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"title": "Massive California Kelp Decline Linked to Ocean Heat, Voracious Sea Urchins",
"headTitle": "Massive California Kelp Decline Linked to Ocean Heat, Voracious Sea Urchins | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Envision California’s lush forests from San Francisco to the Oregon border. Now imagine that 90 percent of those forests disappear within two years. Laura Rogers-Bennett, senior environmental scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, says that’s exactly what happened to underwater kelp forests off Northern California’s coastline from 2014-16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51114-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis published this week\u003c/a> in \u003cem>Scientific Reports\u003c/em> documents the rapid decline of California’s bull kelp. The study links the reduction in the seaweed’s population to a confluence of environmental and ecological stressors, including a marine heat wave, a sea star die-off and the emergence of an “urchin barrens,” large swaths of subtidal zones overtaken by kelp-hungry purple sea urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949763\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949763\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Katie-Sowul-CDFW-Urchin-Barren-surrounds-Red-Abalone-800x462.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"462\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purple sea urchins have overtaken California waters, grazing down forests of bull kelp. \u003ccite>(Katie Sowul/California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rogers-Bennett, who monitors kelp forests in partnership with the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, says taken together, these strains on the kelp population threaten the greater coastal ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are finding out,” she says, “that if we cross some of these thresholds, that the system will collapse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Observers are now noting kelp deforestation off the Oregon coast and in California south of San Francisco to Monterey Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ripple Effects \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper, published Monday, points to \u003ca href=\"https://climatechange.ucdavis.edu/news/unprecedented-number-of-warm-water-species-moved-northward-during-marine-heatwave/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">intense ocean warming\u003c/a> recorded in Northern California waters from 2014-17 as a major cause for the decline of the kelp forest. Kelp relies on nitrogen to thrive, but that element decreases as the ocean heats up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers-Bennett says as temperatures cooled back down, bull kelp, a resilient species, would normally have recovered. But warmer ocean temperatures created other conditions that accelerated the decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, an outbreak of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/30/690003678/massive-starfish-die-off-is-tied-to-global-warming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sea star wasting disease\u003c/a> linked to the warm ocean “blob” led to the mass die-off of 20 starfish species along the West Coast. In California, the disease decimated sea stars from San Mateo to Mendocino counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A primary food source for sea stars is urchins, which in turn feed on kelp. Without starfish to keep urchin populations in check, the number of purple sea urchins swelled beginning in 2014. The following year, says the analysis in \u003cem>Scientific Reports\u003c/em>, “purple sea urchins shifted to a more aggressive feeding behavior,” devouring more layers of the kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Species Affected\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deforestation of Northern California’s kelp affects other species that rely on it for sustenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in 2017, abalone stocks in the region were down by 80 percent. That led the recreational red abalone fishery to shut down in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you envision the land … without the forest, there’d be many animals that would be starving, and that’s what we’re seeing,” Rogers-Bennett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are picking up and detecting what’s happening with the abalone, but they’re just an indicator species of that whole suite of organisms that depend on the kelp forest, that are all starving or have no homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring the Forest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to help restore the kelp forest, Rogers-Bennett says, is to harvest urchins for human consumption. Uni, or sea urchin gonads, is a premium menu item at many sushi restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers-Bennett says that while the scarcity of kelp harms the health and harvestability of wild urchins, relocating them to designated urchin farms, where they could be fed algae and other nutrients, could be a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This goes beyond sustainable farming, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re actually having a restorative seafood product because the more you eat of urchin, the better it is for the kelp forest,” she said. “So you’re restoring the kelp forest by eliminating that grazing pressure from those urchin that are just eating everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers-Bennett and colleagues are in the process of \u003ca href=\"https://farallones.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Bull-Kelp-Recovery-Plan-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">identifying pockets of coastal waters\u003c/a> off Sonoma and Mendocino counties where harvesters could remove urchins to bolster the recovery of California’s kelp forests.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Envision California’s lush forests from San Francisco to the Oregon border. Now imagine that 90 percent of those forests disappear within two years. Laura Rogers-Bennett, senior environmental scientist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, says that’s exactly what happened to underwater kelp forests off Northern California’s coastline from 2014-16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-51114-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis published this week\u003c/a> in \u003cem>Scientific Reports\u003c/em> documents the rapid decline of California’s bull kelp. The study links the reduction in the seaweed’s population to a confluence of environmental and ecological stressors, including a marine heat wave, a sea star die-off and the emergence of an “urchin barrens,” large swaths of subtidal zones overtaken by kelp-hungry purple sea urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1949763\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1949763\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Katie-Sowul-CDFW-Urchin-Barren-surrounds-Red-Abalone-800x462.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"462\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purple sea urchins have overtaken California waters, grazing down forests of bull kelp. \u003ccite>(Katie Sowul/California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rogers-Bennett, who monitors kelp forests in partnership with the UC Davis Bodega Marine Laboratory, says taken together, these strains on the kelp population threaten the greater coastal ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are finding out,” she says, “that if we cross some of these thresholds, that the system will collapse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Observers are now noting kelp deforestation off the Oregon coast and in California south of San Francisco to Monterey Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ripple Effects \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper, published Monday, points to \u003ca href=\"https://climatechange.ucdavis.edu/news/unprecedented-number-of-warm-water-species-moved-northward-during-marine-heatwave/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">intense ocean warming\u003c/a> recorded in Northern California waters from 2014-17 as a major cause for the decline of the kelp forest. Kelp relies on nitrogen to thrive, but that element decreases as the ocean heats up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers-Bennett says as temperatures cooled back down, bull kelp, a resilient species, would normally have recovered. But warmer ocean temperatures created other conditions that accelerated the decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, an outbreak of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/30/690003678/massive-starfish-die-off-is-tied-to-global-warming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sea star wasting disease\u003c/a> linked to the warm ocean “blob” led to the mass die-off of 20 starfish species along the West Coast. In California, the disease decimated sea stars from San Mateo to Mendocino counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A primary food source for sea stars is urchins, which in turn feed on kelp. Without starfish to keep urchin populations in check, the number of purple sea urchins swelled beginning in 2014. The following year, says the analysis in \u003cem>Scientific Reports\u003c/em>, “purple sea urchins shifted to a more aggressive feeding behavior,” devouring more layers of the kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Species Affected\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deforestation of Northern California’s kelp affects other species that rely on it for sustenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in 2017, abalone stocks in the region were down by 80 percent. That led the recreational red abalone fishery to shut down in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you envision the land … without the forest, there’d be many animals that would be starving, and that’s what we’re seeing,” Rogers-Bennett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are picking up and detecting what’s happening with the abalone, but they’re just an indicator species of that whole suite of organisms that depend on the kelp forest, that are all starving or have no homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring the Forest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to help restore the kelp forest, Rogers-Bennett says, is to harvest urchins for human consumption. Uni, or sea urchin gonads, is a premium menu item at many sushi restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers-Bennett says that while the scarcity of kelp harms the health and harvestability of wild urchins, relocating them to designated urchin farms, where they could be fed algae and other nutrients, could be a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This goes beyond sustainable farming, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re actually having a restorative seafood product because the more you eat of urchin, the better it is for the kelp forest,” she said. “So you’re restoring the kelp forest by eliminating that grazing pressure from those urchin that are just eating everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogers-Bennett and colleagues are in the process of \u003ca href=\"https://farallones.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Bull-Kelp-Recovery-Plan-2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">identifying pockets of coastal waters\u003c/a> off Sonoma and Mendocino counties where harvesters could remove urchins to bolster the recovery of California’s kelp forests.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Newly Approved Fishing Gear Reduces Ocean Wildlife Entanglements",
"headTitle": "Newly Approved Fishing Gear Reduces Ocean Wildlife Entanglements | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>If you order fresh swordfish off a menu in California, there’s a good chance it was caught with something called a drift gillnet. But these mile-long mesh nets are also notorious for entangling leatherback sea turtles, grey whales, sharks and porpoises, often leaving them injured or dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948342 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png 775w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-160x248.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-800x1239.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-768x1189.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png 990w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Studies show that deep-set buoy gear can catch swordfish without entangling marine mammals. Click on the image to make it larger.\u003c/strong> \u003ccite>(The PEW Charitable Trusts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and state government have been working to ban gillnets for years. In 2018, California passed a law to begin phasing out use of the nets in the state’s swordfishery. Now, the agency that manages California’s fisheries has approved an eco-friendly alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called deep-set buoy gear, and here’s how its works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hooks baited with squid are dropped on single lines to depths of around 1,000 feet, where swordfish like to feed. Attached to the line are buoys that float on the surface. When a fish takes the bait, a buoy bobs underwater, telling the fisherman it’s time to reel in the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://usa.oceana.org/sites/default/files/4046/benefits_of_deep-set_buoy_gear_november_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research shows that around 80 percent of what these lines bring up is swordfish. Over 90 percent is marketable when secondary species like thresher shark and opah are included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, studies show that more than half the haul from drift gillnets, on average, are discarded as unwanted bycatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After eight years of study, it is unequivocally a good way to catch swordfish without endangering so many other animals that are iconic to the West Coast,” said Paul Shively, who manages conservation projects for The PEW Charitable Trusts, a nonprofit that helped develop the new gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shively says that because gillnets are set out overnight near the surface of the ocean, they’re prone to ensnare many species that come up to feed. But buoy gear, he says, actively targets swordfish at deeper depths, where they feed during the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council voted unanimously in September to authorize deep-set buoy gear for commercial swordfishing off the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Ugoretz, an environmental program manager with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, who represents California for the Pacific Fishery Management Council, says one of the big benefits of buoy gear is that because fishermen actively respond to fish on their lines, bycatch can be released quickly, without harming the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s taking a new approach to catching a popular species and doing so in an environmentally friendly way,” Ugoretz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Sen. Dianne Feinstein, in a statement, praised the council’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is home to some of the most diverse marine life in the world,” Feinstein said. “But the driftnets used off California kill more dolphins, whales and porpoises than all other fisheries along the West Coast and Alaska combined. The use of this indiscriminate gear is unsustainable and must end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Feinstein \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=943603D6-6D7B-47FB-A6AB-1249870A12F8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reintroduced a bill\u003c/a> that would ban the use of gillnets in federal waters within five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, gillnet permits issued in California were valid for the lifetime of the permit holder. These permits could then be transferred to the next generation of fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a California state law signed by Gov. Brown last year made all existing gillnet permits nontransferable. The law also called for the creation of a transition program that would compensate fishermen if they surrender their gear in favor of a viable, environmentally responsible alternative. Once the gillnet transition program is finalized, existing drift gillnet permits will be valid for only four more years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘100 Fish in 100 Days’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some commercial fishermen question whether deep-set buoy gear is the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Sutton, a 40-year veteran swordfisherman based out of Ventura, has been testing the new gear on an experimental permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says while it’s good at accurately catching swordfish, the volume of fish he catches with buoy gear can’t compare to what he can pull up with gillnets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to fish every darn day to just basically average one fish a day. So a gillnetter will catch 100 fish in 30 days and we’ll catch 100 fish in 100 days,” Sutton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutton says the switch to buoy gear could put many of the state’s commercial swordfishermen out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to buy a house, have kids, go to college, this isn’t the fishery,” Sutton said. “I don’t think this gear is ready for prime time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends the state take a slower approach and do more testing if it plans to move ahead with the four-year countdown to end drift gillnet fishing in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it is, the change won’t happen overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council’s decision to approve deep-set buoy gear will now be passed on to the National Marine Fisheries Service, the agency in charge of creating the necessary regulations for its use. Ugoretz says this process could take more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California’s commercial fishermen can apply for experimental permits to start dropping deep-set buoy lines to catch swordfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you order fresh swordfish off a menu in California, there’s a good chance it was caught with something called a drift gillnet. But these mile-long mesh nets are also notorious for entangling leatherback sea turtles, grey whales, sharks and porpoises, often leaving them injured or dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1948342\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 568px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1948342 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-775x1200.png 775w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-160x248.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-800x1239.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final-768x1189.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/deepset_infographic_final.png 990w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003cstrong>Studies show that deep-set buoy gear can catch swordfish without entangling marine mammals. Click on the image to make it larger.\u003c/strong> \u003ccite>(The PEW Charitable Trusts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and state government have been working to ban gillnets for years. In 2018, California passed a law to begin phasing out use of the nets in the state’s swordfishery. Now, the agency that manages California’s fisheries has approved an eco-friendly alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called deep-set buoy gear, and here’s how its works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hooks baited with squid are dropped on single lines to depths of around 1,000 feet, where swordfish like to feed. Attached to the line are buoys that float on the surface. When a fish takes the bait, a buoy bobs underwater, telling the fisherman it’s time to reel in the line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://usa.oceana.org/sites/default/files/4046/benefits_of_deep-set_buoy_gear_november_2015.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research shows that around 80 percent of what these lines bring up is swordfish. Over 90 percent is marketable when secondary species like thresher shark and opah are included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, studies show that more than half the haul from drift gillnets, on average, are discarded as unwanted bycatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After eight years of study, it is unequivocally a good way to catch swordfish without endangering so many other animals that are iconic to the West Coast,” said Paul Shively, who manages conservation projects for The PEW Charitable Trusts, a nonprofit that helped develop the new gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shively says that because gillnets are set out overnight near the surface of the ocean, they’re prone to ensnare many species that come up to feed. But buoy gear, he says, actively targets swordfish at deeper depths, where they feed during the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council voted unanimously in September to authorize deep-set buoy gear for commercial swordfishing off the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Ugoretz, an environmental program manager with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, who represents California for the Pacific Fishery Management Council, says one of the big benefits of buoy gear is that because fishermen actively respond to fish on their lines, bycatch can be released quickly, without harming the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s taking a new approach to catching a popular species and doing so in an environmentally friendly way,” Ugoretz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Sen. Dianne Feinstein, in a statement, praised the council’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is home to some of the most diverse marine life in the world,” Feinstein said. “But the driftnets used off California kill more dolphins, whales and porpoises than all other fisheries along the West Coast and Alaska combined. The use of this indiscriminate gear is unsustainable and must end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Feinstein \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=943603D6-6D7B-47FB-A6AB-1249870A12F8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reintroduced a bill\u003c/a> that would ban the use of gillnets in federal waters within five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, gillnet permits issued in California were valid for the lifetime of the permit holder. These permits could then be transferred to the next generation of fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a California state law signed by Gov. Brown last year made all existing gillnet permits nontransferable. The law also called for the creation of a transition program that would compensate fishermen if they surrender their gear in favor of a viable, environmentally responsible alternative. Once the gillnet transition program is finalized, existing drift gillnet permits will be valid for only four more years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘100 Fish in 100 Days’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some commercial fishermen question whether deep-set buoy gear is the answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Sutton, a 40-year veteran swordfisherman based out of Ventura, has been testing the new gear on an experimental permit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says while it’s good at accurately catching swordfish, the volume of fish he catches with buoy gear can’t compare to what he can pull up with gillnets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to fish every darn day to just basically average one fish a day. So a gillnetter will catch 100 fish in 30 days and we’ll catch 100 fish in 100 days,” Sutton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sutton says the switch to buoy gear could put many of the state’s commercial swordfishermen out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to buy a house, have kids, go to college, this isn’t the fishery,” Sutton said. “I don’t think this gear is ready for prime time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends the state take a slower approach and do more testing if it plans to move ahead with the four-year countdown to end drift gillnet fishing in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it is, the change won’t happen overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council’s decision to approve deep-set buoy gear will now be passed on to the National Marine Fisheries Service, the agency in charge of creating the necessary regulations for its use. Ugoretz says this process could take more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California’s commercial fishermen can apply for experimental permits to start dropping deep-set buoy lines to catch swordfish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Lawmakers Punt On Landmark Plastic Pollution Bill",
