window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_848477": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_848477",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "848477",
"found": true
},
"parent": 848472,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628.jpg",
"width": 3871,
"height": 2582
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-1440x960.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-1920x1281.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1281
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS2765_SolarCrew2054-e1468519415628-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468519357,
"modified": 1468519584,
"caption": "As states develop more wind and solar power, carbon emissions have been falling, according to a new report released Wednesday.",
"description": null,
"title": "RS2765_SolarCrew2054",
"credit": "Craig Miller/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_846071": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_846071",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "846071",
"found": true
},
"parent": 845966,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-400x269.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 269
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-960x645.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 645
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813.jpg",
"width": 2100,
"height": 1411
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-1440x968.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 968
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-800x538.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 538
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-1920x1290.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1290
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-1180x793.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 793
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-768x516.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 516
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS1570_heatwavepower120120813-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468430364,
"modified": 1468430446,
"caption": "The hot noonday sun shines through power lines in Redondo Beach, California. ",
"description": null,
"title": "The hot noonday sun shines through power lines as",
"credit": "Gerard Burkhart/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_841668": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_841668",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "841668",
"found": true
},
"parent": 841666,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE.jpg",
"width": 5616,
"height": 3744
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-1440x960.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/iStock_18222596_XXXLARGE-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468278051,
"modified": 1520545412,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Hydrocodone Has Dark Side as Recreational Drug",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_841350": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_841350",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "841350",
"found": true
},
"parent": 841345,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-960x641.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 641
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"height": 961
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-1440x961.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 961
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-768x513.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 513
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468267044,
"modified": 1468267271,
"caption": "Gov. Jerry Brown speaking at a snow survey in 2015, when the California Department of Water Resources \nobserved below-normal precipitation during unusually warm weather.",
"description": null,
"title": "RS14681_04-01-15-Snow_Survey_2 (1)",
"credit": "Florence Low/California Dept. of Water Resources",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_841133": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_841133",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "841133",
"found": true
},
"parent": 841128,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-400x269.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 269
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-960x644.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 644
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o.jpg",
"width": 3048,
"height": 2046
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-1440x967.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 967
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-800x537.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 537
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-1920x1289.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1289
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-1180x792.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 792
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-768x516.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 516
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/16984548569_1baee14020_o-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468259031,
"modified": 1468260129,
"caption": "State law SB 837 will affect previously\nunregulated marijuana irrigation, which has dried up some streams, starved endangered fish of water and contributed to water quality problems caused by erosion, pesticides and herbicides.",
"description": null,
"title": "16984548569_1baee14020_o",
"credit": "\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/29DzAAP\" target=\"_blank\">Manuel/flickr\u003c/a>",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_841021": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_841021",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "841021",
"found": true
},
"parent": 841018,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/ocean_CC-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/ocean_CC-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/ocean_CC.jpg",
"width": 720,
"height": 405
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/ocean_CC-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/ocean_CC-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/ocean_CC-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/ocean_CC-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/ocean_CC-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/ocean_CC-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468255850,
"modified": 1468255886,
"caption": "A southern Californian coastline.\n",
"description": null,
"title": "ocean_CC",
"credit": "Chad McDonald/Flickr",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_841009": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_841009",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "841009",
"found": true
},
"parent": 841008,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-400x266.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 266
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-960x639.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 639
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545.jpg",
"width": 1800,
"height": 1198
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-1440x958.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 958
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-800x532.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 532
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-1180x785.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 785
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-768x511.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 511
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/clouds_enl-b6713f46b01e7ee19ef39787e6d605398c536545-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468254051,
"modified": 1468254182,
"caption": "About 70 percent of Earth is covered by clouds at any given moment. Their interaction with climate isn't easy to study, scientists say; these shape-shifters move quickly.",
"description": null,
"title": "About 70 percent of Earth is covered by clouds at any given moment. Their interaction with climate isn't easy to study, scientists say; these shape-shifters move quickly.",
"credit": "NOAA/Flickr",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_826737": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_826737",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "826737",
"found": true
},
"parent": 826631,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosetta-comet67p-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosetta-comet67p-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosetta-comet67p.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosetta-comet67p-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosetta-comet67p-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosetta-comet67p-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosetta-comet67p-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosetta-comet67p-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosetta-comet67p-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosetta-comet67p-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosetta-comet67p-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1467755603,
"modified": 1467755679,
"caption": "Artist concept of the Rosetta spacecraft and image of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko taken by Rosetta. ",
"description": "Artist concept of the Rosetta spacecraft and image of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko taken by Rosetta. ",
"title": "rosetta-comet67p",
"credit": "ESA/Rosetta",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_831300": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_831300",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "831300",
"found": true
},
"parent": 831295,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-400x300.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 300
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329.jpg",
"width": 1600,
"height": 1200
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-1440x1080.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS10794_IMG_3329-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1467913980,
"modified": 1467914000,
"caption": "Sprinklers water crops in the Tulelake Irrigation District with water from the Klamath River.",
"description": null,
"title": "RS10794_IMG_3329",
"credit": "Craig Miller/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_831287": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_831287",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "831287",
"found": true
},
"parent": 831285,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68.jpg",
"width": 1201,
"height": 675
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-1180x663.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 663
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/004_wide-cd1870d00597ea31041b65871baf6a887c696f68-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1467912268,
"modified": 1467913174,
"caption": "The curb in Hayward, shown in March 2006, has changed over the years. For decades it moved about 4 millimeters per year.",
"description": null,
"title": "The curb in Hayward, shown in March 2006, has changed over the years. For decades it moved about 4 millimeters per year.",
"credit": "Andrew Alden",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_829364": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_829364",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "829364",
"found": true
},
"parent": 829260,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-400x266.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 266
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-960x639.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 639
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"height": 959
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-1440x959.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 959
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-768x511.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 511
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1467843710,
"modified": 1467843843,
"caption": "May was the last month of mandatory water conservation in California. In the future, water districts will determine how much they need to save.",
"description": null,
"title": "RS13751_spigot-e1414789543327-qut",
"credit": "Szasz-Fabian Jozsef",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_759061": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_759061",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "759061",
"found": true
},
"parent": 758960,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/juno_at_jupiter-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/juno_at_jupiter-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/juno_at_jupiter.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/juno_at_jupiter-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/juno_at_jupiter-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/juno_at_jupiter-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/juno_at_jupiter-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/juno_at_jupiter-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/juno_at_jupiter-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/juno_at_jupiter-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/06/juno_at_jupiter-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1465407922,
"modified": 1465407974,
"caption": "Artist depiction of NASA's Juno spacecraft after it enters a close orbit around Jupiter on July 4th. ",
"description": "Artist depiction of NASA's Juno spacecraft after it enters a close orbit around Jupiter on July 4th. ",
"title": "juno_at_jupiter",
"credit": "Juno/NASA",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_848472": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_848472",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_848472",
"name": "Bobby Magaill\u003c/br>Climate Central",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_845966": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_845966",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_845966",
"name": "Climate Central",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_841345": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_841345",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_841345",
"name": "Ellen Knickmeyer\u003c/br>Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_841128": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_841128",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_841128",
"name": "Matt Weiser\u003c/br>Water Deeply",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_841018": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_841018",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_841018",
"name": "John Upton\u003c/br>Climate Central",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_841008": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_841008",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_841008",
"name": "Nell Greenfieldboyce\u003c/br>NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_831295": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_831295",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_831295",
"name": "Eline Gordts\u003c/br>Water Deeply",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_831285": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_831285",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_831285",
"name": "Camila Domonoske\u003c/br>NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_829260": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_829260",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_829260",
"name": "Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_824984": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_824984",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_824984",
"name": "Alicia Chang\u003c/br>Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"ben-burress": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6180",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6180",
"found": true
},
"name": "Ben Burress",
"firstName": "Ben",
"lastName": "Burress",
"slug": "ben-burress",
"email": "bburress@chabotspace.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "\u003cstrong>Benjamin Burress\u003c/strong> has been a staff astronomer at Chabot Space & Science Center since July 1999. He graduated from Sonoma State University in 1985 with a bachelor’s degree in physics (and minor in astronomy), after which he signed on for a two-year stint in the Peace Corps, where he taught physics and mathematics in the African nation of Cameroon. From 1989-96 he served on the crew of NASA’s Kuiper Airborne Observatory at Ames Research Center in Mountain View, CA. From 1996-99, he was Head Observer at the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer program at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/ben-burress/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Ben Burress | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/ben-burress"
},
"lesleymcclurg": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11229",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11229",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lesley McClurg",
"firstName": "Lesley",
"lastName": "McClurg",
"slug": "lesleymcclurg",
"email": "lmcclurg@KQED.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"news",
"science"
],
"title": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"bio": "Lesley McClurg is a health correspondent and fill-in host whose work is regularly rebroadcast on NPR and PBS programs. She’s earned multiple regional Emmy awards, a national and a regional Edward R. Murrow award, and was named Best Beat Reporter by the Association of Health Care Journalists. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her work several times, and the Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her coverage of California’s historic drought.\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2016, Lesley covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, environmental issues for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for KUOW and KCTS 9 in Seattle. Away from the newsroom, she loves skiing with her daughter, mountain biking with her partner, and playing with Ollie, the family’s goldendoodle. On deadline, she runs almost entirely on chocolate chips.\r\n\r\n ",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "lesleywmcclurg",
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "forum",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "liveblog",
"roles": [
"author"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lesley McClurg | KQED",
"description": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lesleymcclurg"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_news": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"score": 10.814472
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "News",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 221
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=news",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 221
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_848472": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_848472",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "848472",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468519683000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468519683,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Clean Energy Puts a Dent in Carbon Dioxide Emissions",
"headTitle": "Clean Energy Puts a Dent in Carbon Dioxide Emissions | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Americans are using less electricity as buildings become more energy-efficient and industrial power demand weakens, and \u003ca href=\"http://mjbradley.com/benchmarking-air-emissions\">a new report\u003c/a> says that is leading to three trends: Declining carbon dioxide emissions, low electric power prices and the decline of coal, which has until recently been the primary fuel used to produce electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the nation’s largest electric utilities have been slow to cut carbon dioxide emissions in recent years, but as coal-fired power plants are shut down and states develop more wind and solar, carbon emissions are falling more quickly, according to the report published Wednesday by Bank of America, the Natural Resources Defense Council, climate think tank \u003ca href=\"http://ceres.org/press/press-releases/air-emissions-report\">Ceres\u003c/a> and three major utilities — \u003ca href=\"http://www.exeloncorp.com/\">Exelon\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://entergy.com/\">Entergy\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.calpine.com/\">Calpine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. power plants’ carbon dioxide emissions were 14 percent higher in 2014 than they were in 1990. But the good news for the climate is that emissions fell about 15 percent between 2005 and 2014, and early data suggest that they fell another 6 percent between 2014 and 2015, reducing emissions to just above 1990 levels, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, spurred by environmental regulations under the Clean Air Act, utilities have cut their nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide emissions — major air pollutants — by more than 75 percent since 1990, and mercury emissions were cut 55 percent since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Less progress has been made in terms of reducing CO2 emissions,” the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generating electricity is the primary source of greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change both in the U.S. and across the globe and the target of the Obama administration’s most sweeping climate policy — the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-suit-against-the-clean-power-plan-explained-20234\">Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>. But the way Americans produce and use electricity is changing, and the climate may benefit, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More zero-carbon energy is being produced from wind and solar, and low natural gas prices and mercury pollution regulations are encouraging utilities to shutter coal-fired-power plants and open new ones that run on natural gas, which emits less carbon dioxide, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Renewable energy is widely expected to continue its strong growth, which will put the electricity sector in an excellent position to help the U.S. meet its international commitments,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/starla-yeh\">Starla Yeh\u003c/a>, senior policy analyst in the Climate and Clean Air Program at NRDC. “We must reach this milestone to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most progress in reducing carbon emissions from electric power plants has been made in New England and the South, where many states have cut their carbon emissions rate by greater than 20 percent since 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceres.org/industry-initiatives/electric-power/benchmarking-air-emissions-of-the-100-largest-electric-power-producers/benchmarking-air-emissions-of-the-100-largest-electric-power-producers\">stands out\u003c/a> because the region has been traditionally resistant to renewables, but with a greater focus on shutting down coal-fired power plants, six states have cut the rate of their carbon emissions by more than 20 percent between 2008 and 2014. Those states include North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The primary factor is a shift away from coal and toward natural gas,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceres.org/about-us/who-we-are/ceres-staff/dan-bakal\">Dan Bakal\u003c/a>, director of electric power for Ceres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Southern states have added renewables and use some nuclear power, but those were not major factors in their emissions reductions, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states with the highest power plant carbon emissions rates are Kentucky, Wyoming, West Virginia, Indiana and Missouri — all states heavily dependent on coal, according to the report. States with the lowest emissions rates are Vermont, Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Maine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 607,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1704929923,
"excerpt": "A new report shows electric power utilities are reducing carbon pollution that fuels climate change.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A new report shows electric power utilities are reducing carbon pollution that fuels climate change.",
"title": "Clean Energy Puts a Dent in Carbon Dioxide Emissions | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Clean Energy Puts a Dent in Carbon Dioxide Emissions",
"datePublished": "2016-07-14T11:08:03-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:38:43-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "clean-energy-puts-a-dent-in-carbon-dioxide-emissions",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Bobby Magaill\u003c/br>Climate Central",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate Central",
