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"content": "\u003cp>It’s not that hot in the Bay Area today, but for a child inside a closed car, it can quickly get hot enough to be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already this year, heatstroke has claimed the lives of two children in California, and 24 nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday is National Heatstroke Prevention Day and experts like meteorologist Jan Null are reminding parents that anyone can make the mistake of forgetting they have a child in the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Carseat_TS168815025_web.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6385\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6385\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Carseat_TS168815025_web.jpg\" alt=\"Closed cars can heat up faster than you might think.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Closed cars can heat up faster than you might think.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re talking about across the entire socioeconomic spectrum,” Null said. “There have been university professors, principals of schools, a director of a day care…”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/2013/06/08/3334500/baby-dies-in-fresno-after-being.html\">Fresno last month\u003c/a>, a 15-month-old boy died when a couple returned home from errands, and each thought the other had brought him into the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It doesn’t take long for temperatures inside a closed car to skyrocket to dangerous levels. \u003ca href=\"http://ggweather.com/heat/#study\">Null conducted a study in 2002 \u003c/a>that documented the temperature inside closed cars over time, using a range of outdoor temperatures. He found that the car heated up at the same rate, whether the starting temperature was cooler or warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6352\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6352\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/temp-rise-e1375282079408.gif\" alt=\"Average temperature rise over time, inside a closed vehicle. (Jan Null/UCSF)\" width=\"600\" height=\"464\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Average temperature rise over time, inside a closed vehicle.\u003cbr>(Jan Null/UCSF)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In just 10 minutes, it was 19 degrees hotter inside the car than outside. After 20 minutes, it was 29 degrees hotter inside the car. Null says infants and children overheat quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their thermo-regulatory system — the way they perspire and cool themselves — is not as well developed as an adult’s,” he said. “Their body heats up three-to-five times faster than you or I would, sitting in a car that’s 100 degrees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, it’s illegal to leave a child of six or younger alone in a car when conditions in the car could threaten the child’s health or safety. But in the majority of cases – 52 percent — when children die of heatstroke in a car, the parents or caregivers are not flouting they law. They’ve simply forgotten the child is still in the car. In another 30 percent of cases, the child has gotten into the car on her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why transportation safety experts are recommending all parents adopt \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhtsa.gov/safety/hyperthermia\">prevention tools\u003c/a>, like an automobile exit routine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look before you lock,” is the slogan of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The NHTSA recommends that parents walk around their car and look in all the windows before locking up. The agency also recommends putting something you need for the next stop – like a cell phone or purse – on the floor in front of the child’s car seat. That way you won’t get to work having forgotten to drop off the sleeping infant at daycare (because today isn’t your usual drop-off day, after all) and then just leave your car and scramble to the meeting you’re already late for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other prevention tools include asking the childcare provider to call within ten minutes if your child doesn’t show up as expected, always keeping your car locked, and teaching children never to play inside a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a child is lost, look first in any nearby pool or pond, and look second in any nearby cars, including the trunks, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ots.ca.gov/Media_and_Research/Press_Room/2013/doc/OTS%20Heatstroke%20Prevention%20Day.pdf\">the state Office of Traffic Safety\u003c/a>. And if you see a child alone inside a car, experts say, don’t waste time trying to find the parent; a child can die too quickly in the heat. Call 911 immediately. The parent may be embarrassed when they discover what’s happened, but the child may still be alive.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It doesn’t take long for temperatures inside a closed car to skyrocket to dangerous levels. \u003ca href=\"http://ggweather.com/heat/#study\">Null conducted a study in 2002 \u003c/a>that documented the temperature inside closed cars over time, using a range of outdoor temperatures. He found that the car heated up at the same rate, whether the starting temperature was cooler or warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6352\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6352\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/temp-rise-e1375282079408.gif\" alt=\"Average temperature rise over time, inside a closed vehicle. (Jan Null/UCSF)\" width=\"600\" height=\"464\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Average temperature rise over time, inside a closed vehicle.\u003cbr>(Jan Null/UCSF)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In just 10 minutes, it was 19 degrees hotter inside the car than outside. After 20 minutes, it was 29 degrees hotter inside the car. Null says infants and children overheat quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their thermo-regulatory system — the way they perspire and cool themselves — is not as well developed as an adult’s,” he said. “Their body heats up three-to-five times faster than you or I would, sitting in a car that’s 100 degrees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, it’s illegal to leave a child of six or younger alone in a car when conditions in the car could threaten the child’s health or safety. But in the majority of cases – 52 percent — when children die of heatstroke in a car, the parents or caregivers are not flouting they law. They’ve simply forgotten the child is still in the car. In another 30 percent of cases, the child has gotten into the car on her own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why transportation safety experts are recommending all parents adopt \u003ca href=\"http://www.nhtsa.gov/safety/hyperthermia\">prevention tools\u003c/a>, like an automobile exit routine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look before you lock,” is the slogan of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The NHTSA recommends that parents walk around their car and look in all the windows before locking up. The agency also recommends putting something you need for the next stop – like a cell phone or purse – on the floor in front of the child’s car seat. That way you won’t get to work having forgotten to drop off the sleeping infant at daycare (because today isn’t your usual drop-off day, after all) and then just leave your car and scramble to the meeting you’re already late for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other prevention tools include asking the childcare provider to call within ten minutes if your child doesn’t show up as expected, always keeping your car locked, and teaching children never to play inside a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a child is lost, look first in any nearby pool or pond, and look second in any nearby cars, including the trunks, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ots.ca.gov/Media_and_Research/Press_Room/2013/doc/OTS%20Heatstroke%20Prevention%20Day.pdf\">the state Office of Traffic Safety\u003c/a>. And if you see a child alone inside a car, experts say, don’t waste time trying to find the parent; a child can die too quickly in the heat. Call 911 immediately. The parent may be embarrassed when they discover what’s happened, but the child may still be alive.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Google is testing a project that would bring the internet to people in rural areas and developing nations via high-altitude balloons. The program, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/loon/\">Project Loon\u003c/a>, comes out of Google’s experimental lab, known as Google X. The idea is to send big remote-controlled balloons up into the atmosphere, about twice as high as commercial jets fly. Radios mounted on the balloons would send internet back to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6224\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6224\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/loon-e1375143486256.jpg\" alt=\"A Project Loon balloon flies over a farm in New Zealand as part of a test flight. (Courtesy: Google)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Project Loon balloon flies over a farm in New Zealand as part of a test flight. (Courtesy: Google)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That would be useful in places too remote for cables, explained Google aerospace engineer Sameera Ponda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By virtue of our technology, which is essentially a network that flies above everything, we’re not limited by the same limitations that cell towers, for instance, would have,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google engineers have tested the project in various stages in California and in New Zealand, where Ponda said, it was well-received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a few farmers in New Zealand who were able to connect from their houses. Normally they didn’t have reliable internet, and they were really excited to see this,” she said. “It was just really nice to see that this could really improve their lives a lot. They could get weather reports for their farms and things like that that could really benefit their businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internet access isn’t just important for business, though. Chris Coward a research scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://tascha.uw.edu/\">Technology and Social Change Group\u003c/a> at the University of Washington’s Information School, said leisure and communication are just as important for development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people are able to expand their communication networks, we see they’re able to expand their economic and educational and even health benefits, as well,” he said. Coward said he thought that there would be regulatory and business model challenges to the project, but said it looked interesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they get over their technical and other challenges, that could be a really huge boon and advantage to those rural areas which are very challenging to connect,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google engineers are testing the balloons in California over the next few months but there’s no date for when Project Loon would officially get off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Google is testing a project that would bring the internet to people in rural areas and developing nations via high-altitude balloons. The program, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/loon/\">Project Loon\u003c/a>, comes out of Google’s experimental lab, known as Google X. The idea is to send big remote-controlled balloons up into the atmosphere, about twice as high as commercial jets fly. Radios mounted on the balloons would send internet back to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6224\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6224\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/loon-e1375143486256.jpg\" alt=\"A Project Loon balloon flies over a farm in New Zealand as part of a test flight. (Courtesy: Google)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Project Loon balloon flies over a farm in New Zealand as part of a test flight. (Courtesy: Google)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That would be useful in places too remote for cables, explained Google aerospace engineer Sameera Ponda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By virtue of our technology, which is essentially a network that flies above everything, we’re not limited by the same limitations that cell towers, for instance, would have,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google engineers have tested the project in various stages in California and in New Zealand, where Ponda said, it was well-received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a few farmers in New Zealand who were able to connect from their houses. Normally they didn’t have reliable internet, and they were really excited to see this,” she said. “It was just really nice to see that this could really improve their lives a lot. They could get weather reports for their farms and things like that that could really benefit their businesses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internet access isn’t just important for business, though. Chris Coward a research scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://tascha.uw.edu/\">Technology and Social Change Group\u003c/a> at the University of Washington’s Information School, said leisure and communication are just as important for development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people are able to expand their communication networks, we see they’re able to expand their economic and educational and even health benefits, as well,” he said. Coward said he thought that there would be regulatory and business model challenges to the project, but said it looked interesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they get over their technical and other challenges, that could be a really huge boon and advantage to those rural areas which are very challenging to connect,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google engineers are testing the balloons in California over the next few months but there’s no date for when Project Loon would officially get off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Does Your Range Hood Suck? Cooking Spikes Indoor Air Pollution",
