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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://www.amazon.com/Panic-Virus-Story-Medicine-Science/dp/1439158649\">The Panic Virus\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://sethmnookin.com/\">Seth Mnookin\u003c/a> draws on interviews with parents, public-health advocates, scientists, and anti-vaccine activists to tackle a fundamental question: How do we decide what the truth is? The fascinating answer helps explain everything from the persistence of conspiracy theories about 9/11 to the appeal of talk-show hosts who demand that President Obama “prove” he was born in America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tonight's event is at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.atlascafe.net/\" target=\"_blank\">Atlas Cafe\u003c/a>, 3049 20th St @ Alabama St. in the Mission District and runs from 7 - 9pm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/mouse2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>The gene CMAH is needed to induce human-like diabetes in mice. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/alicepopkorn/5254159199/\">AlicePopkorn\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/25049\">New research\u003c/a> suggests that rodents and other mammals might not be ideal for studying type 2 diabetes because of a gene that was deleted from the human genome millions of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtually all mammals produce specific sugar molecules that aid cells in interacting with their environment. That is, all except humans. Around 2 to 3 million years ago humans lost CMAH, a gene that codes for an enzyme that produces the sugar Neu5Gc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the role of this gene, researches compared two sets of mice. One group had a normal CMAH function and Neu5Gc production, the other group did not—just like humans. Both groups of mice were fed a diet that normally induces obesity and insulin resistance (metabolic syndrome), and both groups experienced these symptoms. However, only the mice missing the CMAH gene had lost the ability to produce insulin in the pancreas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings suggest that while normal mice can exhibit some of the symptoms of type 2 diabetes in the lab, they do not mimic the full effects of metabolic syndrome experienced by humans exposed to a similar diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future diabetes research may be better served using mice with a genetic background more similar to humans and missing the CMAH gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 32.8774915 -117.2352765\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/mouse2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>The gene CMAH is needed to induce human-like diabetes in mice. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/alicepopkorn/5254159199/\">AlicePopkorn\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/25049\">New research\u003c/a> suggests that rodents and other mammals might not be ideal for studying type 2 diabetes because of a gene that was deleted from the human genome millions of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtually all mammals produce specific sugar molecules that aid cells in interacting with their environment. That is, all except humans. Around 2 to 3 million years ago humans lost CMAH, a gene that codes for an enzyme that produces the sugar Neu5Gc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test the role of this gene, researches compared two sets of mice. One group had a normal CMAH function and Neu5Gc production, the other group did not—just like humans. Both groups of mice were fed a diet that normally induces obesity and insulin resistance (metabolic syndrome), and both groups experienced these symptoms. However, only the mice missing the CMAH gene had lost the ability to produce insulin in the pancreas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings suggest that while normal mice can exhibit some of the symptoms of type 2 diabetes in the lab, they do not mimic the full effects of metabolic syndrome experienced by humans exposed to a similar diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future diabetes research may be better served using mice with a genetic background more similar to humans and missing the CMAH gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 32.8774915 -117.2352765\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/redwood2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This redwood, in Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park near Santa Cruz, might be genetically identical to some of its neighbors. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/with/446543016/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST has an inordinate fondness for albino \u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/education/coastredwood.shtml\">redwoods\u003c/a>. It all started with the Science on the SPOT video \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-albino-redwoods-ghosts-of-the-forest\">Albino Redwoods, Ghosts of the Forest\u003c/a>. Then there was a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/12/albinoredwoodradio/\">radio story\u003c/a>, and a few \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/22/ghostbusters/\">blog posts\u003c/a>. And last week QUEST revisited the research in two new Science on the SPOT videos about the ghosts of the forest. The video \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-cracking-the-code\">Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Cracking the Code\u003c/a> focuses on QUEST blogger Barry Star and Stanford professor Ghia Euskirchen’s research on how the albinos are genetically different from “normal” coast redwoods. In \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-biological-mystery\">Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Biological Mystery\u003c/a>, Santa Cruz Professor Jarmila Pitterman wonders how albino redwoods’ total lack of chlorophyll affects their physiology and ecology. After producing all these videos, QUEST Producer Chris Bauer still had questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris saw three albino redwoods, arranged in a straight line, a short distance from one another. He wondered if these three redwoods, yards apart, might be genetically identical. Maybe they sprung from the same individual. To understand how this is even possible, you need to know about the numerous ways that redwoods can reproduce—some of which involve cloning themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New redwood trees can come about in four ways: through seeds, cuttings, stump