"path": "/science/848472/clean-energy-puts-a-dent-in-carbon-dioxide-emissions",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Americans are using less electricity as buildings become more energy-efficient and industrial power demand weakens, and \u003ca href=\"http://mjbradley.com/benchmarking-air-emissions\">a new report\u003c/a> says that is leading to three trends: Declining carbon dioxide emissions, low electric power prices and the decline of coal, which has until recently been the primary fuel used to produce electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the nation’s largest electric utilities have been slow to cut carbon dioxide emissions in recent years, but as coal-fired power plants are shut down and states develop more wind and solar, carbon emissions are falling more quickly, according to the report published Wednesday by Bank of America, the Natural Resources Defense Council, climate think tank \u003ca href=\"http://ceres.org/press/press-releases/air-emissions-report\">Ceres\u003c/a> and three major utilities — \u003ca href=\"http://www.exeloncorp.com/\">Exelon\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://entergy.com/\">Entergy\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.calpine.com/\">Calpine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. power plants’ carbon dioxide emissions were 14 percent higher in 2014 than they were in 1990. But the good news for the climate is that emissions fell about 15 percent between 2005 and 2014, and early data suggest that they fell another 6 percent between 2014 and 2015, reducing emissions to just above 1990 levels, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, spurred by environmental regulations under the Clean Air Act, utilities have cut their nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide emissions — major air pollutants — by more than 75 percent since 1990, and mercury emissions were cut 55 percent since 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Less progress has been made in terms of reducing CO2 emissions,” the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generating electricity is the primary source of greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change both in the U.S. and across the globe and the target of the Obama administration’s most sweeping climate policy — the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-suit-against-the-clean-power-plan-explained-20234\">Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>. But the way Americans produce and use electricity is changing, and the climate may benefit, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More zero-carbon energy is being produced from wind and solar, and low natural gas prices and mercury pollution regulations are encouraging utilities to shutter coal-fired-power plants and open new ones that run on natural gas, which emits less carbon dioxide, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Renewable energy is widely expected to continue its strong growth, which will put the electricity sector in an excellent position to help the U.S. meet its international commitments,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/experts/starla-yeh\">Starla Yeh\u003c/a>, senior policy analyst in the Climate and Clean Air Program at NRDC. “We must reach this milestone to avoid the worst impacts of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most progress in reducing carbon emissions from electric power plants has been made in New England and the South, where many states have cut their carbon emissions rate by greater than 20 percent since 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceres.org/industry-initiatives/electric-power/benchmarking-air-emissions-of-the-100-largest-electric-power-producers/benchmarking-air-emissions-of-the-100-largest-electric-power-producers\">stands out\u003c/a> because the region has been traditionally resistant to renewables, but with a greater focus on shutting down coal-fired power plants, six states have cut the rate of their carbon emissions by more than 20 percent between 2008 and 2014. Those states include North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The primary factor is a shift away from coal and toward natural gas,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceres.org/about-us/who-we-are/ceres-staff/dan-bakal\">Dan Bakal\u003c/a>, director of electric power for Ceres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Southern states have added renewables and use some nuclear power, but those were not major factors in their emissions reductions, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states with the highest power plant carbon emissions rates are Kentucky, Wyoming, West Virginia, Indiana and Missouri — all states heavily dependent on coal, according to the report. States with the lowest emissions rates are Vermont, Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Maine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/848472/clean-energy-puts-a-dent-in-carbon-dioxide-emissions",
"authors": [
"byline_science_848472"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_40"
],
"featImg": "science_848477",
"label": "source_science_848472"
},
"science_845966": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_845966",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "845966",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468431909000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468431909,
"format": "standard",
"title": "U.S. Faces Dramatic Rise in Extreme Heat, Humidity",
"headTitle": "U.S. Faces Dramatic Rise in Extreme Heat, Humidity | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Across the U.S., we’ve hit the dog days of summer. Most regions are now seeing their hottest temperatures of the year, and the combination of heat and high humidity sends most people running for a cold drink, some shade, or an air conditioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is the No.1 weather related killer, and as carbon pollution continues, global temperatures will keep climbing, bringing hotter summers and more extreme and dangerous heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central’s \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://impact.statesatrisk.org/\">States at Risk\u003c/a> \u003c/em>project analyzed historic trends in summer temperatures since 1970 as well as projections for future extreme heat for hundreds of metro areas across the lower 48 states. Using several measures, our findings show that most U.S. cities have already experienced large increases in extreme summer heat and absolute humidity, which together can cause serious heat-related health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We found that scores of U.S. cities home to tens of millions of people will face dramatic increases in dangerous and extreme heat days by the middle of this century if current greenhouse gas emissions trends continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hottest parts of the country, including Texas, the Southwest, and Florida have already experienced large increases in extreme heat days, including days over 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F, as well as rising levels of humidity that make hot days feel miserable and extremely hot days downright dangerous. Cities in those same states are facing the biggest projected increases in dangerous heat over the next several decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Florida\u003c/strong> faces by far the greatest increase in the dangerous combination of heat and humidity over the next several decades. The 13 metro areas in the U.S. projected to see the greatest increase in danger days by 2050, are all in Florida. Every one of these cities is projected to see an increase of more than 100 dangerous heat days — when the heat index, a combination of heat and humidity, is more than 104°F — by that time. This will only accelerate changes already seen in Florida, where Miami tops the nation with the greatest increase in annual average 90\u003csup>o\u003c/sup>F days per year since 1970 with 46 more such days. McAllen, Texas is second, with 26, followed by Tucson with 25.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Texas\u003c/strong> tops the nation in extreme heat, with 6 of the top 7 cities with the greatest increase in 95°F days, including Austin, San Antonio, and Corpus Christi. In addition, three Texas cities lead the nation in projected danger days by 2050. Nearly half the year, between 168 and 179 days, will be what the National Weather Service considers dangerous heat days by 2050 in McAllen, Laredo, and Brownsville-Harlingen.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Arizona\u003c/strong> is also hard hit, with Phoenix projected to see 146 danger days by 2050, Tucson expected to see 135, and Yuma projected to have 159. As a harbinger of these changes, Tucson now has 24 more days above 100°F on average per year than in the 1970s, the second largest increase in the nation.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846073\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC.jpg\" alt=\"Summer Sizzle_CC\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846074\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat.png\" alt=\"Impacts of extreme heat\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme heat and the combination of high heat and humidity pose serious risks for human health. According to the National Weather Service, heat is the No.1 weather-related killer in the U.S. — more than tornados, floods, and hurricanes — and it is estimated that between 600 and 1,500 heat-related deaths occur in an average summer in the U.S.\u003csup>1,2\u003c/sup> Individual heat waves can be even more deadly. The 1995 heat wave in Chicago is estimated to have led to more than 700 deaths and in excess of 1000 more hospital admissions than normal.\u003csup>3,4\u003c/sup>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This deadly risk is not likely to go away. By the end of the century, heat-related deaths are projected to increase by thousands to tens-of-thousands each year in the U.S.\u003csup>5\u003c/sup> Those most at risk of heat-related health impacts are infants and young children, elderly over 65, those already ill, athletes, and outdoor workers\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>. But everyone is potentially at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elevated heat, especially along with high humidity, makes it difficult for the body to cool itself. In addition to increasing the risk of mortality, heat can cause problems throughout the body. It can range from dehydration, cramps, exhaustion, dizziness, vomiting and heat rash to more serious issues involving kidney failure, heart issues, and exacerbation of respiratory issues\u003csup>6,7\u003c/sup>. These heat impacts also provide a challenge to the healthcare industry with increased hospitalizations and doctors’ visits and insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High heat also impacts other sectors and infrastructure. Stagnant air often occurs during periods of elevated heat and allows dangerous levels of air pollutants to build up. High temperatures also directly provide conditions conducive for producing harmful ground-level ozone. Periods of extreme heat can wither crops and exacerbate drought conditions greatly impacting agriculture. Blackouts often accompany heat-waves as the need for cooling puts a heavy strain on the power grid. Heat waves can also lead to harmful algal blooms and promote other bacterial growth in bodies of water and lead to degraded fish habitat, such as for species that require cooler streams and rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming.png\" alt=\"More danger days coming\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of hot temperatures and high humidity create dangerous conditions for humans. The National Weather Service defines as dangerous any day when the heat index (the combination of heat and humidity, commonly known as the “feels like temperature”) exceeds 104°F. Under these conditions, sunstroke and heat exhaustion are likely, and physical activity or being outside for long periods is risky, potentially leading to heat stroke. These dangerous heat days pose the greatest threat to kids and the elderly, and to people who don’t have easy access to air conditioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846078\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg.jpg\" alt=\"DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We analyzed 360 of the biggest U.S. cities to see how the average number of danger days is projected to increase in the coming decades. The projections draw on 29 global climate models that have been downscaled across the continental U.S. to represent local climate conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 U.S. cities expected to see the most danger days by 2050 are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846081\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-400x398.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 25 U.S. cities projected to see the biggest increase in danger days over current conditions are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846083\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c-400x387.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846084\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in the absence of high humidity, extremely hot days pose a considerable health threat, particularly under prolonged exposure. Across most of the U.S. temperatures have increasingly been exceeding 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F since 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our analysis of trends in extreme heat days is based on annual counts of 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F exceedances in the country’s largest 200 cities. The hottest cities are seeing the biggest average increases in extreme heat days, in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 cities that have seen the biggest increase in annual average days above 90°F since 1970:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-400x388.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 10 cities that have seen the biggest increase in 100°F days are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846086\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c-400x420.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846087\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1970, summers have been warming in 45 of the lower 48 states. In many of these states, this warming is driven largely by nighttime temperatures getting hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846088\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers.png\" alt=\"Fastest warming summers\" width=\"500\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-400x399.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers.png\" alt=\"Steamier summers\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As temperatures rise, evaporation increases, causing increased water vapor in the air. That extra moisture makes the air feel muggier, and can make it a lot more difficult to tolerate the heat because our bodies have a harder time keeping cool through perspiration. As summers warm across the country from increasing greenhouse gases, cities are also getting sticker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central analyzed how the average summer dew point has changed in 200 major U.S. cities since 1970 (the \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/videos/ask-a-met-dew-point\">dew point\u003c/a> is a measure of how much moisture is in the air). We found that 87 percent of those cities have experienced an overall increase in their average summer dew point over the past 46 years, indicating that there is typically more moisture in the air on hot summer days now than there used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 cities seeing the largest increase in summer air moisture since the 1970s are (several of which are among the fastest warming cities in the country):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846090\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-400x396.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Analysis by Alyson Kenward, PhD, Jennifer Brady, James Bronzan and Todd Sanford. Read full \u003ca href=\"http://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/Heat_methodology.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">methodology\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Footnotes:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1. Harvard Medical School (2005), \u003ca href=\"http://ccsl.iccip.net/ccf_report_oct_06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Change Futures: Health, Ecological and Economic Dimensions\u003c/a>, Cambridge, MA: The Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>2. Centers for Disease Control, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/extremeheat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Extreme Heat and Your Health\u003c/a>, 2011\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>3. Palecki et al. (2001), Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. T\u003ca href=\"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0477%282001%29082%3C1353%3ATNAIOT%3E2.3.CO%3B2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he Nature and Impacts of the July 1999 Heat Wave in the Midwestern United States: Learning From the Lessons of 1995\u003c/a>. 82:7, 1353. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>4. Semenza et al. (1999), Am. J. Preventive Med. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379799000252\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Excessive Hospitalizations During the July 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago\u003c/a>. 16:4, 269. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>5. U.S. Global Change Research Program (2016), T\u003ca href=\"https://health2016.globalchange.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>6. Becker, J.A. and L.K. Stewart (2011), American Family Physician. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21661715\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heat-related illness\u003c/a>. 83:11, 1325.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>7. Glazer, J.L. (2005), American Family Physician. \u003ca href=\"http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0601/p2133.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Management of Heatstroke and Heat Exhaustion\u003c/a>. 71:11, 2133.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1553,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 46
},
"modified": 1704929927,
"excerpt": "As carbon pollution continues, global temperatures will keep climbing, bringing hotter summers and more extreme and dangerous heat.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "As carbon pollution continues, global temperatures will keep climbing, bringing hotter summers and more extreme and dangerous heat.",
"title": "U.S. Faces Dramatic Rise in Extreme Heat, Humidity | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "U.S. Faces Dramatic Rise in Extreme Heat, Humidity",
"datePublished": "2016-07-13T10:45:09-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:38:47-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "u-s-faces-dramatic-rise-in-extreme-heat-humidity",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "http://www.climatecentral.org/",
"nprByline": "Climate Central",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate Central",
"path": "/science/845966/u-s-faces-dramatic-rise-in-extreme-heat-humidity",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Across the U.S., we’ve hit the dog days of summer. Most regions are now seeing their hottest temperatures of the year, and the combination of heat and high humidity sends most people running for a cold drink, some shade, or an air conditioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is the No.1 weather related killer, and as carbon pollution continues, global temperatures will keep climbing, bringing hotter summers and more extreme and dangerous heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central’s \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://impact.statesatrisk.org/\">States at Risk\u003c/a> \u003c/em>project analyzed historic trends in summer temperatures since 1970 as well as projections for future extreme heat for hundreds of metro areas across the lower 48 states. Using several measures, our findings show that most U.S. cities have already experienced large increases in extreme summer heat and absolute humidity, which together can cause serious heat-related health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We found that scores of U.S. cities home to tens of millions of people will face dramatic increases in dangerous and extreme heat days by the middle of this century if current greenhouse gas emissions trends continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hottest parts of the country, including Texas, the Southwest, and Florida have already experienced large increases in extreme heat days, including days over 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F, as well as rising levels of humidity that make hot days feel miserable and extremely hot days downright dangerous. Cities in those same states are facing the biggest projected increases in dangerous heat over the next several decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Florida\u003c/strong> faces by far the greatest increase in the dangerous combination of heat and humidity over the next several decades. The 13 metro areas in the U.S. projected to see the greatest increase in danger days by 2050, are all in Florida. Every one of these cities is projected to see an increase of more than 100 dangerous heat days — when the heat index, a combination of heat and humidity, is more than 104°F — by that time. This will only accelerate changes already seen in Florida, where Miami tops the nation with the greatest increase in annual average 90\u003csup>o\u003c/sup>F days per year since 1970 with 46 more such days. McAllen, Texas is second, with 26, followed by Tucson with 25.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Texas\u003c/strong> tops the nation in extreme heat, with 6 of the top 7 cities with the greatest increase in 95°F days, including Austin, San Antonio, and Corpus Christi. In addition, three Texas cities lead the nation in projected danger days by 2050. Nearly half the year, between 168 and 179 days, will be what the National Weather Service considers dangerous heat days by 2050 in McAllen, Laredo, and Brownsville-Harlingen.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Arizona\u003c/strong> is also hard hit, with Phoenix projected to see 146 danger days by 2050, Tucson expected to see 135, and Yuma projected to have 159. As a harbinger of these changes, Tucson now has 24 more days above 100°F on average per year than in the 1970s, the second largest increase in the nation.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846073\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC.jpg\" alt=\"Summer Sizzle_CC\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Summer-Sizzle_CC-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846074\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat.png\" alt=\"Impacts of extreme heat\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Impacts-of-extreme-heat-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme heat and the combination of high heat and humidity pose serious risks for human health. According to the National Weather Service, heat is the No.1 weather-related killer in the U.S. — more than tornados, floods, and hurricanes — and it is estimated that between 600 and 1,500 heat-related deaths occur in an average summer in the U.S.\u003csup>1,2\u003c/sup> Individual heat waves can be even more deadly. The 1995 heat wave in Chicago is estimated to have led to more than 700 deaths and in excess of 1000 more hospital admissions than normal.\u003csup>3,4\u003c/sup>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This deadly risk is not likely to go away. By the end of the century, heat-related deaths are projected to increase by thousands to tens-of-thousands each year in the U.S.\u003csup>5\u003c/sup> Those most at risk of heat-related health impacts are infants and young children, elderly over 65, those already ill, athletes, and outdoor workers\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>. But everyone is potentially at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elevated heat, especially along with high humidity, makes it difficult for the body to cool itself. In addition to increasing the risk of mortality, heat can cause problems throughout the body. It can range from dehydration, cramps, exhaustion, dizziness, vomiting and heat rash to more serious issues involving kidney failure, heart issues, and exacerbation of respiratory issues\u003csup>6,7\u003c/sup>. These heat impacts also provide a challenge to the healthcare industry with increased hospitalizations and doctors’ visits and insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High heat also impacts other sectors and infrastructure. Stagnant air often occurs during periods of elevated heat and allows dangerous levels of air pollutants to build up. High temperatures also directly provide conditions conducive for producing harmful ground-level ozone. Periods of extreme heat can wither crops and exacerbate drought conditions greatly impacting agriculture. Blackouts often accompany heat-waves as the need for cooling puts a heavy strain on the power grid. Heat waves can also lead to harmful algal blooms and promote other bacterial growth in bodies of water and lead to degraded fish habitat, such as for species that require cooler streams and rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming.png\" alt=\"More danger days coming\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/More-danger-days-coming-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of hot temperatures and high humidity create dangerous conditions for humans. The National Weather Service defines as dangerous any day when the heat index (the combination of heat and humidity, commonly known as the “feels like temperature”) exceeds 104°F. Under these conditions, sunstroke and heat exhaustion are likely, and physical activity or being outside for long periods is risky, potentially leading to heat stroke. These dangerous heat days pose the greatest threat to kids and the elderly, and to people who don’t have easy access to air conditioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846078\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg.jpg\" alt=\"DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDays_sanfrancisco_en_title_lg-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We analyzed 360 of the biggest U.S. cities to see how the average number of danger days is projected to increase in the coming decades. The projections draw on 29 global climate models that have been downscaled across the continental U.S. to represent local climate conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 U.S. cities expected to see the most danger days by 2050 are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846081\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"497\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-400x398.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysrank_heat_500_497_s_c1_c_c-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 25 U.S. cities projected to see the biggest increase in danger days over current conditions are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846083\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"484\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c-400x387.