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"title": "Not This Year, Either: Landmark California Plastic Recycling Bill Fails Again",
"headTitle": "Not This Year, Either: Landmark California Plastic Recycling Bill Fails Again | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For the second year in a row, the California Legislature failed to pass a bill aimed at cutting the growing amount of plastic waste in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would have set a state goal of a 75% reduction in waste from single-use plastic packaging and products by 2032. It also would have put in place a subsequent requirement that single-use \u003cspan class=\"s2\">plastic utensils be recyclable or compostable.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At the end of a legislative session truncated by the COVID-19 pandemic, lawmakers and environmental groups pushed hard for the landmark overhaul of California’s plastic recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Environmentalists had high hopes the state would once again lead the way in addressing a major environmental issue with passage of a first-in-the-nation plan to require plastic manufacturers take responsibility for the fate of their single-use products — many of which end up in landfills and oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But despite blistering speeches on the Assembly floor Monday evening exhorting lawmakers to pass the measure, which had been wheeled and dealed over two years into a lengthy document supporters hoped would push it over the finish line, it failed to garner the required 41 votes during multiple attempts. The bill had already passed the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969132\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1084px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969132 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1084\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM.jpg 1084w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM-800x463.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM-1020x591.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM-768x445.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1084px) 100vw, 1084px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, wearing a Wonder Woman mask, speaks in support of the plastics legislation: “We set out a timeline to do something, and it will never be enough for the lobbyists who believe we shouldn’t do anything.”\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been whipsawed on amendments from the day we introduced this,” said Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, D-San Diego, one of the bill’s co-authors, in an emotional speech prior to a vote. “I am tired of making the case. You either believe that plastics is a problem or you don’t. We set out a timeline to do something, and it will never be enough for the lobbyists who believe we shouldn’t do anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that this is a problem. And it’s not a white coastal problem, don’t come to me with that,” she said. “I have a brown community that is dirty as crap with your plastics. It’s dirty because there is nowhere to put them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 37-18 final tally came at midnight, the official end of the legislative session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawmakers had hoped to carry\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> the measure, through the \u003c/span>companion bills \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">AB 1080\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">SB 54\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, onto Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk at a time when much of the state remains focused on the pandemic and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A spokesperson for one of the bill’s co-sponsors, Sen. Ben Allen, D-Santa Monica, said in an email that he was “extraordinarily disappointed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Cress, vice president of conservation at the Ocean Conservancy, said in a statement that California “missed an important opportunity to become a leader on one of the most pressing challenges facing the ocean today: plastic pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Last year, when the bill fell apart despite heavy grassroots support, advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948001/how-the-landmark-plastics-recycling-bill-fell-apart\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">blamed\u003c/span>\u003c/a> opposition from the industry and infighting among supporters over late amendments added by the Newsom administration. After the bill failed, the administration expressed its support for coming back with another attempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, lawmakers narrowed the legislation to apply to single-use plastic products as opposed to those made of all materials. Expressing optimism that the bill would pass, Geoff Shester, campaign director for the environmental nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://oceana.org/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Oceana\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>said during the final weeks of the session that supporters were engaging “in a full court press.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of industry groups opposed the plan, stating in an Aug. 14 letter to lawmakers that the legislation didn’t do enough to enhance the infrastructure required to meet the new mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter, the Plastics Industry Association, American Chemistry Council, California Chamber of Commerce and over two dozen other groups said recent amendments were “complicated and open to significant interpretation by CalRecycle thereby creating uncertainty for the regulated community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Lockdown Slows Plan for Ballot Initiative\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the bill failed last year, advocates raised the prospect of a more aggressive strategy: banning single-use plastics altogether through an initiative on the November 2020 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The opponents of the legislation will regret rejecting the deal that was offered this year,” Shester said after the measure’s failure in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Recology, a San Francisco-based waste management company, put $1 million behind the ballot effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But those plans were thrown into disarray by the state’s coronavirus lockdown, according to \u003cspan class=\"s2\">Eric Potashner, director of strategic affairs for Recology.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Newsom issued a statewide shelter-in-place order last March, signature-gathering ground to a halt, still 150,000 names short of the roughly 620,000 needed to qualify for the November election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We slowly ramped it back up, but we missed the deadline for this year,” Potashner said. “We submitted this month, and we feel very confident that we have more than enough to qualify for the November 2022 election.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Gonzalez warned members before the vote that passage of the bill was their chance to “have a hand in what this looks like” instead of allowing “other people to do it for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to remind folks that we can act or we can wait for a proposition to be put on the ballot and pass, because it will pass,” she said.\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recycled Bottle Bill Passes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists could at least take heart in the passage of another recycling bill, which is on its way to the governor after lawmakers approved it on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB793\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">AB 793\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, requires manufacturers in California to incorporate recycled plastic into new bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar version of that bill passed both state houses last year by wide margins but was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11779913/california-governor-vetoes-recycled-plastic-bottle-bill-citing-burdensome-amendments\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">vetoed\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by Newsom, who opposed one of the amendments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“The time has come for shared responsibility,” said co-sponsor Phil Ting, D-San Francisco, in a statement. “Our environment suffers when companies keep making new plastic every time they need a drink container. They need to reuse what they’ve already made. If we don’t make this shift, we will have more plastic than fish in our oceans by 2050.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If signed by Newsom, California will mandate plastic beverage bottles used for soda, water and juice contain at least 50% recycled material by the year 2030, a goal that Ting’s office says would be the most ambitious in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Lot of Plastic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislative activity around plastic pollution comes amid a growing awareness of the scope of the problem, which is exacerbated by the material’s extreme durability. A plastic coffee lid used by\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> a \u003c/span>consumer for only the half hour it takes to drink a latte can end up in the ocean, where it will break down into little bits of microplastic, taking hundreds of even thousands of years to decompose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than 15% of California’s single-use plastic is recycled, according to the bill’s authors. Until recently, California shipped its recyclables oversees, but the market for the state’s soiled plastic has disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Researchers last year found that Monterey Bay is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">full\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of these confetti-sized-or-smaller plastic scraps, and Lake Tahoe has a similar problem. The average person in the U.S. ingests between 74,000 and 121,000 particles of plastic in food and beverages each year, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study. \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">According to the federal Environmental Protection Agency, plastic containers and packaging accounted for 14 million tons of waste in 2017, more than any other municipal waste category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Plastic waste in oceans kills a million seabirds and 100,000 dolphins every year, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/focus-areas/rio-20-ocean/blueprint-for-the-future-we-want/marine-pollution/facts-and-figures-on-marine-pollution/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">United Nations\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem will probably only get worse: A UC Santa Barbara \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782.full\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> conducted in 2017 found that half of all the plastic ever produced was manufactured in the previous 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The measure would have set a state goal of reducing waste from single-use plastic packaging and products by 75% by 2032, as well as put in place a requirement that single-use plastic utensils be recyclable or compostable.",
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"title": "Not This Year, Either: Landmark California Plastic Recycling Bill Fails Again | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the second year in a row, the California Legislature failed to pass a bill aimed at cutting the growing amount of plastic waste in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would have set a state goal of a 75% reduction in waste from single-use plastic packaging and products by 2032. It also would have put in place a subsequent requirement that single-use \u003cspan class=\"s2\">plastic utensils be recyclable or compostable.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">At the end of a legislative session truncated by the COVID-19 pandemic, lawmakers and environmental groups pushed hard for the landmark overhaul of California’s plastic recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Environmentalists had high hopes the state would once again lead the way in addressing a major environmental issue with passage of a first-in-the-nation plan to require plastic manufacturers take responsibility for the fate of their single-use products — many of which end up in landfills and oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But despite blistering speeches on the Assembly floor Monday evening exhorting lawmakers to pass the measure, which had been wheeled and dealed over two years into a lengthy document supporters hoped would push it over the finish line, it failed to garner the required 41 votes during multiple attempts. The bill had already passed the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1969132\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1084px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1969132 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1084\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM.jpg 1084w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM-800x463.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM-1020x591.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM-160x93.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2029/08/Image-8-31-20-at-5.26-PM-768x445.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1084px) 100vw, 1084px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, wearing a Wonder Woman mask, speaks in support of the plastics legislation: “We set out a timeline to do something, and it will never be enough for the lobbyists who believe we shouldn’t do anything.”\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been whipsawed on amendments from the day we introduced this,” said Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, D-San Diego, one of the bill’s co-authors, in an emotional speech prior to a vote. “I am tired of making the case. You either believe that plastics is a problem or you don’t. We set out a timeline to do something, and it will never be enough for the lobbyists who believe we shouldn’t do anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that this is a problem. And it’s not a white coastal problem, don’t come to me with that,” she said. “I have a brown community that is dirty as crap with your plastics. It’s dirty because there is nowhere to put them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 37-18 final tally came at midnight, the official end of the legislative session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawmakers had hoped to carry\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> the measure, through the \u003c/span>companion bills \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">AB 1080\u003c/span>\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">SB 54\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, onto Gov. Gavin Newsom’s desk at a time when much of the state remains focused on the pandemic and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">A spokesperson for one of the bill’s co-sponsors, Sen. Ben Allen, D-Santa Monica, said in an email that he was “extraordinarily disappointed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Cress, vice president of conservation at the Ocean Conservancy, said in a statement that California “missed an important opportunity to become a leader on one of the most pressing challenges facing the ocean today: plastic pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Last year, when the bill fell apart despite heavy grassroots support, advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948001/how-the-landmark-plastics-recycling-bill-fell-apart\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">blamed\u003c/span>\u003c/a> opposition from the industry and infighting among supporters over late amendments added by the Newsom administration. After the bill failed, the administration expressed its support for coming back with another attempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, lawmakers narrowed the legislation to apply to single-use plastic products as opposed to those made of all materials. Expressing optimism that the bill would pass, Geoff Shester, campaign director for the environmental nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://oceana.org/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Oceana\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>said during the final weeks of the session that supporters were engaging “in a full court press.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of industry groups opposed the plan, stating in an Aug. 14 letter to lawmakers that the legislation didn’t do enough to enhance the infrastructure required to meet the new mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter, the Plastics Industry Association, American Chemistry Council, California Chamber of Commerce and over two dozen other groups said recent amendments were “complicated and open to significant interpretation by CalRecycle thereby creating uncertainty for the regulated community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Lockdown Slows Plan for Ballot Initiative\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the bill failed last year, advocates raised the prospect of a more aggressive strategy: banning single-use plastics altogether through an initiative on the November 2020 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“The opponents of the legislation will regret rejecting the deal that was offered this year,” Shester said after the measure’s failure in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Recology, a San Francisco-based waste management company, put $1 million behind the ballot effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">But those plans were thrown into disarray by the state’s coronavirus lockdown, according to \u003cspan class=\"s2\">Eric Potashner, director of strategic affairs for Recology.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Newsom issued a statewide shelter-in-place order last March, signature-gathering ground to a halt, still 150,000 names short of the roughly 620,000 needed to qualify for the November election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We slowly ramped it back up, but we missed the deadline for this year,” Potashner said. “We submitted this month, and we feel very confident that we have more than enough to qualify for the November 2022 election.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Gonzalez warned members before the vote that passage of the bill was their chance to “have a hand in what this looks like” instead of allowing “other people to do it for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to remind folks that we can act or we can wait for a proposition to be put on the ballot and pass, because it will pass,” she said.\u003cbr>\n\u003ci>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recycled Bottle Bill Passes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists could at least take heart in the passage of another recycling bill, which is on its way to the governor after lawmakers approved it on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB793\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">AB 793\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, requires manufacturers in California to incorporate recycled plastic into new bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar version of that bill passed both state houses last year by wide margins but was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11779913/california-governor-vetoes-recycled-plastic-bottle-bill-citing-burdensome-amendments\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">vetoed\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by Newsom, who opposed one of the amendments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“The time has come for shared responsibility,” said co-sponsor Phil Ting, D-San Francisco, in a statement. “Our environment suffers when companies keep making new plastic every time they need a drink container. They need to reuse what they’ve already made. If we don’t make this shift, we will have more plastic than fish in our oceans by 2050.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If signed by Newsom, California will mandate plastic beverage bottles used for soda, water and juice contain at least 50% recycled material by the year 2030, a goal that Ting’s office says would be the most ambitious in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Lot of Plastic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislative activity around plastic pollution comes amid a growing awareness of the scope of the problem, which is exacerbated by the material’s extreme durability. A plastic coffee lid used by\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> a \u003c/span>consumer for only the half hour it takes to drink a latte can end up in the ocean, where it will break down into little bits of microplastic, taking hundreds of even thousands of years to decompose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than 15% of California’s single-use plastic is recycled, according to the bill’s authors. Until recently, California shipped its recyclables oversees, but the market for the state’s soiled plastic has disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Researchers last year found that Monterey Bay is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">full\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of these confetti-sized-or-smaller plastic scraps, and Lake Tahoe has a similar problem. The average person in the U.S. ingests between 74,000 and 121,000 particles of plastic in food and beverages each year, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study. \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">According to the federal Environmental Protection Agency, plastic containers and packaging accounted for 14 million tons of waste in 2017, more than any other municipal waste category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Plastic waste in oceans kills a million seabirds and 100,000 dolphins every year, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/focus-areas/rio-20-ocean/blueprint-for-the-future-we-want/marine-pollution/facts-and-figures-on-marine-pollution/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">United Nations\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem will probably only get worse: A UC Santa Barbara \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782.full\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> conducted in 2017 found that half of all the plastic ever produced was manufactured in the previous 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "See Winning Photos From Cal Academy's Nature and Conservation Photo Competition",