"headTitle": "California Lawmakers Punt On Landmark Plastic Pollution Bill | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update 12:00 a.m. Monday, Sept. 16:\u003c/strong> During the early morning hours Saturday, California’s legislative session ended with lawmakers failing to pass legislation aimed at dramatically reducing plastic pollution from common manufactured goods like utensils, packaging and beverage lids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed legislation, companion bills \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">AB 1080\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">SB 54\u003c/a>, was a first-in-the-nation attempt at requiring plastic manufacturers to take responsibility for the fate of their single-use products, many of which end up in landfills and oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the session ended without lawmakers voting on the measures, they can be taken up again next year, and supporters vowed to pick them back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christy Leavitt, plastics campaign director for Oceana, a major California environmental group, said that it’s time for policymakers and companies to take action to curb the production of plastic items that people use once and toss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a corporate-driven crisis, and it’s up to policymakers to ensure the onus falls on companies to clean it up,” Leavitt said in a statement emailed to reporters. “While today’s lack of action is disappointing, this fight is not over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would have required companies to ensure that their products are recyclable or else face having them potentially banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was fiercely opposed by industry groups, which saw a threat to their bottom line. The industry argued that complying with the legislation would be unfeasible and end up as an added cost to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rules set a deadline of 2030 for several new requirements on manufacturers. First, all of California’s plastic forks, bowls and other utensils that are routinely used once and discarded must be recyclable or compostable; companies must reduce waste from plastic packaging by 75%; and single-use products made from unrecyclable material will be banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With recycling centers \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-08-13/recycling-crisis-bottle-can-deposit-redemption\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closing\u003c/a> across the state and China no longer accepting soiled plastic from the U.S., the bill signals a growing recognition from lawmakers that California faces a recycling crisis and pervasive plastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature passed another plastics bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB792\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 792\u003c/a>, that establishes a minimum recycled content level in plastic bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julia Stein, a supervising attorney with UCLA’s environmental law clinic, said \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">AB 1080\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">SB 54 \u003c/a>are attempts to comprehensively address plastic pollution, and that industry groups are concerned California could be a bellwether. “That’s what is spurring the industry opposition to this bill,” Stein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business lobbying has already resulted in changes. Two of the bills’ authors, Assembly member Lorena Gonzalez, D-San Diego, and Sen. Ben Allen, D-Santa Monica, released amendments meant to appease critics and reluctant lawmakers who worried the state’s recycling infrastructure could not support the additional materials resulting from the new rules, and who were concerned about a shortage of food-safe plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally, the bill automatically banned a product if a company couldn’t show that the material met the recycling requirements. Now, CalRecycle, the state agency that will administer the rules, must initiate a review process before a product is disallowed. The agency can also issue a penalty of up to $50,000 per day, but can give a company as long as two years to meet the regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Murray, executive director of the environmental advocacy organization Californians Against Waste, which lobbied for the bill, acknowledged the changes were necessary to secure votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel really good about the current administration and the current department, but it does add an additional step, which will add time,” Murray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plenty of Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the bills’ authors amended the legislation, the California Grocers Association dropped its opposition, the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2019-09-04/plastics-single-use-containers-california-recycling-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate organization, the Grocery Manufacturers Association, \u003ca href=\"https://www.gmaonline.org/news-events/newsroom/cpg-industry-calls-on-california-to-pass-workable-recycling-policy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signaled\u003c/a> it was open to a compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947201\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947201\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-800x553.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-800x553.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-768x530.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-1020x704.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-1200x829.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harder plastics like milk and detergent containers are sorted, crushed and separated into bales at the Recology recycling center in San Francisco. Photo from Sept. 6, 2019 \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Mike Gruber, vice president of government affairs for the group, said it’s unhappy with the recent changes and opposes the bill. “The size and the scope of the bill has dramatically increased,” he said. “We have major concerns about the state’s ability to implement it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group supports recycling goals, Gruber said, “but there needs to be more discussion of California’s broken recycling system, and that needs to be fixed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill is drawing a lot of attention from outside the state, says Jennie Romer, an attorney with the Surfrider Foundation’s Plastic Pollution Initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole country is looking at California to see whether this is going to pass, and there’s a lot riding on it right now,” she said. “The plastic industry is going to go down swinging, for sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">July analysis\u003c/a> of the Assembly bill by a legislative committee on the environment listed opposition from the \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1254509&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western Plastics Association\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1147195&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1254511&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plastics Industry Association\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1253580&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Bottled Water Association\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1143117&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Household and Commercial Products Association\u003c/a>, among dozens of other groups, many of which lobbied on the legislation, according to financial activity records filed with the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter opposing the bill , the Southwest California Legislative Council, a regional association of business groups, called it a “logistical nightmare” and said it would be “impossible to track products from cradle to the grave.” The group also said the measure would raise the cost of goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western Plastics Association dropped its opposition to the bill after the amendments were introduced in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list of the bill’s supporters includes Sierra Club California, Natural Resources Defense Council, SEIU, Ocean Conservancy and many other public advocacy groups, as well as city agencies and governmental bodies like the San Francisco Department of the Environment and the Los Angeles City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters say the plastic industry isn’t always arguing in good faith, and that some groups are being deceptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray, of Californians Against Waste, called out one industry-backed organization with a disingenuous name as an example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.recycle4ca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Californians for Recyling and the Environment\u003c/a> circulated social media posts with links to a web page promoting the idea that the legislation “threatens to negatively impact the availability, affordability and quality of many products California families rely on for our health and well-being.” The web page includes graphics of baby and pet food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a bridge too far,” Murray said. “In terms of trying to make an argument. Were we unsafe before we didn’t have all this plastic packaging?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s state lobbying \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1420035&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">records\u003c/a> names its president as Philip Rozenski, who is also the \u003ca href=\"https://novolex.com/news/novolex-expands-sustainability-and-public-affairs-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vice president\u003c/a> of public affairs for \u003ca href=\"https://novolex.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Novolex\u003c/a>, a U.S. manufacturer of plastic packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rozenski also served as the policy lead for another industry-backed group with a name connoting sustainability. The American Progressive Bag Alliance raised $6.1 million in an unsuccessful fight against a California ban on plastic bags in 2016, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article106779332.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article106779332.html\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An email request to Novolex to speak with Rozenski was answered by a spokesperson for Californians for Recycling and the Environment. Micah Grant said the bill’s recycling targets are “simply infeasible” and that the Legislature should “hit the pause button.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant also referred KQED to a member of the group, William Smart, president of the Southern California Chapter of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart said lawmakers should “slow down” and examine the impacts of the regulations on communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“African Americans use a lot of these products, and we want to make sure good alternatives are in place,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Potashner, director of strategic affairs for Recology, a San Francisco-based waste management company, which \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1147183&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lobbied\u003c/a> for the legislation, said the plastics industry was “throwing a lot of spaghetti at the wall and seeing what sticks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plastic Pollution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic problem extends well beyond the state. Right now, 335 million tons — that’s 670 billion pounds — of plastic are produced each year, and only about 9% is recycled, according to sources compiled in the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A UC Santa Barbara \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> conducted in 2017 found that half of all the plastic ever produced was manufactured in the previous 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic is an incredibly durable material. A plastic fork, for example, that makes its way into the ocean will break down over time into bits of confetti-sized-or-smaller scraps of plastic. This microplastic can eventually make its way into the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a million seabirds and 100,000 dolphins, seals and other marine mammals are killed every year due to plastic debris in the ocean, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/focus-areas/rio-20-ocean/blueprint-for-the-future-we-want/marine-pollution/facts-and-figures-on-marine-pollution/\">United Nations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, researchers found Monterey Bay, long considered to be an environmental success story, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic\">full\u003c/a> of microplastic. Researchers also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101871514/study-monterey-bay-infested-by-microplastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found\u003c/a> scraps of the stuff in Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought\">study\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought\">, \u003c/a>the average person in the U.S. consumes between 74,000 and 121,000 particles of plastic contained in food and beverages every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nWTa8w3SHc&=&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update 12:00 a.m. Monday, Sept. 16:\u003c/strong> During the early morning hours Saturday, California’s legislative session ended with lawmakers failing to pass legislation aimed at dramatically reducing plastic pollution from common manufactured goods like utensils, packaging and beverage lids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed legislation, companion bills \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">AB 1080\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">SB 54\u003c/a>, was a first-in-the-nation attempt at requiring plastic manufacturers to take responsibility for the fate of their single-use products, many of which end up in landfills and oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the session ended without lawmakers voting on the measures, they can be taken up again next year, and supporters vowed to pick them back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christy Leavitt, plastics campaign director for Oceana, a major California environmental group, said that it’s time for policymakers and companies to take action to curb the production of plastic items that people use once and toss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a corporate-driven crisis, and it’s up to policymakers to ensure the onus falls on companies to clean it up,” Leavitt said in a statement emailed to reporters. “While today’s lack of action is disappointing, this fight is not over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would have required companies to ensure that their products are recyclable or else face having them potentially banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was fiercely opposed by industry groups, which saw a threat to their bottom line. The industry argued that complying with the legislation would be unfeasible and end up as an added cost to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rules set a deadline of 2030 for several new requirements on manufacturers. First, all of California’s plastic forks, bowls and other utensils that are routinely used once and discarded must be recyclable or compostable; companies must reduce waste from plastic packaging by 75%; and single-use products made from unrecyclable material will be banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With recycling centers \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2019-08-13/recycling-crisis-bottle-can-deposit-redemption\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closing\u003c/a> across the state and China no longer accepting soiled plastic from the U.S., the bill signals a growing recognition from lawmakers that California faces a recycling crisis and pervasive plastic pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature passed another plastics bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB792\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 792\u003c/a>, that establishes a minimum recycled content level in plastic bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julia Stein, a supervising attorney with UCLA’s environmental law clinic, said \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">AB 1080\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">SB 54 \u003c/a>are attempts to comprehensively address plastic pollution, and that industry groups are concerned California could be a bellwether. “That’s what is spurring the industry opposition to this bill,” Stein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business lobbying has already resulted in changes. Two of the bills’ authors, Assembly member Lorena Gonzalez, D-San Diego, and Sen. Ben Allen, D-Santa Monica, released amendments meant to appease critics and reluctant lawmakers who worried the state’s recycling infrastructure could not support the additional materials resulting from the new rules, and who were concerned about a shortage of food-safe plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally, the bill automatically banned a product if a company couldn’t show that the material met the recycling requirements. Now, CalRecycle, the state agency that will administer the rules, must initiate a review process before a product is disallowed. The agency can also issue a penalty of up to $50,000 per day, but can give a company as long as two years to meet the regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Murray, executive director of the environmental advocacy organization Californians Against Waste, which lobbied for the bill, acknowledged the changes were necessary to secure votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel really good about the current administration and the current department, but it does add an additional step, which will add time,” Murray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plenty of Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the bills’ authors amended the legislation, the California Grocers Association dropped its opposition, the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2019-09-04/plastics-single-use-containers-california-recycling-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A separate organization, the Grocery Manufacturers Association, \u003ca href=\"https://www.gmaonline.org/news-events/newsroom/cpg-industry-calls-on-california-to-pass-workable-recycling-policy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">signaled\u003c/a> it was open to a compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1947201\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1947201\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-800x553.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-800x553.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-768x530.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-1020x704.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling-1200x829.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Plastic-recycling.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harder plastics like milk and detergent containers are sorted, crushed and separated into bales at the Recology recycling center in San Francisco. Photo from Sept. 6, 2019 \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Mike Gruber, vice president of government affairs for the group, said it’s unhappy with the recent changes and opposes the bill. “The size and the scope of the bill has dramatically increased,” he said. “We have major concerns about the state’s ability to implement it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group supports recycling goals, Gruber said, “but there needs to be more discussion of California’s broken recycling system, and that needs to be fixed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill is drawing a lot of attention from outside the state, says Jennie Romer, an attorney with the Surfrider Foundation’s Plastic Pollution Initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole country is looking at California to see whether this is going to pass, and there’s a lot riding on it right now,” she said. “The plastic industry is going to go down swinging, for sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">July analysis\u003c/a> of the Assembly bill by a legislative committee on the environment listed opposition from the \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1254509&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western Plastics Association\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1147195&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western States Petroleum Association\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1254511&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plastics Industry Association\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1253580&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">International Bottled Water Association\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1143117&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Household and Commercial Products Association\u003c/a>, among dozens of other groups, many of which lobbied on the legislation, according to financial activity records filed with the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter opposing the bill , the Southwest California Legislative Council, a regional association of business groups, called it a “logistical nightmare” and said it would be “impossible to track products from cradle to the grave.” The group also said the measure would raise the cost of goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western Plastics Association dropped its opposition to the bill after the amendments were introduced in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list of the bill’s supporters includes Sierra Club California, Natural Resources Defense Council, SEIU, Ocean Conservancy and many other public advocacy groups, as well as city agencies and governmental bodies like the San Francisco Department of the Environment and the Los Angeles City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters say the plastic industry isn’t always arguing in good faith, and that some groups are being deceptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray, of Californians Against Waste, called out one industry-backed organization with a disingenuous name as an example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.recycle4ca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Californians for Recyling and the Environment\u003c/a> circulated social media posts with links to a web page promoting the idea that the legislation “threatens to negatively impact the availability, affordability and quality of many products California families rely on for our health and well-being.” The web page includes graphics of baby and pet food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a bridge too far,” Murray said. “In terms of trying to make an argument. Were we unsafe before we didn’t have all this plastic packaging?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s state lobbying \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1420035&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">records\u003c/a> names its president as Philip Rozenski, who is also the \u003ca href=\"https://novolex.com/news/novolex-expands-sustainability-and-public-affairs-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vice president\u003c/a> of public affairs for \u003ca href=\"https://novolex.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Novolex\u003c/a>, a U.S. manufacturer of plastic packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rozenski also served as the policy lead for another industry-backed group with a name connoting sustainability. The American Progressive Bag Alliance raised $6.1 million in an unsuccessful fight against a California ban on plastic bags in 2016, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article106779332.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article106779332.html\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An email request to Novolex to speak with Rozenski was answered by a spokesperson for Californians for Recycling and the Environment. Micah Grant said the bill’s recycling targets are “simply infeasible” and that the Legislature should “hit the pause button.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant also referred KQED to a member of the group, William Smart, president of the Southern California Chapter of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart said lawmakers should “slow down” and examine the impacts of the regulations on communities of color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“African Americans use a lot of these products, and we want to make sure good alternatives are in place,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Potashner, director of strategic affairs for Recology, a San Francisco-based waste management company, which \u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying/Employers/Detail.aspx?id=1147183&session=2019&view=activity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lobbied\u003c/a> for the legislation, said the plastics industry was “throwing a lot of spaghetti at the wall and seeing what sticks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plastic Pollution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plastic problem extends well beyond the state. Right now, 335 million tons — that’s 670 billion pounds — of plastic are produced each year, and only about 9% is recycled, according to sources compiled in the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A UC Santa Barbara \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/7/e1700782.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> conducted in 2017 found that half of all the plastic ever produced was manufactured in the previous 13 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic is an incredibly durable material. A plastic fork, for example, that makes its way into the ocean will break down over time into bits of confetti-sized-or-smaller scraps of plastic. This microplastic can eventually make its way into the food chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a million seabirds and 100,000 dolphins, seals and other marine mammals are killed every year due to plastic debris in the ocean, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/focus-areas/rio-20-ocean/blueprint-for-the-future-we-want/marine-pollution/facts-and-figures-on-marine-pollution/\">United Nations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, researchers found Monterey Bay, long considered to be an environmental success story, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic\">full\u003c/a> of microplastic. Researchers also \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101871514/study-monterey-bay-infested-by-microplastic-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">found\u003c/a> scraps of the stuff in Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to one \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought\">study\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought\">, \u003c/a>the average person in the U.S. consumes between 74,000 and 121,000 particles of plastic contained in food and beverages every year.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/4nWTa8w3SHc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/4nWTa8w3SHc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Is a Toxic Soup",
