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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editors Note: This post has been edited to reflect the correct order of how long it takes for the new coronavirus to degrade on different types of surfaces, and to add details about cleaning solutions.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus, California has ordered all residents to stay at home except to complete essential tasks like receiving medical care or obtaining groceries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, even inside, there is still potential for transmission. KQED’s Brian Watt spoke on Thursday with \u003cstrong>Sharon Begley, senior science writer with \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">\u003cstrong>STAT\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, \u003c/strong>a health and medical science news website, about the ways people can prevent becoming infected. 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"content": "\u003cp>A UCSF medical doctor is tweeting daily updates detailing life inside the university hospital system during this coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Wachter, chair of the school’s Department of Medicine, is posting updates using his personal \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Bob_Wachter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">twitter handle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has mandated that most people stay at home in an effort to slow the spread of the coronavirus, and to protect hospitals from being overwhelmed by an influx of patients who are all sick at once. What happens inside major systems like UCSF’s in the coming weeks could determine how long Californians will need to shelter in place. Wachter’s tweets provide an inside look at the frontlines of the fight against the coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody with cough/flu symptoms feels like they have COVID,” he writes. “Yet our positive test rate (we’re testing only patients with symptoms) is just 3-5% – meaning most (patients) don’t have it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another tweet, he writes, “PPE (personal protective equipment) dire, limiting MDs seeing pts (patients) to one (& subbing inpt televisits), no pt visitors, reusing PPE if safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter also writes the hospital is doing about 80 tests per day and is hoping to increase that number to 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s Wachter’s thread from Thursday, March 19, below. You can also \u003ca href=\"https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1240860128150085632.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">read it on Thread Reader\u003c/a>. You can \u003ca href=\"https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/124037756583\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">read his Day One thread here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Bob_Wachter/status/1240860128150085632?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Bob_Wachter/status/1240860132193361921?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Bob_Wachter/status/1240860133044793346\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Bob_Wachter/status/1240860135909539840?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Bob_Wachter/status/1240860137826308096?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco is expanding its staff and beefing up efforts to slow the spread of the new coronavirus, Mayor London Breed announced during a Thursday press conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City leaders expect a surge in COVID-19-related hospitalizations in the coming weeks. Health officials urged residents to forgo visits to urgent care and hospital emergency rooms, except for “life threatening emergencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In preparation for the spike, San Francisco has hired 70 nurses and is hosting a job fair this weekend to hire more “on the spot,” said\u003cspan class=\"s3\"> Grant Colfax\u003c/span>, San Francisco’s health department director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that the virus is here in our community and yet we still must fight aggressively to interrupt it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Breed also pushed back on President Donald Trump’s repeated references to the new coronavirus as “the Chinese virus.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The president continues to stand by his messaging around his labeling of the coronavirus and we want to make it clear that that is not something that is acceptable or tolerated here in San Francisco,” the mayor said. “The longer we perpetuate this divisiveness, this racism, the words that continue to allow for the focus to be on that particular issue, the less we are able to deal with this together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In apparent defiance of critics, Trump opened his Thursday task force briefing, declaring that, “We continue our relentless efforts to defeat the Chinese virus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">“\u003cspan class=\"s2\">I really thought that we were already past the xenophobia that has existed since the beginning of learning about the coronavirus and its origin,” Breed continued. “It is very unfortunate that this continues to be an issue and it is offensive — not only to our Chinese community here in San Francisco; it’s offensive to our city as a whole, where we pride ourselves on our diversity.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is moving its Emergency Operations Center from the location on Turk Street to the city’s downtown convention complex, Moscone Center. Breed said the move will help San Francisco meet “a significant challenge to our city.”\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convention center has more space and will allow staff to remain six feet apart from one other, per the city’s orders to practice “social distancing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">San Francisco now has 70 confirmed cases of COVID-19, according to Breed. The mayor reiterated that San Franciscans must follow the city’s mandate to stay home except for essential outings and exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We want people to shelter in place and stay at home,” she said. “In every single instance. We are only on Day 3 and this is an evolving situation.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Here's How Long the Durable Coronavirus Survives on Different Surfaces",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//content.jwplatform.com/players/ySLz2WhF-jEuQjxp9.html\" scrolling=\"auto\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viruses didn’t become ubiquitous by being wimps: From the rhinoviruses that cause the common cold to the new coronavirus that has spread across the world, they are able to survive on surfaces far away from the living cells that they need in order to reproduce.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote align='right']\u003cem>On plastic, after eight hours only 10% of what researchers deposited was still there, according to a study published on Tuesday in the New England Journal of Medicine. But the virus didn’t become undetectable until after 72 hours. On stainless steel, the numbers began plummeting after just four hours, becoming undetectable by about 48 hours. On copper and cardboard, virus was undetectable by eight hours and 48 hours, respectively.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> The fewer the virus particles on a surface, the lower the chances that someone touching it will become infected. But because the virus that causes COVID-19 is, like other microbes, so durable, throughly washing hands after touching surfaces that anyone else might have touched — or not touching them in the first place — is the first line of defense against infection.\u003c/em>[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How long they can lurk before a living organism comes along to infect depends on the kind of surface and the properties of the virus: The COVID-19 virus, according to a new study, sticks around on plastic surfaces for up to three days, but for a shorter period on metals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhinoviruses can survive on human skin for hours, which is why shaking hands with someone who has a cold is a good way to catch it. Influenza viruses remain infectious for up to 48 hours after landing on nonporous surfaces such as stainless steel or plastic such as that in computer keyboards, but that seems like the outer limit: A 2011 study found that the H1N1 flu virus that caused the 2009 pandemic could be recovered from glass, stainless steel, plastic, and aluminum for up to 48 hours, but most was gone after nine hours. Both cold and flu viruses survive for much shorter times on porous surfaces such as cloth, paper, or tissue, with very little infectious virus remaining after four hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viruses covered in “envelopes” have the most trouble surviving outside a living cell. On surfaces, the surrounding light, heat, and dryness break down the envelope, killing the virus. (Porous surfaces pull moisture away from viruses that land on them, accelerating the destruction of the envelope.) Most rhinoviruses have such envelopes; so do some influenza viruses. Norovirus doesn’t, enabling it to last longer in the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the new coronavirus. Its survival on surfaces is similar to that of the SARS virus, to which it’s related. On plastic, after eight hours only 10% of what researchers deposited was still there, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc2004973?query=featured_home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> published on Tuesday in the New England Journal of Medicine. But the virus didn’t become undetectable until after 72 hours. On stainless steel, the numbers began plummeting after just four hours, becoming undetectable by about 48 hours. On copper and cardboard, virus was undetectable by eight hours and 48 hours, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fewer the virus particles on a surface, the lower the chances that someone touching it will become infected. But because the virus that causes COVID-19 is, like other microbes, so durable, throughly washing hands after touching surfaces that anyone else might have touched — or not touching them in the first place — is the first line of defense against infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/19/coronavirus-survives-on-surfaces-how-to-protect-yourself/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Coronavirus Isolates Californians in Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care Facilities",