sprouts, and root sprouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all plants, redwoods can grow from seeds. Redwood seeds come from those tiny, inch-long redwood \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conifer_cone\">cones\u003c/a> that fall from the branches in autumn. Each cone contains one to two dozen tiny seeds. These seeds were fertilized with redwood pollen; they are mix of genetic material from the parent that made the seed and the parent that made the pollen. However, redwood seeds have a notoriously low germination rate. Hardly any of them will grow into a plant. Which brings us to the next method of redwood tree generation: cuttings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood trees that you buy from a nursery probably began as cuttings—branches that were cut from a tree. To make \u003ca href=\"http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/native_plants_journal/v009/9.1.luna.html\">a good redwood cutting\u003c/a>, horticulturists will cut a branch from a young tree, or sapling, because cuttings from young trees tend to survive better. They treat the cutting with hormones to encourage growth, and plant the cutting in a special blend of soils. After a few months, about 25-35% of the cuttings have formed roots; the others do not survive. Once the cuttings have established, they can grow quite quickly—up to 7 feet in height in a single growing season. Regeneration from existing branches doesn’t just happen in the nursery—it happens in nature too. When a branch falls off a redwood tree, say in a storm, the branch can come in contact with the soil and develop roots. These provide the branch with nutrients and water, and before long the branch has grown into a tree. Trees grown from cuttings or from branches are genetically identical of the tree that donated the branch. (For the same reason, California’s vineyards are very low in genetic diversity; see this \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/25/science/25wine.html\">article\u003c/a> in the New York Times.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/redwood_stump_sprouts2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cem>Stump sprouts on a coast redwood. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/with/446543016/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many a majestic redwood tree began as a stump sprout. Stump sprouts are tiny growths from the base of existing trees. They can grow out of a healthy tree, or a tree that has been logged or damaged by fire. Redwoods have extensive underground root systems, which are impervious to trifling things like lumberjacks’ axes and fire. Trees that grow from stumps grow quickly and have a good chance of success, because the trees are automatically connected to a large root system. Multiple stump sprouts from a single trunk form what is called a fairy ring: a ring of trees, with a circular clearing in the middle, because the original tree breaks down. Stump sprouts are generally genetic clones of the original tree. However, the albino redwoods are stump sprouts with a mutation (or two, or three…). The genomic research happening Stanford will hopefully shed some light on how this mutation happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/redwood_fairy_ring_swiv2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cem>A fairy ring. The ring of trees has sprouted from the moss-covered trunk in the middle. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/swiv/4306308802/\">Swiv\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwoods don’t just sprout from stumps; they can also sprout new growth from their roots. Redwood roots extend horizontally under the soil. Many redwoods live in flood-prone ecosystems, on the banks of rivers. When redwood forests become flooded, sediment piles up on the surface of the soil, burying the roots a bit deeper than they were before. Redwoods will grow another set of horizontal roots, a little closer to the surface. By digging deep into the ground and counting the horizontal layers of roots, people can tell how many floods a redwood has endured. When new growth sprouts from the surface roots, the original tree soon has a neighbor that is basically an identical twin. This is what Chris thinks is going on with the three albino redwoods, all in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully Chris can test his hypothesis in a year or two, when the redwood genome is sequenced and we know what mutation (or mutations) cause albinism. Are the three neighboring albino redwoods mutants that sprung from genetically identical trees? Maybe that tree’s genotype is just a little different from that of an albino—and the mutation that causes albinism is very likely to occur. Or maybe the three albinos are a series of chlorophyll-free coincidences. We’ll have to wait patiently for the genome data. But, for a coast redwood that can live for 2,000 years, the wait won’t be long at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.040928 -122.065315\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/redwood2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This redwood, in Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park near Santa Cruz, might be genetically identical to some of its neighbors. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/with/446543016/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>QUEST has an inordinate fondness for albino \u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/education/coastredwood.shtml\">redwoods\u003c/a>. It all started with the Science on the SPOT video \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-albino-redwoods-ghosts-of-the-forest\">Albino Redwoods, Ghosts of the Forest\u003c/a>. Then there was a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/12/albinoredwoodradio/\">radio story\u003c/a>, and a few \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/22/ghostbusters/\">blog posts\u003c/a>. And last week QUEST revisited the research in two new Science on the SPOT videos about the ghosts of the forest. The video \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-cracking-the-code\">Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Cracking the Code\u003c/a> focuses on QUEST blogger Barry Star and Stanford professor Ghia Euskirchen’s research on how the albinos are genetically different from “normal” coast redwoods. In \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-biological-mystery\">Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Biological Mystery\u003c/a>, Santa Cruz Professor Jarmila Pitterman wonders how albino redwoods’ total lack of chlorophyll affects their physiology and ecology. After producing all these videos, QUEST Producer Chris Bauer still had questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris saw three albino redwoods, arranged in a straight line, a short distance from one another. He wondered if these three redwoods, yards apart, might be genetically identical. Maybe they sprung from the same individual. To understand how this is even possible, you need to know about the numerous ways that redwoods can reproduce—some of which involve cloning themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New redwood trees can come about in four ways: through seeds, cuttings, stump sprouts, and root sprouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all plants, redwoods can grow from seeds. Redwood seeds come from those tiny, inch-long redwood \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conifer_cone\">cones\u003c/a> that fall from the branches in autumn. Each cone contains one to two dozen tiny seeds. These seeds were fertilized with redwood pollen; they are mix of genetic material from the parent that made the seed and the parent that made the pollen. However, redwood seeds have a notoriously low germination rate. Hardly any of them will grow into a plant. Which brings us to the next method of redwood tree generation: cuttings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood trees that you buy from a nursery probably began as cuttings—branches that were cut from a tree. To make \u003ca href=\"http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/native_plants_journal/v009/9.1.luna.html\">a good redwood cutting\u003c/a>, horticulturists will cut a branch from a young tree, or sapling, because cuttings from young trees tend to survive better. They treat the cutting with hormones to encourage growth, and plant the cutting in a special blend of soils. After a few months, about 25-35% of the cuttings have formed roots; the others do not survive. Once the cuttings have established, they can grow quite quickly—up to 7 feet in height in a single growing season. Regeneration from existing branches doesn’t just happen in the nursery—it happens in nature too. When a branch falls off a redwood tree, say in a storm, the branch can come in contact with the soil and develop roots. These provide the branch with nutrients and water, and before long the branch has grown into a tree. Trees grown from cuttings or from branches are genetically identical of the tree that donated the branch. (For the same reason, California’s vineyards are very low in genetic diversity; see this \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/25/science/25wine.html\">article\u003c/a> in the New York Times.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/redwood_stump_sprouts2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cem>Stump sprouts on a coast redwood. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/with/446543016/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many a majestic redwood tree began as a stump sprout. Stump sprouts are tiny growths from the base of existing trees. They can grow out of a healthy tree, or a tree that has been logged or damaged by fire. Redwoods have extensive underground root systems, which are impervious to trifling things like lumberjacks’ axes and fire. 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Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/swiv/4306308802/\">Swiv\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwoods don’t just sprout from stumps; they can also sprout new growth from their roots. Redwood roots extend horizontally under the soil. Many redwoods live in flood-prone ecosystems, on the banks of rivers. When redwood forests become flooded, sediment piles up on the surface of the soil, burying the roots a bit deeper than they were before. Redwoods will grow another set of horizontal roots, a little closer to the surface. By digging deep into the ground and counting the horizontal layers of roots, people can tell how many floods a redwood has endured. When new growth sprouts from the surface roots, the original tree soon has a neighbor that is basically an identical twin. 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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/AlbinoRedwoods2_300wstripe.jpg\">\u003cem>UC Santa Cruz plant biologist Jarmila Pitterman studies an albino redwood tree\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nWhy? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How many times do we parents of preschoolers hear that question each day? “WHY do birds fly? WHY does the wind blow? WHY do bees buzz? WHY are trees green? WHY do I have to eat my broccoli?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because I SAID so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“WHY??”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science begins with our curiosity. The first step is to start asking questions, probably most often “Why?” and “How?” And as much as we wish it were different, in science, “because I said so” is never answer enough. You have to back up your case with some proof, or at least some compelling evidence. \u003c!--more-->And even then, your case will likely not be accepted on its face as truth, but tested and re-tested, re-asked and re-proven via a time-tested set of agreed-upon steps. This is known as the Scientific Method: 1) Ask a question. 2) Construct a hypothesis. 3) Experiment. 4) Analyze your results 5) Repeat if necessary and draw your conclusions. 6) Communicate your findings. While we all come into our questions with personal or cultural beliefs, the scientific method attempts to remove the beliefs of the scientist when testing a hypothesis point the way towards a verifiable fact or facts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which, brings us to the rare and unusual \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-albino-redwoods-ghosts-of-the-forest\">albino redwood trees\u003c/a>. We already know the facts about trees, right? We can usually answer the preschooler’s question about why trees are green. But what if the tree is anything but green?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t actually have all the answers to that one. We can hypothesize that these ghosts of the forest must be mutants, and lack chlorophyll. But that’s the easy part. What we don’t know, is WHY they lack chlorophyll, and survive. That’s a trick that few trees anywhere in the world — if any– can pull off. So right now, we’re guessing. And we can do better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what the research scientists at Stanford and UC Santa Cruz are out to discover. Believe it or not, until now the Redwood genome has never been sequenced. Stanford geneticists want to pinpoint the mutation or mutations that cause these trees to be albino. Plant biologists from UC Santa Cruz seek to determine how these trees survive and grow without chlorophyll and its instrumental role in providing energy for the plant. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003cstrong>QUEST Science on the SPOT story\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-cracking-the-code\">“Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Cracking the Code,”\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong> we follow Stanford geneticists Ghia Euskirchen and Barry Starr from the redwood forests to the lab as they work to uncover the root of the mutation that causes albinism in redwood trees. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another \u003cstrong>Science on the SPOT\u003c/strong> installment, \u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-revisiting-albino-redwoods-biological-mystery\">“Revisiting Albino Redwoods, Biological Mystery,”\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>we meet UC Santa Cruz plant biologist Jarmila Pitterman and tag along as she and her students study the inner workings of the unusual albino redwoods. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story is just beginning. They’re only in step 3 in the process; experimentation. But in time, the redwood genome will be sequenced. We will know where the mutation is. We will know how these albino trees survive and grow. And in the process we may learn things about the genetic heritage of redwood trees. We may learn more about how all redwood trees live and grow. We may learn how redwood trees adapt to things such as disease or climate change. The answers are endless. They are just waiting for someone to ask: why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.0440253 -122.0712299\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/sharkbin.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The growing demand for shark fin soup is helping to drive rampant illegal shark finning in international waters and the California market is contributing to this problem.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean defines the San Francisco Bay culture. Our maritime heritage, our climate and our commerce are all interdependent upon the ocean and ocean resources. Fishing, whale watching, bird watching and even shark watching are important parts of our local economy and enjoyment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bay adjoins a \u003ca href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/\">National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> resplendent with whales, seabirds and the white sharks that visit the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-farallon-islands--californias-galapagos\">Farallon Islands\u003c/a>. Yet these and other sharks pupped in the San Francisco Bay are at risk to international fisheries. Sharks are seriously at risk in the world ocean to overfishing and the growing threat of shark finning. This is why California is taking a stand for shark conservation by proposing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/02/15/MNLG1HMV3V.DTL\">bill to regulate shark fin sales\u003c/a>. 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Himself an Asian Pacific American, Mr. Fong grew up in Hong Kong consuming shark fin soup. After he learned of the effect it is having on the shark population, he stopped eating it. In this effort, Mr. Fong is joined by Chinese-American chefs, scientists, fishermen and conservationists in a coalition to stop the sale of shark fins in the state. Although we have laws against killing sharks solely for their fins, shark fins are imported from Ecuador, Costa Rica, Hong Kong and other countries. The shark fin sales ban will help protect sharks worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As top predators, sharks are the architects of ocean ecosystems, yet even as we are trying to study our local sharks with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, we are losing sharks to fisheries offshore. Up to 73 million sharks are killed annually for their fins, with some shark populations declining by as much as 90 percent as a result. In fact DNA sequenced from fins purchased in San Francisco indicate that the fins come from sharks all over the world, over half threatened as Vulnerable by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iucn.org/\">International Union for Conservation of Nature\u003c/a> (IUCN). One unrecognizable bag of noodles purchased was once a Great Hammerhead Shark, a species that can grow up to 18 feet and weigh 1500 pounds. Hammerheads sharks are highly coveted for soup and it has been well established that the finning industry targets these species. Perhaps 3 % of this shark made it to market if the animal was finned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senator Leland Yee, who is running for mayor of San Francisco, called AB 376 an \"attack on Asian culture.\" However a groundswell of supporters of AB 376 are Chinese, including some of the bill’s Sponsors, a group called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/pages/Asian-Pacific-American-Ocean-Harmony-Alliance/131397800260194\">Asian Pacific American Ocean Harmony Alliance\u003c/a>. Since the announcement, an overwhelming response has come from our local Asian community, primarily in support of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agreeing that shark finning is wrong but calling a ban on sales extreme, Mr. Yee stated that some sharks are well populated and many can and should be sustainably fished. While there are some shark fisheries, most have collapsed after any intensive effort, and others have fewer and smaller sharks. He calls for measures already in place by the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark_Conservation_Act\">Shark Conservation Act\u003c/a>, and to test fins at the ports: an expensive and time intensive process that is impracticable for our customs authorities. These are not viable alternatives. Due to their reproductive biology, which includes late onset of maturity, few young and long gestation periods, sharks cannot be farmed and do not stand up to a focused fishery. Fully one third of all shark species are on the IUCN Red List. Thirty are endangered and populations are decreasing for most others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fishing a shark population to provide fins and even meat cannot supply the world or even local demand for shark fin soup. In the 1950's, \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/AnimalDetails.aspx?id=780634\">Soupfin sharks\u003c/a> in the San Francisco Bay were fished to a state of commercial and ecological collapse. Sixty years later, this population may have just recovered from that fishery. In fact, to this day we don’t know how many Soupfin sharks live in the Bay This is not an issue of race or culture. This is an ecological imperative. Cultures evolve just as our methods of harvesting the sea must evolve. With 80% of the world’s fisheries in collapse, and sharks threatened with extinction at the current rate of fishing, we need to take drastic measures now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our common culture is the Ocean, a culture of all races, and the health of the oceans and fisheries are our common resource. The current market for shark fin is unsustainable and AB 376 will help reduce that demand and restore ecosystem health. San Francisco’s Ocean Culture must lead this charge for ocean health and for sharks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/sharkbin.