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/DangerDaysgrowth_heat_500_484_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846084\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_dayssince1970_720_40_s_c1_c_c-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in the absence of high humidity, extremely hot days pose a considerable health threat, particularly under prolonged exposure. Across most of the U.S. temperatures have increasingly been exceeding 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F since 1970.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our analysis of trends in extreme heat days is based on annual counts of 90°F, 95°F, and 100°F exceedances in the country’s largest 200 cities. The hottest cities are seeing the biggest average increases in extreme heat days, in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 cities that have seen the biggest increase in annual average days above 90°F since 1970:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-400x388.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_90days_rank_500_485_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 10 cities that have seen the biggest increase in 100°F days are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846086\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_100days_rank_500_525_s_c1_c_c-400x420.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846087\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/heatBanner_warmingsummers_720_40_s_c1_c_c-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1970, summers have been warming in 45 of the lower 48 states. In many of these states, this warming is driven largely by nighttime temperatures getting hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846088\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers.png\" alt=\"Fastest warming summers\" width=\"500\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-400x399.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Fastest-warming-summers-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers.png\" alt=\"Steamier summers\" width=\"720\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers.png 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Steamier-summers-400x22.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As temperatures rise, evaporation increases, causing increased water vapor in the air. That extra moisture makes the air feel muggier, and can make it a lot more difficult to tolerate the heat because our bodies have a harder time keeping cool through perspiration. As summers warm across the country from increasing greenhouse gases, cities are also getting sticker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central analyzed how the average summer dew point has changed in 200 major U.S. cities since 1970 (the \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/videos/ask-a-met-dew-point\">dew point\u003c/a> is a measure of how much moisture is in the air). We found that 87 percent of those cities have experienced an overall increase in their average summer dew point over the past 46 years, indicating that there is typically more moisture in the air on hot summer days now than there used to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top 25 cities seeing the largest increase in summer air moisture since the 1970s are (several of which are among the fastest warming cities in the country):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-846090\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c.png\" alt=\"HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c\" width=\"500\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c.png 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-400x396.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/HeatReport_Dewpoints_500_495_s_c1_c_c-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Analysis by Alyson Kenward, PhD, Jennifer Brady, James Bronzan and Todd Sanford. Read full \u003ca href=\"http://assets.climatecentral.org/pdfs/Heat_methodology.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">methodology\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Footnotes:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1. Harvard Medical School (2005), \u003ca href=\"http://ccsl.iccip.net/ccf_report_oct_06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Change Futures: Health, Ecological and Economic Dimensions\u003c/a>, Cambridge, MA: The Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>2. Centers for Disease Control, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/extremeheat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Extreme Heat and Your Health\u003c/a>, 2011\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>3. Palecki et al. (2001), Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. T\u003ca href=\"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0477%282001%29082%3C1353%3ATNAIOT%3E2.3.CO%3B2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he Nature and Impacts of the July 1999 Heat Wave in the Midwestern United States: Learning From the Lessons of 1995\u003c/a>. 82:7, 1353. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>4. Semenza et al. (1999), Am. J. Preventive Med. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749379799000252\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Excessive Hospitalizations During the July 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago\u003c/a>. 16:4, 269. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>5. U.S. Global Change Research Program (2016), T\u003ca href=\"https://health2016.globalchange.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>6. Becker, J.A. and L.K. Stewart (2011), American Family Physician. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21661715\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heat-related illness\u003c/a>. 83:11, 1325.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>7. Glazer, J.L. (2005), American Family Physician. \u003ca href=\"http://www.aafp.org/afp/2005/0601/p2133.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Management of Heatstroke and Heat Exhaustion\u003c/a>. 71:11, 2133.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/845966/u-s-faces-dramatic-rise-in-extreme-heat-humidity",
"authors": [
"byline_science_845966"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"featImg": "science_846071",
"label": "source_science_845966"
},
"science_841666": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_841666",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "841666",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468328438000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468328438,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Study: Opiate Addiction More Likely After Certain Surgeries",
"headTitle": "Study: Opiate Addiction More Likely After Certain Surgeries | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The chance that you’ll get hooked on painkillers after surgery is low — only about five in a thousand people do, according to a new Stanford \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2532789\">study\u003c/a>. But researchers found that the type of surgery can make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The surgeries that were at high risk were knee replacements, breast surgeries, hip replacements and open gallbladder surgeries.” says \u003ca href=\"https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/eric-sun\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Eric Sun\u003c/a>, anesthesiologist and lead author on the study, published Monday in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine. He says these procedures, which can involve particularly painful post-operative recovery, were about twice as likely to lead to chronic opioid use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also noted that males, the elderly and people taking Valium or antidepressants before surgery were also more likely to progress to chronic opioid use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Defining ‘Chronic Use’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists reviewed nearly 642,000 health insurance claims filed between 2001 and 2013 for 11 common types of surgery. The authors tracked whether procedures led to chronic opioid use, defined as 10 or more prescriptions or receiving more than a 120-day supply of an opioid like fentanyl or oxycodone in the first year after a surgical procedure, excluding the first three months after surgery.\u003ci>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in previous studies, Stanford researchers examined patients who did not have an opioid prescription for at least one year prior to surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alternative Treatments\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sun says patients shouldn’t be deterred from having surgery because they fear an addiction to fentanyl or oxycodone. But he does recommend surgeons consider alternative options like Tylenol, Advil or regional anesthesia like nerve blocks. There are also psychological approaches to relieve pain and calm the nervous system, like \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Understanding_COPD/hic_Pulmonary_Rehabilitation_Is_it_for_You/hic_Diaphragmatic_Breathing\">diaphragmatic breathing\u003c/a> or meditation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope that by optimizing patients’ psychology — and giving them skills to calm their own nervous system,” notes study co-author and pain psychologist \u003ca href=\"https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/beth-darnall\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beth Darnell\u003c/a> “they will have less pain after surgery, need fewer opioids and recover quicker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opioids on the Rise\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day 78 Americans die from an opioid overdose, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/a> Since the late 1990’s the number of deaths from prescription opioids like oxycodone, hydrocodone and methadone has quadrupled. In 2014 more people died from drug overdoses than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 381,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1704929939,
"excerpt": "The chance that you’ll get hooked on painkillers after surgery is low, but researchers found that the type of surgery can make a difference.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The chance that you’ll get hooked on painkillers after surgery is low, but researchers found that the type of surgery can make a difference.",
"title": "Study: Opiate Addiction More Likely After Certain Surgeries | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Study: Opiate Addiction More Likely After Certain Surgeries",
"datePublished": "2016-07-12T06:00:38-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:38:59-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "study-opiate-addiction-more-likely-after-certain-surgeries",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/841666/study-opiate-addiction-more-likely-after-certain-surgeries",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The chance that you’ll get hooked on painkillers after surgery is low — only about five in a thousand people do, according to a new Stanford \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2532789\">study\u003c/a>. But researchers found that the type of surgery can make a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The surgeries that were at high risk were knee replacements, breast surgeries, hip replacements and open gallbladder surgeries.” says \u003ca href=\"https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/eric-sun\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Eric Sun\u003c/a>, anesthesiologist and lead author on the study, published Monday in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine. He says these procedures, which can involve particularly painful post-operative recovery, were about twice as likely to lead to chronic opioid use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also noted that males, the elderly and people taking Valium or antidepressants before surgery were also more likely to progress to chronic opioid use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Defining ‘Chronic Use’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists reviewed nearly 642,000 health insurance claims filed between 2001 and 2013 for 11 common types of surgery. The authors tracked whether procedures led to chronic opioid use, defined as 10 or more prescriptions or receiving more than a 120-day supply of an opioid like fentanyl or oxycodone in the first year after a surgical procedure, excluding the first three months after surgery.\u003ci>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in previous studies, Stanford researchers examined patients who did not have an opioid prescription for at least one year prior to surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alternative Treatments\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sun says patients shouldn’t be deterred from having surgery because they fear an addiction to fentanyl or oxycodone. But he does recommend surgeons consider alternative options like Tylenol, Advil or regional anesthesia like nerve blocks. There are also psychological approaches to relieve pain and calm the nervous system, like \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Understanding_COPD/hic_Pulmonary_Rehabilitation_Is_it_for_You/hic_Diaphragmatic_Breathing\">diaphragmatic breathing\u003c/a> or meditation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope that by optimizing patients’ psychology — and giving them skills to calm their own nervous system,” notes study co-author and pain psychologist \u003ca href=\"https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/beth-darnall\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beth Darnell\u003c/a> “they will have less pain after surgery, need fewer opioids and recover quicker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Opioids on the Rise\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day 78 Americans die from an opioid overdose, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/a> Since the late 1990’s the number of deaths from prescription opioids like oxycodone, hydrocodone and methadone has quadrupled. In 2014 more people died from drug overdoses than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/841666/study-opiate-addiction-more-likely-after-certain-surgeries",
"authors": [
"11229"
],
"categories": [
"science_30",
"science_39",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_3072"
],
"featImg": "science_841668",
"label": "science"
},
"science_841345": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_841345",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "841345",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468267511000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468267511,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Governor Brown Looks to Extend Climate-Change Efforts",
"headTitle": "Governor Brown Looks to Extend Climate-Change Efforts | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has launched a campaign to extend some of the most ambitious climate-change programs in the country and ensure his environmental legacy when he leaves office in two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of the push is a cap-and-trade program that aims to reduce the use of fossil fuels by forcing manufacturers and other companies to meet tougher emissions limits or pay up to exceed them. The program has been one of the most-watched efforts in the world aimed at the climate-changing fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”mucZabSoq9pMwf5Ev8R1JTwKRNTFHUFM”]The four-year-old program, however, is only authorized to operate until 2020 and faces a litany of challenges, including a lawsuit questioning its legality, poor sales of credits, and lukewarm support among Democratic legislators to extend it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the California Air Resources Board will release a proposed blueprint for continuing the cap-and-trade program until 2030, with a vote expected next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters credit the strategy — born under previous Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, a Republican, and stemming from other climate change programs initiated under Brown — with helping to cut California’s overall output of emissions by 1.5 percent in its first two years, despite the massive energy demands of the state’s thriving economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Brown set to leave office in 2018, a state appeals court is considering a challenge from the California Chamber of Commerce contending the pollution-credit program is an illegal tax, not a fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say the lawsuit and overall uncertainty about the survival of the program are undermining the market for pollution credits. A May auction saw companies buy only one-tenth of the available credits, leaving the state billions of dollars short in projected revenue from the sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, groups representing oil interests confirmed last week that they are in direct talks with the Brown administration over cap-and-trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California oil companies have long sought to alter or repeal the state’s low-carbon fuel standard. By 2020, those companies would be required to reduce the carbon content of gasoline and other fuels by 10 percent, a significant jump from the current 2 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any deal-making on climate change would reflect a pragmatic approach to the oil industry by Brown, who took office encouraging immediate boosts in oil and gas drilling to spur California’s economy, even as he promoted incentives that would reduce long-term reliance on fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you’re seeing now is an all-hands-on-deck effort to formulate the most responsible way forward.” said Derek Walker, an associate vice president of the Environmental Defense Fund. “They’re talking to the oil industry, talking to environmental groups, to organized labor — they’re talking to everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has leveraged his position as governor to help draw attention to the battle against climate change. He has set non-binding mandates for increased use of solar, wind and other renewable energy sources in California in the decades to come while signing accords and global support statements aimed at easing climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At home, though, Brown has encountered trouble from moderate Democrats in the state Assembly who last year blocked his plan to slash statewide petroleum use in half within 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same lawmakers refused to endorse legislation by Sen. Fran Pavley, D-Agoura Hills, seeking to dramatically cut greenhouse gas emissions through 2050. Pavley was forced to scale back her proposal that now would extend only to 2030. She has since compromised even further, agreeing last month to merge parts of her plan with legislation mandating that revenues from such programs be spent in low-income communities affected by pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winning legislative support could be key for Brown in ensuring the survival of the cap-and-trade program, said Jessica Levinson, a political science professor at Loyola Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His ability to solidify cap and trade is a big part of being able to say to other governors, to other countries, ‘We’re doing something big and specific and real and it works,'” Levinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should the program succumb to legal challenges, market weakness or legislative ambivalence: “Jerry Brown’s fingerprints will be on whatever we ultimately decide to do,” Levinson said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 723,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704929940,
"excerpt": "On Tuesday, the California Air Resources Board will release a proposal for continuing the state's cap-and-trade program beyond 2020.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "On Tuesday, the California Air Resources Board will release a proposal for continuing the state's cap-and-trade program beyond 2020.",
"title": "Governor Brown Looks to Extend Climate-Change Efforts | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Governor Brown Looks to Extend Climate-Change Efforts",
"datePublished": "2016-07-11T13:05:11-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:39:00-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "governor-brown-looks-to-extend-climate-change-efforts",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Ellen Knickmeyer\u003c/br>Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Associated Press",
"path": "/science/841345/governor-brown-looks-to-extend-climate-change-efforts",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has launched a campaign to extend some of the most ambitious climate-change programs in the country and ensure his environmental legacy when he leaves office in two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of the push is a cap-and-trade program that aims to reduce the use of fossil fuels by forcing manufacturers and other companies to meet tougher emissions limits or pay up to exceed them. The program has been one of the most-watched efforts in the world aimed at the climate-changing fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The four-year-old program, however, is only authorized to operate until 2020 and faces a litany of challenges, including a lawsuit questioning its legality, poor sales of credits, and lukewarm support among Democratic legislators to extend it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the California Air Resources Board will release a proposed blueprint for continuing the cap-and-trade program until 2030, with a vote expected next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters credit the strategy — born under previous Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, a Republican, and stemming from other climate change programs initiated under Brown — with helping to cut California’s overall output of emissions by 1.5 percent in its first two years, despite the massive energy demands of the state’s thriving economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Brown set to leave office in 2018, a state appeals court is considering a challenge from the California Chamber of Commerce contending the pollution-credit program is an illegal tax, not a fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say the lawsuit and overall uncertainty about the survival of the program are undermining the market for pollution credits. A May auction saw companies buy only one-tenth of the available credits, leaving the state billions of dollars short in projected revenue from the sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, groups representing oil interests confirmed last week that they are in direct talks with the Brown administration over cap-and-trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California oil companies have long sought to alter or repeal the state’s low-carbon fuel standard. By 2020, those companies would be required to reduce the carbon content of gasoline and other fuels by 10 percent, a significant jump from the current 2 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any deal-making on climate change would reflect a pragmatic approach to the oil industry by Brown, who took office encouraging immediate boosts in oil and gas drilling to spur California’s economy, even as he promoted incentives that would reduce long-term reliance on fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you’re seeing now is an all-hands-on-deck effort to formulate the most responsible way forward.” said Derek Walker, an associate vice president of the Environmental Defense Fund. “They’re talking to the oil industry, talking to environmental groups, to organized labor — they’re talking to everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has leveraged his position as governor to help draw attention to the battle against climate change. He has set non-binding mandates for increased use of solar, wind and other renewable energy sources in California in the decades to come while signing accords and global support statements aimed at easing climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At home, though, Brown has encountered trouble from moderate Democrats in the state Assembly who last year blocked his plan to slash statewide petroleum use in half within 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same lawmakers refused to endorse legislation by Sen. Fran Pavley, D-Agoura Hills, seeking to dramatically cut greenhouse gas emissions through 2050. Pavley was forced to scale back her proposal that now would extend only to 2030. She has since compromised even further, agreeing last month to merge parts of her plan with legislation mandating that revenues from such programs be spent in low-income communities affected by pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winning legislative support could be key for Brown in ensuring the survival of the cap-and-trade program, said Jessica Levinson, a political science professor at Loyola Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His ability to solidify cap and trade is a big part of being able to say to other governors, to other countries, ‘We’re doing something big and specific and real and it works,'” Levinson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should the program succumb to legal challenges, market weakness or legislative ambivalence: “Jerry Brown’s fingerprints will be on whatever we ultimately decide to do,” Levinson said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/841345/governor-brown-looks-to-extend-climate-change-efforts",
"authors": [
"byline_science_841345"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_40"
],
"featImg": "science_841350",
"label": "source_science_841345"
},
"science_841128": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_841128",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "841128",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468259918000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468259918,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Growing Marijuana? State Will Now Regulate Water Use for Pot Cultivation",