"headTitle": "See Winning Photos From Cal Academy’s Nature and Conservation Photo Competition | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Each year, the California Academy of Sciences’ renowned \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BigPicture Photography Competition\u003c/a> celebrates some of the world’s best photographers and the year’s most striking images. Judged by an esteemed panel of nature and conservation photography experts, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/suzi-eszterhas/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Suzi Eszterhas\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/tony-wu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tony Wu\u003c/a>, and bioGraphic contributing photo editor \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/sophie-stafford/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sophie Stafford\u003c/a>, the competition’s winning images and finalists highlight Earth’s biodiversity and illustrate the many threats that our planet faces. Each photo, in its own way, inspires viewers to protect and conserve the remarkable diversity of life on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, are a few of the winners. You can see more photos on the bioGraphic \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/the-big-picture-2020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hold on Tight \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Mathieu Foulquié\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>Aquatic Life Finalist\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1964143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulqui%C3%A9_amplexus-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964224\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquie%CC%81_amplexus-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beneath the turbulence of a small waterfall in France’s Lez River, a male common toad (\u003cem>Bufo bufo\u003c/em>) holds on for dear life. Not his own life, though — the male is helping to ensure his species’ survival by fertilizing his female companion’s eggs as she lays them. Known as amplexus — Latin for “embrace” — this mating behavior is common among amphibians and other animals whose eggs must be fertilized externally. Males temporarily develop glands on their toes, known as nuptial pads, to help them grip the swollen abdomens of the females. Then, as the female releases thousands of eggs in pearly, gelatinous strands, the male coats them with sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores of toads seeking partners for this ancient dance of procreation are killed each spring by motor vehicles. Fortunately, some European communities have built canals and even enlisted toad-shuttling volunteers to help them cross roads and reach their mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guardians of the Giraffes \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Ami Vitale\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>Photo Story Winner (one of six images)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Too often, says Ami Vitale, nature photography excludes the humans whose lives are intertwined with the natural world. Her decadelong project documenting the bonds between Samburu people and wildlife in northern Kenya reverses this oversight, telling the story of how Samburu people became advocates for wild animals and their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For as long as Samburu people have grazed livestock, their livelihood has been seemingly at odds with the elephants, rhinos, giraffes, and other large mammals with whom they share their homeland. But as poachers decimated elephant (\u003cem>Mammalia p\u003c/em>\u003cem>roboscidea)\u003c/em> populations in recent decades, Samburu herders realized their cattle were also suffering. Elephants promote grass growth by clearing brush and small trees, so as their numbers shrink, there’s less grass for cows to graze on. In response, the Samburu launched a sanctuary to rehabilitate orphaned elephants, along with other conservation programs that benefit threatened species like the reticulated giraffe (\u003cem>Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata\u003c/em>), shown here. These efforts are changing long-standing Samburu attitudes toward wildlife, and show how the health of human and animal communities are connected. “Indigenous communities hold the key to saving Africa’s great animals,” says Vitale. “Where these communities are intact, poaching has dramatically decreased.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shelter in Place \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Andy Parkinson\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Grand Prize Winner\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1379\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-800x575.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-768x552.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-1020x733.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get this intimate shot of a mountain hare \u003cem>(Lepus timidus)\u003c/em> curled up against a Scottish winter storm, Andy Parkinson endured weeks of ferocious cold and wind that drove shards of ice into his face. Britain’s only native rabbit species, on the other hand, is utterly at home in these inhospitable conditions. Groups of 20 or more hares gather each winter to nibble heather on leeward slopes, where the snow tends to be shallower. Before resting, they jump away from their tracks to confuse predators. And while some ride out storms in burrows or depressions, this female created her own shelter, tucking herself into a ball to conserve heat and minimize exposure to the elements. It’s a nifty strategy for surviving the kind of weather that drives most creatures indoors or underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their fortitude, mountain hares are Britain’s fastest-declining mammal, due to unregulated hunting and habitat loss. Parkinson hopes that calling attention to these remarkable rabbits will convince legislators to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mushroom Magic \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Agorastos Papatsanis\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Landscapes, Waterscapes, & Flora Finalist\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964146\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the ethereal appearance of this photo, these edible mushrooms (\u003cem>Macrolepiota procera\u003c/em>) won’t induce any hallucinations. But that doesn’t mean they aren’t magical. Indeed, the more we learn about mushrooms, the more magic they seem to harbor. From \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-75596-0_10\">helping trees communicate\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814613000526\">producing cancer-fighting metabolites\u003c/a>, scientists have only begun to uncover the fantastic features of fungi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the root of many of these capabilities is the unique role that mushrooms play in the environment. As primary decomposers, mushrooms break down the organic matter of dead plants and animals. In return, the fungi become flush with essential nutrients and minerals, a number of which can confer antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer benefits to humans. This same ability also makes mushrooms \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257992155_Uses_of_mushrooms_in_bioremediation_A_Review\">exceptional environmental remediators\u003c/a>, ingesting the toxins and heavy metals that various industrial practices have leached into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pond Skim \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Piotr Naskrecki\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Winged Life Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964148\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Gorongosa National Park, at the southern tip of Africa’s Great Rift Valley, water breathes with the seasons. Lakes and rivers that overflow during the winter months are reduced to puddles and trickles come summer. For many species — including the Mozambique long-fingered bat (\u003cem>Miniopterus mossambicus\u003c/em>) — the dry season means longer journeys for a much-needed sip of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our planet warms and droughts increase in both frequency and intensity, the seasonal oases that bats depend on are drying up. Without adequate water, healthy bats begin to weaken, making them more susceptible to diseases that are already devastating populations around the world. Those that survive are sometimes forced to drink from human-made bodies of water — a boon for bats, but a potential risk for people who drink from those same water sources, since bats carry a host of zoonotic diseases. It’s often at these interspecies interfaces that killers like Ebola and the novel coronavirus emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Speed and Strategy \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Yi Liu\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Terrestrial Wildlife Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964149\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they’re the fastest land animals in the world, catching prey is no easy feat for a cheetah (\u003cem>Acinonyx jubatus\u003c/em>). The mostly treeless terrain of the African savanna gives antelopes, impalas, and other ungulates ample time to spot approaching predators, and even a slight head start can be the difference between life and death. To avoid alerting their prey, cheetahs start out hunting low to the ground, where their spotted coat helps them blend into the terrain. When they get within 60 meters (200 feet) of their target, cheetahs accelerate at a blistering pace, reaching 95 kilometers (60 miles) per hour in a matter of seconds. But the feline predators still have to account for the speed of their prey — in this case an impala (\u003cem>Aepyceros melampus\u003c/em>), which can zigzag at upward of 80 kilometers (50 miles) per hour. To close the gap, this cheetah tripped its quarry as it attempted to escape, proving that sometimes, strategy is just as important as speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Cost of Cats \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Jak Wonderly\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Human/Nature Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964151\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-800x567.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-768x544.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-1020x723.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, the staff at WildCare, a California animal rescue organization, is tasked with rehabilitating hundreds of birds and other wild animals mauled by outdoor house cats. The 200 pictured here did not survive. “I wanted to create an image to show some of the impacts our pets have on the wildlife around our homes,” says Jak Wonderly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those impacts is a world with less birdsong. In the United States alone, more than 2 billion birds are killed by cats annually. Other nations, including Australia and New Zealand, have tried to protect native wildlife by imposing restrictions on cat owners, such as “cat curfews” that require cats to be indoors after dark. But because such measures are unlikely to gain traction in North America, Wonderly took this devastating photo. By illustrating the suffering that free-roaming house cats cause, he hopes to spark discussion about alternative solutions for reducing the death toll caused by our pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes from \u003ca href=\"http://biographic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bioGraphic\u003c/a>, an online magazine published by San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "From the beautiful to the bizarre, this photographic showcase of life on Earth shines a light on some of our planet's most amazing species and places.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Each year, the California Academy of Sciences’ renowned \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BigPicture Photography Competition\u003c/a> celebrates some of the world’s best photographers and the year’s most striking images. Judged by an esteemed panel of nature and conservation photography experts, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/suzi-eszterhas/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Suzi Eszterhas\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/tony-wu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tony Wu\u003c/a>, and bioGraphic contributing photo editor \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/contributor/sophie-stafford/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sophie Stafford\u003c/a>, the competition’s winning images and finalists highlight Earth’s biodiversity and illustrate the many threats that our planet faces. Each photo, in its own way, inspires viewers to protect and conserve the remarkable diversity of life on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, are a few of the winners. You can see more photos on the bioGraphic \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/the-big-picture-2020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hold on Tight \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Mathieu Foulquié\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>Aquatic Life Finalist\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1964143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulqui%C3%A9_amplexus-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964224\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquie%CC%81_amplexus-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43167_Foulquié_amplexus-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beneath the turbulence of a small waterfall in France’s Lez River, a male common toad (\u003cem>Bufo bufo\u003c/em>) holds on for dear life. Not his own life, though — the male is helping to ensure his species’ survival by fertilizing his female companion’s eggs as she lays them. Known as amplexus — Latin for “embrace” — this mating behavior is common among amphibians and other animals whose eggs must be fertilized externally. Males temporarily develop glands on their toes, known as nuptial pads, to help them grip the swollen abdomens of the females. Then, as the female releases thousands of eggs in pearly, gelatinous strands, the male coats them with sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores of toads seeking partners for this ancient dance of procreation are killed each spring by motor vehicles. Fortunately, some European communities have built canals and even enlisted toad-shuttling volunteers to help them cross roads and reach their mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guardians of the Giraffes \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Ami Vitale\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>Photo Story Winner (one of six images)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964144\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43168_Vitale_giraffe-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Too often, says Ami Vitale, nature photography excludes the humans whose lives are intertwined with the natural world. Her decadelong project documenting the bonds between Samburu people and wildlife in northern Kenya reverses this oversight, telling the story of how Samburu people became advocates for wild animals and their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For as long as Samburu people have grazed livestock, their livelihood has been seemingly at odds with the elephants, rhinos, giraffes, and other large mammals with whom they share their homeland. But as poachers decimated elephant (\u003cem>Mammalia p\u003c/em>\u003cem>roboscidea)\u003c/em> populations in recent decades, Samburu herders realized their cattle were also suffering. Elephants promote grass growth by clearing brush and small trees, so as their numbers shrink, there’s less grass for cows to graze on. In response, the Samburu launched a sanctuary to rehabilitate orphaned elephants, along with other conservation programs that benefit threatened species like the reticulated giraffe (\u003cem>Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata\u003c/em>), shown here. These efforts are changing long-standing Samburu attitudes toward wildlife, and show how the health of human and animal communities are connected. “Indigenous communities hold the key to saving Africa’s great animals,” says Vitale. “Where these communities are intact, poaching has dramatically decreased.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shelter in Place \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Andy Parkinson\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Grand Prize Winner\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1379\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-800x575.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-768x552.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43169_Parkinson_hare-qut-1020x733.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get this intimate shot of a mountain hare \u003cem>(Lepus timidus)\u003c/em> curled up against a Scottish winter storm, Andy Parkinson endured weeks of ferocious cold and wind that drove shards of ice into his face. Britain’s only native rabbit species, on the other hand, is utterly at home in these inhospitable conditions. Groups of 20 or more hares gather each winter to nibble heather on leeward slopes, where the snow tends to be shallower. Before resting, they jump away from their tracks to confuse predators. And while some ride out storms in burrows or depressions, this female created her own shelter, tucking herself into a ball to conserve heat and minimize exposure to the elements. It’s a nifty strategy for surviving the kind of weather that drives most creatures indoors or underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their fortitude, mountain hares are Britain’s fastest-declining mammal, due to unregulated hunting and habitat loss. Parkinson hopes that calling attention to these remarkable rabbits will convince legislators to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mushroom Magic \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Agorastos Papatsanis\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Landscapes, Waterscapes, & Flora Finalist\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964146\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1282\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43170_Papatsanis_mushroom-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the ethereal appearance of this photo, these edible mushrooms (\u003cem>Macrolepiota procera\u003c/em>) won’t induce any hallucinations. But that doesn’t mean they aren’t magical. Indeed, the more we learn about mushrooms, the more magic they seem to harbor. From \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-75596-0_10\">helping trees communicate\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0308814613000526\">producing cancer-fighting metabolites\u003c/a>, scientists have only begun to uncover the fantastic features of fungi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the root of many of these capabilities is the unique role that mushrooms play in the environment. As primary decomposers, mushrooms break down the organic matter of dead plants and animals. In return, the fungi become flush with essential nutrients and minerals, a number of which can confer antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer benefits to humans. This same ability also makes mushrooms \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257992155_Uses_of_mushrooms_in_bioremediation_A_Review\">exceptional environmental remediators\u003c/a>, ingesting the toxins and heavy metals that various industrial practices have leached into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pond Skim \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Piotr Naskrecki\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Winged Life Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964148\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43171_Naskrecki_bat-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Gorongosa National Park, at the southern tip of Africa’s Great Rift Valley, water breathes with the seasons. Lakes and rivers that overflow during the winter months are reduced to puddles and trickles come summer. For many species — including the Mozambique long-fingered bat (\u003cem>Miniopterus mossambicus\u003c/em>) — the dry season means longer journeys for a much-needed sip of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As our planet warms and droughts increase in both frequency and intensity, the seasonal oases that bats depend on are drying up. Without adequate water, healthy bats begin to weaken, making them more susceptible to diseases that are already devastating populations around the world. Those that survive are sometimes forced to drink from human-made bodies of water — a boon for bats, but a potential risk for people who drink from those same water sources, since bats carry a host of zoonotic diseases. It’s often at these interspecies interfaces that killers like Ebola and the novel coronavirus emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Speed and Strategy \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Yi Liu\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Terrestrial Wildlife Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964149\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43172_Liu_cheetah-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although they’re the fastest land animals in the world, catching prey is no easy feat for a cheetah (\u003cem>Acinonyx jubatus\u003c/em>). The mostly treeless terrain of the African savanna gives antelopes, impalas, and other ungulates ample time to spot approaching predators, and even a slight head start can be the difference between life and death. To avoid alerting their prey, cheetahs start out hunting low to the ground, where their spotted coat helps them blend into the terrain. When they get within 60 meters (200 feet) of their target, cheetahs accelerate at a blistering pace, reaching 95 kilometers (60 miles) per hour in a matter of seconds. But the feline predators still have to account for the speed of their prey — in this case an impala (\u003cem>Aepyceros melampus\u003c/em>), which can zigzag at upward of 80 kilometers (50 miles) per hour. To close the gap, this cheetah tripped its quarry as it attempted to escape, proving that sometimes, strategy is just as important as speed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Cost of Cats \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>by Jak Wonderly\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Human/Nature Winner\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1964151\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-800x567.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-768x544.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/05/RS43173_Wonderly_birds-qut-1020x723.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, the staff at WildCare, a California animal rescue organization, is tasked with rehabilitating hundreds of birds and other wild animals mauled by outdoor house cats. The 200 pictured here did not survive. “I wanted to create an image to show some of the impacts our pets have on the wildlife around our homes,” says Jak Wonderly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those impacts is a world with less birdsong. In the United States alone, more than 2 billion birds are killed by cats annually. Other nations, including Australia and New Zealand, have tried to protect native wildlife by imposing restrictions on cat owners, such as “cat curfews” that require cats to be indoors after dark. But because such measures are unlikely to gain traction in North America, Wonderly took this devastating photo. By illustrating the suffering that free-roaming house cats cause, he hopes to spark discussion about alternative solutions for reducing the death toll caused by our pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes from \u003ca href=\"http://biographic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bioGraphic\u003c/a>, an online magazine published by San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/iANgyT95bmA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep in the Pacific Ocean, six-foot-long Humboldt squid are known for being aggressive, cannibalistic and, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/03/17/1920875117\">new research\u003c/a>, good communicators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxIEspu9qY4\">red devils\u003c/a>,” the squid can rapidly change the color of their skin, making different patterns to communicate, something other squid species are known to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Humboldt squid live in almost total darkness more than 1,000 feet below the surface, so their patterns aren’t very visible. Instead, according to a new study, they create backlighting for the patterns by making their bodies glow, like the screen of an e-reader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, what blows my mind is there’s probably squid talking to each other in the deep ocean and they’re probably sharing all sorts of cool information,” said Ben Burford, a graduate student at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt squid crowd together in large, fast-moving groups to feed on small fish and other prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you watch them it looks like frenzy,” Burford said. “But if you pay close attention, they’re not touching each other. They’re not bumping into each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burford and his colleagues studied deep-water footage taken by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/at-sea/vehicles/remotely-operated-vehicles/\">remotely operated vehicles\u003c/a> off the California coast. They found the squid make around \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/humboldt-squid-signaling/\">30 different patterns\u003c/a> of lines, stripes and patches. The patterns appear dark, but researchers believe they’re illuminated by the squid’s bioluminescent skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Animals can make their own light in dark habitats,” he said. “The squid have clusters of light producing cells. They radiate light within the body tissue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the patterns are only used around other squid, suggesting they’re used for communication. The squid also appear to reorder the patterns, almost like words in a sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really exciting because then you can say a whole lot more based on their arrangement,” Burford said. “So, they could for instance say: hey, that fish over there is mine, and I’m the dominant squid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding could change the way scientists think about \u003ca href=\"https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/fish/bioluminescence\">bioluminescence\u003c/a>, which is used by many deep sea animals for luring