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"bio": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.MarkFiore.com\">MarkFiore.com\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/markfiore\">Follow on Twitter\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pages/Mark-Fiore-Animated-Political-Cartoons/94451707396?ref=bookmarks\">Facebook\u003c/a> | \u003ca href=\"mailto:mark@markfiore.com\">email\u003c/a>\r\n\r\nPulitzer Prize-winner, Mark Fiore, who the Wall Street Journal has called “the undisputed guru of the form,” creates animated political cartoons in San Francisco, where his work has been featured regularly on the San Francisco Chronicle’s web site, SFGate.com. His work has appeared on Newsweek.com, Slate.com, CBSNews.com, MotherJones.com, DailyKos.com and NPR’s web site. Fiore’s political animation has appeared on CNN, Frontline, Bill Moyers Journal, Salon.com and cable and broadcast outlets across the globe.\r\n\r\nBeginning his professional life by drawing traditional political cartoons for newspapers, Fiore’s work appeared in publications ranging from the Washington Post to the Los Angeles Times. In the late 1990s, he began to experiment with animating political cartoons and, after a short stint at the San Jose Mercury News as their staff cartoonist, Fiore devoted all his energies to animation.\r\nGrowing up in California, Fiore also spent a good portion of his life in the backwoods of Idaho. It was this combination that shaped him politically. Mark majored in political science at Colorado College, where, in a perfect send-off for a cartoonist, he received his diploma in 1991 as commencement speaker Dick Cheney smiled approvingly.\r\nMark Fiore was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for political cartooning in 2010, a Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award in 2004 and has twice received an Online Journalism Award for commentary from the Online News Association (2002, 2008). Fiore has received two awards for his work in new media from the National Cartoonists Society (2001, 2002), and in 2006 received The James Madison Freedom of Information Award from The Society of Professional Journalists.",
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"content": "\u003cp>Salmon spawning season is underway in Marin County’s Lagunitas Creek and this year, there’s been some rare sightings of certain salmon species. Biologists counted close to half a dozen chum salmon and over a dozen pink salmon in the watershed since September. In normal years, you’d be lucky to find one chum salmon in the watershed. Pink salmon haven’t been seen in this area for decades. Both species normally spawn near Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very unusual,” says Marin Municipal Water District ecologist Eric Ettlinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635845\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11635845\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-800x564.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-1180x832.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-960x677.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-375x264.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-520x367.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This pair of chum salmon were spotted recently in the creek. \u003ccite>(Catie Clune/Salmon Protection and Watershed Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So why are these other species showing up in prime coho salmon territory? Ettlinger says no one really knows why yet. But, he says, some biologists are speculating that the chum and pink traveled so far south in search of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Feeding opportunities could have been poor up north this year,” says Ettlinger. “And instead of these fish swimming all the way back to their natal streams to spawn they smelled fresh water and decided to take a chance and spawn here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it could also mean that the habitat in the Lagunitas Creek watershed is thriving, says \u003ca href=\"https://seaturtles.org/programs/salmon/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Salmon Protection and Watershed Network \u003c/a>education specialist Catie Clune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really exciting because it shows that this is a really healthy place to live,” says Clune. “They’re straying to come here because this is such a good habitat for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The watershed is home to Central California’s largest population of the endangered coho salmon. Spawning season for the coho typically begins after winter’s first rainfall. Clune says the creek is just beginning to see adult coho come back from the ocean now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, with spawning salmon, we have three different life stages currently in the stream,” says Clune. “We have the eggs under the ground, we have the young fish from last year and we have the adults coming back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635847\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11635847\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists are marking new salmon nests with bright orange flags. \u003ccite>(Tiffany Camhi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Historically, the watershed was home to close to 6,000 coho salmon. Last year biologists counted about 500 adult coho in the creek, says Clune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For anyone curious to see a salmon yourself, the Salmon Protection and Watershed Network hosts \u003ca href=\"http://seaturtles.org/events/creekwalks/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">creek walks\u003c/a> along the watershed regularly during spawning season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer mediaid=”11635849″]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Salmon spawning season is underway in Marin County’s Lagunitas Creek and this year, there’s been some rare sightings of certain salmon species. Biologists counted close to half a dozen chum salmon and over a dozen pink salmon in the watershed since September. In normal years, you’d be lucky to find one chum salmon in the watershed. Pink salmon haven’t been seen in this area for decades. Both species normally spawn near Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very unusual,” says Marin Municipal Water District ecologist Eric Ettlinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635845\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11635845\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-800x564.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-800x564.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-1020x719.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-1180x832.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-960x677.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-375x264.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28407_DSC08930-qut-520x367.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This pair of chum salmon were spotted recently in the creek. \u003ccite>(Catie Clune/Salmon Protection and Watershed Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So why are these other species showing up in prime coho salmon territory? Ettlinger says no one really knows why yet. But, he says, some biologists are speculating that the chum and pink traveled so far south in search of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Feeding opportunities could have been poor up north this year,” says Ettlinger. “And instead of these fish swimming all the way back to their natal streams to spawn they smelled fresh water and decided to take a chance and spawn here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it could also mean that the habitat in the Lagunitas Creek watershed is thriving, says \u003ca href=\"https://seaturtles.org/programs/salmon/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Salmon Protection and Watershed Network \u003c/a>education specialist Catie Clune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really exciting because it shows that this is a really healthy place to live,” says Clune. “They’re straying to come here because this is such a good habitat for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The watershed is home to Central California’s largest population of the endangered coho salmon. Spawning season for the coho typically begins after winter’s first rainfall. Clune says the creek is just beginning to see adult coho come back from the ocean now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, with spawning salmon, we have three different life stages currently in the stream,” says Clune. “We have the eggs under the ground, we have the young fish from last year and we have the adults coming back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635847\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11635847\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28411_IMG_1326-qut.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists are marking new salmon nests with bright orange flags. \u003ccite>(Tiffany Camhi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Historically, the watershed was home to close to 6,000 coho salmon. Last year biologists counted about 500 adult coho in the creek, says Clune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For anyone curious to see a salmon yourself, the Salmon Protection and Watershed Network hosts \u003ca href=\"http://seaturtles.org/events/creekwalks/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">creek walks\u003c/a> along the watershed regularly during spawning season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer mediaid=”11635849″]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fish Blood in Their Veins -- But Few Salmon in Their River",