"headTitle": "Coronavirus Isolates Californians in Nursing Homes, Long-Term Care Facilities | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#callout\">Click here if you know someone in a nursing home or assisted facility…share your story!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Family members and friends aren’t the only visitors banned at long-term care facilities in California: The threat of coronavirus to older and medically fragile patients is so severe that state regulators and patient advocates have now ended visits to them as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-term care ombudsman, a publicly funded advocate for patients in each county, is no longer visiting facilities in person under a directive from the state Department of Aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just going to make things more difficult,” said Joseph Rodrigues, the state long-term care ombudsman. He oversees 35 local offices employing more than 1,000 certified watchdogs. “We’re going to become more reliant on others to get our jobs done and to make sure that residents are safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Social Isolation a Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guidance from the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services now prohibits most visits to skilled nursing facilities except in “compassionate care” circumstances, including when patients are nearing the end of life. Facilities are taking all kinds of additional precautions against coronavirus transmission, including deeper cleaning protocols and caring for patients with symptoms separately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodrigues agrees that locking down long-term care facilities makes sense, but says he’s concerned about increased social isolation for patients there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I encourage families and friends of residents to make contact with residents, call, use FaceTime, use Skype,” he said. “Let these people know that they’re loved and that they’re cared for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With group activities and communal dining deemed too risky, long-term care facilities are working to minimize social isolation in a number of ways, says Deborah Pacyna, who directs public affairs for the California Association of Healthcare Facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really people are turning to technology,” Pacyna says, adding that some facilities have organized efforts to get schoolkids to make greeting cards for people in nursing homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommends that members of the public who wish to support long-term care patients in greater isolation should call facilities directly, donate or loan iPads or old iPhones to enable FaceTime, or send greeting cards and flowers to the main desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Consequences for Patients?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An aggressive response against coronavirus protects patients against a fast-moving risk, but other safety concerns for residents remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health, which regulates skilled nursing facilities, and the Department of Social Services, which oversees assisted living facilities, have put in-person inspections on hold. A spokesman for CDPH says that investigations of complaints and facility-reported incidents continue, “but surveyors have been advised to do so through virtual, audio, or electronic methods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s regulators are taking a slightly more cautious route than federal rules require. Federal rules still include an exception permitting surveyors to enter nursing homes as long as their risk of transmitting coronavirus is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients’ rights advocates say regulatory inspections are a necessary tool for protecting patients in long-term care facilities, so ending those surveys is a loss. Nearly 82% of California nursing homes have failed infection control standards in the last two years, according to a Kaiser Health News analysis. (The California Association of Healthcare Facilities argues that statistic is misleading, since most of the deficiency notices given to nursing homes are not “immediate jeopardy” cases.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to think that we can walk in the door anytime,” says Nicole Howell, the executive director of ombudsman services for Alameda, Contra Costa and Solano counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term care ombudsmen perform a wide range of services for patients in California, from investigating abuse complaints to handling medical and legal problems to visiting patients without close family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are by their bedside or standing with them in their room,” says Benson Nadell, the long-term care ombudsman for San Francisco. Nadell says some patients are nonverbal but still communicative, and they need visual cues; others have memory loss and disorientation, and respond more positively to in-person visits. “We have to somehow reassure them over the phone, and hope that this restriction on visiting is not into May and June,” Nadell says. “That would be really awful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Pollock, a program manager with California Advocates for Nursing Home Reform, says the coronavirus response is highlighting existing hazards for patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollock says her group has heard from family members who regularly visit facilities to fill the gaps in care for loved ones. One woman says she and her family were round-the-clock visitors after finding her mother choking on secretions around a tracheostomy tube. She says she is worried now that she cannot be there to watch over her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With these new orders, who is looking out for the residents?” Pollock says. “Why is there not a better plan to keep them safe?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"callout\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Help KQED Science report on the pandemic!\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/5489.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#callout\">Click here if you know someone in a nursing home or assisted facility…share your story!\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Family members and friends aren’t the only visitors banned at long-term care facilities in California: The threat of coronavirus to older and medically fragile patients is so severe that state regulators and patient advocates have now ended visits to them as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-term care ombudsman, a publicly funded advocate for patients in each county, is no longer visiting facilities in person under a directive from the state Department of Aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just going to make things more difficult,” said Joseph Rodrigues, the state long-term care ombudsman. He oversees 35 local offices employing more than 1,000 certified watchdogs. “We’re going to become more reliant on others to get our jobs done and to make sure that residents are safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Social Isolation a Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guidance from the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services now prohibits most visits to skilled nursing facilities except in “compassionate care” circumstances, including when patients are nearing the end of life. Facilities are taking all kinds of additional precautions against coronavirus transmission, including deeper cleaning protocols and caring for patients with symptoms separately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodrigues agrees that locking down long-term care facilities makes sense, but says he’s concerned about increased social isolation for patients there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I encourage families and friends of residents to make contact with residents, call, use FaceTime, use Skype,” he said. “Let these people know that they’re loved and that they’re cared for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With group activities and communal dining deemed too risky, long-term care facilities are working to minimize social isolation in a number of ways, says Deborah Pacyna, who directs public affairs for the California Association of Healthcare Facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really people are turning to technology,” Pacyna says, adding that some facilities have organized efforts to get schoolkids to make greeting cards for people in nursing homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommends that members of the public who wish to support long-term care patients in greater isolation should call facilities directly, donate or loan iPads or old iPhones to enable FaceTime, or send greeting cards and flowers to the main desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Consequences for Patients?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An aggressive response against coronavirus protects patients against a fast-moving risk, but other safety concerns for residents remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health, which regulates skilled nursing facilities, and the Department of Social Services, which oversees assisted living facilities, have put in-person inspections on hold. A spokesman for CDPH says that investigations of complaints and facility-reported incidents continue, “but surveyors have been advised to do so through virtual, audio, or electronic methods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s regulators are taking a slightly more cautious route than federal rules require. Federal rules still include an exception permitting surveyors to enter nursing homes as long as their risk of transmitting coronavirus is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients’ rights advocates say regulatory inspections are a necessary tool for protecting patients in long-term care facilities, so ending those surveys is a loss. Nearly 82% of California nursing homes have failed infection control standards in the last two years, according to a Kaiser Health News analysis. (The California Association of Healthcare Facilities argues that statistic is misleading, since most of the deficiency notices given to nursing homes are not “immediate jeopardy” cases.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to think that we can walk in the door anytime,” says Nicole Howell, the executive director of ombudsman services for Alameda, Contra Costa and Solano counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term care ombudsmen perform a wide range of services for patients in California, from investigating abuse complaints to handling medical and legal problems to visiting patients without close family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are by their bedside or standing with them in their room,” says Benson Nadell, the long-term care ombudsman for San Francisco. Nadell says some patients are nonverbal but still communicative, and they need visual cues; others have memory loss and disorientation, and respond more positively to in-person visits. “We have to somehow reassure them over the phone, and hope that this restriction on visiting is not into May and June,” Nadell says. “That would be really awful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Pollock, a program manager with California Advocates for Nursing Home Reform, says the coronavirus response is highlighting existing hazards for patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollock says her group has heard from family members who regularly visit facilities to fill the gaps in care for loved ones. One woman says she and her family were round-the-clock visitors after finding her mother choking on secretions around a tracheostomy tube. She says she is worried now that she cannot be there to watch over her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With these new orders, who is looking out for the residents?” Pollock says. “Why is there not a better plan to keep them safe?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"callout\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Help KQED Science report on the pandemic!\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Coronavirus Symptoms: Defining Mild, Moderate And Severe",