prey or attracting a mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We generally think of deep-sea stuff as having very simple displays because it’s a low-light environment,” said Mike Vecchione, a zoologist from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at the National Museum of Natural History. “This turns some of our ideas about bioluminescence almost around upside-down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deep ocean is a challenging place to study, so Vecchione said there may be much more complexity to discover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of our planet is deep sea,” he said, “and we don’t know much about it at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Deep+Sea+Squid+Communicate+by+Glowing+Like+E-Readers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/iANgyT95bmA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/iANgyT95bmA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Deep in the Pacific Ocean, six-foot-long Humboldt squid are known for being aggressive, cannibalistic and, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/03/17/1920875117\">new research\u003c/a>, good communicators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SxIEspu9qY4\">red devils\u003c/a>,” the squid can rapidly change the color of their skin, making different patterns to communicate, something other squid species are known to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Humboldt squid live in almost total darkness more than 1,000 feet below the surface, so their patterns aren’t very visible. Instead, according to a new study, they create backlighting for the patterns by making their bodies glow, like the screen of an e-reader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, what blows my mind is there’s probably squid talking to each other in the deep ocean and they’re probably sharing all sorts of cool information,” said Ben Burford, a graduate student at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt squid crowd together in large, fast-moving groups to feed on small fish and other prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you watch them it looks like frenzy,” Burford said. “But if you pay close attention, they’re not touching each other. They’re not bumping into each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burford and his colleagues studied deep-water footage taken by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/at-sea/vehicles/remotely-operated-vehicles/\">remotely operated vehicles\u003c/a> off the California coast. They found the squid make around \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/humboldt-squid-signaling/\">30 different patterns\u003c/a> of lines, stripes and patches. The patterns appear dark, but researchers believe they’re illuminated by the squid’s bioluminescent skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Animals can make their own light in dark habitats,” he said. “The squid have clusters of light producing cells. They radiate light within the body tissue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the patterns are only used around other squid, suggesting they’re used for communication. The squid also appear to reorder the patterns, almost like words in a sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s really exciting because then you can say a whole lot more based on their arrangement,” Burford said. “So, they could for instance say: hey, that fish over there is mine, and I’m the dominant squid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding could change the way scientists think about \u003ca href=\"https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/fish/bioluminescence\">bioluminescence\u003c/a>, which is used by many deep sea animals for luring prey or attracting a mate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We generally think of deep-sea stuff as having very simple displays because it’s a low-light environment,” said Mike Vecchione, a zoologist from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at the National Museum of Natural History. “This turns some of our ideas about bioluminescence almost around upside-down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deep ocean is a challenging place to study, so Vecchione said there may be much more complexity to discover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of our planet is deep sea,” he said, “and we don’t know much about it at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Deep+Sea+Squid+Communicate+by+Glowing+Like+E-Readers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Coronavirus: Seafood Industry Comes to 'Screeching Halt,' But Some Businesses Adapting",
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"content": "\u003cp>Like farming and other food industries, commercial fishing is considered an essential business to remain open during the COVID-19 pandemic. But the seafood industry has been hit hard by the crisis. Closures to restaurants that aren’t set up for takeout and the collapse of export markets have left California fishermen and seafood suppliers scrambling for new ways to sell their product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison Ibach, a commercial fisherman based out of Eureka in Humboldt County, says that when the coronavirus hit the U.S., his business dried up practically overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, man, the seafood industry has pretty much come to a screeching halt,” Ibach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2008, he’s fished for black cod, rockfish, salmon and crab out of the Woodley Island Marina. Most of his catch goes to high-end fish restaurants in San Francisco. But now, Ibach says, those restaurants aren’t buying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now know that the vast majority of Americans really enjoy seafood,” Ibach said, “But we’ve also learned that they really enjoy eating seafood at restaurants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Commercial fisherman Harrison Ibach\"]‘As we watch these markets literally disappear overnight, we’re terrified.’[/pullquote]Kenny Belov has co-owned and operated \u003ca href=\"http://www.331fish.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fish.\u003c/a>, a waterfront seafood restaurant in Sausalito, for 16 years. He says that menus at restaurants like his aren’t designed for takeout; customers want fish cooked and served to them fresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard ask for people to spend a lot of money on really high- quality ingredients prepared well and have all of that stuff thrown in a box,” Belov said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, many seafood spots are doing a fraction of their usual business, or they’re shutting down. Belov has had to furlough 42 of his restaurant’s workers. He says his wholesale business, which supplies about 250 restaurants throughout the Bay Area, has been hit hard, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trying to Adapt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a skeleton staff, Belov has revamped a limited menu at Fish that’s tailored for takeout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a little bit of success,” Belov said. “Not enough to justify expenses, but definitely enough to justify opening the door. And also just for our guests’ sake, to give them a place to come get nutritious food and be able to take it home. We feel it’s important for our community that has been supportive to us for 16 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ibach has had to adapt too. Along with the drop in restaurant orders, he says the export market has dried up, and suppliers who normally buy fish to freeze don’t want to stockpile a product they have no demand for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we watch these markets literally disappear overnight, we’re terrified,” he said. “We’re scared to lose everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ibach, who has a wife and two young children, says he has gotten creative in response. He recently started to sell fish directly off his boat, the 42-foot Oceana, at Woodley Island, and his wife put up a Facebook page to help bring in business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 12-hour fishing trip on a recent Friday brought in rockfish, lingcod and crab that attracted a lot of customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually had a huge line that lasted all day until we pretty much sold out of everything,” Ibach said. He’s hoping the off-the-boat sales, along with the coronavirus relief funds he’s applied for, will be enough to hold him over until the pandemic passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Boat-to-Fork Seafood\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the COVID-19 crisis, some consumers are turning to community-supported fisheries, or CSFs, to supply them with fresh seafood to cook at home. CSFs work like a farm box for fresh seafood that’s caught by local fishermen and delivered to customers’ doors — on ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Lovewell, a commercial fisherman based out of Moss Landing on Monterey Bay, specializes in supplying restaurants with live fish. While Lovewell says he likely won’t have a market for them, he also runs a CSF called \u003ca href=\"https://www.realgoodfish.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Real Good Fish\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got rockfish, petrale sole, spot prawns,” he said. “Whatever’s coming in, we put in a box and you get it the next day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the CSF model gives fishermen, who’ve now lost their other markets, a chance to stay afloat. “When this crisis hit, we said, ‘well, we better ramp this up,’” Lovewell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the company fast-tracked a planned expansion. It’s now supplying seven states, including California, Oregon, Washington, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, and Arizona, with fresh-caught seafood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovewell says the coronavirus relief money likely won’t keep all commercial fishermen in business, but he’s hoping that some can adjust and pull through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone is adapting right now. Everyone’s trying to figure out, what does the world look like. Not just now, but what is it going to look like in a week from now, a month from now? And how do I start making decisions to prepare for that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Like farming and other food industries, commercial fishing is considered an essential business to remain open during the COVID-19 pandemic. But the seafood industry has been hit hard by the crisis. Closures to restaurants that aren’t set up for takeout and the collapse of export markets have left California fishermen and seafood suppliers scrambling for new ways to sell their product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison Ibach, a commercial fisherman based out of Eureka in Humboldt County, says that when the coronavirus hit the U.S., his business dried up practically overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, man, the seafood industry has pretty much come to a screeching halt,” Ibach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2008, he’s fished for black cod, rockfish, salmon and crab out of the Woodley Island Marina. Most of his catch goes to high-end fish restaurants in San Francisco. But now, Ibach says, those restaurants aren’t buying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now know that the vast majority of Americans really enjoy seafood,” Ibach said, “But we’ve also learned that they really enjoy eating seafood at restaurants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Kenny Belov has co-owned and operated \u003ca href=\"http://www.331fish.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fish.\u003c/a>, a waterfront seafood restaurant in Sausalito, for 16 years. He says that menus at restaurants like his aren’t designed for takeout; customers want fish cooked and served to them fresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard ask for people to spend a lot of money on really high- quality ingredients prepared well and have all of that stuff thrown in a box,” Belov said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, many seafood spots are doing a fraction of their usual business, or they’re shutting down. Belov has had to furlough 42 of his restaurant’s workers. He says his wholesale business, which supplies about 250 restaurants throughout the Bay Area, has been hit hard, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trying to Adapt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a skeleton staff, Belov has revamped a limited menu at Fish that’s tailored for takeout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had a little bit of success,” Belov said. “Not enough to justify expenses, but definitely enough to justify opening the door. And also just for our guests’ sake, to give them a place to come get nutritious food and be able to take it home. We feel it’s important for our community that has been supportive to us for 16 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ibach has had to adapt too. Along with the drop in restaurant orders, he says the export market has dried up, and suppliers who normally buy fish to freeze don’t want to stockpile a product they have no demand for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we watch these markets literally disappear overnight, we’re terrified,” he said. “We’re scared to lose everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ibach, who has a wife and two young children, says he has gotten creative in response. He recently started to sell fish directly off his boat, the 42-foot Oceana, at Woodley Island, and his wife put up a Facebook page to help bring in business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 12-hour fishing trip on a recent Friday brought in rockfish, lingcod and crab that attracted a lot of customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually had a huge line that lasted all day until we pretty much sold out of everything,” Ibach said. He’s hoping the off-the-boat sales, along with the coronavirus relief funds he’s applied for, will be enough to hold him over until the pandemic passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Boat-to-Fork Seafood\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the COVID-19 crisis, some consumers are turning to community-supported fisheries, or CSFs, to supply them with fresh seafood to cook at home. CSFs work like a farm box for fresh seafood that’s caught by local fishermen and delivered to customers’ doors — on ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Lovewell, a commercial fisherman based out of Moss Landing on Monterey Bay, specializes in supplying restaurants with live fish. While Lovewell says he likely won’t have a market for them, he also runs a CSF called \u003ca href=\"https://www.realgoodfish.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Real Good Fish\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got rockfish, petrale sole, spot prawns,” he said. “Whatever’s coming in, we put in a box and you get it the next day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the CSF model gives fishermen, who’ve now lost their other markets, a chance to stay afloat. “When this crisis hit, we said, ‘well, we better ramp this up,’” Lovewell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the company fast-tracked a planned expansion. It’s now supplying seven states, including California, Oregon, Washington, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, and Arizona, with fresh-caught seafood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovewell says the coronavirus relief money likely won’t keep all commercial fishermen in business, but he’s hoping that some can adjust and pull through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone is adapting right now. Everyone’s trying to figure out, what does the world look like. Not just now, but what is it going to look like in a week from now, a month from now? And how do I start making decisions to prepare for that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Donald Trump Climate Profile: This President Is All About Fossil Fuels",
"headTitle": "Donald Trump Climate Profile: This President Is All About Fossil Fuels | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>‘This is the start of a new era in American energy production and job creation. We will eliminate federal overreach, restore economic freedom and allow workers and companies to play on a level playing field for the first time in a long time, a long time. We’re going to have clean coal, really clean coal.’\u003cbr>\n—\u003c/em>Donald Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/28032017/trump-executive-order-climate-change-paris-climate-agreement-clean-power-plan-pruitt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">March 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Been There\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\"]Analysis: The Candidates on Climate Change\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956430/joe-biden-climate-profile-surprising-embrace-of-green-new-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joe Biden\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956501/michael-bloomberg-climate-profile-shutting-down-coal-modest-federal-spending%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michael Bloomberg\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956514/pete-buttigieg-climate-profile-making-u-s-the-worlds-clean-tech-leader\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pete Buttigieg\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956525/amy-klobuchar-climate-profile-using-presidency-to-restore-clean-energy-policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Amy Klobuchar\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956421/bernie-sanders-climate-profile-16-trillion-in-spending-for-most-ambitious-plan-yet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bernie Sanders\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1957439/tom-steyer-climate-profile-a-justice-centered-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tom Steyer\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956437/elizabeth-warren-climate-profile-taking-up-mantle-of-former-climate-candidate-inslee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elizabeth Warren\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/pullquote]When U.S. government scientists released their latest volume of the \u003ca href=\"https://science2017.globalchange.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Climate Assessment\u003c/a>, it revealed much about the robust, sobering scientific consensus on climate change. It also revealed the striking disconnect between President Donald Trump and essentially every authoritative institution on the threat of global warming. The president rejected the assessment’s central findings — based on thousands of climate studies and involving 13 federal agencies — that emissions of carbon dioxide are caused by human activities, are already causing lasting economic damage, and have to be brought rapidly to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“I don’t believe it. No, no, I don’t believe it,” Trump said. Immediately, his cabinet members \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/30112018/fact-check-trump-climate-science-denial-national-assessment-sanders-global-warming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">launched attacks on the report\u003c/a>, portraying it as “alarmist” and clinging to Trump’s agenda of fossil fuel energy expansion that the science says is at the root of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Done That\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When Trump delivered his \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27052016/donald-trump-republican-party-election-fossil-fuels-coal-oil-gas-fracking-climate-change-paris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first major energy speech in the fracking fields of North Dakota\u003c/a> as a candidate in May 2016, he called for American domination of global energy supplies. To make that happen, he wanted an end to all of President Barack Obama’s executive actions involving greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We are going to turn everything around,” Trump declared. “And quickly, very quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As president, he has rolled back regulations on energy suppliers at a rapid clip slowed only at times\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/29082019/methane-regulation-oil-gas-storage-pipelines-epa-rollback-trump-wheeler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> by the courts,\u003c/a> while auctioning off millions of acres of new drilling leases on public land. Last year, domestic oil production hit a record high. The result of this, among other things, was the \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/preliminary-us-emissions-estimates-for-2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reversal of three consecutive years of declining U.S. carbon emissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump began the process of \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04112019/trump-pull-out-paris-climate-agreement-timing-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">withdrawing the U.S.\u003c/a> from the Paris climate treaty, the agreement signed by nearly all nations to reduce fossil fuel emissions. He \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/19062019/trump-clean-power-plan-climate-emissions-rule-replacement-coal-decline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">replaced Obama’s Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>, intended to sharply reduce emissions from U.S. power plants. He took the first step to weaken \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082018/trump-fuel-efficiency-standards-rollback-climate-change-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fuel economy standards for cars\u003c/a>, the single most important effort for reining in the largest driver of U.S. emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His administration has undone or delayed — or tried to — most regulatory and executive actions related to climate change, while proposing new ones to accelerate fossil fuel development. Columbia University’s Sabin Center for Climate Change Law counts \u003ca href=\"https://climate.law.columbia.edu/climate-deregulation-tracker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">131 actions\u003c/a> toward federal climate deregulation since Trump took office. In the absence of any comprehensive national climate law, those moves have led to an erosion of the federal government’s main regulatory levers for cutting global warming emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several of those actions, including rollbacks of significant rules on \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/23/court-hands-trump-defeat-in-bid-to-block-methane-emissions-rule.