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"title": "Air Travel: Why that Sardine Can of a Coach Section Could Save You",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5317\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 634px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/IMG_0391.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5317\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5317\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/IMG_0391.jpg\" alt=\"For safety, most airliners rely on the seat in front of you, as well as your seat belt. (Photo: Craig Miller)\" width=\"634\" height=\"359\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For safety, most airliners rely on the seat in front of you, as well as your seat belt. (Photo: Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/us/2013/07/07/nr-sf-plane-crash-survivor-eugene-rah.cnn.html\">video \u003c/a>posted by CNN on Sunday, passenger Eugene Rah credits his survival to something most coach passengers don’t have much familiarity with: a three-point seat belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been in cars since the 1960s. But they’re still a rare sight on airliners unless you’re in business-or-first class, like Eugene Rah was on Asiana Flight 214.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Luckily the seat I was sitting [in] it has one more strap coming across my chest, in addition to the one going around the waist, because it was a sleeper seat,” Rah told CNN. “If I did not have that, I’d have hit the ceiling. That’s how hard the impact was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s this? First-class passengers get better, safer seat-belts than coach passengers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforappliedbiomechanics.org/index.php/people/faculty/37-researchers/42-robert-salzar\">Robert Salzar\u003c/a>, a scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia, it’s a little more complicated than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salzar says in order to pass FAA regulations, airplane seats undergo crash tests, just as cars do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re a seat manufacturer, you design a seat and you have to get the seat certified by the FAA. And that involves placing a 50-percentile male crash test dummy in the seat and subjecting it to a frontal collision of a certain intensity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manufacturers have to show that something restrains the dummy from hitting his head on his knees, or something else in his vicinity. In coach, that’s what the seat in front of you does.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Inside the cabin, it would have felt like a “bad roller coaster ride.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a big impact, says Salzar, “your body pivots forward at the hip, and your face or your head is going impact the seat in front of you. And that seat is actually going to support your head and your neck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with a built-in screen or a phone, says Salzar, the surface of that seat-back is still pretty soft. It can save your life (or your back).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But up in first class, there’s a lot more space: room to stretch your legs, open a newspaper–and get seriously hurt in the event of a sudden jolt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing’s gonna support your head,” Salzar says. That’s why some airlines have added three-point harness systems, like those in your car, to first-class and bulkhead seats, he explained. “That makes up for the impact you’d normally get from the seat in front of you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in coach, that lap belt should keep you from flying out of your seat. But you’ve got to wear it the right way, which is why flight crews are always reminding us: “low and tight across your lap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Asiana214_int_NTSB.jpeg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5395\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Asiana214_int_NTSB.jpeg\" alt=\"The jumble of seats and deployed oxygen masks on board the crashed Asiana flight 214. (Photo: NTSB)\" width=\"600\" height=\"363\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The jumble of seats and deployed oxygen masks on board the crashed Asiana flight 214. (Photo: NTSB)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If your seat belt is high and riding on soft tissue of your abdomen and not across your pelvic girdle,” says Salzar, “you run the risk of abdominal injury.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abdominal injuries are among those suffered by survivors of the Asiana crash. So are spinal cord injuries and fractures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salzar says it’s way too early to speculate what could have caused the injuries passengers sustained in the Asiana crash. But it’s possible that the type of impact was beyond what most airplane seats are designed to handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the video,” Salzar points out, the plane “managed to do a 360-degree spin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says inside the cabin, it would have felt like a “bad roller coaster ride.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re going to have your neck wrenched around pretty bad. So you could have some lateral rolling, some torque on your spine. It’s going to be a fairly violent event. And that’s not what these seats are designed to protect against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Asiana 777 was delivered in 2006. Newer planes, built after 2009, must have seats that can withstand greater impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet that standard, some manufacturers have added airbags to lap belts. And some are looking into what it would take to install three-point belt systems in coach seats, too.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salzar says in order to pass FAA regulations, airplane seats undergo crash tests, just as cars do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re a seat manufacturer, you design a seat and you have to get the seat certified by the FAA. And that involves placing a 50-percentile male crash test dummy in the seat and subjecting it to a frontal collision of a certain intensity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manufacturers have to show that something restrains the dummy from hitting his head on his knees, or something else in his vicinity. In coach, that’s what the seat in front of you does.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Inside the cabin, it would have felt like a “bad roller coaster ride.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a big impact, says Salzar, “your body pivots forward at the hip, and your face or your head is going impact the seat in front of you. And that seat is actually going to support your head and your neck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with a built-in screen or a phone, says Salzar, the surface of that seat-back is still pretty soft. It can save your life (or your back).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But up in first class, there’s a lot more space: room to stretch your legs, open a newspaper–and get seriously hurt in the event of a sudden jolt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing’s gonna support your head,” Salzar says. That’s why some airlines have added three-point harness systems, like those in your car, to first-class and bulkhead seats, he explained. “That makes up for the impact you’d normally get from the seat in front of you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in coach, that lap belt should keep you from flying out of your seat. But you’ve got to wear it the right way, which is why flight crews are always reminding us: “low and tight across your lap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_5395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Asiana214_int_NTSB.jpeg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5395\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-5395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/Asiana214_int_NTSB.jpeg\" alt=\"The jumble of seats and deployed oxygen masks on board the crashed Asiana flight 214. (Photo: NTSB)\" width=\"600\" height=\"363\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The jumble of seats and deployed oxygen masks on board the crashed Asiana flight 214. (Photo: NTSB)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If your seat belt is high and riding on soft tissue of your abdomen and not across your pelvic girdle,” says Salzar, “you run the risk of abdominal injury.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abdominal injuries are among those suffered by survivors of the Asiana crash. So are spinal cord injuries and fractures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salzar says it’s way too early to speculate what could have caused the injuries passengers sustained in the Asiana crash. But it’s possible that the type of impact was beyond what most airplane seats are designed to handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the video,” Salzar points out, the plane “managed to do a 360-degree spin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says inside the cabin, it would have felt like a “bad roller coaster ride.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re going to have your neck wrenched around pretty bad. So you could have some lateral rolling, some torque on your spine. It’s going to be a fairly violent event. And that’s not what these seats are designed to protect against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Asiana 777 was delivered in 2006. Newer planes, built after 2009, must have seats that can withstand greater impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet that standard, some manufacturers have added airbags to lap belts. And some are looking into what it would take to install three-point belt systems in coach seats, too.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Who Profits from Proposition 65? (Part Two)",
"headTitle": "Who Profits from Proposition 65? (Part Two) | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/07/2013-07-08-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read Part One of this series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento this month, lawmakers are considering sweeping changes to a landmark state environmental law. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65/background/p65plain.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, passed by California voters in 1986, requires warning labels on any product, sold in the state, that’s known to contain a chemical that can cause cancer or reproductive harm. It’s the reason for those those placards you see on public buildings, warning about possible exposures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/warning-4x3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5007\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/warning-4x3.jpg\" alt=\"warning-4x3\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5007\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law has \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">helped reduce toxic chemicals\u003c/a> in thousands of products. But critics complain it is also making too much money for a small group of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some businesses, the first introduction to Prop. 65 is the arrival of a “\u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/prop65/add-60-day-notice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60-day notice\u003c/a>,” informing them that they are in violation of Prop. 65 and in danger of being sued. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened to Bette and Manfred Kroening, who own Bette’s Oceanview Diner in Berkeley. In 2006, they received a \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-day-notice-search-results?field_prop65_report_year_value=&field_prop65_id_value=&field_prop65_plaintiff_value=&field_prop65_defendant_value=bette%27s&date_filter%5Bmin%5D%5Bdate%5D=&date_filter%5Bmax%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_prop65_product_value=&sort_by=field_prop65_id_value&sort_order=DESC&items_per_page=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60-day notice\u003c/a> saying that small amounts of lead had been detected on bottles of Original Nehi Grape soda the diner served. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By law, the diner should should had a Prop. 65 sign posted, warning customers about the lead, the letter said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bette Kroening noticed a name on the letter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw this name Whitney Leeman all over the place and that this was a person involved up and down California, I felt, looking for opportunities to find people like us to make some money. That’s what I thought.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroening had stumbled onto a small and little-known subculture of people who have a special relationship to Proposition 65. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re called \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">private enforcers\u003c/a>, and they send out letters like the one Bette received to dozens of businesses a year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the business and private enforcer reach a settlement, the business owner typically does three things: put up a Prop. 65 sign or remove the toxic chemical, pay the enforcer’s attorney fees and costs and also pay a civil penalty. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of that penalty, 75 percent goes to the state, and 25 percent goes to the private enforcer. For the most active private enforcers, this work \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/prop65/Alpert_Report2012.pdf?\">can top\u003c/a> $100,000 in a year, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state database\u003c/a>, run by the Attorney General’s office, which tracks all Proposition 65 cases. Typically, a much larger amount goes to the law firm that represents the private enforcer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Cliff Chanler heads \u003ca href=\"https://www.chanler.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Chanler Group\u003c/a>, a Berkeley law firm that represents some of the most active private enforcers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.chanler.com/prop-65\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prop. 65\u003c/a> has been “more than a majority of our firm’s case load,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-two/attachment/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5191\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/attachment.jpg\" alt=\"attachment\" width=\"1300\" height=\"1076\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5191\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler says the Bette’s Diner incident was part of a larger and successful case against the Dr. Pepper Bottling Company of West Jefferson. And in the end, Bette didn’t have to pay a fine. “We settled with Dr. Pepper, achieving a great public benefit, raising $1,000,000 [for the state, in penalties] and releasing Bette’s Diner of all liability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, Chanler received\u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/prop65/Chanler_51107_letter.pdf?\"> a letter \u003c/a>from the Attorney General’s office, expressing concern over how such cases had been handled. “Your clients have collected significant sums of money from businesses that have little or no liability for past violations, and an amount of attorney fees that appears to exceed a reasonable amount,” the letter read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Says Chanler, “we fight the good fight against people who have a lot of resources and have put millions of millions of different items on the marketplace without alerting the consumer so they can make a choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fighting the good fight can be pretty lucrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the California Attorney General’s public database, Chanler’s firm has collected millions of dollars working on Prop. 65 cases over the years. His clients, like Whitney Leeman, can make hundreds of thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s red meat to critics of Prop 65, such as John Coupal, president of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly they’ve set up a cottage industry,” says Coupal. “You have a law that’s essentially been rendered meaningless except for those who are able to engage the judicial process to make themselves a very good living.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wanted to learn more about private enforcers and what motivates them. I started with Whitney Leeman, who sent the letter to Bette’s Diner seven years ago\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the state database, Leeman’s filed \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-day-notice-search-results?field_prop65_report_year_value=&field_prop65_id_value=&field_prop65_plaintiff_value=leeman&field_prop65_defendant_value=&date_filter%5Bmin%5D%5Bdate%5D=&date_filter%5Bmax%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_prop65_product_value=&sort_by=field_prop65_id_value&sort_order=DESC&items_per_page=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">232 notices\u003c/a> to businesses across California. She’s gone after pthalates in \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-Day-Notice-2013-00567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greeting cards\u003c/a>, carcinogens such as benzoanthracenes in \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-Day-Notice-2012-00684\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grilled hamburger\u003c/a>s and lead in \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-Day-Notice-2008-00061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eye shadow\u003c/a>. This work has netted her somewhere in the neighborhood of three hundred and fifty thousand dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leeman also works for the California Air Resources Board, a state agency that regulates air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn’t sit well with John Coupal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s out there on the one hand working for the regulatory agency, but also pursuing a personal agenda,” says Coupal. “So it does strike me as presenting a pretty clear conflict of interest.