"title": "Fish Blood in Their Veins -- But Few Salmon in Their River",
"headTitle": "California Foodways | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]his fall, the number of chinook salmon making their way from the ocean up the Klamath River in the far northwest corner of California is the lowest on record. That’s devastating news for the Yurok tribe, which has lived along and fished the Klamath for centuries. Salmon is integral to their entire culture and way of life, essential to Yurok ceremonies, for food, and for income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cousins Erika Chavez and Jerome Nick Jr. both work for the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Department, and they’re patrolling the Klamath where the river flows into the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622284\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11622284\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010.jpg 4032w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerome Nick Jr. checks a net set a couple of hours earlier. “No fish.” \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nick perches in the front of the boat, with Chavez at the helm as we head to the mouth of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just checking to see if there’s any tribal members fishing,” Chavez says. “Gonna head up to the bridge to see if anyone’s there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Last year we thought our fishing season was really, really low. And this year is a record one -- unfortunately on the wrong end.'\u003ccite>Joe James,\u003cbr>\nYurok tribal council member\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Yurok use gillnets. In good years and bad, the cousins do net counts, stopping by boats, measuring and weighing any fish caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Chavez and Nick are also volunteering, catching salmon for tribal elders. It’s the only fishing allowed this year. Chavez slows the boat so Nick can pull up a net they set a couple of hours ago. The verdict?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No fish,” Nick tells us, shaking his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/10/YurokTribe.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/KlamathSalmon.jpg\" Title=\"Fish Blood in Their Veins -- But Few Salmon in Their River\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'A Ghost Town'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The cousins are alone on the water. Nick says it’s a whole different story in a normal year, especially during commercial fishing season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Practically this whole area is nets, all the way up to the bridge,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, it’s different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622430\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622430\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cousins Erika Chavez and Jerome Nick Jr., who work for the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Department, untangle nets at the mouth of the Klamath River. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a ghost town,” Chavez says, “because there’s nobody out. It’s pretty sad, but then again just knowing there’s not a lot of people out here catching them, those fish have a chance to travel up there. At least that’s my hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we get off the water, Nick says that, unlike a lot of Yurok, he didn’t grow up fishing. He moved here six years ago to get away from family drama in Oregon. Now, when he’s not working the overnight shift at Walmart, he’s on the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I work here with my cousin and she keeps me sane,” he says. “She’s my rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says learning to fish as an adult was hard at first. Then he turns to Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What year did I pull in that 50-pound salmon?” he asks. \"2011,\" she answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"dGQVMYLA0x3DIozsDbNkpvjV0Gedn5ku\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez says she grew up with her family camping right here for the summer. Her grandma would make fry bread, and she and her great-grandmother would watch everyone fish. Chavez started fishing when she was 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My partner was my auntie,\" Chavez recalls. \"She’s the one that taught me, and our whole bottom of our boat was filled with fish. Everyone was catching plenty for their families. It was beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rich salmon harvest means covering the basics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feeds our family,” Chavez says. “When commercial’s here, we use that money to buy our kids school clothes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez usually fishes for her grandma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get her 10 to 15 fish every year, so it’s in her freezer for the whole year,” Chavez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, Chavez says, “she’ll have to deal with deer meat or elk meat or something”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Tribal Celebration of Salmon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About five minutes away in the town of Klamath, thousands of Yurok and friends gather every August for the tribe’s Salmon Festival. There’s a parade and a stick game that looks to my untrained eye like a cross between wrestling and field hockey. Yurok men sing songs for good luck around a card game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True to the festival’s name, there’s salmon cooked in the traditional Yurok way. Around the edge of a long, narrow fire pit, salmon skewered on redwood sticks form a kind of crown. Oscar Gensaw monitors the scene, wearing a T-shirt that reads: Fish Boss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622428\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622428\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the 55th Annual Yurok Salmon Festival, Oscar Gensaw cooks salmon the traditional way, on redwood skewers around a fire pit. This year, though, the tribe had to purchase salmon from Alaska. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is how we’ve always done it, generation to generation,” Gensaw says, trying to avoid getting smoke in his eye. “When you first start cooking, you get those fat rings around the fish like a ring on a tree. When the fat starts dripping out of each of those rings, I know that side is done,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gensaw grew up in Klamath and has three sons and a baby daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My main goal is to pass this on to my boys so one day I can be the ultimate fish boss, and be on the side when they cook,” he says with a laugh. But he wants to teach them with salmon caught in the Klamath -- not the fish he’s cooking with today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These come from Alaska,” he says. The tribe had to buy this salmon, the first time in festival history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal council member Joe James is hanging out by the fire pit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"G5j6gB11NCWXqqVhXtx27Jovpr52TpTv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year we thought our fishing season was really, really low,” he says. “And this year is a record one -- unfortunately on the wrong end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the tribe works with federal agencies every year to estimate the fall run and to decide how many salmon can be caught. So few chinook were expected to return to spawn this year that commercial fishing was shut down to protect them. The Yurok, a tribe of 6,000, were allowed to catch just over 600 salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those low numbers are the end result of drought, disease and a long history of habitat destruction. Yurok place much of the blame on upstream dams that have blocked salmon from ancient spawning grounds for over a century. After years of debate and struggle, four dams are set to be removed by 2020, says James.