"headTitle": "Does Your Range Hood Suck? Cooking Spikes Indoor Air Pollution | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6122\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 259px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/hood-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6122\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-6122 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/hood-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"(Photo: Shannon Rosa)\" width=\"259\" height=\"146\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Photo: Shannon Rosa)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The summer season often brings outdoor air pollution alerts, but it turns out the air inside your kitchen can sometimes be just as harmful. Several of the same pollutants found in smog come from cooking dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Range hoods are designed to capture these cooking fumes, but even some expensive models aren’t very effective. So researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab are trying to fix that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we think of our home as safe,” said Jennifer Logue, research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cooking Tips\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– Always turn your fan on\u003cbr>\n– Cook on the back burners\u003cbr>\n– Use highest fan setting\u003cbr>\n– Clean grease traps periodically\u003cbr>\n– If you don’t have a hood, open windows\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You spend 70 percent of your time in your home,” she said. “And what you do in your home has a huge impact on what you’re exposed to, which in turn has a huge impact on your health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a study of Southern California homes where people cook at least once a week, more than half had air pollution levels worse than the outdoor health limit for nitrogen dioxide, a pollutant that can cause respiratory irritation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you exceeded the standards outdoors, it would be a really big deal,” Logue said. “But if you exceed them in your house, nobody’s paying attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homes with electric stoves aren’t in the clear either, because cooking the food itself creates air pollution. Fats produce a lung irritant called acrolein. Cooking also puts off fine particle pollution, which is tied to long-term health problems, like respiratory and heart issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds a little scary, but Logue says there’s a solution: a good range hood that vents to the outside. The only problem is that finding a good range hood isn’t simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tips for Buying a New Hood\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– Look for one that covers the entire cook top\u003cbr>\n– It should move 200 cubic feet of air per minute, certified by the Home Ventilating Institute\u003cbr>\n– Choose a noise rating of 3 sone or less\u003cbr>\n– Choose a hood shape with a hollow space underneath for collecting fumes\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all hoods work the same and currently, unfortunately, there’s no way for people to really know how effective their range hood is,” Logue said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Testing Range Hoods\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Berkeley Lab’s test kitchen, Woody Delp and his team make a recipe they’ve made a hundred times exactly the same way: stir-fried green beans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We measure out the beans the same amount each time,” Delp said. “We want to make sure that everything tries to stay as constant as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab’s gas stove has a hood that’s rigged with air monitors. As the green beans sizzle away, particle counters around the room start to spike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This hood at this particular flow setting is probably capturing about half of what’s coming off,” Delp said. “Not quite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6119\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 245px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-6119 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Woody-greenbeans.jpg\" alt=\"Woody Delp measures green beans in the test kitchen. (Photo: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab)\" width=\"245\" height=\"320\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woody Delp measures green beans in the test kitchen. (Photo: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Based on their testing, the hood is in the middle of the pack. Delp found hoods that were only 15 percent effective at capturing cooking emissions. Others did much better, but they weren’t necessarily the most expensive ones. And specific information about how well the hoods capture cooking emissions is not available to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go down to your local big box retailer, they’ll have what the air flow rate is and maybe a sound rating on it,” Delp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air flow – or how powerful the fan is – is only part of the puzzle. The shape of the hood and how far it extends over a stovetop makes a big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The length of the ductwork also affects how the hood functions. “Oftentimes it has too many bends and too many elbows and a long run to get it outside,” Delp said, “and for some of the range hoods, that kills the air flow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delp and his team are developing a standardized test to measure hood effectiveness, which is currently being reviewed by an international testing board. Delp says a lot of manufacturers are interested in using it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Regulating Indoor Air\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately there’s not really a state or federal agency that has comprehensive authority over indoor air pollution,” said Peggy Jenkins, who manages the indoor air quality program at the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has strict ventilation rules for other gas appliances in homes, including furnaces and hot water heaters. Stoves and range hoods have been largely overlooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a sense it’s low-hanging fruit but it’s not really simple,” Jenkins said. Regulatory efforts would require a number of state agencies to get involved. But Jenkins says there’s growing interest in changing the state’s building codes for range hoods. That could mean adding new requirements for the air flow or the hood’s shape, since those vary quite a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all love to have our microwaves over the range,” Jenkins said, “but the ventilation that’s associated with those is not as strong – not as efficient or effective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, for home cooks, Jennifer Logue has a few tips as she finishes up her risotto. “I always, always, always use the range hood even though mine sounds like a jet engine, she said. “But I always use it because it think it’s really important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Use the highest fan setting and put pots and pans on the back burners, where hoods capture the most pollutants. They’re simple changes but effective ones, Logue says. The hard part is remembering them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "When you're cooking dinner, the air inside your kitchen can sometimes be just as harmful as smog. Range hoods are designed to capture cooking fumes, but even some expensive models aren’t very effective. Researchers are trying to fix that.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6122\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 259px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/hood-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6122\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-6122 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/hood-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"(Photo: Shannon Rosa)\" width=\"259\" height=\"146\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Photo: Shannon Rosa)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The summer season often brings outdoor air pollution alerts, but it turns out the air inside your kitchen can sometimes be just as harmful. Several of the same pollutants found in smog come from cooking dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Range hoods are designed to capture these cooking fumes, but even some expensive models aren’t very effective. So researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab are trying to fix that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we think of our home as safe,” said Jennifer Logue, research scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cooking Tips\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– Always turn your fan on\u003cbr>\n– Cook on the back burners\u003cbr>\n– Use highest fan setting\u003cbr>\n– Clean grease traps periodically\u003cbr>\n– If you don’t have a hood, open windows\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You spend 70 percent of your time in your home,” she said. “And what you do in your home has a huge impact on what you’re exposed to, which in turn has a huge impact on your health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a study of Southern California homes where people cook at least once a week, more than half had air pollution levels worse than the outdoor health limit for nitrogen dioxide, a pollutant that can cause respiratory irritation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you exceeded the standards outdoors, it would be a really big deal,” Logue said. “But if you exceed them in your house, nobody’s paying attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homes with electric stoves aren’t in the clear either, because cooking the food itself creates air pollution. Fats produce a lung irritant called acrolein. Cooking also puts off fine particle pollution, which is tied to long-term health problems, like respiratory and heart issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds a little scary, but Logue says there’s a solution: a good range hood that vents to the outside. The only problem is that finding a good range hood isn’t simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tips for Buying a New Hood\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>– Look for one that covers the entire cook top\u003cbr>\n– It should move 200 cubic feet of air per minute, certified by the Home Ventilating Institute\u003cbr>\n– Choose a noise rating of 3 sone or less\u003cbr>\n– Choose a hood shape with a hollow space underneath for collecting fumes\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not all hoods work the same and currently, unfortunately, there’s no way for people to really know how effective their range hood is,” Logue said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Testing Range Hoods\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Berkeley Lab’s test kitchen, Woody Delp and his team make a recipe they’ve made a hundred times exactly the same way: stir-fried green beans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We measure out the beans the same amount each time,” Delp said. “We want to make sure that everything tries to stay as constant as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab’s gas stove has a hood that’s rigged with air monitors. As the green beans sizzle away, particle counters around the room start to spike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This hood at this particular flow setting is probably capturing about half of what’s coming off,” Delp said. “Not quite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6119\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 245px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-6119 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Woody-greenbeans.jpg\" alt=\"Woody Delp measures green beans in the test kitchen. (Photo: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab)\" width=\"245\" height=\"320\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woody Delp measures green beans in the test kitchen. (Photo: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Based on their testing, the hood is in the middle of the pack. Delp found hoods that were only 15 percent effective at capturing cooking emissions. Others did much better, but they weren’t necessarily the most expensive ones. And specific information about how well the hoods capture cooking emissions is not available to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you go down to your local big box retailer, they’ll have what the air flow rate is and maybe a sound rating on it,” Delp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air flow – or how powerful the fan is – is only part of the puzzle. The shape of the hood and how far it extends over a stovetop makes a big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The length of the ductwork also affects how the hood functions. “Oftentimes it has too many bends and too many elbows and a long run to get it outside,” Delp said, “and for some of the range hoods, that kills the air flow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delp and his team are developing a standardized test to measure hood effectiveness, which is currently being reviewed by an international testing board. Delp says a lot of manufacturers are interested in using it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Regulating Indoor Air\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately there’s not really a state or federal agency that has comprehensive authority over indoor air pollution,” said Peggy Jenkins, who manages the indoor air quality program at the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has strict ventilation rules for other gas appliances in homes, including furnaces and hot water heaters. Stoves and range hoods have been largely overlooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a sense it’s low-hanging fruit but it’s not really simple,” Jenkins said. Regulatory efforts would require a number of state agencies to get involved. But Jenkins says there’s growing interest in changing the state’s building codes for range hoods. That could mean adding new requirements for the air flow or the hood’s shape, since those vary quite a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all love to have our microwaves over the range,” Jenkins said, “but the ventilation that’s associated with those is not as strong – not as efficient or effective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, for home cooks, Jennifer Logue has a few tips as she finishes up her risotto. “I always, always, always use the range hood even though mine sounds like a jet engine, she said. “But I always use it because it think it’s really important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Use the highest fan setting and put pots and pans on the back burners, where hoods capture the most pollutants. They’re simple changes but effective ones, Logue says. The hard part is remembering them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Put Your Smart Phone to Work Doing Real Science",