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leeman declined to be interviewed. But in response to our questions, Chanler sent an email with Leeman’s “thoughts as interpreted and conveyed by me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The email said there’s no conflict of interest that Leeman’s aware of. She does her Prop. 65 work outside of office hours, and the work hasn’t involved air quality issues. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tried to speak to another of Chanler’s clients: Russell Brimer. According to the state database, Brimer has sent out \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-day-notice-search-results?field_prop65_report_year_value=&field_prop65_id_value=&field_prop65_plaintiff_value=Brimer&field_prop65_defendant_value=&date_filter%5Bmin%5D%5Bdate%5D=&date_filter%5Bmax%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_prop65_product_value=&sort_by=field_prop65_id_value&sort_order=DESC&items_per_page=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,057\u003c/a> notices since 2004 and earned at least $600,000 in that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler said Brimer didn’t want to be interviewed, adding that Brimer is 41, lives in Emeryville, and works as a private investigator and security guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler set up a conference call with another of his clients: Anthony Held, who has a PhD in environmental engineering from UC Davis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My motivation in this field,” said Held, “is to identify and reduce the source of environmental pollutants and the harm that can come from them.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the database, Held has filed \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-day-notice-search-results?field_prop65_report_year_value=&field_prop65_id_value=&field_prop65_plaintiff_value=Held&field_prop65_defendant_value=&date_filter%5Bmin%5D%5Bdate%5D=&date_filter%5Bmax%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_prop65_product_value=&sort_by=field_prop65_id_value&sort_order=DESC&items_per_page=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">720 cases\u003c/a> and earned at least half a million dollars. Held says he’s proud of the work he’s done. \u003cbr>\n \u003cbr>\n“As to whether people would indicate ulterior motives, I think that could be said of any profession,” Held told me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private enforcers are “possibly an efficient form of enforcement,” says David Engstrom, an associate professor at Stanford Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there are two ways a law like Prop 65 could have been written. One, establish an office of government prosecutors to enforce it. But often, Engstrom says, they drop the ball. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Government regulators may be too lax,” he says. “Prosecutors [may] be unwilling to bring cases that it would be good for society to have brought.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves the option number two, the private sector, including advocacy groups and private individuals like Russell Brimer and lawyers like Cliff Chanler. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engstrom says the risk here is too much enforcement: too many suits, including some that may not be in the public interest. This is “just throwing spaghetti at the wall and hoping something will stick,” as Engstrom describes it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer in Sacramento, lawmakers say they’re looking for a happy medium. One bill, AB 227, sponsored by Democratic Assemblyman Mike Gatto from Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.asmdc.org/members/a43/press-releases/mike-gatto-s-bill-to-protect-small-businesses-unanimously-passes-assembly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">passed the State Assembly\u003c/a> 71-0 in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB227 would give certain businesses, including restaurants, a 14-day grace period to put up a sign and avoid big penalties and attorneys fees. That would mean less money for citizen enforcers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">broader proposal\u003c/a> from Governor Jerry Brown would, among other things, cap attorney’s fees to make Prop 65 less lucrative for lawyers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal: Not too much enforcement, not too little, just about right.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Proposition 65 is enforced by, among others, a small and little-known subculture of \"private enforcers,\" and their attorneys who profit from settlements with businesses found to be in violation of the law. Critics call it a \"cottage industry;\" others say it's an efficient way to protect consumers from toxic chemicals. \r\n",
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"description": "Proposition 65 is enforced by, among others, a small and little-known subculture of "private enforcers," and their attorneys who profit from settlements with businesses found to be in violation of the law. Critics call it a "cottage industry;" others say it's an efficient way to protect consumers from toxic chemicals. \r\n",
"title": "Who Profits from Proposition 65? (Part Two) | KQED",
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"headline": "Who Profits from Proposition 65? (Part Two)",
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"slug": "who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-two",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/07/2013-07-08-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read Part One of this series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">here\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sacramento this month, lawmakers are considering sweeping changes to a landmark state environmental law. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/prop65/background/p65plain.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, passed by California voters in 1986, requires warning labels on any product, sold in the state, that’s known to contain a chemical that can cause cancer or reproductive harm. It’s the reason for those those placards you see on public buildings, warning about possible exposures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/warning-4x3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5007\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/warning-4x3.jpg\" alt=\"warning-4x3\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5007\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law has \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-one/\">helped reduce toxic chemicals\u003c/a> in thousands of products. But critics complain it is also making too much money for a small group of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some businesses, the first introduction to Prop. 65 is the arrival of a “\u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/prop65/add-60-day-notice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60-day notice\u003c/a>,” informing them that they are in violation of Prop. 65 and in danger of being sued. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened to Bette and Manfred Kroening, who own Bette’s Oceanview Diner in Berkeley. In 2006, they received a \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-day-notice-search-results?field_prop65_report_year_value=&field_prop65_id_value=&field_prop65_plaintiff_value=&field_prop65_defendant_value=bette%27s&date_filter%5Bmin%5D%5Bdate%5D=&date_filter%5Bmax%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_prop65_product_value=&sort_by=field_prop65_id_value&sort_order=DESC&items_per_page=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60-day notice\u003c/a> saying that small amounts of lead had been detected on bottles of Original Nehi Grape soda the diner served. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By law, the diner should should had a Prop. 65 sign posted, warning customers about the lead, the letter said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bette Kroening noticed a name on the letter. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw this name Whitney Leeman all over the place and that this was a person involved up and down California, I felt, looking for opportunities to find people like us to make some money. That’s what I thought.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroening had stumbled onto a small and little-known subculture of people who have a special relationship to Proposition 65. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re called \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">private enforcers\u003c/a>, and they send out letters like the one Bette received to dozens of businesses a year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the business and private enforcer reach a settlement, the business owner typically does three things: put up a Prop. 65 sign or remove the toxic chemical, pay the enforcer’s attorney fees and costs and also pay a civil penalty. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of that penalty, 75 percent goes to the state, and 25 percent goes to the private enforcer. For the most active private enforcers, this work \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/prop65/Alpert_Report2012.pdf?\">can top\u003c/a> $100,000 in a year, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state database\u003c/a>, run by the Attorney General’s office, which tracks all Proposition 65 cases. Typically, a much larger amount goes to the law firm that represents the private enforcer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Cliff Chanler heads \u003ca href=\"https://www.chanler.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Chanler Group\u003c/a>, a Berkeley law firm that represents some of the most active private enforcers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.chanler.com/prop-65\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prop. 65\u003c/a> has been “more than a majority of our firm’s case load,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/who-profits-from-proposition-65-part-two/attachment/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-5191\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/attachment.jpg\" alt=\"attachment\" width=\"1300\" height=\"1076\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-5191\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler says the Bette’s Diner incident was part of a larger and successful case against the Dr. Pepper Bottling Company of West Jefferson. And in the end, Bette didn’t have to pay a fine. “We settled with Dr. Pepper, achieving a great public benefit, raising $1,000,000 [for the state, in penalties] and releasing Bette’s Diner of all liability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, Chanler received\u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/prop65/Chanler_51107_letter.pdf?\"> a letter \u003c/a>from the Attorney General’s office, expressing concern over how such cases had been handled. “Your clients have collected significant sums of money from businesses that have little or no liability for past violations, and an amount of attorney fees that appears to exceed a reasonable amount,” the letter read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Says Chanler, “we fight the good fight against people who have a lot of resources and have put millions of millions of different items on the marketplace without alerting the consumer so they can make a choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fighting the good fight can be pretty lucrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the California Attorney General’s public database, Chanler’s firm has collected millions of dollars working on Prop. 65 cases over the years. His clients, like Whitney Leeman, can make hundreds of thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s red meat to critics of Prop 65, such as John Coupal, president of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly they’ve set up a cottage industry,” says Coupal. “You have a law that’s essentially been rendered meaningless except for those who are able to engage the judicial process to make themselves a very good living.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wanted to learn more about private enforcers and what motivates them. I started with Whitney Leeman, who sent the letter to Bette’s Diner seven years ago\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the state database, Leeman’s filed \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-day-notice-search-results?field_prop65_report_year_value=&field_prop65_id_value=&field_prop65_plaintiff_value=leeman&field_prop65_defendant_value=&date_filter%5Bmin%5D%5Bdate%5D=&date_filter%5Bmax%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_prop65_product_value=&sort_by=field_prop65_id_value&sort_order=DESC&items_per_page=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">232 notices\u003c/a> to businesses across California. She’s gone after pthalates in \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-Day-Notice-2013-00567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greeting cards\u003c/a>, carcinogens such as benzoanthracenes in \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-Day-Notice-2012-00684\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grilled hamburger\u003c/a>s and lead in \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-Day-Notice-2008-00061\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">eye shadow\u003c/a>. This work has netted her somewhere in the neighborhood of three hundred and fifty thousand dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leeman also works for the California Air Resources Board, a state agency that regulates air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn’t sit well with John Coupal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s out there on the one hand working for the regulatory agency, but also pursuing a personal agenda,” says Coupal. “So it does strike me as presenting a pretty clear conflict of interest.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leeman declined to be interviewed. But in response to our questions, Chanler sent an email with Leeman’s “thoughts as interpreted and conveyed by me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The email said there’s no conflict of interest that Leeman’s aware of. She does her Prop. 65 work outside of office hours, and the work hasn’t involved air quality issues. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tried to speak to another of Chanler’s clients: Russell Brimer. According to the state database, Brimer has sent out \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-day-notice-search-results?field_prop65_report_year_value=&field_prop65_id_value=&field_prop65_plaintiff_value=Brimer&field_prop65_defendant_value=&date_filter%5Bmin%5D%5Bdate%5D=&date_filter%5Bmax%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_prop65_product_value=&sort_by=field_prop65_id_value&sort_order=DESC&items_per_page=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,057\u003c/a> notices since 2004 and earned at least $600,000 in that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler said Brimer didn’t want to be interviewed, adding that Brimer is 41, lives in Emeryville, and works as a private investigator and security guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler set up a conference call with another of his clients: Anthony Held, who has a PhD in environmental engineering from UC Davis. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My motivation in this field,” said Held, “is to identify and reduce the source of environmental pollutants and the harm that can come from them.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the database, Held has filed \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/prop65/60-day-notice-search-results?field_prop65_report_year_value=&field_prop65_id_value=&field_prop65_plaintiff_value=Held&field_prop65_defendant_value=&date_filter%5Bmin%5D%5Bdate%5D=&date_filter%5Bmax%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_prop65_product_value=&sort_by=field_prop65_id_value&sort_order=DESC&items_per_page=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">720 cases\u003c/a> and earned at least half a million dollars. Held says he’s proud of the work he’s done. \u003cbr>\n \u003cbr>\n“As to whether people would indicate ulterior motives, I think that could be said of any profession,” Held told me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private enforcers are “possibly an efficient form of enforcement,” says David Engstrom, an associate professor at Stanford Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says there are two ways a law like Prop 65 could have been written. One, establish an office of government prosecutors to enforce it. But often, Engstrom says, they drop the ball. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Government regulators may be too lax,” he says. “Prosecutors [may] be unwilling to bring cases that it would be good for society to have brought.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves the option number two, the private sector, including advocacy groups and private individuals like Russell Brimer and lawyers like Cliff Chanler. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engstrom says the risk here is too much enforcement: too many suits, including some that may not be in the public interest. This is “just throwing spaghetti at the wall and hoping something will stick,” as Engstrom describes it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer in Sacramento, lawmakers say they’re looking for a happy medium. One bill, AB 227, sponsored by Democratic Assemblyman Mike Gatto from Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.asmdc.org/members/a43/press-releases/mike-gatto-s-bill-to-protect-small-businesses-unanimously-passes-assembly\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">passed the State Assembly\u003c/a> 71-0 in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB227 would give certain businesses, including restaurants, a 14-day grace period to put up a sign and avoid big penalties and attorneys fees. That would mean less money for citizen enforcers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">broader proposal\u003c/a> from Governor Jerry Brown would, among other things, cap attorney’s fees to make Prop 65 less lucrative for lawyers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal: Not too much enforcement, not too little, just about right.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The heat wave that pushed inland temperatures into triple-digits for days is finally wearing off, but farmers are still figuring out how it will affect their crops. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a mixed bag, depending on what a farmer grows. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/IMG_24291-e1348179997154.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_24291-e1348179997154\" width=\"639\" height=\"359\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-5114\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fruit can actually get sunburned,” explains Dave Kranz of the California Farm Bureau. Walnuts and tomatoes can, too. So, Kranz says, some farmers paint a protective coating on the fruits, to help reflect the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milk production may go down, too, since, Kranz says, “dairy cows will get a little bit stressed in hot weather, just like people can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other crops are happily soaking up the rays. Roger Scommegna from Napa-based Three Thieves Winery says the hot weather means the grapes are producing a lot of sugar, which is a good thing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really good time for a heat wave. If we’re going to have one, right now is a good time,” he says. “We’re going to get some good growth out of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scommegna says he adjusts hours when there’s a heat wave, to help keep farmworkers safe; they start earlier, and get out of the fields before the hottest part of the day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s too early to tell what — if any — impact the heat will have on harvests or on prices at the store. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Temperatures in parts of the Bay Area topped a hundred degrees Monday, with more hot weather expected this week. The National Weather Service has issued an excessive heat warning for Northern California effective through the July 4\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> holiday. Cities including \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2013/07/01/5536125/sacramento-opens-cooling-centers.htmlhttp://www.sacbee.com/2013/07/01/5536125/sacramento-opens-cooling-centers.html\">Sacramento\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-jose-neighborhoods/ci_23579185/cambrian-residents-offered-cooling-off-center\">San Jose\u003c/a> are running cooling centers for residents seeking relief from the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing triple-digit temperatures all the way from south of Mount Shasta to Bakersfield and inland California,” said meteorologist Drew Peterson of the National Weather Service. “And we are expecting triple-digit temperatures to continue throughout most of the Valley through Friday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern Californians aren’t sweating it out alone. The high pressure system causing this heat wave extends from Arizona and Nevada all the way into Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4987\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4987\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/deathvalley-e1372724869280.jpg\" alt=\"Bust it Away Photography/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/bustitaway/8123665726/in/photostream/\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Death Valley may break its own record for hottest place on Earth. (Bust it Away Photography/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And while prolonged triple-digit temperatures are unusual for Northern California, periods of extreme heat have occurred in the recent past. “The last time we had something like this was in 2006,” said Peterson. “There were about 163 deaths here in California, and anywhere from 250,000 to a million livestock were lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile tourists in Death Valley are watching the thermometer, hoping to witness the \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2013/06/death-valley-furnace-creek-heat-record-temperature/66693/\">highest temperature\u003c/a> ever recorded on Earth. Temperatures on Sunday tied the Death Valley record for the month of June. Death Valley holds the current world record at 134 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave will reach a peak on Tuesday or Wednesday, and meteorologists expect it to subside by the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Temperatures in parts of the Bay Area topped a hundred degrees Monday, with more hot weather expected this week. The National Weather Service has issued an excessive heat warning for Northern California effective through the July 4\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> holiday. Cities including \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2013/07/01/5536125/sacramento-opens-cooling-centers.htmlhttp://www.sacbee.com/2013/07/01/5536125/sacramento-opens-cooling-centers.html\">Sacramento\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-jose-neighborhoods/ci_23579185/cambrian-residents-offered-cooling-off-center\">San Jose\u003c/a> are running cooling centers for residents seeking relief from the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing triple-digit temperatures all the way from south of Mount Shasta to Bakersfield and inland California,” said meteorologist Drew Peterson of the National Weather Service. “And we are expecting triple-digit temperatures to continue throughout most of the Valley through Friday.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern Californians aren’t sweating it out alone. The high pressure system causing this heat wave extends from Arizona and Nevada all the way into Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4987\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4987\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/07/deathvalley-e1372724869280.jpg\" alt=\"Bust it Away Photography/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/bustitaway/8123665726/in/photostream/\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Death Valley may break its own record for hottest place on Earth. (Bust it Away Photography/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And while prolonged triple-digit temperatures are unusual for Northern California, periods of extreme heat have occurred in the recent past. “The last time we had something like this was in 2006,” said Peterson. “There were about 163 deaths here in California, and anywhere from 250,000 to a million livestock were lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile tourists in Death Valley are watching the thermometer, hoping to witness the \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlanticwire.com/national/2013/06/death-valley-furnace-creek-heat-record-temperature/66693/\">highest temperature\u003c/a> ever recorded on Earth. Temperatures on Sunday tied the Death Valley record for the month of June. Death Valley holds the current world record at 134 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Who Profits from Proposition 65? (Part One)",
"headTitle": "Who Profits from Proposition 65? (Part One) | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/07/2013-07-01-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4862\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Prop-65-warning-e1372446825599.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4862\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4862 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Prop-65-warning-e1372446825599.jpg\" alt=\"Prop. 65 warning posted outside of a San Francisco auto parts store. (Mike Osborne/KQED)\" width=\"355\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prop. 65 warning posted outside of a San Francisco auto parts store. (Mike Osborne/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You’ve seen the signs all over California, on parking garages, gas stations, office buildings and convenience stores. “Warning,” they say, “this area contains a chemical known to cause cancer or birth defects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signs are there because of a law called \u003ca href=\"http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/background/p65plain.html\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, passed by California voters in 1986 in order to reduce Californian’s exposure to toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now there’s an effort in Sacramento to revise the law, amid charges that Prop. 65 has prompted a flood of frivolous lawsuits that make millions of dollars for a select few and cause undue headaches for thousands of California businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To really understand Proposition 65, consider an iceberg, says David Roe, who helped write the law when he was an attorney for the Environmental Defense Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically,” Roe says, “you don’t see 95 percent of the effect of Prop 65.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those warning signs, Roe says, are just the tip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4929\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/chemicals_rev2_12001-e1372464530473.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/chemicals_rev2_12001-e1372464530473.png\" alt=\"Click to see larger image. (Produced by Mike Osborne, graphic by Yael Braha)\" width=\"641\" height=\"265\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4929\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to see larger image. (Produced by Mike Osborne, graphic by Yael Braha)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The real base of the iceberg is made up of places where we see no signs at all, places businesses said, as Roe puts it, “I don’t want to tell people there’s a cancer-causing chemical in my hair dye, so I’m going to take it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roe says this has happened to hundreds of products, everything from raincoats to CD cases and the caps on wine bottles. Companies didn’t want to put a Prop. 65 warning label on their product, so they reformulated it to take the toxic chemical out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is a big market. So rather than create a separate product stream, companies now sell\u003cbr>\nthese reformulated products nationwide. “In effect,” says Roe, “the whole country is benefiting from one state’s law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Some attorneys have used Proposition 65 to extract quick, go-away settlements.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But there have been other consequences, too, consequences that critics of Prop. 65 consider to be the base of the iceberg. Those have been getting a lot of attention these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Governor Jerry Brown called for a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18026\">broad reform\u003c/a> of Prop. 65, making warning signs more specific, revisiting the science of acceptable levels for some chemicals and taking steps to end what he called “frivolous shake-down lawsuits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a more limited Prop. 65 reform bill – \u003ca href=\"http://www.asmdc.org/members/a43/press-releases/mike-gatto-s-bill-to-protect-small-businesses-clears-assembly-judiciary-committee\">AB 227\u003c/a> – is being considered by the state legislature. (In May, the State Assembly approved the bill by a 72-0 vote, and it is now making its way through the State Senate.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 227 “seeks to correct some unintended consequences of an otherwise good law,” said its sponsor Mike Gatto, a Democratic assemblyman from LA, during a hearing in Sacramento last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some attorneys have used Proposition 65 to extract quick, go-away settlements from business owners who haven’t put up a sign, or simply haven’t put up the right sign, to warn people about everyday common household substances,” Gatto told fellow state legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed, Gatto’s bill would give restaurants, parking garages and other businesses a 14-day grace period to put up a sign and pay a $500 fee before being hit with legal costs or hefty settlement bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would give cover to people like Bette Kroening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroening owns Bette’s Oceanview Diner, a cozy neighborhood place on Fourth Street in Berkeley, known for its pancakes. In July 2006, Kroening got a letter from a private law firm, saying that the diner was in violation of Prop. 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroening was taken off guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew about Prop. 65 in terms of all the signs in the parking garages and all that kind of stuff,” she says. “I never imagined that applied to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It did apply to them, specifically to a brand of old-timey soda the diner sold called Original Nehi Grape, which came in a glass bottle with an elaborate painted label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unbeknownst to Kroening, the paint contained a small amount of lead. Under Prop. 65, Kroenig should have had a warning sign on the cooler. She worried the violation could cost her thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know how far it was going to go. I felt really threatened,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, businesses have two choices when they get a letter like this: either settle with the law firm in an out-of-court settlement, or defend themselves against the charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the time, businesses settle out of court, often paying tens of thousands of dollars in legal fees, in addition to an often smaller civil penalty that’s divided between the state and the “private enforcer,” who filed the 60-day notice through his or her law firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, for example, the grocery store Berkeley Bowl paid $22,000 in an out-of-court settlement over charges that it failed to post a Prop. 65 sign warning customers that grilled hamburgers can contain a variety of carcinogenic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of that payment, $21,000 went to the Berkeley-based law firm the Chanler Group, to cover what attorney Cliff Chanler described as costs related to testing the hamburger patties and consulting experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Bowl also paid a $1,000 civil penalty, of which $750 went to the state and $250 to Chanler’s client, Whitney Leeman. (We’ll have more on the role of plaintiffs like Leeman in part two of this story, next week.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kroenig decided to fight. She put a warning sign up on her cooler, then called her lawyer. Eventually the case was dropped. She was never sure why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year later the state attorney general’s office sent a complaint \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/prop65/Chanler_51107_letter.pdf?\">letter\u003c/a> to the private law firm, headed by Cliff Chanler, that had targeted Bette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter said yes, the lead on the bottles was a problem. But it said the way the firm was pursuing this issue was not in the public interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the letter, the firm had turned this lead bottle issue into a cash cow. It had sent out more that 600 letters, like the one Bette Kroenig got, collecting $9 million in attorney’s fees over the course of just a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This case and others like it “smack of shakedown lawsuits,” says John Coupal of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association, “or at least leveraging people to comply with what may be very picayune violations of Prop. 65.