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"content": "\u003cp>Mild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moderate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Severe or extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are some of the adjectives being used to describe the symptoms displayed by patients with COVID-19. Vice President Pence used them in his remarks to the nation this week:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some — some large percentage have mild flu symptoms; some have serious flu symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is not a standard definition of what symptoms are associated with these designations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can take years for such guidelines to be issued for a newly identified disease, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/sph/profile/sandro-galea/\">Dr. Sandro Galea\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist and dean of the Boston University School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, there are some preliminary definitions that can be helpful in understanding the range of symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mild\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 80% of known cases, COVID-19 causes mild to moderate illness, \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf\">according to a report of a joint World Health Organization-China mission\u003c/a> of 25 infectious disease experts held in China late last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference on March 9, \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/ihr/procedures/emerg_comm_members_biographies_2013/en/\">Maria Van Kerkhove\u003c/a>, technical lead of the WHO Health Emergencies Program, had this to say about the symptoms for a so-called “mild” case: “This mild infection starts normally with a fever, although it may take a couple of days to get a fever. You will have some respiratory symptoms; you have some aches and pains. You’ll have a dry cough. This is what the majority of individuals will have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is “nothing that will make you feel like you need to run to a hospital,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-people/adalja/\">Dr. Amesh Adalja\u003c/a>, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mild case of COVID-19 in and of itself is not dangerous. But in some cases — more commonly in older people and in people with underlying health issues — a mild case can progress to a moderate case that could require some supportive care such as fluids for dehydration, typically in an emergency room or urgent care center, especially if hospitals are overwhelmed by the most acute cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Moderate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms of being moderately ill with COVID-19 include coughing, fever above 100.4, chills and a feeling that you don’t want to or can’t get out of bed, says Adalja.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some patients also experience shortness of breath, although that can occur in various ways. “Shortness of breath is a wide spectrum and whether we consider treatment will be based on how short of breath they are, their age and other health conditions,” says Galea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it shortness of breath after climbing a flight of stairs or when there’s no activity — for example, when you’re just sitting in a chair?” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.einstein.yu.edu/departments/medicine/divisions/infectious-diseases/faculty/theresa-madaline.aspx\">Dr. Theresa Madaline\u003c/a>, hospital epidemiologist at the Montefiore Health System in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In either case, there’s cause for concern with a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 case. “Shortness of breath [with this virus] is a symptom to always check with a health care provider. Period,” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationaljewish.org/doctors-departments/providers/physicians/kenneth-e-lyn-kew\">Kenneth E. Lyn-Kew\u003c/a>, a pulmonologist in the Section of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine at National Jewish Health in Denver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because shortness of breath can be caused by low oxygen levels in the blood. Blood carries oxygen to organs and tissues, and low levels can lead to organ shutdown or even death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For patients with moderate symptoms, hospitalization is unlikely unless they are having difficulty drawing a breath or are dehydrated. Signs of dehydration can include increased thirst, dry mouth, decreased urine output, yellow urine, dry skin, a headache and dizziness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s another possible development within the “mild to moderate” classification. “Some of those individuals will go on to develop a mild form of pneumonia,” Van Kerkhove says. While pneumonia can often resolve on its own, especially in younger people, in older people and in those with underlying health conditions, pneumonia can be life-threatening or require hospitalization, especially if their immune system is weak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these instances, without supplemental oxygen or, if needed, a respirator to aid breathing, a patient’s organs can shut down and the patient can die, says Galea. People with pneumonia can also get secondary bacterial infections, which can be life-threatening and require treatment with intravenous antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A case that is “mild to moderate” will \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/joint-mission-press-conference-script-english-final.pdf?sfvrsn=51c90b9e_2\">last about two weeks\u003c/a> from the first signs of symptoms to recovery, WHO says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Serious, severe, extreme\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report of the WHO-China joint mission, in about 1 in 5 patients, the infection gets worse. About 14% of cases can develop into severe disease, where patients may need supplemental oxygen. And 6% of cases become critical and may experience septic shock — a significant drop in blood pressure that can lead to stroke, heart or respiratory failure, failure of other organs or death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theresa Madaline says that in some patients, symptoms can progress to severe in a few hours — or over several days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A different problem can occur if disease progresses. The virus can enter lung cells and start replicating, killing the cells. The immune system may take action to fight the virus, creating inflammation, destroying lung tissue and sometimes resulting in a more severe form of pneumonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/14/805289669/how-covid-19-kills-the-new-coronavirus-disease-can-take-a-deadly-turn\">This [immune system] response\u003c/a> can impair your ability to get oxygen into your blood. Without enough oxygen, inflammation can become more severe and result in organ failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What to tell your doctor about symptoms\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep in mind that mild, moderate and severe are the inelegant terms we have right now,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.tuftsmedicalcenter.org/physiciandirectory/shira-doron?dpt=c1b92da7-2a63-4c04-975b-96f89d8410af\">Dr. Shira Doron\u003c/a>, hospital epidemiologist at Tufts Medical Center in Boston. “Use symptoms rather than adjectives when you speak to a health care provider” and then they can determine whether you need to consider treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Coronavirus+Symptoms%3A+Defining+Mild%2C+Moderate+And+Severe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some — some large percentage have mild flu symptoms; some have serious flu symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is not a standard definition of what symptoms are associated with these designations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can take years for such guidelines to be issued for a newly identified disease, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/sph/profile/sandro-galea/\">Dr. Sandro Galea\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist and dean of the Boston University School of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, there are some preliminary definitions that can be helpful in understanding the range of symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mild\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 80% of known cases, COVID-19 causes mild to moderate illness, \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf\">according to a report of a joint World Health Organization-China mission\u003c/a> of 25 infectious disease experts held in China late last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a press conference on March 9, \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/ihr/procedures/emerg_comm_members_biographies_2013/en/\">Maria Van Kerkhove\u003c/a>, technical lead of the WHO Health Emergencies Program, had this to say about the symptoms for a so-called “mild” case: “This mild infection starts normally with a fever, although it may take a couple of days to get a fever. You will have some respiratory symptoms; you have some aches and pains. You’ll have a dry cough. This is what the majority of individuals will have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is “nothing that will make you feel like you need to run to a hospital,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.centerforhealthsecurity.org/our-people/adalja/\">Dr. Amesh Adalja\u003c/a>, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mild case of COVID-19 in and of itself is not dangerous. But in some cases — more commonly in older people and in people with underlying health issues — a mild case can progress to a moderate case that could require some supportive care such as fluids for dehydration, typically in an emergency room or urgent care center, especially if hospitals are overwhelmed by the most acute cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Moderate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms of being moderately ill with COVID-19 include coughing, fever above 100.4, chills and a feeling that you don’t want to or can’t get out of bed, says Adalja.