"headTitle": "Put Your Smart Phone to Work Doing Real Science | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6050\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/BOINC_scaled-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6050\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-6050\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/BOINC_scaled-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"The BOINC app in action. (Photo: Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics/B. Knispel)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plugged into its charger, an Android phone joins the search for radio pulsars. (photo: Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics/B. Knispel)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Your cell phone can now help research climate change, hunt for pulsars, or design new AIDS drugs, thanks to a new app from UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app, called \u003ca href=\"http://boinc.berkeley.edu/\">BOINC\u003c/a>, has been available for desktop computers for more than a decade. It allows users to lend their spare computer power to international science projects, such as the popular \u003ca href=\"http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/\">SETI@Home\u003c/a>, which scans radio signals from space to seek out extraterrestrial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until a few years ago, cell phone processors weren’t powerful enough to be of much use, UC Berkeley computer scientist David Anderson told me in a recent phone interview\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Anderson, what changed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What changed was the notion of being able to run apps, which was pioneered by Apple and picked up by Android,” he said. “People started running apps that did complex things: games that were fast and had complex graphics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of using your cell phone to send texts and make calls, which doesn’t really require that much computing power, all of a sudden, the more computing power you had on your device, the better and faster the apps performed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what is BOINC? Is it an app?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBOINC is what we call “middleware.” It’s a layer of software that lets scientists run their scientific applications on peoples’ home computers. It takes care of a lot of details, for example, making sure the computation runs in background, so it doesn’t slow down the performance of your computer (or your phone, as the case may be).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it takes care of other things, like validating the results. So if someone’s computer makes a mistake, it doesn’t interfere with scientific results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, the way to get computing power is to either buy your own computers or rent time on a supercomputer. Many scientists either can’t afford that or simply need more computing power than is available that way and that’s why they use volunteer computing.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nSo, now BOINC can run on Android phones. Why only Android?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Android is based on Linux, which is a very popular open source operating system. So to get BOINC working on Android, mostly it worked out of the box, though we did have to develop a new graphical interface for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We hope iPhones are a possibility in the future. But they’re not based on Linux, like Androids are. There are also a few legal difficulties, because there’s a rule for iPhone apps that they can’t download other applications. And what BOINC does is it downloads science applications from these projects and runs them. So we’d have to work out those details. I think if the Android version is successful, we may look at iPhone in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can people do with BOINC?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://boinc.berkeley.edu/wiki/Einstein@Home\">Einstein@home\u003c/a> is a project from Germany that’s looking for new pulsars – which are a kind of exotic astronomical object – by analyzing data from a radio telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second project is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldcommunitygrid.org/\">IBM World Community Grid\u003c/a>. The science that they’re doing with Android is called virtual drug design, which is doing molecular simulations to see how various chemical compounds interact with the proteins that are found on, in this case, AIDS viruses. It’s a way of looking for potential drugs to fight AIDS, using computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are scientists in virtually all areas of science that are using volunteer computing. There are people who are studying \u003ca href=\"http://boinc.berkeley.edu/wiki/Project_list#Climateprediction.net\">long-term climate change\u003c/a>, astronomers who are studying asteroids that might collide with earth, among \u003ca href=\"http://boinc.berkeley.edu/projects.php\">other things\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty much anywhere there’s science that needs a lot of computing power, there are people using volunteer computing to get it. I think very shortly there’s going to be quite a range of applications you can run on your Android phone.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nAny idea how much potential computer power we’re talking about? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we can get things up into the range of a million mobile phones, we will have doubled [BOINC’s existing] computing power. And that sounds like a lot, but there are currently about a billion Android devices out there in the real world, and the number is increasing really fast. There will probably be two or three billion in a year or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we can get a tiny fraction, even a tenth of a percent of people willing to do science on their phones, that’ll give us very meaningful computer power. Nobody can guarantee we’re going to find an AIDS drug, but we potentially could.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Your cell phone can now help research climate change, hunt for pulsars, or design new AIDS drugs, thanks to a new crowd computing phone app from UC Berkeley. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6050\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/BOINC_scaled-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-6050\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-6050\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/BOINC_scaled-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"The BOINC app in action. (Photo: Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics/B. Knispel)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plugged into its charger, an Android phone joins the search for radio pulsars. (photo: Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics/B. Knispel)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Your cell phone can now help research climate change, hunt for pulsars, or design new AIDS drugs, thanks to a new app from UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app, called \u003ca href=\"http://boinc.berkeley.edu/\">BOINC\u003c/a>, has been available for desktop computers for more than a decade. It allows users to lend their spare computer power to international science projects, such as the popular \u003ca href=\"http://setiathome.berkeley.edu/\">SETI@Home\u003c/a>, which scans radio signals from space to seek out extraterrestrial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until a few years ago, cell phone processors weren’t powerful enough to be of much use, UC Berkeley computer scientist David Anderson told me in a recent phone interview\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Anderson, what changed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What changed was the notion of being able to run apps, which was pioneered by Apple and picked up by Android,” he said. “People started running apps that did complex things: games that were fast and had complex graphics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of using your cell phone to send texts and make calls, which doesn’t really require that much computing power, all of a sudden, the more computing power you had on your device, the better and faster the apps performed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what is BOINC? Is it an app?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBOINC is what we call “middleware.” It’s a layer of software that lets scientists run their scientific applications on peoples’ home computers. It takes care of a lot of details, for example, making sure the computation runs in background, so it doesn’t slow down the performance of your computer (or your phone, as the case may be).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it takes care of other things, like validating the results. So if someone’s computer makes a mistake, it doesn’t interfere with scientific results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, the way to get computing power is to either buy your own computers or rent time on a supercomputer. Many scientists either can’t afford that or simply need more computing power than is available that way and that’s why they use volunteer computing.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nSo, now BOINC can run on Android phones. Why only Android?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Android is based on Linux, which is a very popular open source operating system. So to get BOINC working on Android, mostly it worked out of the box, though we did have to develop a new graphical interface for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We hope iPhones are a possibility in the future. But they’re not based on Linux, like Androids are. There are also a few legal difficulties, because there’s a rule for iPhone apps that they can’t download other applications. And what BOINC does is it downloads science applications from these projects and runs them. So we’d have to work out those details. I think if the Android version is successful, we may look at iPhone in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can people do with BOINC?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://boinc.berkeley.edu/wiki/Einstein@Home\">Einstein@home\u003c/a> is a project from Germany that’s looking for new pulsars – which are a kind of exotic astronomical object – by analyzing data from a radio telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second project is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldcommunitygrid.org/\">IBM World Community Grid\u003c/a>. The science that they’re doing with Android is called virtual drug design, which is doing molecular simulations to see how various chemical compounds interact with the proteins that are found on, in this case, AIDS viruses. It’s a way of looking for potential drugs to fight AIDS, using computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are scientists in virtually all areas of science that are using volunteer computing. There are people who are studying \u003ca href=\"http://boinc.berkeley.edu/wiki/Project_list#Climateprediction.net\">long-term climate change\u003c/a>, astronomers who are studying asteroids that might collide with earth, among \u003ca href=\"http://boinc.berkeley.edu/projects.php\">other things\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty much anywhere there’s science that needs a lot of computing power, there are people using volunteer computing to get it. I think very shortly there’s going to be quite a range of applications you can run on your Android phone.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nAny idea how much potential computer power we’re talking about? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we can get things up into the range of a million mobile phones, we will have doubled [BOINC’s existing] computing power. And that sounds like a lot, but there are currently about a billion Android devices out there in the real world, and the number is increasing really fast. There will probably be two or three billion in a year or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we can get a tiny fraction, even a tenth of a percent of people willing to do science on their phones, that’ll give us very meaningful computer power. Nobody can guarantee we’re going to find an AIDS drug, but we potentially could.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Wildlife Officials Consider Killing Barred Owls to Save Spotted Owls",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal wildlife officials are exploring a plan to shoot thousands of barred owls in Northern California, Washington and Oregon in an effort to protect another species of owl: the threatened northern spotted owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5965\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/spottedowl-e1374694242481.jpg\" alt=\"Shane Jeffries/USFWS/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwsendsp/5038896657\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5965\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern spotted owls are native to the old growth forests of the Pacific Northwest. (Shane Jeffries/USFWS/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spotted owls have been in decline for decades, mainly due to the logging of their old growth habitat. But even now with protections and programs to help restore them, they’re not bouncing back. Scientists say part of the problem is the barred owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Lauren Sommer \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/29/spotted-owls-face-new-threat/\">explained the conflict\u003c/a> in a previous story:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Barred owls are an invasive species, originally from the Eastern US. They first arrived in spotted owl territory in Washington and have been moving south down the coast – which makes this owl the frontline of the invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The barred owl is a little larger. It’s a little more aggressive. And so in other areas where you have barred owls set up, the spotted owls aren’t there anymore,” says Merkle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barred owls take over spotted owl territory and in some cases, even attack them. In places like western Washington, the spotted owl population has been cut in half since the barred owl showed up.