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Cliff Chanler, terms like “frivolous” or “shakedown” are “only rhetoric or hyperbole from the other side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler heads the Chanler Group. For over two decades, few, if any, law firms have \u003ca href=\"https://www.chanler.com/prop-65\">pursued\u003c/a> as many Prop. 65 cases as his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler says if he’s had a lot of cases, well, that’s because there are a lot of toxic chemicals in our midst, like all the Chinese imports that have flooded the market in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re living in a — it might [sound like] hyperbole to say [it] — we’re living in a toxic cesspool. You would not believe the amount of toxics we find in everyday items,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the idea that these suits have become too profitable for his firm, and others like it? He says it’s the fair price for the work they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law is written so that if someone like my firm ends up promoting the public interest in a substantial manner, we’re able to go seek our hourly effort from the settling defendant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That cost of that hourly effort is part of what’s being discussed in Sacramento right now. And if Prop. 65 gets an overhaul, it’ll also affect another group of people: the “citizen enforcers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week we’ll meet some of these citizen enforcers, and find out what role they play in the Prop 65 debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Proposition 65 was passed by voters in order to reduce Californian's exposure to toxic chemicals. Now there's an effort in Sacramento to revise the law, amid charges that it's prompted a flood of frivolous lawsuits that make millions of dollars for a select few and cause undue headaches for thousands of California businesses.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/07/2013-07-01-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4862\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 355px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Prop-65-warning-e1372446825599.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4862\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-4862 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Prop-65-warning-e1372446825599.jpg\" alt=\"Prop. 65 warning posted outside of a San Francisco auto parts store. (Mike Osborne/KQED)\" width=\"355\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prop. 65 warning posted outside of a San Francisco auto parts store. (Mike Osborne/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You’ve seen the signs all over California, on parking garages, gas stations, office buildings and convenience stores. “Warning,” they say, “this area contains a chemical known to cause cancer or birth defects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signs are there because of a law called \u003ca href=\"http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/background/p65plain.html\">Proposition 65\u003c/a>, passed by California voters in 1986 in order to reduce Californian’s exposure to toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now there’s an effort in Sacramento to revise the law, amid charges that Prop. 65 has prompted a flood of frivolous lawsuits that make millions of dollars for a select few and cause undue headaches for thousands of California businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To really understand Proposition 65, consider an iceberg, says David Roe, who helped write the law when he was an attorney for the Environmental Defense Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically,” Roe says, “you don’t see 95 percent of the effect of Prop 65.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those warning signs, Roe says, are just the tip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4929\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/chemicals_rev2_12001-e1372464530473.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/chemicals_rev2_12001-e1372464530473.png\" alt=\"Click to see larger image. (Produced by Mike Osborne, graphic by Yael Braha)\" width=\"641\" height=\"265\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4929\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to see larger image. (Produced by Mike Osborne, graphic by Yael Braha)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The real base of the iceberg is made up of places where we see no signs at all, places businesses said, as Roe puts it, “I don’t want to tell people there’s a cancer-causing chemical in my hair dye, so I’m going to take it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roe says this has happened to hundreds of products, everything from raincoats to CD cases and the caps on wine bottles. Companies didn’t want to put a Prop. 65 warning label on their product, so they reformulated it to take the toxic chemical out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is a big market. So rather than create a separate product stream, companies now sell\u003cbr>\nthese reformulated products nationwide. “In effect,” says Roe, “the whole country is benefiting from one state’s law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Some attorneys have used Proposition 65 to extract quick, go-away settlements.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But there have been other consequences, too, consequences that critics of Prop. 65 consider to be the base of the iceberg. Those have been getting a lot of attention these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Governor Jerry Brown called for a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18026\">broad reform\u003c/a> of Prop. 65, making warning signs more specific, revisiting the science of acceptable levels for some chemicals and taking steps to end what he called “frivolous shake-down lawsuits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a more limited Prop. 65 reform bill – \u003ca href=\"http://www.asmdc.org/members/a43/press-releases/mike-gatto-s-bill-to-protect-small-businesses-clears-assembly-judiciary-committee\">AB 227\u003c/a> – is being considered by the state legislature. (In May, the State Assembly approved the bill by a 72-0 vote, and it is now making its way through the State Senate.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 227 “seeks to correct some unintended consequences of an otherwise good law,” said its sponsor Mike Gatto, a Democratic assemblyman from LA, during a hearing in Sacramento last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some attorneys have used Proposition 65 to extract quick, go-away settlements from business owners who haven’t put up a sign, or simply haven’t put up the right sign, to warn people about everyday common household substances,” Gatto told fellow state legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed, Gatto’s bill would give restaurants, parking garages and other businesses a 14-day grace period to put up a sign and pay a $500 fee before being hit with legal costs or hefty settlement bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would give cover to people like Bette Kroening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroening owns Bette’s Oceanview Diner, a cozy neighborhood place on Fourth Street in Berkeley, known for its pancakes. In July 2006, Kroening got a letter from a private law firm, saying that the diner was in violation of Prop. 65.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroening was taken off guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I knew about Prop. 65 in terms of all the signs in the parking garages and all that kind of stuff,” she says. “I never imagined that applied to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It did apply to them, specifically to a brand of old-timey soda the diner sold called Original Nehi Grape, which came in a glass bottle with an elaborate painted label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unbeknownst to Kroening, the paint contained a small amount of lead. Under Prop. 65, Kroenig should have had a warning sign on the cooler. She worried the violation could cost her thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know how far it was going to go. I felt really threatened,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, businesses have two choices when they get a letter like this: either settle with the law firm in an out-of-court settlement, or defend themselves against the charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the time, businesses settle out of court, often paying tens of thousands of dollars in legal fees, in addition to an often smaller civil penalty that’s divided between the state and the “private enforcer,” who filed the 60-day notice through his or her law firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, for example, the grocery store Berkeley Bowl paid $22,000 in an out-of-court settlement over charges that it failed to post a Prop. 65 sign warning customers that grilled hamburgers can contain a variety of carcinogenic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of that payment, $21,000 went to the Berkeley-based law firm the Chanler Group, to cover what attorney Cliff Chanler described as costs related to testing the hamburger patties and consulting experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Bowl also paid a $1,000 civil penalty, of which $750 went to the state and $250 to Chanler’s client, Whitney Leeman. (We’ll have more on the role of plaintiffs like Leeman in part two of this story, next week.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kroenig decided to fight. She put a warning sign up on her cooler, then called her lawyer. Eventually the case was dropped. She was never sure why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year later the state attorney general’s office sent a complaint \u003ca href=\"http://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/prop65/Chanler_51107_letter.pdf?\">letter\u003c/a> to the private law firm, headed by Cliff Chanler, that had targeted Bette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter said yes, the lead on the bottles was a problem. But it said the way the firm was pursuing this issue was not in the public interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the letter, the firm had turned this lead bottle issue into a cash cow. It had sent out more that 600 letters, like the one Bette Kroenig got, collecting $9 million in attorney’s fees over the course of just a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This case and others like it “smack of shakedown lawsuits,” says John Coupal of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association, “or at least leveraging people to comply with what may be very picayune violations of Prop. 65.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Cliff Chanler, terms like “frivolous” or “shakedown” are “only rhetoric or hyperbole from the other side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler heads the Chanler Group. For over two decades, few, if any, law firms have \u003ca href=\"https://www.chanler.com/prop-65\">pursued\u003c/a> as many Prop. 65 cases as his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chanler says if he’s had a lot of cases, well, that’s because there are a lot of toxic chemicals in our midst, like all the Chinese imports that have flooded the market in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re living in a — it might [sound like] hyperbole to say [it] — we’re living in a toxic cesspool. You would not believe the amount of toxics we find in everyday items,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the idea that these suits have become too profitable for his firm, and others like it? He says it’s the fair price for the work they do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law is written so that if someone like my firm ends up promoting the public interest in a substantial manner, we’re able to go seek our hourly effort from the settling defendant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That cost of that hourly effort is part of what’s being discussed in Sacramento right now. And if Prop. 65 gets an overhaul, it’ll also affect another group of people: the “citizen enforcers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next week we’ll meet some of these citizen enforcers, and find out what role they play in the Prop 65 debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Official Welcomes Obama's Climate Program",
"headTitle": "California Official Welcomes Obama’s Climate Program | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4727\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/smokestack-4x3-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"(Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"216\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4727\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Obama introduced his long-awaited \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/149882710/President%E2%80%99s-Climate-Action-Plan\">plan to combat climate change\u003c/a> in a speech today at Georgetown. He’s directing the EPA to limit greenhouse gas emissions from new and existing power plants, supporting more renewable energy development and expanding efficiency standards for appliances. He’s also funding local initiatives to build more resilient infrastructure and calling for an end to public financing for new overseas coal plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials are welcoming the plan. Mary Nichols, who heads the California Air Resources Board, the agency that regulates pollution, said it’s a good fit with the state’s efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California benefits enormously from having the federal government step up with a climate program,” she said. “It can only enhance our activities if we have a strong federal partner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, which is managed by the Air Board, already limits carbon emissions from power plants in the state. Nichols says she expects Obama’s plan will provide more federal funding for state projects, including one to reduce pollution from \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/onroadhd/onroadhd.htm\">diesel trucks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science managing editor Paul Rogers writes for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/politics-government/ci_23532865/obama-announces-sweeping-new-global-warming-plan\">Mercury News\u003c/a> on the impacts the plan will have in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://extras.mercurynews.com/mercurynews-fb.png\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/politics-government/ci_23532865/obama-announces-sweeping-new-global-warming-plan\">Obama announces sweeping new global warming plan\u003c/a>In the largest environmental initiative of his presidency, President Obama will announce this morning the nation’s first mandatory restrictions on greenhouse gases from new and existing power plants. The rules, which be drafted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, are set to be unveiled at a mid-morning speech Obama is scheduled to deliver at Georgetown University.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/06/25/195466923/obama-to-lay-out-broad-plan-to-address-climate-change\">NPR has a national perspective\u003c/a> on the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2013/06/25/climate_custom-8d5e9d46bcd08378e49a7871931d62c58cea5d98.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/06/25/195466923/obama-to-lay-out-broad-plan-to-address-climate-change\">Obama To Lay Out Broad Plan To Address Climate Change\u003c/a>President Obama is expected to announce a sweeping plan to address climate change this afternoon. Read the plan and a White House fact sheet. The president has framed this issue as a moral responsibility, to leave the Earth in good shape for generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Npr\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4727\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/smokestack-4x3-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"(Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"216\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4727\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Obama introduced his long-awaited \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/149882710/President%E2%80%99s-Climate-Action-Plan\">plan to combat climate change\u003c/a> in a speech today at Georgetown. He’s directing the EPA to limit greenhouse gas emissions from new and existing power plants, supporting more renewable energy development and expanding efficiency standards for appliances. He’s also funding local initiatives to build more resilient infrastructure and calling for an end to public financing for new overseas coal plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials are welcoming the plan. Mary Nichols, who heads the California Air Resources Board, the agency that regulates pollution, said it’s a good fit with the state’s efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California benefits enormously from having the federal government step up with a climate program,” she said. “It can only enhance our activities if we have a strong federal partner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, which is managed by the Air Board, already limits carbon emissions from power plants in the state. Nichols says she expects Obama’s plan will provide more federal funding for state projects, including one to reduce pollution from \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/onroadhd/onroadhd.htm\">diesel trucks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science managing editor Paul Rogers writes for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/politics-government/ci_23532865/obama-announces-sweeping-new-global-warming-plan\">Mercury News\u003c/a> on the impacts the plan will have in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceItemEmbedly\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://extras.mercurynews.com/mercurynews-fb.png\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/politics-government/ci_23532865/obama-announces-sweeping-new-global-warming-plan\">Obama announces sweeping new global warming plan\u003c/a>In the largest environmental initiative of his presidency, President Obama will announce this morning the nation’s first mandatory restrictions on greenhouse gases from new and existing power plants. The rules, which be drafted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, are set to be unveiled at a mid-morning speech Obama is scheduled to deliver at Georgetown University.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float:right\">\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" title=\"Powered by Embedly\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">\u003cspan>via \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" class=\"media-attribution-link\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercurynews\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/06/25/195466923/obama-to-lay-out-broad-plan-to-address-climate-change\">NPR has a national perspective\u003c/a> on the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2013/06/25/climate_custom-8d5e9d46bcd08378e49a7871931d62c58cea5d98.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/06/25/195466923/obama-to-lay-out-broad-plan-to-address-climate-change\">Obama To Lay Out Broad Plan To Address Climate Change\u003c/a>President Obama is expected to announce a sweeping plan to address climate change this afternoon. Read the plan and a White House fact sheet. The president has framed this issue as a moral responsibility, to leave the Earth in good shape for generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Npr\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Battle Rages Over East Bay Wildfire Plan",