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">methane\u003c/a>\u003cu>,\u003c/u> \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02102019/cross-border-smog-ruling-coal-power-trump-obama-clean-air-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cross-state air pollution\u003c/a> regulations and \u003ca href=\"https://policyintegrity.org/trump-court-roundup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">energy efficiency\u003c/a>, have been blocked or delayed by judges who have questioned the administration’s broad view of its legal authority. Some of those setbacks may be temporary, though, and the courts have yet to rule on the most consequential deregulatory actions. According to the administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaMain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agenda for 2020\u003c/a>, the president will try to fast-track as many more as possible before the end of his first term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Getting Specific\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003cstrong>Promoting unfettered oil, natural gas and coal development \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nRight out of the gate, Trump greased the wheels for fossil fuel development. He \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/28032017/trump-executive-order-climate-change-paris-climate-agreement-clean-power-plan-pruitt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued a sweeping executive order\u003c/a> directing all departments to target for elimination\u003ci>\u003cem> any \u003c/em>\u003c/i>rules that restrict U.S. production of energy. He set guidance to make it more difficult to put future regulations on fossil fuel industries, and he moved to discard the use of a rigorous “social cost of carbon,” a regulatory measurement that puts a price on the future damage society will pay for every ton of carbon dioxide emitted. He swiftly signed memorandums to \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/24012017/keystone-xl-dakota-pipeline-donald-trump-executive-order\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">revive the Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipelines\u003c/a>, projects blocked by Obama. And later, with the Keystone XL still stalled, he issued executive orders aimed at \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11042019/trump-pipeline-executive-order-environmental-review-keystone-xl-clean-water-act-states-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">speeding approval and construction of fossil fuel projects\u003c/a> by limiting state environmental reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fossil fuel infrastructure adds to greenhouse gas emissions, in part by leaking methane into the atmosphere. Trump’s administration ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03032017/scott-pruitt-environmental-protection-agency-methane-greenhouse-gas-climate-change\">stop gathering data from oil and gas companies\u003c/a> needed to rein in leaks of this potent short-lived climate pollutant. It later \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11092018/methane-flaring-rules-oil-gas-industry-climate-change-obama-trump-epa-rollback\">loosened methane regulations\u003c/a> for projects on public and private land, despite the support for them among the industry’s biggest companies. It sought drilling in pristine areas where oil companies have long sought to drill. The administration \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/28042017/doanld-trump-arctic-offshore-drilling-ban-obama-executive-order\">moved to lift Obama’s offshore Arctic drilling ban\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/13072017/arctic-offshore-drilling-trump-approved-eni-boem-alaska\">approved \u003c/a>a plan to drill wells there. It pushed to drill in the previously off-limits \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/29032018/arctic-offshore-drilling-oil-lease-sale-beaufort-sea-alaska-trump-boem-2019\">Beaufort Sea\u003c/a>, in 1.6 million acres of the pristine \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12092019/congress-arctic-wildlife-refuge-oil-gas-drilling-offshore-trump-lease-sale-anwr\">Arctic National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>, and in nearly all of the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/10012018/trump-offshore-oil-drilling-leases-florida-legal-questions-zinke-california-new-york-oregon\">Outer Continental Shelf\u003c/a>. It proposed to \u003ca href=\"https://climate.law.columbia.edu/content/usfs-proposes-regulations-streamline-oil-and-gas-permitting-national-forests-0\">expedite oil and gas permits on national forest lands\u003c/a>, and it has limited how climate change can be used in \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/13082019/climate-change-endangered-species-act-arctic-trump-changes-polar-bears-wildlife\">determining endangered status for species\u003c/a>, further opening doors to drilling in sensitive areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003cstrong>Trying to restore King Coal to its throne \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany of Trump’s regulations have been tailored to favor the coal industry, often at the expense of cheaper, cleaner energy. \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11102017/climate-denial-coal-industry-global-warming-robert-murray-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Murray\u003c/a>, founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjQsc3r95nmAhUOTt8KHRUBDY8QFjABegQIBxAG&url=https%3A%2F%2Finsideclimatenews.org%2Fnews%2F29102019%2Fcoal-bankruptcy-bob-murray-energy-chapter-11-trump-regulations-rollback&usg=AOvVaw3hV8KEcoTw-zXHhcV1dbAu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">now-bankrupt coal company Murray Energy\u003c/a> and one of Trump’s closest industry allies, gave the president a “wish list” early on that has become of virtual template for the administration’s rollback of regulations. The administration swiftly lifted an Obama moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands. It \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16022017/coal-mining-environment-stream-rule-donald-trump-mussels-species\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rolled back a stream protection rule\u003c/a> designed to reduce the environmental and climate impact of mountaintop removal coal mining, and it has proposed allowing coal plants to emit much more CO2 by \u003ca href=\"https://climate.law.columbia.edu/content/epa-proposes-less-stringent-emission-standards-new-coal-plants-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">weakening New Source Review\u003c/a>, which requires big emitters to modernize pollution controls when they make major modifications to their facilities. It pushed a coal bailout rule that would have rewarded electric companies for keeping big stockpiles of fuel on hand. (\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/08012018/ferc-regulators-reject-paying-coal-power-plants-nuclear-extra-trump-administration-perry-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. regulators rejected it\u003c/a>.) It also\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04112019/coal-ash-rules-rollback-trump-obama-water-pollution-power-plant-ponds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> further relaxed coal ash rules\u003c/a>, allowing coal utilities to keep unlined coal ash ponds open for years, making it less expensive to burn coal to produce electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003cstrong>Suppressing climate and related science\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn almost every agency overseeing energy, the environment and health, Trump selected top officials who dispute the mainstream consensus on the urgency of climate action. People with little scientific background, or strong ties to industries they would be regulating, were appointed to scientific leadership positions. One of the administration’s first actions was to order scientists and other employees at EPA and other agencies to halt public communications. Several federal scientists working on climate change have said they were silenced, sidelined or demoted. At least three—a senior employee at the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20072017/whistleblower-trump-intimidation-abuse-power-climate-scientists-joel-clement-zinke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Interior\u003c/a>, one at the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16082019/cdc-scientist-whistleblower-complaint-climate-health-research-trump-usda-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a> and another at the National Park Service—invoked whistleblower protections. Independent science advisors, such as members of the EPA’s \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/08052017/epa-science-advisory-board-dismissed-scott-pruitt-donald-trump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Board of Scientific Counselors\u003c/a>, have also been sidelined. Scientific content on government websites has been altered and the public’s access to data reduced. Climate data from the government’s open portal website was removed. So was the EPA’s climate change website. The words “climate change” have been purged from government reports, and other reports have been buried\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/23/agriculture-department-climate-change-1376413\">,\u003c/a> including by \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/23/agriculture-department-climate-change-1376413\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">officials at the Department of Agriculture.\u003c/a> The administration even edited a major \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/05/10/pentagon-revised-obama-era-report-to-remove-risks-from-climate-change/?utm_term=.1174b4bd9f55\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Defense Department report\u003c/a> to downplay its climate findings. Through speeches and tweets, the president has repeatedly spread misinformation to the public through his climate denial and denigration of renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA, meanwhile, is working to finalize its proposal to \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/22032018/epa-air-pollution-soot-rules-scott-pruitt-secret-science-policy-health-regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">suppress the types of scientific evidence\u003c/a> the agency can use in writing its rules. This includes prohibiting the use of well-established, long-term scientific studies underpinning the nation’s air pollution rules, a change the fossil fuel industry had sought for years. Known as the “secret science” rule, it has been \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2019/11/25/science.aba3197\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lambasted by scientists and health experts worldwide\u003c/a>. Related, the White House \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/25042019/trump-omb-secret-science-policy-memo-pollution-health-studies-heritage-foundation-vought\">issued a memo\u003c/a> offering new ways for fossil fuel and other industries to challenge science-based policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003cstrong>Undermining clean energy development and energy efficiency\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn its \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12032019/trump-budget-cuts-renewable-energy-efficiency-electric-vehicle-tax-credit-deficit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">budget proposals\u003c/a>, the Trump administration has made clear its resolve to retreat from a federal role in advancing a clean energy economy and maintaining global leadership in the technology. It has proposed repeatedly to radically \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02042019/trump-budget-cuts-national-labs-clean-energy-leadership-solar-wind-electric-vehicles-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slash funding\u003c/a> for the Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), a move that would cripple support for novel and promising technologies for advanced wind turbines, high-tech materials, energy-efficient buildings and more. He has tried to eliminate tax credits for electric vehicles and made several attempts to eliminate the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) program, an incubator for cutting-edge energy research and development. Congress has largely rebuffed this scale of funding cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration issued in 2019 its final rule to dramatically weaken energy-efficient light bulb standards that Congress voted to phase in a decade ago. The standards would have eliminated inefficient light bulbs nationwide, saving some 1.5 trillion kilowatt-hours by 2030 and hundreds of millions tons of CO2. And it delayed for three years standards to substantially cut the energy that household and commercial appliances consume, moving to enact them only after \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/18-15380/18-15380-2019-10-10.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a federal appeals court ruled \u003c/a>the hold was illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003cstrong>Trying to undercut California’s world-leading climate progress\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAfter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082018/trump-fuel-efficiency-standards-rollback-climate-change-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">freezing Obama’s national fuel-economy improvements\u003c/a>, the administration stripped California of its legal authority to enact the nation’s toughest fuel-efficiency standards, a move that could squelch the nascent U.S. market for zero-emission vehicles at a critical time. It sued the state over its cap-and-trade agreement with Quebec to lower fossil fuel emissions, arguing that California exceeded its authority when it launched. It has threatened action against California on air and water pollution. Those moves run counter to the administration’s hands-off approach and deregulatory agenda. Because of that—and because California has among the best compliance records in the nation on water pollution and has invested billions to improve air quality—former federal officials have said the efforts reek of political score-settling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ICN’s Take\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn the Trump administration’s early days, climate policy optimists gamely sifted through the president’s statements, his administration’s actions, and other nations’ reactions for grains of hope. Perhaps Trump would be persuaded to maintain the United States’ seat at the table in international climate negotiations. Perhaps the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/epas-pruitt-praised-for-effectiveness-hits-bumps-in-his-rollback-campaign/2018/05/20/c6ca13d8-53b3-11e8-abd8-265bd07a9859_story.html?noredirect=on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">efforts\u003c/a> of his early, scandal-plagued cabinet members to erase climate regulation would fail. Or perhaps \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/4800747/china-climate-change-paris-agreement-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">other nations would step up\u003c/a> to fill the climate leadership void created by Trump, and the world would forge ahead with the action needed to address the climate crisis, leaving the United States behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All such hopes have been in vain. Although Trump occasionally feigns concern about climate—”\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/12/03/its-possible-that-trump-doesnt-actually-know-what-climate-change-is/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">I think about it all the time,\u003c/a>” he once said—his policy has been an unmitigated and relentless drive toward fossil energy development. The missteps of his former EPA administrator, Scott Pruitt, and others in the first round of appointees, have been erased by seasoned Washington bureaucrats and lobbyists who now are at the helm of the environmental agencies. And instead of racing to grasp the leadership baton dropped by Trump, China, the European Union and other large carbon polluters are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/15/climate/cop25-un-climate-talks-madrid.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">falling behind both in their own ambition and in support\u003c/a> for the nations most vulnerable to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trump’s intentions, and his administration’s deleterious impact on global climate progress, will be evident to voters in 2020 in a way that many failed to grasp four years earlier. The only question is whether those who care about the planet’s future can unite as a political force in a way that eluded them in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Trump's first term has been a relentless drive for unfettered fossil fuel energy development. ",
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"title": "Donald Trump Climate Profile: This President Is All About Fossil Fuels | KQED",
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"headline": "Donald Trump Climate Profile: This President Is All About Fossil Fuels",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>‘This is the start of a new era in American energy production and job creation. We will eliminate federal overreach, restore economic freedom and allow workers and companies to play on a level playing field for the first time in a long time, a long time. We’re going to have clean coal, really clean coal.’\u003cbr>\n—\u003c/em>Donald Trump, \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/28032017/trump-executive-order-climate-change-paris-climate-agreement-clean-power-plan-pruitt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">March 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Been There\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "Analysis: The Candidates on Climate Change\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956430/joe-biden-climate-profile-surprising-embrace-of-green-new-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joe Biden\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956501/michael-bloomberg-climate-profile-shutting-down-coal-modest-federal-spending%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michael Bloomberg\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956514/pete-buttigieg-climate-profile-making-u-s-the-worlds-clean-tech-leader\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pete Buttigieg\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956525/amy-klobuchar-climate-profile-using-presidency-to-restore-clean-energy-policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Amy Klobuchar\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956421/bernie-sanders-climate-profile-16-trillion-in-spending-for-most-ambitious-plan-yet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bernie Sanders\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1957439/tom-steyer-climate-profile-a-justice-centered-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tom Steyer\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1956437/elizabeth-warren-climate-profile-taking-up-mantle-of-former-climate-candidate-inslee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Elizabeth Warren\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>When U.S. government scientists released their latest volume of the \u003ca href=\"https://science2017.globalchange.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Climate Assessment\u003c/a>, it revealed much about the robust, sobering scientific consensus on climate change. It also revealed the striking disconnect between President Donald Trump and essentially every authoritative institution on the threat of global warming. The president rejected the assessment’s central findings — based on thousands of climate studies and involving 13 federal agencies — that emissions of carbon dioxide are caused by human activities, are already causing lasting economic damage, and have to be brought rapidly to zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“I don’t believe it. No, no, I don’t believe it,” Trump said. Immediately, his cabinet members \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/30112018/fact-check-trump-climate-science-denial-national-assessment-sanders-global-warming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">launched attacks on the report\u003c/a>, portraying it as “alarmist” and clinging to Trump’s agenda of fossil fuel energy expansion that the science says is at the root of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Done That\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When Trump delivered his \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27052016/donald-trump-republican-party-election-fossil-fuels-coal-oil-gas-fracking-climate-change-paris\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first major energy speech in the fracking fields of North Dakota\u003c/a> as a candidate in May 2016, he called for American domination of global energy supplies. To make that happen, he wanted an end to all of President Barack Obama’s executive actions involving greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“We are going to turn everything around,” Trump declared. “And quickly, very quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As president, he has rolled back regulations on energy suppliers at a rapid clip slowed only at times\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/29082019/methane-regulation-oil-gas-storage-pipelines-epa-rollback-trump-wheeler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> by the courts,\u003c/a> while auctioning off millions of acres of new drilling leases on public land. Last year, domestic oil production hit a record high. The result of this, among other things, was the \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/preliminary-us-emissions-estimates-for-2018/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reversal of three consecutive years of declining U.S. carbon emissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump began the process of \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04112019/trump-pull-out-paris-climate-agreement-timing-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">withdrawing the U.S.\u003c/a> from the Paris climate treaty, the agreement signed by nearly all nations to reduce fossil fuel emissions. He \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/19062019/trump-clean-power-plan-climate-emissions-rule-replacement-coal-decline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">replaced Obama’s Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>, intended to sharply reduce emissions from U.S. power plants. He took the first step to weaken \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082018/trump-fuel-efficiency-standards-rollback-climate-change-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fuel economy standards for cars\u003c/a>, the single most important effort for reining in the largest driver of U.S. emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His administration has undone or delayed — or tried to — most regulatory and executive actions related to climate change, while proposing new ones to accelerate fossil fuel development. Columbia University’s Sabin Center for Climate Change Law counts \u003ca href=\"https://climate.law.columbia.edu/climate-deregulation-tracker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">131 actions\u003c/a> toward federal climate deregulation since Trump took office. In the absence of any comprehensive national climate law, those moves have led to an erosion of the federal government’s main regulatory levers for cutting global warming emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several of those actions, including rollbacks of significant rules on \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/23/court-hands-trump-defeat-in-bid-to-block-methane-emissions-rule.