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Biologists at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service say they explored several plans to help the spotted owl population, but they decided the best plan was to try killing about 3,600 barred owls in four study areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5968\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/barredowl-e1374694429550.jpg\" alt=\"Ray Bosch/USFWS/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/52133016@N08/6780655554/in/photolist-bkbCEo-bkbCBo-bkbCKb-dqX7U4\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5968\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barred owls are originally from the East Coast, but have moved out West. (Ray Bosch/USFWS/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Every year we wait is another year the spotted owls are declining,” said U.S. Fish and Wildlife biologist Robin Bown. While the federal agency is understandably reluctant to pursue a strategy of hunting the barred owls, Bown says their proposal is the most effective plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency will make a final decision on the plan in a month, and owls hunts could begin this fall.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal wildlife officials are exploring a plan to shoot thousands of barred owls in Northern California, Washington and Oregon in an effort to protect another species of owl: the threatened northern spotted owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5965\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/spottedowl-e1374694242481.jpg\" alt=\"Shane Jeffries/USFWS/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/usfwsendsp/5038896657\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5965\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Northern spotted owls are native to the old growth forests of the Pacific Northwest. (Shane Jeffries/USFWS/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spotted owls have been in decline for decades, mainly due to the logging of their old growth habitat. But even now with protections and programs to help restore them, they’re not bouncing back. Scientists say part of the problem is the barred owl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Lauren Sommer \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/29/spotted-owls-face-new-threat/\">explained the conflict\u003c/a> in a previous story:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Barred owls are an invasive species, originally from the Eastern US. They first arrived in spotted owl territory in Washington and have been moving south down the coast – which makes this owl the frontline of the invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The barred owl is a little larger. It’s a little more aggressive. And so in other areas where you have barred owls set up, the spotted owls aren’t there anymore,” says Merkle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barred owls take over spotted owl territory and in some cases, even attack them. In places like western Washington, the spotted owl population has been cut in half since the barred owl showed up.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Biologists at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service say they explored several plans to help the spotted owl population, but they decided the best plan was to try killing about 3,600 barred owls in four study areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5968\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/barredowl-e1374694429550.jpg\" alt=\"Ray Bosch/USFWS/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/52133016@N08/6780655554/in/photolist-bkbCEo-bkbCBo-bkbCKb-dqX7U4\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5968\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barred owls are originally from the East Coast, but have moved out West. (Ray Bosch/USFWS/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Every year we wait is another year the spotted owls are declining,” said U.S. Fish and Wildlife biologist Robin Bown. While the federal agency is understandably reluctant to pursue a strategy of hunting the barred owls, Bown says their proposal is the most effective plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "East Bay Building Demolition to Provide Rare Earthquake Insights",
"headTitle": "East Bay Building Demolition to Provide Rare Earthquake Insights | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5821\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/WarrenHall.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5821\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5821\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/WarrenHall.jpg\" alt=\"Earthquake geologists will study the demolition of Warren Hall on the Cal State East Bay campus. (Photo: Cal State East Bay)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Earthquake geologists will study the demolition of Warren Hall on the Cal State East Bay campus. (Photo: Cal State East Bay)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey are looking for volunteers in the East Bay to help document a powerful seismic event in mid-August, when a 13-story building on the California State University, East Bay campus \u003ca href=\"http://www20.csueastbay.edu/news/2013/03/WA-replacement-bldg-032013.html\">will come crashing down\u003c/a>, making way for a new, seismically stable replacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The implosion of Warren Hall will mimic the energy of a 2.0-2.5 magnitude earthquake, giving geologists a unique chance to study what happens below the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When USGS geophysicist Rufus Catchings got a phone call about the event months ago, he recalls not hesitating. “I said, ‘Oh yes! This is exactly what I’ve needed,” he said. “The fact that it’s so close to the Hayward Fault makes this a rare opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To measure the seismic waves, USGS is looking for volunteers in Hayward and the East Bay to help deploy a network of seismographs. Over the next month, they’ll be knocking on doors around campus, asking local residents to host the seismic instruments in their yards. Volunteers can \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://sslearthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/volunteer/\">sign up online\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The seismograph is about the size of a beer can,” Catchings said. “We’re trying to place about 600 of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data should reveal what the geologic layers around the Hayward Fault are made of, indicating how violently the area would shake during a major earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can largely see what’s at the surface, but many places, you go just a few feet below the surface and you have no idea what’s there,” Catchings said. “What’s down a few kilometers really affects the shaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists will also be looking for splays, or secondary faults, off the main fault. “A fault is not just one break in the ground,” he said. “It’s a zone of breaks and it’s difficult to tell just how wide that zone is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data could provide a clearer picture of the damage a major earthquake would do. There’s a 63 percent chance of a major quake in the Bay Area over the next 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Related Video\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril/\">The Hayward Fault: Predictable Peril\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5821\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/WarrenHall.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5821\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5821\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/WarrenHall.jpg\" alt=\"Earthquake geologists will study the demolition of Warren Hall on the Cal State East Bay campus. (Photo: Cal State East Bay)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Earthquake geologists will study the demolition of Warren Hall on the Cal State East Bay campus. (Photo: Cal State East Bay)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists with the U.S. Geological Survey are looking for volunteers in the East Bay to help document a powerful seismic event in mid-August, when a 13-story building on the California State University, East Bay campus \u003ca href=\"http://www20.csueastbay.edu/news/2013/03/WA-replacement-bldg-032013.html\">will come crashing down\u003c/a>, making way for a new, seismically stable replacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The implosion of Warren Hall will mimic the energy of a 2.0-2.5 magnitude earthquake, giving geologists a unique chance to study what happens below the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When USGS geophysicist Rufus Catchings got a phone call about the event months ago, he recalls not hesitating. “I said, ‘Oh yes! This is exactly what I’ve needed,” he said. “The fact that it’s so close to the Hayward Fault makes this a rare opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To measure the seismic waves, USGS is looking for volunteers in Hayward and the East Bay to help deploy a network of seismographs. Over the next month, they’ll be knocking on doors around campus, asking local residents to host the seismic instruments in their yards. Volunteers can \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://sslearthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/volunteer/\">sign up online\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The seismograph is about the size of a beer can,” Catchings said. “We’re trying to place about 600 of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data should reveal what the geologic layers around the Hayward Fault are made of, indicating how violently the area would shake during a major earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can largely see what’s at the surface, but many places, you go just a few feet below the surface and you have no idea what’s there,” Catchings said. “What’s down a few kilometers really affects the shaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologists will also be looking for splays, or secondary faults, off the main fault. “A fault is not just one break in the ground,” he said. “It’s a zone of breaks and it’s difficult to tell just how wide that zone is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data could provide a clearer picture of the damage a major earthquake would do. There’s a 63 percent chance of a major quake in the Bay Area over the next 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Related Video\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/the-hayward-fault-predictable-peril/\">The Hayward Fault: Predictable Peril\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Should California’s Biggest Reservoir Be Even Bigger?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Water planners are exploring the possibility of expanding Shasta Dam, a concrete slab across the Sacramento River that forms California’s largest reservoir, Shasta Lake. A $1 billion proposal to raise the dam by as much as 18 and a half feet would expand the reservoir’s capacity by 634,000 acre feet, enough to supply more than a million families for a year. (Though how the water would be parceled out between farms, families and fish is still up for debate.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5785\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Shasta-Dam-pic-e1374272801635.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5785\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5785\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Shasta-Dam-pic-e1374272801635.png\" alt=\"Shasta Dam pic\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shasta Lake is the biggest reservoir in the state. (Bureau of Reclamation).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which operates the dam, held a series of public meetings in Redding, Sacramento and Los Banos on the controversial plan this week. Supporters say that the expansion is a cost-effective way for our thirsty state to increase its water storage capacity, but not everyone’s convinced it’s worth it. Members of the Winnemem Wintu tribe have historical ties to the land, and don’t want to see their sacred sites destroyed by flooding waters. Environmental groups worry about salmon runs, habitat loss and impacts to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the land surrounding the lake is federal, but some nearby landowners have expressed opposition to enlarging the reservoir. Steve MacNeil owns property in Lakehead, a town near the lake. He says local businesses along the shoreline are concerned that the government might flood their land without adequate compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re talking about all of the permanent fixtures that are all going to have to be moved, relocated, disassembled, torn down,” said MacNeil. “At a cost to who?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation is accepting public comments on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=1915\">draft environmental impact statement\u003c/a> until the end of September. In August the Bureau \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/news/water-supply-challenges/draft-eis-released-impacts-raising-shasta-dam\">plans to announce\u003c/a> another series of public meetings. A final report is scheduled for completion sometime next year. Ultimately the project requires Congressional approval, which, according to the Bureau of Reclamation, is unlikely to happen before 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Water planners are exploring the possibility of expanding Shasta Dam, a concrete slab across the Sacramento River that forms California's largest reservoir, Shasta Lake. A $1 billion proposal to raise the dam by as much as 18 and a half feet would expand the reservoir's capacity by 634,000 acre feet, enough to supply more than a million families for a year.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Water planners are exploring the possibility of expanding Shasta Dam, a concrete slab across the Sacramento River that forms California’s largest reservoir, Shasta Lake. A $1 billion proposal to raise the dam by as much as 18 and a half feet would expand the reservoir’s capacity by 634,000 acre feet, enough to supply more than a million families for a year. (Though how the water would be parceled out between farms, families and fish is still up for debate.