"headTitle": "Battle Rages Over East Bay Wildfire Plan | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/06/2013-06-24-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Wildfire season in California started early this year, and researchers say the fires are \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201306060930\">burning stronger\u003c/a> because of the dry winter. The news is adding urgency to the effort to prevent fires like the 1991 Oakland Hills blaze that killed 25 people and destroyed more than 3,000 homes. But a proposal to cut 100,000 eucalyptus trees or more has stirred up controversy, and now, a long-running battle over the plan is coming to a head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rooting Out Non-Native Plants\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOne hot late-spring morning Tom Klatt, the environmental projects manager for University of California, Berkeley, brings me to a piece of the school’s land he’s particularly proud of, at the top of Claremont Canyon in the Berkeley hills. The university has logged all the eucalyptus trees here, and is removing other non-native plants in an effort to reduce the risk of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4657\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/eucalyptus_rev1_900-e1372134472209.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4657 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/eucalyptus_rev1_900-e1372134472209.jpg\" alt=\"Update: The city of Oakland has clarified their language in the EIR and has decided to pursue a thinning approach similar to East Bay Parks.\" width=\"403\" height=\"502\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Update: The city of Oakland has clarified their language in the EIR and has decided to pursue a thinning approach similar to East Bay Parks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Klatt’s wearing a business suit, but he’s not above pulling up a few weeds as we walk. He yanks out poison hemlock that’s growing along the trail into the canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we started this, this was a dark and shadowy tunnel of eucalyptus trees,” Klatt says. Now, it’s a sun-dappled spot; the hiking trail weaves through oak, bay and redwood trees. Those are native trees, as opposed to the eucalyptus, which are originally from Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have a forest, and this forest still can burn, but it doesn’t have the contribution of the eucalyptus litter. It doesn’t have the very tall trees that can ignite in crown fires and throw burning embers,” says Klatt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unkempt eucalyptus grove is a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/06/12/eucalyptus-california-icon-fire-hazard-and-invasive-species/\">fire hazard\u003c/a>, Klatt says. The oils in the trees burn easily, and when burning leaves and bark catch the wind, they can spread the fire rapidly. That’s why, more than ten years ago, the school began removing the eucalyptus from this piece of property, and why it wants to cut down about 50,000 more trees here and in two other locations in the hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley, along with the city of Oakland and the East Bay Regional Park District, is applying for a $5.6 million \u003ca href=\"http://ebheis.cdmims.com/Home.aspx\">grant from FEMA\u003c/a> to remove eucalyptus. The project covers almost 1,000 acres on park, university and city land. There are already fire mitigation projects going on here, like the one Klatt showed me, but this grant would expand the work. All told, 100,000 trees or more would be cut under the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4622\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4622\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/IMG_5369-e1371855710317.jpg\" alt=\"Tom Klatt, environmental projects manager for UC Berkeley. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Klatt, environmental projects manager for UC Berkeley. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fire in the Hills\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe East Bay hills are susceptible to fire, and whether or not eucalyptus are there won’t change that. The summers are dry and hot, and the Diablo winds — the East Bay’s version of the Santa Ana winds — can whip a spark into a wildfire. The wind was a major player in the 1991 fire. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CC0QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calema.ca.gov%2Ffireandrescue%2Fdocuments%2Fafter%2520action%2Fthe%2520east%2520bay%2520hills%2520fire%2520-%2520usfa-tr-060%2520-%2520october%25201991.pdf&ei=a8vEUYeNOcf0iQK3tYCABw&usg=AFQjCNGbZE_KWO4sOVRbTMPIujhOa3aUnA&sig2=ICHqCqrsn5aL81Py8RCSDQ&bvm=bv.48293060,d.cGE&cad=rja\">FEMA report\u003c/a> found a host of factors contributed to it being the disaster that it was: lack of coordination between the agencies fighting the fire, lack of water, people getting trapped on the narrow winding streets and wood roofs bursting into flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mike Martin, a battalion chief with CalFire who fought that fire, says the eucalyptus played a role, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/openspaces/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8748\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-8748\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/hdpublicplaces-mod.jpg\" alt=\"hdpublicplaces-mod\" width=\"200\" height=\"46\">\u003c/a>“Early on in the fire, it hit some eucalyptus coming out of the Marlborough Terrace area, and it just put out a huge barrage of burning embers downwind from the fire,” Martin recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those embers spread the fire, catching on vegetation and roofs. Martin says a single eucalyptus isn’t necessarily a fire hazard. It’s when there’s a bunch of them, shedding leaves and bark into heaps on the forest floor, that there can be disastrous results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When something like that is burning, there is nothing in our arsenal that can compete with it,” says Martin. “You’re not gonna find any firefighters saying eucalyptus aren’t a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Backlash Against the Plan\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“It’s unfortunate that the ’91 fire is used as justification of this project because what really went wrong is not trees,” says Dan Grassetti, the founder of the Hills Conservation Network, a group opposed to the plan. They sued the park district over a related eucalyptus removal project, and is happier with the tactic East Bay Parks is taking now — thinning the eucalyptus groves on their land, rather than cutting them down wholesale. But Grassetti’s group has been fighting UC Berkeley’s plan to remove all the eucalyptus on its property since 2005, and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.hillsconservationnetwork.org/HillsConservation3/Blog/Entries/2013/6/20_Next_Steps_files/HCN_Report_FINAL_06-17-2013b.pdf\">commissioned a report\u003c/a> responding to FEMA’s draft environmental impact statement on the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The community’s been given a false choice,” he says. “The choice that UC’s put out there has been, either do what we want to do, or we do nothing. And that is just totally bogus as far as we’re concerned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4617\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4617\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/IMG_5360-e1371855484412.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Grassetti, founder of the Hills Conservation Network. (Molly Samuel/KQED) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Grassetti, founder of the Hills Conservation Network. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grassetti brings me to a spot in Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve that he thinks is a good example of how to limit fire risk — and keep the eucalyptus. A red-shouldered hawk calls behind us as we look down a shady hill at a forest of eucalyptus trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, we’re standing here right now, and I would argue that it smells pretty good. And it’s kind of a pleasant environment. It’s shady. It’s cool. It’s good habitat,” Grassetti says. There’s space between the trees, and the ground below them is mostly clear of bark and leaves. “This is probably our ideal of how a eucalyptus grove could be maintained in the hills here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grassetti argues, if UC Berkeley maintained its eucalyptus groves like this one, they wouldn’t be a fire hazard. But Klatt says keeping any of the trees isn’t sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As long as you leave a single eucalyptus tree here that drops 20,000-plus seeds per year, you can be assured that you’re going to have regeneration of the species. So thinning it doesn’t get you out of the eucalyptus management business, doesn’t get you out of cleaning up the forest floor business and it isn’t really a solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We’re never going to get a consensus on environmental issues in the San Francisco Bay Area. We pretty much accept that.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Grassetti and Klatt are on either end of the spectrum here. The Sierra Club has \u003ca href=\"http://theyodeler.org/?p=7539\">endorsed the plan\u003c/a>. But when it comes to cutting the eucalyptus, many community members fall somewhere in the middle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I realize that the eucalyptus are a fire hazard, and for that reason it’s hard to object to that,” says Barbara Bauer. She lives near Claremont Canyon where she walks her dogs, Pal and Tempo. She was there for the ’91 fire; she had to evacuate and watched the hills burn. But she’s not on board with the plan to remove other trees, including acacia and Monterey pine. “I have real feelings for the trees that don’t necessarily have to go, for any good reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are other concerns. Jeannie McKenzie raises goats and chickens in the backyard of her Oakland hills home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing I am most concerned about is these herbicides in our hills at the top of our watershed that is coming down through our properties,” says McKenzie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The herbicides would be applied directly to the stumps of the eucalyptus as soon as they’re cut, to prevent regrowth. But Klatt says there would likely be some spraying, too, to control other weeds, which isn’t described in the draft environmental impact statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klatt says he’s not surprised the plan’s been so controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re never going to get a consensus on environmental issues in the San Francisco Bay Area. We pretty much accept that,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FEMA plans to begin working on the final environmental impact statement this summer. That will decide what – if any – elements of this plan they’ll fund. Klatt says the money would help them move faster, but either way, they’ll continue cutting, to try to limit the risk of another catastrophic wildfire in the hills.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "Battle Rages Over East Bay Wildfire Plan",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/06/2013-06-24-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Wildfire season in California started early this year, and researchers say the fires are \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201306060930\">burning stronger\u003c/a> because of the dry winter. The news is adding urgency to the effort to prevent fires like the 1991 Oakland Hills blaze that killed 25 people and destroyed more than 3,000 homes. But a proposal to cut 100,000 eucalyptus trees or more has stirred up controversy, and now, a long-running battle over the plan is coming to a head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rooting Out Non-Native Plants\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOne hot late-spring morning Tom Klatt, the environmental projects manager for University of California, Berkeley, brings me to a piece of the school’s land he’s particularly proud of, at the top of Claremont Canyon in the Berkeley hills. The university has logged all the eucalyptus trees here, and is removing other non-native plants in an effort to reduce the risk of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4657\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/eucalyptus_rev1_900-e1372134472209.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4657 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/eucalyptus_rev1_900-e1372134472209.jpg\" alt=\"Update: The city of Oakland has clarified their language in the EIR and has decided to pursue a thinning approach similar to East Bay Parks.\" width=\"403\" height=\"502\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Update: The city of Oakland has clarified their language in the EIR and has decided to pursue a thinning approach similar to East Bay Parks.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Klatt’s wearing a business suit, but he’s not above pulling up a few weeds as we walk. He yanks out poison hemlock that’s growing along the trail into the canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we started this, this was a dark and shadowy tunnel of eucalyptus trees,” Klatt says. Now, it’s a sun-dappled spot; the hiking trail weaves through oak, bay and redwood trees. Those are native trees, as opposed to the eucalyptus, which are originally from Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have a forest, and this forest still can burn, but it doesn’t have the contribution of the eucalyptus litter. It doesn’t have the very tall trees that can ignite in crown fires and throw burning embers,” says Klatt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unkempt eucalyptus grove is a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/06/12/eucalyptus-california-icon-fire-hazard-and-invasive-species/\">fire hazard\u003c/a>, Klatt says. The oils in the trees burn easily, and when burning leaves and bark catch the wind, they can spread the fire rapidly. That’s why, more than ten years ago, the school began removing the eucalyptus from this piece of property, and why it wants to cut down about 50,000 more trees here and in two other locations in the hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley, along with the city of Oakland and the East Bay Regional Park District, is applying for a $5.6 million \u003ca href=\"http://ebheis.cdmims.com/Home.aspx\">grant from FEMA\u003c/a> to remove eucalyptus. The project covers almost 1,000 acres on park, university and city land. There are already fire mitigation projects going on here, like the one Klatt showed me, but this grant would expand the work. All told, 100,000 trees or more would be cut under the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4622\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4622\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/IMG_5369-e1371855710317.jpg\" alt=\"Tom Klatt, environmental projects manager for UC Berkeley. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom Klatt, environmental projects manager for UC Berkeley. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fire in the Hills\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe East Bay hills are susceptible to fire, and whether or not eucalyptus are there won’t change that. The summers are dry and hot, and the Diablo winds — the East Bay’s version of the Santa Ana winds — can whip a spark into a wildfire. The wind was a major player in the 1991 fire. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CC0QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.calema.ca.gov%2Ffireandrescue%2Fdocuments%2Fafter%2520action%2Fthe%2520east%2520bay%2520hills%2520fire%2520-%2520usfa-tr-060%2520-%2520october%25201991.pdf&ei=a8vEUYeNOcf0iQK3tYCABw&usg=AFQjCNGbZE_KWO4sOVRbTMPIujhOa3aUnA&sig2=ICHqCqrsn5aL81Py8RCSDQ&bvm=bv.48293060,d.cGE&cad=rja\">FEMA report\u003c/a> found a host of factors contributed to it being the disaster that it was: lack of coordination between the agencies fighting the fire, lack of water, people getting trapped on the narrow winding streets and wood roofs bursting into flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mike Martin, a battalion chief with CalFire who fought that fire, says the eucalyptus played a role, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/openspaces/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8748\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-8748\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/hdpublicplaces-mod.jpg\" alt=\"hdpublicplaces-mod\" width=\"200\" height=\"46\">\u003c/a>“Early on in the fire, it hit some eucalyptus coming out of the Marlborough Terrace area, and it just put out a huge barrage of burning embers downwind from the fire,” Martin recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those embers spread the fire, catching on vegetation and roofs. Martin says a single eucalyptus isn’t necessarily a fire hazard. It’s when there’s a bunch of them, shedding leaves and bark into heaps on the forest floor, that there can be disastrous results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When something like that is burning, there is nothing in our arsenal that can compete with it,” says Martin. “You’re not gonna find any firefighters saying eucalyptus aren’t a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Backlash Against the Plan\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“It’s unfortunate that the ’91 fire is used as justification of this project because what really went wrong is not trees,” says Dan Grassetti, the founder of the Hills Conservation Network, a group opposed to the plan. They sued the park district over a related eucalyptus removal project, and is happier with the tactic East Bay Parks is taking now — thinning the eucalyptus groves on their land, rather than cutting them down wholesale. But Grassetti’s group has been fighting UC Berkeley’s plan to remove all the eucalyptus on its property since 2005, and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.hillsconservationnetwork.org/HillsConservation3/Blog/Entries/2013/6/20_Next_Steps_files/HCN_Report_FINAL_06-17-2013b.pdf\">commissioned a report\u003c/a> responding to FEMA’s draft environmental impact statement on the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The community’s been given a false choice,” he says. “The choice that UC’s put out there has been, either do what we want to do, or we do nothing. And that is just totally bogus as far as we’re concerned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4617\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4617\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/IMG_5360-e1371855484412.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Grassetti, founder of the Hills Conservation Network. (Molly Samuel/KQED) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Grassetti, founder of the Hills Conservation Network. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grassetti brings me to a spot in Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve that he thinks is a good example of how to limit fire risk — and keep the eucalyptus. A red-shouldered hawk calls behind us as we look down a shady hill at a forest of eucalyptus trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, we’re standing here right now, and I would argue that it smells pretty good. And it’s kind of a pleasant environment. It’s shady. It’s cool. It’s good habitat,” Grassetti says. There’s space between the trees, and the ground below them is mostly clear of bark and leaves. “This is probably our ideal of how a eucalyptus grove could be maintained in the hills here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grassetti argues, if UC Berkeley maintained its eucalyptus groves like this one, they wouldn’t be a fire hazard. But Klatt says keeping any of the trees isn’t sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As long as you leave a single eucalyptus tree here that drops 20,000-plus seeds per year, you can be assured that you’re going to have regeneration of the species. So thinning it doesn’t get you out of the eucalyptus management business, doesn’t get you out of cleaning up the forest floor business and it isn’t really a solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We’re never going to get a consensus on environmental issues in the San Francisco Bay Area. We pretty much accept that.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Grassetti and Klatt are on either end of the spectrum here. The Sierra Club has \u003ca href=\"http://theyodeler.org/?p=7539\">endorsed the plan\u003c/a>. But when it comes to cutting the eucalyptus, many community members fall somewhere in the middle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I realize that the eucalyptus are a fire hazard, and for that reason it’s hard to object to that,” says Barbara Bauer. She lives near Claremont Canyon where she walks her dogs, Pal and Tempo. She was there for the ’91 fire; she had to evacuate and watched the hills burn. But she’s not on board with the plan to remove other trees, including acacia and Monterey pine. “I have real feelings for the trees that don’t necessarily have to go, for any good reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are other concerns. Jeannie McKenzie raises goats and chickens in the backyard of her Oakland hills home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing I am most concerned about is these herbicides in our hills at the top of our watershed that is coming down through our properties,” says McKenzie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The herbicides would be applied directly to the stumps of the eucalyptus as soon as they’re cut, to prevent regrowth. But Klatt says there would likely be some spraying, too, to control other weeds, which isn’t described in the draft environmental impact statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klatt says he’s not surprised the plan’s been so controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re never going to get a consensus on environmental issues in the San Francisco Bay Area. We pretty much accept that,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FEMA plans to begin working on the final environmental impact statement this summer. That will decide what – if any – elements of this plan they’ll fund. Klatt says the money would help them move faster, but either way, they’ll continue cutting, to try to limit the risk of another catastrophic wildfire in the hills.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Work Begins on Largest Dam Removal Project in California History",
"title": "Work Begins on Largest Dam Removal Project in California History",
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"content": "\u003cp>CARMEL VALLEY -- A ceremonial groundbreaking in Carmel Valley on Friday marks the beginning of the end for the 92-year-old San Clemente Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanclementedamremoval.org/\">dam removal project\u003c/a> in California history comes nearly 20 years after state inspectors declared the 106-foot-tall concrete structure unsafe and at risk of collapse in an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If an earthquake were to cause it to have any breaks it would collapse quickly,” said Trish Chapman, regional manager for the state \u003ca href=\"http://coastalconservancy.org/\">Coastal Conservancy\u003c/a>, which is helping fund the $84 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most dams, the reservoir has accumulated sediment over the years, so much that it’s now 95 percent silted up and no longer provides water to the Monterey Peninsula. Altogether, 2.5 million cubic yards of sand, gravel and other sediment – enough to fill 767 Olympic swimming pools – has piled up behind the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57020\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-57020 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-800x885.jpg\" alt=\"steelhead trout\" width=\"800\" height=\"885\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-800x885.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-400x442.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-1180x1305.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-960x1062.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout.jpg 1188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dam’s owner, \u003ca href=\"http://www.amwater.com/caaw/\">California American Water Company\u003c/a>, based in Coronado, will pay $49 million toward the project, funded through rate increases on Monterey water customers that amount to about $2.55 a month for average residential users over the next 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam demolition “is a similar situation to how you plan for decommissioning a nuclear plant,” said California American Water President Robert MacLean. “It’s a matter of ‘when’ not ‘if.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only will 1,500 homes and structures downstream be safer after the three-year project is completed, but removing the dam also will help restore habitat for red-legged frogs and steelhead trout whose numbers have plummeted in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trout population that numbered 1,350 in 1965 has dwindled to 249 this year, in part because the dam blocks the fish’s migration to and from the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited because we’ve been relocating these frogs and fish—now we’re going to let nature take over and let her do what she does best,” said Brian Stranko, regional director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a>, which contributed $1 million to the removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the project, construction crews will permanently reroute the Carmel River for about half a mile around the sediment, then tear the dam down over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57056\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-57056 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800-800x716.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"800\" height=\"716\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800-400x358.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project, which also received some funding from federal grants, is being watched as a possible model for other dam removals across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good example of where the community came together and recognized there is a reason why people and river would benefit from taking [the dam] down,” said William Irvin, president of \u003ca href=\"www.americanrivers.org/%E2%80%8E\">American Rivers\u003c/a>, an environmental group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest dam removal project in the country was the demolition of the 108-foot \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/elwha-ecosystem-restoration.htm\">Elwha Dam\u003c/a> and the 210-foot \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/removal-of-the-glines-canyon-dam.htm\">Glines Canyon Dam\u003c/a> near Port Angeles, Washington, a project that began in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That demolition released more than 24 million cubic yards of silt and other debris downstream. Ecologists are still waiting to find out how it will affect fish and other wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irvin said that projects like the San Clemente are part of a broader movement, one that favors dam removals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are approximately 79,000 dams in the U.S., according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil\">Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a>. Thousands of them are obsolete, silted up or otherwise suited for removal, although finding the funding to remove them and figuring out what to do with the millions of tons of sediment behind them often pose major challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a while we were building dams all the time, but our understanding of rivers has evolved and we know the value of them,” Irvin said. “It’s a golden age for river restoration and we’re just at the beginning of it.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>CARMEL VALLEY -- A ceremonial groundbreaking in Carmel Valley on Friday marks the beginning of the end for the 92-year-old San Clemente Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanclementedamremoval.org/\">dam removal project\u003c/a> in California history comes nearly 20 years after state inspectors declared the 106-foot-tall concrete structure unsafe and at risk of collapse in an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If an earthquake were to cause it to have any breaks it would collapse quickly,” said Trish Chapman, regional manager for the state \u003ca href=\"http://coastalconservancy.org/\">Coastal Conservancy\u003c/a>, which is helping fund the $84 million project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most dams, the reservoir has accumulated sediment over the years, so much that it’s now 95 percent silted up and no longer provides water to the Monterey Peninsula. Altogether, 2.5 million cubic yards of sand, gravel and other sediment – enough to fill 767 Olympic swimming pools – has piled up behind the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57020\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-57020 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-800x885.jpg\" alt=\"steelhead trout\" width=\"800\" height=\"885\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-800x885.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-400x442.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-1180x1305.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout-960x1062.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/steelhead-trout.jpg 1188w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dam’s owner, \u003ca href=\"http://www.amwater.com/caaw/\">California American Water Company\u003c/a>, based in Coronado, will pay $49 million toward the project, funded through rate increases on Monterey water customers that amount to about $2.55 a month for average residential users over the next 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dam demolition “is a similar situation to how you plan for decommissioning a nuclear plant,” said California American Water President Robert MacLean. “It’s a matter of ‘when’ not ‘if.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only will 1,500 homes and structures downstream be safer after the three-year project is completed, but removing the dam also will help restore habitat for red-legged frogs and steelhead trout whose numbers have plummeted in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trout population that numbered 1,350 in 1965 has dwindled to 249 this year, in part because the dam blocks the fish’s migration to and from the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited because we’ve been relocating these frogs and fish—now we’re going to let nature take over and let her do what she does best,” said Brian Stranko, regional director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a>, which contributed $1 million to the removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the project, construction crews will permanently reroute the Carmel River for about half a mile around the sediment, then tear the dam down over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57056\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-57056 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800-800x716.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"800\" height=\"716\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/06/san_clemente_dam1_800-400x358.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project, which also received some funding from federal grants, is being watched as a possible model for other dam removals across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good example of where the community came together and recognized there is a reason why people and river would benefit from taking [the dam] down,” said William Irvin, president of \u003ca href=\"www.americanrivers.org/%E2%80%8E\">American Rivers\u003c/a>, an environmental group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest dam removal project in the country was the demolition of the 108-foot \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/elwha-ecosystem-restoration.htm\">Elwha Dam\u003c/a> and the 210-foot \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/removal-of-the-glines-canyon-dam.htm\">Glines Canyon Dam\u003c/a> near Port Angeles, Washington, a project that began in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That demolition released more than 24 million cubic yards of silt and other debris downstream. Ecologists are still waiting to find out how it will affect fish and other wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irvin said that projects like the San Clemente are part of a broader movement, one that favors dam removals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are approximately 79,000 dams in the U.S., according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usace.army.mil\">Army Corps of Engineers\u003c/a>. Thousands of them are obsolete, silted up or otherwise suited for removal, although finding the funding to remove them and figuring out what to do with the millions of tons of sediment behind them often pose major challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a while we were building dams all the time, but our understanding of rivers has evolved and we know the value of them,” Irvin said. “It’s a golden age for river restoration and we’re just at the beginning of it.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "With Condors on the Brink, California Considers a Lead-Bullet Ban for Hunters",