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look forward for those dams to come down to start the process of healing our rivers” -- and with it the return of the salmon and other native species, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the parade, Annelia Hillman commands the megaphone for the Klamath Justice Coalition, which chants “Undam the Klamath! Bring the salmon home!” She says tribes along the Klamath have had to fight logging, gold mining, the dams and now a proposed natural gas pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622431\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622431\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Klamath Justice Coalition in the parade at the Yurok Salmon Festival. Low numbers of chinook salmon this year are the end result of drought, disease and a long history of habitat destruction. Yurok place much of the blame on upstream dams that have blocked salmon from ancient spawning grounds for over a century. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we’re putting our water at risk like that, we’re putting life on Earth at risk,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Our People Feel the Effects'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>She says the river’s poor health and the low salmon run impacts the entire Yurok way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were created in this place to help bring balance in this river,\" she says. \"Our people are part of this system and when that balance is off, our people feel the effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she sees that in her work as a youth social worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we can’t be in our river, can’t eat our fish, it kind of takes our purpose away,\" Hillman says. \"We have one of the highest suicide rates, state of emergency for suicide, and I think that’s directly correlated to our lack of salmon and our inability to continue our way of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok have fought for years to maintain their ties to the Klamath and its salmon. In the 1960s, game wardens frequently arrested members of the tribe for gillnet fishing on the river, a practice banned by the state. One young man, Raymond Mattz, challenged the arrests. His fight went to the U.S. Supreme Court, which reaffirmed the tribe’s fishing rights -- and reservation status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His nephew, Paul Mattz Van Mechelen, runs Paul’s Famous Smoked Salmon on U.S. 101. Customers know he’s open if there’s smoke coming from the traditional fire pit in front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s my Weber, my Yurok Weber!” he jokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622432\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Van Mechelen at Paul’s Famous Smoked Salmon. The last two years, he’s had to purchase fish from native fishermen hundreds of miles away, in Oregon, instead of fishing the fall chinook run in the Klamath, 50 feet away from his shop. He says for a fishing people, the losses from not fishing are more than just financial. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Fish Blood in His Veins -- But No Salmon in the River\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>He started this shop 16 years ago after his grandmother came to him in a dream. A steady stream of customers come in to sample and buy the wild chinook salmon he prepares with flavors like garlic, lemon pepper and teriyaki. Usually, he gets his stock from the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'So who am I? I had my grandma at a young age tell me I had fish blood. I didn’t understand it. I didn’t know why. But we’re all fishing people. You got to look down where we’re from.'\u003ccite>Paul Mattz Van Mechelen\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Not the last two years, though,” he says. “I had to go to the Columbia River,” hundreds of miles away in Oregon, where he makes purchases from native fishermen there. Gas, and payment for fish, those are big expenses for a business owner who usually fishes about 50 feet from here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The losses from not fishing, they go deeper than just finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got a great niece -- she’s only 2 -- but she helped start up the boat and smiled and did all that last year,” he says. “Her auntie was 5 when she pulled in a fish. So that whole part of learning and teaching them who they are and what this river gives to them is kind of life in one way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask Van Mechelen to tell me more about that one point, that fishing is who Yurok are. He gets emotional, even stepping out of the store for a minute before answering:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So who am I? I had my grandma at a young age tell me I had fish blood,\" Van Mechelen says. \"I didn’t understand it. I didn’t know why. But we’re all fishing people. You got to look down where we’re from,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when you have fish blood but you have to stay away from fishing in hopes of keeping salmon here in the future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sad to stay next to a river and wake up and not see fish go by,\" he says. \"That’s the saddest part. It’s bad enough you dream about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Mechelen says all he can do is pray the salmon come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the Food & Environment Reporting network, a non-profit, investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>his fall, the number of chinook salmon making their way from the ocean up the Klamath River in the far northwest corner of California is the lowest on record. That’s devastating news for the Yurok tribe, which has lived along and fished the Klamath for centuries. Salmon is integral to their entire culture and way of life, essential to Yurok ceremonies, for food, and for income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cousins Erika Chavez and Jerome Nick Jr. both work for the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Department, and they’re patrolling the Klamath where the river flows into the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622284\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11622284\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010.jpg 4032w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_8010-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerome Nick Jr. checks a net set a couple of hours earlier. “No fish.” \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nick perches in the front of the boat, with Chavez at the helm as we head to the mouth of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just checking to see if there’s any tribal members fishing,” Chavez says. “Gonna head up to the bridge to see if anyone’s there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Last year we thought our fishing season was really, really low. And this year is a record one -- unfortunately on the wrong end.'\u003ccite>Joe James,\u003cbr>\nYurok tribal council member\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Yurok use gillnets. In good years and bad, the cousins do net counts, stopping by boats, measuring and weighing any fish caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Chavez and Nick are also volunteering, catching salmon for tribal elders. It’s the only fishing allowed this year. Chavez slows the boat so Nick can pull up a net they set a couple of hours ago. The verdict?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No fish,” Nick tells us, shaking his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'A Ghost Town'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The cousins are alone on the water. Nick says it’s a whole different story in a normal year, especially during commercial fishing season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Practically this whole area is nets, all the way up to the bridge,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, it’s different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622430\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622430\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27396_IMG_7979-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cousins Erika Chavez and Jerome Nick Jr., who work for the Yurok Tribal Fisheries Department, untangle nets at the mouth of the Klamath River. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a ghost town,” Chavez says, “because there’s nobody out. It’s pretty sad, but then again just knowing there’s not a lot of people out here catching them, those fish have a chance to travel up there. At least that’s my hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we get off the water, Nick says that, unlike a lot of Yurok, he didn’t grow up fishing. He moved here six years ago to get away from family drama in Oregon. Now, when he’s not working the overnight shift at Walmart, he’s on the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I work here with my cousin and she keeps me sane,” he says. “She’s my rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says learning to fish as an adult was hard at first. Then he turns to Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What year did I pull in that 50-pound salmon?” he asks. \"2011,\" she answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez says she grew up with her family camping right here for the summer. Her grandma would make fry bread, and she and her great-grandmother would watch everyone fish. Chavez started fishing when she was 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My partner was my auntie,\" Chavez recalls. \"She’s the one that taught me, and our whole bottom of our boat was filled with fish. Everyone was catching plenty for their families. It was beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rich salmon harvest means covering the basics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feeds our family,” Chavez says. “When commercial’s here, we use that money to buy our kids school clothes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez usually fishes for her grandma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get her 10 to 15 fish every year, so it’s in her freezer for the whole year,” Chavez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, Chavez says, “she’ll have to deal with deer meat or elk meat or something”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Tribal Celebration of Salmon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About five minutes away in the town of Klamath, thousands of Yurok and friends gather every August for the tribe’s Salmon Festival. There’s a parade and a stick game that looks to my untrained eye like a cross between wrestling and field hockey. Yurok men sing songs for good luck around a card game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True to the festival’s name, there’s salmon cooked in the traditional Yurok way. Around the edge of a long, narrow fire pit, salmon skewered on redwood sticks form a kind of crown. Oscar Gensaw monitors the scene, wearing a T-shirt that reads: Fish Boss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622428\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622428\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27404_IMG_7664-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the 55th Annual Yurok Salmon Festival, Oscar Gensaw cooks salmon the traditional way, on redwood skewers around a fire pit. This year, though, the tribe had to purchase salmon from Alaska. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is how we’ve always done it, generation to generation,” Gensaw says, trying to avoid getting smoke in his eye. “When you first start cooking, you get those fat rings around the fish like a ring on a tree. When the fat starts dripping out of each of those rings, I know that side is done,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gensaw grew up in Klamath and has three sons and a baby daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My main goal is to pass this on to my boys so one day I can be the ultimate fish boss, and be on the side when they cook,” he says with a laugh. But he wants to teach them with salmon caught in the Klamath -- not the fish he’s cooking with today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These come from Alaska,” he says. The tribe had to buy this salmon, the first time in festival history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribal council member Joe James is hanging out by the fire pit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year we thought our fishing season was really, really low,” he says. “And this year is a record one -- unfortunately on the wrong end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the tribe works with federal agencies every year to estimate the fall run and to decide how many salmon can be caught. So few chinook were expected to return to spawn this year that commercial fishing was shut down to protect them. The Yurok, a tribe of 6,000, were allowed to catch just over 600 salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those low numbers are the end result of drought, disease and a long history of habitat destruction. Yurok place much of the blame on upstream dams that have blocked salmon from ancient spawning grounds for over a century. After years of debate and struggle, four dams are set to be removed by 2020, says James.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look forward for those dams to come down to start the process of healing our rivers” -- and with it the return of the salmon and other native species, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the parade, Annelia Hillman commands the megaphone for the Klamath Justice Coalition, which chants “Undam the Klamath! Bring the salmon home!” She says tribes along the Klamath have had to fight logging, gold mining, the dams and now a proposed natural gas pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622431\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622431\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27406_IMG_7682-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Klamath Justice Coalition in the parade at the Yurok Salmon Festival. Low numbers of chinook salmon this year are the end result of drought, disease and a long history of habitat destruction. Yurok place much of the blame on upstream dams that have blocked salmon from ancient spawning grounds for over a century. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we’re putting our water at risk like that, we’re putting life on Earth at risk,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'Our People Feel the Effects'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>She says the river’s poor health and the low salmon run impacts the entire Yurok way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were created in this place to help bring balance in this river,\" she says. \"Our people are part of this system and when that balance is off, our people feel the effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she sees that in her work as a youth social worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we can’t be in our river, can’t eat our fish, it kind of takes our purpose away,\" Hillman says. \"We have one of the highest suicide rates, state of emergency for suicide, and I think that’s directly correlated to our lack of salmon and our inability to continue our way of life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok have fought for years to maintain their ties to the Klamath and its salmon. In the 1960s, game wardens frequently arrested members of the tribe for gillnet fishing on the river, a practice banned by the state. One young man, Raymond Mattz, challenged the arrests. His fight went to the U.S. Supreme Court, which reaffirmed the tribe’s fishing rights -- and reservation status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His nephew, Paul Mattz Van Mechelen, runs Paul’s Famous Smoked Salmon on U.S. 101. Customers know he’s open if there’s smoke coming from the traditional fire pit in front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s my Weber, my Yurok Weber!” he jokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11622432\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11622432\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27408_IMG_7976-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul Van Mechelen at Paul’s Famous Smoked Salmon. The last two years, he’s had to purchase fish from native fishermen hundreds of miles away, in Oregon, instead of fishing the fall chinook run in the Klamath, 50 feet away from his shop. He says for a fishing people, the losses from not fishing are more than just financial. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Fish Blood in His Veins -- But No Salmon in the River\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>He started this shop 16 years ago after his grandmother came to him in a dream. A steady stream of customers come in to sample and buy the wild chinook salmon he prepares with flavors like garlic, lemon pepper and teriyaki. Usually, he gets his stock from the Klamath River.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'So who am I? I had my grandma at a young age tell me I had fish blood. I didn’t understand it. I didn’t know why. But we’re all fishing people. You got to look down where we’re from.'\u003ccite>Paul Mattz Van Mechelen\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Not the last two years, though,” he says. “I had to go to the Columbia River,” hundreds of miles away in Oregon, where he makes purchases from native fishermen there. Gas, and payment for fish, those are big expenses for a business owner who usually fishes about 50 feet from here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The losses from not fishing, they go deeper than just finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got a great niece -- she’s only 2 -- but she helped start up the boat and smiled and did all that last year,” he says. “Her auntie was 5 when she pulled in a fish. So that whole part of learning and teaching them who they are and what this river gives to them is kind of life in one way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask Van Mechelen to tell me more about that one point, that fishing is who Yurok are. He gets emotional, even stepping out of the store for a minute before answering:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So who am I? I had my grandma at a young age tell me I had fish blood,\" Van Mechelen says. \"I didn’t understand it. I didn’t know why. But we’re all fishing people. You got to look down where we’re from,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when you have fish blood but you have to stay away from fishing in hopes of keeping salmon here in the future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sad to stay next to a river and wake up and not see fish go by,\" he says. \"That’s the saddest part. It’s bad enough you dream about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Mechelen says all he can do is pray the salmon come back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was produced in collaboration with the Food & Environment Reporting network, a non-profit, investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>House Republicans are trying to drastically change the way California uses water. \u003ca href=\"https://valadao.house.gov/uploadedfiles/the_grow_act_bill_text.pdf\">H.R. 23\u003c/a> would send more water to farms, and less to wildlife refuges. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-becerra-us-house-oppose-bill-requiring-california-adopt\">strongly-worded statement\u003c/a>, Attorney General Xavier Becerra pointed out that this bill would force California to adopt weaker federal water quality standards instead of the state’s tougher environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>House Republicans are trying to drastically change the way California uses water. \u003ca href=\"https://valadao.house.gov/uploadedfiles/the_grow_act_bill_text.pdf\">H.R. 23\u003c/a> would send more water to farms, and less to wildlife refuges. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-becerra-us-house-oppose-bill-requiring-california-adopt\">strongly-worded statement\u003c/a>, Attorney General Xavier Becerra pointed out that this bill would force California to adopt weaker federal water quality standards instead of the state’s tougher environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Water Wars Loom As State Plans to Boost Streamflow for Imperiled Fish",
"headTitle": "Water Wars Loom As State Plans to Boost Streamflow for Imperiled Fish | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>On the heels of of the worst drought in California history, state officials are telling water users in the San Joaquin River basin to give up a major share of their water supplies—permanently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The timing, in some ways, couldn’t be worse for farmers who struggled through the drought. On the other hand, the time is right for imperiled salmon that live in the river and its tributaries. This iconic species may not survive the next drought without more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”fBbypJgmO04AhEpifVrr0OHDv3Wdi73W”]The \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State Water Resources Control Board \u003c/a>announced in September that it plans to return the San Joaquin River to 40 percent of its “unimpaired flow.” This means the amount of water that would naturally flow through the river without existing dams and diversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, according to the water board, is to rebalance water demand on the state’s second-largest river. Policy and practice have long favored human water consumption over water quality and wildlife like Chinook salmon, a species in a steep decline for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board plans a similar process for the Sacramento River, the state’s largest river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize this is very hard to do,” said Les Grober, the water board’s deputy director for water rights. “We just have to be smarter about how water is used overall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reach the 40 percent goal on the San Joaquin River, hundreds of companies and individuals will have to give up a portion of their right to divert water from the river and three of its tributaries: the Tuolumne, Stanislaus and Merced rivers. The biggest water users are farms and irrigation districts, who use the water to grow crops like almonds, cherries, peaches, apples and tomatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1858489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1632px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1858489\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1632\" height=\"1224\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg 1632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1632px) 100vw, 1632px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Joaquin River in January 2017 after persistent winter storms. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Major municipalities will also be affected, including San Francisco, which diverts water from the Tuolumne River.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board has the legal authority to take back water rights when public trust resources, like Chinook salmon populations, are threatened. But it has rarely exercised that authority, partly because to do so requires long and painful deliberations that are likely to result in litigation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">board’s process\u003c/span>\u003c/a> is effectively a water-quality action: The board is proclaiming that streamflows aren’t sufficient to keep water temperatures cold enough for salmon survival.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In fact, the federal Clean Water Act requires the water board to review streamflows every three years to maintain healthy water quality. The state water board holds this responsibility under a custodial arrangement with the United States Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1858487\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1858487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Muddy water in the river after high flows in January 2017. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In the case of the San Joaquin River, the board is 20 years late reviewing streamflows: They have not been comprehensively updated since 1995. As part of the water quality plan it adopted that year, the water board also set a goal to double salmon populations, a target that has never been achieved.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Supporters of flow increases note that the San Joaquin River today is routinely far below the 40 percent target – sometimes near zero. In many of its reaches, the river becomes a series of stagnant pools for weeks or months at a time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The board’s ability to revise water rights in order to rebalance the system and protect public interests is very powerful,” said Doug Obegi, an attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council. “Significantly more water is going to be required to achieve the salmon doubling goal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board acknowledges that the 40 percent goal is a compromise. Recent studies have shown salmon actually need 60 percent, including a 2013 \u003cspan class=\"s2\">“\u003c/span>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/deltaflow/final_rpt.