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">methane\u003c/a>\u003cu>,\u003c/u> \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02102019/cross-border-smog-ruling-coal-power-trump-obama-clean-air-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cross-state air pollution\u003c/a> regulations and \u003ca href=\"https://policyintegrity.org/trump-court-roundup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">energy efficiency\u003c/a>, have been blocked or delayed by judges who have questioned the administration’s broad view of its legal authority. Some of those setbacks may be temporary, though, and the courts have yet to rule on the most consequential deregulatory actions. According to the administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eAgendaMain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agenda for 2020\u003c/a>, the president will try to fast-track as many more as possible before the end of his first term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Getting Specific\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003cstrong>Promoting unfettered oil, natural gas and coal development \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nRight out of the gate, Trump greased the wheels for fossil fuel development. He \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/28032017/trump-executive-order-climate-change-paris-climate-agreement-clean-power-plan-pruitt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">issued a sweeping executive order\u003c/a> directing all departments to target for elimination\u003ci>\u003cem> any \u003c/em>\u003c/i>rules that restrict U.S. production of energy. He set guidance to make it more difficult to put future regulations on fossil fuel industries, and he moved to discard the use of a rigorous “social cost of carbon,” a regulatory measurement that puts a price on the future damage society will pay for every ton of carbon dioxide emitted. He swiftly signed memorandums to \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/24012017/keystone-xl-dakota-pipeline-donald-trump-executive-order\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">revive the Keystone XL and Dakota Access pipelines\u003c/a>, projects blocked by Obama. And later, with the Keystone XL still stalled, he issued executive orders aimed at \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11042019/trump-pipeline-executive-order-environmental-review-keystone-xl-clean-water-act-states-rights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">speeding approval and construction of fossil fuel projects\u003c/a> by limiting state environmental reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fossil fuel infrastructure adds to greenhouse gas emissions, in part by leaking methane into the atmosphere. Trump’s administration ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03032017/scott-pruitt-environmental-protection-agency-methane-greenhouse-gas-climate-change\">stop gathering data from oil and gas companies\u003c/a> needed to rein in leaks of this potent short-lived climate pollutant. It later \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11092018/methane-flaring-rules-oil-gas-industry-climate-change-obama-trump-epa-rollback\">loosened methane regulations\u003c/a> for projects on public and private land, despite the support for them among the industry’s biggest companies. It sought drilling in pristine areas where oil companies have long sought to drill. The administration \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/28042017/doanld-trump-arctic-offshore-drilling-ban-obama-executive-order\">moved to lift Obama’s offshore Arctic drilling ban\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/13072017/arctic-offshore-drilling-trump-approved-eni-boem-alaska\">approved \u003c/a>a plan to drill wells there. It pushed to drill in the previously off-limits \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/29032018/arctic-offshore-drilling-oil-lease-sale-beaufort-sea-alaska-trump-boem-2019\">Beaufort Sea\u003c/a>, in 1.6 million acres of the pristine \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12092019/congress-arctic-wildlife-refuge-oil-gas-drilling-offshore-trump-lease-sale-anwr\">Arctic National Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>, and in nearly all of the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/10012018/trump-offshore-oil-drilling-leases-florida-legal-questions-zinke-california-new-york-oregon\">Outer Continental Shelf\u003c/a>. It proposed to \u003ca href=\"https://climate.law.columbia.edu/content/usfs-proposes-regulations-streamline-oil-and-gas-permitting-national-forests-0\">expedite oil and gas permits on national forest lands\u003c/a>, and it has limited how climate change can be used in \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/13082019/climate-change-endangered-species-act-arctic-trump-changes-polar-bears-wildlife\">determining endangered status for species\u003c/a>, further opening doors to drilling in sensitive areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003cstrong>Trying to restore King Coal to its throne \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMany of Trump’s regulations have been tailored to favor the coal industry, often at the expense of cheaper, cleaner energy. \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/11102017/climate-denial-coal-industry-global-warming-robert-murray-energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Robert Murray\u003c/a>, founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjQsc3r95nmAhUOTt8KHRUBDY8QFjABegQIBxAG&url=https%3A%2F%2Finsideclimatenews.org%2Fnews%2F29102019%2Fcoal-bankruptcy-bob-murray-energy-chapter-11-trump-regulations-rollback&usg=AOvVaw3hV8KEcoTw-zXHhcV1dbAu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">now-bankrupt coal company Murray Energy\u003c/a> and one of Trump’s closest industry allies, gave the president a “wish list” early on that has become of virtual template for the administration’s rollback of regulations. The administration swiftly lifted an Obama moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands. It \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16022017/coal-mining-environment-stream-rule-donald-trump-mussels-species\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rolled back a stream protection rule\u003c/a> designed to reduce the environmental and climate impact of mountaintop removal coal mining, and it has proposed allowing coal plants to emit much more CO2 by \u003ca href=\"https://climate.law.columbia.edu/content/epa-proposes-less-stringent-emission-standards-new-coal-plants-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">weakening New Source Review\u003c/a>, which requires big emitters to modernize pollution controls when they make major modifications to their facilities. It pushed a coal bailout rule that would have rewarded electric companies for keeping big stockpiles of fuel on hand. (\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/08012018/ferc-regulators-reject-paying-coal-power-plants-nuclear-extra-trump-administration-perry-plan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. regulators rejected it\u003c/a>.) It also\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/04112019/coal-ash-rules-rollback-trump-obama-water-pollution-power-plant-ponds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> further relaxed coal ash rules\u003c/a>, allowing coal utilities to keep unlined coal ash ponds open for years, making it less expensive to burn coal to produce electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003cstrong>Suppressing climate and related science\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn almost every agency overseeing energy, the environment and health, Trump selected top officials who dispute the mainstream consensus on the urgency of climate action. People with little scientific background, or strong ties to industries they would be regulating, were appointed to scientific leadership positions. One of the administration’s first actions was to order scientists and other employees at EPA and other agencies to halt public communications. Several federal scientists working on climate change have said they were silenced, sidelined or demoted. At least three—a senior employee at the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20072017/whistleblower-trump-intimidation-abuse-power-climate-scientists-joel-clement-zinke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Interior\u003c/a>, one at the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16082019/cdc-scientist-whistleblower-complaint-climate-health-research-trump-usda-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a> and another at the National Park Service—invoked whistleblower protections. Independent science advisors, such as members of the EPA’s \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/08052017/epa-science-advisory-board-dismissed-scott-pruitt-donald-trump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Board of Scientific Counselors\u003c/a>, have also been sidelined. Scientific content on government websites has been altered and the public’s access to data reduced. Climate data from the government’s open portal website was removed. So was the EPA’s climate change website. The words “climate change” have been purged from government reports, and other reports have been buried\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/23/agriculture-department-climate-change-1376413\">,\u003c/a> including by \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2019/06/23/agriculture-department-climate-change-1376413\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">officials at the Department of Agriculture.\u003c/a> The administration even edited a major \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2018/05/10/pentagon-revised-obama-era-report-to-remove-risks-from-climate-change/?utm_term=.1174b4bd9f55\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Defense Department report\u003c/a> to downplay its climate findings. Through speeches and tweets, the president has repeatedly spread misinformation to the public through his climate denial and denigration of renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA, meanwhile, is working to finalize its proposal to \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/22032018/epa-air-pollution-soot-rules-scott-pruitt-secret-science-policy-health-regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">suppress the types of scientific evidence\u003c/a> the agency can use in writing its rules. This includes prohibiting the use of well-established, long-term scientific studies underpinning the nation’s air pollution rules, a change the fossil fuel industry had sought for years. Known as the “secret science” rule, it has been \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2019/11/25/science.aba3197\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lambasted by scientists and health experts worldwide\u003c/a>. Related, the White House \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/25042019/trump-omb-secret-science-policy-memo-pollution-health-studies-heritage-foundation-vought\">issued a memo\u003c/a> offering new ways for fossil fuel and other industries to challenge science-based policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003cstrong>Undermining clean energy development and energy efficiency\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn its \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/12032019/trump-budget-cuts-renewable-energy-efficiency-electric-vehicle-tax-credit-deficit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">budget proposals\u003c/a>, the Trump administration has made clear its resolve to retreat from a federal role in advancing a clean energy economy and maintaining global leadership in the technology. It has proposed repeatedly to radically \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02042019/trump-budget-cuts-national-labs-clean-energy-leadership-solar-wind-electric-vehicles-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slash funding\u003c/a> for the Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), a move that would cripple support for novel and promising technologies for advanced wind turbines, high-tech materials, energy-efficient buildings and more. He has tried to eliminate tax credits for electric vehicles and made several attempts to eliminate the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) program, an incubator for cutting-edge energy research and development. Congress has largely rebuffed this scale of funding cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration issued in 2019 its final rule to dramatically weaken energy-efficient light bulb standards that Congress voted to phase in a decade ago. The standards would have eliminated inefficient light bulbs nationwide, saving some 1.5 trillion kilowatt-hours by 2030 and hundreds of millions tons of CO2. And it delayed for three years standards to substantially cut the energy that household and commercial appliances consume, moving to enact them only after \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/18-15380/18-15380-2019-10-10.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a federal appeals court ruled \u003c/a>the hold was illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• \u003cstrong>Trying to undercut California’s world-leading climate progress\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAfter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082018/trump-fuel-efficiency-standards-rollback-climate-change-epa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">freezing Obama’s national fuel-economy improvements\u003c/a>, the administration stripped California of its legal authority to enact the nation’s toughest fuel-efficiency standards, a move that could squelch the nascent U.S. market for zero-emission vehicles at a critical time. It sued the state over its cap-and-trade agreement with Quebec to lower fossil fuel emissions, arguing that California exceeded its authority when it launched. It has threatened action against California on air and water pollution. Those moves run counter to the administration’s hands-off approach and deregulatory agenda. Because of that—and because California has among the best compliance records in the nation on water pollution and has invested billions to improve air quality—former federal officials have said the efforts reek of political score-settling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ICN’s Take\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn the Trump administration’s early days, climate policy optimists gamely sifted through the president’s statements, his administration’s actions, and other nations’ reactions for grains of hope. Perhaps Trump would be persuaded to maintain the United States’ seat at the table in international climate negotiations. Perhaps the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/epas-pruitt-praised-for-effectiveness-hits-bumps-in-his-rollback-campaign/2018/05/20/c6ca13d8-53b3-11e8-abd8-265bd07a9859_story.html?noredirect=on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">efforts\u003c/a> of his early, scandal-plagued cabinet members to erase climate regulation would fail. Or perhaps \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/4800747/china-climate-change-paris-agreement-trump/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">other nations would step up\u003c/a> to fill the climate leadership void created by Trump, and the world would forge ahead with the action needed to address the climate crisis, leaving the United States behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All such hopes have been in vain. Although Trump occasionally feigns concern about climate—”\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/12/03/its-possible-that-trump-doesnt-actually-know-what-climate-change-is/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">I think about it all the time,\u003c/a>” he once said—his policy has been an unmitigated and relentless drive toward fossil energy development. The missteps of his former EPA administrator, Scott Pruitt, and others in the first round of appointees, have been erased by seasoned Washington bureaucrats and lobbyists who now are at the helm of the environmental agencies. And instead of racing to grasp the leadership baton dropped by Trump, China, the European Union and other large carbon polluters are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/15/climate/cop25-un-climate-talks-madrid.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">falling behind both in their own ambition and in support\u003c/a> for the nations most vulnerable to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trump’s intentions, and his administration’s deleterious impact on global climate progress, will be evident to voters in 2020 in a way that many failed to grasp four years earlier. The only question is whether those who care about the planet’s future can unite as a political force in a way that eluded them in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Scientists Count Gray Whales Following Unusual Spate of Deaths Last Spring",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s one of the great migrations on the planet. Each winter, gray whales swim south from the Arctic to Mexico to rear their calves before turning around in spring and heading north again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the late 1800s, when commercial whaling declined, the giants have made a remarkable comeback, thanks to the Marine Mammal Protection Act and other regulations. Amid the rebound, however, scientists spotted a troubling spate of gray whale deaths last year, the most since 2000. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11751555/feds-plan-to-investigate-spike-in-gray-whale-deaths-on-west-coast-as-unusual-mortality-event\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">would investigate\u003c/a> the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED spoke with Dave Weller, a NOAA researcher. He’s leading a survey off the coast of Central California to count the southbound whales. This is the first survey since his agency declared the unusual mortality event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s important about the data you’ll collect this year?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We get a snapshot of the abundance or the total number of gray whales that occur in the Eastern North Pacific. We want to understand how the population is doing for a number of reasons, but one of them is due to the unusual mortality event of last year, 2019, so we want to know whether the population is continuing to increase as it has. Is it stable or is there a decline?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you seeing whales now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The migration off the central portion of California begins around early December. It ramps up in the early part of January and all the way until the end of January. We expect the southbound part of that migration to start to wind down in the next two weeks (by mid-February). Following that, then whales will be turning around in Mexico and starting to make their way back north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you count them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, it’s not rocket science by any means. We have a clifftop vantage point in which we have a team of visual observers with binoculars and they’ve got a predefined study area or a field of view in which they’re looking. They begin to track whales in the north. As they’re headed into the field of view, they count them and record them using a software tracking program and once they cross a line that is immediately offshore of where they sit, then those whales have been counted, they’ve crossed the line and they’re on their way to Mexico and those observers then begin the search and the count for whales coming from the north all over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote] “If people can get out and see gray whales in nature, they get connected to them and they become supporters of conservation measures.” NOAA researcher Dave Weller [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NOAA has been investigating the unusual mortality event. Do we have a better idea why so many whales died last spring?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, we don’t have a feel for that yet. What we have been able to do during this unusual mortality event is actually get teams of stranding responders onto animals that have washed up on the beach and they’re collecting a variety of biological samples, including measurements, assessment of body condition, all kinds of tissues to run bioassays. And so we really don’t know the results of those analyses yet. Sometimes those can take many months or even several years to compile the data and put them together. So we don’t have a good feel for what is happening at this very moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is the overall population doing?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray whales in the Northern Pacific is one of the great conservation success stories of the Marine Mammal Protection Act and other protections that have been put into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were nearly exterminated by commercial whaling, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whalingmuseum.org/learn/whaling-heights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yankee whalers\u003c/a> in particular, in the 1800s to the point where, by the late 1800s, they were considered to be commercially extinct. It was no longer viable for whalers to go out looking for them and to try and hunt them. But in that time, protections went into place and the population has rebounded substantially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve been conducting this survey off of central California since 1967 so we’ve got more than 50 years of data to show the growth of the population from near extinction to 2016 was the last estimate that we have, and the population has grown to 27,000 whales. So in essence, it’s doing better than we have known it to be, in better condition than in terms of higher numbers since at least 1967.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If people are interested in seeing the migration, do you have any tips for them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m all for that. I think if people can get out and see gray whales in nature, they get connected to them and they become supporters of conservation measures. And so a couple of ways to go about that is to identify a local whale watch company that does their operation in a responsible manner and get on board and go out to sea and hopefully they’ll find gray whales passing by. If you’re inclined to be seasick or reluctant to get out on the ocean, another great way to see whales is to get onto a coastal clifftop somewhere. The higher you are, the better. With a pair of binoculars just start to scan the area from the coastline to about midway to the horizon, and this time of year you’re sure to see some whales going by.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s one of the great migrations on the planet. Each winter, gray whales swim south from the Arctic to Mexico to rear their calves before turning around in spring and heading north again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the late 1800s, when commercial whaling declined, the giants have made a remarkable comeback, thanks to the Marine Mammal Protection Act and other regulations. Amid the rebound, however, scientists spotted a troubling spate of gray whale deaths last year, the most since 2000. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11751555/feds-plan-to-investigate-spike-in-gray-whale-deaths-on-west-coast-as-unusual-mortality-event\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">would investigate\u003c/a> the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED spoke with Dave Weller, a NOAA researcher. He’s leading a survey off the coast of Central California to count the southbound whales. This is the first survey since his agency declared the unusual mortality event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s important about the data you’ll collect this year?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We get a snapshot of the abundance or the total number of gray whales that occur in the Eastern North Pacific. We want to understand how the population is doing for a number of reasons, but one of them is due to the unusual mortality event of last year, 2019, so we want to know whether the population is continuing to increase as it has. Is it stable or is there a decline?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are you seeing whales now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The migration off the central portion of California begins around early December. It ramps up in the early part of January and all the way until the end of January. We expect the southbound part of that migration to start to wind down in the next two weeks (by mid-February). Following that, then whales will be turning around in Mexico and starting to make their way back north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you count them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, it’s not rocket science by any means. We have a clifftop vantage point in which we have a team of visual observers with binoculars and they’ve got a predefined study area or a field of view in which they’re looking. They begin to track whales in the north. As they’re headed into the field of view, they count them and record them using a software tracking program and once they cross a line that is immediately offshore of where they sit, then those whales have been counted, they’ve crossed the line and they’re on their way to Mexico and those observers then begin the search and the count for whales coming from the north all over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": " “If people can get out and see gray whales in nature, they get connected to them and they become supporters of conservation measures.” NOAA researcher Dave Weller ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>NOAA has been investigating the unusual mortality event. Do we have a better idea why so many whales died last spring?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, we don’t have a feel for that yet. What we have been able to do during this unusual mortality event is actually get teams of stranding responders onto animals that have washed up on the beach and they’re collecting a variety of biological samples, including measurements, assessment of body condition, all kinds of tissues to run bioassays. And so we really don’t know the results of those analyses yet. Sometimes those can take many months or even several years to compile the data and put them together. So we don’t have a good feel for what is happening at this very moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How is the overall population doing?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray whales in the Northern Pacific is one of the great conservation success stories of the Marine Mammal Protection Act and other protections that have been put into place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were nearly exterminated by commercial whaling, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whalingmuseum.org/learn/whaling-heights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yankee whalers\u003c/a> in particular, in the 1800s to the point where, by the late 1800s, they were considered to be commercially extinct. It was no longer viable for whalers to go out looking for them and to try and hunt them. But in that time, protections went into place and the population has rebounded substantially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve been conducting this survey off of central California since 1967 so we’ve got more than 50 years of data to show the growth of the population from near extinction to 2016 was the last estimate that we have, and the population has grown to 27,000 whales. So in essence, it’s doing better than we have known it to be, in better condition than in terms of higher numbers since at least 1967.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If people are interested in seeing the migration, do you have any tips for them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m all for that. I think if people can get out and see gray whales in nature, they get connected to them and they become supporters of conservation measures. And so a couple of ways to go about that is to identify a local whale watch company that does their operation in a responsible manner and get on board and go out to sea and hopefully they’ll find gray whales passing by. If you’re inclined to be seasick or reluctant to get out on the ocean, another great way to see whales is to get onto a coastal clifftop somewhere. The higher you are, the better. With a pair of binoculars just start to scan the area from the coastline to about midway to the horizon, and this time of year you’re sure to see some whales going by.