"headTitle": "Growing Marijuana? State Will Now Regulate Water Use for Pot Cultivation | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Within less than a year, as many as 50,000 marijuana growers in California could be required to obtain state permits for the irrigation water they consume. It is an unprecedented step aimed at preventing harm to the environment and other water users resulting from the rapid growth of marijuana cultivation in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Most of them are operating below the radar,” said Cris Carrigan, chief of enforcement at the State Water Resources Control Board. “As a result, we’ve gotten ourselves into an acute problem with streamflow and pollution associated with these activities.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This new ability to regulate water for marijuana growing is a result of \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0801-0850/sb_837_bill_20160627_chaptered.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">SB 837\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a state law signed by Gov. Jerry Brown on June 27. It’s a budget trailer bill, which specifies numerous operating details of the \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.canorml.org/news/A_SUMMARY_OF_THE_MEDICAL_MARIJUANA_REGULATION_AND_SAFETY_ACT\" href=\"http://www.canorml.org/news/A_SUMMARY_OF_THE_MEDICAL_MARIJUANA_REGULATION_AND_SAFETY_ACT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, signed into law on Ocober 9, 2015. This law establishes a comprehensive system to regulate cannabis growing in California, for the first time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s a huge new water management effort that has never been attempted in the United States, not even among states that are already regulating marijuana cultivation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Perhaps most remarkable of all, marijuana grower groups support the regulations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“This community is ready to be part of the mainstream,” said Hezekiah Allen, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calgrowersassociation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">California Growers Association\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a group that represents cannabis cultivators and helped draft the new legislation last year. “What we are trying to do is move people into the regulated class. Lots absolutely want that legitimacy.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The ongoing California drought brought new attention to the environmental damages caused by \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2015/07/24/massive-marijuana-busts-hint-at-big-water-problems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">unregulated marijuana growing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. And while the amount of water it consumes is still the subject of some uncertainty and debate, there is little question that it has\u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2015/0806/How-marijuana-is-making-California-drought-worse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">compromised aquatic habitat\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in many locations and reduced water access for some property owners with legitimate water rights.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Carrigan says the rules do not necessarily target marijuana growers. Instead, they’re meant for small agricultural irrigators growing any sort of crop. The intent, however, is to get control of unregulated marijuana irrigation, which has dried up some streams, starved endangered fish of water and contributed to water quality problems caused by erosion, pesticides and herbicides.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s a really significant breakthrough,” said Jay Ziegler, director of external affairs and policy for \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/our-stories/all/2-blog/211-marijuana-farming-and-california-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in California, which worked with CalTrout and Trout Unlimited to help shape the rule package. “I don’t think it’s lost on anybody that this is our largest value agricultural crop. So we’re long overdue to acknowledge what are becoming increasingly overwhelming impacts of marijuana on the landscape.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The regulations are a statewide followup to \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-marijuana-cultivation-water-20151002-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">pilot programs\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that began last year in the water board’s North Coast and Central Valley regulatory regions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new program starts by directing the State Water Resources Control Board and Department of Fish and Wildlife to set up a task force to assess environmental damages from marijuana growing. This task force is also empowered to collect fees and penalties from growers to pay for programs to correct the damage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Fish and Wildlife will also assess streamflow needs to sustain the environment in watersheds where marijuana is cultivated. This level of baseline flow must then be sustained at all times, and will be used to guide the issuance of water diversion permits to growers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Some growers will be able to successfully prove that they have “riparian” water rights, meaning a right to divert water from a creek that flows on or adjacent to their land. But they will not be allowed to cut into the baseline flow that sustains wildlife.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One problem with marijuana growing is that the crop often needs water when it is least abundant: in the summer. Thus, historically, many have taken water from streams when it is most needed to sustain sensitive fish and other species that are struggling to survive long, hot summer months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">So under the new regulations, even if a grower has a verified riparian water right, they will not be allowed to divert water whenever they want. Instead, they will be directed to build water storage, such as ponds or tanks, and collect what they need for a full year when streams are flush in the winter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For example, a relatively large grower might need 30 acre-feet (37,000 cubic meters) of water annually for his crop – enough to sustain 60 average California households for a year. Under the new rules, the water board – guided by the streamflow baseline – will likely require them to build storage for 15 acre-feet, and only draw water from that storage during the summer months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s a very unique condition specifically aimed at this industry, as a new entrant, in exercising what may be historic water rights,” Ziegler said. “What’s really unique about this is, the (water) board and DFW have the leverage of a permit that the growers need and want to separate themselves and demonstrate they are good-faith producers and stewards of the environment out there. In effect, this process applies that leverage.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new rules require a grower to obtain a growing permit from a new Bureau of Medical Marijuana Regulation. And they can’t get that permit unless they first certify where their water is coming from.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The state Department of Finance is authorized to provide a $10 million loan to get the regulatory program started. This money, among other things, will allow the water board and Fish and Wildlife to hire about two dozen new employees to launch the program, conduct inspections and oversee the new permits.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The seed money will be paid back from licensing fees paid by marijuana growers. These fees will also become the source of funds to sustain the program into the future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water permitting process could be adopted by the water board within a year as an emergency regulation. The legislation gives the board the power to do so without the usual lengthy analysis required under the California Environmental Quality Act. But the board hasn’t yet decided, Carrigan said, whether to take that route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s possible there won’t be enough water for all growers in a particular region. Some may have to try their luck with drilling a well, buying water in tanker trucks or some other means.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Once we set the flow requirements for fish safety in the streams,” Carrigan said, “we may very well be issuing curtailment notices to riparians in those streams in the drier months. And if you don’t have a permit for storage, your straw is going to be cut off.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This isn’t all there is to the regulatory program. A range of other state agencies will be involved in overseeing water quality, pesticide use, licensing, fee collection – even certifying regional marijuana “appellations.\u003c/span>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The rules don’t apply to individual patients growing medical marijuana for their own use on 100 square feet (10 sq meters) or less; or to caregivers growing for five patients or less on no more than 500 square feet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">All parties agree there may be as many as 50,000 growers who could be subject to licensing under the program. A subset of these – perhaps half – will be required to prove their water rights and possibly install water storage systems.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s a massive regulatory effort. For example, in the entire state of California the water board currently regulates about 40,000 water rights that have come into the system over a century. So the new program could add to that by more than half in just a year or two.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Carrigan said there’s nothing else like it in the U.S., even in Washington and Colorado, where marijuana has been a government-sanctioned crop for several years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“What we’re hoping for is more clean water for fish at the right time,” he said. “To me, it’s amazing we have this whole underground economy and industry that’s been unregulated. And now, all of a sudden, there’s this paradigm shift.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Allen said most marijuana growers require only a very small amount of water compared to traditional farming operations. But he acknowledged a lot of cannabis growing does take place in sensitive watersheds, and that there have been “acute” impacts on endangered species, like coastal coho salmon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“That is something we need to take very seriously as an industry,” he said. “But it’s not true to say we’re a major factor in the statewide water shortage. I’m pretty sure the rest of the world is going to be surprised just how careful this community is with water, and how many conservation-minded agricultural practices are being used.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find \u003c/em>\u003cem>it \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003cem>For important news about the California drought, you can\u003c/em> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwaterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com%2fsubscribe%3fu%3d8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6%26id%3d2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sign up\u003c/a>\u003c/em> \u003cem>to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1556,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 34
},
"modified": 1704929942,
"excerpt": "The water consumed by California marijuana growers will now be regulated by state officials under a new program that could be up and running within a year. The goal is to protect wildlife and habitats.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The water consumed by California marijuana growers will now be regulated by state officials under a new program that could be up and running within a year. The goal is to protect wildlife and habitats.",
"title": "Growing Marijuana? State Will Now Regulate Water Use for Pot Cultivation | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Growing Marijuana? State Will Now Regulate Water Use for Pot Cultivation",
"datePublished": "2016-07-11T10:58:38-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:39:02-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "growing-marijuana-state-will-now-regulate-water-use-for-pot-cultivation",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/",
"nprByline": "Matt Weiser\u003c/br>Water Deeply",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Water Deeply",
"path": "/science/841128/growing-marijuana-state-will-now-regulate-water-use-for-pot-cultivation",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Within less than a year, as many as 50,000 marijuana growers in California could be required to obtain state permits for the irrigation water they consume. It is an unprecedented step aimed at preventing harm to the environment and other water users resulting from the rapid growth of marijuana cultivation in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Most of them are operating below the radar,” said Cris Carrigan, chief of enforcement at the State Water Resources Control Board. “As a result, we’ve gotten ourselves into an acute problem with streamflow and pollution associated with these activities.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This new ability to regulate water for marijuana growing is a result of \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0801-0850/sb_837_bill_20160627_chaptered.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">SB 837\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a state law signed by Gov. Jerry Brown on June 27. It’s a budget trailer bill, which specifies numerous operating details of the \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.canorml.org/news/A_SUMMARY_OF_THE_MEDICAL_MARIJUANA_REGULATION_AND_SAFETY_ACT\" href=\"http://www.canorml.org/news/A_SUMMARY_OF_THE_MEDICAL_MARIJUANA_REGULATION_AND_SAFETY_ACT\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Medical Marijuana Regulation and Safety Act\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, signed into law on Ocober 9, 2015. This law establishes a comprehensive system to regulate cannabis growing in California, for the first time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s a huge new water management effort that has never been attempted in the United States, not even among states that are already regulating marijuana cultivation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Perhaps most remarkable of all, marijuana grower groups support the regulations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“This community is ready to be part of the mainstream,” said Hezekiah Allen, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calgrowersassociation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">California Growers Association\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a group that represents cannabis cultivators and helped draft the new legislation last year. “What we are trying to do is move people into the regulated class. Lots absolutely want that legitimacy.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The ongoing California drought brought new attention to the environmental damages caused by \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2015/07/24/massive-marijuana-busts-hint-at-big-water-problems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">unregulated marijuana growing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. And while the amount of water it consumes is still the subject of some uncertainty and debate, there is little question that it has\u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2015/0806/How-marijuana-is-making-California-drought-worse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">compromised aquatic habitat\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in many locations and reduced water access for some property owners with legitimate water rights.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Carrigan says the rules do not necessarily target marijuana growers. Instead, they’re meant for small agricultural irrigators growing any sort of crop. The intent, however, is to get control of unregulated marijuana irrigation, which has dried up some streams, starved endangered fish of water and contributed to water quality problems caused by erosion, pesticides and herbicides.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s a really significant breakthrough,” said Jay Ziegler, director of external affairs and policy for \u003ca href=\"http://www.conserveca.org/our-stories/all/2-blog/211-marijuana-farming-and-california-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">The Nature Conservancy\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in California, which worked with CalTrout and Trout Unlimited to help shape the rule package. “I don’t think it’s lost on anybody that this is our largest value agricultural crop. So we’re long overdue to acknowledge what are becoming increasingly overwhelming impacts of marijuana on the landscape.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The regulations are a statewide followup to \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-marijuana-cultivation-water-20151002-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">pilot programs\u003c/span>\u003c/a> that began last year in the water board’s North Coast and Central Valley regulatory regions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new program starts by directing the State Water Resources Control Board and Department of Fish and Wildlife to set up a task force to assess environmental damages from marijuana growing. This task force is also empowered to collect fees and penalties from growers to pay for programs to correct the damage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Fish and Wildlife will also assess streamflow needs to sustain the environment in watersheds where marijuana is cultivated. This level of baseline flow must then be sustained at all times, and will be used to guide the issuance of water diversion permits to growers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Some growers will be able to successfully prove that they have “riparian” water rights, meaning a right to divert water from a creek that flows on or adjacent to their land. But they will not be allowed to cut into the baseline flow that sustains wildlife.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One problem with marijuana growing is that the crop often needs water when it is least abundant: in the summer. Thus, historically, many have taken water from streams when it is most needed to sustain sensitive fish and other species that are struggling to survive long, hot summer months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">So under the new regulations, even if a grower has a verified riparian water right, they will not be allowed to divert water whenever they want. Instead, they will be directed to build water storage, such as ponds or tanks, and collect what they need for a full year when streams are flush in the winter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For example, a relatively large grower might need 30 acre-feet (37,000 cubic meters) of water annually for his crop – enough to sustain 60 average California households for a year. Under the new rules, the water board – guided by the streamflow baseline – will likely require them to build storage for 15 acre-feet, and only draw water from that storage during the summer months.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s a very unique condition specifically aimed at this industry, as a new entrant, in exercising what may be historic water rights,” Ziegler said. “What’s really unique about this is, the (water) board and DFW have the leverage of a permit that the growers need and want to separate themselves and demonstrate they are good-faith producers and stewards of the environment out there. In effect, this process applies that leverage.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new rules require a grower to obtain a growing permit from a new Bureau of Medical Marijuana Regulation. And they can’t get that permit unless they first certify where their water is coming from.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The state Department of Finance is authorized to provide a $10 million loan to get the regulatory program started. This money, among other things, will allow the water board and Fish and Wildlife to hire about two dozen new employees to launch the program, conduct inspections and oversee the new permits.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The seed money will be paid back from licensing fees paid by marijuana growers. These fees will also become the source of funds to sustain the program into the future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water permitting process could be adopted by the water board within a year as an emergency regulation. The legislation gives the board the power to do so without the usual lengthy analysis required under the California Environmental Quality Act. But the board hasn’t yet decided, Carrigan said, whether to take that route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s possible there won’t be enough water for all growers in a particular region. Some may have to try their luck with drilling a well, buying water in tanker trucks or some other means.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Once we set the flow requirements for fish safety in the streams,” Carrigan said, “we may very well be issuing curtailment notices to riparians in those streams in the drier months. And if you don’t have a permit for storage, your straw is going to be cut off.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This isn’t all there is to the regulatory program. A range of other state agencies will be involved in overseeing water quality, pesticide use, licensing, fee collection – even certifying regional marijuana “appellations.\u003c/span>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The rules don’t apply to individual patients growing medical marijuana for their own use on 100 square feet (10 sq meters) or less; or to caregivers growing for five patients or less on no more than 500 square feet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">All parties agree there may be as many as 50,000 growers who could be subject to licensing under the program. A subset of these – perhaps half – will be required to prove their water rights and possibly install water storage systems.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It’s a massive regulatory effort. For example, in the entire state of California the water board currently regulates about 40,000 water rights that have come into the system over a century. So the new program could add to that by more than half in just a year or two.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Carrigan said there’s nothing else like it in the U.S., even in Washington and Colorado, where marijuana has been a government-sanctioned crop for several years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“What we’re hoping for is more clean water for fish at the right time,” he said. “To me, it’s amazing we have this whole underground economy and industry that’s been unregulated. And now, all of a sudden, there’s this paradigm shift.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Allen said most marijuana growers require only a very small amount of water compared to traditional farming operations. But he acknowledged a lot of cannabis growing does take place in sensitive watersheds, and that there have been “acute” impacts on endangered species, like coastal coho salmon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“That is something we need to take very seriously as an industry,” he said. “But it’s not true to say we’re a major factor in the statewide water shortage. I’m pretty sure the rest of the world is going to be surprised just how careful this community is with water, and how many conservation-minded agricultural practices are being used.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find \u003c/em>\u003cem>it \u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003cem>For important news about the California drought, you can\u003c/em> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwaterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com%2fsubscribe%3fu%3d8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6%26id%3d2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sign up\u003c/a>\u003c/em> \u003cem>to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/841128/growing-marijuana-state-will-now-regulate-water-use-for-pot-cultivation",
"authors": [
"byline_science_841128"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"featImg": "science_841133",
"label": "source_science_841128"
},
"science_841018": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_841018",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "841018",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468256682000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468256682,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California Drought, Marine Heat More Likely With Warming",