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some patients also experience shortness of breath, although that can occur in various ways. “Shortness of breath is a wide spectrum and whether we consider treatment will be based on how short of breath they are, their age and other health conditions,” says Galea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it shortness of breath after climbing a flight of stairs or when there’s no activity — for example, when you’re just sitting in a chair?” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.einstein.yu.edu/departments/medicine/divisions/infectious-diseases/faculty/theresa-madaline.aspx\">Dr. Theresa Madaline\u003c/a>, hospital epidemiologist at the Montefiore Health System in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In either case, there’s cause for concern with a confirmed or suspected COVID-19 case. “Shortness of breath [with this virus] is a symptom to always check with a health care provider. Period,” says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationaljewish.org/doctors-departments/providers/physicians/kenneth-e-lyn-kew\">Kenneth E. Lyn-Kew\u003c/a>, a pulmonologist in the Section of Critical Care Medicine and Department of Medicine at National Jewish Health in Denver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because shortness of breath can be caused by low oxygen levels in the blood. Blood carries oxygen to organs and tissues, and low levels can lead to organ shutdown or even death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For patients with moderate symptoms, hospitalization is unlikely unless they are having difficulty drawing a breath or are dehydrated. Signs of dehydration can include increased thirst, dry mouth, decreased urine output, yellow urine, dry skin, a headache and dizziness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s another possible development within the “mild to moderate” classification. “Some of those individuals will go on to develop a mild form of pneumonia,” Van Kerkhove says. While pneumonia can often resolve on its own, especially in younger people, in older people and in those with underlying health conditions, pneumonia can be life-threatening or require hospitalization, especially if their immune system is weak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these instances, without supplemental oxygen or, if needed, a respirator to aid breathing, a patient’s organs can shut down and the patient can die, says Galea. People with pneumonia can also get secondary bacterial infections, which can be life-threatening and require treatment with intravenous antibiotics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A case that is “mild to moderate” will \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/transcripts/joint-mission-press-conference-script-english-final.pdf?sfvrsn=51c90b9e_2\">last about two weeks\u003c/a> from the first signs of symptoms to recovery, WHO says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Serious, severe, extreme\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report of the WHO-China joint mission, in about 1 in 5 patients, the infection gets worse. About 14% of cases can develop into severe disease, where patients may need supplemental oxygen. And 6% of cases become critical and may experience septic shock — a significant drop in blood pressure that can lead to stroke, heart or respiratory failure, failure of other organs or death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theresa Madaline says that in some patients, symptoms can progress to severe in a few hours — or over several days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A different problem can occur if disease progresses. The virus can enter lung cells and start replicating, killing the cells. The immune system may take action to fight the virus, creating inflammation, destroying lung tissue and sometimes resulting in a more severe form of pneumonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/02/14/805289669/how-covid-19-kills-the-new-coronavirus-disease-can-take-a-deadly-turn\">This [immune system] response\u003c/a> can impair your ability to get oxygen into your blood. Without enough oxygen, inflammation can become more severe and result in organ failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What to tell your doctor about symptoms\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keep in mind that mild, moderate and severe are the inelegant terms we have right now,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.tuftsmedicalcenter.org/physiciandirectory/shira-doron?dpt=c1b92da7-2a63-4c04-975b-96f89d8410af\">Dr. Shira Doron\u003c/a>, hospital epidemiologist at Tufts Medical Center in Boston. “Use symptoms rather than adjectives when you speak to a health care provider” and then they can determine whether you need to consider treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Coronavirus+Symptoms%3A+Defining+Mild%2C+Moderate+And+Severe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the COVID-19 virus continues to spread around the Bay Area and the world, the National Institutes of Health says a vaccine for the public is at least a year away. Still, researchers around the world are already working on it, and some clinical trials have begun. To learn about the latest efforts, KQED’s Brian Watt visited the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, a nonprofit research center in San Francisco. He spoke with Senior Researcher \u003cstrong>Dr. Melanie Ott. \u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ott’s answers have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What is a virus and how does it infect our cells and spread around the body?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A virus, to a virologist, is a fascinating little creature. It is basically a minuscule ball of proteins that contains in its shell a nucleic acid, which is the genome or the code for the virus to replicate. By itself, the virus is not able to propagate or to replicate or to multiply, and it needs to get into a host cell. Once it’s in the cell it can then hijack a lot of the proteins in our body and in our own cells to replicate itself. This is basically the only purpose of a virus. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>On the other side of the equation, what is a vaccine?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the virus comes into our cells, the cells are not going to be powerless, the cells are going to be highly alarmed, and our whole immune system is basically geared toward defending us against invading viruses or other pathogens. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So when the virus comes in, an immune reaction is being generated — T cells and B cells — and they produce things like antibodies that will recognize the virus, neutralize it, and get it out of the system. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What the vaccine does is activate this reaction of our body ahead of a virus coming in. We mimic what the natural virus would do, but instead of having to go through a whole infection and becoming sick, we do this with a nondangerous and easy means ahead of time. So our immune system is already prepared when the virus comes in, to immediately kick in and to eliminate that virus before we get sick.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why will it take so long to develop a vaccine for the novel coronavirus?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Making vaccines is a long process because we want to make sure that the vaccine is safe and effective. So usually when we talk about vaccines, this is a yearslong process. Now, when we’re talking about the new coronavirus vaccine, this is already on an accelerated pace. When we talk about a year or a year-and-a-half, that is unprecedented. It’s really already a very fast pace for a vaccine. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This can be very complicated, from a virus that is inactivated, or it can be very simple, by just taking the genetic code of a singular protein of the virus and putting it into the body, and the body does all the work that we would otherwise do outside to generate these specific antigens we’re using. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I think there’s a lot of urgency, goodwill and collaboration currently ongoing from people in the lab, researchers and these agencies to make sure that we’re doing the right thing, the safe thing, but also, responding efficiently to this crisis.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Are there parts of the process that could be worked around a little bit faster? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I think there’s two sides. I think one side is the vaccine, which is, I think, the best way to respond, and also to induce global immunity against the virus. There are a lot of questions still unanswered that we will find out. Is there a lifelong immunity with the vaccine or with the infection? The point is that this is something that even if we have a vaccine, and we give it to the population, it will still take a while until the immunity is being generated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb> What could we do to prevent this type of outbreak in the future?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For us, the key thing in research is that we gear it currently against this coronavirus, but also against future coronaviruses, so that we have a platform that we can use and easily adapt to a virus that might evolve in the future. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We just have to get used to the fact that because we are now connected in the world, as much as we are, we have to be extra alert that this is also how you can spread infectious pathogens very easily. So I think there’s really a unique time for Bay Area research and the U.S. research to come together and to work together at an unprecedented speed and collaborative spirit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As the COVID-19 virus continues to spread around the Bay Area and the world, the National Institutes of Health says a vaccine for the public is at least a year away. Still, researchers around the world are already working on it, and some clinical trials have begun. To learn about the latest efforts, KQED’s Brian Watt visited the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, a nonprofit research center in San Francisco. He spoke with Senior Researcher \u003cstrong>Dr. Melanie Ott. \u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ott’s answers have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What is a virus and how does it infect our cells and spread around the body?