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Much of the West Coast’s ocean bounty comes courtesy of the California Current, an up-welling of cold, nutrient-rich water in the late winter and early spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That stimulates the development of a rich food web that is sort of like a Serengeti of the ocean,” said Jarrod Santora, a research ecologist at UCSC and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humpback whales travel all the way from Hawaii to feast in the cold waters off the coast. But between the years 2014 and 2016, a severe marine heat wave, nicknamed “the blob,” coincided with an unprecedented number of humpback fatalities stemming from entanglements with fishing gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new paper \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucsc.edu/2020/01/whale-entanglements.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published \u003c/a>Monday\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>Santora and colleagues say they know why: Warm water pushed the cold water into a long narrow band along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since cool water is where the whales forage for food, finding it only along the coast was like discovering all the restaurants in town are closed, except along one narrow strip. Unfortunately, the compression of feeding grounds coincided with crabbing season, so that the new dining hotspots were also littered with ropes connected to crab pots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rebecca Lewison, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservationecologylab.com/rebecca-lewison.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biology professor\u003c/a> at San Diego State University, who was not involved in the research, said in an email the paper is “an exciting example of the type of data integration and analyses that are needed to manage ocean resources sustainably given current and projected changes in the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA tracks the number of whales entangled each year, and prior to 2014, Pacific Coast whale entanglements numbered about 10 per year on average. But they jumped to 30 in 2014 and skyrocketed to 53 in 2015, then 56 in 2016. The numbers dropped the next two years but were still high historically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spate of deaths prompted the Center for Biological Diversity to file a lawsuit against the California Department of Fish and Wildlife for insufficient regulation of commercial crabbing fleets. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735659/california-dungeness-crab-fishery-to-close-three-months-early-to-protect-whales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">settlement\u003c/a> reached in March 2019 allows for more regulations and a potential end to the entire season if endangered whales become entangled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crisis also prompted the formation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/whale-entanglement-working-group/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Dungeness Crab Fishing Gear Working Group\u003c/a>, comprised of scientists, fishermen and managers who can share information to reduce entanglements. This year, after aerial surveys revealed large numbers of whales in crabbing waters, the industry pushed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1951057/crab-for-thanksgiving-dont-count-on-it-commercial-season-delayed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">delay the start\u003c/a> of commercial season to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santora, a science adviser for the group, believes the working group can be a model for other geographical areas, and that improved ocean monitoring and swift communication between stakeholders will be key to keeping entanglement numbers low in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing the same problems on the East Coast for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/group/right-whales/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">right whales\u003c/a>,” Santora said, “with changes in ocean conditions, changes in the whale’s prey, resulting in a redistribution of the whales so that they are becoming more entangled with lobster gear. It’s happening globally. We need to have new tools to deal with this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewison agrees: “This work demonstrates clearly why we need flexible and adaptable management approaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dynamic ocean management strategies, she explains, help fisheries managers, industry and the conservation community to “think retrospectively, to evaluate what went right or wrong from a management perspective, and also think proactively, to forecast what situations are likely to occur in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Much of the West Coast’s ocean bounty comes courtesy of the California Current, an up-welling of cold, nutrient-rich water in the late winter and early spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That stimulates the development of a rich food web that is sort of like a Serengeti of the ocean,” said Jarrod Santora, a research ecologist at UCSC and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humpback whales travel all the way from Hawaii to feast in the cold waters off the coast. But between the years 2014 and 2016, a severe marine heat wave, nicknamed “the blob,” coincided with an unprecedented number of humpback fatalities stemming from entanglements with fishing gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a new paper \u003ca href=\"https://news.ucsc.edu/2020/01/whale-entanglements.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published \u003c/a>Monday\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>Santora and colleagues say they know why: Warm water pushed the cold water into a long narrow band along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since cool water is where the whales forage for food, finding it only along the coast was like discovering all the restaurants in town are closed, except along one narrow strip. Unfortunately, the compression of feeding grounds coincided with crabbing season, so that the new dining hotspots were also littered with ropes connected to crab pots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rebecca Lewison, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservationecologylab.com/rebecca-lewison.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biology professor\u003c/a> at San Diego State University, who was not involved in the research, said in an email the paper is “an exciting example of the type of data integration and analyses that are needed to manage ocean resources sustainably given current and projected changes in the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA tracks the number of whales entangled each year, and prior to 2014, Pacific Coast whale entanglements numbered about 10 per year on average. But they jumped to 30 in 2014 and skyrocketed to 53 in 2015, then 56 in 2016. The numbers dropped the next two years but were still high historically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spate of deaths prompted the Center for Biological Diversity to file a lawsuit against the California Department of Fish and Wildlife for insufficient regulation of commercial crabbing fleets. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735659/california-dungeness-crab-fishery-to-close-three-months-early-to-protect-whales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">settlement\u003c/a> reached in March 2019 allows for more regulations and a potential end to the entire season if endangered whales become entangled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crisis also prompted the formation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/whale-entanglement-working-group/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Dungeness Crab Fishing Gear Working Group\u003c/a>, comprised of scientists, fishermen and managers who can share information to reduce entanglements. This year, after aerial surveys revealed large numbers of whales in crabbing waters, the industry pushed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1951057/crab-for-thanksgiving-dont-count-on-it-commercial-season-delayed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">delay the start\u003c/a> of commercial season to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santora, a science adviser for the group, believes the working group can be a model for other geographical areas, and that improved ocean monitoring and swift communication between stakeholders will be key to keeping entanglement numbers low in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing the same problems on the East Coast for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/group/right-whales/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">right whales\u003c/a>,” Santora said, “with changes in ocean conditions, changes in the whale’s prey, resulting in a redistribution of the whales so that they are becoming more entangled with lobster gear. It’s happening globally. We need to have new tools to deal with this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewison agrees: “This work demonstrates clearly why we need flexible and adaptable management approaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dynamic ocean management strategies, she explains, help fisheries managers, industry and the conservation community to “think retrospectively, to evaluate what went right or wrong from a management perspective, and also think proactively, to forecast what situations are likely to occur in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jon Brooks contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Coastal Commission and the State Lands Commission continue their battle with Silicon Valley billionaire Vinod Khosla over public access to Martins Beach on the San Mateo County coast. For 100 years, Bay Area families have been going to this beach, seven miles south of Half Moon Bay, to fish, swim and picnic. The only way onto this scenic beach is a single road through private property. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After Khosla, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, bought the land surrounding Martins Beach in 2008, he restricted access to that road by displaying “No Trespassing” signs, charging parking fees, and locking its access gate. This newest lawsuit continues a 10-year conflict that could affect land-access rights throughout California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Paul Rogers\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, managing editor of KQED Science, has been covering the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/01/06/martins-beach-california-sues-billionaire-vinod-khosla-over-public-access/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the Mercury News, where he writes about the environment. He and KQED’s Brian Watt spoke about the latest developments and long history surrounding Martins Beach. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s at the center of this newest lawsuit?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under a legal doctrine in California called \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=SSEZXsfcJYT-9AOpy5mIBg&q=implied+dedication&oq=implied+dedication&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0l2j0i22i30l8.2317.4585..4815...0.0..0.120.1198.16j2......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i131j0i70i249j0i22i10i30.Koki5eX5LGg&ved=0ahUKEwiHpbahr_rmAhUEP30KHallBmEQ4dUDCAg&uact=5&safe=active&ssui=on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">implied dedication\u003c/a>, public use of a road for five years or more without restrictions establishes a permanent legal right to the road. Khosla argues that people never had that right because, for years before he bought the land surrounding the beach, its former owners charged a parking fee. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote] This case represents a big clash between two rights: private property and free access to California’s coastline. [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last year in a separate lawsuit, a state appeals court agreed with Khosla. But the Coastal Commission is now arguing that the court didn’t consider all the evidence. For this new lawsuit, to demonstrate that people routinely used the access road without paying, the Coastal Commission has collected a century of photographs, journal entries, letters and the like from 230 families.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This is just one beach. Why is \u003c/b>\u003cb>this\u003c/b>\u003cb> case such a big deal?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmental groups and beachgoers say that what happens at Martins Beach could set a precedent that would allow very wealthy people in other parts of California — Malibu for example — to block access to public lands. Khosla has argued that he’s sticking up for his private property rights. Just as people have no right to walk through a landowner’s backyard without permission, he contends that they have no right to use the road through his property. This case represents a big clash between two rights: private property and free access to California’s coastline. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Didn’t Khosla already lose a case that went all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two years ago, the nation’s highest court refused to hear an appeal of a case that Khosla lost in three lower courts in California. The landowner had argued that he did not need a permit to close the gate to the access road running through his property to the beach. But California’s coastal law is pretty clear. Property owners need permits from the Coastal Commission not only when they build houses near the beach, but also if they change public access to the beach. So Khosla lost that case. Since then, he has opened the gate most days and he allows people who pay a $10 parking fee to drive to the beach.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How will the result of this latest lawsuit affect the fight over this beach?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s a really big juncture in this long-running battle because a win for Khosla would establish that there is no legal public right to use that road. Such a decision would make it easier for him to get a permit to close the gate from the Coastal Commission. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If the state wins, there’s almost no way that the Coastal Commission is going to grant that Khosla permit. Commissioners would argue that the public right to that road existed for decades. Additionally, the commission would probably prevent Khosla from charging the $10 parking fee. Potentially, it could fine him $20 million or more. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if California loses this case, the State Lands Commission could try to seize the road or access to it by eminent domain.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Coastal Commission and the State Lands Commission continue their battle with Silicon Valley billionaire Vinod Khosla over public access to Martins Beach on the San Mateo County coast. For 100 years, Bay Area families have been going to this beach, seven miles south of Half Moon Bay, to fish, swim and picnic. The only way onto this scenic beach is a single road through private property. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After Khosla, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, bought the land surrounding Martins Beach in 2008, he restricted access to that road by displaying “No Trespassing” signs, charging parking fees, and locking its access gate. This newest lawsuit continues a 10-year conflict that could affect land-access rights throughout California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Paul Rogers\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, managing editor of KQED Science, has been covering the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/01/06/martins-beach-california-sues-billionaire-vinod-khosla-over-public-access/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the Mercury News, where he writes about the environment. He and KQED’s Brian Watt spoke about the latest developments and long history surrounding Martins Beach. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s at the center of this newest lawsuit?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under a legal doctrine in California called \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=SSEZXsfcJYT-9AOpy5mIBg&q=implied+dedication&oq=implied+dedication&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0l2j0i22i30l8.2317.4585..4815...0.0..0.120.1198.16j2......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i131j0i70i249j0i22i10i30.Koki5eX5LGg&ved=0ahUKEwiHpbahr_rmAhUEP30KHallBmEQ4dUDCAg&uact=5&safe=active&ssui=on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">implied dedication\u003c/a>, public use of a road for five years or more without restrictions establishes a permanent legal right to the road. Khosla argues that people never had that right because, for years before he bought the land surrounding the beach, its former owners charged a parking fee. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": " This case represents a big clash between two rights: private property and free access to California’s coastline. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last year in a separate lawsuit, a state appeals court agreed with Khosla. But the Coastal Commission is now arguing that the court didn’t consider all the evidence. For this new lawsuit, to demonstrate that people routinely used the access road without paying, the Coastal Commission has collected a century of photographs, journal entries, letters and the like from 230 families.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This is just one beach. Why is \u003c/b>\u003cb>this\u003c/b>\u003cb> case such a big deal?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmental groups and beachgoers say that what happens at Martins Beach could set a precedent that would allow very wealthy people in other parts of California — Malibu for example — to block access to public lands. Khosla has argued that he’s sticking up for his private property rights. Just as people have no right to walk through a landowner’s backyard without permission, he contends that they have no right to use the road through his property. This case represents a big clash between two rights: private property and free access to California’s coastline. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Didn’t Khosla already lose a case that went all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two years ago, the nation’s highest court refused to hear an appeal of a case that Khosla lost in three lower courts in California. The landowner had argued that he did not need a permit to close the gate to the access road running through his property to the beach. But California’s coastal law is pretty clear. Property owners need permits from the Coastal Commission not only when they build houses near the beach, but also if they change public access to the beach. So Khosla lost that case. Since then, he has opened the gate most days and he allows people who pay a $10 parking fee to drive to the beach.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How will the result of this latest lawsuit affect the fight over this beach?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s a really big juncture in this long-running battle because a win for Khosla would establish that there is no legal public right to use that road. Such a decision would make it easier for him to get a permit to close the gate from the Coastal Commission. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If the state wins, there’s almost no way that the Coastal Commission is going to grant that Khosla permit. Commissioners would argue that the public right to that road existed for decades. Additionally, the commission would probably prevent Khosla from charging the $10 parking fee. Potentially, it could fine him $20 million or more. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if California loses this case, the State Lands Commission could try to seize the road or access to it by eminent domain.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Another round of the year’s highest tides is set to roll into the Bay Area in early February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">king tides\u003c/a>, as they are colloquially known, occur when the sun and moon are aligned so that their gravitational pull tugs Earth’s waters a few feet higher than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along San Francisco’s Embarcadero, for example, at Rincon Point near the Bay Bridge, the forecast calls for a high tide of 7.26 feet on Sunday, Feb. 9, at 11:20 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1955598\"]These days, the tides are frequently observed as a preview of a climate-change-driven rise in sea level, and how it might affect coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> California King Tides Project\u003c/a> lists more than dozen viewing events in the Bay Area and throughout the state, taking place Saturday, Feb. 8 and Sunday, Feb. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activities include a guided birding tour of Oakland’s Arrowhead Marsh with the Golden Gate Audubon Society, a beach cleanup at Bodega Bay, and a hike through the wetlands of Marin’s China Camp State Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This link contains a \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">full list of events.\u003c/a> Below is an interactive map showing the times and locations of the February king tides. Use the plus and minus signs on the lower left side of the map to zoom in and out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[googlemaps https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1lS8SEF6LfcWqRErr-g2hngubrL_IoX42&w=640&h=480]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>February will mark the second wave of king tides to hit the Bay Area this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955870\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-800x559.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-800x559.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-768x537.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-1020x713.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-1200x839.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sebastian Jasper plays in the pools of water resulting from the spilling of king tides onto the sidewalk at Rincon Point in downtown San Francisco on Jan. 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People who want to see the tides in person can \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/participate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">upload their photos\u003c/a> to the California King Tides Project’s interactive map. The project’s website also reminds folks to watch their footing when they view or photograph the high water:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“The most important thing to remember is to \u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003ci>be safe\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003ci>! Take extra precautions when you walk on slippery areas or near big waves, and always be conscious of your surroundings and the weather conditions. Don’t turn your back on the ocean!”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiovvLqm_LmAhUXHzQIHQcpCBQQFjAKegQIBBAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsites%2Fproduction%2Ffiles%2F2014-04%2Fdocuments%2Fking_tides_factsheet.pdf&usg=AOvVaw28ml8wKBDkbo8JGjO25_1Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extreme high tides\u003c/a> occur several times a year. After February, the next chance to spot king tides in California will be in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Another round of the year’s highest tides is set to roll into the Bay Area in early February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">king tides\u003c/a>, as they are colloquially known, occur when the sun and moon are aligned so that their gravitational pull tugs Earth’s waters a few feet higher than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along San Francisco’s Embarcadero, for example, at Rincon Point near the Bay Bridge, the forecast calls for a high tide of 7.26 feet on Sunday, Feb. 9, at 11:20 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>These days, the tides are frequently observed as a preview of a climate-change-driven rise in sea level, and how it might affect coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> California King Tides Project\u003c/a> lists more than dozen viewing events in the Bay Area and throughout the state, taking place Saturday, Feb. 8 and Sunday, Feb. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activities include a guided birding tour of Oakland’s Arrowhead Marsh with the Golden Gate Audubon Society, a beach cleanup at Bodega Bay, and a hike through the wetlands of Marin’s China Camp State Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This link contains a \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">full list of events.\u003c/a> Below is an interactive map showing the times and locations of the February king tides. Use the plus and minus signs on the lower left side of the map to zoom in and out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1lS8SEF6LfcWqRErr-g2hngubrL_IoX42&w=640&h=480'\n title='https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1lS8SEF6LfcWqRErr-g2hngubrL_IoX42&w=640&h=480'\n width='640'\n height='480'\n scrolling='no'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>February will mark the second wave of king tides to hit the Bay Area this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955870\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-800x559.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-800x559.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-768x537.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-1020x713.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-1200x839.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sebastian Jasper plays in the pools of water resulting from the spilling of king tides onto the sidewalk at Rincon Point in downtown San Francisco on Jan. 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People who want to see the tides in person can \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/participate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">upload their photos\u003c/a> to the California King Tides Project’s interactive map. The project’s website also reminds folks to watch their footing when they view or photograph the high water:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“The most important thing to remember is to \u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003ci>be safe\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003ci>! Take extra precautions when you walk on slippery areas or near big waves, and always be conscious of your surroundings and the weather conditions. Don’t turn your back on the ocean!”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiovvLqm_LmAhUXHzQIHQcpCBQQFjAKegQIBBAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsites%2Fproduction%2Ffiles%2F2014-04%2Fdocuments%2Fking_tides_factsheet.pdf&usg=AOvVaw28ml8wKBDkbo8JGjO25_1Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extreme high tides\u003c/a> occur several times a year. After February, the next chance to spot king tides in California will be in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Kelp! They Need Somebody … To Eat Sea Urchins",