"title": "With Condors on the Brink, California Considers a Lead-Bullet Ban for Hunters",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/06/2013-06-17-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56773\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56773\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Huntington, courtesy the Ventana Wildlife Society\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Huntington, courtesy the Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After teetering on the brink of extinction 30 years ago, the California condor has made a gradual recovery in the state. But scientists say hunters are hampering a full recovery – not because they’re shooting at condors, but because the giant scavenger birds swallow lead bullet fragments when hunters leave an animal carcass behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California legislature is considering a bill that would ban the use of lead bullets in hunting across the state. It would be the first statewide ban in the country and in the midst of a tense national debate over gun rights, the bill, AB 711, is raising controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Slow Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The condor’s incremental recovery has taken longer than many expected, demanding substantial resources. “There’s plenty of other species to be focusing on,” said Kelly Sorenson, a biologist with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ventanaws.org/\">Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/a>. “But instead we’re entrenched in this very intensive effort to save this species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorenson is ensconced in a spot along the Pacific Coast Highway, overlooking a large, rotting gray whale carcass, washed up on a beach. The windswept stretch of Big Sur coast is prime condor country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56800\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 353px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-biobox-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56800\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-biobox-1200-504x360.jpg\" alt=\"condor-biobox-1200\" width=\"353\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah, from a condor point of view this is a smorgasbord,” Sorenson says. “This is dinner for months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over the hill, two condors come soaring out of the trees. “This might be a breeding pair,” he says. “They’re both adults, I can tell from here. They have a bright red head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Condors resemble turkey vultures, but dominate the skies with an imposing nine-foot wingspan. Sorenson scans their wings with binoculars, looking for numbers. “I can almost make it out. It looks like it might be 51.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There aren’t many condors without numbered tags, because most were born in captivity. Centuries ago, condors ranged from Canada to Texas. But by 1982, under pressure from hunting and habitat loss, only 22 remained. Scientists took them out of the wild in a last-ditch effort to save the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fortunately they bred very well in captivity and we started reintroducing condors to Big Sur in 1997,” Sorenson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a slow recovery since. Today, there are about 400 condors in California, Arizona and Mexico, including a large portion in captivity. On California’s central coast, just 70 live in the wild. It could be why Sorenson is having trouble shaking what happened the day before we met. His team found one of those condors dead, a male that Sorensen had been tracking for 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes it especially hard when one of those birds dies,” he says. “But if it’s what it usually is, which is lead poisoning, it makes it even harder to deal with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorenson’s team traps condors twice a year to test for lead poisoning. If they catch a case in time, the bird is taken to a treatment center in Southern California. Ten condors have already been treated this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Condor Forensics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56804\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-feather-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56804 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-feather-1200-576x360.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"403\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The problem is really epidemic,” says toxicologist Myra Finkelstein. “These California condors are exposed to chronic harmful levels of lead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her lab at the University of California-Santa Cruz, Finkelstein holds up a vial with a small shard of metal: a lead bullet fragment found in the digestive system of a dead condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is enough lead to poison and potentially kill a condor,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scavengers, condors will feed on any dead animal, including carcasses or partial carcasses left by hunters or ranchers. “They’ll come to eat it and they inadvertently will also ingest these fragments,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through tests on hundreds of condor blood samples and feathers, Finkelstein’s lab has worked to trace the source of lead. In the majority of cases, she says it matches the \u003ca href=\"http://news.ucsc.edu/2012/06/condors-and-lead.html\">chemical profile of lead bullets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, former Governor Arnold Schwarzengger banned the use of \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/hunting/condor/\">lead bullets in hunting\u003c/a> in 1997, but only in condor territory. Condors are still showing high levels of lead, which can shut down their digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It only takes one meal so that’s why the problem is so severe,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the California legislature is considering taking the ban a step further by banning lead bullets for hunting statewide. Lead ammunition could still be used at shooting ranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Casting Doubt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know exactly what the source of the soluble lead is,” says Chuck Michel, an attorney for the National Rifle Association. “There are multiple sources of soluble lead in the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56808\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 410px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-population-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56808 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-population-1200-585x360.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"410\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The NRA and other gun groups have targeted the scientific research, saying the lead could be coming from paint or garbage dumps. Hunters could use copper ammunition as an alternative, but it’s often twice as expensive. A box of 20 rounds that costs $25 for lead, goes for around $50 for copper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It prices a lot of people out of the market,” says Michel. “If it’s mandatory, there’s really going to be a lot less people that can afford to go hunting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why gun groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.huntfortruth.org/site/\">see the bill as a threat\u003c/a>. “This is a way to bring a cultural attack on hunting and sportsmen and women,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We heard all the same arguments in the late 80s and early 90s,” says Jennifer Fearing of the Humane Society of the United States, referring to when lead shot was banned in duck-and-goose hunting nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It actually restrains very little about activities with guns,” she says. “It just requires that a bullet be made of one metal rather than another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead was phased out of paint and gasoline decades ago. While AB 711 wouldn’t prohibit the sale of lead bullets, Fearing believes it would still be effective and could help other wildlife that also scavenge, like eagles and hawks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just going to take some time, quite frankly, for ranchers and others to switch the ammunition they use on their properties and just for the culture within the hunting community to move to a place where they accept their responsibility,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead ammunition bill has already passed the California Assembly and is now being considered by the state Senate, where its chances look favorable.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/06/2013-06-17-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56773\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56773\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Huntington, courtesy the Ventana Wildlife Society\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/Tim-Huntington_Condor1-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Huntington, courtesy the Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After teetering on the brink of extinction 30 years ago, the California condor has made a gradual recovery in the state. But scientists say hunters are hampering a full recovery – not because they’re shooting at condors, but because the giant scavenger birds swallow lead bullet fragments when hunters leave an animal carcass behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California legislature is considering a bill that would ban the use of lead bullets in hunting across the state. It would be the first statewide ban in the country and in the midst of a tense national debate over gun rights, the bill, AB 711, is raising controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Slow Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The condor’s incremental recovery has taken longer than many expected, demanding substantial resources. “There’s plenty of other species to be focusing on,” said Kelly Sorenson, a biologist with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ventanaws.org/\">Ventana Wildlife Society\u003c/a>. “But instead we’re entrenched in this very intensive effort to save this species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorenson is ensconced in a spot along the Pacific Coast Highway, overlooking a large, rotting gray whale carcass, washed up on a beach. The windswept stretch of Big Sur coast is prime condor country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56800\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 353px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-biobox-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56800\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-biobox-1200-504x360.jpg\" alt=\"condor-biobox-1200\" width=\"353\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah, from a condor point of view this is a smorgasbord,” Sorenson says. “This is dinner for months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just over the hill, two condors come soaring out of the trees. “This might be a breeding pair,” he says. “They’re both adults, I can tell from here. They have a bright red head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Condors resemble turkey vultures, but dominate the skies with an imposing nine-foot wingspan. Sorenson scans their wings with binoculars, looking for numbers. “I can almost make it out. It looks like it might be 51.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There aren’t many condors without numbered tags, because most were born in captivity. Centuries ago, condors ranged from Canada to Texas. But by 1982, under pressure from hunting and habitat loss, only 22 remained. Scientists took them out of the wild in a last-ditch effort to save the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fortunately they bred very well in captivity and we started reintroducing condors to Big Sur in 1997,” Sorenson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s been a slow recovery since. Today, there are about 400 condors in California, Arizona and Mexico, including a large portion in captivity. On California’s central coast, just 70 live in the wild. It could be why Sorenson is having trouble shaking what happened the day before we met. His team found one of those condors dead, a male that Sorensen had been tracking for 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes it especially hard when one of those birds dies,” he says. “But if it’s what it usually is, which is lead poisoning, it makes it even harder to deal with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sorenson’s team traps condors twice a year to test for lead poisoning. If they catch a case in time, the bird is taken to a treatment center in Southern California. Ten condors have already been treated this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Condor Forensics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56804\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 403px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-feather-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56804 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-feather-1200-576x360.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"403\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The problem is really epidemic,” says toxicologist Myra Finkelstein. “These California condors are exposed to chronic harmful levels of lead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her lab at the University of California-Santa Cruz, Finkelstein holds up a vial with a small shard of metal: a lead bullet fragment found in the digestive system of a dead condor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is enough lead to poison and potentially kill a condor,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scavengers, condors will feed on any dead animal, including carcasses or partial carcasses left by hunters or ranchers. “They’ll come to eat it and they inadvertently will also ingest these fragments,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through tests on hundreds of condor blood samples and feathers, Finkelstein’s lab has worked to trace the source of lead. In the majority of cases, she says it matches the \u003ca href=\"http://news.ucsc.edu/2012/06/condors-and-lead.html\">chemical profile of lead bullets\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, former Governor Arnold Schwarzengger banned the use of \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/hunting/condor/\">lead bullets in hunting\u003c/a> in 1997, but only in condor territory. Condors are still showing high levels of lead, which can shut down their digestive system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It only takes one meal so that’s why the problem is so severe,” Finkelstein says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the California legislature is considering taking the ban a step further by banning lead bullets for hunting statewide. Lead ammunition could still be used at shooting ranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Casting Doubt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know exactly what the source of the soluble lead is,” says Chuck Michel, an attorney for the National Rifle Association. “There are multiple sources of soluble lead in the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56808\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 410px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-population-1200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-56808 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/05/condor-population-1200-585x360.jpg\" alt=\"Click to enlarge\" width=\"410\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click to enlarge\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The NRA and other gun groups have targeted the scientific research, saying the lead could be coming from paint or garbage dumps. Hunters could use copper ammunition as an alternative, but it’s often twice as expensive. A box of 20 rounds that costs $25 for lead, goes for around $50 for copper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It prices a lot of people out of the market,” says Michel. “If it’s mandatory, there’s really going to be a lot less people that can afford to go hunting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why gun groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.huntfortruth.org/site/\">see the bill as a threat\u003c/a>. “This is a way to bring a cultural attack on hunting and sportsmen and women,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We heard all the same arguments in the late 80s and early 90s,” says Jennifer Fearing of the Humane Society of the United States, referring to when lead shot was banned in duck-and-goose hunting nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It actually restrains very little about activities with guns,” she says. “It just requires that a bullet be made of one metal rather than another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead was phased out of paint and gasoline decades ago. While AB 711 wouldn’t prohibit the sale of lead bullets, Fearing believes it would still be effective and could help other wildlife that also scavenge, like eagles and hawks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just going to take some time, quite frankly, for ranchers and others to switch the ammunition they use on their properties and just for the culture within the hunting community to move to a place where they accept their responsibility,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When, 216 years ago, someone mysteriously blacked out pages from the French opera Médée with charcoal, the music was lost to history. Now, scientists at Stanford’s National Accelerator Laboratory have brought those long-lost notes back to life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4174\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 452px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Image-3.