"headTitle": "California Drought, Marine Heat More Likely With Warming | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A persistent wash of warm waters off the West Coast, which caused wildlife die-offs and blocked drought-quenching storms from reaching California last year, was caused by the happenstance interplay of natural ocean cycles, research findings published Monday show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings also suggested that while the drought and the blob of warm water were the result of the natural whims of the weather, climate change could make such events more likely and intense in the future. To a small extent, it’s already doing so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The atmospheric variability that forced the warm blob is the same that forced the drought,” said \u003ca href=\"http://ocean.eas.gatech.edu/manu/\">Emanuele Di Lorenzo\u003c/a>, an ocean and climate dynamics professor at Georgia Tech who coauthored the analysis, \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nclimate3082\">published in Nature Climate Change\u003c/a>. “This atmospheric variability is increasing under greenhouse gases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new findings could help scientists predict when similar marine heatwaves and droughts will strike in the future. They also suggest such heatwaves will become more common and intense, which could mean greater drought risks in the West. (By increasing evaporation and reducing snowfall, warmer temperatures are already making Western droughts worse.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could potentially provide predictability,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~cliff/cliff.php\">Cliff Mass\u003c/a>, a University of Washington atmospheric sciences professor who wasn’t involved with the research. “This is natural variability that we’re dealing with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patch of warm water that appeared off the West Coast during the fall of 2013 spread through the Gulf of Alaska into 2014, with winter water temperatures exceeding 5°F above average. The marine heatwave persisted but waned during the year and then burst back to its former devastating glory a winter later, affecting the entire coast, from Mexico to Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result was ecological tumult. Alaskan fishermen \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/west-coast-warming-natural-variability-18067\">netted tropical species\u003c/a>. A poisonous algae bloom linked to warm waters kept crabbers from California to Washington off the water. Seabirds and sea lions starved on beaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm water was the result of an atmospheric accomplice that helped to parch the West: a ridge of high pressure. The timing was unfortunate. Experts had expected \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/monster-el-nino-transforms-worlds-weather-20138\">one of the most powerful El Niños\u003c/a> on record last year to douse California’s drought, but the high pressure system off southern California deflected its hearty storms northward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With El Niño now over, California is stuck in its \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">fifth year of drought\u003c/a>, with the most severe conditions in the south, where the ridge’s effects were strongest. And scientists are left trying to unravel the mystery of what just happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Di Lorenzo and \u003ca href=\"http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~mantua/work.html\">Nathan Mantua\u003c/a>, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration scientist, wanted to know whether the warm ocean winter of 2015 was linked to the warm ocean winter a year earlier. Understanding any links could boosts scientists’ abilities to forecast the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_841024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-841024\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/climate-central-fire.jpg\" alt=\"California's persistent drough is fueling wildfires. \" width=\"720\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/climate-central-fire.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/climate-central-fire-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s persistent drough is fueling wildfires. \u003ccite>(Russ Allison Loar/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The pair analyzed temperature records and model simulations, discovering that they could force models to re-enact the observed conditions in ways that pointed to the influence of well-known ocean cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These climate patterns tend to have some influence on each other, and then El Niño is a central player in coordinating the connection,” Mantua said. “Looking at the historical record we see that similar things have happened, but never to the extreme that was observed in the last few years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mantua said the connections that El Niño helped to forge between warm waters in the Gulf of Alaska in 2014 and along coastlines further south could account for about half of the unusually warm water temperature in 2015 — over and above long-term warming rates. (Scientists call these long-distance connections, the likes of which are common around the planet, ‘teleconnections.’)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means about half of the extreme we can’t account for,” Mantua said. “One possibility is it’s just bad luck that things lined up in this way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scripps researcher \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/agershunov/biocv\">Alexander Gershunov\u003c/a> said the new analysis “insightfully synthesizes previous research” in a way that could create a new paradigm for scientists, helping them understand invisible connections between different patterns of natural variation in the Pacific Ocean. And that could help with long-range weather forecasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it holds up to scrutiny, the new paradigm may prove instrumental in significantly extending the lead time for forecasting El Niño,” Gershunov said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conclusion that climate change could exacerbate Western drought risks didn’t surprise Stanford University climate scientist \u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/noah-diffenbaugh\">Noah Diffenbaugh\u003c/a>. His own research has linked greenhouse gas pollution from fossil fuels, farming and deforestation with weather patterns that can fuel Californian droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re finding the conditions that have been present during the recent drought years, that those are more probable with increasing greenhouse gas forcings,” Diffenbaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 822,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1704929944,
"excerpt": "Conditions behind California's drought and warm coastal waters were mostly natural, but not entirely.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Conditions behind California's drought and warm coastal waters were mostly natural, but not entirely.",
"title": "California Drought, Marine Heat More Likely With Warming | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Drought, Marine Heat More Likely With Warming",
"datePublished": "2016-07-11T10:04:42-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:39:04-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-drought-marine-heat-more-likely-with-warming",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "http://www.climatecentral.org/",
"nprByline": "John Upton\u003c/br>Climate Central",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate Central",
"path": "/science/841018/california-drought-marine-heat-more-likely-with-warming",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A persistent wash of warm waters off the West Coast, which caused wildlife die-offs and blocked drought-quenching storms from reaching California last year, was caused by the happenstance interplay of natural ocean cycles, research findings published Monday show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings also suggested that while the drought and the blob of warm water were the result of the natural whims of the weather, climate change could make such events more likely and intense in the future. To a small extent, it’s already doing so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The atmospheric variability that forced the warm blob is the same that forced the drought,” said \u003ca href=\"http://ocean.eas.gatech.edu/manu/\">Emanuele Di Lorenzo\u003c/a>, an ocean and climate dynamics professor at Georgia Tech who coauthored the analysis, \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nclimate3082\">published in Nature Climate Change\u003c/a>. “This atmospheric variability is increasing under greenhouse gases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new findings could help scientists predict when similar marine heatwaves and droughts will strike in the future. They also suggest such heatwaves will become more common and intense, which could mean greater drought risks in the West. (By increasing evaporation and reducing snowfall, warmer temperatures are already making Western droughts worse.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could potentially provide predictability,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~cliff/cliff.php\">Cliff Mass\u003c/a>, a University of Washington atmospheric sciences professor who wasn’t involved with the research. “This is natural variability that we’re dealing with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patch of warm water that appeared off the West Coast during the fall of 2013 spread through the Gulf of Alaska into 2014, with winter water temperatures exceeding 5°F above average. The marine heatwave persisted but waned during the year and then burst back to its former devastating glory a winter later, affecting the entire coast, from Mexico to Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result was ecological tumult. Alaskan fishermen \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/west-coast-warming-natural-variability-18067\">netted tropical species\u003c/a>. A poisonous algae bloom linked to warm waters kept crabbers from California to Washington off the water. Seabirds and sea lions starved on beaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm water was the result of an atmospheric accomplice that helped to parch the West: a ridge of high pressure. The timing was unfortunate. Experts had expected \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/monster-el-nino-transforms-worlds-weather-20138\">one of the most powerful El Niños\u003c/a> on record last year to douse California’s drought, but the high pressure system off southern California deflected its hearty storms northward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With El Niño now over, California is stuck in its \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">fifth year of drought\u003c/a>, with the most severe conditions in the south, where the ridge’s effects were strongest. And scientists are left trying to unravel the mystery of what just happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Di Lorenzo and \u003ca href=\"http://www.atmos.washington.edu/~mantua/work.html\">Nathan Mantua\u003c/a>, a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration scientist, wanted to know whether the warm ocean winter of 2015 was linked to the warm ocean winter a year earlier. Understanding any links could boosts scientists’ abilities to forecast the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_841024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-841024\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/climate-central-fire.jpg\" alt=\"California's persistent drough is fueling wildfires. \" width=\"720\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/climate-central-fire.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/climate-central-fire-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s persistent drough is fueling wildfires. \u003ccite>(Russ Allison Loar/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The pair analyzed temperature records and model simulations, discovering that they could force models to re-enact the observed conditions in ways that pointed to the influence of well-known ocean cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These climate patterns tend to have some influence on each other, and then El Niño is a central player in coordinating the connection,” Mantua said. “Looking at the historical record we see that similar things have happened, but never to the extreme that was observed in the last few years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mantua said the connections that El Niño helped to forge between warm waters in the Gulf of Alaska in 2014 and along coastlines further south could account for about half of the unusually warm water temperature in 2015 — over and above long-term warming rates. (Scientists call these long-distance connections, the likes of which are common around the planet, ‘teleconnections.’)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means about half of the extreme we can’t account for,” Mantua said. “One possibility is it’s just bad luck that things lined up in this way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scripps researcher \u003ca href=\"http://scrippsscholars.ucsd.edu/agershunov/biocv\">Alexander Gershunov\u003c/a> said the new analysis “insightfully synthesizes previous research” in a way that could create a new paradigm for scientists, helping them understand invisible connections between different patterns of natural variation in the Pacific Ocean. And that could help with long-range weather forecasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it holds up to scrutiny, the new paradigm may prove instrumental in significantly extending the lead time for forecasting El Niño,” Gershunov said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conclusion that climate change could exacerbate Western drought risks didn’t surprise Stanford University climate scientist \u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/noah-diffenbaugh\">Noah Diffenbaugh\u003c/a>. His own research has linked greenhouse gas pollution from fossil fuels, farming and deforestation with weather patterns that can fuel Californian droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re finding the conditions that have been present during the recent drought years, that those are more probable with increasing greenhouse gas forcings,” Diffenbaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/841018/california-drought-marine-heat-more-likely-with-warming",
"authors": [
"byline_science_841018"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_40",
"science_2873",
"science_98"
],
"featImg": "science_841021",
"label": "source_science_841018"
},
"science_841008": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_841008",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "841008",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468254459000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468254459,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Climate Change May Already Be Shifting Clouds Toward the Poles",
"headTitle": "Climate Change May Already Be Shifting Clouds Toward the Poles | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The way clouds cover the Earth may be changing because of global warming, according to a study published Monday that used satellite data to track cloud patterns across about two decades, starting in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds in the mid-latitudes shifted toward the poles during that period, as the subtropical dry zones expanded and the highest cloud-tops got higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes are predicted by most climate models of global warming, even though those models disagree on a lot of other things related to clouds, says \u003ca href=\"http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~jnorris/\">Joel Norris\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at the University of California, San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess what was surprising is that a lot of times we think of climate change as something that’s going to occur in the future,” says Norris. “This is happening right now. It’s happened during my lifetime — it was a bit startling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 70 percent of our planet is covered by clouds, at any given moment. These constantly moving shape-shifters aren’t exactly easy for scientists to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds aren’t as simple as their fluffy nature might suggest. To understand them, scientists have to track the behavior of tiny water droplets, as well as huge masses of clouds that might be hundreds of miles wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And climate modelers also have to take into account the fact that clouds can have two different effects on temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During daytime, if there are a lot of clouds present, thick clouds, then that will keep the temperature cooler,” says Norris, because clouds reflect incoming sunlight back to space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But thick clouds can also act like a blanket that keeps the Earth’s warmth in, he says, “which is the reason why a cloudy night won’t be as cold at the surface as a clear night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds have been called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/clouds/\">wild card\u003c/a> of climate science. Researchers argue over how exactly global warming will affect clouds and vice versa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While weather satellites can give you tons of cloud pictures, Norris says these satellites aren’t that great for trying to figure out long-term trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difficulties we have is that every few years a new satellite is put up with a different instrument, the orbits change, and this all changes how much cloud the satellite measures,” Norris explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he and his colleagues recently did a bunch of corrections that would make it possible to compare cloud measurements over a couple of decades, starting in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this week’s issue of the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature18273\">Nature\u003c/a>, the researchers explain how their findings match what scientists would expect to see, based on climate models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norris says it’s probably happening primarily because of two influences — human-produced global warming, and also the recovery from the cooling effect of two volcanic eruptions during that time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So will other climate researchers buy this new history of clouds? \u003ca href=\"http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/staff/trenbert/\">Kevin Trenberth\u003c/a> at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado isn’t so sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very good attempt to try and get a handle on this, but I don’t think it’s the final answer,” says Trenberth, who notes that the time frame studied was pretty short and included a period often described as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/global-warming-hiatus-debate-flares-up-again-1.19414\">global warming hiatus\u003c/a>, from 1999 to 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate researchers still have a lot of work to do when it comes to understanding clouds, says Trenberth, who believes the state of the science is still like that old \u003ca href=\"http://jonimitchell.com/\">Joni Mitchell\u003c/a> song \u003cem>Both Sides Now, \u003c/em>in which she sings, “I really don’t know clouds at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+Change+May+Already+Be+Shifting+Clouds+Toward+The+Poles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 630,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1704929945,
"excerpt": "Scientists who have been tracking cloud patterns over the past two decades say the shifts they're seeing seem to correlate closely with what's predicted by computer models of Earth's changing climate.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Scientists who have been tracking cloud patterns over the past two decades say the shifts they're seeing seem to correlate closely with what's predicted by computer models of Earth's changing climate.",
"title": "Climate Change May Already Be Shifting Clouds Toward the Poles | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Climate Change May Already Be Shifting Clouds Toward the Poles",
"datePublished": "2016-07-11T09:27:39-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:39:05-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "climate-change-may-already-be-shifting-clouds-toward-the-poles",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "http://www.npr.org/",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=485314321&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Nell Greenfieldboyce\u003c/br>NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Mon, 11 Jul 2016 11:01:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Mon, 11 Jul 2016 11:33:19 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/11/485314321/climate-change-may-already-be-shifting-clouds-toward-the-poles?ft=nprml&f=485314321",
"nprImageAgency": "NOAA/Flickr",
"source": "NPR",
"nprStoryId": "485314321",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Mon, 11 Jul 2016 11:33:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/841008/climate-change-may-already-be-shifting-clouds-toward-the-poles",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The way clouds cover the Earth may be changing because of global warming, according to a study published Monday that used satellite data to track cloud patterns across about two decades, starting in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds in the mid-latitudes shifted toward the poles during that period, as the subtropical dry zones expanded and the highest cloud-tops got higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes are predicted by most climate models of global warming, even though those models disagree on a lot of other things related to clouds, says \u003ca href=\"http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~jnorris/\">Joel Norris\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at the University of California, San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess what was surprising is that a lot of times we think of climate change as something that’s going to occur in the future,” says Norris. “This is happening right now. It’s happened during my lifetime — it was a bit startling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 70 percent of our planet is covered by clouds, at any given moment. These constantly moving shape-shifters aren’t exactly easy for scientists to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds aren’t as simple as their fluffy nature might suggest. To understand them, scientists have to track the behavior of tiny water droplets, as well as huge masses of clouds that might be hundreds of miles wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And climate modelers also have to take into account the fact that clouds can have two different effects on temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During daytime, if there are a lot of clouds present, thick clouds, then that will keep the temperature cooler,” says Norris, because clouds reflect incoming sunlight back to space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But thick clouds can also act like a blanket that keeps the Earth’s warmth in, he says, “which is the reason why a cloudy night won’t be as cold at the surface as a clear night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds have been called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nsf.gov/news/special_reports/clouds/\">wild card\u003c/a> of climate science. Researchers argue over how exactly global warming will affect clouds and vice versa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While weather satellites can give you tons of cloud pictures, Norris says these satellites aren’t that great for trying to figure out long-term trends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difficulties we have is that every few years a new satellite is put up with a different instrument, the orbits change, and this all changes how much cloud the satellite measures,” Norris explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he and his colleagues recently did a bunch of corrections that would make it possible to compare cloud measurements over a couple of decades, starting in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this week’s issue of the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature18273\">Nature\u003c/a>, the researchers explain how their findings match what scientists would expect to see, based on climate models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norris says it’s probably happening primarily because of two influences — human-produced global warming, and also the recovery from the cooling effect of two volcanic eruptions during that time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So will other climate researchers buy this new history of clouds? \u003ca href=\"http://www.cgd.ucar.edu/staff/trenbert/\">Kevin Trenberth\u003c/a> at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Colorado isn’t so sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very good attempt to try and get a handle on this, but I don’t think it’s the final answer,” says Trenberth, who notes that the time frame studied was pretty short and included a period often described as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/global-warming-hiatus-debate-flares-up-again-1.19414\">global warming hiatus\u003c/a>, from 1999 to 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate researchers still have a lot of work to do when it comes to understanding clouds, says Trenberth, who believes the state of the science is still like that old \u003ca href=\"http://jonimitchell.com/\">Joni Mitchell\u003c/a> song \u003cem>Both Sides Now, \u003c/em>in which she sings, “I really don’t know clouds at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Climate+Change+May+Already+Be+Shifting+Clouds+Toward+The+Poles&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/841008/climate-change-may-already-be-shifting-clouds-toward-the-poles",
"authors": [
"byline_science_841008"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"featImg": "science_841009",
"label": "source_science_841008"
},
"science_826631": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_826631",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "826631",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1467982858000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1467982858,
"format": "standard",
"title": "How a Passing Comet Can Unlock Secrets From Earth’s Past",