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"content": "\u003cp>Denise MacDonald held out a tray of spiny purple sea urchins. The roe, served in the shell and the color of egg yolk, contrasted nicely with the urchin’s dark, purple spines. MacDonald, director of global brand marketing at a company called Urchinomics, invited me to have a taste. I scooped up a blueberry-sized amount with a spoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s good: salty, fresh, creamy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tastes like the sea,” I said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But with a buttery aftertaste,” said MacDonald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urchinomics and its partner, the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, are running a trial designed to develop methods for ranching purple sea urchins for profit, while at the same time addressing the consequences of a nasty ecological chain reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014-15, sea stars began dying en masse from a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1937467/historic-sea-star-die-off-tied-to-global-warming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mysterious wasting disease\u003c/a>, which scientists believe was exacerbated by a massive blob of warm water that spread throughout the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because starfish prey on sea urchins, the latter population’s exploded when the former’s dwindled. The urchin boom had a profound effect on another ocean-living organism: kelp, a type of seaweed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During that time, the urchin populations … started to eat all of the kelp forests along our coast,” said Laura Rogers-Bennett, an environmental scientist at the Bodega Marine Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean hasn’t been the same since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More than 90% of the kelp forest has disappeared from San Francisco up into southern Oregon and has been replaced by sea urchin barrens,” Rogers-Bennett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, a kelp forest provides a wealth of benefits, harboring fish, sequestering carbon, preventing shoreline erosion and producing oxygen. Areas bare of kelp can’t do any of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the regrowth of trees takes decades, these kelp forests could bounce back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re very fast-growing,” said Rogers-Bennett. “It would take them only six months to rebound, if we could remove some of this urchin-grazing pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s where eating purple sea urchins comes in …\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1952342\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The contrast between an urchin just brought in from the barrens (left) and an urchin plumped up on kombu seaweed in a lab trial, demonstrates the effectiveness of the urchin ranching operation at the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory. \u003ccite>(Ryan Tamborski/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Introducing Your New Favorite Delicacy \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re doing here is we’re looking at a financial incentive model that makes these purple urchins of value,” said Karl Menard, aquatic resources manager at the Bodega lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that divers can collect urchins off the coast by the thousands and relocate them into a sort of urchin ranch. The urchins, having gobbled up an entire seaweed forest into nonexistence, frequently arrive at the lab in a state of starvation. They are raised in plastic crates and fed pellets of dried algae, made from the trimmings of kombu, a type of kelp that is processed in factories for human consumption. That diet can fatten them up in about eight weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952343\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40335_IMG_4513-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40335_IMG_4513-sfi.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40335_IMG_4513-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Karl Menard lifts a tray out of urchins out of the water in the Bodega Marine Lab urchin ranching operations. \u003ccite>(Ryan Tamborski/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The “roe” or uni is already a delicacy in Japan and commonly used in sushi. (Technically speaking, roe is a mass of eggs, but uni are urchin gonads.) A live urchin full of uni can be sold for good money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They would be considered a premium product and could be worth $8 or $10 or more in the market,” said Menard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope ultimately is to make urchins a common food anywhere they have created a barrens on the Pacific coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacDonald envisions one day being able to go into seafood restaurants to try urchin from different regions, the way we do now with oysters. “I think that there’s there’s room for that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month Urchinomics opened a commercial site in Oita, on the Japanese island of Kyushu. The company is currently negotiating a lease for a property in Bodega Bay, and it’s hoping to be fully operational in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A partnership between UC Davis and a seafood company aims to restore kelp forests by 'ranching' purple sea urchins and selling them off as food. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Denise MacDonald held out a tray of spiny purple sea urchins. The roe, served in the shell and the color of egg yolk, contrasted nicely with the urchin’s dark, purple spines. MacDonald, director of global brand marketing at a company called Urchinomics, invited me to have a taste. I scooped up a blueberry-sized amount with a spoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s good: salty, fresh, creamy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tastes like the sea,” I said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But with a buttery aftertaste,” said MacDonald.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urchinomics and its partner, the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, are running a trial designed to develop methods for ranching purple sea urchins for profit, while at the same time addressing the consequences of a nasty ecological chain reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014-15, sea stars began dying en masse from a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1937467/historic-sea-star-die-off-tied-to-global-warming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mysterious wasting disease\u003c/a>, which scientists believe was exacerbated by a massive blob of warm water that spread throughout the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because starfish prey on sea urchins, the latter population’s exploded when the former’s dwindled. The urchin boom had a profound effect on another ocean-living organism: kelp, a type of seaweed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During that time, the urchin populations … started to eat all of the kelp forests along our coast,” said Laura Rogers-Bennett, an environmental scientist at the Bodega Marine Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean hasn’t been the same since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More than 90% of the kelp forest has disappeared from San Francisco up into southern Oregon and has been replaced by sea urchin barrens,” Rogers-Bennett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, a kelp forest provides a wealth of benefits, harboring fish, sequestering carbon, preventing shoreline erosion and producing oxygen. Areas bare of kelp can’t do any of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the regrowth of trees takes decades, these kelp forests could bounce back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re very fast-growing,” said Rogers-Bennett. “It would take them only six months to rebound, if we could remove some of this urchin-grazing pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s where eating purple sea urchins comes in …\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1952342\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40333_IMG_4548-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The contrast between an urchin just brought in from the barrens (left) and an urchin plumped up on kombu seaweed in a lab trial, demonstrates the effectiveness of the urchin ranching operation at the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory. \u003ccite>(Ryan Tamborski/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Introducing Your New Favorite Delicacy \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re doing here is we’re looking at a financial incentive model that makes these purple urchins of value,” said Karl Menard, aquatic resources manager at the Bodega lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that divers can collect urchins off the coast by the thousands and relocate them into a sort of urchin ranch. The urchins, having gobbled up an entire seaweed forest into nonexistence, frequently arrive at the lab in a state of starvation. They are raised in plastic crates and fed pellets of dried algae, made from the trimmings of kombu, a type of kelp that is processed in factories for human consumption. That diet can fatten them up in about eight weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952343\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40335_IMG_4513-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40335_IMG_4513-sfi.jpg 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40335_IMG_4513-sfi-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Karl Menard lifts a tray out of urchins out of the water in the Bodega Marine Lab urchin ranching operations. \u003ccite>(Ryan Tamborski/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The “roe” or uni is already a delicacy in Japan and commonly used in sushi. (Technically speaking, roe is a mass of eggs, but uni are urchin gonads.) A live urchin full of uni can be sold for good money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They would be considered a premium product and could be worth $8 or $10 or more in the market,” said Menard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope ultimately is to make urchins a common food anywhere they have created a barrens on the Pacific coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MacDonald envisions one day being able to go into seafood restaurants to try urchin from different regions, the way we do now with oysters. “I think that there’s there’s room for that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month Urchinomics opened a commercial site in Oita, on the Japanese island of Kyushu. The company is currently negotiating a lease for a property in Bodega Bay, and it’s hoping to be fully operational in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The 2010s saw breakthroughs in medical science and spectacular discoveries in space and physics. For Californians, it was also the decade that climate change arrived in our front yards in the form of serial cataclysmic fire seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the decade, scientists refined the regimen of HIV/AIDS medication, made life-saving advances in the treatment of cancer, and invented an entirely new gene-editing technology, with the hope of one day curing diseases before they begin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s New Horizons probe captured the first close-up \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">images\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\">of\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\">Pluto\u003c/a>, and the world caught its first \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101870482/first-photos-of-a-black-hole-captured-by-event-horizon-telescope-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">glimpse\u003c/a>, albeit a bit blurry, of a black hole. Our understanding of exoplanets exploded: the Kepler Space Telescope and the TESS satellite found thousands of new planets outside our solar system, and researchers began to comprehend what those worlds might actually look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the decade closes, the KQED Science team has created a sort of mixtape of the major trends, significant moments and noteworthy discoveries, with an eye toward California and the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do you want the good news or the bad news first? Well, let’s get it out of the way …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildfires Create Havoc\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952558\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1952558 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1200x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crew of inmate firefighters make their way to firefighting operations to battle the Kincade Fire in Healdsburg, California on October 26, 2019.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The changing climate is leading to longer dry periods in California, which is at least three degrees warmer since the beginning of the industrial era, the Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/climate-change-ca.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, combined with a century of suppressing wildfires and denser populations in areas perilously close to fire-prone wilderness, have created the worst fire seasons on record. Since 2012, four of the five \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/5510/top20_acres.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biggest\u003c/a> California wildfires have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934533/the-new-abnormal-climate-effects-on-the-fire-season-are-just-beginning;%20https:/www.kqed.org/science/1950703/climate-change-is-driving-californias-wildfires-the-kincade-fire-not-so-much)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">burned\u003c/a> over 1.2 million acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on Oct. 8, 2017, hot, dry winds downed power lines, carrying sparks and flaming embers long distances to ignite multiple fires. The Tubbs Fire and other North Bay blazes scorched large areas of Sonoma and Napa counties, claiming 44 lives and destroying over 8,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following summer, during the Carr Fire, a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928143/reddings-firenado-was-not-your-garden-variety-fire-whirl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fire tornado\u003c/a>” exploded into the outskirts of Redding, devastating everything in its path. The blaze killed eight people and destroyed 1,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the worst was yet to come. In November, the Camp Fire nearly wiped out the town of Paradise and surrounding communities. It was the deadliest wildfire in California history, killing 86 people, destroying almost 14,000 homes, and costing more money than any natural disaster in the world that year. Across wide swaths of the state, smoke from the fire rendered the air unhealthy to breathe, inundating the Bay Area for almost two weeks so that the region registered its worst air quality on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952579\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1952579 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1200x774.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1200x774.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of homes destroyed by the Camp Fire on February 11, 2019 in Paradise, California. \u003ccite>(Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As far as global warming goes, the outlook is not good, whether it relates to fires or to other natural disasters. The 2010s included the hottest year (2017) and the hottest month (July 2019) on record, and the 10 years that make up the decade will almost certainly set a new temperature mark as well, according to the U.N., based on millions of global measurements taken over the last 170 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, our series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/livingwithwildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Living With Wildfire: California Reimagined\u003c/a> asked some big questions about how the state can, in our warming world, learn to survive more frequent and ferocious conflagrations. Are some fire-prone areas now too dangerous to accommodate new housing? How can towns prepare for mass evacuations? And neighborhoods make themselves fire-resistant? Are Californians willing to suffer the inconvenience and financial cost to protect the state from extreme wildfires? Perhaps, but it will mean big changes in how we think and live. — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Californians began to experience climate change in the form of hotter days and more destructive fires, state policies to mitigate global warming began to pay dividends. California’s investor-owned utilities shattered \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/rps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renewable energy\u003c/a> targets mandated by the state, and California \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/942b5a251fac413a84fc4eb93a67c46c/California-meets-greenhouse-gas-reduction-goal-years-early\">reduced\u003c/a> its overall emissions of greenhouse gases below the 1990 level, two years ahead of schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These climate policies, in a state with the world’s fifth largest economy, helped spur a rapid decline in the cost of renewable energy around the U.S. This past decade, the cost of wind energy fell by 57%, utility-scale solar power by 86%, and battery energy storage by 76%. In 2019, for the first time, power generation in the U.S. from renewable energy \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=39992\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">surpassed\u003c/a> power produced from coal. \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952593 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1-160x118.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are big successes, but California has a lot of work to do over the next 10 years if the state is going to meet its 2045 goal of net-zero emissions, also called carbon neutrality. California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">way behind \u003c/a>in meeting this ambitious objective, in part because emissions from the transportation sector are soaring, due to Californians driving more miles in larger, gas-guzzling trucks and of SUVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is trying to reverse this trend by incentivizing fuel-efficient cars and setting a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/zev/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">target\u003c/a> of 5 million electric vehicles traversing California roads by 2030. But meeting that goal is going to be tough, with sales of EVs currently standing at only a \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/sales-dashboard/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fraction of that total.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, frustrated by the lack of progress in the fight against climate change, young people took to the streets the last couple of years. The Sunrise Movement, Youth vs. Apocalypse and other Bay Area advocacy groups participated in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947584/live-blog-bay-area-climate-strike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">global climate strikes \u003c/a>protesting the failure of government, finance, industry and other institutions to address climate change.– \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kevin Stark\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical Advances\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade saw major advances in the treatment of HIV and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 10 years, scientists have perfected antiretroviral drugs, taken daily in a single pill by people who are HIV-positive. These drugs allow HIV patients to live relatively free of sickness, a far cry from the first decade of the epidemic, when the diagnosis was tantamount to a death sentence. No longer highly toxic, antiretrovirals now work so well they can lower a patient’s viral load to undetectable levels, making it untransmittable from one person to another. Another daily pill, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfaf.org/resource-library/prep/?utm_source=GoogleAds&utm_medium=CPC&utm_campaign=GoogleAds_UEqualsU_PrEP&gclid=CjwKCAiAluLvBRASEiwAAbX3GcnQ19OOhwWeCw4YFui4HMm-wM45wQzXB0fgh9a1hPAxzgkFYKnxRBoCsswQAvD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PrEP,\u003c/a> can be used as a prophylactic against HIV exposure by people who are still free of the virus. Such major strides in treatment and prevention are why scientists are optimistic HIV will be eradicated altogether within the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some types of cancer, a treatment called immunotherapy drastically improved survival and cure rates. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444527/advanced-skin-cancer-was-once-a-death-sentence-immunotherapy-is-changing-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stage 4 melanoma \u003c/a>, which doesn’t respond to radiation or chemotherapy, used to mean \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444527/advanced-skin-cancer-was-once-a-death-sentence-immunotherapy-is-changing-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">certain death\u003c/a>, with patients surviving less than a year on average. But over the last decade, instead of burning or poisoning cancer cells to stop the disease, new medicines have unleashed the body’s natural defenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally the immune system recognizes disease-causing organisms. But cancer cells go undetected as harmful. New drugs, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/439584/new-gene-therapy-gives-teen-a-second-chance-after-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">genetic engineering\u003c/a> techniques, make them visible and ripe for attack. Think of it like affixing a flag with the message “kill me” on cells that previously operated with impunity. Pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer, among other types, do not currently respond to immunotherapy, but scientists foresee a day when the treatment could be the primary weapon against an array of cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1952602 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1200x797.