sensitive people. This means all active adults and children, and people with respiratory problems should limit outdoor activity. Scattered parts of East Oakland are showing slightly better air quality, at yellow levels. However, to know where these areas are, you’d need to check the Purple Air \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#11.74/37.8201/-122.3184\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map\u003c/a>. The Bay Area Air Quality management district’s sensor at Laney College is showing yellow levels of particulates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purple Air sensors in much of San Francisco are showing yellow levels, meaning people with particularly sensitive respiratory systems should consider limiting outdoor activity. In downtown San Francisco, however, sensors are showing slightly worse air quality, with orange levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Sunday, 10:50 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>A \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.mapcenter&mapcenter=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">map loop\u003c/a> on the government website Air Now shows the overnight story — yellow and orange followed by red and purple. That is, air quality that’s moderate or unhealthy for sensitive groups deteriorating into very unhealthy air as smoke from the Kincade Fire moves in on strong winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Area air quality officials say those same winds, though, are already turning things around by moving smoke out of the region. \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality/air-monitoring-data/#/aqi?id=316&date=2019-10-27&view=hourly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Current readings\u003c/a> for tiny particulate matter, the dusty smoke and feathery ash that cause the most health problems, are “good” to “moderate.” Moderate means very sensitive people should consider limiting outdoor activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality in the eastern part of California, though, is poor. In Davis and Sacramento, air quality is “unhealthy for sensitive groups,” and people are advised to stay indoors and limit outdoor activity. In Fresno and Modesto, air quality is in the most dangerous “hazardous” category, which can affect everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> called Purple Air shows a wide range of air quality conditions across the Bay Area, from “good” to “unhealthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Saturday, 10 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em> An interactive, crowdsourced air quality \u003ca href=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?module=AQI&conversion=C0&average=10&layer=standard&advanced=false&inside=true&outside=true&mine=true#9.48/37.8229/-122.118\">map\u003c/a> indicates “moderate” to “unhealthy” conditions over a large swath of the Bay Area. The least healthy air readings, visible as orange on the map, are near the origin of the fire – Healdsburg and Cloverdale in Sonoma County, where people with respiratory issues along with active adults and children should limit their exertion outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the northern, central and eastern Bay Area, air quality conditions are “moderate.” That reading means people with unusual sensitivity to air quality should limit their outdoor activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maps are based on reports of fine, often microscopic, particulates in the air – the ash, soot and other materials in the smoke from the Kincade Fire that’s spreading as far south as Santa Clara County. Prolonged exposure to these particles can damage the heart and lungs. so it’s important to avoid breathing outdoor air as much as possible. Here’s some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">information\u003c/a> about ways to stay safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, 12:05 p.m.\u003c/strong>:\u003c/em>\u003cb>\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Moderate” air quality conditions spread through the Bay Area Friday morning. As of 11 a.m., the current recommendation from air quality officials is that “unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At a San Francisco press conference Friday morning, Jarrett Claiborne, an air quality meteorologist with the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), said air quality is expected to deteriorate throughout Friday afternoon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Claiborne says Thursday afternoon, winds that were pushing smoke from the Kincade Fire toward the Pacific Ocean relaxed, while winds from the North picked up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“So what that means for us is the winds came from the North to the South, and now that plume of smoke is tracking toward the Bay Area as we speak,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Claiborne forecasts air quality in the Bay Area will reach levels “Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups.” That appears orange on air quality maps later Friday afternoon and into Saturday. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This means active children and adults, and people with respiratory disease, such as asthma, should limit their activities outdoors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Air quality officials say that while smoke is one concern for Bay Area residents this weekend, compounding that is heat. Temperatures in the high 80s are expected Bay-wide.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Normally when we have air quality issues, we tell people to stay indoors with their windows and doors closed. But that may not be an option for some if heat is an issue in their home,” said Kristine Roselius, spokesperson for BAAQMD.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’re recommending people seek out cooling centers or places that have filtered air such as libraries, movie theaters or malls.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Roselius says winds forecast for later this weekend are expected to blow fire-related pollution out of the Bay Area. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" rel=\"noopener\">How to Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11782314/what-you-need-to-know-sonoma-countys-kincade-fire\" rel=\"noopener\">What You Need to Know About Sonoma County’s Kincade Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930023/map-heres-your-daily-air-quality-report-for-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s air quality map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>“The combination of high temperatures in San Francisco and across the Bay Area and expected wildfire smoke from the Kincade Fire may cause a simultaneous heat and poor air quality event. People should prioritize keeping cool and hydrated when the weather is hot and the air quality is poor.” \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>-The Bay Area Air Quality Management District and the San Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, 9 a.m.: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>As of Friday morning at 8:00 am, the Air Quality Index (AQI) for San Francisco shifted from “good” to “moderate.” That means “Unusually sensitive people should consider limiting prolonged outdoor exertion.” Moderate conditions show up in yellow on air quality maps. These are present around Santa Rosa in the North, San Jose in the South and Livermore in the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air quality in other Bay Area cities remains “good” as of Friday morning. However, officials say they expect unhealthy conditions to spread throughout Friday and into the weekend.