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">flow criteria” report\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by the board itself, and analysis that same year by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Grober said 40 percent acknowledges that river flows must continue serving multiple purposes in the 21st century. So it has called for a range of 30–50 percent of unimpaired flow, with 40 percent as an interim target.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“If you were only considering protection of fish, you’d of course be at the upper end of that range,” Grober said. “The measure isn’t adopting an objective that provides absolute protection, but what is the number that reasonably protects fish and wildlife.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To those who have to give up water, however, the number isn’t reasonable at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It will have enormous economic consequences,” said Jake Wenger, general manager of Modesto Irrigation District. “During a dry year, we would essentially have no water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger’s district serves about 100,000 acres of farmland with water diverted from the Tuolumne River. It stores much of that water in Don Pedro Reservoir, which it owns jointly with Turlock Irrigation District and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board has received more than 20,000 comment letters from supporters and opponents of the flow increase measure. While many of these are form letters generated by interest groups, Grober said “thousands” are unique letters sent by individuals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board staff is in the process of reviewing all these comments, and will then prepare a revised proposal for the board to vote on by the end of this year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Modesto and Turlock irrigation districts estimate the streamflow revisions could cost their region $\u003cspan class=\"caps\">1.6\u003c/span> billion in economic output. They launched a website, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://worthyourfight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">WorthYourFight.org\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, to rally support for their cause.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger is critical of the state’s proposal, he said, because it requires the 40 percent unimpaired flow target to be met continuously between February and June of every year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“That means you’re putting a lot of water downstream when fish are not present,” he said. “Whereas the state’s plan is sort of a shotgun approach, we’re proposing a sniper approach.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger says his district is willing to give up some water for what he calls “functional flows.” This means releasing water for instream habitat when monitoring shows salmon are actually present in the river. This ensures the water will be there when fish need it for migrating and spawning, and won’t require farmers and others to give up so much water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission supports this approach, as well. The agency delivers water not just to San Franciscans, but also as a wholesaler to several other Bay Area cities. This water comes from Sierra snowmelt in the Tuolumne River that is stored in Hetch Hetchy and Don Pedro reservoirs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Steve Ritchie, the commission’s assistant general manager for water, said the hit to his agency could be even worse than the water board has estimated because of contract language between San Francisco and the Turlock and Modesto Irrigation districts. The contract, which involves their partnership to operate Don Pedro Reservoir, may require San Francisco to absorb 52 percent of any required streamflow increases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a result, Ritchie said San Francisco could be required to build 900,000 acre-feet of new water storage to make up for the proposed streamflow losses. To put that in perspective, 900,000 acre-feet is nearly triple the capacity of its existing Hetch Hetchy Reservoir.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It could also require the city to impose conservation measures “that we just wouldn’t be able to achieve,” Ritchie said. That’s because San Franciscans are already the state’s water conservation leaders. Their daily water consumption during the drought fell to just 41 gallons per person, the lowest in the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“How low can you go when you are the lowest? It’s a real issue when you are already that efficient,” Ritchie said. “We would have to generate some new water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">San Francisco says “functional flows” would ease the pain by ordering more water only when and where needed, not all the time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We know we have to give up some water,” Ritchie said. “But the state board proposal really doesn’t work for us.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Grober counters that the state’s proposal accomplishes something similar. By phrasing the flow increases as a percentage of unimpaired flow, it is naturally flexible. Water users would be required to give up a percentage that varies according to the season and according to the presence or absence of drought.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Obegi, the environmental attorney, notes that continuous flow increases over a period of months is important because more than salmon need that water. More flow boosts the food chain, helping to breed aquatic insects that salmon and other species depend on, and it sustains plants that create vital riparian shade in the scorching San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Rather than prescribing specific flows for all different times and places, it’s really providing a budget of water – an account of water that can be used to best provide the benefits to fish and wildlife,” Grober said. “We’re not locked into a set flow objective.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Adjusting water rights in the traditional manner requires the board to start a complicated adjudication process. This is similar to a court proceeding in which the board functions like a panel of judges, hearing testimony as water users summon witnesses.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It is tedious and time consuming: Resolving all the water rights to increase streamflow could take years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In hopes of a faster result, Grober said the state is “vigorously” encouraging water users to offer settlements as an alternative to simply taking back water rights.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A settlement would make streamflow improvements happen much faster. Water users would voluntarily enter into a binding agreement to give up some lesser amount of water in addition to making other habitat improvements, such as controlling invasive species and restoring streambed spawning gravels.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To push the process along, the state brought in a high-powered mediator: Bruce Babbitt, the former \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.S.\u003c/span> Interior Department secretary under President Clinton. Babbitt has been holding a series of closed-door meetings among the parties in hopes of reaching settlements between water users, environmental groups and state officials.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Participants were required to sign a confidentiality agreement, so little information is available about how the talks are proceeding. But word is that the parties remain far apart.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Some environmental groups, for example, view the state’s 40 percent unimpaired flow target as a starting point, and they want to see an even higher number in any negotiated settlement. Water users, of course, want less than 40 percent – a lot less, in some cases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If they can’t reach a settlement, the water board is expected to adopt a new flow requirement by the end of this year. Then it would move into an adjudication process to actually begin amending water rights to make the flow increases happen.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This is likely to bring separate lawsuits from water users, which would further delay any streamflow improvements.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Essentially, you have this piano hanging over your head with someone waiting to cut the string,” said Wenger. “We have a lot of hope that we can move these settlement talks along.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/07/17/battle-looms-as-california-moves-to-dedicate-more-water-to-fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about water in California, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The state plans to boost streamflows in the troubled San Joaquin River by amending hundreds of water rights. It hopes settlement deals will avoid a showdown, but will they produce enough water to help imperiled salmon?",