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5785\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Shasta-Dam-pic-e1374272801635.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5785\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5785\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Shasta-Dam-pic-e1374272801635.png\" alt=\"Shasta Dam pic\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shasta Lake is the biggest reservoir in the state. (Bureau of Reclamation).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which operates the dam, held a series of public meetings in Redding, Sacramento and Los Banos on the controversial plan this week. Supporters say that the expansion is a cost-effective way for our thirsty state to increase its water storage capacity, but not everyone’s convinced it’s worth it. Members of the Winnemem Wintu tribe have historical ties to the land, and don’t want to see their sacred sites destroyed by flooding waters. Environmental groups worry about salmon runs, habitat loss and impacts to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the land surrounding the lake is federal, but some nearby landowners have expressed opposition to enlarging the reservoir. Steve MacNeil owns property in Lakehead, a town near the lake. He says local businesses along the shoreline are concerned that the government might flood their land without adequate compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re talking about all of the permanent fixtures that are all going to have to be moved, relocated, disassembled, torn down,” said MacNeil. “At a cost to who?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation is accepting public comments on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=1915\">draft environmental impact statement\u003c/a> until the end of September. In August the Bureau \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/news/water-supply-challenges/draft-eis-released-impacts-raising-shasta-dam\">plans to announce\u003c/a> another series of public meetings. A final report is scheduled for completion sometime next year. Ultimately the project requires Congressional approval, which, according to the Bureau of Reclamation, is unlikely to happen before 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Water Recycling Comes Of Age In Silicon Valley",
"title": "Water Recycling Comes Of Age In Silicon Valley",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">[gallery type=\"slideshow\" link=\"file\" ids=\"58083,58093,58085,58089,58091,58090,58088\"]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This fall, Santa Clara county residents will get a new source of water. This water is local and pristine. In fact, it's cleaner than almost anything coming out of taps today. But – for now at least – no one will drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, water from the $68 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleywater.org/SVAWPC.aspx\">Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center\u003c/a> will flow into segregated, purple pipes to irrigate lawns and cool power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because the water is recycled from wastewater – sewage – from a wastewater treatment plant across the street. Engineers say it's possible to purify sewage water until it's cleaner than much of what residents drink today. The bigger challenge, they say, is convincing people to drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/10/30/toilet-to-tap-water-recycling-might-be-in-your-future/\">The need\u003c/a> for this new Bay Area plant is well established, says \u003ca href=\"http://urbanwatererc.org/people\">Dick Luthy\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental engineering at \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cem> San Diego’s recycling plan nearly died in 2007 when the mayor uttered the three most dreaded words for this industry: “Toilet to tap.”\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We're basically at the limits of our current water supply,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">California's population will increase in coming years. Climate change will make \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/06/09/forget-this-winter-western-snowpack-shrinking/\">snowmelt from the Sierra Mountains\u003c/a> more erratic. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/05/09/governor-girds-for-battle-over-delta-fix/\">Policy battles\u003c/a> over farms and endangered fish in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">the Delta\u003c/a> mean more competition for less supply. The important thing to realize, says Luthy, is that where we get our water and what we do with it have to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we're realizing now,” he says, “is that the ways of the past are not the ways of the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes online, the plant will produce eight million gallons of purified water a day, using some of the most high-tech water purification systems available today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first step is microfiltration. Canisters filled with spaghetti-like fibers filter out anything larger than one micron – 1/300th of the width of a human hair – including bacteria. Next, high-pressure pumps force water through a reverse osmosis membrane, with pores so small they exclude anything larger than a water molecule, including viruses and traces of pharmaceuticals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the water gets zapped by ultraviolet rays to scramble the DNA of (and therefore sterilize) anything that might be left living in it. “We are removing 99.99 percent of all pathogens,” says Crystal Yezman, an engineer for the Santa Clara Valley Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose's been recycling water for more than a decade, but this water will be much cleaner. Theoretically, says plant spokesman Marty Grimes, you could drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike water from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">the embattled Delta\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/hetch-hetchy-aqueduct-big-fixes-for-big-quakes/\">Hetch Hetchy system\u003c/a>, the supply – sewage – is basically boundless. And, as Grimes points out, local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This water is ours,” he says. “No one can take it away”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58142\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-58142 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"329\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic.jpg 1144w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic-400x481.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic-800x962.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic-960x1155.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Initially, at least, this water will be more expensive than current water sources, like the Delta or underground aquifers. It will also be more expensive than measures to conserve current water supply, like low-flow shower heads or more efficient toilets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But managers expect recycled water costs to fall in the future, as the practice becomes more common, and say that recycled water is much less expensive than other “new” sources of water, such as desalination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, water recycling has been a tough sell here in California. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiego.gov/water/recycled/\">San Diego’s recycling plan\u003c/a> nearly died \u003ca href=\"http://www.10news.com/news/mayor-opposes-toilet-to-tap-water-supply-proposal\">in 2007\u003c/a> when the mayor uttered the three most dreaded words for this industry: “Toilet to tap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago \u003ca href=\"http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/people/bhaddad\">Brent Haddad\u003c/a>, an environmental engineer at UC Santa Cruz, noticed that he kept finding himself at industry meetings listening to water managers complaining about an “irrational” public unwilling to accept perfectly clean, recycled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For more on this, here's a terrific \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/08/16/139642271/why-cleaned-wastewater-stays-dirty-in-our-minds\">NPR story\u003c/a> from a couple years ago.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Haddad conducted a national survey, to try and understand this resistance and what it would take to change it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found it has nothing to do with level of education or any other personal demographic traits, like race, religion or salary,” says Haddad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fear about drinking recycled water, he says, is “a great equalizer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how do you convince the public to embrace recycled water? Haddad says the first step is to explain to people how the water is treated, and why it is safe to drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that process is explaining that Americans have effectively been drinking recycled water for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, cities along the Mississippi or Colorado Rivers. Cities treat their sewage and pump it back into the river. Downstream, other cities suck water from the river, treat it, and pipe it to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any city that gets its water from Colorado river, like Las Vegas and southern California utilities,” says Dave Smith, Managing Director for Water Reuse California. “are getting some of their water supply through incidental potable reuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brent Haddad says another way to reassure customers is to use what he calls “psychological cleansing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to break the memory, the line of history of the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, re-write the history of the water, editing out the part about sewage. One way to do this is to take recycled water and put it back into nature, for instance, a river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That river is something that's comforting to people. We don’t have to think that the water came through a city. We just begin the history of the water in the river itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact California's Department of Public Health, which works with utilities to design water recycling facilities, currently requires this kind of “environmental buffer.” (Though the Department is currently reevaluating \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaprogressreport.com/site/node/7428\">that policy\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An environmental buffer is built into the design of the world's largest water recycling facility, operated by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/content/water-recycling/californias-water-water-recycling-imitates-nature\">Orange County Water District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58107\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/a-toilet-water-fountain.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-58107 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/a-toilet-water-fountain.jpg\" alt=\"A water fountain at San Francisco's Exploratorium challenges people's assumptions about where their water comes from. Photo courtesy of Windell Oskay\" width=\"400\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/a-toilet-water-fountain.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/a-toilet-water-fountain-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A water fountain at San Francisco's Exploratorium challenges people's assumptions about where their water comes from. Photo courtesy of Windell Oskay\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Instead of a river, the county's Groundwater Replenishment System cleans treated sewage, then pumps it into underground aquifers, where it mixes with other water and eventually gets pumped up, re-treated, and piped to peoples’ houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers call these systems “indirect potable reuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We put it back into the ground and then eventually it becomes part of the water supply,” says the district's general manager Michael Markus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markus says getting water clean enough that it can be put back into an aquifer is the easy part. Much more of a challenge, he says, was convincing the public that the water would be safe enough to drink. The district decided on a policy of total transparency, he says, and started planning a series of public meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went to our local state elected officials, the health and medical community, environmental groups, Rotary clubs,” he says. “We talked to the Sons and Daughters of the American Revolution, scouting troops... anyone who would want to hear or receive a presentation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole process took nine years. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocwd.com/ConservationEducation/ToursSpeakersBureau.aspx\">Tours of the facility\u003c/a> are still available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony is that when you put recycled water back into the ecosystem, it actually gets dirtier, and has to be treated again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markus says it's “frustrating” to watch this facility pump pristine water into a hole in the ground. But he realizes that winning people over to recycled water is an ongoing process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That process is farther along in Southern California. In Los Angeles, says Dave Smith, “One-fifth of the population is already getting part of their water supply from indirect potable reuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In West Texas, which faces critical water shortages, at least two recycling facilities skip the “environmental buffer” stage entirely, using advanced purification to treat wastewater and pump it directly to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in Northern California, the process of use and acceptance is just beginning. When the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center opens up in late fall, the pristine water will be destined for golf courses and power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one day, if policies and public opinion change, it could be there for drinking, too.