"headTitle": "The Great Pacific Garbage Patch Is a Toxic Soup | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imagine a giant aquatic vortex between Hawaii and California where converging ocean currents stir a toxic soup of discarded fishing nets, bottles, ropes, toilet seats, toothbrushes, bottle caps, bags and microplastics smaller than your pinky nail.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It’s out there, and it has a name: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You could sail right through it without noticing you are in the midst of almost\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-22939-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 2 trillion\u003c/a> pieces of plastics churning between the surface and the bottom of the ocean. Most people can’t perceive how big it really is.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[pullquote size='medium align='right' citation='Kara Law]‘It’s easier to collect a floating bottle in the harbor than it is – some number of years later – to try to pick up 5,000 pieces of broken bottles, distributed over hundreds of square kilometers in the middle of the ocean.[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> “People picture a landfill or a dump floating out in the middle of the ocean. That is just not accurate,” says Kara Lavender Law of the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sea.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sea Education Association\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Think of it more as an accumulation of little things — a balloon, a red rubber flip-flop, a coffee can — far from where they belong. In 1972, the sight of these plastic objects in midocean surprised an observer enough that she wrote about it for the first time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elizabeth Venrick, a biologist at UC San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography, was aboard a research vessel that broke down in the Central North Pacific Ocean. “From this vantage point,” she wrote, “it was obvious that the sea surface is littered with a startling array of man-made objects, even 600 miles from the nearest major civilization (Hawaii) and outside the major shipping lanes.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Venrick’s log marked the first scientific record of the garbage accumulation in the Pacific Ocean. The journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> published a paper based on the researchers’ observations in 1973.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the time, Venrick and her colleagues dismissed the plastic as an aesthetic affront unlikely to enter the food chain and threaten human well-being. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But her article concluded with a warning and a reference to a nursery rhyme:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Unless we find adequate means of disposing of our plastic products soon,” she wrote, “we can anticipate that the ‘\u003ca href=\"https://poets.org/poem/wynken-blynken-and-nod\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wynken, Blynken and Nod’\u003c/a> of our children will set sail into a plastic sea, accompanied by all the ‘no-deposit, no-return’ products of our technology.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Almost 50 years later, researchers continue to study what Venrick saw, and some ambitious enterprises are trying to apply technological solutions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Desire to Clean\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://theoceancleanup.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ocean Cleanup\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a Netherlands-based nonprofit, has promised that its technology would remove half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in just five years. From a list of donors that included Silicon Valley billionaires Peter Thiel and Marc Benioff, the organization raised $40 million.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Last year, it launched a giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11691328/massive-barrier-sets-out-from-san-francisco-to-collect-the-pacific-oceans-plastic-trash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U-shaped barrier\u003c/a> on the San Francisco Bay. The structure is supposed to function like a coastline that collects plastic from the Pacific Ocean. In a couple of months, a 59-foot end-section fell off and the system \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11716204/an-engineering-wunderkinds-ocean-plastics-cleanup-device-hits-a-setback\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">returned\u003c/a> to land for repairs. The organization relaunched it in June.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International media have been paying attention to cleanup efforts. and to the growing realization that ocean plastics are an ugly, harmful and potentially toxic pollution problem for marine wildlife, one that’s expensive, and maybe impossible, to solve. Some environmentalists wonder if it’s even possible to clean up the Great Pacific Patch.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The goal isn’t to get everything,” explained Mary Crowley, founder and director of the Sausalito-based\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.oceanvoyagesinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ocean Voyages Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. “I think that is an unrealistic goal. But I think we can help make the ocean a healthier habitat for all the life within it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earlier this year, with the help of satellite-based GPS trackers, the Institute extracted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944183/pacific-plastic-purge-attempt-serves-as-a-reminder-of-the-daunting-task-ahead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">40 tons\u003c/a> of “ghost” fishing nets and other plastics from the North Pacific garbage patch. The expedition’s haul accounted for less than 0.1% of the abandoned nets scientists believe are still in the Pacific.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944194\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crew of the Greenpeace ship MY Arctic Sunrise voyage into the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, documenting plastics and other marine debris. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a soupy mix of plastics and microplastics, now twice the size of Texas, in the middle of the North Pacific Ocean. \u003ccite>(Ocean Voyage Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Start Near the Shore\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are no cost-effective fixes for the offshore trash problem. It’ll take time, money, political will and technologies that might not exist yet to collect all the microplastics from the vast, constantly moving ocean. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One ocean expert, Sherry Lippiatt with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Marine Debris Program, offers an idea of how to get our heads around this. “If you walk into a bathroom and the toilet is overflowing, would you grab a mop or turn off the water at the source?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To approach this problem at its source, her program makes it a priority to remove debris near the ocean shore.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NOAA has funded a volunteer-based beach cleanup that’s cleared over two tons of debris and lost fishing gear from the Channel Islands. It’s also paying for Surfrider San Francisco’s Hold on to Your Butt program aimed at changing smokers’ habits on and around beaches. On Aug. 15, NOAA announced $2.7 million in grants for onshore marine debris removal and research.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“It’s easier to collect a floating bottle in the harbor than it is – some number of years later – to try to pick up 5,000 pieces of broken bottles, distributed over hundreds of square kilometers in the middle of the ocean,” says the Sea Education Association’s Kara Lavender Law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[ad fullwidth]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Consumer Choice\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experts like her remind us that the enormity of the problem is no excuse for inaction. Consumers can choose to recycle, refill and reduce the amount of plastic we use and throw away. “The convenience lifestyle [of single use plastic] is not essential,” says Law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea is to learn from what people did decades before they relied on plastic. In the 1920s, Americans routinely refilled the glass and metal containers that held their milk and motor oil. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In an effort to reboot this idea, the recycling company\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/pages/closed-loop-solutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TerraCycle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has established a new shopping service called Loop.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“You can now access your favorite brands, from your Häagen-Dazs ice cream to Tide laundry detergent, in durable refillable packages,” said TerraCycle CEO Tom Szkay. Next year, his company plans to launch Loop reusable containers in California, Canada, Germany, Japan and Australia. He says he hopes people will endorse these products with their wallets and a commitment to reduce and eliminate plastic waste.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, plastic has made its way into \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic\">bodies of water many Californians treasure.\u003c/a> as well as into the bodies of creatures that include \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought\">human beings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are trying to play catch-up by introducing bills that would phase out the sale and distribution of plastics and require a minimum recycled content level in plastic bottles. Each of these bills passed the house that introduced them and await further consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Forty-seven years after researchers first observed it, the Patch remains a toxic soup created by consumers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Imagine a giant aquatic vortex between Hawaii and California where converging ocean currents stir a toxic soup of discarded fishing nets, bottles, ropes, toilet seats, toothbrushes, bottle caps, bags and microplastics smaller than your pinky nail.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It’s out there, and it has a name: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You could sail right through it without noticing you are in the midst of almost\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-22939-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 2 trillion\u003c/a> pieces of plastics churning between the surface and the bottom of the ocean. Most people can’t perceive how big it really is.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘It’s easier to collect a floating bottle in the harbor than it is – some number of years later – to try to pick up 5,000 pieces of broken bottles, distributed over hundreds of square kilometers in the middle of the ocean.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> “People picture a landfill or a dump floating out in the middle of the ocean. That is just not accurate,” says Kara Lavender Law of the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sea.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sea Education Association\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Think of it more as an accumulation of little things — a balloon, a red rubber flip-flop, a coffee can — far from where they belong. In 1972, the sight of these plastic objects in midocean surprised an observer enough that she wrote about it for the first time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elizabeth Venrick, a biologist at UC San Diego’s Scripps Institution of Oceanography, was aboard a research vessel that broke down in the Central North Pacific Ocean. “From this vantage point,” she wrote, “it was obvious that the sea surface is littered with a startling array of man-made objects, even 600 miles from the nearest major civilization (Hawaii) and outside the major shipping lanes.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Venrick’s log marked the first scientific record of the garbage accumulation in the Pacific Ocean. The journal \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> published a paper based on the researchers’ observations in 1973.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the time, Venrick and her colleagues dismissed the plastic as an aesthetic affront unlikely to enter the food chain and threaten human well-being. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But her article concluded with a warning and a reference to a nursery rhyme:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Unless we find adequate means of disposing of our plastic products soon,” she wrote, “we can anticipate that the ‘\u003ca href=\"https://poets.org/poem/wynken-blynken-and-nod\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wynken, Blynken and Nod’\u003c/a> of our children will set sail into a plastic sea, accompanied by all the ‘no-deposit, no-return’ products of our technology.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Almost 50 years later, researchers continue to study what Venrick saw, and some ambitious enterprises are trying to apply technological solutions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Desire to Clean\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://theoceancleanup.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Ocean Cleanup\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a Netherlands-based nonprofit, has promised that its technology would remove half of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in just five years. From a list of donors that included Silicon Valley billionaires Peter Thiel and Marc Benioff, the organization raised $40 million.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Last year, it launched a giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11691328/massive-barrier-sets-out-from-san-francisco-to-collect-the-pacific-oceans-plastic-trash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U-shaped barrier\u003c/a> on the San Francisco Bay. The structure is supposed to function like a coastline that collects plastic from the Pacific Ocean. In a couple of months, a 59-foot end-section fell off and the system \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11716204/an-engineering-wunderkinds-ocean-plastics-cleanup-device-hits-a-setback\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">returned\u003c/a> to land for repairs. The organization relaunched it in June.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">International media have been paying attention to cleanup efforts. and to the growing realization that ocean plastics are an ugly, harmful and potentially toxic pollution problem for marine wildlife, one that’s expensive, and maybe impossible, to solve. Some environmentalists wonder if it’s even possible to clean up the Great Pacific Patch.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“The goal isn’t to get everything,” explained Mary Crowley, founder and director of the Sausalito-based\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.oceanvoyagesinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ocean Voyages Institute\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. “I think that is an unrealistic goal. But I think we can help make the ocean a healthier habitat for all the life within it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earlier this year, with the help of satellite-based GPS trackers, the Institute extracted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944183/pacific-plastic-purge-attempt-serves-as-a-reminder-of-the-daunting-task-ahead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">40 tons\u003c/a> of “ghost” fishing nets and other plastics from the North Pacific garbage patch. The expedition’s haul accounted for less than 0.1% of the abandoned nets scientists believe are still in the Pacific.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1944194\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/0027-Net-3._DSC1046-1-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The crew of the Greenpeace ship MY Arctic Sunrise voyage into the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, documenting plastics and other marine debris. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a soupy mix of plastics and microplastics, now twice the size of Texas, in the middle of the North Pacific Ocean. \u003ccite>(Ocean Voyage Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Start Near the Shore\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are no cost-effective fixes for the offshore trash problem. It’ll take time, money, political will and technologies that might not exist yet to collect all the microplastics from the vast, constantly moving ocean. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One ocean expert, Sherry Lippiatt with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Marine Debris Program, offers an idea of how to get our heads around this. “If you walk into a bathroom and the toilet is overflowing, would you grab a mop or turn off the water at the source?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To approach this problem at its source, her program makes it a priority to remove debris near the ocean shore.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NOAA has funded a volunteer-based beach cleanup that’s cleared over two tons of debris and lost fishing gear from the Channel Islands. It’s also paying for Surfrider San Francisco’s Hold on to Your Butt program aimed at changing smokers’ habits on and around beaches. On Aug. 15, NOAA announced $2.7 million in grants for onshore marine debris removal and research.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“It’s easier to collect a floating bottle in the harbor than it is – some number of years later – to try to pick up 5,000 pieces of broken bottles, distributed over hundreds of square kilometers in the middle of the ocean,” says the Sea Education Association’s Kara Lavender Law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Consumer Choice\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Experts like her remind us that the enormity of the problem is no excuse for inaction. Consumers can choose to recycle, refill and reduce the amount of plastic we use and throw away. “The convenience lifestyle [of single use plastic] is not essential,” says Law.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea is to learn from what people did decades before they relied on plastic. In the 1920s, Americans routinely refilled the glass and metal containers that held their milk and motor oil. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In an effort to reboot this idea, the recycling company\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.terracycle.com/en-US/pages/closed-loop-solutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TerraCycle\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has established a new shopping service called Loop.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“You can now access your favorite brands, from your Häagen-Dazs ice cream to Tide laundry detergent, in durable refillable packages,” said TerraCycle CEO Tom Szkay. Next year, his company plans to launch Loop reusable containers in California, Canada, Germany, Japan and Australia. He says he hopes people will endorse these products with their wallets and a commitment to reduce and eliminate plastic waste.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, plastic has made its way into \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943007/the-new-pollution-monterey-bay-is-swimming-in-microplastic\">bodies of water many Californians treasure.\u003c/a> as well as into the bodies of creatures that include \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943187/there-may-be-way-more-plastic-in-your-diet-than-you-thought\">human beings\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are trying to play catch-up by introducing bills that would phase out the sale and distribution of plastics and require a minimum recycled content level in plastic bottles. Each of these bills passed the house that introduced them and await further consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Start September With Science — Our Recommended Reads",
"headTitle": "Start September With Science — Our Recommended Reads | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As the sand trickles through summer’s hourglass, Labor Day weekend offers one more opportunity this season to spend a few leisurely hours with a book. Here are a few favorites from the KQED Science and Environment team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780140178241\">Cadillac Desert: The American West and its Disappearing Water\u003c/a> By Marc Reisner\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of California’s cities — San Jose, Los Angeles, Fresno — receive an average of 15 inches of rain a year. That’s the same amount as Casablanca, Morocco. Yet in this arid landscape, California built the world’s fifth-largest economy, home to 40 million people, with America’s largest farming industry, Silicon Valley and Hollywood. All of it exists only because of a massively complex system of dams, canals and water systems that made the desert bloom and also killed spectacular rivers and reshaped nature. “Water flows uphill toward money,” Marc Reisner wrote in this landmark work explaining the history, the bounty and the corruption of the West’s water. Reisner, a Marin County resident who died of cancer in 2000, wrote the book mostly on yellow legal pads at coffee shops. It’s essential reading for anyone who wants to truly understand California’s oldest and most intractable environmental issue. — \u003cem>Paul Rogers, KQED Science managing editor and environment writer, Mercury News\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780812994711\">Cloud Atlas\u003c/a> By David Mitchell\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I personally love an apocalyptic climate story. But because so many of them only see one way to go — down, dark, and depressing — many people I know \u003cem>don’t\u003c/em>. That’s why I love to tell them to read Cloud Atlas. Its dazzling structure includes six nested stories-within-stories, each from a different genre. The whole novel takes in different lengths of time: the span of a relationship, or a human life, of a country or a civilization, of the planet itself. By the end of the last story, almost the entire planet is uninhabitable, and that’s what makes it a novel concerned with environmental damage and changing climate. What I take away from it is a feeling of possibility: that even if violence, greed, and barbarism are always present, our ability to reject those things is, continually, renewed. — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781101947883\">Exhalation\u003c/a> By Ted Chiang\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do humans have free will? How can we, if we are just a collection of atoms? If we are subject to the forces of nature, not one of them? In his second collection of stories, Ted Chiang, giant of science fiction, isn’t interested in answering the question about will. Like some physicists and \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/finding-free-will/\">determinists\u003c/a>, he assumes that humans can’t choose. His characters set out to live within this constraint and still experience joy, curiosity, love, and – of course – science. (David Kestenbaum attempted something similar in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/662/where-there-is-a-will/act-two-7\">terrific\u003c/a> episode of \u003cem>This American Life). \u003c/em>Here, you’ll find time portals, robots, supercomputers, and wonderfully rendered characters – a terrific follow to his first collection, which included the seed story for the movie “Arrival.” Reading this volume allows you to, as one of his narrators puts it: “contemplate the marvel that is existence, and rejoice that you are able to do so.” — \u003cem>Kevin Stark, digital producer\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781101873724\">Lab Girl \u003c/a> By Hope Jahren\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while there were a lot of science books — biographies and memoirs — with the word “girl” in the title and I wouldn’t read them. But this paleobiologist’s account hooked me and made me laugh out loud. She weaves together chapters about the life cycle of trees and plants with her own self-discovery as a scientist — a woman scientist, and a colleague to what New Orleanians would call her “running partner,” Bill. In one review of Lab Girl, the Washington Post wrote, “It’s hard to tell the truth about another person in their presence.” That’s the essence of the best stories, and Jahren accomplishes it. (Relatedly, she also wrote the best obituary I’ve read of the poet W.S. Merwin, and it’s all in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/opinion/w-s-merwin-poet-trees.html\">the last five sentences\u003c/a> of her visit with him.) — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780306825507\">Poached: Inside the Dark World of Wildlife Poaching\u003c/a> By Rachel Nuwer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This book reads like an adventure story that brings you along on a journey into the illegal wildlife trade. You accompany the author as she joins a Vietnamese hunter setting traps in the jungle. You visit shops selling illegal ivory and pangolin scales. You observe a remote outpost rumored to be a center of black market trade. It’s an engrossing read that paints a nuanced view of the forces driving the global supply chain of illegal wildlife products — from hunter to consumer. (Disclaimer: The author is a personal friend. You should still read her book.) — \u003cem>Danielle Venton, editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/search/book?keys=Rising+Elizabeth+Rush\">Rising: Dispatches from the New American Shore\u003c/a> By Elizabeth Rush\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of sea level rise draws you in. The luminous writing keeps you reading this book-length sorrow song about climate crisis and the species at risk — including ours. The author applies her naturalist’s eye and humanist’s empathy to the stories of people who’d expected to spend their lives in by the water — not manicured resorts with golf courses, but gritty outposts where they’d hoped to fish as their grandparents did, operate small businesses and break bread with longtime neighbors. Her survey sweeps the continent, from places trying to recover from Hurricane Sandy to those sinking into the Gulf of Mexico and skirting the old Leslie Salt flats south of San Francisco.