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We will continue to update this post throughout the day.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While winds in Sonoma County fell Thursday afternoon, the National Weather Service is warning that extreme winds this weekend could be the most dangerous since the 2017 wine country fires. Officials are expecting winds to kick up Saturday night with gusts up to 45 miles-per-hour along the San Francisco peninsula and Santa Cruz Mountains and 75 miles-per-hour at the tallest mountain peaks in the North Bay and East Bay. They’ve issued a fire weather watch through Monday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unhealthy Air Moving In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoke from the Kincade fire moved out over the ocean on Thursday, but winds are expected to shift overnight and National Weather Service maps show smoke moving south across the Bay Area throughout the day on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://t.co/cV7IlxLskq\">pic.twitter.com/cV7IlxLskq\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1187486067005353984?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 24, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District has called a Spare the Air alert for Friday and is urging people to stay indoors with doors and windows closed; this alone can cut indoor pollution by half. Officials also advise setting air conditioning to recirculate in order to prevent outdoor air from being pulled indoors. If you’re troubled by the level of smoke in the air, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here are\u003c/a> other steps you can take to protect your health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfire smoke contains tiny particles in the ash and soot that can lodge in the lungs; the smallest particles can even enter the blood stream. They cause inflammation that can trigger breathing problems, and can damage the lungs, leading to pneumonia or bronchitis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kincade Fire Spreads\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Thursday, CalFire officials said the Kincade Fire has burned 49 buildings and spread to 16,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Latest \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/KincaidFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#KincaidFire\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/SatMap?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#SatMap\u003c/a> 16,000 acres, 5% contained. 49 structures destroyed. No fatalities. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAfire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAfire\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAll evacuation orders and warnings are still in place. This includes Geyserville, which is under an evacuation order.\u003cbr>\nWx Note *Sunday will be very bad with winds up to 80 mph \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/uGdh1bguye\">pic.twitter.com/uGdh1bguye\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CAL FIRE NEWS (@CalFireNews) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CalFireNews/status/1187566326304231426?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 25, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">Once again, the federal government is challenging California over policies related to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department filed a lawsuit today in the Eastern District of California arguing that the state’s 2013 cap-and-trade \u003ca href=\"https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/linkage/linkage.htm\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">agreement \u003c/span>\u003c/a>with the Canadian Province of Quebec violates the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feds say in a \u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/united-states-files-lawsuit-against-state-california-unlawful-cap-and-trade-agreement\">release\u003c/a> that \u003c/span>California is interfering with U.S. international relations by “attempting to pursue an independent foreign policy in the area of greenhouse gas regulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In a statement, Jeffrey Bossert Clark, assistant attorney general of the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division, said that California “veered outside of its proper constitutional lane” with the agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The power to enter into such agreements is reserved to the federal government, which must be able to speak with one voice in the area of U.S. foreign policy,” he said.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The civil complaint named the state, key officials, the California Air Resources Board and the Western Climate Initiative Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Nichols, chair of the California Air Resources Board, was scathing in her criticism of the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking after her keynote address at a climate policy \u003ca href=\"https://www.hamiltonproject.org/events/economic_policy_innovations_to_combat_climate_change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forum\u003c/a> hosted by the Hamilton Project at the Brookings Institution and Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, she said her “first thought was that it was a joke.” She continued …\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The linkage with Canada has been in effect for a number of years. And our State Department and other elements of the U.S. government are well aware of it. They were following its development from the very beginning. We’ve also had legal opinions at all levels that what we’re doing doesn’t interfere with the federal prerogative on treaties. We don’t have a treaty. We’re not entering into treaties. But we do have many different memorandums of understanding that allow us to work on cross boundary problems with other states in other countries. And this is one of those programs. We’ll fight it out in the court, of course. But it just seems odd. The timing seems odd, and particularly odd at a time when the U.S. government is being investigated for conducting illegal foreign policy. It’s almost as though they are searching for a distraction.