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This fall, Santa Clara county residents will get a new source of water. This water is local and pristine. In fact, it's cleaner than almost anything coming out of taps today. But – for now at least – no one will drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, water from the $68 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleywater.org/SVAWPC.aspx\">Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center\u003c/a> will flow into segregated, purple pipes to irrigate lawns and cool power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because the water is recycled from wastewater – sewage – from a wastewater treatment plant across the street. Engineers say it's possible to purify sewage water until it's cleaner than much of what residents drink today. The bigger challenge, they say, is convincing people to drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/10/30/toilet-to-tap-water-recycling-might-be-in-your-future/\">The need\u003c/a> for this new Bay Area plant is well established, says \u003ca href=\"http://urbanwatererc.org/people\">Dick Luthy\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental engineering at \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cem> San Diego’s recycling plan nearly died in 2007 when the mayor uttered the three most dreaded words for this industry: “Toilet to tap.”\u003c/em>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We're basically at the limits of our current water supply,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">California's population will increase in coming years. Climate change will make \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/06/09/forget-this-winter-western-snowpack-shrinking/\">snowmelt from the Sierra Mountains\u003c/a> more erratic. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/05/09/governor-girds-for-battle-over-delta-fix/\">Policy battles\u003c/a> over farms and endangered fish in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">the Delta\u003c/a> mean more competition for less supply. The important thing to realize, says Luthy, is that where we get our water and what we do with it have to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we're realizing now,” he says, “is that the ways of the past are not the ways of the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes online, the plant will produce eight million gallons of purified water a day, using some of the most high-tech water purification systems available today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first step is microfiltration. Canisters filled with spaghetti-like fibers filter out anything larger than one micron – 1/300th of the width of a human hair – including bacteria. Next, high-pressure pumps force water through a reverse osmosis membrane, with pores so small they exclude anything larger than a water molecule, including viruses and traces of pharmaceuticals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the water gets zapped by ultraviolet rays to scramble the DNA of (and therefore sterilize) anything that might be left living in it. “We are removing 99.99 percent of all pathogens,” says Crystal Yezman, an engineer for the Santa Clara Valley Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose's been recycling water for more than a decade, but this water will be much cleaner. Theoretically, says plant spokesman Marty Grimes, you could drink it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike water from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">the embattled Delta\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/hetch-hetchy-aqueduct-big-fixes-for-big-quakes/\">Hetch Hetchy system\u003c/a>, the supply – sewage – is basically boundless. And, as Grimes points out, local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This water is ours,” he says. “No one can take it away”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58142\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 329px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-58142 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"329\" height=\"397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic.jpg 1144w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic-400x481.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic-800x962.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/recycled_water_graphic-960x1155.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 329px) 100vw, 329px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Initially, at least, this water will be more expensive than current water sources, like the Delta or underground aquifers. It will also be more expensive than measures to conserve current water supply, like low-flow shower heads or more efficient toilets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But managers expect recycled water costs to fall in the future, as the practice becomes more common, and say that recycled water is much less expensive than other “new” sources of water, such as desalination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, water recycling has been a tough sell here in California. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiego.gov/water/recycled/\">San Diego’s recycling plan\u003c/a> nearly died \u003ca href=\"http://www.10news.com/news/mayor-opposes-toilet-to-tap-water-supply-proposal\">in 2007\u003c/a> when the mayor uttered the three most dreaded words for this industry: “Toilet to tap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago \u003ca href=\"http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/people/bhaddad\">Brent Haddad\u003c/a>, an environmental engineer at UC Santa Cruz, noticed that he kept finding himself at industry meetings listening to water managers complaining about an “irrational” public unwilling to accept perfectly clean, recycled water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For more on this, here's a terrific \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/08/16/139642271/why-cleaned-wastewater-stays-dirty-in-our-minds\">NPR story\u003c/a> from a couple years ago.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Haddad conducted a national survey, to try and understand this resistance and what it would take to change it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found it has nothing to do with level of education or any other personal demographic traits, like race, religion or salary,” says Haddad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fear about drinking recycled water, he says, is “a great equalizer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how do you convince the public to embrace recycled water? Haddad says the first step is to explain to people how the water is treated, and why it is safe to drink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that process is explaining that Americans have effectively been drinking recycled water for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, cities along the Mississippi or Colorado Rivers. Cities treat their sewage and pump it back into the river. Downstream, other cities suck water from the river, treat it, and pipe it to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any city that gets its water from Colorado river, like Las Vegas and southern California utilities,” says Dave Smith, Managing Director for Water Reuse California. “are getting some of their water supply through incidental potable reuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brent Haddad says another way to reassure customers is to use what he calls “psychological cleansing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to break the memory, the line of history of the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, re-write the history of the water, editing out the part about sewage. One way to do this is to take recycled water and put it back into nature, for instance, a river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That river is something that's comforting to people. We don’t have to think that the water came through a city. We just begin the history of the water in the river itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact California's Department of Public Health, which works with utilities to design water recycling facilities, currently requires this kind of “environmental buffer.” (Though the Department is currently reevaluating \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaprogressreport.com/site/node/7428\">that policy\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An environmental buffer is built into the design of the world's largest water recycling facility, operated by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/content/water-recycling/californias-water-water-recycling-imitates-nature\">Orange County Water District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_58107\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/a-toilet-water-fountain.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-58107 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/a-toilet-water-fountain.jpg\" alt=\"A water fountain at San Francisco's Exploratorium challenges people's assumptions about where their water comes from. Photo courtesy of Windell Oskay\" width=\"400\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/a-toilet-water-fountain.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/07/a-toilet-water-fountain-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A water fountain at San Francisco's Exploratorium challenges people's assumptions about where their water comes from. Photo courtesy of Windell Oskay\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Instead of a river, the county's Groundwater Replenishment System cleans treated sewage, then pumps it into underground aquifers, where it mixes with other water and eventually gets pumped up, re-treated, and piped to peoples’ houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water managers call these systems “indirect potable reuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We put it back into the ground and then eventually it becomes part of the water supply,” says the district's general manager Michael Markus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markus says getting water clean enough that it can be put back into an aquifer is the easy part. Much more of a challenge, he says, was convincing the public that the water would be safe enough to drink. The district decided on a policy of total transparency, he says, and started planning a series of public meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went to our local state elected officials, the health and medical community, environmental groups, Rotary clubs,” he says. “We talked to the Sons and Daughters of the American Revolution, scouting troops... anyone who would want to hear or receive a presentation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole process took nine years. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocwd.com/ConservationEducation/ToursSpeakersBureau.aspx\">Tours of the facility\u003c/a> are still available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony is that when you put recycled water back into the ecosystem, it actually gets dirtier, and has to be treated again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markus says it's “frustrating” to watch this facility pump pristine water into a hole in the ground. But he realizes that winning people over to recycled water is an ongoing process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That process is farther along in Southern California. In Los Angeles, says Dave Smith, “One-fifth of the population is already getting part of their water supply from indirect potable reuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In West Texas, which faces critical water shortages, at least two recycling facilities skip the “environmental buffer” stage entirely, using advanced purification to treat wastewater and pump it directly to customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in Northern California, the process of use and acceptance is just beginning. When the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center opens up in late fall, the pristine water will be destined for golf courses and power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Submarine Searches For Seismic Clues Beneath Lake Tahoe",
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"content": "\u003cp>On a summer day when the deep-blue water is filled with water-skiers, motorboats and kayaks, it’s hard to think of Lake Tahoe as anything but peaceful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But every four thousand years or so, that changes. Lake Tahoe sits on top of three fault lines. And when an earthquake happens beneath such a deep lake, it causes big problems. The largest fault, the West Tahoe Fault, shifts vertically during quakes. When it shoots up, it pushes up the lake water. Geologist Gordon Seitz explained that during earthquakes the displaced water, “has to flow downhill and generates a wave. And this is a tsunami wave. And that wave, when it hits the shore, is probably on the order of 20, 30 feet high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5754\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/tahoe-sub-2-e1374248384153.jpg\" alt=\"The barge serves as an operating base for the scientists studying Lake Tahoe's faults. (Scott Detrow/KQED)\" width=\"639\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5754\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The barge serves as an operating base for the scientists studying Lake Tahoe’s faults. (Scott Detrow/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Seitz, who works for the California Geological Survey, has been studying Tahoe’s faults since 1999. If he has a bit more urgency than you’d expect for someone studying a once-every-four millennia event, that’s because the last big quake happened, well, about 4,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do I expect it to happen tomorrow? Perhaps not,” Seitz said. “But if it did happen I wouldn’t be completely surprised.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday afternoon, Seitz stood on a barge about 300 yards off the lake’s west shore. The barge is the operating base for a robotic submarine that is spending the week about a thousand feet below the lake’s surface, using high-definition cameras and ultrasound-like technology to examine the West Tahoe Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//instagram.com/p/b6nh4qyte7/embed/\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"612\" height=\"710\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seitz and other researchers have been studying sediment deposits and submerged trees on Tahoe’s shore for years, but these images will yield – he hopes, at least – the best evidence yet of what Tahoe’s last earthquake looked like. “We have a pretty good idea of when that happened right now,” he explained. “This will confirm that, hopefully, but also it will give us a new dimension and tell us more about the magnitude. Did it shift ten feet? Did it shift 20 feet?