\u003cem> — Cheryl Devall, on-call editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781501144325\">Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams\u003c/a> By Matthew Walker\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The] silent sleep loss epidemic is the greatest public health challenge we face in the twenty-first century in developed nations.” Neuroscientist Matthew Walker’s argument doesn’t quite convince me. But after more than a decade after wrecking my circadian rhythm with night shift work at NPR, I appreciate his attempt to persuade us. We’re still far from full understanding the functions of sleep but in a fascinating way he explains how REM and non-REM sleep shapes and cements memory. My sleep hygiene is abominable, yet I know this: don’t read this book in bed. Read it at the beach or the lake, and maybe you can use what’s in it to make a resolution. — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the sand trickles through summer’s hourglass, Labor Day weekend offers one more opportunity this season to spend a few leisurely hours with a book. Here are a few favorites from the KQED Science and Environment team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780140178241\">Cadillac Desert: The American West and its Disappearing Water\u003c/a> By Marc Reisner\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of California’s cities — San Jose, Los Angeles, Fresno — receive an average of 15 inches of rain a year. That’s the same amount as Casablanca, Morocco. Yet in this arid landscape, California built the world’s fifth-largest economy, home to 40 million people, with America’s largest farming industry, Silicon Valley and Hollywood. All of it exists only because of a massively complex system of dams, canals and water systems that made the desert bloom and also killed spectacular rivers and reshaped nature. “Water flows uphill toward money,” Marc Reisner wrote in this landmark work explaining the history, the bounty and the corruption of the West’s water. Reisner, a Marin County resident who died of cancer in 2000, wrote the book mostly on yellow legal pads at coffee shops. It’s essential reading for anyone who wants to truly understand California’s oldest and most intractable environmental issue. — \u003cem>Paul Rogers, KQED Science managing editor and environment writer, Mercury News\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780812994711\">Cloud Atlas\u003c/a> By David Mitchell\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I personally love an apocalyptic climate story. But because so many of them only see one way to go — down, dark, and depressing — many people I know \u003cem>don’t\u003c/em>. That’s why I love to tell them to read Cloud Atlas. Its dazzling structure includes six nested stories-within-stories, each from a different genre. The whole novel takes in different lengths of time: the span of a relationship, or a human life, of a country or a civilization, of the planet itself. By the end of the last story, almost the entire planet is uninhabitable, and that’s what makes it a novel concerned with environmental damage and changing climate. What I take away from it is a feeling of possibility: that even if violence, greed, and barbarism are always present, our ability to reject those things is, continually, renewed. — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781101947883\">Exhalation\u003c/a> By Ted Chiang\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do humans have free will? How can we, if we are just a collection of atoms? If we are subject to the forces of nature, not one of them? In his second collection of stories, Ted Chiang, giant of science fiction, isn’t interested in answering the question about will. Like some physicists and \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/finding-free-will/\">determinists\u003c/a>, he assumes that humans can’t choose. His characters set out to live within this constraint and still experience joy, curiosity, love, and – of course – science. (David Kestenbaum attempted something similar in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thisamericanlife.org/662/where-there-is-a-will/act-two-7\">terrific\u003c/a> episode of \u003cem>This American Life). \u003c/em>Here, you’ll find time portals, robots, supercomputers, and wonderfully rendered characters – a terrific follow to his first collection, which included the seed story for the movie “Arrival.” Reading this volume allows you to, as one of his narrators puts it: “contemplate the marvel that is existence, and rejoice that you are able to do so.” — \u003cem>Kevin Stark, digital producer\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781101873724\">Lab Girl \u003c/a> By Hope Jahren\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while there were a lot of science books — biographies and memoirs — with the word “girl” in the title and I wouldn’t read them. But this paleobiologist’s account hooked me and made me laugh out loud. She weaves together chapters about the life cycle of trees and plants with her own self-discovery as a scientist — a woman scientist, and a colleague to what New Orleanians would call her “running partner,” Bill. In one review of Lab Girl, the Washington Post wrote, “It’s hard to tell the truth about another person in their presence.” That’s the essence of the best stories, and Jahren accomplishes it. (Relatedly, she also wrote the best obituary I’ve read of the poet W.S. Merwin, and it’s all in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/19/opinion/w-s-merwin-poet-trees.html\">the last five sentences\u003c/a> of her visit with him.) — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9780306825507\">Poached: Inside the Dark World of Wildlife Poaching\u003c/a> By Rachel Nuwer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This book reads like an adventure story that brings you along on a journey into the illegal wildlife trade. You accompany the author as she joins a Vietnamese hunter setting traps in the jungle. You visit shops selling illegal ivory and pangolin scales. You observe a remote outpost rumored to be a center of black market trade. It’s an engrossing read that paints a nuanced view of the forces driving the global supply chain of illegal wildlife products — from hunter to consumer. (Disclaimer: The author is a personal friend. You should still read her book.) — \u003cem>Danielle Venton, editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/search/book?keys=Rising+Elizabeth+Rush\">Rising: Dispatches from the New American Shore\u003c/a> By Elizabeth Rush\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science of sea level rise draws you in. The luminous writing keeps you reading this book-length sorrow song about climate crisis and the species at risk — including ours. The author applies her naturalist’s eye and humanist’s empathy to the stories of people who’d expected to spend their lives in by the water — not manicured resorts with golf courses, but gritty outposts where they’d hoped to fish as their grandparents did, operate small businesses and break bread with longtime neighbors. Her survey sweeps the continent, from places trying to recover from Hurricane Sandy to those sinking into the Gulf of Mexico and skirting the old Leslie Salt flats south of San Francisco.\u003cem> — Cheryl Devall, on-call editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.indiebound.org/book/9781501144325\">Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams\u003c/a> By Matthew Walker\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The] silent sleep loss epidemic is the greatest public health challenge we face in the twenty-first century in developed nations.” Neuroscientist Matthew Walker’s argument doesn’t quite convince me. But after more than a decade after wrecking my circadian rhythm with night shift work at NPR, I appreciate his attempt to persuade us. We’re still far from full understanding the functions of sleep but in a fascinating way he explains how REM and non-REM sleep shapes and cements memory. My sleep hygiene is abominable, yet I know this: don’t read this book in bed. Read it at the beach or the lake, and maybe you can use what’s in it to make a resolution. — \u003cem>Molly Peterson, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "This Saturday Is Free Fishing Day Throughout California",
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"content": "\u003cp>Slather on the sunscreen, line up some some bait, and bring your tackle box – Saturday, August 31st is Free Fishing Day across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You won’t need a sport-fishing license to cast a line that day at dozens of lakes, reservoirs and creeks throughout the state. The Department of Fish and Wildlife waives the usual fees – $16.20 for a day, $49.94 for annual licenses – two days a year. July 4th is the other, so this’ll be your last chance in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a free-for-all, you can’t just go fish for anything and however many you want anywhere,” says Jennifer Benedet with the department. People will have to obey the same rules that apply the rest of the year. You can read up on those regulations online at \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov\">wildlife.ca.gov\u003c/a> . The site also includes a Fishing Guide to the best spots to try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New anglers can join \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Fishing-in-the-City\">Fishing in the City\u003c/a>, a program that offers free fishing clinics in Sacramento, the San Francisco Bay Area, the South Bay, Los Angeles, and other urban areas. Participants can reel in their catch and learn how to prepare it for dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re hooked after your first fishing expedition, you can join the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Fishing/Passport\">California Fishing Passport\u003c/a>. That interactive program challenges you to fish 150 different species in the state’s waters. It even awards a certificate for catching your very first fish!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Slather on the sunscreen, line up some some bait, and bring your tackle box – Saturday, August 31st is Free Fishing Day across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You won’t need a sport-fishing license to cast a line that day at dozens of lakes, reservoirs and creeks throughout the state. The Department of Fish and Wildlife waives the usual fees – $16.20 for a day, $49.94 for annual licenses – two days a year. July 4th is the other, so this’ll be your last chance in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a free-for-all, you can’t just go fish for anything and however many you want anywhere,” says Jennifer Benedet with the department. People will have to obey the same rules that apply the rest of the year. You can read up on those regulations online at \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov\">wildlife.ca.gov\u003c/a> . The site also includes a Fishing Guide to the best spots to try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New anglers can join \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Fishing-in-the-City\">Fishing in the City\u003c/a>, a program that offers free fishing clinics in Sacramento, the San Francisco Bay Area, the South Bay, Los Angeles, and other urban areas. Participants can reel in their catch and learn how to prepare it for dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re hooked after your first fishing expedition, you can join the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Fishing/Passport\">California Fishing Passport\u003c/a>. That interactive program challenges you to fish 150 different species in the state’s waters. It even awards a certificate for catching your very first fish!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Jumbo Squid Are Missing From Monterey Bay. Will They Ever Return?",
"headTitle": "Jumbo Squid Are Missing From Monterey Bay. Will They Ever Return? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Jumbo squid live up to their name. They can grow up to six feet long and can weigh 100 pounds. They’re deep red, muscular, and just plain mean. Mexican fisherman call them \u003cem>diablo rojo\u003c/em> — red devil — because they eat each other and anything they can. When the squid invaded Monterey Bay in 2002, they devoured over 50 kinds of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After eight years of feasting, the jumbo squid suddenly \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/09/what-happened-to-the-humboldt-squid-2/\">disappeared\u003c/a>; they haven’t come back to Monterey. With the proper bait and skill, jumbo squid are usually so voraciously hungry that, although they live deep in the ocean, they’re not hard for humans to catch. But when researchers asked fishermen along the coast, from Southern California to Washington State, no one had seen the squid. Now, scientists might finally have an explanation for their mysterious disappearance — and it could affect your local seafood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Squid Detective\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the life of the jumbo squid is a mystery, then the lead detective on its trail is \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/jumbo-squid-have-left/\">Bill Gilly\u003c/a>. He’s spent 20 years studying the jumbo squid with funding, and another decade before that learning about them while fishing, all while teaching biology at Stanford. “They’re just an amazing species,” he says. “They never cease to amaze me at how adaptable they are, and how resilient they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946173\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946173\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Gilly wrestles with a large Humboldt squid. \u003ccite>(Bill Gilly/Hopkins Marine Station)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From his laboratory at the Hopkins Marine Station to his \u003ca href=\"https://gillylab.stanford.edu/squids-4-kids\">Squids4Kids\u003c/a> program that supplies frozen squid and dissection tools to schools, Gilly dedicates most of his waking hours to the animal. He once gave a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPmxYOL78KE\">TEDx Talk\u003c/a> on the jumbo squid to a packed audience. This dedication has earned him the respect of ecologists like Bruce Robison, who also studies deep-sea animals at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He uses his considerable intellect,” Robison says, to “interpret behavior of animals that most of us would throw up our hands at.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people throw up their hands over the jumbo squid. From up and down the coast, people send Gilly photos of squid they think might qualify as jumbo. Each year, he says, about eight documentary film crews phone him, hoping to find shoals of the jumbo squid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Squid Wreak Havoc\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, jumbo squid, also known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQKs1-fwTgU\">Humboldt squid\u003c/a>, lived off coastal Chile, Peru and Mexico. Sporadically they migrated farther north. Since the 1930s, people have reported sightings off the coast of California, but no one in Monterey Bay really paid them much attention until 2002, when so many showed up, Gilly says, people freaked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven hundred miles south, where the squid normally lived in the Gulf of California, they ate three species of fish. Amid the bounty of Monterey Bay, they began eating 50. Salmon fishermen complained that the squid ate all their catch, along with sardines, flatfish, rockfish, and market squid. For the next eight years, the squid migrated to Monterey Bay in the fall and winter, sampled its all-you-can-eat buffet, and returned south in the spring. Starting in 2010, they never came back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946167\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946167 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364967798_43962e7c89_z.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364967798_43962e7c89_z.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364967798_43962e7c89_z-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Gilly attaches a GPS satellite tag to a Humboldt squid. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The year the squid vanished from Monterey Bay, Gilly and his biology students were looking for them in the Gulf of California, where the squid had been part of a robust export trade with Asia. When he’d visited less than a year before, the squid were the same massive predators he’d always seen. But when he returned with his students, all the squid he could find were just ten inches long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The students actually, as part of their projects for that course, realized it was an El Niño year,” he remembers. “That’s where we originally discovered that these squid change their size at maturity in response to El Niño.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only after Timothy Frawley, one of Gilly’s graduate students, visited the Gulf of California and saw the full extent of the fishery there did the team have enough information to begin solving the mystery of what set off that change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Fishery Collapses\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frawley first visited Santa Rosalía, a fishing town off the Gulf of California, in 2014. He immediately noticed the sheer scale of the squid fishery there. The bay was jammed with pangas, small fiberglass boats fishermen used to catch jumbo squid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946170\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 422px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946170 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/pastedImage-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"422\" height=\"316\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/pastedImage-2.png 422w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/pastedImage-2-160x120.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Rosalía fishery in 2016, after its collapse. \u003ccite>(Tim Frawley/Stanford)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Frawley recalls that the bay looked so full of pangas, you could almost walk across boats from one end of the bay to the other without touching the water. As the sun set, the pangas would leave the bay for deeper waters and jumbo squid, about three feet long and deep red, would rise from the ocean depths toward the surface of the water. After dusk, fishermen would suspend lightbulbs from their boats to attract the squid, illuminating the area with bobbing lights as their catch thrashed below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, Frawley found out that the mass of pangas jamming the bay in 2014 was down to 250 from nearly 1500 in 2008. Today, there are only 30. The jumbo squid have vanished, he says, and the fishery has not recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tiny Jumbo Squid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of the fishery had long been tied to \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/el-ni%C3%B1o-and-la-ni%C3%B1a-frequently-asked-questions\">El Niño\u003c/a>, the warming of the equatorial Pacific Ocean that occurs every three to seven years. Usually, cooler conditions known as La Niña follow. After the 1997-1998 El Niño, for instance, the squid \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/news/2007/070723/full/070723-2.html\">disappeared\u003c/a> from the Gulf of California but turned up off the central California, where waters were cooler. They’ve even been sighted among icebergs in Alaska. In the years immediately after that, the squid reappeared in the Gulf of California and disappeared farther north, as Monterey Bay fishermen noticed in the early 2000s. The 2009-2010 El Niño seems to have sent them away from the Gulf for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frawley and Gilly began collecting oceanographic data and reports from fisheries, as well as squid length measurements from studies published between 1996 and 2007. Through 2017, the two researchers began catching squid and taking measurements from over 1000 squid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/07/190718085314.htm\">recorded\u003c/a> some striking trends. As Gilly’s students had suspected in 2010, Frawley’s data showed that the squid changed their life cycles based on the cyclical water temperatures El Niño had triggered. The squid were getting much smaller. The average squid’s mantle — everything behind its head — now measures about eight inches compared with 31 inches decades ago. Squid weight scales exponentially with length, so fishermen would have to catch 100 tiny jumbo squid to yield the same mass as one full-sized jumbo squid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946267\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946267 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-800x557.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-768x535.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-1020x710.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-1200x836.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Gilly holds a large and small Humboldt squid. \u003ccite>(Bill Gilly/Hopkins Marine Station)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These incredible shrinking squid live further offshore. That makes fishing them less practical than when the full size squid inhabited the coastal environment near fishing boats. Catching one tiny squid can take twice as long as it would to catch a large one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of all that, Frawley says, the Santa Rosalía fishery didn’t stand a chance. He realizes now that what he saw on the bustling bay five years ago had been “the last gasp, the last hurrah.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In hindsight, he adds, “that wasn’t really evident to me until I looked at all the data and was able to put my personal observation into this bigger context.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sentinels of Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squid adapt quickly to climate conditions. They also have relatively short life cycles — just one or two years — so changes in the ocean affect squid sooner than, for example, tuna that live 10 years or more. Frawley says these factors make the jumbo squid a species to watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946150\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 266px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946150\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529-800x1203.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"266\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529-800x1203.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529-160x241.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529-768x1155.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529-798x1200.jpg 798w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529.jpg 851w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tentacles of the Humboldt squid. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and other scientists hesitate to link the disappearance of the jumbo squid directly to climate change. Frawley says the dramatic shift in average size may also have to do with a natural multi-decade warming cycle. No matter the cause, the mystery of the shrinking, disappearing and relocating squid suggests an unpredictable future. Bruce Robison, who also studies squid, says the study means humans should prepare for profound, unexpected changes in other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding is that communities of organisms… that have lived together and interacted for thousands of years, are being fragmented,” Robison says. As some species leave their traditional ecological niches, he adds, others may take their place, with consequences that we simply can’t predict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Gilly say it’s possible that jumbo squid may return to Monterey Bay. If the conditions in the Gulf of California improve, and the jumbo squid return to fisheries there, Gilly suggests the squid may migrate to Monterey Bay, where food is plentiful, and return to the Gulf to spawn. Or, he says, the squid might stay small until the ocean’s temperature heats up a few degrees. That would make Southern California an ideal spawning destination, Gilly says. From there, they could easily swim the 300 miles north to Monterey Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be astounding to me if they didn’t rediscover that,” Gilly says. “And I would guess that if they were really spawning in Southern California, they would even be more abundant and more problematic” — because they eat so much — “than they were before 2010.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, he eagerly awaits your squid photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientists went looking for the vanished jumbo squid and found them — but they were much smaller than expected.",