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"description": "The state plans to boost streamflows in the troubled San Joaquin River by amending hundreds of water rights. It hopes settlement deals will avoid a showdown, but will they produce enough water to help imperiled salmon?",
"title": "Water Wars Loom As State Plans to Boost Streamflow for Imperiled Fish | KQED",
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"headline": "Water Wars Loom As State Plans to Boost Streamflow for Imperiled Fish",
"datePublished": "2017-07-18T12:56:40-07:00",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/contributor/matt-weiser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Matt Weiser\u003c/a>\u003c/br>Water Deeply",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the heels of of the worst drought in California history, state officials are telling water users in the San Joaquin River basin to give up a major share of their water supplies—permanently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The timing, in some ways, couldn’t be worse for farmers who struggled through the drought. On the other hand, the time is right for imperiled salmon that live in the river and its tributaries. This iconic species may not survive the next drought without more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State Water Resources Control Board \u003c/a>announced in September that it plans to return the San Joaquin River to 40 percent of its “unimpaired flow.” This means the amount of water that would naturally flow through the river without existing dams and diversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, according to the water board, is to rebalance water demand on the state’s second-largest river. Policy and practice have long favored human water consumption over water quality and wildlife like Chinook salmon, a species in a steep decline for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board plans a similar process for the Sacramento River, the state’s largest river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize this is very hard to do,” said Les Grober, the water board’s deputy director for water rights. “We just have to be smarter about how water is used overall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reach the 40 percent goal on the San Joaquin River, hundreds of companies and individuals will have to give up a portion of their right to divert water from the river and three of its tributaries: the Tuolumne, Stanislaus and Merced rivers. The biggest water users are farms and irrigation districts, who use the water to grow crops like almonds, cherries, peaches, apples and tomatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1858489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1632px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1858489\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1632\" height=\"1224\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg 1632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1632px) 100vw, 1632px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Joaquin River in January 2017 after persistent winter storms. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Major municipalities will also be affected, including San Francisco, which diverts water from the Tuolumne River.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board has the legal authority to take back water rights when public trust resources, like Chinook salmon populations, are threatened. But it has rarely exercised that authority, partly because to do so requires long and painful deliberations that are likely to result in litigation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">board’s process\u003c/span>\u003c/a> is effectively a water-quality action: The board is proclaiming that streamflows aren’t sufficient to keep water temperatures cold enough for salmon survival.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In fact, the federal Clean Water Act requires the water board to review streamflows every three years to maintain healthy water quality. The state water board holds this responsibility under a custodial arrangement with the United States Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1858487\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1858487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Muddy water in the river after high flows in January 2017. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In the case of the San Joaquin River, the board is 20 years late reviewing streamflows: They have not been comprehensively updated since 1995. As part of the water quality plan it adopted that year, the water board also set a goal to double salmon populations, a target that has never been achieved.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Supporters of flow increases note that the San Joaquin River today is routinely far below the 40 percent target – sometimes near zero. In many of its reaches, the river becomes a series of stagnant pools for weeks or months at a time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The board’s ability to revise water rights in order to rebalance the system and protect public interests is very powerful,” said Doug Obegi, an attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council. “Significantly more water is going to be required to achieve the salmon doubling goal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board acknowledges that the 40 percent goal is a compromise. Recent studies have shown salmon actually need 60 percent, including a 2013 \u003cspan class=\"s2\">“\u003c/span>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/deltaflow/final_rpt.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">flow criteria” report\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by the board itself, and analysis that same year by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Grober said 40 percent acknowledges that river flows must continue serving multiple purposes in the 21st century. So it has called for a range of 30–50 percent of unimpaired flow, with 40 percent as an interim target.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“If you were only considering protection of fish, you’d of course be at the upper end of that range,” Grober said. “The measure isn’t adopting an objective that provides absolute protection, but what is the number that reasonably protects fish and wildlife.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To those who have to give up water, however, the number isn’t reasonable at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It will have enormous economic consequences,” said Jake Wenger, general manager of Modesto Irrigation District. “During a dry year, we would essentially have no water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger’s district serves about 100,000 acres of farmland with water diverted from the Tuolumne River. It stores much of that water in Don Pedro Reservoir, which it owns jointly with Turlock Irrigation District and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board has received more than 20,000 comment letters from supporters and opponents of the flow increase measure. While many of these are form letters generated by interest groups, Grober said “thousands” are unique letters sent by individuals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board staff is in the process of reviewing all these comments, and will then prepare a revised proposal for the board to vote on by the end of this year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Modesto and Turlock irrigation districts estimate the streamflow revisions could cost their region $\u003cspan class=\"caps\">1.6\u003c/span> billion in economic output. They launched a website, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://worthyourfight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">WorthYourFight.org\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, to rally support for their cause.