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4174\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Image-3.png\" alt=\"The smudged out pages of the 1797 score of Médée and the new reconstruction, made by shooting X-rays at the paper to reveal the notes beneath. (SLAC)\" width=\"452\" height=\"407\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4174\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The smudged out pages of the 1797 score of Médée and the new reconstruction, made by shooting X-rays at the paper to reveal the notes beneath. (SLAC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini was born in Florence, Italy in 1760. He befriended Beethoven in Vienna and died in Paris in 1842.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherubini was a renowned composer, but — according to legend — critics thought his opera “Médée,” based on the Greek tale of vengeance, dragged on a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe that’s why Cherubini, or someone else, used charcoal to smudge out a page and a half of the score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two hundred and sixteen years later, scientists at Stanford used X-rays to detect iron in the ink Cherubini had used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists bombarded the score with an X-ray beam produced by SLAC’s synchrotron lightsource. The beam, narrower than a human hair, caused iron particles in the original ink to release X-ray fluorescence, allowing scientists to distinguish the ink from the charcoal that had obscured it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”http://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/96363011″ params=”” width=” 100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We scan the beam across, back and forth, back and forth,” said SLAC physicist Uwe Bergmann, “and every time this thin X-ray beam hits one of those iron particles in the ink, it sends out this flourescent signal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The X-rays were also able to detect zinc in the ink used to print horizontal staff lines onto the paper. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about eight hours of scanning per page, the score became visible, and the music — the final lines of the aria “Du trouble affreux qui me dévore” (“The terrible disorder that consumes me”) — could finally be played. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4173\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 949px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Image-1.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4173\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Image-1.png\" alt=\"Top Left: The staff lines were printed with ink containing large quantities of zinc. When the sensors only look for X-rays associated with zinc, the obscured staff lines become clearly visible. Top Right: The handwritten musical notes were drawn using an iron gall ink. When focusing on only X-rays associated with iron, the musical notes reappear from behind the black smudges. Bottom Left: The front of the page combining the musical staffs and notes. Bottom Right: The back of the page. (SLAC)\" width=\"949\" height=\"898\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4173\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Top Left: The staff lines were printed with ink containing large quantities of zinc. When the sensors only look for X-rays associated with zinc, the obscured staff lines become clearly visible. Top Right: The handwritten musical notes were drawn using an iron gall ink. When focusing on only X-rays associated with iron, the musical notes reappear from behind the black smudges. Bottom Left: The front of the page combining the musical staffs and notes. Bottom Right: The back of the page. (SLAC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When, 216 years ago, someone mysteriously blacked out pages from the French opera Médée with charcoal, the music was lost to history. Now, scientists at Stanford’s National Accelerator Laboratory have brought those long-lost notes back to life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4174\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 452px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Image-3.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4174\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Image-3.png\" alt=\"The smudged out pages of the 1797 score of Médée and the new reconstruction, made by shooting X-rays at the paper to reveal the notes beneath. (SLAC)\" width=\"452\" height=\"407\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4174\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The smudged out pages of the 1797 score of Médée and the new reconstruction, made by shooting X-rays at the paper to reveal the notes beneath. (SLAC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobio Salvatore Cherubini was born in Florence, Italy in 1760. He befriended Beethoven in Vienna and died in Paris in 1842.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cherubini was a renowned composer, but — according to legend — critics thought his opera “Médée,” based on the Greek tale of vengeance, dragged on a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe that’s why Cherubini, or someone else, used charcoal to smudge out a page and a half of the score.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two hundred and sixteen years later, scientists at Stanford used X-rays to detect iron in the ink Cherubini had used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists bombarded the score with an X-ray beam produced by SLAC’s synchrotron lightsource. The beam, narrower than a human hair, caused iron particles in the original ink to release X-ray fluorescence, allowing scientists to distinguish the ink from the charcoal that had obscured it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”http://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/96363011″&visual=true&””'\n title='”http://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/96363011″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We scan the beam across, back and forth, back and forth,” said SLAC physicist Uwe Bergmann, “and every time this thin X-ray beam hits one of those iron particles in the ink, it sends out this flourescent signal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The X-rays were also able to detect zinc in the ink used to print horizontal staff lines onto the paper. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about eight hours of scanning per page, the score became visible, and the music — the final lines of the aria “Du trouble affreux qui me dévore” (“The terrible disorder that consumes me”) — could finally be played. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4173\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 949px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Image-1.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-4173\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/Image-1.png\" alt=\"Top Left: The staff lines were printed with ink containing large quantities of zinc. When the sensors only look for X-rays associated with zinc, the obscured staff lines become clearly visible. Top Right: The handwritten musical notes were drawn using an iron gall ink. When focusing on only X-rays associated with iron, the musical notes reappear from behind the black smudges. Bottom Left: The front of the page combining the musical staffs and notes. Bottom Right: The back of the page. (SLAC)\" width=\"949\" height=\"898\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4173\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Top Left: The staff lines were printed with ink containing large quantities of zinc. When the sensors only look for X-rays associated with zinc, the obscured staff lines become clearly visible. Top Right: The handwritten musical notes were drawn using an iron gall ink. When focusing on only X-rays associated with iron, the musical notes reappear from behind the black smudges. Bottom Left: The front of the page combining the musical staffs and notes. Bottom Right: The back of the page. (SLAC)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Southern California Nuclear Plant to Shut Down for Good",
"headTitle": "Southern California Nuclear Plant to Shut Down for Good | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_4099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4099\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/sanonofrebanner.jpg\" alt=\"sanonofrebanner\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Southern California Edison is retiring the \u003ca href=\"http://www.songscommunity.com/\">San Onofre\u003c/a> nuclear power plant. The plant has not operated since January 2012, when a radioactive leak was discovered in one of its generators. The permanent closure could put pressure on California’s electrical grid in the long-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Independent System Operator, which manages the grid, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_23412261/closure-southern-california-nuke-plant-shouldnt-lead-blackouts\">does not expect statewide problems with power supply\u003c/a>, though there \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/SummerOutlook_PowerGridIdentifiesLocalReliabilityConcerns_SouthernCaliforniaDuringHeatWaves.pdf\">could be impacts in Southern California\u003c/a> as people crank up their air conditioners this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From an overall state, perspective I’m not concerned about energy, other than the local pocket in San Diego and south of Los Angeles,” said Steve Berberich of the California Independent System Operator, the entity that balances the state’s electric grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State energy regulators were already planning for the summer without the nuclear plant’s 2,000 megawatts of power. Several transmission corridors were improved so more electricity could be imported into the area and a handful of new power plants are expected to come online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will get through this summer, assuming we don’t have any major catastrophes or fire,” says Berberich. “I think we can squeak by.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California’s power supplies \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/as-renewables-boom-california-struggles-to-quit-coal/\">were already constrained\u003c/a>, as several large natural gas plants on the coast are being retrofitted or replaced. The plants use hundreds of millions of gallons of seawater for cooling, a technology that’s being phased out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With those changes in mind, the California Public Utilities Commission \u003ca href=\"http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/california-requires-50mw-of-energy-storage-for-local-capacity-requirements-191087921.html\">approved a long-term energy plan\u003c/a> for Southern California Edison earlier this year. The utility will add 1,400-to-1,800 megawatts of power by 2021, with the majority coming from new natural gas plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The time-frame for me to be able to sleep better is really probably 2015,” said Berberich. “Let me just say, next summer I don’t expect to be quite as challenging as this summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decommissioning Costs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission is reviewing how Southern California Edison customers could be hit with the costs associated with the San Onofre plant, including maintenance and cost of replacing its power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decommissioning the nuclear plant could also cost billions, a price tag that’s generally covered by a trust fund. “Each of the nuclear plants has a decommissioning trust fund so over time they’re paying into that fund,” says Edward Randolph, energy division director at the California Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the questions that will come up is: the decommissioning fund for San Onofre is not fully funded yet since it wasn’t expected to go offline yet,” he said. “So an additional question would be: how do you fund the decommissioning when the trust fund is not fully funded yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Onofre is one of two nuclear power plants in the state. The other is \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/whats-next-for-nuclear/\">PG&E’s Diablo Canyon\u003c/a> power plant near San Luis Obispo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://www.trbimg.com/img-51b205b0/turbine/la-me-ln-san-onofre-shutdown-20130607/400/16x9\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-onofre-shutdown-20130607,0,865861.story\">Activists praise San Onofre closure, but 1,100 layoffs expected\u003c/a>Anti-nuclear activists and Sen. Barbara Boxer celebrated Southern California Edison’s announcement Friday that the troubled San Onofre nuclear plant will be permanently retired. The coastal plant near San Clemente once supplied power to about 1.4 million homes in Southern California but has been shuttered since January 2012 when a tube in its newly replaced steam generators leaked a small amount of radioactive steam, leading to the discovery that the tubes were wearing down at an unusual rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California’s power supplies \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/as-renewables-boom-california-struggles-to-quit-coal/\">were already constrained\u003c/a>, as several large natural gas plants on the coast are being retrofitted or replaced. The plants use hundreds of millions of gallons of seawater for cooling, a technology that’s being phased out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With those changes in mind, the California Public Utilities Commission \u003ca href=\"http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/california-requires-50mw-of-energy-storage-for-local-capacity-requirements-191087921.html\">approved a long-term energy plan\u003c/a> for Southern California Edison earlier this year. The utility will add 1,400-to-1,800 megawatts of power by 2021, with the majority coming from new natural gas plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The time-frame for me to be able to sleep better is really probably 2015,” said Berberich. “Let me just say, next summer I don’t expect to be quite as challenging as this summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decommissioning Costs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission is reviewing how Southern California Edison customers could be hit with the costs associated with the San Onofre plant, including maintenance and cost of replacing its power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Decommissioning the nuclear plant could also cost billions, a price tag that’s generally covered by a trust fund. “Each of the nuclear plants has a decommissioning trust fund so over time they’re paying into that fund,” says Edward Randolph, energy division director at the California Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the questions that will come up is: the decommissioning fund for San Onofre is not fully funded yet since it wasn’t expected to go offline yet,” he said. “So an additional question would be: how do you fund the decommissioning when the trust fund is not fully funded yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Onofre is one of two nuclear power plants in the state. The other is \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/whats-next-for-nuclear/\">PG&E’s Diablo Canyon\u003c/a> power plant near San Luis Obispo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://www.trbimg.com/img-51b205b0/turbine/la-me-ln-san-onofre-shutdown-20130607/400/16x9\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-onofre-shutdown-20130607,0,865861.story\">Activists praise San Onofre closure, but 1,100 layoffs expected\u003c/a>Anti-nuclear activists and Sen. Barbara Boxer celebrated Southern California Edison’s announcement Friday that the troubled San Onofre nuclear plant will be permanently retired. The coastal plant near San Clemente once supplied power to about 1.4 million homes in Southern California but has been shuttered since January 2012 when a tube in its newly replaced steam generators leaked a small amount of radioactive steam, leading to the discovery that the tubes were wearing down at an unusual rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latimes\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
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