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"title": "Jumbo Squid Are Missing From Monterey Bay. Will They Ever Return? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jumbo squid live up to their name. They can grow up to six feet long and can weigh 100 pounds. They’re deep red, muscular, and just plain mean. Mexican fisherman call them \u003cem>diablo rojo\u003c/em> — red devil — because they eat each other and anything they can. When the squid invaded Monterey Bay in 2002, they devoured over 50 kinds of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After eight years of feasting, the jumbo squid suddenly \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/09/what-happened-to-the-humboldt-squid-2/\">disappeared\u003c/a>; they haven’t come back to Monterey. With the proper bait and skill, jumbo squid are usually so voraciously hungry that, although they live deep in the ocean, they’re not hard for humans to catch. But when researchers asked fishermen along the coast, from Southern California to Washington State, no one had seen the squid. Now, scientists might finally have an explanation for their mysterious disappearance — and it could affect your local seafood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Squid Detective\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the life of the jumbo squid is a mystery, then the lead detective on its trail is \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/jumbo-squid-have-left/\">Bill Gilly\u003c/a>. He’s spent 20 years studying the jumbo squid with funding, and another decade before that learning about them while fishing, all while teaching biology at Stanford. “They’re just an amazing species,” he says. “They never cease to amaze me at how adaptable they are, and how resilient they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946173\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946173\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/P1150385_dave.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Gilly wrestles with a large Humboldt squid. \u003ccite>(Bill Gilly/Hopkins Marine Station)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From his laboratory at the Hopkins Marine Station to his \u003ca href=\"https://gillylab.stanford.edu/squids-4-kids\">Squids4Kids\u003c/a> program that supplies frozen squid and dissection tools to schools, Gilly dedicates most of his waking hours to the animal. He once gave a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oPmxYOL78KE\">TEDx Talk\u003c/a> on the jumbo squid to a packed audience. This dedication has earned him the respect of ecologists like Bruce Robison, who also studies deep-sea animals at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He uses his considerable intellect,” Robison says, to “interpret behavior of animals that most of us would throw up our hands at.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people throw up their hands over the jumbo squid. From up and down the coast, people send Gilly photos of squid they think might qualify as jumbo. Each year, he says, about eight documentary film crews phone him, hoping to find shoals of the jumbo squid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Squid Wreak Havoc\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, jumbo squid, also known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQKs1-fwTgU\">Humboldt squid\u003c/a>, lived off coastal Chile, Peru and Mexico. Sporadically they migrated farther north. Since the 1930s, people have reported sightings off the coast of California, but no one in Monterey Bay really paid them much attention until 2002, when so many showed up, Gilly says, people freaked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven hundred miles south, where the squid normally lived in the Gulf of California, they ate three species of fish. Amid the bounty of Monterey Bay, they began eating 50. Salmon fishermen complained that the squid ate all their catch, along with sardines, flatfish, rockfish, and market squid. For the next eight years, the squid migrated to Monterey Bay in the fall and winter, sampled its all-you-can-eat buffet, and returned south in the spring. Starting in 2010, they never came back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946167\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946167 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364967798_43962e7c89_z.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364967798_43962e7c89_z.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364967798_43962e7c89_z-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Gilly attaches a GPS satellite tag to a Humboldt squid. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The year the squid vanished from Monterey Bay, Gilly and his biology students were looking for them in the Gulf of California, where the squid had been part of a robust export trade with Asia. When he’d visited less than a year before, the squid were the same massive predators he’d always seen. But when he returned with his students, all the squid he could find were just ten inches long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The students actually, as part of their projects for that course, realized it was an El Niño year,” he remembers. “That’s where we originally discovered that these squid change their size at maturity in response to El Niño.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only after Timothy Frawley, one of Gilly’s graduate students, visited the Gulf of California and saw the full extent of the fishery there did the team have enough information to begin solving the mystery of what set off that change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Fishery Collapses\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frawley first visited Santa Rosalía, a fishing town off the Gulf of California, in 2014. He immediately noticed the sheer scale of the squid fishery there. The bay was jammed with pangas, small fiberglass boats fishermen used to catch jumbo squid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946170\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 422px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946170 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/pastedImage-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"422\" height=\"316\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/pastedImage-2.png 422w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/pastedImage-2-160x120.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Rosalía fishery in 2016, after its collapse. \u003ccite>(Tim Frawley/Stanford)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Frawley recalls that the bay looked so full of pangas, you could almost walk across boats from one end of the bay to the other without touching the water. As the sun set, the pangas would leave the bay for deeper waters and jumbo squid, about three feet long and deep red, would rise from the ocean depths toward the surface of the water. After dusk, fishermen would suspend lightbulbs from their boats to attract the squid, illuminating the area with bobbing lights as their catch thrashed below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, Frawley found out that the mass of pangas jamming the bay in 2014 was down to 250 from nearly 1500 in 2008. Today, there are only 30. The jumbo squid have vanished, he says, and the fishery has not recovered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tiny Jumbo Squid\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of the fishery had long been tied to \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/el-ni%C3%B1o-and-la-ni%C3%B1a-frequently-asked-questions\">El Niño\u003c/a>, the warming of the equatorial Pacific Ocean that occurs every three to seven years. Usually, cooler conditions known as La Niña follow. After the 1997-1998 El Niño, for instance, the squid \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/news/2007/070723/full/070723-2.html\">disappeared\u003c/a> from the Gulf of California but turned up off the central California, where waters were cooler. They’ve even been sighted among icebergs in Alaska. In the years immediately after that, the squid reappeared in the Gulf of California and disappeared farther north, as Monterey Bay fishermen noticed in the early 2000s. The 2009-2010 El Niño seems to have sent them away from the Gulf for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frawley and Gilly began collecting oceanographic data and reports from fisheries, as well as squid length measurements from studies published between 1996 and 2007. Through 2017, the two researchers began catching squid and taking measurements from over 1000 squid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/07/190718085314.htm\">recorded\u003c/a> some striking trends. As Gilly’s students had suspected in 2010, Frawley’s data showed that the squid changed their life cycles based on the cyclical water temperatures El Niño had triggered. The squid were getting much smaller. The average squid’s mantle — everything behind its head — now measures about eight inches compared with 31 inches decades ago. Squid weight scales exponentially with length, so fishermen would have to catch 100 tiny jumbo squid to yield the same mass as one full-sized jumbo squid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946267\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946267 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-800x557.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-768x535.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-1020x710.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid-1200x836.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Squid.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Gilly holds a large and small Humboldt squid. \u003ccite>(Bill Gilly/Hopkins Marine Station)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These incredible shrinking squid live further offshore. That makes fishing them less practical than when the full size squid inhabited the coastal environment near fishing boats. Catching one tiny squid can take twice as long as it would to catch a large one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of all that, Frawley says, the Santa Rosalía fishery didn’t stand a chance. He realizes now that what he saw on the bustling bay five years ago had been “the last gasp, the last hurrah.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In hindsight, he adds, “that wasn’t really evident to me until I looked at all the data and was able to put my personal observation into this bigger context.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sentinels of Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squid adapt quickly to climate conditions. They also have relatively short life cycles — just one or two years — so changes in the ocean affect squid sooner than, for example, tuna that live 10 years or more. Frawley says these factors make the jumbo squid a species to watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946150\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 266px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946150\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529-800x1203.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"266\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529-800x1203.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529-160x241.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529-768x1155.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529-798x1200.jpg 798w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/2364118429_b0ae864c97_o-e1565024787529.jpg 851w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 266px) 100vw, 266px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tentacles of the Humboldt squid. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and other scientists hesitate to link the disappearance of the jumbo squid directly to climate change. Frawley says the dramatic shift in average size may also have to do with a natural multi-decade warming cycle. No matter the cause, the mystery of the shrinking, disappearing and relocating squid suggests an unpredictable future. Bruce Robison, who also studies squid, says the study means humans should prepare for profound, unexpected changes in other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding is that communities of organisms… that have lived together and interacted for thousands of years, are being fragmented,” Robison says. As some species leave their traditional ecological niches, he adds, others may take their place, with consequences that we simply can’t predict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Gilly say it’s possible that jumbo squid may return to Monterey Bay. If the conditions in the Gulf of California improve, and the jumbo squid return to fisheries there, Gilly suggests the squid may migrate to Monterey Bay, where food is plentiful, and return to the Gulf to spawn. Or, he says, the squid might stay small until the ocean’s temperature heats up a few degrees. That would make Southern California an ideal spawning destination, Gilly says. From there, they could easily swim the 300 miles north to Monterey Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be astounding to me if they didn’t rediscover that,” Gilly says. “And I would guess that if they were really spawning in Southern California, they would even be more abundant and more problematic” — because they eat so much — “than they were before 2010.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, he eagerly awaits your squid photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "PHOTOS: Here Are Winning Photos From Cal Academy's New Show",
"headTitle": "PHOTOS: Here Are Winning Photos From Cal Academy’s New Show | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The winners of the California Academy of Sciences’ annual nature photography competition are available to see in an exhibit that opened today in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in its sixth year, the \u003ca class=\"offsite\" href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BigPicture: Natural World Photography Competition, \u003c/a>solicits pro and amateur photography from around the world. The hope is to elevate global images of nature, wildlife, and conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this year’s theme of “Pushing the Limits,” the exhibit highlights the edge of nature, and adventure through remote and intense landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhonda Rubinstein, the Academy’s creative director and founder of the competition, said that this year’s show is different from other years. She sees more personality in the creatures and demonstrations of unusual behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to “The Human Touch,” taken by James Gifford, who captured an orphaned gorilla embracing its human caretaker in Virunga National Park in Democratic Republic of the Congo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945719\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12_Gifford_The_Human_Touch-1-800x533.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">André Bauma, the head caretaker at the Senkwekwe Center for orphaned gorillas in Virunga National Park. \u003ccite>('The Human Touch' by James Gifford)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The show includes some ominous images like “Boneyard Waltz” (at the top of the story) by Daniel Dietrich, who photographed three polar bears, their white muzzles stained red with blood from a recent meal, walking past a dark pile of whale bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some photos show the beauty and wonder of world’s most distinct landscapes, like Chiara Salvadori’s “Clouds of Salt,” a picture of one of the world’s largest salt pans located in northwestern Argentina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945724\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-800x535.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-800x535.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-160x107.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-768x514.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1020x682.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1200x803.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1920x1284.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salar de Antofalla, Argentina \u003ccite>('Clouds of Salt' by Chiara Salvadori)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Photographer Audun Rikardsen nabbed this year’s grand prize with “Taking Center Stage,” a photo of Norway’s northern coastline from the perch of a black grouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945706\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945706\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Rikardsen_Black_Grouse-800x532.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of Norway’s northern coastline from the perch of a male black grouse. \u003ccite>('Taking Center Stage' by Audun Rikardsen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People can expect to see mind-blowing images,” Rubinstein said in her email. “Photographs that are not what you think they are, or maybe you can’t even imagine what it is. Photos taken up high from drones or up close with microscopes. Or just a paw’s length away from a brown bear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can view more of the winning photographs \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/2019-winners\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. The exhibit includes 50 photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographers representing 67 countries submitted more than 6,500 images, according to a museum release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BigPicture is chaired by California-based wildlife photographer \u003ca href=\"https://www.suzieszterhas.com/index\">Suzi Eszterhas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit, which is free with \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/hours-admission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">admission\u003c/a>, will be open from July 26 through October 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>These images originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/posts/sto/the-big-picture-2019\">bioGraphic\u003c/a>, an online magazine about science and sustainability and the official media sponsor for the California Academy of Sciences’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\">BigPicture: Natural World Photography Competition\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The winners of the California Academy of Sciences’ annual nature photography competition are available to see in an exhibit that opened today in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now in its sixth year, the \u003ca class=\"offsite\" href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BigPicture: Natural World Photography Competition, \u003c/a>solicits pro and amateur photography from around the world. The hope is to elevate global images of nature, wildlife, and conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this year’s theme of “Pushing the Limits,” the exhibit highlights the edge of nature, and adventure through remote and intense landscapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhonda Rubinstein, the Academy’s creative director and founder of the competition, said that this year’s show is different from other years. She sees more personality in the creatures and demonstrations of unusual behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to “The Human Touch,” taken by James Gifford, who captured an orphaned gorilla embracing its human caretaker in Virunga National Park in Democratic Republic of the Congo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945719\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945719\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/12_Gifford_The_Human_Touch-1-800x533.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">André Bauma, the head caretaker at the Senkwekwe Center for orphaned gorillas in Virunga National Park. \u003ccite>('The Human Touch' by James Gifford)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The show includes some ominous images like “Boneyard Waltz” (at the top of the story) by Daniel Dietrich, who photographed three polar bears, their white muzzles stained red with blood from a recent meal, walking past a dark pile of whale bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some photos show the beauty and wonder of world’s most distinct landscapes, like Chiara Salvadori’s “Clouds of Salt,” a picture of one of the world’s largest salt pans located in northwestern Argentina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945724\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-800x535.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-800x535.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-160x107.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-768x514.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1020x682.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1200x803.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt-1920x1284.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Salvadori_Clouds_of_Salt.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salar de Antofalla, Argentina \u003ccite>('Clouds of Salt' by Chiara Salvadori)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Photographer Audun Rikardsen nabbed this year’s grand prize with “Taking Center Stage,” a photo of Norway’s northern coastline from the perch of a black grouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945706\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945706\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/1_Rikardsen_Black_Grouse-800x532.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of Norway’s northern coastline from the perch of a male black grouse. \u003ccite>('Taking Center Stage' by Audun Rikardsen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People can expect to see mind-blowing images,” Rubinstein said in her email. “Photographs that are not what you think they are, or maybe you can’t even imagine what it is. Photos taken up high from drones or up close with microscopes. Or just a paw’s length away from a brown bear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can view more of the winning photographs \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/2019-winners\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. The exhibit includes 50 photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photographers representing 67 countries submitted more than 6,500 images, according to a museum release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BigPicture is chaired by California-based wildlife photographer \u003ca href=\"https://www.suzieszterhas.com/index\">Suzi Eszterhas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit, which is free with \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/hours-admission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">admission\u003c/a>, will be open from July 26 through October 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>These images originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.biographic.com/posts/sto/the-big-picture-2019\">bioGraphic\u003c/a>, an online magazine about science and sustainability and the official media sponsor for the California Academy of Sciences’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigpicturecompetition.org/\">BigPicture: Natural World Photography Competition\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Interview: Researcher on Bodega Bay Mussel Die-Off",