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A virus, to a virologist, is a fascinating little creature. It is basically a minuscule ball of proteins that contains in its shell a nucleic acid, which is the genome or the code for the virus to replicate. By itself, the virus is not able to propagate or to replicate or to multiply, and it needs to get into a host cell. Once it’s in the cell it can then hijack a lot of the proteins in our body and in our own cells to replicate itself. This is basically the only purpose of a virus. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>On the other side of the equation, what is a vaccine?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If the virus comes into our cells, the cells are not going to be powerless, the cells are going to be highly alarmed, and our whole immune system is basically geared toward defending us against invading viruses or other pathogens. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So when the virus comes in, an immune reaction is being generated — T cells and B cells — and they produce things like antibodies that will recognize the virus, neutralize it, and get it out of the system. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What the vaccine does is activate this reaction of our body ahead of a virus coming in. We mimic what the natural virus would do, but instead of having to go through a whole infection and becoming sick, we do this with a nondangerous and easy means ahead of time. So our immune system is already prepared when the virus comes in, to immediately kick in and to eliminate that virus before we get sick.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Why will it take so long to develop a vaccine for the novel coronavirus?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Making vaccines is a long process because we want to make sure that the vaccine is safe and effective. So usually when we talk about vaccines, this is a yearslong process. Now, when we’re talking about the new coronavirus vaccine, this is already on an accelerated pace. When we talk about a year or a year-and-a-half, that is unprecedented. It’s really already a very fast pace for a vaccine. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This can be very complicated, from a virus that is inactivated, or it can be very simple, by just taking the genetic code of a singular protein of the virus and putting it into the body, and the body does all the work that we would otherwise do outside to generate these specific antigens we’re using. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I think there’s a lot of urgency, goodwill and collaboration currently ongoing from people in the lab, researchers and these agencies to make sure that we’re doing the right thing, the safe thing, but also, responding efficiently to this crisis.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Are there parts of the process that could be worked around a little bit faster? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I think there’s two sides. I think one side is the vaccine, which is, I think, the best way to respond, and also to induce global immunity against the virus. There are a lot of questions still unanswered that we will find out. Is there a lifelong immunity with the vaccine or with the infection? The point is that this is something that even if we have a vaccine, and we give it to the population, it will still take a while until the immunity is being generated.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb> What could we do to prevent this type of outbreak in the future?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For us, the key thing in research is that we gear it currently against this coronavirus, but also against future coronaviruses, so that we have a platform that we can use and easily adapt to a virus that might evolve in the future. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We just have to get used to the fact that because we are now connected in the world, as much as we are, we have to be extra alert that this is also how you can spread infectious pathogens very easily. So I think there’s really a unique time for Bay Area research and the U.S. research to come together and to work together at an unprecedented speed and collaborative spirit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Here Are the Public Health Orders and Recommendations for Each Bay Area County",
"headTitle": "Here Are the Public Health Orders and Recommendations for Each Bay Area County | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>UPDATE: Wednesday, March 18, 2020\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight Bay Area counties and the city of Berkeley have issued a shelter-in-place order restricting people to stay mostly indoors, except if they need to go out for essential activities. The counties are: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Sonoma counties. Only \u003ca href=\"http://www.solanocounty.com/depts/ph/ncov.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Solano County\u003c/a> has yet to issue the order. Berkeley’s health department has its own jurisdiction so also followed suit. Read the full order from San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/alerts/files/HealthOrderC19-07-%20Shelter-in-Place.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>; the health orders from the other counties are essentially the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://acphd.org/media/559658/health-officer-order-shelter-in-place-20200316.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alameda County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/coronavirus/pdf/HO-COVID19-SIP-0316-2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Contra Costa County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://coronavirus.marinhhs.org/sites/default/files/Files/Shelter%20in%20Place/Shelter%20in%20Place%20Order%2016%20March%202020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marin County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/DocumentCenter/View/16687/3-18-2020-Shelter-at-Home-Order\">Napa County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/alerts/files/HealthOrderC19-07-%20Shelter-in-Place.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/sites/smcgov.org/files/HO%20Order%20Shelter%20in%20Place%2020200316.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/phd/DiseaseInformation/novel-coronavirus/Pages/order-health-officer-031620.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Santa Clara County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://socoemergency.org/order-of-the-health-officer-shelter-in-place/\">Sonoma\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofberkeley.info/uploadedFiles/Health_Human_Services/Level_3_-_Public_Health/city-of-berkeley-health-officer-order-to-shelter-in-place.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">City of Berkeley\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The order goes into effect Tuesday, March 17, at midnight and will remain in place for three weeks through April 7, 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All residents are directed to stay home except for activities like getting services or supplies. People can also walk, take pets outside, and hike or run outdoors, provided they maintain at least six feet of distance from each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All businesses other than those deemed essential must close. Take-out and delivery of food and coffee are permitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor London Breed spoke at a press conference Monday afternoon, telling the city: “The time now is not to panic; it’s for us to come together. It’s for us to follow the directives, to prevent the spread of the coronavirus so that we can get through this very challenging time. Ultimately we will.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the goal is to limit groups congregating together in a way that could further spread the virus, it is not complete social shutdown,” said Dr. Matt Willis, Marin County’s public health officer in a statement Monday. “You can still complete your most essential outings or even engage in outdoor activity, so long as you avoid close contact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said Monday there is no need for people to buy food and other supplies in a panic, and that grocery stores would remain open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s order also restricts travel to that which is essential. Travel from outside the area back to a place of residence is permitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violating the order will be a misdemeanor, said San Francisco Police Chief William Scott, but he stressed that this would be a last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local health officials said Monday that a regional response is now needed to slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were seeing a tipping point here in Santa Clara County, with exponential growth of our cases,” said Dr. Sara Cody, Santa Clara’s public health officer. “Over the weekend, I had a discussion with fellow health officers in the Bay Area ,and we were looking at trends and realized very quickly that we are one region and that what’s happening in Santa Clara County today, where we’re the epicenter, will soon be happening in the adjacent jurisdictions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decided collectively that we needed to take swift action as soon as possible to prevent the further spread and to protect our critical healthcare infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essential activities for which you can leave you house, as defined by San Francisco’s order:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-Obtaining medicine, seeing a doctor or other tasks essential for health and safety.\u003cbr>\n-Getting necessary services or supplies for your family or for household members, including those necessary to remain at home, including procuring pet food.\u003cbr>\n-Engaging in outdoor activity, such as walking, hiking or running if you stay at least six feet away from other people.\u003cbr>\n-Taking pets outside is okay, as long as the six foot rule is observed, if walking with other people.\u003cbr>\n-Performing work providing essential services.\u003cbr>\n-Caring for a family member in another household.