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1200x797.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may also be a day when doctors can eliminate genetic diseases altogether. A tool called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/370/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CRISPR \u003c/a>acts as a molecular scalpel that can make precise changes to genetic mutations giving rise to disease. Scientists hope to one day cure genetic conditions like blindness or sickle cell anemia before they even start. Though tinkering with our DNA raises all kinds of ethical questions about “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934916/chinese-scientist-says-hes-first-to-create-genetically-modified-babies-using-crispr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">playing God\u003c/a>.”– \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesleywmcclurg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesley McClurg\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Predictions Fulfilled\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade saw some spectacular discoveries in space and physics, some of which had been predicted for decades. Theoretical foresight frequently falls short or remains unproven, but once in a while, it’s right on the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two discoveries in particular should be remembered as a vindication of the human ability to understand and model the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, two teams at CERN, often referred to as the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, announced they had independently detected the Higgs boson. This is a particle associated with an energy field, called the Higgs field, that was theorized in the 1960s and ’70s as a solution to the question: How does matter obtain mass?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer: Through the action of an elementary particle, such as an electron or a quark, interacting with the Higgs field. The more the particle interacts, the more massive it is. And the boson? That’s the particle that the Higgs field emits. The detection of the Higgs boson proved that the Higgs field is real, and it was the final piece of the puzzle for the Standard Model, a set of equations describing how three of the four fundamental forces work. Now, only gravity remains unexplained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade also saw the discovery of gravitational waves, predicted by none other than Albert Einstein in 1916. Einstein thought the acceleration of objects with enough mass would create ripples in the fabric of spacetime. And he thought right. About 100 years later, dual detectors that make up the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, registered those ripples in the form of the aftershock created by two black holes colliding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traveling far above Earth-bound detection instruments like LIGO, spacecraft originating on Earth reached interstellar space for the first time. These are the Voyager probes, each carrying a copy of the \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Golden Record\u003c/a>, which holds images, music and greetings from Earth. — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "The Big Science and Environment Stories of the Decade | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The 2010s saw breakthroughs in medical science and spectacular discoveries in space and physics. For Californians, it was also the decade that climate change arrived in our front yards in the form of serial cataclysmic fire seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the decade, scientists refined the regimen of HIV/AIDS medication, made life-saving advances in the treatment of cancer, and invented an entirely new gene-editing technology, with the hope of one day curing diseases before they begin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s New Horizons probe captured the first close-up \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">images\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\">of\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-best-close-up-of-plutos-surface\">Pluto\u003c/a>, and the world caught its first \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101870482/first-photos-of-a-black-hole-captured-by-event-horizon-telescope-project\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">glimpse\u003c/a>, albeit a bit blurry, of a black hole. Our understanding of exoplanets exploded: the Kepler Space Telescope and the TESS satellite found thousands of new planets outside our solar system, and researchers began to comprehend what those worlds might actually look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the decade closes, the KQED Science team has created a sort of mixtape of the major trends, significant moments and noteworthy discoveries, with an eye toward California and the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do you want the good news or the bad news first? Well, let’s get it out of the way …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildfires Create Havoc\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952558\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1952558 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1200x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40592_GettyImages-1178415177-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crew of inmate firefighters make their way to firefighting operations to battle the Kincade Fire in Healdsburg, California on October 26, 2019.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The changing climate is leading to longer dry periods in California, which is at least three degrees warmer since the beginning of the industrial era, the Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/climate-change-ca.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reported\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change, combined with a century of suppressing wildfires and denser populations in areas perilously close to fire-prone wilderness, have created the worst fire seasons on record. Since 2012, four of the five \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/media/5510/top20_acres.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">biggest\u003c/a> California wildfires have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934533/the-new-abnormal-climate-effects-on-the-fire-season-are-just-beginning;%20https:/www.kqed.org/science/1950703/climate-change-is-driving-californias-wildfires-the-kincade-fire-not-so-much)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">burned\u003c/a> over 1.2 million acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on Oct. 8, 2017, hot, dry winds downed power lines, carrying sparks and flaming embers long distances to ignite multiple fires. The Tubbs Fire and other North Bay blazes scorched large areas of Sonoma and Napa counties, claiming 44 lives and destroying over 8,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following summer, during the Carr Fire, a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928143/reddings-firenado-was-not-your-garden-variety-fire-whirl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fire tornado\u003c/a>” exploded into the outskirts of Redding, devastating everything in its path. The blaze killed eight people and destroyed 1,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the worst was yet to come. In November, the Camp Fire nearly wiped out the town of Paradise and surrounding communities. It was the deadliest wildfire in California history, killing 86 people, destroying almost 14,000 homes, and costing more money than any natural disaster in the world that year. Across wide swaths of the state, smoke from the fire rendered the air unhealthy to breathe, inundating the Bay Area for almost two weeks so that the region registered its worst air quality on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1952579\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1952579 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1200x774.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1200x774.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-800x516.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-768x495.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/RS40593_GettyImages-1129061413-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of homes destroyed by the Camp Fire on February 11, 2019 in Paradise, California. \u003ccite>(Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As far as global warming goes, the outlook is not good, whether it relates to fires or to other natural disasters. The 2010s included the hottest year (2017) and the hottest month (July 2019) on record, and the 10 years that make up the decade will almost certainly set a new temperature mark as well, according to the U.N., based on millions of global measurements taken over the last 170 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, our series \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/tag/livingwithwildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Living With Wildfire: California Reimagined\u003c/a> asked some big questions about how the state can, in our warming world, learn to survive more frequent and ferocious conflagrations. Are some fire-prone areas now too dangerous to accommodate new housing? How can towns prepare for mass evacuations? And neighborhoods make themselves fire-resistant? Are Californians willing to suffer the inconvenience and financial cost to protect the state from extreme wildfires? Perhaps, but it will mean big changes in how we think and live. — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Californians began to experience climate change in the form of hotter days and more destructive fires, state policies to mitigate global warming began to pay dividends. California’s investor-owned utilities shattered \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/rps/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renewable energy\u003c/a> targets mandated by the state, and California \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/942b5a251fac413a84fc4eb93a67c46c/California-meets-greenhouse-gas-reduction-goal-years-early\">reduced\u003c/a> its overall emissions of greenhouse gases below the 1990 level, two years ahead of schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These climate policies, in a state with the world’s fifth largest economy, helped spur a rapid decline in the cost of renewable energy around the U.S. This past decade, the cost of wind energy fell by 57%, utility-scale solar power by 86%, and battery energy storage by 76%. In 2019, for the first time, power generation in the U.S. from renewable energy \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=39992\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">surpassed\u003c/a> power produced from coal. \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1952593 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/2019Batteries_Cost_CMN-768x564-1-160x118.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are big successes, but California has a lot of work to do over the next 10 years if the state is going to meet its 2045 goal of net-zero emissions, also called carbon neutrality. California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1948712/your-suv-is-really-messing-with-the-states-climate-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">way behind \u003c/a>in meeting this ambitious objective, in part because emissions from the transportation sector are soaring, due to Californians driving more miles in larger, gas-guzzling trucks and of SUVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is trying to reverse this trend by incentivizing fuel-efficient cars and setting a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpuc.ca.gov/zev/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">target\u003c/a> of 5 million electric vehicles traversing California roads by 2030. But meeting that goal is going to be tough, with sales of EVs currently standing at only a \u003ca href=\"https://www.veloz.org/sales-dashboard/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fraction of that total.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, frustrated by the lack of progress in the fight against climate change, young people took to the streets the last couple of years. The Sunrise Movement, Youth vs. Apocalypse and other Bay Area advocacy groups participated in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947584/live-blog-bay-area-climate-strike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">global climate strikes \u003c/a>protesting the failure of government, finance, industry and other institutions to address climate change.– \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/StarkKev\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kevin Stark\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical Advances\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade saw major advances in the treatment of HIV and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 10 years, scientists have perfected antiretroviral drugs, taken daily in a single pill by people who are HIV-positive. These drugs allow HIV patients to live relatively free of sickness, a far cry from the first decade of the epidemic, when the diagnosis was tantamount to a death sentence. No longer highly toxic, antiretrovirals now work so well they can lower a patient’s viral load to undetectable levels, making it untransmittable from one person to another. Another daily pill, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfaf.org/resource-library/prep/?utm_source=GoogleAds&utm_medium=CPC&utm_campaign=GoogleAds_UEqualsU_PrEP&gclid=CjwKCAiAluLvBRASEiwAAbX3GcnQ19OOhwWeCw4YFui4HMm-wM45wQzXB0fgh9a1hPAxzgkFYKnxRBoCsswQAvD_BwE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PrEP,\u003c/a> can be used as a prophylactic against HIV exposure by people who are still free of the virus. Such major strides in treatment and prevention are why scientists are optimistic HIV will be eradicated altogether within the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some types of cancer, a treatment called immunotherapy drastically improved survival and cure rates. For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444527/advanced-skin-cancer-was-once-a-death-sentence-immunotherapy-is-changing-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stage 4 melanoma \u003c/a>, which doesn’t respond to radiation or chemotherapy, used to mean \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/444527/advanced-skin-cancer-was-once-a-death-sentence-immunotherapy-is-changing-that\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">certain death\u003c/a>, with patients surviving less than a year on average. But over the last decade, instead of burning or poisoning cancer cells to stop the disease, new medicines have unleashed the body’s natural defenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally the immune system recognizes disease-causing organisms. But cancer cells go undetected as harmful. New drugs, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/439584/new-gene-therapy-gives-teen-a-second-chance-after-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">genetic engineering\u003c/a> techniques, make them visible and ripe for attack. Think of it like affixing a flag with the message “kill me” on cells that previously operated with impunity. Pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer, among other types, do not currently respond to immunotherapy, but scientists foresee a day when the treatment could be the primary weapon against an array of cancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1952602 size-complete_open_graph\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1200x797.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1200x797.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/12/DESKTOP_CRISPR_171115-1.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may also be a day when doctors can eliminate genetic diseases altogether. A tool called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/370/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CRISPR \u003c/a>acts as a molecular scalpel that can make precise changes to genetic mutations giving rise to disease. Scientists hope to one day cure genetic conditions like blindness or sickle cell anemia before they even start. Though tinkering with our DNA raises all kinds of ethical questions about “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934916/chinese-scientist-says-hes-first-to-create-genetically-modified-babies-using-crispr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">playing God\u003c/a>.”– \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesleywmcclurg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lesley McClurg\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Predictions Fulfilled\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade saw some spectacular discoveries in space and physics, some of which had been predicted for decades. Theoretical foresight frequently falls short or remains unproven, but once in a while, it’s right on the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two discoveries in particular should be remembered as a vindication of the human ability to understand and model the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, two teams at CERN, often referred to as the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, announced they had independently detected the Higgs boson. This is a particle associated with an energy field, called the Higgs field, that was theorized in the 1960s and ’70s as a solution to the question: How does matter obtain mass?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer: Through the action of an elementary particle, such as an electron or a quark, interacting with the Higgs field. The more the particle interacts, the more massive it is. And the boson? That’s the particle that the Higgs field emits. The detection of the Higgs boson proved that the Higgs field is real, and it was the final piece of the puzzle for the Standard Model, a set of equations describing how three of the four fundamental forces work. Now, only gravity remains unexplained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decade also saw the discovery of gravitational waves, predicted by none other than Albert Einstein in 1916. Einstein thought the acceleration of objects with enough mass would create ripples in the fabric of spacetime. And he thought right. About 100 years later, dual detectors that make up the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, registered those ripples in the form of the aftershock created by two black holes colliding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traveling far above Earth-bound detection instruments like LIGO, spacecraft originating on Earth reached interstellar space for the first time. These are the Voyager probes, each carrying a copy of the \u003ca href=\"https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Golden Record\u003c/a>, which holds images, music and greetings from Earth. — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielleVenton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Danielle Venton\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Crab for Thanksgiving? Don't Count on It. Commercial Season Delayed",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you were hoping for a locally caught Dungeness crab dinner this Thanksgiving, you may have to wait — or catch it yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Wednesday, hours before some boats in the commercial fleet were set to head out to drop crab pots, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife announced a \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=175182&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preliminary decision\u003c/a> to delay the season a second time this year, till mid-December. Allowing boats to go out before then could endanger humpback whales now migrating through prime crabbing waters between Half Moon Bay and Point Reyes, the department ruled. The season had already been delayed a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some port associations and commercial fleets, notably in Bodega Bay, San Francisco and Half Moon Bay, had requested the delay to avoid the chance of entangling whales in fishing gear. The department’s decision to postpone the season cited aerial and boat surveys this week that documented both whales in the fishing ground as well as concentrations of fish known to attract them. Surveys from the air in October showed “particularly high concentrations” of whales off the central coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Wildlife Director Charlton Bonham requested feedback on the preliminary decision by late Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backdrop for the delay is a 2017 Center for Biological Diversity \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/fisheries/pdfs/17-10-3_CA_Dungeness_Crab_Entanglement_Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> against the state for insufficient regulation of commercial crabbing fleets. That year, more than 70 whales became entangled in fishing gear. The settlement, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735659/california-dungeness-crab-fishery-to-close-three-months-early-to-protect-whales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reached \u003c/a>in March, allows for more regulations and a potential end to the entire season if endangered whales become entangled. That’s a risk the fishing industry is eager to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crab from Washington state should be available at local markets for Thanksgiving. The recreational crab season \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11784637/commercial-crab-fishing-season-tentatively-delayed-recreational-warning-issued\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opened\u003c/a> Nov. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you were hoping for a locally caught Dungeness crab dinner this Thanksgiving, you may have to wait — or catch it yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late Wednesday, hours before some boats in the commercial fleet were set to head out to drop crab pots, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife announced a \u003ca href=\"https://nrm.dfg.ca.gov/FileHandler.ashx?DocumentID=175182&inline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preliminary decision\u003c/a> to delay the season a second time this year, till mid-December. Allowing boats to go out before then could endanger humpback whales now migrating through prime crabbing waters between Half Moon Bay and Point Reyes, the department ruled. The season had already been delayed a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some port associations and commercial fleets, notably in Bodega Bay, San Francisco and Half Moon Bay, had requested the delay to avoid the chance of entangling whales in fishing gear. The department’s decision to postpone the season cited aerial and boat surveys this week that documented both whales in the fishing ground as well as concentrations of fish known to attract them. Surveys from the air in October showed “particularly high concentrations” of whales off the central coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Wildlife Director Charlton Bonham requested feedback on the preliminary decision by late Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backdrop for the delay is a 2017 Center for Biological Diversity \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/fisheries/pdfs/17-10-3_CA_Dungeness_Crab_Entanglement_Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuit\u003c/a> against the state for insufficient regulation of commercial crabbing fleets. That year, more than 70 whales became entangled in fishing gear. The settlement, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735659/california-dungeness-crab-fishery-to-close-three-months-early-to-protect-whales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reached \u003c/a>in March, allows for more regulations and a potential end to the entire season if endangered whales become entangled. That’s a risk the fishing industry is eager to avoid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crab from Washington state should be available at local markets for Thanksgiving. The recreational crab season \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11784637/commercial-crab-fishing-season-tentatively-delayed-recreational-warning-issued\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opened\u003c/a> Nov. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
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"order": 14
},
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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