"headTitle": "Interview: Researcher on Bodega Bay Mussel Die-Off | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Jackie Sones knows the area around Bodega way really well. As a research coordinator with the Bodega Marine Reserve, she visits the shoreline nearly every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 18, she saw something she’d never seen before: hundreds or maybe thousands of dead mussels along the shores of Bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been working here for about 15 years,” she said. “We have seen mussel die-offs in small patches in the intertidal zone, but nothing like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>Researchers think the death of so many mussels in Bodega Bay was caused by a heat wave that hit the Bay Area June 8-11. According to a European satellite agency, temperatures last month worldwide were the hottest in June on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of warming waters on marine life has been widely studied, but researchers say it’s less common to see such organisms dying from hot coastal air, which is suspected in this case.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sones, who wrote about the mussel die-off on her \u003ca href=\"https://bodegahead.blogspot.com/2019/06/too-hot.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog\u003c/a>, spoke with KQED Host \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/minakim\">Mina Kim\u003c/a> on the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872002/researchers-june-heatwave-baked-local-mussels\">Forum\u003c/a>” radio program Wednesday. They were joined by Eric Simons, digital editor of Bay Nature magazine, who wrote that the June heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/2019/06/26/californias-early-june-heat-wave-cooked-coastal-mussels-in-place/\">cooked the mussels\u003c/a> in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of Sones’ and Simons’ answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Do you know when this happened?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jackie Sones:\u003c/strong> It’s likely that it was that June 9-11 period. The air temperatures were far above normal. It was over 20 or 25 degrees higher than normal for that time of year. We believe that that those higher temperatures, combined with mid-day low tides, contributed to the mortalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How is it that that air temperature, about 75 degrees or so, was able to affect these mussels so badly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eric Simons\u003c/strong>: It’s not really the air temperature; it’s the temperature of the rock, the surface they’re on. On a 75-degree day, the rock can be 100 degrees or 105 degrees and the mussels are trying to vent that hot air; they’re trying to to get rid of it, but the seabreeze we usually get was gone. They just sit and they cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Don’t mussels have a way of dealing with this? There are hotter months than June for the coast.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> We see quite warm air temperatures in late summer and early fall. However, the timing of the low tides is different [stranding them out of water]. And also there is some aspect to this that might be related to the shock of an extreme-heat day, where there’s nothing leading up to that and all of a sudden you just have a super-high temperature and the animals aren’t prepared for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Do we know the geographic extent of the die-off? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ES: \u003c/strong> There was a study going on for quite a while where they had sensors out in the mussel beds to track the temperatures up and down the West Coast. That study ran out of money two years ago. It’s fortunate even that that Jackie was out and noticed and saw this — it takes observers who are out and are paying attention and know what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How important are mussels to the marine ecosystem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> Mussels are amazing. They’re a very important foundation species. That’s similar to the trees in the forest, or kelp in a kelp forest, or corals for a coral reef. These animals provide a lot of habitat and shelter for many different animals. In the case of mussel beds, if you look at one particular site you might find over 300 different species living within the mussel bed. So they’re a critical species along the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Was the June heat wave a result of climate change? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>ES:\u003c/strong> It makes it more likely, certainly. You have this bad luck event, the low tide was during the middle of the day, when it was really hot outside and that that’s what baked them and killed them. These are animals that if this happened some other time when the low tide was at four in the morning it wouldn’t have been a problem. Climate change makes it more likely that you get heat waves earlier,\u003cem> \u003c/em>even in March and in April.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jackie Sones knows the area around Bodega way really well. As a research coordinator with the Bodega Marine Reserve, she visits the shoreline nearly every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 18, she saw something she’d never seen before: hundreds or maybe thousands of dead mussels along the shores of Bodega Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been working here for about 15 years,” she said. “We have seen mussel die-offs in small patches in the intertidal zone, but nothing like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>Researchers think the death of so many mussels in Bodega Bay was caused by a heat wave that hit the Bay Area June 8-11. According to a European satellite agency, temperatures last month worldwide were the hottest in June on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects of warming waters on marine life has been widely studied, but researchers say it’s less common to see such organisms dying from hot coastal air, which is suspected in this case.\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sones, who wrote about the mussel die-off on her \u003ca href=\"https://bodegahead.blogspot.com/2019/06/too-hot.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog\u003c/a>, spoke with KQED Host \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/minakim\">Mina Kim\u003c/a> on the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872002/researchers-june-heatwave-baked-local-mussels\">Forum\u003c/a>” radio program Wednesday. They were joined by Eric Simons, digital editor of Bay Nature magazine, who wrote that the June heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/2019/06/26/californias-early-june-heat-wave-cooked-coastal-mussels-in-place/\">cooked the mussels\u003c/a> in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are excerpts of Sones’ and Simons’ answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Do you know when this happened?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jackie Sones:\u003c/strong> It’s likely that it was that June 9-11 period. The air temperatures were far above normal. It was over 20 or 25 degrees higher than normal for that time of year. We believe that that those higher temperatures, combined with mid-day low tides, contributed to the mortalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How is it that that air temperature, about 75 degrees or so, was able to affect these mussels so badly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eric Simons\u003c/strong>: It’s not really the air temperature; it’s the temperature of the rock, the surface they’re on. On a 75-degree day, the rock can be 100 degrees or 105 degrees and the mussels are trying to vent that hot air; they’re trying to to get rid of it, but the seabreeze we usually get was gone. They just sit and they cook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Don’t mussels have a way of dealing with this? There are hotter months than June for the coast.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> We see quite warm air temperatures in late summer and early fall. However, the timing of the low tides is different [stranding them out of water]. And also there is some aspect to this that might be related to the shock of an extreme-heat day, where there’s nothing leading up to that and all of a sudden you just have a super-high temperature and the animals aren’t prepared for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Do we know the geographic extent of the die-off? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ES: \u003c/strong> There was a study going on for quite a while where they had sensors out in the mussel beds to track the temperatures up and down the West Coast. That study ran out of money two years ago. It’s fortunate even that that Jackie was out and noticed and saw this — it takes observers who are out and are paying attention and know what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>How important are mussels to the marine ecosystem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>JS:\u003c/strong> Mussels are amazing. They’re a very important foundation species. That’s similar to the trees in the forest, or kelp in a kelp forest, or corals for a coral reef. These animals provide a lot of habitat and shelter for many different animals. In the case of mussel beds, if you look at one particular site you might find over 300 different species living within the mussel bed. So they’re a critical species along the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Was the June heat wave a result of climate change? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cstrong>ES:\u003c/strong> It makes it more likely, certainly. You have this bad luck event, the low tide was during the middle of the day, when it was really hot outside and that that’s what baked them and killed them. These are animals that if this happened some other time when the low tide was at four in the morning it wouldn’t have been a problem. Climate change makes it more likely that you get heat waves earlier,\u003cem> \u003c/em>even in March and in April.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "18 GPS Garbage Trackers. One Lone Ship. 40 Tons Out of the Ocean. Proof of Concept",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.oceanvoyagesinstitute.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ocean Voyages Institute\u003c/a> has figured out how to pull 40 tons of “ghost” fishing nets and other plastic debris from the North Pacific Gyre. That’s a proof of concept that another cleanup effort, the multi-million dollar plastic boom, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/23/great-pacific-garbage-patch-floating-plastic-trap-deployed-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still struggling\u003c/a> to achieve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem is, there are now an estimated 78,660 tons to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have certainly seen monster ghost (abandoned) nets,” said Mary Crowley, founder and director of the institute, “but there is mile after mile of laundry detergent bottles, bleach bottles, cartons — if we don’t change our ways by 2050, we will have much more plastic in the ocean than fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Andy Sybrandy']‘If we can pull the stuff out (ocean plastics), it makes the problem recognizable .’[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the Sausalito-based nonprofit distributed 18 GPS satellite trackers to various vessels, including ships from Greenpeace and Sea Shepherd, as well as mariners crossing from California to Hawaii. Crews from all these ships attached the trackers to tangles of fishing nets they encountered, so that a Hawaiian-based cargo ship could later round up the refuse. The Institute reported on Friday that its 2019 Ocean Cleanup Expedition successfully used the GPS trackers to pull 40 tons, or 80,000 pounds of debris from the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each tracked net has a way of leading us to areas of higher density,” explained Crowley at a post-expedition media event. “One of our tracked nets led us to all sorts of small nets and one five-ton monster ghost net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tagged debris served to locate areas of dense plastic pollution. Once on site, ship members would use drone technology to survey the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can pull the stuff out, it makes the problem recognizable,” said Andy Sybrandy, president of \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificgyre.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Gyre \u003c/a>the company that provided the GPS trackers. “It teaches people not to get it in there in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this is thought to be the largest at-sea cleanup of the Pacific Ocean to date, there is an almost unimaginable amount of work left to be done. The volume collected by the expedition accounted for less than 0.1% of the nets estimated to be abandoned and lurking in the mid-ocean vortex known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Gyre\u003c/a>. In 2018, an article published in Nature Scientific Reports estimated that there are about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/22/596142560/the-trash-patch-in-the-pacific-is-many-times-bigger-than-we-thought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">79,000 tons\u003c/a> of plastic in the gyre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1914394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A juvenile humpback whale is shown entangled in fishing gear off Palos Verdes. \u003ccite>(Adam Fox/Marine Animal Rescue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The goal isn’t to get everything,” cautions Crowley. “I think that is an unrealistic goal. But I think we can help make the ocean a healthier habitat for all the life within it”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Institute’s haul comes just as federal officials released figures that underscore the growing problem of whales entangled in commercial fishing gear. According to NOAA Fisheries, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/whale-entanglements-remained-high-west-coast-2018-new-report-shows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">46 whales \u003c/a>were caught up off the West Coast in 2018, the latest year tallied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gruesome entanglements have become the scary new normal for West Coast whales,” said Kristen Monsell, a Center for Biological Diversity attorney, in response to the report. “These beautiful and highly endangered animals won’t survive the deadly gauntlet of fishing gear, ship strikes and climate change unless we find new ways to fish with fewer or no ropes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, California officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2019/fishery-entanglement-settlement-03-26-2018.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">struck a deal\u003c/a> with the Center for Biological Diversity and other conservation groups to step up efforts to reduce entanglements. Officials also agreed to shut down the\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/03/26/california-dungeness-crab-industry-to-stop-fishing-3-months-early-this-season-in-legal-settlement-to-slow-whale-turtle-entanglements/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California Dungeness Crab\u003c/a> fishing season three months early, to prevent whales from becoming entangled in fishing gear. Meanwhile, NOAA officials say they’re pursuing answers to why entanglements are up steadily since 2015. Prior to that, incidents averaged 10 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the Ocean Voyages Institute plans a longer, three-month expedition, with plans to deploy new techniques for fishing out consumer plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our plan is to greatly scale up our effort next year in the same area,” says Crowley. “This is our backyard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.oceanvoyagesinstitute.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ocean Voyages Institute\u003c/a> has figured out how to pull 40 tons of “ghost” fishing nets and other plastic debris from the North Pacific Gyre. That’s a proof of concept that another cleanup effort, the multi-million dollar plastic boom, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/23/great-pacific-garbage-patch-floating-plastic-trap-deployed-again\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still struggling\u003c/a> to achieve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem is, there are now an estimated 78,660 tons to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have certainly seen monster ghost (abandoned) nets,” said Mary Crowley, founder and director of the institute, “but there is mile after mile of laundry detergent bottles, bleach bottles, cartons — if we don’t change our ways by 2050, we will have much more plastic in the ocean than fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the Sausalito-based nonprofit distributed 18 GPS satellite trackers to various vessels, including ships from Greenpeace and Sea Shepherd, as well as mariners crossing from California to Hawaii. Crews from all these ships attached the trackers to tangles of fishing nets they encountered, so that a Hawaiian-based cargo ship could later round up the refuse. The Institute reported on Friday that its 2019 Ocean Cleanup Expedition successfully used the GPS trackers to pull 40 tons, or 80,000 pounds of debris from the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each tracked net has a way of leading us to areas of higher density,” explained Crowley at a post-expedition media event. “One of our tracked nets led us to all sorts of small nets and one five-ton monster ghost net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tagged debris served to locate areas of dense plastic pollution. Once on site, ship members would use drone technology to survey the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can pull the stuff out, it makes the problem recognizable,” said Andy Sybrandy, president of \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificgyre.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Gyre \u003c/a>the company that provided the GPS trackers. “It teaches people not to get it in there in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this is thought to be the largest at-sea cleanup of the Pacific Ocean to date, there is an almost unimaginable amount of work left to be done. The volume collected by the expedition accounted for less than 0.1% of the nets estimated to be abandoned and lurking in the mid-ocean vortex known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Gyre\u003c/a>. In 2018, an article published in Nature Scientific Reports estimated that there are about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/22/596142560/the-trash-patch-in-the-pacific-is-many-times-bigger-than-we-thought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">79,000 tons\u003c/a> of plastic in the gyre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1914394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/whale-entanglements-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A juvenile humpback whale is shown entangled in fishing gear off Palos Verdes. \u003ccite>(Adam Fox/Marine Animal Rescue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The goal isn’t to get everything,” cautions Crowley. “I think that is an unrealistic goal. But I think we can help make the ocean a healthier habitat for all the life within it”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Institute’s haul comes just as federal officials released figures that underscore the growing problem of whales entangled in commercial fishing gear. According to NOAA Fisheries, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/whale-entanglements-remained-high-west-coast-2018-new-report-shows\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">46 whales \u003c/a>were caught up off the West Coast in 2018, the latest year tallied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gruesome entanglements have become the scary new normal for West Coast whales,” said Kristen Monsell, a Center for Biological Diversity attorney, in response to the report. “These beautiful and highly endangered animals won’t survive the deadly gauntlet of fishing gear, ship strikes and climate change unless we find new ways to fish with fewer or no ropes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, California officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/news/press_releases/2019/fishery-entanglement-settlement-03-26-2018.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">struck a deal\u003c/a> with the Center for Biological Diversity and other conservation groups to step up efforts to reduce entanglements. Officials also agreed to shut down the\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/03/26/california-dungeness-crab-industry-to-stop-fishing-3-months-early-this-season-in-legal-settlement-to-slow-whale-turtle-entanglements/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California Dungeness Crab\u003c/a> fishing season three months early, to prevent whales from becoming entangled in fishing gear. Meanwhile, NOAA officials say they’re pursuing answers to why entanglements are up steadily since 2015. Prior to that, incidents averaged 10 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the Ocean Voyages Institute plans a longer, three-month expedition, with plans to deploy new techniques for fishing out consumer plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our plan is to greatly scale up our effort next year in the same area,” says Crowley. “This is our backyard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "NOAA is Livestreaming a Deep Sea Expedition and It's Pretty Amazing",
"headTitle": "NOAA is Livestreaming a Deep Sea Expedition and It’s Pretty Amazing | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fMsQ6u7Bo3g]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Underwater Creatures.' link1='https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/image-gallery/welcome.html,View a cache of deep sea still images from NOAA']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are probing the darkest depths of the ocean, thousands of feet below the surface, where natural light can’t penetrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the best part for us — they’re live streaming video each day from 5:30 am to 1:00 pm PT until July 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are trying to go to places in the ocean that nobody’s ever ever been, and study and explore them for the very first time,” said Alan Leonardi, director of NOAA’s Office of Ocean Exploration and Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The live images are streamed from Deep Discoverer, a remotely operated, underwater roving vehicle outfitted with LED lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9T5g40-PRvM]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rover is connected to the \u003ca href=\"https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/about.html\">Okeanos Explorer\u003c/a>, the only federal ship dedicated to exploring ocean depths for the “purpose of the discovery and the advancement of knowledge,” according to NOAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expedition, which is taking place \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/ne-hires-800x618.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">off the coast of Florida\u003c/a> east of Cape Canaveral, is one leg of NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex1903/welcome.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Windows to the Deep 2019 \u003c/a>mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are exploring the conditions about a half-mile underwater, looking for new species of coral, sponges, sea cucumbers, jellyfish and other sea creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s completely pitch black,” Leonardi said. “There’s no light that penetrates this level of the ocean. So, of course, these species that move around there have eyes that are adapted to look in the dark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5z6-EjR3Fw]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The information could be relevant for Californians, too. The rover is exploring areas where researchers have documented methane seeping from the ocean floor, which Leonardi said is a common occurrence off the West Coast of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we look at these deep environments, we know that there’s a lot of biological activity usually around these seeps,” Leonardi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the video is live-streamed, dozens of scientists from across the country are virtually participating in the expedition, communicating with NOAA’s team and each other through interactive chats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are probing the darkest depths of the ocean, thousands of feet below the surface, where natural light can’t penetrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the best part for us — they’re live streaming video each day from 5:30 am to 1:00 pm PT until July 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are trying to go to places in the ocean that nobody’s ever ever been, and study and explore them for the very first time,” said Alan Leonardi, director of NOAA’s Office of Ocean Exploration and Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The live images are streamed from Deep Discoverer, a remotely operated, underwater roving vehicle outfitted with LED lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9T5g40-PRvM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9T5g40-PRvM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rover is connected to the \u003ca href=\"https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/about.html\">Okeanos Explorer\u003c/a>, the only federal ship dedicated to exploring ocean depths for the “purpose of the discovery and the advancement of knowledge,” according to NOAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The expedition, which is taking place \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/06/ne-hires-800x618.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">off the coast of Florida\u003c/a> east of Cape Canaveral, is one leg of NOAA’s \u003ca href=\"https://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/okeanos/explorations/ex1903/welcome.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Windows to the Deep 2019 \u003c/a>mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are exploring the conditions about a half-mile underwater, looking for new species of coral, sponges, sea cucumbers, jellyfish and other sea creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s completely pitch black,” Leonardi said. “There’s no light that penetrates this level of the ocean. So, of course, these species that move around there have eyes that are adapted to look in the dark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/e5z6-EjR3Fw'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/e5z6-EjR3Fw'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The information could be relevant for Californians, too. The rover is exploring areas where researchers have documented methane seeping from the ocean floor, which Leonardi said is a common occurrence off the West Coast of the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we look at these deep environments, we know that there’s a lot of biological activity usually around these seeps,” Leonardi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the video is live-streamed, dozens of scientists from across the country are virtually participating in the expedition, communicating with NOAA’s team and each other through interactive chats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "The Best Health and Science Books to Dip Into This Summer",