\u003cbr>\n-Caring for elderly, minors, dependents, people who are disabled or are otherwise vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essential businesses that can remain open:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-Health care operations (including home health workers), pharmacies, health care supply stores and facilities\u003cbr>\n-Essential infrastructure, including construction and public transportation and utilities\u003cbr>\n-Grocery stores, farmers markets, convenience stores, food banks\u003cbr>\n-Food cultivation, including farming, livestock and fishing\u003cbr>\n-Businesses that provide necessities for the economically disadvantaged and for shelters\u003cbr>\n-Newspapers, television, radio and other media services\u003cbr>\n-Gas stations and auto repair\u003cbr>\n-Banks\u003cbr>\n-Garbage collection\u003cbr>\n-Businesses providing mail and shipping services\u003cbr>\n-Hardware stores, plumbers, electricians and other essential service providers\u003cbr>\n-Educational institutions for purposes of distance learning\u003cbr>\n-Laundromats, dry cleaners, and laundry service providers\u003cbr>\n-Shippers or delivers of groceries, food and good related to residencies\u003cbr>\n-Childcare facilities\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full list of essential activities, businesses and travel in the order \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/alerts/files/HealthOrderC19-07-%20Shelter-in-Place.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Six counties have now issued shelter-in-place orders through April 7.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>UPDATE: Wednesday, March 18, 2020\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight Bay Area counties and the city of Berkeley have issued a shelter-in-place order restricting people to stay mostly indoors, except if they need to go out for essential activities. The counties are: Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Sonoma counties. Only \u003ca href=\"http://www.solanocounty.com/depts/ph/ncov.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Solano County\u003c/a> has yet to issue the order. Berkeley’s health department has its own jurisdiction so also followed suit. Read the full order from San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/alerts/files/HealthOrderC19-07-%20Shelter-in-Place.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>; the health orders from the other counties are essentially the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://acphd.org/media/559658/health-officer-order-shelter-in-place-20200316.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alameda County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/coronavirus/pdf/HO-COVID19-SIP-0316-2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Contra Costa County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://coronavirus.marinhhs.org/sites/default/files/Files/Shelter%20in%20Place/Shelter%20in%20Place%20Order%2016%20March%202020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marin County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/DocumentCenter/View/16687/3-18-2020-Shelter-at-Home-Order\">Napa County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/alerts/files/HealthOrderC19-07-%20Shelter-in-Place.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/sites/smcgov.org/files/HO%20Order%20Shelter%20in%20Place%2020200316.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Mateo County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/phd/DiseaseInformation/novel-coronavirus/Pages/order-health-officer-031620.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Santa Clara County\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://socoemergency.org/order-of-the-health-officer-shelter-in-place/\">Sonoma\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofberkeley.info/uploadedFiles/Health_Human_Services/Level_3_-_Public_Health/city-of-berkeley-health-officer-order-to-shelter-in-place.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">City of Berkeley\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The order goes into effect Tuesday, March 17, at midnight and will remain in place for three weeks through April 7, 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All residents are directed to stay home except for activities like getting services or supplies. People can also walk, take pets outside, and hike or run outdoors, provided they maintain at least six feet of distance from each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All businesses other than those deemed essential must close. Take-out and delivery of food and coffee are permitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor London Breed spoke at a press conference Monday afternoon, telling the city: “The time now is not to panic; it’s for us to come together. It’s for us to follow the directives, to prevent the spread of the coronavirus so that we can get through this very challenging time. Ultimately we will.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the goal is to limit groups congregating together in a way that could further spread the virus, it is not complete social shutdown,” said Dr. Matt Willis, Marin County’s public health officer in a statement Monday. “You can still complete your most essential outings or even engage in outdoor activity, so long as you avoid close contact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said Monday there is no need for people to buy food and other supplies in a panic, and that grocery stores would remain open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s order also restricts travel to that which is essential. Travel from outside the area back to a place of residence is permitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Violating the order will be a misdemeanor, said San Francisco Police Chief William Scott, but he stressed that this would be a last resort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local health officials said Monday that a regional response is now needed to slow the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were seeing a tipping point here in Santa Clara County, with exponential growth of our cases,” said Dr. Sara Cody, Santa Clara’s public health officer. “Over the weekend, I had a discussion with fellow health officers in the Bay Area ,and we were looking at trends and realized very quickly that we are one region and that what’s happening in Santa Clara County today, where we’re the epicenter, will soon be happening in the adjacent jurisdictions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decided collectively that we needed to take swift action as soon as possible to prevent the further spread and to protect our critical healthcare infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essential activities for which you can leave you house, as defined by San Francisco’s order:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-Obtaining medicine, seeing a doctor or other tasks essential for health and safety.\u003cbr>\n-Getting necessary services or supplies for your family or for household members, including those necessary to remain at home, including procuring pet food.\u003cbr>\n-Engaging in outdoor activity, such as walking, hiking or running if you stay at least six feet away from other people.\u003cbr>\n-Taking pets outside is okay, as long as the six foot rule is observed, if walking with other people.\u003cbr>\n-Performing work providing essential services.\u003cbr>\n-Caring for a family member in another household.\u003cbr>\n-Caring for elderly, minors, dependents, people who are disabled or are otherwise vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essential businesses that can remain open:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-Health care operations (including home health workers), pharmacies, health care supply stores and facilities\u003cbr>\n-Essential infrastructure, including construction and public transportation and utilities\u003cbr>\n-Grocery stores, farmers markets, convenience stores, food banks\u003cbr>\n-Food cultivation, including farming, livestock and fishing\u003cbr>\n-Businesses that provide necessities for the economically disadvantaged and for shelters\u003cbr>\n-Newspapers, television, radio and other media services\u003cbr>\n-Gas stations and auto repair\u003cbr>\n-Banks\u003cbr>\n-Garbage collection\u003cbr>\n-Businesses providing mail and shipping services\u003cbr>\n-Hardware stores, plumbers, electricians and other essential service providers\u003cbr>\n-Educational institutions for purposes of distance learning\u003cbr>\n-Laundromats, dry cleaners, and laundry service providers\u003cbr>\n-Shippers or delivers of groceries, food and good related to residencies\u003cbr>\n-Childcare facilities\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full list of essential activities, businesses and travel in the order \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/alerts/files/HealthOrderC19-07-%20Shelter-in-Place.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Coronavirus: Public Health Experts Want to 'Flatten the Curve.' Here's What That Means",
"headTitle": "Coronavirus: Public Health Experts Want to ‘Flatten the Curve.’ Here’s What That Means | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">F\u003c/span>\u003c/span>or many countries staring down fast-rising \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/tag/coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">coronavirus\u003c/a> case counts, the race is on to “flatten the curve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States and other countries, experts say, are likely to be hit by tsunamis of COVID-19 cases in the coming weeks without aggressive public health responses. But by taking certain steps — canceling large public gatherings, for instance, and encouraging some people to restrict their contact with others — governments have a shot at stamping out new chains of transmission, while also trying to mitigate the damage of the spread that isn’t under control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The epidemic curve, a statistical chart used to visualize when and at what speed new cases are reported, could be flattened, rather than being allowed to rise exponentially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the curves of outbreaks, they go big peaks, and then come down. What we need to do is flatten that down,” Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told reporters Tuesday. “That would have less people infected. That would ultimately have less deaths. You do that by trying to interfere with the natural flow of the outbreak.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notion that the curve of this outbreak could be flattened began to gain credence after China took the extraordinary step of locking down tens of millions of people days in advance of the Lunar New Year, to prevent the virus from spreading around the country from Wuhan, the city where the outbreak appears to have started. Many experts at the time said it would have been impossible to slow a rapidly transmitting respiratory infection by effectively shutting down enormous cities — and possibly counterproductive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1958644\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1408px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1958644\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1408\" height=\"790\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM.png 1408w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM-800x449.