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, evidence suggests the last quake had a magnitude of 7.1 to 7.4. “Usually, the last earthquake gives you the best picture of what the next earthquake will be doing,” Seitz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tahoe barge is packed with cables, a crane, a generator and even a propane grill. In a metal shed, scientists monitor video feeds from the sub, along with data showing the machine’s depth, along with the temperature, oxygen and saline levels of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tahoe dives are a tune-up for the submarine and its Northern Illinois University crew. Their ultimate destination is Antarctica, where the sub will dive under ice shelves to conduct climate change-related research. So in addition to providing data for California researchers, the crew is working out kinks. Among them: a small leak that left the sub temporarily grounded when reporters visited the barge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly the type of problem that’s easier to fix on a sunny Lake Tahoe day than deep below an Antarctic ice shelf.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a summer day when the deep-blue water is filled with water-skiers, motorboats and kayaks, it’s hard to think of Lake Tahoe as anything but peaceful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But every four thousand years or so, that changes. Lake Tahoe sits on top of three fault lines. And when an earthquake happens beneath such a deep lake, it causes big problems. The largest fault, the West Tahoe Fault, shifts vertically during quakes. When it shoots up, it pushes up the lake water. Geologist Gordon Seitz explained that during earthquakes the displaced water, “has to flow downhill and generates a wave. And this is a tsunami wave. And that wave, when it hits the shore, is probably on the order of 20, 30 feet high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5754\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/tahoe-sub-2-e1374248384153.jpg\" alt=\"The barge serves as an operating base for the scientists studying Lake Tahoe's faults. (Scott Detrow/KQED)\" width=\"639\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5754\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The barge serves as an operating base for the scientists studying Lake Tahoe’s faults. (Scott Detrow/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Seitz, who works for the California Geological Survey, has been studying Tahoe’s faults since 1999. If he has a bit more urgency than you’d expect for someone studying a once-every-four millennia event, that’s because the last big quake happened, well, about 4,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do I expect it to happen tomorrow? Perhaps not,” Seitz said. “But if it did happen I wouldn’t be completely surprised.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday afternoon, Seitz stood on a barge about 300 yards off the lake’s west shore. The barge is the operating base for a robotic submarine that is spending the week about a thousand feet below the lake’s surface, using high-definition cameras and ultrasound-like technology to examine the West Tahoe Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: \u003c/strong>Plan Bay Area was approved just after midnight Friday morning by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission and the Association of Bay Area Governments. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regional planners are voting on a new land use plan for the Bay Area on Thursday evening. \u003ca href=\"http://onebayarea.org/regional-initiatives/plan-bay-area.html\">Plan Bay Area\u003c/a>, as it’s known, is designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions 15 percent per capita over the next 20 years by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/29/95579/\">focusing development in zones\u003c/a> close to downtown areas and transit hubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/traffic-16x9-e1374175950106.jpg\" alt=\"The plan aims to cut down on traffic by improving options for taking transit or walking. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5714\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The plan aims to cut down on traffic by improving options for taking transit or walking. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plan has faced opposition from several regional community groups, who object to some of the proposed growth zones, called “Priority Development Areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people still want a single family home,” says Susan Kirsch of Citizen Marin, a Marin County group. “Many of us believe we don’t need to go to the four, five and six story building with the level of density that they’re proposing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County and city governments would retain control over land use decisions, but jurisdictions that adopt the plan’s goals would receive prioritized funding through the One Bay Area grant program. It provides $14 billion over the next several decades for transportation projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really sets a broad tone for where do we want our region to head,” says Stephanie Reyes of the Greenbelt Alliance. “Plan Bay Area makes a very bold statement that the Bay Area is done with sprawl.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Priority Development Areas under Plan Bay Area:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col11+from+1SpdnZntbc_gMzJoNe96Qwv6pnw6AntwWT0PEAZ8&h=false&lat=37.80686032250714&lng=-122.0846837548828&z=9&t=1&l=col11&y=2&tmplt=2\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan is the result of SB 375, a bill passed in 2008 requiring regional agencies to help meet California’s climate change goals through land use and transit planning. The Bay Area is expected to grow by 2 million people by 2040 and even under the plan, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/07/16/103764/\">greenhouse gas emissions are expected to rise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Metropolitan Transpiration Commission and the Association of Bay Area Governments will \u003ca href=\"http://onebayarea.org/regional-initiatives/plan-bay-area/meetings-events/Public-Workshops-Public-Hearings.html?l2=meet_events&byid=10131\">vote on the plan Thursday night at 6:30pm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: \u003c/strong>Plan Bay Area was approved just after midnight Friday morning by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission and the Association of Bay Area Governments. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regional planners are voting on a new land use plan for the Bay Area on Thursday evening. \u003ca href=\"http://onebayarea.org/regional-initiatives/plan-bay-area.html\">Plan Bay Area\u003c/a>, as it’s known, is designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions 15 percent per capita over the next 20 years by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/29/95579/\">focusing development in zones\u003c/a> close to downtown areas and transit hubs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/traffic-16x9-e1374175950106.jpg\" alt=\"The plan aims to cut down on traffic by improving options for taking transit or walking. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5714\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The plan aims to cut down on traffic by improving options for taking transit or walking. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plan has faced opposition from several regional community groups, who object to some of the proposed growth zones, called “Priority Development Areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most people still want a single family home,” says Susan Kirsch of Citizen Marin, a Marin County group. “Many of us believe we don’t need to go to the four, five and six story building with the level of density that they’re proposing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County and city governments would retain control over land use decisions, but jurisdictions that adopt the plan’s goals would receive prioritized funding through the One Bay Area grant program. It provides $14 billion over the next several decades for transportation projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really sets a broad tone for where do we want our region to head,” says Stephanie Reyes of the Greenbelt Alliance. “Plan Bay Area makes a very bold statement that the Bay Area is done with sprawl.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Priority Development Areas under Plan Bay Area:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/fusiontables/embedviz?viz=MAP&q=select+col11+from+1SpdnZntbc_gMzJoNe96Qwv6pnw6AntwWT0PEAZ8&h=false&lat=37.80686032250714&lng=-122.0846837548828&z=9&t=1&l=col11&y=2&tmplt=2\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"600\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan is the result of SB 375, a bill passed in 2008 requiring regional agencies to help meet California’s climate change goals through land use and transit planning. The Bay Area is expected to grow by 2 million people by 2040 and even under the plan, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/07/16/103764/\">greenhouse gas emissions are expected to rise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Metropolitan Transpiration Commission and the Association of Bay Area Governments will \u003ca href=\"http://onebayarea.org/regional-initiatives/plan-bay-area/meetings-events/Public-Workshops-Public-Hearings.html?l2=meet_events&byid=10131\">vote on the plan Thursday night at 6:30pm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5662\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 307px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5662 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/RS4862_DrakesBayOysterHarvest20121204-16x9-e1374017457302.jpg\" alt=\"Drakes Bay Oyster Company farms oysters at Point Reyes National Seashore. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"307\" height=\"173\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drakes Bay Oyster Company farms oysters at Point Reyes National Seashore. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The embattled \u003ca href=\"http://www.drakesbayoyster.com/#\">Drakes Bay Oyster Company\u003c/a> is facing a new challenge to its operations at Point Reyes National Seashore. The Sebastopol-based environmental group \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncriverwatch.org/index.php\">California River Watch \u003c/a>says that the oyster farm is polluting the waterway known as Drakes Estero, and is threatening to sue the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/RiverWatch_notice_to_DBOC__CWA_Violations_Notice_Ltr_06-24-13.pdf\">notice from California River Watch\u003c/a> warning the seafood company that it intends to file suit claims that the latter has violated the Clean Water Act:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Materials from operations at the oyster shucking and shellfish packing facility\u003cbr>\ncontaining biological waste such as shells, shellfish parts, unwanted shellfish and other pollutants such as bleach, ammonia, other cleaning solutions, as well as packaging wastes (plastic and paper), discharge from an outfall pipe directly into Drakes Estero.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Kevin Lunny, owner of the oyster company, counters that the threatened suit amounts to a shakedown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are no pollutants,” he claims. “The discharges that they’re talking about? From our shucking and packing operation? That all goes into a septic tank and into a septic system that’s pumped over the hill and disposed of under ground into a septic system. None of that meets receiving waters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lunny says he’s consulting with attorneys to figure out his next steps. Meanwhile, the oyster company is embroiled in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/14/oyster-farm/\">another legal fray\u003c/a>, over whether it can continue operating at all. A federal appeals court is currently considering that case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "As World's Largest Solar Thermal Plant Opens, California Looks to End Solar Wars",