"headTitle": "The Best Health and Science Books to Dip Into This Summer | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/span>he first day of summer has arrived, and so has STAT’s annual book list of great reads in health, science, and medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on for recommendations from CRISPR pioneer Jennifer Doudna and CDC Director Robert Redfield. Plus, STAT readers from Boston to Ireland to Australia share their picks, in addition to our staff. Enjoy!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Notable Figures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0805071806/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0805071806&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7bf123ab6184f5cac33d58beddbb56f6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Scientific Conversations: Interviews on Science from The New York Times”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Claudia Dreifus\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis is an awesome collection of 38 interviews, published originally in the Science Times section of the New York Times, that captures the wonder and excitement of scientific discovery. As an outstanding journalist and a relative outsider to science, Dreifus elicits from her subjects the passion, frustration, inspiration and, ultimately, the joy of doing science. Her writing reminds me of the work of John McPhee: deep and expansive with a sense of fun. A great read!\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jennifer Doudna, professor and HHMI Investigator, UC Berkeley; director, Innovative Genomics Institute of UC Berkeley/UCSF/Gladstone Institutes\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/006122796X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=006122796X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7cfcc6b0801cc1e4c567331d7f105411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Vaccinated: One Man’s Quest to Defeat the World’s Deadliest Diseases”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Paul A. Offit\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nPhysicians, parents, and public health professionals seeking credible, timely information about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines will find those answers in Dr. Offit’s “Vaccinated.” He writes a compelling narrative, sharing the underlying science and historical context behind the vaccine regimen recommended today. This fact-based retrospective dispels myths and underscores the importance of immunization for children and adults alike. Readers will have a better understanding of the science-based reasoning to embrace vaccination for themselves, their families, and their communities.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Robert R. Redfield, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520229134/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0520229134&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=f6872536969b6885c29cba642778c5ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Paul Farmer\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis book highlights so well the very inception of the Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute itself and our mission to develop treatments and preventive agents for diseases burdening the world’s poorest people. Tenderly, Farmer tells the stories of those who suffer, offering their complex circumstances in the face of overwhelming data. The Partners in Health co-founder challenges those determined to care for the most vulnerable to challenge the status quo. Although written 20 years ago, the stories ring truer than ever. Inequities in health have only become magnified and are now manifest in our own backyard. Although sobering, it is also inspiring and may make the reader leap to other resources such as “The Age of Living Machines” by Susan Hockfield, who posits that convergence across scientific disciplines led to the current technological capabilities. Can these not be leveraged with know-how and fortitude to meaningfully address inequities in health?\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Penny Heaton, CEO of the Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1845291557/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1845291557&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=424b9e11f98c4fb76b3a018ce157005a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“A Brief History of Medicine: from Hippocrates to Gene Therapy”\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>By Paul Strathern\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>Among the many histories of medicine, Paul Strathern’s narrative stands out for its lively prose and colorful portraits of figures who broke with dogma and proved new paradigms. Even the expert reader will find much that is novel and nuanced, not only in stories about prominent characters like Galen and Harvey, but less well known individuals like the Venerable Bede, an English monk who revived Greek and Roman knowledge during the Dark Ages, and Al-Razi, an Islamic scholar who challenged Aristotle’s prevailing notions with experimental data and showed that pediatric disorders need not be viewed as untreatable and hopeless. Each chapter offers a rich tableau depicting advances in medical thinking based on astute observation and rigorous induction. Strathern brilliantly succeeds in both educating and entertaining his reader, a perfect blend for a summer treat.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Jerome Groopman, New Yorker staff writer and author; Recanati Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0345804570/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0345804570&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=137ae7f66e5eee834172c881aa8f1b7a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin’s Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World—and Us”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Richard Prum\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWhether you agree with Prum or not, his case for renewed attention to Darwin’s theory of sexual selection — that considerations of beauty, and not just functional adaptation, shape evolution — is eye-opening. The book also reminds us that politics (in this case, 19th-century disapproval of Darwin’s views on female mate choice) can influence what we are taught about science. Even if you are skeptical, Prum will make you think twice about the natural world, and will definitely change how you look at ducks.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Ron Klain, President Obama’s Ebola czar during the West African outbreak\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0062338781/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0062338781&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=a08377a6dbaebf506ffcb6efb996c457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Bottle of Lies: The Inside Story of the Generic Drug Boom”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Katherine Eban\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>In her fierce and fearless book, “Bottle of Lies,” the investigative journalist Katherine Eban takes us on a journey through the loosely regulated and often corrupt manufacture of generic drugs. Weaving together the story of a terrified but determined whistleblower from India, shady drug producers from China, and a notably timid FDA, Eban’s compelling book should serve as cautionary tale and a wake-up call for consumers, manufacturers, and physicians — “should” being the operative word.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Deborah Blum, author of “The Poison Squad: One Chemist’s Single-Minded Crusade for Food Safety at the Turn of the Twentieth Century” and director of the Knight Science Journalism Program at MIT\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>STAT Readers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0735224153/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0735224153&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=e88ba9aa97ec231e13dcca5e20cbc7bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Michael Pollan\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWith cannabis medicine now getting the attention it deserves, Michael Pollan has done a tremendous job at digging into the history of psychedelic use, both recreationally and in therapy, together with his own observations as a new psychedelic experimenter at the age of 60. All in all, a comprehensive history of the topic, together with interviews from key psychedelic researchers, and a call for serious researchers to think twice about hasty judgments surrounding this interesting compound.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jon Calder, Belfast, Northern Ireland\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/006289627X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=006289627X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ea6fc765acd3cc5ad1ccd85342cb04ae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Bitten: The Secret History of Lyme Disease and Biological Weapons”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Kris Newby\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Bitten” is a riveting narrative that digs into the origins of the Lyme disease epidemic. It connects many dots with compelling evidence and page-turning storytelling that point to the likelihood that a bio-weaponized tick program gone awry could have contributed to the more virulent forms of tick-borne illnesses that have been wreaking havoc on unwitting people for the past five decades. Doctors are not well-trained on tick-borne illness, diagnostics are inadequate, and there are no career tracks in the field other than a few courageous pioneers. Biotech is largely on the sidelines. Yet millions of people are being disabled. Perhaps this book will help stir some action. After all, we all are just one bite away from a nightmare illness.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Nancy Dougherty, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0544114515/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0544114515&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=4f6ff933051d07a5d66bb8d7906db1a2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“How Dogs Love Us: A Neuroscientist and His Adopted Dog Decode the Canine Brain”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Gregory Berns\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFabulous book for anyone interested in the realities of research. Getting MRI data on dogs to confirm the similarities in where dogs and human brains respond to stimuli sounds like a good idea. Getting permission to get the dogs into the places where there are MRIs, getting the dogs used to the MRI, selecting real-life animals, and the implications for the experimental conclusions is very different from what usually shows up in methods and results.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Joanna Haas, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316418080/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0316418080&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ab87c536d62f16a84be8997dbe897c72\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Perfect Predator: A Scientist’s Race to Save Her Husband from a Deadly Superbug”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Steffanie Strathdee and Thomas Patterson\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>Riveting account of a scientist trying to save her husband through a combination of sheer will, determination, and cutting-edge science. It’s an amazing blend of mystery, thriller, and microbiology.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Mallory Johnson, Berkeley, Calif.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0671510576/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0671510576&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=cb77504e40e1a9467241ae7547ca194a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Billion Dollar Molecule: One Company’s Quest for the Perfect Drug”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Barry Werth\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Billion Dollar Molecule” is a thrilling story about the development of a now powerful pharmaceutical company, its revolutionary approach in structure-based drug development, and how closely it came to failing along the way. At a time when people doubt the justifications of pricing for pharmaceutical drugs, peeking at the risks involved in development and the arduous journeys of the scientists involved through this story could add nuance to the conversation.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eric Kishel, Buffalo, N.Y.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0190916834/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0190916834&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=4c465b27e88b48c0879f78555b17f6ef\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Well: What We Need to Talk About When We Talk About Health”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Sandro Galea\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Well” moves beyond talk of health disparities as simply numbers and statistics, dissecting the factors that influence health and well-being. This is an excellent read for health professionals or anyone interested in better understanding all the variables that impact our decisions and behaviors, like power, politics, and luck.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jamie Klufts, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0312430000/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0312430000&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=35421e550159f565498198501246b2c1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Atul Gawande\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nYears after reading it, the message and themes of this book still resonate with me. One for everyone involved in health.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eliza Metcalfe, Melbourne, Australia \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/154164414X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=154164414X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=9df8ac5f5bb7af175e206e2ce490fcfb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Rigor Mortis: How Sloppy Science Creates Worthless Cures, Crushes Hope, and Wastes Billions”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Richard Harris\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Rigor Mortis” delves into data reproducibility and scientific rigor in biomedical research. Using deft anecdotes and commentary, Harris explores how sociocultural forces and perverse incentives in funding mechanisms can conspire to create a dirge of confidence in the research process. Anyone interested in learning about how flawed science undermines medicine should pick up this book for a relatively quick and incisive read.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Kyle Penrod, Providence, R.I.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316051632/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0316051632&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=102a5090c27ba3b32e74ee3014fa30fc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Sam Kean\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis book is an entertaining and amazing look at the history of the periodic table and the discovery of the elements. Kean writes in a narrative fashion that gripped me from the very first page. This book is a must for lovers of science, history, and science history.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Katie Reeves, Augusta, Ga.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>STAT Reporters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1608192075/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1608192075&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7aa079684701270fecebca869fe0c79e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Methland: The Death and Life of an American Small Town”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Nick Reding\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe 2016 election sparked a national obsession with reporting from “flyover country” — a hasty attempt from the national media to remember the forgotten swathes of land between the coasts. But some of the resulting coverage was so full of caricatures it seemed like just another version of flying over. Stumbling across “Methland” in the public library provided a strong antidote to those datelines without depth. Nick Reding’s portraits of small-town Iowans who are cooking, using, or working against meth are so deeply reported that you feel as if you’ve met these people in the flesh. The details are striking — kids mixing “crank” in soda bottles as they tootle around on their bikes, a dealer investing in car selling and horse racing as fronts for her drug empire — but the book also has an impressive sweep: It chronicles rural economies overtaken by agricultural behemoths, towns left behind by everyone with the means to leave, and public health and existential crises ensnaring the people who remain.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eric Boodman, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1568585810/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1568585810&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=c7392af7e5427afc8fbd10e2f028fc99\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Ask Me About My Uterus: A Quest to Make Doctors Believe in Women’s Pain”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Abby Norman\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nAny woman whose pain has been dismissed as being “part of what it means to be a woman” will highly relate to this book. “Ask Me About My Uterus” is the story of Abby Norman, whose long and frustrating journey of finding out what was causing her excruciating pain, unexplainable weight loss, and a host of other symptoms meant she had to drop out of college her freshman year. Norman describes how relationships and hobbies all fell by the wayside as the constant pain kept her at home. Only after she got a job at a hospital and spent hours educating herself did Norman finally get a diagnosis of endometriosis. The book weaves together Norman’s own story as well as research and evidence to indicate how medicine continues to ignore women’s pain. I learned a lot of things, but how to be more assertive when I visit with a physician is at the top of the list!\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Shraddha Chakradhar, reporter and Morning Rounds writer\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07DP6MSJG/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B07DP6MSJG&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=169853d1a860b739e89a5805d07eee17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Good to Go: What the Athlete in All of us Can Learn From the Strange Science of Recovery”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Christie Aschwanden\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nLike many who live life with a daily dose of sweat, I’m always on the lookout for the best ways to recover from exercise and get myself back out the door. In her new book, science journalist and athlete Christie Aschwanden deftly unravels the complex web of science, pseudoscience, and downright bogus claims in the world of exercise recovery. She takes the reader into infrared saunas, ice baths, and float spas and tests techniques I’d never heard of (meditation headbands are a thing?) meant to help athletes bounce back from their hard efforts.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Brittany Flaherty, news intern\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0812997417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0812997417&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=3df4e39b8793e8725667e7c8b16161f3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Lake Success”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Gary Shteyngart\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Lake Success” is the story of Barry Cohen, a superlatively successful hedge fund manager whose enviable Manhattan life comes hideously unglued after he makes an ill-advised bet on what is clearly a stand-in for Valeant Pharmaceuticals. What ensues is a never sanguine, always empathetic, reliably funny portrait of a fabulously wealthy person who seems to have forgotten the concept of failure. It’s also a fascinating character study for those of us biotech schnooks who looked at alleged insider traders like Mathew Martoma and wondered how on earth they thought they’d get away with it all. Plus there’s fancy watches, generational angst, and a meditation on the creeping financialization of everything that promises to bring about a new Gilded Age. You know, beach stuff.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Damian Garde, national biotech reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1524732710/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1524732710&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=f0f49695f97eea1f87af0be2c561a5fe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Inheritance: A Memoir of Genealogy, Paternity, and Love”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Dani Shapiro\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWherever she speaks during her book tour for “Inheritance,” memoirist Dani Shapiro is approached by people who, like her, discovered through a DNA spit test that their biological father is not who they thought he was, and that their family history is a lot more twisted than they realized. Indeed, when I heard her in Boston, a man stood up during the Q&A and announced he’d learned he was the product of a sperm donor who turned out to be a fertility doctor who’d fathered dozens of children. Shapiro’s book is a very personal story, but clearly one that resonates broadly in our DNA-obsessed age.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Gideon Gil, managing editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1501168681/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1501168681&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=22c75b403593e8a3a77e635029a3d63f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought The American Ideal West”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By David McCullough\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nA great way to gain perspective on the impact of modern medicine is to consider life before it arrived. McCullough’s account of the pioneers who settled America’s Northwest Territory — an area that includes the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin — offers a window into the ruggedness required of both doctors and patients who stared down deadly illnesses in the unbroken wilderness with few defenses. Episodic disease outbreaks swept across the frontier like wildfire, often decimating settlements and taking the lives of multiple children in the same family. As a father living in present-day Ohio, it is hard to imagine the panic this must have instilled, and the resolve required to push forward despite the heart-wrenching costs. But this book has given me fresh insight and a few reasons to reconsider my own grievances in the relative utopia we’ve carved out of the Wild West.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Casey Ross, national technology correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0812982525/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0812982525&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ca6e6c07db5238906a40e5ea31a25d71\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Patient H.M.: A Story of Memory, Madness, and Family Secrets”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Luke Dittrich\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe book weaves the neuroscience legend of Henry Molaison with author Luke Dittrich’s own family dramas. After Dittrich’s grandfather operated on Molaison’s brain in an effort to treat his debilitating epilepsy, he wasn’t able to form any short-term memories. For decades after the surgery, researchers worked with Molaison to better understand how human memory works. Patient H.M.’s story is interesting enough. But when the story is mentioned, the surgeon is usually a minor player. This time, Dittrich brings his grandfather to life — and uses his family’s own history to explore some of the darker chapters in neuroscience history.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Kate Sheridan, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0525552960/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0525552960&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=0abcda54b107dd77066adae0db4d637f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Darius The Great is Not Okay”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Adib Khorram\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nAdib Khorram’s debut novel is about many things: identity, immigration, family, friendship. It’s also about living with clinical depression as a teen, and being a teen with a parent who has depression. Khorram is able to give readers a window into living with mental illness without making it the sole focus of the characters or their stories. And while it’s technically a young adult book, I’d recommend it to adults of all ages.