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom pushed back even before the workday in California had begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a press release, Newsom said on the issue of climate change that the White House has its “head in the sand,” and the Trump administration is pursuing “political retribution against California, our climate policies and the health of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon pollution knows no borders, and the Trump administration’s abysmal record of denying climate change and propping up big polluters makes cross-border collaboration all the more necessary,” Newsom said in his statement. “California’s landmark cap-and-trade program has inspired the creation of dozens of businesses, is a model for similar policies around the world, and puts California well ahead of the pack as we prepare for a low-carbon future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, Newsom and Nichols reached a tailpipe emissions agreement with four major automakers. Ford, Honda, BMW, and Volkswagen voluntarily agreed to produce cleaner cars over time and invest in electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agreement was a rebuke of the Trump administration, which wanted to loosen emission standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s attorney general has sued the federal government more two dozen times over the Trump administration’s environmental policies.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">Once again, the federal government is challenging California over policies related to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department filed a lawsuit today in the Eastern District of California arguing that the state’s 2013 cap-and-trade \u003ca href=\"https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/linkage/linkage.htm\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">agreement \u003c/span>\u003c/a>with the Canadian Province of Quebec violates the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feds say in a \u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/united-states-files-lawsuit-against-state-california-unlawful-cap-and-trade-agreement\">release\u003c/a> that \u003c/span>California is interfering with U.S. international relations by “attempting to pursue an independent foreign policy in the area of greenhouse gas regulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In a statement, Jeffrey Bossert Clark, assistant attorney general of the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division, said that California “veered outside of its proper constitutional lane” with the agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The power to enter into such agreements is reserved to the federal government, which must be able to speak with one voice in the area of U.S. foreign policy,” he said.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The civil complaint named the state, key officials, the California Air Resources Board and the Western Climate Initiative Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Nichols, chair of the California Air Resources Board, was scathing in her criticism of the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking after her keynote address at a climate policy \u003ca href=\"https://www.hamiltonproject.org/events/economic_policy_innovations_to_combat_climate_change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forum\u003c/a> hosted by the Hamilton Project at the Brookings Institution and Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, she said her “first thought was that it was a joke.” She continued …\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The linkage with Canada has been in effect for a number of years. And our State Department and other elements of the U.S. government are well aware of it. They were following its development from the very beginning. We’ve also had legal opinions at all levels that what we’re doing doesn’t interfere with the federal prerogative on treaties. We don’t have a treaty. We’re not entering into treaties. But we do have many different memorandums of understanding that allow us to work on cross boundary problems with other states in other countries. And this is one of those programs. We’ll fight it out in the court, of course. But it just seems odd. The timing seems odd, and particularly odd at a time when the U.S. government is being investigated for conducting illegal foreign policy. It’s almost as though they are searching for a distraction.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom pushed back even before the workday in California had begun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a press release, Newsom said on the issue of climate change that the White House has its “head in the sand,” and the Trump administration is pursuing “political retribution against California, our climate policies and the health of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon pollution knows no borders, and the Trump administration’s abysmal record of denying climate change and propping up big polluters makes cross-border collaboration all the more necessary,” Newsom said in his statement. “California’s landmark cap-and-trade program has inspired the creation of dozens of businesses, is a model for similar policies around the world, and puts California well ahead of the pack as we prepare for a low-carbon future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, Newsom and Nichols reached a tailpipe emissions agreement with four major automakers. Ford, Honda, BMW, and Volkswagen voluntarily agreed to produce cleaner cars over time and invest in electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That agreement was a rebuke of the Trump administration, which wanted to loosen emission standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s attorney general has sued the federal government more two dozen times over the Trump administration’s environmental policies.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Feinstein Asks Inspector General to Investigate EPA Threat to California",