"headTitle": "How a Passing Comet Can Unlock Secrets From Earth’s Past | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://rosetta.esa.int/\">Rosetta \u003c/a>spacecraft, which has been tagging along with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for almost two years, will conclude its mission in September when it collides with the comet, gathering as much data as it can along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Space Agency craft arrived at its target in August 2014, and launched a landing probe, \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/30100-comet-landing-discoveries-rosetta-philae-lander.html\">Philae\u003c/a>, to the comet’s surface that November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair made headlines since Rosetta is the first spacecraft to orbit a comet and Philae is the first probe to land on a comet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, sort of. Philae bounced a couple of times before coming to rest in a shady spot where its solar panels could not generate enough electricity to keep it going — but it did send back some valuable pictures and data before its batteries died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_826738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-826738\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2.jpg\" alt=\"Picture of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko taken on June 17, 2016 by the Rosetta spacecraft. \" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko taken on June 17, 2016 by the Rosetta spacecraft. \u003ccite>(Rosetta/ESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite Philae’s hiccup, the overall mission has been a remarkable success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s given us a detailed look into a comet, which is essentially a celestial time capsule frozen in ice. Comets preserve information about the early conditions of our solar system and the formation of the planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosetta observed chemicals that may even give us a clearer understanding of the origin of life on Earth. In addition to finding hydrocarbon compounds and molecular oxygen (the stuff we breath), Rosetta \u003ca href=\"http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Rosetta_s_comet_contains_ingredients_for_life\">detected the amino acid glycine,\u003c/a> as well as phosphorus, an element critical to the structure of DNA molecules in life on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A prevailing theory about life and our oceans is that both may have been supplied with materials delivered by comets and asteroids. We have learned that not only do comets contain large amounts of water ice, but individuals like 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko tell us that there are organic compounds — the chemical building-blocks of life — to be found in the leftover debris of the solar system’s formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young Earth was at one time a hot ball of molten lava, but at some point as it cooled it acquired oceans of liquid water, and maybe soon after this, its first life forms. Questions for a long time have been, where did the oceans’ waters come from, and how did life arise? Did water and organic compounds form directly from the cooling materials on Earth, or were those materials added by the impacts of comets and asteroids? Or both?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_826844\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 615px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-826844 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosettaCP.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of the Philae lander on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, with the Rosetta spacecraft in the background. \" width=\"615\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosettaCP.jpg 615w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosettaCP-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 615px) 100vw, 615px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the Philae lander on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, with the Rosetta spacecraft in the background. \u003ccite>(Rosetta/ESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The water in some comets is a nearly perfect chemical match for the water in our oceans today — a very clear “smoking gun” that comets and asteroids may have served as a sort of “bucket brigade” to deliver those waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s water is not a match to Earth’s, so comets of its type would have contributed less to Earth’s oceans than others. But 67P’s organic compounds, like glycine, support the idea of the cosmic origins of life’s raw materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what about \u003ca href=\"http://www.euronews.com/2016/07/05/spacecraft-rosetta-prepares-to-crash-land-on-comet-67p/\">Rosetta’s planned collision\u003c/a> with the comet? Do its controllers back on Earth just want to see a big crash? Not exactly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deliberate collisions of spacecraft with natural celestial bodies are done for more than one reason. The fiery burn-up of NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/galileo/\">Galileo \u003c/a>spacecraft in Jupiter’s atmosphere was done simply to prevent a soon-to-be-derelict spacecraft and its radiogenic fuel from flying around uncontrolled. In this case it was done to eliminate the possibility of a future collision with the moon Europa, on which Galileo discovered an ocean of liquid water — a potential home for life. The same fate awaits the \u003ca href=\"https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/\">Cassini \u003c/a>spacecraft which will crash into Saturn in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Rosetta’s case, the spacecraft would’ve died a natural death anyway, when the comet moves too far from the sun for Rosetta’s solar panels to maintain power. A final flight straight to the comet’s surface will let scientists collect data on the comet’s surface and coma (the shroud of gas and dust surrounding the nucleus), hopefully right up to the point of contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosetta won’t be plummeting into the comet in a fiery explosion, but easing in slowly. After this, Rosetta, along with Philae, will become permanent fixtures on the comet, a sort of monument and time capsule for the mission.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 782,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1704929956,
"excerpt": "The Rosetta spacecraft, which has been tagging along with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko will conclude its mission in September when it collides into the comet.\r\n\r\n",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The Rosetta spacecraft, which has been tagging along with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko will conclude its mission in September when it collides into the comet.\r\n\r\n",
"title": "How a Passing Comet Can Unlock Secrets From Earth’s Past | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "How a Passing Comet Can Unlock Secrets From Earth’s Past",
"datePublished": "2016-07-08T06:00:58-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:39:16-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "how-a-passing-comet-can-unlock-secrets-from-earths-past",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/826631/how-a-passing-comet-can-unlock-secrets-from-earths-past",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://rosetta.esa.int/\">Rosetta \u003c/a>spacecraft, which has been tagging along with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for almost two years, will conclude its mission in September when it collides with the comet, gathering as much data as it can along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Space Agency craft arrived at its target in August 2014, and launched a landing probe, \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/30100-comet-landing-discoveries-rosetta-philae-lander.html\">Philae\u003c/a>, to the comet’s surface that November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pair made headlines since Rosetta is the first spacecraft to orbit a comet and Philae is the first probe to land on a comet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, sort of. Philae bounced a couple of times before coming to rest in a shady spot where its solar panels could not generate enough electricity to keep it going — but it did send back some valuable pictures and data before its batteries died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_826738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-826738\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2.jpg\" alt=\"Picture of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko taken on June 17, 2016 by the Rosetta spacecraft. \" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Comet_on_17_June_2016_NavCam_node_full_image_2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko taken on June 17, 2016 by the Rosetta spacecraft. \u003ccite>(Rosetta/ESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite Philae’s hiccup, the overall mission has been a remarkable success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s given us a detailed look into a comet, which is essentially a celestial time capsule frozen in ice. Comets preserve information about the early conditions of our solar system and the formation of the planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosetta observed chemicals that may even give us a clearer understanding of the origin of life on Earth. In addition to finding hydrocarbon compounds and molecular oxygen (the stuff we breath), Rosetta \u003ca href=\"http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Rosetta_s_comet_contains_ingredients_for_life\">detected the amino acid glycine,\u003c/a> as well as phosphorus, an element critical to the structure of DNA molecules in life on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A prevailing theory about life and our oceans is that both may have been supplied with materials delivered by comets and asteroids. We have learned that not only do comets contain large amounts of water ice, but individuals like 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko tell us that there are organic compounds — the chemical building-blocks of life — to be found in the leftover debris of the solar system’s formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young Earth was at one time a hot ball of molten lava, but at some point as it cooled it acquired oceans of liquid water, and maybe soon after this, its first life forms. Questions for a long time have been, where did the oceans’ waters come from, and how did life arise? Did water and organic compounds form directly from the cooling materials on Earth, or were those materials added by the impacts of comets and asteroids? Or both?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_826844\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 615px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-826844 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosettaCP.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of the Philae lander on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, with the Rosetta spacecraft in the background. \" width=\"615\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosettaCP.jpg 615w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/rosettaCP-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 615px) 100vw, 615px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the Philae lander on the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, with the Rosetta spacecraft in the background. \u003ccite>(Rosetta/ESA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The water in some comets is a nearly perfect chemical match for the water in our oceans today — a very clear “smoking gun” that comets and asteroids may have served as a sort of “bucket brigade” to deliver those waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s water is not a match to Earth’s, so comets of its type would have contributed less to Earth’s oceans than others. But 67P’s organic compounds, like glycine, support the idea of the cosmic origins of life’s raw materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what about \u003ca href=\"http://www.euronews.com/2016/07/05/spacecraft-rosetta-prepares-to-crash-land-on-comet-67p/\">Rosetta’s planned collision\u003c/a> with the comet? Do its controllers back on Earth just want to see a big crash? Not exactly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deliberate collisions of spacecraft with natural celestial bodies are done for more than one reason. The fiery burn-up of NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/galileo/\">Galileo \u003c/a>spacecraft in Jupiter’s atmosphere was done simply to prevent a soon-to-be-derelict spacecraft and its radiogenic fuel from flying around uncontrolled. In this case it was done to eliminate the possibility of a future collision with the moon Europa, on which Galileo discovered an ocean of liquid water — a potential home for life. The same fate awaits the \u003ca href=\"https://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/\">Cassini \u003c/a>spacecraft which will crash into Saturn in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Rosetta’s case, the spacecraft would’ve died a natural death anyway, when the comet moves too far from the sun for Rosetta’s solar panels to maintain power. A final flight straight to the comet’s surface will let scientists collect data on the comet’s surface and coma (the shroud of gas and dust surrounding the nucleus), hopefully right up to the point of contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosetta won’t be plummeting into the comet in a fiery explosion, but easing in slowly. After this, Rosetta, along with Philae, will become permanent fixtures on the comet, a sort of monument and time capsule for the mission.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/826631/how-a-passing-comet-can-unlock-secrets-from-earths-past",
"authors": [
"6180"
],
"categories": [
"science_28",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1219",
"science_145",
"science_1216",
"science_1220",
"science_843",
"science_1821",
"science_1215"
],
"featImg": "science_826737",
"label": "science"
},
"science_831295": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_831295",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "831295",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1467914752000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1467914752,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Nine Experts to Watch on California Water Policy",
"headTitle": "Nine Experts to Watch on California Water Policy | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>More than four years of drought in California have made the need for smart and forward-looking water policy initiatives abundantly clear. About 83 percent of the state is currently still in drought, according to the most recent data by the U.S. Drought Monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state also faces big policy decisions on how to prepare for long-term water shortages resulting from climate change, growing ecological concerns in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, implementation of groundwater law and continued issues with water supply and conveyance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meet nine top experts who are driving the conversation on California’s water policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ellen Hanak\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellen Hanak is the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PPIC Water Policy Center\u003c/a>, a prominent think tank known for reports on California’s water supplies. The center’s recent publications have focused on California’s most pressing water management issues and brought evaluations and recommendations on topics like the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=1177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water market\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=609\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water quality\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=1106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">groundwater management\u003c/a> and preparations for \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">droughts\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=707\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">floods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanak’s research expertise reaches beyond water policy and includes climate change and infrastructure finance. That openness to approaching research from different angles \u003ca href=\"http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060030797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has won her praise\u003c/a>and she has been lauded for bringing technical experts and policy minds together to develop the innovative, long-term management solutions that California needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanak’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ellenhanak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter feed\u003c/a> is an excellent resource for staying on top of PPIC’s publications and recommended reads. She also contributes to PPIC’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/bio.asp?i=72\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog and reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jeffrey Mount\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PPIC Water Policy Center is also the base of Jeff Mount, a geomorphologist, emeritus professor at the University of California, Davis, and the founding director of the school’s \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Watershed Sciences\u003c/a>. Mount is a veteran researcher in the study of rivers, streams and wetlands, and the mechanics of the Delta. His research has focused on water resource management, aquatic ecosystems and flood control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount is well known for having written \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B003AU4G6Q/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?ie=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a seminal book\u003c/a> on California’s flood systems and was once described by the New York Times as the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/18/science/18conv.html?fta=y&_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maverick member\u003c/a>” of the California State Reclamation Board, the agency overseeing levee safety. Mount was recently \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALWATERPOLICY/status/722939937629331457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recognized\u003c/a> by the California Water Policy Conference for his efforts on educating people about water problems and solutions, particularly about the risk to Delta levees. He also contributes to PPIC’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/bio.asp?i=356\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog and reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kirsten James\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirsten James oversees California Policy and Partnerships at \u003ca href=\"http://ceres.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ceres\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that mobilizes investors and business leaders to work toward a sustainable global economy. Ceres has been a strong voice pushing for innovative, cross-sector solutions to California’s water management challenges and has emphasized the crucial role that business can play in promoting those solutions. Its \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceres.org/connect-the-drops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Connect The Drops\u003c/a> campaign has connected environmental groups, legislators and business leaders to develop solutions for the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James has been working on water issues for decades, including for the leading clean water nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthebay.org/blogs-news/bidding-adieu-htbs-water-quality-guru\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heal the Bay\u003c/a>. “The key to California’s water future is investing in the water we already have and valuing every drop,” James wrote in \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/op-eds/2015/10/8706/leak-last-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an op-ed for Water Deeply\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She contributes regular op-eds to \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/op-eds/2016/01/28/water-conservation-should-be-a-way-of-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Deeply\u003c/a> and you can follow her on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kirstenjames_ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter\u003c/a> for recommended reads and the latest on Ceres’ work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Kiparsky\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Kiparsky works at the intersection of science and policy. Currently, he is director at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/research/wheeler/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wheeler Water Institute\u003c/a> at the University of California, Berkeley School of Law, which takes an interdisciplinary approach to water solutions in California by addressing water quality concerns, urban water systems and conflicts emerging from the competing demands of human and environmental water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiparsky has done extensive work on water policy, but he also focuses on water sector innovation, climate change and water resources planning. His work has earned awards from the National Science Foundation, the Association of California Water Agencies, the CALFED Bay-Delta Science Program and the Udall Foundation. He \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/article77910362.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote recently\u003c/a> about the role of good governance and agency structure in implementing California’s 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Anecita Agustinez\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anecita Agustinez works as tribal policy advisor to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>, where her more than three decades of experience on issues pertaining to the state’s Native American tribes help guide water policies, including the governor’s tribal drought task force, groundwater sustainability and the California Water Fix plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has also done award-winning work as executive producer and media strategist for \u003ca href=\"http://onnativeground.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On Native Ground\u003c/a>, a tribal nonprofit film and media company, which works to promote positive visibility for Native American and indigenous filmmakers and community leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paula Daniels\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paula Daniels has been a prominent voice on environmental issues in California for more than two decades. She worked with Heal the Bay for 20 years and served on the California Coastal Commission as well as the governing board of the California Bay-Delta Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniels is currently a member of the California Water Commission and is the executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://californiacentral.usc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Central\u003c/a>, which helps tackle the issue of water in the age of climate change. Her track record on the Los Angeles Board of Public Works highlights a deep commitment to \u003ca href=\"http://www.lastormwater.org/blog/2011/10/paula-daniels-food-system-for-los-angeles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">green infrastructure initiatives\u003c/a>, including rainwater conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow Daniels on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PaulaADaniels?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter\u003c/a> for her insights on water policy, water conservation and sustainable, healthy food production. Read her blogs on \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/paula-daniels/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Huffington Post.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cynthia Koehler\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental attorney and water policy expert Cynthia Koehler cofounded the \u003ca href=\"http://waternowalliance.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WaterNow Alliance\u003c/a>, a network of water leaders working to spearhead sustainable long-term strategies and make decisions on California’s water policy less crisis-driven. “We started the WaterNow Alliance because we believe that sustainable innovative solutions are the path to resilience in the face of climate change,” Koehler \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSP_0HkL7_o&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explains\u003c/a> in a video about the organization. “It’s about disrupting conventional thinking about water and making these solutions – whether it’s reuse or green infrastructure or efficiency technology – the new normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koehler, who’s a board member for Marin’s Municipal Water District and a member of the Water Education Foundation, previously worked for Save San Francisco Bay and the Environmental Defense Fund’s San Francisco office. Now she aims to bridge the disconnect between innovators and the decision-makers who can bring new technologies to help solve California’s water problems to the state’s communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dave Puglia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As executive vice president at \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western Growers\u003c/a>, Dave Puglia has extensive experience in water policy issues affecting the agriculture industry. He previously headed the government affairs team for Western Growers, working on legislative and regulatory efforts for members in California and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has worked for years on policy issues affecting the agriculture industry and has deep roots in Sacramento, working on political campaigns, as well as holding positions with the state Department of Justice, the California Attorney General’s Office and APCO Worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can follow \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dave_puglia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his thoughts\u003c/a> on water and agricultural policy on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Drekmeier\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A longtime environmental activist, whitewater rafting guide and the former mayor of Palo Alto, Peter Drekmeier currently works as the policy director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tuolumne.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tuolumne River Trust\u003c/a>. The organization is focused on protecting and restoring the Tuolumne, a source of water for millions of people across the San Francisco Bay Area. In his position, Drekmeier is primarily focused on state and federal water policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drekmeier’s firsthand experience with the effects of the drought on the Tuolumne River make him a powerful advocate for the efforts needed to secure a sustainable water future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find \u003c/em>\u003cem>it \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/07/07/nine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003cem> For important news about the California drought, you can\u003c/em> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">sign up\u003c/a>\u003c/em> \u003cem>to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1309,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 37