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Megan Thielking, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2019/05/01/from-protegee-to-whistleblower-a-former-theranos-scientist-says-elizabeth-holmes-should-come-forward-and-apologize/\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/span>he first day of summer has arrived, and so has STAT’s annual book list of great reads in health, science, and medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on for recommendations from CRISPR pioneer Jennifer Doudna and CDC Director Robert Redfield. Plus, STAT readers from Boston to Ireland to Australia share their picks, in addition to our staff. Enjoy!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Notable Figures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0805071806/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0805071806&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7bf123ab6184f5cac33d58beddbb56f6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Scientific Conversations: Interviews on Science from The New York Times”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Claudia Dreifus\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis is an awesome collection of 38 interviews, published originally in the Science Times section of the New York Times, that captures the wonder and excitement of scientific discovery. As an outstanding journalist and a relative outsider to science, Dreifus elicits from her subjects the passion, frustration, inspiration and, ultimately, the joy of doing science. Her writing reminds me of the work of John McPhee: deep and expansive with a sense of fun. A great read!\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jennifer Doudna, professor and HHMI Investigator, UC Berkeley; director, Innovative Genomics Institute of UC Berkeley/UCSF/Gladstone Institutes\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/006122796X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=006122796X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7cfcc6b0801cc1e4c567331d7f105411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Vaccinated: One Man’s Quest to Defeat the World’s Deadliest Diseases”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Paul A. Offit\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nPhysicians, parents, and public health professionals seeking credible, timely information about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines will find those answers in Dr. Offit’s “Vaccinated.” He writes a compelling narrative, sharing the underlying science and historical context behind the vaccine regimen recommended today. This fact-based retrospective dispels myths and underscores the importance of immunization for children and adults alike. Readers will have a better understanding of the science-based reasoning to embrace vaccination for themselves, their families, and their communities.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Robert R. Redfield, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520229134/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0520229134&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=f6872536969b6885c29cba642778c5ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Paul Farmer\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis book highlights so well the very inception of the Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute itself and our mission to develop treatments and preventive agents for diseases burdening the world’s poorest people. Tenderly, Farmer tells the stories of those who suffer, offering their complex circumstances in the face of overwhelming data. The Partners in Health co-founder challenges those determined to care for the most vulnerable to challenge the status quo. Although written 20 years ago, the stories ring truer than ever. Inequities in health have only become magnified and are now manifest in our own backyard. Although sobering, it is also inspiring and may make the reader leap to other resources such as “The Age of Living Machines” by Susan Hockfield, who posits that convergence across scientific disciplines led to the current technological capabilities. Can these not be leveraged with know-how and fortitude to meaningfully address inequities in health?\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Penny Heaton, CEO of the Bill and Melinda Gates Medical Research Institute\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1845291557/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1845291557&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=424b9e11f98c4fb76b3a018ce157005a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“A Brief History of Medicine: from Hippocrates to Gene Therapy”\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cem>By Paul Strathern\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>Among the many histories of medicine, Paul Strathern’s narrative stands out for its lively prose and colorful portraits of figures who broke with dogma and proved new paradigms. Even the expert reader will find much that is novel and nuanced, not only in stories about prominent characters like Galen and Harvey, but less well known individuals like the Venerable Bede, an English monk who revived Greek and Roman knowledge during the Dark Ages, and Al-Razi, an Islamic scholar who challenged Aristotle’s prevailing notions with experimental data and showed that pediatric disorders need not be viewed as untreatable and hopeless. Each chapter offers a rich tableau depicting advances in medical thinking based on astute observation and rigorous induction. Strathern brilliantly succeeds in both educating and entertaining his reader, a perfect blend for a summer treat.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Dr. Jerome Groopman, New Yorker staff writer and author; Recanati Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0345804570/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0345804570&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=137ae7f66e5eee834172c881aa8f1b7a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“The Evolution of Beauty: How Darwin’s Forgotten Theory of Mate Choice Shapes the Animal World—and Us”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Richard Prum\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWhether you agree with Prum or not, his case for renewed attention to Darwin’s theory of sexual selection — that considerations of beauty, and not just functional adaptation, shape evolution — is eye-opening. The book also reminds us that politics (in this case, 19th-century disapproval of Darwin’s views on female mate choice) can influence what we are taught about science. Even if you are skeptical, Prum will make you think twice about the natural world, and will definitely change how you look at ducks.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Ron Klain, President Obama’s Ebola czar during the West African outbreak\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0062338781/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0062338781&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=a08377a6dbaebf506ffcb6efb996c457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Bottle of Lies: The Inside Story of the Generic Drug Boom”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Katherine Eban\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>In her fierce and fearless book, “Bottle of Lies,” the investigative journalist Katherine Eban takes us on a journey through the loosely regulated and often corrupt manufacture of generic drugs. Weaving together the story of a terrified but determined whistleblower from India, shady drug producers from China, and a notably timid FDA, Eban’s compelling book should serve as cautionary tale and a wake-up call for consumers, manufacturers, and physicians — “should” being the operative word.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Deborah Blum, author of “The Poison Squad: One Chemist’s Single-Minded Crusade for Food Safety at the Turn of the Twentieth Century” and director of the Knight Science Journalism Program at MIT\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>STAT Readers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0735224153/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0735224153&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=e88ba9aa97ec231e13dcca5e20cbc7bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Michael Pollan\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWith cannabis medicine now getting the attention it deserves, Michael Pollan has done a tremendous job at digging into the history of psychedelic use, both recreationally and in therapy, together with his own observations as a new psychedelic experimenter at the age of 60. All in all, a comprehensive history of the topic, together with interviews from key psychedelic researchers, and a call for serious researchers to think twice about hasty judgments surrounding this interesting compound.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jon Calder, Belfast, Northern Ireland\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/006289627X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=006289627X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ea6fc765acd3cc5ad1ccd85342cb04ae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Bitten: The Secret History of Lyme Disease and Biological Weapons”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Kris Newby\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Bitten” is a riveting narrative that digs into the origins of the Lyme disease epidemic. It connects many dots with compelling evidence and page-turning storytelling that point to the likelihood that a bio-weaponized tick program gone awry could have contributed to the more virulent forms of tick-borne illnesses that have been wreaking havoc on unwitting people for the past five decades. Doctors are not well-trained on tick-borne illness, diagnostics are inadequate, and there are no career tracks in the field other than a few courageous pioneers. Biotech is largely on the sidelines. Yet millions of people are being disabled. Perhaps this book will help stir some action. After all, we all are just one bite away from a nightmare illness.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Nancy Dougherty, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0544114515/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0544114515&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=4f6ff933051d07a5d66bb8d7906db1a2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“How Dogs Love Us: A Neuroscientist and His Adopted Dog Decode the Canine Brain”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Gregory Berns\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nFabulous book for anyone interested in the realities of research. Getting MRI data on dogs to confirm the similarities in where dogs and human brains respond to stimuli sounds like a good idea. Getting permission to get the dogs into the places where there are MRIs, getting the dogs used to the MRI, selecting real-life animals, and the implications for the experimental conclusions is very different from what usually shows up in methods and results.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Joanna Haas, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316418080/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0316418080&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ab87c536d62f16a84be8997dbe897c72\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Perfect Predator: A Scientist’s Race to Save Her Husband from a Deadly Superbug”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Steffanie Strathdee and Thomas Patterson\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>Riveting account of a scientist trying to save her husband through a combination of sheer will, determination, and cutting-edge science. It’s an amazing blend of mystery, thriller, and microbiology.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Mallory Johnson, Berkeley, Calif.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0671510576/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0671510576&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=cb77504e40e1a9467241ae7547ca194a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Billion Dollar Molecule: One Company’s Quest for the Perfect Drug”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Barry Werth\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Billion Dollar Molecule” is a thrilling story about the development of a now powerful pharmaceutical company, its revolutionary approach in structure-based drug development, and how closely it came to failing along the way. At a time when people doubt the justifications of pricing for pharmaceutical drugs, peeking at the risks involved in development and the arduous journeys of the scientists involved through this story could add nuance to the conversation.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eric Kishel, Buffalo, N.Y.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0190916834/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0190916834&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=4c465b27e88b48c0879f78555b17f6ef\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Well: What We Need to Talk About When We Talk About Health”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Sandro Galea\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Well” moves beyond talk of health disparities as simply numbers and statistics, dissecting the factors that influence health and well-being. This is an excellent read for health professionals or anyone interested in better understanding all the variables that impact our decisions and behaviors, like power, politics, and luck.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Jamie Klufts, Boston\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0312430000/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0312430000&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=35421e550159f565498198501246b2c1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Checklist Manifesto: How to Get Things Right”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Atul Gawande\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nYears after reading it, the message and themes of this book still resonate with me. One for everyone involved in health.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eliza Metcalfe, Melbourne, Australia \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/154164414X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=154164414X&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=9df8ac5f5bb7af175e206e2ce490fcfb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Rigor Mortis: How Sloppy Science Creates Worthless Cures, Crushes Hope, and Wastes Billions”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Richard Harris\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Rigor Mortis” delves into data reproducibility and scientific rigor in biomedical research. Using deft anecdotes and commentary, Harris explores how sociocultural forces and perverse incentives in funding mechanisms can conspire to create a dirge of confidence in the research process. Anyone interested in learning about how flawed science undermines medicine should pick up this book for a relatively quick and incisive read.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Kyle Penrod, Providence, R.I.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316051632/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0316051632&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=102a5090c27ba3b32e74ee3014fa30fc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Disappearing Spoon: And Other True Tales of Madness, Love, and the History of the World from the Periodic Table of the Elements”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Sam Kean\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThis book is an entertaining and amazing look at the history of the periodic table and the discovery of the elements. Kean writes in a narrative fashion that gripped me from the very first page. This book is a must for lovers of science, history, and science history.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Katie Reeves, Augusta, Ga.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>STAT Reporters\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1608192075/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1608192075&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=7aa079684701270fecebca869fe0c79e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Methland: The Death and Life of an American Small Town”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Nick Reding\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe 2016 election sparked a national obsession with reporting from “flyover country” — a hasty attempt from the national media to remember the forgotten swathes of land between the coasts. But some of the resulting coverage was so full of caricatures it seemed like just another version of flying over. Stumbling across “Methland” in the public library provided a strong antidote to those datelines without depth. Nick Reding’s portraits of small-town Iowans who are cooking, using, or working against meth are so deeply reported that you feel as if you’ve met these people in the flesh. The details are striking — kids mixing “crank” in soda bottles as they tootle around on their bikes, a dealer investing in car selling and horse racing as fronts for her drug empire — but the book also has an impressive sweep: It chronicles rural economies overtaken by agricultural behemoths, towns left behind by everyone with the means to leave, and public health and existential crises ensnaring the people who remain.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Eric Boodman, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1568585810/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1568585810&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=c7392af7e5427afc8fbd10e2f028fc99\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Ask Me About My Uterus: A Quest to Make Doctors Believe in Women’s Pain”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Abby Norman\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nAny woman whose pain has been dismissed as being “part of what it means to be a woman” will highly relate to this book. “Ask Me About My Uterus” is the story of Abby Norman, whose long and frustrating journey of finding out what was causing her excruciating pain, unexplainable weight loss, and a host of other symptoms meant she had to drop out of college her freshman year. Norman describes how relationships and hobbies all fell by the wayside as the constant pain kept her at home. Only after she got a job at a hospital and spent hours educating herself did Norman finally get a diagnosis of endometriosis. The book weaves together Norman’s own story as well as research and evidence to indicate how medicine continues to ignore women’s pain. I learned a lot of things, but how to be more assertive when I visit with a physician is at the top of the list!\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Shraddha Chakradhar, reporter and Morning Rounds writer\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07DP6MSJG/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=B07DP6MSJG&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=169853d1a860b739e89a5805d07eee17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Good to Go: What the Athlete in All of us Can Learn From the Strange Science of Recovery”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Christie Aschwanden\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nLike many who live life with a daily dose of sweat, I’m always on the lookout for the best ways to recover from exercise and get myself back out the door. In her new book, science journalist and athlete Christie Aschwanden deftly unravels the complex web of science, pseudoscience, and downright bogus claims in the world of exercise recovery. She takes the reader into infrared saunas, ice baths, and float spas and tests techniques I’d never heard of (meditation headbands are a thing?) meant to help athletes bounce back from their hard efforts.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Brittany Flaherty, news intern\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0812997417/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0812997417&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=3df4e39b8793e8725667e7c8b16161f3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Lake Success”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Gary Shteyngart\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n“Lake Success” is the story of Barry Cohen, a superlatively successful hedge fund manager whose enviable Manhattan life comes hideously unglued after he makes an ill-advised bet on what is clearly a stand-in for Valeant Pharmaceuticals. What ensues is a never sanguine, always empathetic, reliably funny portrait of a fabulously wealthy person who seems to have forgotten the concept of failure. It’s also a fascinating character study for those of us biotech schnooks who looked at alleged insider traders like Mathew Martoma and wondered how on earth they thought they’d get away with it all. Plus there’s fancy watches, generational angst, and a meditation on the creeping financialization of everything that promises to bring about a new Gilded Age. You know, beach stuff.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Damian Garde, national biotech reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1524732710/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1524732710&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=f0f49695f97eea1f87af0be2c561a5fe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Inheritance: A Memoir of Genealogy, Paternity, and Love”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Dani Shapiro\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWherever she speaks during her book tour for “Inheritance,” memoirist Dani Shapiro is approached by people who, like her, discovered through a DNA spit test that their biological father is not who they thought he was, and that their family history is a lot more twisted than they realized. Indeed, when I heard her in Boston, a man stood up during the Q&A and announced he’d learned he was the product of a sperm donor who turned out to be a fertility doctor who’d fathered dozens of children. Shapiro’s book is a very personal story, but clearly one that resonates broadly in our DNA-obsessed age.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Gideon Gil, managing editor\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1501168681/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1501168681&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=22c75b403593e8a3a77e635029a3d63f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“The Pioneers: The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought The American Ideal West”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By David McCullough\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nA great way to gain perspective on the impact of modern medicine is to consider life before it arrived. McCullough’s account of the pioneers who settled America’s Northwest Territory — an area that includes the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin — offers a window into the ruggedness required of both doctors and patients who stared down deadly illnesses in the unbroken wilderness with few defenses. Episodic disease outbreaks swept across the frontier like wildfire, often decimating settlements and taking the lives of multiple children in the same family. As a father living in present-day Ohio, it is hard to imagine the panic this must have instilled, and the resolve required to push forward despite the heart-wrenching costs. But this book has given me fresh insight and a few reasons to reconsider my own grievances in the relative utopia we’ve carved out of the Wild West.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Casey Ross, national technology correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0812982525/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0812982525&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=ca6e6c07db5238906a40e5ea31a25d71\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Patient H.M.: A Story of Memory, Madness, and Family Secrets”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Luke Dittrich\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe book weaves the neuroscience legend of Henry Molaison with author Luke Dittrich’s own family dramas. After Dittrich’s grandfather operated on Molaison’s brain in an effort to treat his debilitating epilepsy, he wasn’t able to form any short-term memories. For decades after the surgery, researchers worked with Molaison to better understand how human memory works. Patient H.M.’s story is interesting enough. But when the story is mentioned, the surgeon is usually a minor player. This time, Dittrich brings his grandfather to life — and uses his family’s own history to explore some of the darker chapters in neuroscience history.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Kate Sheridan, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0525552960/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0525552960&linkCode=as2&tag=stat03d-20&linkId=0abcda54b107dd77066adae0db4d637f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>“Darius The Great is Not Okay”\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>By Adib Khorram\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nAdib Khorram’s debut novel is about many things: identity, immigration, family, friendship. It’s also about living with clinical depression as a teen, and being a teen with a parent who has depression. Khorram is able to give readers a window into living with mental illness without making it the sole focus of the characters or their stories. And while it’s technically a young adult book, I’d recommend it to adults of all ages.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>— Megan Thielking, reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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