"headTitle": "Feinstein Asks Inspector General to Investigate EPA Threat to California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Update Sept. 27, 11:30 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Dianne Feinstein on Friday asked the deputy inspector general of the Environmental Protection Agency to investigate whether EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler’s warning to California that it could lose federal highway funds due to poor air quality constituted “inappropriate political interference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-09/documents/california_naaqs_sip.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> to California, sent Tuesday to the state’s Air Resources Board, described the state’s air quality as the worst in the country, with 34 million people living in areas that do not meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency called on California to address a backlog in plans aimed at reducing air pollution, and to work with federal regulators to develop workable plans or else risk highway funding, sanctions and other penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has failed to carry out its most basic responsibilities under the Clean Air Act, and as a result, millions of Californians live in areas that do not meet our nation’s air quality standards,” Wheeler said. “EPA stands ready to work with California to meet the Trump Administration’s goal of clean, healthy air for all Americans, and we hope the state will work with us in good faith.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein requested an investigation into Wheeler’s threat to withold federal funds in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/f/c/fcbf953e-c764-4cf5-8f25-bba09d0d7ae4/A925F49F56735E611474F480FAF595CC.09-27-2019-letter-to-epa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> sent to EPA Deputy Inspector General Charles Sheehan. The letter implies that Wheeler was being disingenous when he cited 130 incomplete state implementation plans as justification for “statutory triggers” that would impose penalties on California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I ask that you investigate whether these reports are, in fact, backlogged as a result of inaction on the part of California jurisdictions,” Feinstein wrote, going on to give two examples, one in Coachella Valley and one in Ventura County, she said were erroneously cited by Wheeler as instances of California’s inaction on air quality. A 1997 state plan to meet ozone standards in Coachella Valley, she said, is still awaiting EPA approval; and the Ventura County Air Pollution Control District still has one year left to comply with federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I also ask that you investigate whether there are other states that have open reports but have not been similarly threatened with sanctions,” Feinstein wrote. She noted that the EPA has listed counties in three dozen other states that do not meet air quality standards. “Yet there are no reports suggesting that any of those other states received a threat like the one sent to California to their transportation funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein’s letter echoes complaints by California officials in response to another communication from Wheeler, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11776819/epa-claims-sf-homeless-crisis-affecting-water-quality-breed-newsom-hit-back\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent\u003c/a> to Gov. Gavin Newsom Thursday. That letter threatened to “take action” against California if the state doesn’t fix water pollution problems the agency alleges may be caused in part by a worsening homeless crisis in cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just at a meeting yesterday of all 50 environmental directors and secretaries from each of the states, and the question was, ‘Why didn’t other states get letters?'” said California Secretary for Environmental Protection Jared Blumenfeld. “There’s certainly similar environmental issues in all 50 states, and I think everyone acknowledged that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>White House ‘Tries to Bully Us’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the issue of air quality, California’s leaders contend that they are working hard to meet current federal smog standards, but the state is hindered by the federal government’s failure to strictly control pollution from heavy-duty freight including trucks, trains, planes and ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/GavinNewsom/status/1176623618614333441?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s top air regulator also pushed back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Corey, the California Air Resources Board’s executive officer, responded to Wheeler’s letter by saying EPA officials weren’t doing their jobs. He pointed out that California went to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1946766/federal-court-upholds-obama-era-smog-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">court\u003c/a> to push the agency to enact smog standards. Also, he said that EPA Administrator Wheeler’s letter contains “multiple inaccuracies, omissions and misstatements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, Corey continued, “EPA has unclean hands: It sat on these documents for years and is now pounding the table about paperwork issues of its own creation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This letter appeared only days after EPA attacked our state authority on cars, increasing air pollution while at the same time limiting our ability to reduce it,” he said. “If the Trump Administration is serious about air pollution it will reconsider revoking our waiver, and while they’re at it, why not also fund the EPA to review submitted documents in less than a decade?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, California sued to stop the Trump Administration from revoking its authority to set greenhouse gas emission and fuel economy standards for cars and trucks, and enlisted help from other states in a battle that will shape a key component of the nation’s climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and the Trump Administration are fighting over dozens of environmental issues. While the EPA’s move on emissions is one of the latest points of dispute, it’s not even the only one to arise Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947918/environmental-groups-challenges-trump-over-redwood-city-salt-ponds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued\u003c/a> the federal EPA over its ruling that vast salt ponds in the South Bay are not “waters of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0131 c0125\">Federal law sets standards for how much pollution can come from cars and trucks. But since the 1970s, that law has permitted California to set tougher rules because it has the most cars and struggles to meet air quality standards. On Thursday, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration withdrew California’s waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0131 c0125\">California has also sued the Trump Administration over is rollback of environmental and clean air regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jeremy Siegel of KQED and Michael Casey of the Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Update Sept. 27, 11:30 a.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Dianne Feinstein on Friday asked the deputy inspector general of the Environmental Protection Agency to investigate whether EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler’s warning to California that it could lose federal highway funds due to poor air quality constituted “inappropriate political interference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2019-09/documents/california_naaqs_sip.