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM-768x431.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM-1020x572.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1408px) 100vw, 1408px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Carl Bergstrom, UW & Esther Kim \u003ccite>(ALEX HOGAN/STAT)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the quarantines, unprecedented in modern times, appear to have prevented explosive outbreaks from occurring in cities outside of Hubei province, where Wuhan is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, spread of the virus in China has slowed to a trickle; the country reported only 19 cases on Monday. And South Korea, which has had the third largest outbreak outside of China, also appears to be beating back transmission through aggressive actions. But other places, notably Italy and Iran, are struggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks, a debate has raged about whether the virus could be “contained” — an approach the WHO has been exhorting countries to focus on — or whether it made more sense to simply try to lessen the virus’ blow, an approach known as “mitigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That argument has been counterproductive, Mike Ryan, the head of the WHO’s health emergencies program, said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ve had this unfortunate emergence of camps around the containment camp, the mitigation camp — different groups presenting and championing their view of the world. And frankly speaking, it’s not helpful,” Ryan told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caitlin Rivers, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said any lessening of spread will help health systems remain functional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if we are not headed to zero transmission, any cases that we can prevent and any transmission that we can avoid are going to have enormous impact,” she said. “Not only on the individuals who end up not getting sick but all of the people that they would have ended up infecting. … And so the more that we can minimize it, the better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On any normal day, health systems in the United States typically run \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/10/simple-math-alarming-answers-covid-19/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">close to capacity\u003c/a>. If a hospital is overwhelmed by COVID-19 cases, patients will have a lower chance of surviving than they would if they became ill when the hospital’s patient load was more manageable. People in car crashes, people with cancer, pregnant women who have complications during delivery — all those people risk getting a lesser caliber of care when a hospital is trying to cope with the chaos of an outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the whole notion of flattening the curve is to slow things down so that this doesn’t hit us like a brick wall,” said Michael Mina, associate medical director of clinical microbiology at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “It’s really all borne out of the risk of our health care infrastructure pulling apart at the seams if the virus spreads too quickly and too many people start showing up at the emergency room at any given time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries and regions that have been badly hit by the virus report hospitals that are utterly swamped by the influx of sick people struggling to breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alessandro Vespignani, director of the Network Science Institute at Northeastern University, is gravely worried about what he’s hearing from contacts in Italy, where people initially played down the outbreak as “a kind of flu,” he said. Hospitals in the north of the country, which the virus first took root, are filled beyond capacity, he said, and may soon face the nightmarish dilemma of having to decide who to try to save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was what was really keeping me up at night, to unfortunately see Italy approaching that point,” Vespignani said, adding that now that the country has effectively followed China’s example and put its population on lockdown, “hopefully this will work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vespignani, along with colleagues, published a \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/03/05/science.aba9757\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent modeling study\u003c/a> in Science that showed travel restrictions — which the United States has adopted to a degree — only slow spread when combined with public health interventions and individual behavioral change. He’s not convinced that people in the United States comprehend what’s coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people are not yet fully understanding the scale of this outbreak and how dangerous it is to downplay,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mina agreed: “Without a very clear signal coming from our government at the national level, it’s really just like a small trickle as people start to recognize that this is happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/11/flattening-curve-coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">F\u003c/span>\u003c/span>or many countries staring down fast-rising \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/tag/coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">coronavirus\u003c/a> case counts, the race is on to “flatten the curve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States and other countries, experts say, are likely to be hit by tsunamis of COVID-19 cases in the coming weeks without aggressive public health responses. But by taking certain steps — canceling large public gatherings, for instance, and encouraging some people to restrict their contact with others — governments have a shot at stamping out new chains of transmission, while also trying to mitigate the damage of the spread that isn’t under control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The epidemic curve, a statistical chart used to visualize when and at what speed new cases are reported, could be flattened, rather than being allowed to rise exponentially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the curves of outbreaks, they go big peaks, and then come down. What we need to do is flatten that down,” Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told reporters Tuesday. “That would have less people infected. That would ultimately have less deaths. You do that by trying to interfere with the natural flow of the outbreak.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notion that the curve of this outbreak could be flattened began to gain credence after China took the extraordinary step of locking down tens of millions of people days in advance of the Lunar New Year, to prevent the virus from spreading around the country from Wuhan, the city where the outbreak appears to have started. Many experts at the time said it would have been impossible to slow a rapidly transmitting respiratory infection by effectively shutting down enormous cities — and possibly counterproductive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1958644\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1408px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1958644\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1408\" height=\"790\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM.png 1408w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM-800x449.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM-768x431.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/03/Screen-Shot-2020-03-11-at-10.15.52-AM-1020x572.png 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1408px) 100vw, 1408px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: Carl Bergstrom, UW & Esther Kim \u003ccite>(ALEX HOGAN/STAT)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the quarantines, unprecedented in modern times, appear to have prevented explosive outbreaks from occurring in cities outside of Hubei province, where Wuhan is located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, spread of the virus in China has slowed to a trickle; the country reported only 19 cases on Monday. And South Korea, which has had the third largest outbreak outside of China, also appears to be beating back transmission through aggressive actions. But other places, notably Italy and Iran, are struggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For weeks, a debate has raged about whether the virus could be “contained” — an approach the WHO has been exhorting countries to focus on — or whether it made more sense to simply try to lessen the virus’ blow, an approach known as “mitigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That argument has been counterproductive, Mike Ryan, the head of the WHO’s health emergencies program, said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ve had this unfortunate emergence of camps around the containment camp, the mitigation camp — different groups presenting and championing their view of the world. And frankly speaking, it’s not helpful,” Ryan told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caitlin Rivers, an assistant professor of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, said any lessening of spread will help health systems remain functional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if we are not headed to zero transmission, any cases that we can prevent and any transmission that we can avoid are going to have enormous impact,” she said. “Not only on the individuals who end up not getting sick but all of the people that they would have ended up infecting. … And so the more that we can minimize it, the better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On any normal day, health systems in the United States typically run \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/10/simple-math-alarming-answers-covid-19/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">close to capacity\u003c/a>. If a hospital is overwhelmed by COVID-19 cases, patients will have a lower chance of surviving than they would if they became ill when the hospital’s patient load was more manageable. People in car crashes, people with cancer, pregnant women who have complications during delivery — all those people risk getting a lesser caliber of care when a hospital is trying to cope with the chaos of an outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the whole notion of flattening the curve is to slow things down so that this doesn’t hit us like a brick wall,” said Michael Mina, associate medical director of clinical microbiology at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “It’s