},
"modified": 1704929961,
"excerpt": "California faces a host of water issues, which is why good policy leaders are important. In the first installment of our “Experts to Watch” series, here are nine people who are contributing to policy solutions in the state.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "California faces a host of water issues, which is why good policy leaders are important. In the first installment of our “Experts to Watch” series, here are nine people who are contributing to policy solutions in the state.",
"title": "Nine Experts to Watch on California Water Policy | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Nine Experts to Watch on California Water Policy",
"datePublished": "2016-07-07T11:05:52-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:39:21-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "nine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/",
"nprByline": "Eline Gordts\u003c/br>Water Deeply",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Water Deeply",
"path": "/science/831295/nine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than four years of drought in California have made the need for smart and forward-looking water policy initiatives abundantly clear. About 83 percent of the state is currently still in drought, according to the most recent data by the U.S. Drought Monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state also faces big policy decisions on how to prepare for long-term water shortages resulting from climate change, growing ecological concerns in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, implementation of groundwater law and continued issues with water supply and conveyance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meet nine top experts who are driving the conversation on California’s water policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ellen Hanak\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ellen Hanak is the director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PPIC Water Policy Center\u003c/a>, a prominent think tank known for reports on California’s water supplies. The center’s recent publications have focused on California’s most pressing water management issues and brought evaluations and recommendations on topics like the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=1177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water market\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=609\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water quality\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=1106\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">groundwater management\u003c/a> and preparations for \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1174\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">droughts\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=707\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">floods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanak’s research expertise reaches beyond water policy and includes climate change and infrastructure finance. That openness to approaching research from different angles \u003ca href=\"http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060030797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has won her praise\u003c/a>and she has been lauded for bringing technical experts and policy minds together to develop the innovative, long-term management solutions that California needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanak’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ellenhanak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter feed\u003c/a> is an excellent resource for staying on top of PPIC’s publications and recommended reads. She also contributes to PPIC’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/bio.asp?i=72\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog and reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jeffrey Mount\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PPIC Water Policy Center is also the base of Jeff Mount, a geomorphologist, emeritus professor at the University of California, Davis, and the founding director of the school’s \u003ca href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Watershed Sciences\u003c/a>. Mount is a veteran researcher in the study of rivers, streams and wetlands, and the mechanics of the Delta. His research has focused on water resource management, aquatic ecosystems and flood control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount is well known for having written \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B003AU4G6Q/ref=dp-kindle-redirect?ie=UTF8&btkr=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a seminal book\u003c/a> on California’s flood systems and was once described by the New York Times as the “\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/18/science/18conv.html?fta=y&_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maverick member\u003c/a>” of the California State Reclamation Board, the agency overseeing levee safety. Mount was recently \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALWATERPOLICY/status/722939937629331457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recognized\u003c/a> by the California Water Policy Conference for his efforts on educating people about water problems and solutions, particularly about the risk to Delta levees. He also contributes to PPIC’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/bio.asp?i=356\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog and reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Kirsten James\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirsten James oversees California Policy and Partnerships at \u003ca href=\"http://ceres.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ceres\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that mobilizes investors and business leaders to work toward a sustainable global economy. Ceres has been a strong voice pushing for innovative, cross-sector solutions to California’s water management challenges and has emphasized the crucial role that business can play in promoting those solutions. Its \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceres.org/connect-the-drops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Connect The Drops\u003c/a> campaign has connected environmental groups, legislators and business leaders to develop solutions for the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James has been working on water issues for decades, including for the leading clean water nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthebay.org/blogs-news/bidding-adieu-htbs-water-quality-guru\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Heal the Bay\u003c/a>. “The key to California’s water future is investing in the water we already have and valuing every drop,” James wrote in \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/op-eds/2015/10/8706/leak-last-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an op-ed for Water Deeply\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She contributes regular op-eds to \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/op-eds/2016/01/28/water-conservation-should-be-a-way-of-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Deeply\u003c/a> and you can follow her on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kirstenjames_ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter\u003c/a> for recommended reads and the latest on Ceres’ work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Kiparsky\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Kiparsky works at the intersection of science and policy. Currently, he is director at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/research/wheeler/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wheeler Water Institute\u003c/a> at the University of California, Berkeley School of Law, which takes an interdisciplinary approach to water solutions in California by addressing water quality concerns, urban water systems and conflicts emerging from the competing demands of human and environmental water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiparsky has done extensive work on water policy, but he also focuses on water sector innovation, climate change and water resources planning. His work has earned awards from the National Science Foundation, the Association of California Water Agencies, the CALFED Bay-Delta Science Program and the Udall Foundation. He \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/article77910362.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote recently\u003c/a> about the role of good governance and agency structure in implementing California’s 2014 Sustainable Groundwater Management Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Anecita Agustinez\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anecita Agustinez works as tribal policy advisor to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>, where her more than three decades of experience on issues pertaining to the state’s Native American tribes help guide water policies, including the governor’s tribal drought task force, groundwater sustainability and the California Water Fix plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has also done award-winning work as executive producer and media strategist for \u003ca href=\"http://onnativeground.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On Native Ground\u003c/a>, a tribal nonprofit film and media company, which works to promote positive visibility for Native American and indigenous filmmakers and community leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paula Daniels\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paula Daniels has been a prominent voice on environmental issues in California for more than two decades. She worked with Heal the Bay for 20 years and served on the California Coastal Commission as well as the governing board of the California Bay-Delta Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniels is currently a member of the California Water Commission and is the executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://californiacentral.usc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Central\u003c/a>, which helps tackle the issue of water in the age of climate change. Her track record on the Los Angeles Board of Public Works highlights a deep commitment to \u003ca href=\"http://www.lastormwater.org/blog/2011/10/paula-daniels-food-system-for-los-angeles/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">green infrastructure initiatives\u003c/a>, including rainwater conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow Daniels on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PaulaADaniels?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter\u003c/a> for her insights on water policy, water conservation and sustainable, healthy food production. Read her blogs on \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/paula-daniels/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Huffington Post.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cynthia Koehler\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental attorney and water policy expert Cynthia Koehler cofounded the \u003ca href=\"http://waternowalliance.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WaterNow Alliance\u003c/a>, a network of water leaders working to spearhead sustainable long-term strategies and make decisions on California’s water policy less crisis-driven. “We started the WaterNow Alliance because we believe that sustainable innovative solutions are the path to resilience in the face of climate change,” Koehler \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSP_0HkL7_o&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explains\u003c/a> in a video about the organization. “It’s about disrupting conventional thinking about water and making these solutions – whether it’s reuse or green infrastructure or efficiency technology – the new normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koehler, who’s a board member for Marin’s Municipal Water District and a member of the Water Education Foundation, previously worked for Save San Francisco Bay and the Environmental Defense Fund’s San Francisco office. Now she aims to bridge the disconnect between innovators and the decision-makers who can bring new technologies to help solve California’s water problems to the state’s communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dave Puglia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As executive vice president at \u003ca href=\"https://www.wga.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western Growers\u003c/a>, Dave Puglia has extensive experience in water policy issues affecting the agriculture industry. He previously headed the government affairs team for Western Growers, working on legislative and regulatory efforts for members in California and Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has worked for years on policy issues affecting the agriculture industry and has deep roots in Sacramento, working on political campaigns, as well as holding positions with the state Department of Justice, the California Attorney General’s Office and APCO Worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can follow \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/dave_puglia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his thoughts\u003c/a> on water and agricultural policy on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Peter Drekmeier\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A longtime environmental activist, whitewater rafting guide and the former mayor of Palo Alto, Peter Drekmeier currently works as the policy director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tuolumne.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tuolumne River Trust\u003c/a>. The organization is focused on protecting and restoring the Tuolumne, a source of water for millions of people across the San Francisco Bay Area. In his position, Drekmeier is primarily focused on state and federal water policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drekmeier’s firsthand experience with the effects of the drought on the Tuolumne River make him a powerful advocate for the efforts needed to secure a sustainable water future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find \u003c/em>\u003cem>it \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/07/07/nine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003cem> For important news about the California drought, you can\u003c/em> \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">sign up\u003c/a>\u003c/em> \u003cem>to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/831295/nine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy",
"authors": [
"byline_science_831295"
],
"categories": [
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"featImg": "science_831300",
"label": "source_science_831295"
},
"science_831285": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_831285",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "831285",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1467913260000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1467913260,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Hayward Fixes Crooked Curb, Breaks Geologists' Hearts",
"headTitle": "Hayward Fixes Crooked Curb, Breaks Geologists’ Hearts | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>To the average pedestrian, it was just a curb. To an observant one, perhaps, it was an oddly \u003cem>misaligned\u003c/em> curb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To geologists, it was a snapshot of the earth’s shifting tectonic plates — an accidental experiment, a field trip destination for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to the town of Hayward, it was just a bit of subpar infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-earthquake-curb-destroyed-20160705-snap-htmlstory.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> sums up what happened next:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then, one early June day, a city crew decided to fix the faulty curb — pun intended. By doing what cities are supposed to do — fixing streets — the city’s action stunned scientists, who said a wonderful curbside laboratory for studying earthquakes was destroyed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologist David Schwartz of the U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/07/06/484987268/in-california-fixing-a-curb-destroyed-the-holy-grail-of-seismology\">spoke with NPR\u003c/a> on Wednesday. He has been visiting the curb for 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the fault that broke the curb — the Hayward fault — is “one of the major and most important faults in the San Francisco Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In probably the late 1950s, your standard sidewalk curb was built across the fault — and the fault is creeping,” Schwartz explained. “That means it moves a little bit every year, maybe about 4 millimeters. It broke through the curb and started pushing it out. And over the years it has moved it 8 inches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_831286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-831286\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8.jpg\" alt=\"Geology enthusiasts gather at a (formerly) noteworthy curb in Hayward, Calif., in May 2012. The curb was once straight; the shifting Hayward fault pulled it apart.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geology enthusiasts gather at a (formerly) noteworthy curb in Hayward, Calif., in May 2012. The curb was once straight; the shifting Hayward fault pulled it apart. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A website for geology-themed field trips has photos of the curb \u003ca href=\"http://www.geologyfieldtrips.com/haywardresidential.htm\">dating back to the early ’70s\u003c/a>. They show the separating halves of the curb at first disjointed but overlapping, then growing farther apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the curb is gone — making way for a wheelchair-accessible ramp, the \u003cem>LA Times\u003c/em> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our mandate from our council is that we have safe sidewalks and accessible sidewalks for all members of our community,” an assistant city manager \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-earthquake-curb-destroyed-20160705-snap-htmlstory.html\">told the paper\u003c/a>, while noting that they might have acted differently if they’d known of the curb’s unusually exalted status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Alden, a geologist who is also a science contributor \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/andrew-alden/\">for member station KQED\u003c/a>, noticed the new construction more than a week ago and documented it \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2016/06/27/loss-of-an-icon-the-hayward-faults-roseprospect-curb/\">on his blog.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He mourned the loss of an “icon,” one worthy of pilgrimages for geologists. He also wrote that the addition of an accessible curb is “a good thing and undoubtedly overdue. Still.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_831288\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-831288 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732.jpg\" alt='In late June, Andrew Alden documented the demise of the geologically significant curb. \"It is no more,\" he wrote. \"Come back in 20 years.\"' width=\"1200\" height=\"818\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732-400x273.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732-800x545.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732-768x524.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732-1180x804.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732-960x654.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In late June, Andrew Alden documented the demise of the geologically significant curb. “It is no more,” \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2016/06/27/loss-of-an-icon-the-hayward-faults-roseprospect-curb/\">he wrote\u003c/a>. “Come back in 20 years.” \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Schwartz told NPR it would have been nice if geologists had been able to speak with the city before the curb improvements began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe what we need to do in the future is give them a list of places that really shouldn’t be touched if they don’t have to be,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, a newly installed curb won’t be able to resist the pull of the fault for long, Schwartz says, though it may take decades for it to return to its former glory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would think that within a couple of years the fault will have cracked it and will have started to make it slide,” he said. “If you wanted to see something really great, I think you’d have to wait about 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless we have a large earthquake, you know, in the interim.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Town+Fixes+Crooked+Curb%2C+Breaks+Geologists%27+Hearts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 620,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1704929962,
"excerpt": "A misaligned curb in Hayward was a popular destination for geology field trips. For decades it had reflected the shift of a major fault in the San Francisco area. But it has lost its appeal.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A misaligned curb in Hayward was a popular destination for geology field trips. For decades it had reflected the shift of a major fault in the San Francisco area. But it has lost its appeal.",
"title": "Hayward Fixes Crooked Curb, Breaks Geologists' Hearts | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Hayward Fixes Crooked Curb, Breaks Geologists' Hearts",
"datePublished": "2016-07-07T10:41:00-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:39:22-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-town-fixes-crooked-curb-breaks-geologists-hearts",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=485021384&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprStoryDate": "Wed, 06 Jul 2016 21:11:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 07 Jul 2016 10:39:20 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/06/485021384/california-town-fixes-crooked-curb-breaks-geologists-hearts?ft=nprml&f=485021384",
"nprAudio": "http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/07/20160706_atc_in_california_fixing_a_curb_destroyed_the_holy_grail_of_seismology.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=109&story=485021384&ft=nprml&f=485021384",
"nprImageAgency": "Courtesy of Andrew Alden",
"source": "NPR",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1485024955-116b37.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=109&story=485021384&ft=nprml&f=485021384",
"nprStoryId": "485021384",
"sourceUrl": "http://www.npr.org/",
"nprByline": "Camila Domonoske\u003c/br>NPR",
"sticky": false,
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 07 Jul 2016 10:39:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/831285/california-town-fixes-crooked-curb-breaks-geologists-hearts",