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> to California, sent Tuesday to the state’s Air Resources Board, described the state’s air quality as the worst in the country, with 34 million people living in areas that do not meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency called on California to address a backlog in plans aimed at reducing air pollution, and to work with federal regulators to develop workable plans or else risk highway funding, sanctions and other penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has failed to carry out its most basic responsibilities under the Clean Air Act, and as a result, millions of Californians live in areas that do not meet our nation’s air quality standards,” Wheeler said. “EPA stands ready to work with California to meet the Trump Administration’s goal of clean, healthy air for all Americans, and we hope the state will work with us in good faith.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein requested an investigation into Wheeler’s threat to withold federal funds in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/_cache/files/f/c/fcbf953e-c764-4cf5-8f25-bba09d0d7ae4/A925F49F56735E611474F480FAF595CC.09-27-2019-letter-to-epa.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> sent to EPA Deputy Inspector General Charles Sheehan. The letter implies that Wheeler was being disingenous when he cited 130 incomplete state implementation plans as justification for “statutory triggers” that would impose penalties on California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I ask that you investigate whether these reports are, in fact, backlogged as a result of inaction on the part of California jurisdictions,” Feinstein wrote, going on to give two examples, one in Coachella Valley and one in Ventura County, she said were erroneously cited by Wheeler as instances of California’s inaction on air quality. A 1997 state plan to meet ozone standards in Coachella Valley, she said, is still awaiting EPA approval; and the Ventura County Air Pollution Control District still has one year left to comply with federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I also ask that you investigate whether there are other states that have open reports but have not been similarly threatened with sanctions,” Feinstein wrote. She noted that the EPA has listed counties in three dozen other states that do not meet air quality standards. “Yet there are no reports suggesting that any of those other states received a threat like the one sent to California to their transportation funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein’s letter echoes complaints by California officials in response to another communication from Wheeler, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11776819/epa-claims-sf-homeless-crisis-affecting-water-quality-breed-newsom-hit-back\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent\u003c/a> to Gov. Gavin Newsom Thursday. That letter threatened to “take action” against California if the state doesn’t fix water pollution problems the agency alleges may be caused in part by a worsening homeless crisis in cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just at a meeting yesterday of all 50 environmental directors and secretaries from each of the states, and the question was, ‘Why didn’t other states get letters?'” said California Secretary for Environmental Protection Jared Blumenfeld. “There’s certainly similar environmental issues in all 50 states, and I think everyone acknowledged that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>White House ‘Tries to Bully Us’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the issue of air quality, California’s leaders contend that they are working hard to meet current federal smog standards, but the state is hindered by the federal government’s failure to strictly control pollution from heavy-duty freight including trucks, trains, planes and ships.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The state’s top air regulator also pushed back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Corey, the California Air Resources Board’s executive officer, responded to Wheeler’s letter by saying EPA officials weren’t doing their jobs. He pointed out that California went to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1946766/federal-court-upholds-obama-era-smog-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">court\u003c/a> to push the agency to enact smog standards. Also, he said that EPA Administrator Wheeler’s letter contains “multiple inaccuracies, omissions and misstatements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an emailed statement, Corey continued, “EPA has unclean hands: It sat on these documents for years and is now pounding the table about paperwork issues of its own creation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This letter appeared only days after EPA attacked our state authority on cars, increasing air pollution while at the same time limiting our ability to reduce it,” he said. “If the Trump Administration is serious about air pollution it will reconsider revoking our waiver, and while they’re at it, why not also fund the EPA to review submitted documents in less than a decade?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, California sued to stop the Trump Administration from revoking its authority to set greenhouse gas emission and fuel economy standards for cars and trucks, and enlisted help from other states in a battle that will shape a key component of the nation’s climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and the Trump Administration are fighting over dozens of environmental issues. While the EPA’s move on emissions is one of the latest points of dispute, it’s not even the only one to arise Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947918/environmental-groups-challenges-trump-over-redwood-city-salt-ponds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sued\u003c/a> the federal EPA over its ruling that vast salt ponds in the South Bay are not “waters of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0131 c0125\">Federal law sets standards for how much pollution can come from cars and trucks. But since the 1970s, that law has permitted California to set tougher rules because it has the most cars and struggles to meet air quality standards. On Thursday, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration withdrew California’s waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"c0131 c0125\">California has also sued the Trump Administration over is rollback of environmental and clean air regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jeremy Siegel of KQED and Michael Casey of the Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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