really all borne out of the risk of our health care infrastructure pulling apart at the seams if the virus spreads too quickly and too many people start showing up at the emergency room at any given time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries and regions that have been badly hit by the virus report hospitals that are utterly swamped by the influx of sick people struggling to breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alessandro Vespignani, director of the Network Science Institute at Northeastern University, is gravely worried about what he’s hearing from contacts in Italy, where people initially played down the outbreak as “a kind of flu,” he said. Hospitals in the north of the country, which the virus first took root, are filled beyond capacity, he said, and may soon face the nightmarish dilemma of having to decide who to try to save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was what was really keeping me up at night, to unfortunately see Italy approaching that point,” Vespignani said, adding that now that the country has effectively followed China’s example and put its population on lockdown, “hopefully this will work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vespignani, along with colleagues, published a \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/03/05/science.aba9757\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent modeling study\u003c/a> in Science that showed travel restrictions — which the United States has adopted to a degree — only slow spread when combined with public health interventions and individual behavioral change. He’s not convinced that people in the United States comprehend what’s coming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people are not yet fully understanding the scale of this outbreak and how dangerous it is to downplay,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mina agreed: “Without a very clear signal coming from our government at the national level, it’s really just like a small trickle as people start to recognize that this is happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/11/flattening-curve-coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Coronavirus: COVID-19 Is Now Officially A Pandemic, WHO Says",
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"content": "\u003cp>The COVID-19 viral disease that has swept into at least 114 countries and killed more than 4,000 people is now officially a pandemic, the World Health Organization announced Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first pandemic caused by coronavirus,” said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight countries — including the U.S. — are now each reporting more than 1,000 cases of COVID-19, caused by the virus that has infected more than 120,000 people worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past two weeks, the number of cases of COVID-19 outside China has increased 13-fold, and the number of affected countries has tripled,” Tedros said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noting the rising death toll from the respiratory virus, the WHO head said, “In the days and weeks ahead, we expect to see the number of cases, the number of deaths, and the number of affected countries climb even higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WHO is “deeply concerned,” Tedros said, “both by the alarming levels of spread and severity, and by the alarming levels of inaction” by the world’s leaders in response to the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have therefore made the assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he acknowledged the viral disease’s reach, Tedros also urged people not to be fearful because of its status as a pandemic. He also said the term should not be taken to mean that the fight against the virus is over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Describing the situation as a pandemic does not change WHO’s assessment of the threat posed by the virus,” Tedros said. “It doesn’t change what WHO is doing. And it doesn’t change what countries should do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A severe outbreak in Italy has now caused more than 630 deaths there, and the country’s case total continues to rise sharply. It’s now at 10,000 cases, second only to China. There are 9,000 cases in Iran, and more than 7,700 in South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those countries are all imposing drastic measures in an attempt to slow the spread of the COVID-19 illness, which has a higher fatality rate for elderly people and those with underlying health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the Americas, Honduras, Jamaica and Panama are all confirming coronavirus infections for the first time,” NPR’s Jason Beaubien reports. “Elsewhere Mongolia and Cyprus are also now reporting cases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WHO declared the coronavirus outbreak a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/30/798894428/who-declares-coronavirus-outbreak-a-global-health-emergency\">global health emergency\u003c/a> in January, as cases surged in China, the epicenter of the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the outbreak has ballooned, so has speculation that the organization would raise its warnings about the virus to the highest level. But Tedros said WHO experts had determined that the scale of the coronavirus’s impact didn’t warrant the description. And he noted that declaring the outbreak a pandemic would raise the risk of a public panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tedros and others had hoped the virus would be contained, citing data from China showing that the number of new cases there peaked in late January and early February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coronavirus Symptoms and Prevention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prevent the coronavirus from spreading, the CDC recommends washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using a hand sanitizer if a sink isn’t available. The World Health Organization says people should wear face masks only if they’re sick or caring for someone who is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For most people, COVID-19 infection will cause mild illness; however, it can make some people very ill and, in some people, it can be fatal,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf\">the WHO says\u003c/a>. “Older people, and those with pre-existing medical conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease or diabetes) are at risk for severe disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common symptoms of COVID-19, according to a recent WHO report that draws on more than 70,000 cases in China: fever (in 88% of cases); dry cough (68%); fatigue (38%); sputum/phlegm production (33%).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortness of breath occurred in nearly 20% of cases, and about 13% had a sore throat or headache, the WHO said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Coronavirus%3A+COVID-19+Is+Now+Officially+A+Pandemic%2C+WHO+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WHO is “deeply concerned,” Tedros said, “both by the alarming levels of spread and severity, and by the alarming levels of inaction” by the world’s leaders in response to the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have therefore made the assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he acknowledged the viral disease’s reach, Tedros also urged people not to be fearful because of its status as a pandemic. He also said the term should not be taken to mean that the fight against the virus is over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Describing the situation as a pandemic does not change WHO’s assessment of the threat posed by the virus,” Tedros said. “It doesn’t change what WHO is doing. And it doesn’t change what countries should do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A severe outbreak in Italy has now caused more than 630 deaths there, and the country’s case total continues to rise sharply. It’s now at 10,000 cases, second only to China. There are 9,000 cases in Iran, and more than 7,700 in South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those countries are all imposing drastic measures in an attempt to slow the spread of the COVID-19 illness, which has a higher fatality rate for elderly people and those with underlying health conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the Americas, Honduras, Jamaica and Panama are all confirming coronavirus infections for the first time,” NPR’s Jason Beaubien reports. “Elsewhere Mongolia and Cyprus are also now reporting cases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WHO declared the coronavirus outbreak a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/01/30/798894428/who-declares-coronavirus-outbreak-a-global-health-emergency\">global health emergency\u003c/a> in January, as cases surged in China, the epicenter of the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the outbreak has ballooned, so has speculation that the organization would raise its warnings about the virus to the highest level. But Tedros said WHO experts had determined that the scale of the coronavirus’s impact didn’t warrant the description. And he noted that declaring the outbreak a pandemic would raise the risk of a public panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tedros and others had hoped the virus would be contained, citing data from China showing that the number of new cases there peaked in late January and early February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coronavirus Symptoms and Prevention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prevent the coronavirus from spreading, the CDC recommends washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using a hand sanitizer if a sink isn’t available. The World Health Organization says people should wear face masks only if they’re sick or caring for someone who is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For most people, COVID-19 infection will cause mild illness; however, it can make some people very ill and, in some people, it can be fatal,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf\">the WHO says\u003c/a>. “Older people, and those with pre-existing medical conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease or diabetes) are at risk for severe disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common symptoms of COVID-19, according to a recent WHO report that draws on more than 70,000 cases in China: fever (in 88% of cases); dry cough (68%); fatigue (38%); sputum/phlegm production (33%).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortness of breath occurred in nearly 20% of cases, and about 13% had a sore throat or headache, the WHO said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Coronavirus%3A+COVID-19+Is+Now+Officially+A+Pandemic%2C+WHO+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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