"audioUrl": "http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/07/20160706_atc_in_california_fixing_a_curb_destroyed_the_holy_grail_of_seismology.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1003&d=109&story=485021384&ft=nprml&f=485021384",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To the average pedestrian, it was just a curb. To an observant one, perhaps, it was an oddly \u003cem>misaligned\u003c/em> curb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To geologists, it was a snapshot of the earth’s shifting tectonic plates — an accidental experiment, a field trip destination for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to the town of Hayward, it was just a bit of subpar infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-earthquake-curb-destroyed-20160705-snap-htmlstory.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> sums up what happened next:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then, one early June day, a city crew decided to fix the faulty curb — pun intended. By doing what cities are supposed to do — fixing streets — the city’s action stunned scientists, who said a wonderful curbside laboratory for studying earthquakes was destroyed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologist David Schwartz of the U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/07/06/484987268/in-california-fixing-a-curb-destroyed-the-holy-grail-of-seismology\">spoke with NPR\u003c/a> on Wednesday. He has been visiting the curb for 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the fault that broke the curb — the Hayward fault — is “one of the major and most important faults in the San Francisco Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In probably the late 1950s, your standard sidewalk curb was built across the fault — and the fault is creeping,” Schwartz explained. “That means it moves a little bit every year, maybe about 4 millimeters. It broke through the curb and started pushing it out. And over the years it has moved it 8 inches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_831286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-831286\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8.jpg\" alt=\"Geology enthusiasts gather at a (formerly) noteworthy curb in Hayward, Calif., in May 2012. The curb was once straight; the shifting Hayward fault pulled it apart.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/002_wide-10328617537992800ee8efbe1486628f6ba5f0f8-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geology enthusiasts gather at a (formerly) noteworthy curb in Hayward, Calif., in May 2012. The curb was once straight; the shifting Hayward fault pulled it apart. \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A website for geology-themed field trips has photos of the curb \u003ca href=\"http://www.geologyfieldtrips.com/haywardresidential.htm\">dating back to the early ’70s\u003c/a>. They show the separating halves of the curb at first disjointed but overlapping, then growing farther apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the curb is gone — making way for a wheelchair-accessible ramp, the \u003cem>LA Times\u003c/em> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our mandate from our council is that we have safe sidewalks and accessible sidewalks for all members of our community,” an assistant city manager \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-earthquake-curb-destroyed-20160705-snap-htmlstory.html\">told the paper\u003c/a>, while noting that they might have acted differently if they’d known of the curb’s unusually exalted status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Alden, a geologist who is also a science contributor \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/andrew-alden/\">for member station KQED\u003c/a>, noticed the new construction more than a week ago and documented it \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2016/06/27/loss-of-an-icon-the-hayward-faults-roseprospect-curb/\">on his blog.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He mourned the loss of an “icon,” one worthy of pilgrimages for geologists. He also wrote that the addition of an accessible curb is “a good thing and undoubtedly overdue. Still.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_831288\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-831288 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732.jpg\" alt='In late June, Andrew Alden documented the demise of the geologically significant curb. \"It is no more,\" he wrote. \"Come back in 20 years.\"' width=\"1200\" height=\"818\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732-400x273.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732-800x545.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732-768x524.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732-1180x804.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/dscn0937_custom-000e8a550d2cd047288fb6a7c0b6afaf2b52a732-960x654.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In late June, Andrew Alden documented the demise of the geologically significant curb. “It is no more,” \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/2016/06/27/loss-of-an-icon-the-hayward-faults-roseprospect-curb/\">he wrote\u003c/a>. “Come back in 20 years.” \u003ccite>(Andrew Alden)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Schwartz told NPR it would have been nice if geologists had been able to speak with the city before the curb improvements began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe what we need to do in the future is give them a list of places that really shouldn’t be touched if they don’t have to be,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, a newly installed curb won’t be able to resist the pull of the fault for long, Schwartz says, though it may take decades for it to return to its former glory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would think that within a couple of years the fault will have cracked it and will have started to make it slide,” he said. “If you wanted to see something really great, I think you’d have to wait about 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless we have a large earthquake, you know, in the interim.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Town+Fixes+Crooked+Curb%2C+Breaks+Geologists%27+Hearts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/831285/california-town-fixes-crooked-curb-breaks-geologists-hearts",
"authors": [
"byline_science_831285"
],
"categories": [
"science_38",
"science_40"
],
"featImg": "science_831287",
"label": "source_science_831285"
},
"science_829260": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_829260",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "829260",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1467843969000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1467843969,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Californians Excel in Final Month of Statewide Water Cuts",
"headTitle": "Californians Excel in Final Month of Statewide Water Cuts | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Californians beat a water-savings target in the final month of mandatory statewide water conservation, reducing their use by more than one-fourth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians in May cut their residential water use by 28 percent, compared to the same month in 2013, the state Water Resources Control Board said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown ordered mandatory water conservation by cities and towns last year, when California was then in its fourth year of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 80 percent of the state remains in drought now, although a rainy winter in Northern California has eased the dry spell there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 12 months of mandatory water conservation set water-savings targets of between 20- and 25 percent statewide, for residential users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians saved nearly 500 billion gallons in that period, enough to supply 8 million people with water for a year, the water board said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in June, water districts that can show that they have enough water to get through another three years of drought are being allowed to escape the mandatory conservation orders.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 172,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 9
},
"modified": 1704929967,
"excerpt": "May was the last month of mandatory water conservation in California. Going forward, water districts will determine how much they need to save.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "May was the last month of mandatory water conservation in California. Going forward, water districts will determine how much they need to save.",
"title": "Californians Excel in Final Month of Statewide Water Cuts | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Californians Excel in Final Month of Statewide Water Cuts",
"datePublished": "2016-07-06T15:26:09-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:39:27-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "californians-excel-in-final-month-of-statewide-water-cuts",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Associated Press",
"path": "/science/829260/californians-excel-in-final-month-of-statewide-water-cuts",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians beat a water-savings target in the final month of mandatory statewide water conservation, reducing their use by more than one-fourth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians in May cut their residential water use by 28 percent, compared to the same month in 2013, the state Water Resources Control Board said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown ordered mandatory water conservation by cities and towns last year, when California was then in its fourth year of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 80 percent of the state remains in drought now, although a rainy winter in Northern California has eased the dry spell there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 12 months of mandatory water conservation set water-savings targets of between 20- and 25 percent statewide, for residential users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians saved nearly 500 billion gallons in that period, enough to supply 8 million people with water for a year, the water board said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in June, water districts that can show that they have enough water to get through another three years of drought are being allowed to escape the mandatory conservation orders.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/829260/californians-excel-in-final-month-of-statewide-water-cuts",
"authors": [
"byline_science_829260"
],
"categories": [
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"featImg": "science_829364",
"label": "source_science_829260"
},
"science_824984": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_824984",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "824984",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1467693042000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1467693042,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Hello Jupiter! NASA Spacecraft Arrives at Giant Planet",
"headTitle": "Hello Jupiter! NASA Spacecraft Arrives at Giant Planet | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Braving intense radiation, a NASA spacecraft reached Jupiter on Monday after a five-year voyage to begin exploring the king of the planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ground controllers at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory erupted in applause when the solar-powered Juno spacecraft beamed home news that it was circling Jupiter’s poles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrival at Jupiter was dramatic. As Juno approached its target, it fired its rocket engine to slow itself down and gently slipped into orbit. Because of the communication time lag between Jupiter and Earth, Juno was on autopilot when it executed the daring move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spacecraft’s camera and other instruments were switched off for arrival, so there won’t be any pictures at the moment it reaches its destination. Hours before the encounter, NASA released a series of images taken last week during the approach, showing Jupiter glowing yellow in the distance, circled by its four inner moons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have promised close-up views of the planet when Juno skims the cloud tops during the 20-month, $1.1 billion mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fifth rock from the sun and the heftiest planet in the solar system, Jupiter is what’s known as a gas giant — a ball of hydrogen and helium — unlike rocky Earth and Mars.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/kjfQCTat-8s?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With its billowy clouds and colorful stripes, Jupiter is an extreme world that likely formed first, shortly after the sun. Unlocking its history may hold clues to understanding how Earth and the rest of the solar system developed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Named after Jupiter’s cloud-piercing wife in Roman mythology, Juno is only the second mission designed to spend time at Jupiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galileo, launched in 1989, circled Jupiter for nearly a decade, beaming back splendid views of the planet and its numerous moons. It uncovered signs of an ocean beneath the icy surface of the moon Europa, considered a top target in the search for life outside Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juno’s mission: To peer through Jupiter’s cloud-socked atmosphere and map the interior from a unique vantage point above the poles. Among the lingering questions: How much water exists? Is there a solid core? Why are Jupiter’s southern and northern lights the brightest in the solar system?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What Juno’s about is looking beneath that surface,” Juno chief scientist Scott Bolton said before the arrival. “We’ve got to go down and look at what’s inside, see how it’s built, how deep these features go, learn about its real secrets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the mystery of its Great Red Spot. Recent observations by the Hubble Space Telescope revealed the centuries-old monster storm in Jupiter’s atmosphere is shrinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trek to Jupiter, spanning nearly five years and 1.8 billion miles (2.8 billion kilometers), took Juno on a tour of the inner solar system followed by a swing past Earth that catapulted it beyond the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, Juno became the first spacecraft to cruise that far out powered by the sun, beating Europe’s comet-chasing Rosetta spacecraft. A trio of massive solar wings sticks out from Juno like blades from a windmill, generating 500 watts of power to run its nine instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming days, Juno will turn its instruments back on, but the real work won’t begin until late August when the spacecraft swings in closer. Plans called for Juno to swoop within 3,000 miles (5,000 kilometers) of Jupiter’s clouds — closer than previous missions — to map the planet’s gravity and magnetic fields in order to learn about the interior makeup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juno, built by Lockheed Martin, is an armored spacecraft — its computer and electronics are locked in a titanium vault to shield them from harmful radiation. Even so, Juno is expected to get blasted with radiation equal to more than 100 million dental X-rays during the mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Galileo before it, Juno meets its demise in 2018 when it deliberately dives into Jupiter’s atmosphere and disintegrates — a necessary sacrifice to prevent any chance of accidentally crashing into the planet’s potentially habitable moons.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 711,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704929975,
"excerpt": "After a five-year voyage to begin exploring the king of the planets, NASA’s robotic probe Juno reaches Jupiter.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "After a five-year voyage to begin exploring the king of the planets, NASA’s robotic probe Juno reaches Jupiter.",
"title": "Hello Jupiter! NASA Spacecraft Arrives at Giant Planet | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Hello Jupiter! NASA Spacecraft Arrives at Giant Planet",
"datePublished": "2016-07-04T21:30:42-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:39:35-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "hello-jupiter-nasa-spacecraft-arrives-at-giant-planet",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Alicia Chang\u003c/br>Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Associated Press",
"path": "/science/824984/hello-jupiter-nasa-spacecraft-arrives-at-giant-planet",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Braving intense radiation, a NASA spacecraft reached Jupiter on Monday after a five-year voyage to begin exploring the king of the planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ground controllers at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory erupted in applause when the solar-powered Juno spacecraft beamed home news that it was circling Jupiter’s poles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arrival at Jupiter was dramatic. As Juno approached its target, it fired its rocket engine to slow itself down and gently slipped into orbit. Because of the communication time lag between Jupiter and Earth, Juno was on autopilot when it executed the daring move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spacecraft’s camera and other instruments were switched off for arrival, so there won’t be any pictures at the moment it reaches its destination. Hours before the encounter, NASA released a series of images taken last week during the approach, showing Jupiter glowing yellow in the distance, circled by its four inner moons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have promised close-up views of the planet when Juno skims the cloud tops during the 20-month, $1.1 billion mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fifth rock from the sun and the heftiest planet in the solar system, Jupiter is what’s known as a gas giant — a ball of hydrogen and helium — unlike rocky Earth and Mars.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/kjfQCTat-8s?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With its billowy clouds and colorful stripes, Jupiter is an extreme world that likely formed first, shortly after the sun. Unlocking its history may hold clues to understanding how Earth and the rest of the solar system developed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Named after Jupiter’s cloud-piercing wife in Roman mythology, Juno is only the second mission designed to spend time at Jupiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galileo, launched in 1989, circled Jupiter for nearly a decade, beaming back splendid views of the planet and its numerous moons. It uncovered signs of an ocean beneath the icy surface of the moon Europa, considered a top target in the search for life outside Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juno’s mission: To peer through Jupiter’s cloud-socked atmosphere and map the interior from a unique vantage point above the poles. Among the lingering questions: How much water exists? Is there a solid core? Why are Jupiter’s southern and northern lights the brightest in the solar system?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What Juno’s about is looking beneath that surface,” Juno chief scientist Scott Bolton said before the arrival. “We’ve got to go down and look at what’s inside, see how it’s built, how deep these features go, learn about its real secrets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also the mystery of its Great Red Spot. Recent observations by the Hubble Space Telescope revealed the centuries-old monster storm in Jupiter’s atmosphere is shrinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trek to Jupiter, spanning nearly five years and 1.8 billion miles (2.8 billion kilometers), took Juno on a tour of the inner solar system followed by a swing past Earth that catapulted it beyond the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, Juno became the first spacecraft to cruise that far out powered by the sun, beating Europe’s comet-chasing Rosetta spacecraft. A trio of massive solar wings sticks out from Juno like blades from a windmill, generating 500 watts of power to run its nine instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming days, Juno will turn its instruments back on, but the real work won’t begin until late August when the spacecraft swings in closer. Plans called for Juno to swoop within 3,000 miles (5,000 kilometers) of Jupiter’s clouds — closer than previous missions — to map the planet’s gravity and magnetic fields in order to learn about the interior makeup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juno, built by Lockheed Martin, is an armored spacecraft — its computer and electronics are locked in a titanium vault to shield them from harmful radiation. Even so, Juno is expected to get blasted with radiation equal to more than 100 million dental X-rays during the mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Galileo before it, Juno meets its demise in 2018 when it deliberately dives into Jupiter’s atmosphere and disintegrates — a necessary sacrifice to prevent any chance of accidentally crashing into the planet’s potentially habitable moons.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/824984/hello-jupiter-nasa-spacecraft-arrives-at-giant-planet",
"authors": [
"byline_science_824984"
],
"categories": [
"science_28",
"science_40"
],
"featImg": "science_759061",
"label": "source_science_824984"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=news": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 2640,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 3383,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_848472",
"science_845966",
"science_841666",
"science_841345",
"science_841128",
"science_841018",
"science_841008",
"science_826631",
"science_831295",
"science_831285",
"science_829260",
"science_824984"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_news": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"source_science_848472": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_848472",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Central",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_845966": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_845966",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Central",
"link": "http://www.climatecentral.org/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_841345": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_841345",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_841128": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_841128",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Water Deeply",
"link": "https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_841018": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_841018",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Central",
"link": "http://www.climatecentral.org/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_841008": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_841008",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "NPR",
"link": "http://www.npr.org/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_831295": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_831295",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Water Deeply",
"link": "https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_831285": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_831285",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "NPR",
"link": "http://www.npr.org/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_829260": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_829260",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_824984": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_824984",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_30": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/biology"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_43": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_43",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "43",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 45,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/radio"
},
"science_3072": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3072",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3072",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "opioid addiction",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "opioid addiction Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3072,
"slug": "opioid-addiction",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/opioid-addiction"
},
"science_2873": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2873",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2873",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oceans Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2873,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/oceans"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_28": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_28",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "28",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Astronomy",
"description": "Explore the universe with KQED Science! Dive into the latest astronomy news, discover celestial events, and unravel the mysteries of outer space.",
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Explore the universe with KQED Science! Dive into the latest astronomy news, discover celestial events, and unravel the mysteries of outer space.",
"title": "Astronomy Articles | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 30,
"slug": "astronomy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/astronomy"
},
"science_1219": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1219",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1219",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Churyumov",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Churyumov Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1228,
"slug": "churyumov",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/churyumov"
},
"science_145": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_145",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "145",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "comet",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "comet Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 149,
"slug": "comet",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/comet"
},
"science_1216": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1216",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1216",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "esa",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "esa Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1225,
"slug": "esa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/esa"
},
"science_1220": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1220",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1220",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Gerasimenko",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Gerasimenko Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1229,
"slug": "gerasimenko",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/gerasimenko"
},
"science_843": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_843",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "843",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ocean",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ocean Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 849,
"slug": "ocean",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/ocean"
},
"science_1821": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1821",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1821",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "philae",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "philae Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1832,
"slug": "philae",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/philae"
},
"science_1215": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1215",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1215",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "rosetta",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "rosetta Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1224,
"slug": "rosetta",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/rosetta"
},
"science_38": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_38",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "38",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Geology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Geology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 40,
"slug": "geology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/geology"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