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The growing demand for shark fin soup is helping to drive rampant illegal shark finning in international waters and the California market is contributing to this problem.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean defines the San Francisco Bay culture. Our maritime heritage, our climate and our commerce are all interdependent upon the ocean and ocean resources. Fishing, whale watching, bird watching and even shark watching are important parts of our local economy and enjoyment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bay adjoins a \u003ca href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/\">National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> resplendent with whales, seabirds and the white sharks that visit the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-farallon-islands--californias-galapagos\">Farallon Islands\u003c/a>. Yet these and other sharks pupped in the San Francisco Bay are at risk to international fisheries. Sharks are seriously at risk in the world ocean to overfishing and the growing threat of shark finning. This is why California is taking a stand for shark conservation by proposing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/02/15/MNLG1HMV3V.DTL\">bill to regulate shark fin sales\u003c/a>. The shark fin trade is believed by many scientists to be responsible for a catastrophic collapse in the worldwide shark population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice of shark finning involves cutting off the tails and fins of living sharks, which are then thrown back into the ocean to suffer and die. Shark fins are used in the delicacy shark fin soup. The growing demand for the exotic dish is helping to drive rampant illegal shark finning in international waters and the California market is contributing to this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help protect sharks, Bay Area Assemblymen Paul Fong and Jared Huffman have introduced a new bill to increase protections for sharks. This bill, \u003ca href=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/Bills/AB_376/20112012/\">AB 376\u003c/a>, seeks to reduce the demand for shark fins by targeting the market for fins in California. Himself an Asian Pacific American, Mr. Fong grew up in Hong Kong consuming shark fin soup. After he learned of the effect it is having on the shark population, he stopped eating it. In this effort, Mr. Fong is joined by Chinese-American chefs, scientists, fishermen and conservationists in a coalition to stop the sale of shark fins in the state. Although we have laws against killing sharks solely for their fins, shark fins are imported from Ecuador, Costa Rica, Hong Kong and other countries. The shark fin sales ban will help protect sharks worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As top predators, sharks are the architects of ocean ecosystems, yet even as we are trying to study our local sharks with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, we are losing sharks to fisheries offshore. Up to 73 million sharks are killed annually for their fins, with some shark populations declining by as much as 90 percent as a result. In fact DNA sequenced from fins purchased in San Francisco indicate that the fins come from sharks all over the world, over half threatened as Vulnerable by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.iucn.org/\">International Union for Conservation of Nature\u003c/a> (IUCN). One unrecognizable bag of noodles purchased was once a Great Hammerhead Shark, a species that can grow up to 18 feet and weigh 1500 pounds. Hammerheads sharks are highly coveted for soup and it has been well established that the finning industry targets these species. Perhaps 3 % of this shark made it to market if the animal was finned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senator Leland Yee, who is running for mayor of San Francisco, called AB 376 an \"attack on Asian culture.\" However a groundswell of supporters of AB 376 are Chinese, including some of the bill’s Sponsors, a group called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/pages/Asian-Pacific-American-Ocean-Harmony-Alliance/131397800260194\">Asian Pacific American Ocean Harmony Alliance\u003c/a>. Since the announcement, an overwhelming response has come from our local Asian community, primarily in support of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agreeing that shark finning is wrong but calling a ban on sales extreme, Mr. Yee stated that some sharks are well populated and many can and should be sustainably fished. While there are some shark fisheries, most have collapsed after any intensive effort, and others have fewer and smaller sharks. He calls for measures already in place by the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark_Conservation_Act\">Shark Conservation Act\u003c/a>, and to test fins at the ports: an expensive and time intensive process that is impracticable for our customs authorities. These are not viable alternatives. Due to their reproductive biology, which includes late onset of maturity, few young and long gestation periods, sharks cannot be farmed and do not stand up to a focused fishery. Fully one third of all shark species are on the IUCN Red List. Thirty are endangered and populations are decreasing for most others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fishing a shark population to provide fins and even meat cannot supply the world or even local demand for shark fin soup. In the 1950's, \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/AnimalDetails.aspx?id=780634\">Soupfin sharks\u003c/a> in the San Francisco Bay were fished to a state of commercial and ecological collapse. Sixty years later, this population may have just recovered from that fishery. In fact, to this day we don’t know how many Soupfin sharks live in the Bay This is not an issue of race or culture. This is an ecological imperative. Cultures evolve just as our methods of harvesting the sea must evolve. With 80% of the world’s fisheries in collapse, and sharks threatened with extinction at the current rate of fishing, we need to take drastic measures now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our common culture is the Ocean, a culture of all races, and the health of the oceans and fisheries are our common resource. The current market for shark fin is unsustainable and AB 376 will help reduce that demand and restore ecosystem health. San Francisco’s Ocean Culture must lead this charge for ocean health and for sharks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Elephant-Seals-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Oakland middle school students observe elephant seal behavior—and snap cell phone photos—at Año Neuvo State Reserve.