"headTitle": "As World’s Largest Solar Thermal Plant Opens, California Looks to End Solar Wars | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/07/2013-07-15-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"slideshow\" link=\"file\" ids=\"5477,5479,5480,5478,5482,5481,5484\" width=\"640\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few weeks, the largest solar plant of its kind in the world will start producing power in California’s Mojave Desert. The \u003ca href=\"http://ivanpahsolar.com/\">Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System\u003c/a> will supply both Northern and Southern California, inching the state one step closer to its ambitious renewable energy goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like many of the large solar projects being built in the Mojave, Ivanpah ran into delays and controversy over its environmental impact. Now, in an effort to streamline the process, state officials are trying to broker an agreement between conservation groups and solar companies on a path forward for renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivanpah doesn’t use the solar technology most of us think of – those dark, silicon panels sitting on rooftops. The project harnesses the sun’s heat, reflecting off a field of 170,000 mirrors. They shimmer across a dry, dusty valley about five miles away from the California-Nevada state line, surrounding three 400-foot concrete towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can keep the sun’s energy – the rays of the sun – targeted back to the solar tower,” said Dave Beaudoin, construction manager for the $2.2 billion project, originally developed by Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.brightsourceenergy.com/\">BrightSource Energy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The garage door-sized mirrors focus the heat on giant boilers on top of the towers, where water turns into steam. That steam powers a turbine that generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is definitely cutting-edge,” Beaudoin said. “It’s nothing I’ve ever done before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/solar_power_640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5532\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-5532\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/solar_power_640.jpg\" alt=\"solar_power_640\" width=\"640\" height=\"343\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivanpah will supply about 140,000 homes in Pacific Gas & Electric and Southern California Edison territories when it comes fully online by the end of the year. But getting to that finish line has been a rough road for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took several years to get permits from almost a dozen state, federal and local agencies. The project became political fodder after getting a $1.6 billion federal loan guarantee, like the bankrupt solar company Solyndra. And then there’s the desert tortoise – the controversy that’s made Ivanpah famous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t have gray hairs before this project,” said Doug Davis, senior compliance manager for the project. Davis is looking at large mesh enclosures outside the field of mirrors, what he calls “Tortoise Head Start.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Head Start facility is mainly for the small guys,” Davis said. “Their shells are very soft, so very susceptible to ravens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5585\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/IMG_1505.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5585\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/IMG_1505.jpg\" alt=\"A desert tortoise in the Mojave Desert. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"350\" height=\"241\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A desert tortoise in the Mojave Desert. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desert tortoises are a threatened species, so BrightSource relocates the ones found on the construction site. Young tortoises are held until they’re big enough to release. Several dozen adults have been moved offsite and are tracked with radio tags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BrightSource planned on finding just 35 desert tortoises when the project began, but came up with five times that number. That meant shutting down construction and doing another biological survey. “Almost every foot of our 3,500-acres, approximately, has been covered by a biologist at least ten times,” Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relocation program has come at a cost: $55,000 per tortoise. It’s been watched closely by critics like Ileene Anderson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/index.html\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>, one of the groups concerned over the loss of desert habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a big fan of the super-large projects,” she said. Utilities were on the hunt for large renewable energy contracts after California set a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/03/29/ca-moves-forward-with-renewable-goals/\">goal of getting 33 percent\u003c/a> of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020. There was a rush to get big solar farms underway to meet the Department of Energy’s loan guarantee program deadlines. In addition to Ivanpah, six other major solar projects are expected to open in California over the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the projects when they were first proposed and we would see the application, see where the map was, it was like ‘oh no, this is going to be a nightmare project,” said Anderson. “Put it on previously disturbed lands where there’s very few conflicts because the landscape has already been impacted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other environmental groups raised concerns from another perspective: climate change, something that could harm desert wildlife in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you care about desert tortoises, you better care about climate change,” said Carl Zichella of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “Without some large scale renewable energy projects we do not hit our climate goals. We do not replace fossil fuels with clean energy in this country. It just does not happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if we paved the whole California desert with solar plants, it’s not going to save the planet,” Anderson responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/ivanpah_map_400/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5531\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-5531\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/ivanpah_map_400.jpg\" alt=\"ivanpah_map_400\" width=\"400\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These differing views sparked a “green vs. green” debate between those who wanted to file lawsuits to stop projects and those who didn’t want to see solar developers driven away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it has been tough,” Zichella said. “It’s been personally painful. We are very good at stopping things. We aren’t very good at building things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In end, with the threat of lawsuits in the air, environmental groups negotiated with BrightSource and other developers to set aside nature preserves in the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to stem the conflict, California is trying to forge a smoother path for future projects through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.drecp.org/\">Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The idea is to divvy up the desert into zones suitable for renewable energy development and conservation areas that are off-limits. Solar developers, counties, conservation groups and federal and state agencies are hashing out the comprehensive plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Douglas of the California Energy Commission says it’s unusual to see all sides working together. “There is never any perfect consensus,” she said. “But we’ve got an opportunity with this partnership to put in place what we really think of as the ‘greenprint’ that will help us conserve our desert resources not only in the face of development but in the face of climate change.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m cautiously optimistic,” said Anderson. “Are they covering the right species in the plan and is it implementable? All those things are still to be determined.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Western states have run into similar problems and are watching California’s effort. A full draft of the plan’s environmental review is expected this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Photos: Lauren Sommer, Josh Cassidy, Gabriela Quiros/KQED\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "After controversy over a threatened species delayed several large solar projects, state officials are trying to broker an agreement between conservation groups and solar companies on a path forward for renewable energy.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few weeks, the largest solar plant of its kind in the world will start producing power in California’s Mojave Desert. The \u003ca href=\"http://ivanpahsolar.com/\">Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System\u003c/a> will supply both Northern and Southern California, inching the state one step closer to its ambitious renewable energy goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like many of the large solar projects being built in the Mojave, Ivanpah ran into delays and controversy over its environmental impact. Now, in an effort to streamline the process, state officials are trying to broker an agreement between conservation groups and solar companies on a path forward for renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivanpah doesn’t use the solar technology most of us think of – those dark, silicon panels sitting on rooftops. The project harnesses the sun’s heat, reflecting off a field of 170,000 mirrors. They shimmer across a dry, dusty valley about five miles away from the California-Nevada state line, surrounding three 400-foot concrete towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can keep the sun’s energy – the rays of the sun – targeted back to the solar tower,” said Dave Beaudoin, construction manager for the $2.2 billion project, originally developed by Oakland-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.brightsourceenergy.com/\">BrightSource Energy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The garage door-sized mirrors focus the heat on giant boilers on top of the towers, where water turns into steam. That steam powers a turbine that generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is definitely cutting-edge,” Beaudoin said. “It’s nothing I’ve ever done before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/solar_power_640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5532\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-5532\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/solar_power_640.jpg\" alt=\"solar_power_640\" width=\"640\" height=\"343\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivanpah will supply about 140,000 homes in Pacific Gas & Electric and Southern California Edison territories when it comes fully online by the end of the year. But getting to that finish line has been a rough road for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took several years to get permits from almost a dozen state, federal and local agencies. The project became political fodder after getting a $1.6 billion federal loan guarantee, like the bankrupt solar company Solyndra. And then there’s the desert tortoise – the controversy that’s made Ivanpah famous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t have gray hairs before this project,” said Doug Davis, senior compliance manager for the project. Davis is looking at large mesh enclosures outside the field of mirrors, what he calls “Tortoise Head Start.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Head Start facility is mainly for the small guys,” Davis said. “Their shells are very soft, so very susceptible to ravens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5585\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/IMG_1505.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5585\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/IMG_1505.jpg\" alt=\"A desert tortoise in the Mojave Desert. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"350\" height=\"241\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A desert tortoise in the Mojave Desert. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desert tortoises are a threatened species, so BrightSource relocates the ones found on the construction site. Young tortoises are held until they’re big enough to release. Several dozen adults have been moved offsite and are tracked with radio tags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BrightSource planned on finding just 35 desert tortoises when the project began, but came up with five times that number. That meant shutting down construction and doing another biological survey. “Almost every foot of our 3,500-acres, approximately, has been covered by a biologist at least ten times,” Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relocation program has come at a cost: $55,000 per tortoise. It’s been watched closely by critics like Ileene Anderson of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/index.html\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>, one of the groups concerned over the loss of desert habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not a big fan of the super-large projects,” she said. Utilities were on the hunt for large renewable energy contracts after California set a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2011/03/29/ca-moves-forward-with-renewable-goals/\">goal of getting 33 percent\u003c/a> of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020. There was a rush to get big solar farms underway to meet the Department of Energy’s loan guarantee program deadlines. In addition to Ivanpah, six other major solar projects are expected to open in California over the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the projects when they were first proposed and we would see the application, see where the map was, it was like ‘oh no, this is going to be a nightmare project,” said Anderson. “Put it on previously disturbed lands where there’s very few conflicts because the landscape has already been impacted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other environmental groups raised concerns from another perspective: climate change, something that could harm desert wildlife in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you care about desert tortoises, you better care about climate change,” said Carl Zichella of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “Without some large scale renewable energy projects we do not hit our climate goals. We do not replace fossil fuels with clean energy in this country. It just does not happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if we paved the whole California desert with solar plants, it’s not going to save the planet,” Anderson responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/as-worlds-largest-solar-thermal-plant-opens-california-looks-to-end-solar-wars/ivanpah_map_400/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5531\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-5531\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/ivanpah_map_400.jpg\" alt=\"ivanpah_map_400\" width=\"400\" height=\"358\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These differing views sparked a “green vs. green” debate between those who wanted to file lawsuits to stop projects and those who didn’t want to see solar developers driven away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it has been tough,” Zichella said. “It’s been personally painful. We are very good at stopping things. We aren’t very good at building things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In end, with the threat of lawsuits in the air, environmental groups negotiated with BrightSource and other developers to set aside nature preserves in the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to stem the conflict, California is trying to forge a smoother path for future projects through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.drecp.org/\">Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The idea is to divvy up the desert into zones suitable for renewable energy development and conservation areas that are off-limits. 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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"meta": {
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
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