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This weekend, I went to \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">Año Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a> to see the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">elephant seals\u003c/a>, along with 14 Oakland middle schoolers. Some friends at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lawrencehallofscience.org/\">The Lawrence Hall of Science\u003c/a>, where I work, needed an extra driver for a field trip. I’d never been to Año Nuevo before, so I volunteered. We had a great trip—warm weather, a terrific tour guide, and plenty of animals to observe. Those perceptive middle schoolers narrowed in on a few salient facts about elephant seal life.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We took a guided walk through the sand dunes with a docent named Bob. He started and ended the tour with poems by John Muir, peppered the kids with questions, and told us some amazing info about elephant seals. He had elephant seal whiskers in his pocket, and a piece of molted skin, which he passed around to the students. They were simultaneously repulsed and fascinated. After two hours in the warm sun, peering at elephant seals through binoculars and snapping photos with cell phones, we were headed back. During our long walk from the beach to the parking lot, I asked a few kids what they found most interesting about the elephant seals. And when we got back the parking lot, we asked the kids to share with a partner what they learned about the seals, and what they still wondered. Here are the top three things that middle schoolers noticed about elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Elephant seals mate. Right in front of you. And… it’s sort of violent. Males move in on the females, and sometimes bite them so they won’t struggle. As our tour guide explained, pregnant female elephant seals come onshore to give birth in December. When they head out to sea a few months later, they’re pregnant again. They’ll return to Año Nuevo and repeat the process again next year. As one girl put it, “I wouldn’t like to have a baby every year. And I wouldn’t like it if I couldn’t pick who dad would be.” From the sounds of some of those female elephant seals, they may feel the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Elephant seal moms are mean. They nurse their babies for about a month, and then leave the babies to fend for themselves. Elephant seal milk is super fatty—the pups gain up to 250 pounds during their month of nursing. Once they’re fattened up, the moms take off. The pups are then called weaners, and they live off their fat while they learn to swim and fish for themselves. About 50% of the weaners will survive the year. However, some weaners don’t even make it off the beach. We saw a skinny-looking little elephant seal, all alone, making meager movements of its flippers to flick sand onto its body to keep cool. It was forlorn and wrinkly, not glossy, fat, and round like its neighbors. Bob said it probably wouldn’t survive. It likely got separated from its mother before it had gotten fat enough to get through the weeks without food. The students were really upset about the fact that we were standing on the sand dunes, basically watching this little elephant seal die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/elephant-seals-2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>A dominant male elephant seal shows who’s boss.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Elephant seals can be huge. The dominant males, called bulls, can be up to 16 feet long. This is three times the height of Justin Beiber, who, as I learned on the drive out, is only 5 foot 4. Big male elephant seals can move improbably quickly across the sand, to defend their harem from smaller males who try to mate with the females on the sly. In their rush to scare away the interlopers, the big bulls sometimes mow down little elephant seal pups. The small pups are basking in the sun, and can’t get out of the way in time. About 5% of the pups at Año Nuevo are crushed under adult seals. We might have seen a pup get mowed down. Maybe. Its rear flippers might have been squished; we weren’t really sure. The little guy moved a bit, but then stopped moving. Then it moved again. And then it was time to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/elephant-seals-3.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Look!\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kids will go on a series of field trips throughout the year, to tidepools and marine labs, as part of a Lawrence Hall of Science program funded by a \u003ca href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/publiced/plate/plgrant.html\">California Coastal Commission Whale Tail Grant\u003c/a>. The Coastal Commission awards dozens of grants for youth programs and coastal cleanups. The funding comes from the sales of the Whale Tail license plate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about elephant seals in Sheraz Sadiq’s QUEST blog post, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/02/02/11944/\">Diving to New Scientific Depths with Elephant Seals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.1130031 -122.3302506\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Elephant-Seals-1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Oakland middle school students observe elephant seal behavior—and snap cell phone photos—at Año Neuvo State Reserve.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This weekend, I went to \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=523\">Año Nuevo State Reserve\u003c/a> to see the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1115\">elephant seals\u003c/a>, along with 14 Oakland middle schoolers. Some friends at \u003ca href=\"http://www.lawrencehallofscience.org/\">The Lawrence Hall of Science\u003c/a>, where I work, needed an extra driver for a field trip. I’d never been to Año Nuevo before, so I volunteered. We had a great trip—warm weather, a terrific tour guide, and plenty of animals to observe. Those perceptive middle schoolers narrowed in on a few salient facts about elephant seal life.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We took a guided walk through the sand dunes with a docent named Bob. He started and ended the tour with poems by John Muir, peppered the kids with questions, and told us some amazing info about elephant seals. He had elephant seal whiskers in his pocket, and a piece of molted skin, which he passed around to the students. They were simultaneously repulsed and fascinated. After two hours in the warm sun, peering at elephant seals through binoculars and snapping photos with cell phones, we were headed back. During our long walk from the beach to the parking lot, I asked a few kids what they found most interesting about the elephant seals. And when we got back the parking lot, we asked the kids to share with a partner what they learned about the seals, and what they still wondered. Here are the top three things that middle schoolers noticed about elephant seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Elephant seals mate. Right in front of you. And… it’s sort of violent. Males move in on the females, and sometimes bite them so they won’t struggle. As our tour guide explained, pregnant female elephant seals come onshore to give birth in December. When they head out to sea a few months later, they’re pregnant again. They’ll return to Año Nuevo and repeat the process again next year. As one girl put it, “I wouldn’t like to have a baby every year. And I wouldn’t like it if I couldn’t pick who dad would be.” From the sounds of some of those female elephant seals, they may feel the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Elephant seal moms are mean. They nurse their babies for about a month, and then leave the babies to fend for themselves. Elephant seal milk is super fatty—the pups gain up to 250 pounds during their month of nursing. Once they’re fattened up, the moms take off. The pups are then called weaners, and they live off their fat while they learn to swim and fish for themselves. About 50% of the weaners will survive the year. However, some weaners don’t even make it off the beach. We saw a skinny-looking little elephant seal, all alone, making meager movements of its flippers to flick sand onto its body to keep cool. It was forlorn and wrinkly, not glossy, fat, and round like its neighbors. Bob said it probably wouldn’t survive. It likely got separated from its mother before it had gotten fat enough to get through the weeks without food. The students were really upset about the fact that we were standing on the sand dunes, basically watching this little elephant seal die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/china2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>These Chinese students are kicking our butts in science.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New test results confirm what many of us have feared: U.S. students suck at science. These new numbers are not only bad for our reputation, they spell trouble for the future U.S. economy and possibly the world. Maybe President Obama is right and we are in the middle of another “Sputnik” moment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most \u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2011451\">recent test results\u003c/a> put us on par with France, the Czech Republic and Hungary and miles away from the likes of China, South Korea, Finland and Australia. The top countries will be producing the best scientists who will drive economies forward. Those of us in the middle of the pack will either fall behind economically or stay competitive either by attracting good scientists from elsewhere or by changing our education system to match the Finns or the Aussies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course this is only true if these results hold for top performing students, too. Since most scientists come from this group, if the top performing students in the U.S. hold their own against their counterparts in other countries, then we may be OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The testing folks provide this great tool,\u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/international/ide/\"> the International Data Explorer\u003c/a>, that lets you parse the data in lots of different ways. And no matter how I sliced the data, we are in the middle of the pack. If I look at wealthy folks, or students who have educated parents or students that have scientists as parents, each category is still behind lots of different countries. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we can’t blame the test results on immigrants, the poor or any of our usual convenient scapegoats. We are simply doing a poor job of teaching science. Such a poor job that our economy is going to be in real trouble in the not so distant future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it isn’t just our economy that is threatened. A general U.S. public that is not up to snuff scientifically might just put our world at risk too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scientifically illiterate public will fear vaccines and GM foods, won’t understand and so won’t believe in global warming and so on. This could mean a spread of disease, starvation and environmental catastrophes just to name a few. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is important to remember that none of this is inevitable. We can ramp up our science education so that we train the best scientists in the world and maybe even create a scientifically informed and savvy public in the process. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Massachusetts has done just that in the last 15 or 20 years. If it were a country, Massachusetts would now be in the upper ranks of countries. We need to look to Massachusetts for how to improve other states' failing education systems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Massachusetts shows that with the will and money to do it, we can turn our educational system around. Sadly, though, I am not sure most of the country will. Sputnik came with the fear of nuclear holocaust. Our current crisis comes with the fear of future irrelevance and a decreased standard of living. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current risks are not life and death and so it will be much harder to mobilize the government, the public, and the unions to transform our education system. I guess our dominance economically and scientifically was good while it lasted. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2010/11/your-child-left-behind/66069/\">A fun interactive that lets you compare math, science and reading scores between states and different countries.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/12/your-child-left-behind/8310/\">State by state math scores compared to other countries.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/id/2281847/\">Why this crisis will be harder to overcome than the Sputnik crisis.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Falcon_Nevill_lg.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Peregrine Falcon. Photo: Glenn Nevill at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time of year, you may see birds of prey, with their wings outstretched, circling overhead. It is nesting season, and raptors will nest in trees, on cliffs and, in our urban environment, on the ledges of tall buildings. But the shared history of humans and raptors is far older than the concept of urban wildlife. Humans have been practicing falconry—caring for and hunting with raptors—for close to 4000 years.\u003c!--more--> This week’s Science on the SPOT story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-peregrine-falcons-up-close\">Peregrine Falcons Up Close\u003c/a>, is about a falcon named Bella, a retired falconry bird who now lives at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfzoo.org/openrosters/view_homepage.asp?orgkey=1859\">San Francisco Zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In falconry, a human cares for a bird of prey, and trains it to hunt. The bird hunts on behalf of the human. This relationship has created some controversy, but first, a bit more about how falconry works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the practice of falconry, I spoke to my friend Rikki Shackleford, an apprentice falconer. Rikki got interested in falconry when he was working at an environmental education school. The school was caring for a \u003ca href=\"http://hawkwatch.org/about-raptors/bird-info-sheets/104?task=view\">Red-tailed Hawk\u003c/a> that had been hit by a car. Unsure of how to care for the bird, Rikki contacted a local falconer. Rikki got hooked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falconry is tightly regulated at both the state and federal level. To own a bird, you need a license, and you need to apprentice with an experienced falconer for two years. Once you’ve completed your apprenticeship, you can get a general license and own up to three birds, of almost any species. With a master license, you can own up to 5 birds. After you’ve had a master license for 7 years, you can own an eagle. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhawkingclub.org/\">California Hawking Club\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.n-a-f-a.com/\">North American Falconers Association\u003c/a> have more information about the licensing and practice of falconry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Red-tailed_Hawk_Wolf.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Red-tailed Hawk. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/rwolf/1465945093/\">Ron Wolf\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rikki has a Red-tailed Hawk, named Nut, which he trapped in the wild last year. There are strict rules about how and when falconers can catch birds. Only passage birds—sexually immature birds less than a year old and on their first migration— can be caught. And falconers can only catch certain species. Many species, including endangered birds, are off-limits. However, falconers can get rare birds, like Peregrine Falcons, from captive breeding programs. Rikki intends to free Nut when she is three years old, when she’s old enough to breed. Because she was caught in the wild, and learned to hunt on her own before she hunted with Rikki, he can return her to the wild. Birds from captive breeding programs cannot be released. When captive-bred birds get old and can no longer hunt effectively, they can go back into captive breeding programs, or be cared for a by a zoo, like Bella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rikki flies Nut every day at a local park, and she hunts a few times a week. Each time Nut catches prey, she brings it back to Rikki. He rewards her with food—most of the time, prey that she has previously caught. The idea that the raptor is hunting for the human is controversial—anyone who is against hunting would probably be against falconry. And the concept that a wild animal is kept in captivity can definitely ruffle some feathers. Rikki counters these arguments: Nut would hunt without him, he says, and would probably hunt more often, because she can’t store the leftovers in the freezer. And Rikki contends that his relationship with Nut is the same as any relationship a human has with an animal—a dog, a cat, a horse—it’s just a little less common. However, Red-tailed Hawks haven’t been domesticated for generations like dogs and cats; Nut was born wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/Falcon_Bridge_Nevill.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>A Peregrine Falcon named Gracie flies by the Bay Bridge. Photo: Glenn Nevill at \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there are many objections to the practice of falconry, the \u003ca href=\"http://hawkwatch.org/about-raptors/bird-info-sheets/103?task=view\">Peregrine Falcon\u003c/a> has falconers to thank for its continued existence. Peregrine Falcons were on the edge of extinction in the 1970s, because the pesticide \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDT\">DDT\u003c/a> made their eggshells perilously thin. However, falconers had healthy Peregrine Falcons in captive breeding programs; offspring from these captive-bred falcons were carefully raised without human contact and were introduced to the wild. Because of these efforts and the ban of DDT, Peregrine Falcons were removed from the Endangered Species List in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more about falcons in the Science on the SPOT story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/science-on-the-spot-peregrine-falcons-up-close\">Peregrine Falcons Up Close\u003c/a>, and the QUEST story \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/467\">Falcon Fascination\u003c/a>. Also, check out the falcon \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ucsc.edu/scpbrg/nestcamSJ.htm\">Nest Cam\u003c/a> at San Jose City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8793 -122.245\u003c/p>\n\n",
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},
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"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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