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger is critical of the state’s proposal, he said, because it requires the 40 percent unimpaired flow target to be met continuously between February and June of every year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“That means you’re putting a lot of water downstream when fish are not present,” he said. “Whereas the state’s plan is sort of a shotgun approach, we’re proposing a sniper approach.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger says his district is willing to give up some water for what he calls “functional flows.” This means releasing water for instream habitat when monitoring shows salmon are actually present in the river. This ensures the water will be there when fish need it for migrating and spawning, and won’t require farmers and others to give up so much water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission supports this approach, as well. The agency delivers water not just to San Franciscans, but also as a wholesaler to several other Bay Area cities. This water comes from Sierra snowmelt in the Tuolumne River that is stored in Hetch Hetchy and Don Pedro reservoirs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Steve Ritchie, the commission’s assistant general manager for water, said the hit to his agency could be even worse than the water board has estimated because of contract language between San Francisco and the Turlock and Modesto Irrigation districts. The contract, which involves their partnership to operate Don Pedro Reservoir, may require San Francisco to absorb 52 percent of any required streamflow increases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a result, Ritchie said San Francisco could be required to build 900,000 acre-feet of new water storage to make up for the proposed streamflow losses. To put that in perspective, 900,000 acre-feet is nearly triple the capacity of its existing Hetch Hetchy Reservoir.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It could also require the city to impose conservation measures “that we just wouldn’t be able to achieve,” Ritchie said. That’s because San Franciscans are already the state’s water conservation leaders. Their daily water consumption during the drought fell to just 41 gallons per person, the lowest in the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“How low can you go when you are the lowest? It’s a real issue when you are already that efficient,” Ritchie said. “We would have to generate some new water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">San Francisco says “functional flows” would ease the pain by ordering more water only when and where needed, not all the time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We know we have to give up some water,” Ritchie said. “But the state board proposal really doesn’t work for us.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Grober counters that the state’s proposal accomplishes something similar. By phrasing the flow increases as a percentage of unimpaired flow, it is naturally flexible. Water users would be required to give up a percentage that varies according to the season and according to the presence or absence of drought.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Obegi, the environmental attorney, notes that continuous flow increases over a period of months is important because more than salmon need that water. More flow boosts the food chain, helping to breed aquatic insects that salmon and other species depend on, and it sustains plants that create vital riparian shade in the scorching San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Rather than prescribing specific flows for all different times and places, it’s really providing a budget of water – an account of water that can be used to best provide the benefits to fish and wildlife,” Grober said. “We’re not locked into a set flow objective.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Adjusting water rights in the traditional manner requires the board to start a complicated adjudication process. This is similar to a court proceeding in which the board functions like a panel of judges, hearing testimony as water users summon witnesses.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It is tedious and time consuming: Resolving all the water rights to increase streamflow could take years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In hopes of a faster result, Grober said the state is “vigorously” encouraging water users to offer settlements as an alternative to simply taking back water rights.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A settlement would make streamflow improvements happen much faster. Water users would voluntarily enter into a binding agreement to give up some lesser amount of water in addition to making other habitat improvements, such as controlling invasive species and restoring streambed spawning gravels.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To push the process along, the state brought in a high-powered mediator: Bruce Babbitt, the former \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.S.\u003c/span> Interior Department secretary under President Clinton. Babbitt has been holding a series of closed-door meetings among the parties in hopes of reaching settlements between water users, environmental groups and state officials.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Participants were required to sign a confidentiality agreement, so little information is available about how the talks are proceeding. But word is that the parties remain far apart.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Some environmental groups, for example, view the state’s 40 percent unimpaired flow target as a starting point, and they want to see an even higher number in any negotiated settlement. Water users, of course, want less than 40 percent – a lot less, in some cases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If they can’t reach a settlement, the water board is expected to adopt a new flow requirement by the end of this year. Then it would move into an adjudication process to actually begin amending water rights to make the flow increases happen.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This is likely to bring separate lawsuits from water users, which would further delay any streamflow improvements.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Essentially, you have this piano hanging over your head with someone waiting to cut the string,” said Wenger. “We have a lot of hope that we can move these settlement talks along.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/07/17/battle-looms-as-california-moves-to-dedicate-more-water-to-fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about water in California, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Most of California’s Salmon and Trout Could be Extinct in 100 Years, Report Says",
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"content": "\u003cp>Conservation groups, fishing organizations and biologists have been working tirelessly for decades to protect California’s trout and salmon. They have restored floodplains where juveniles find food and shelter, are arranging to remove obstructive dams from the Klamath River and are constantly badgering water agencies to maintain suitable flows in important spawning streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new report released Tuesday suggests their efforts may be largely for naught. Three-fourths of California’s native species and subspecies of salmonids may be extinct within 100 years, according to biologists at UC Davis and the watershed advocacy group California Trout. In their study, “\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://caltrout.org/sos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">State of the Salmonids \u003cspan class=\"caps\">II\u003c/span>: Fish in Hot Water\u003c/a>,” the authors warned that climate change impacts and the severe degradation of habitat of wild rivers that continues to this day could extinguish almost half of California’s 32 types of native salmon and trout within 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maintaining populations of wild salmon and trout is important since it essentially requires maintaining healthy sources of clean, cold water, which is good for much more than just fish. “Resilient fish populations indicate healthy waters, important for drinking water, agriculture, commerce and the health of people and the environments in which we live,” the report notes. “Declining fish populations indicate degraded waters, which threaten the health and economic well-being of all Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to the report, the most threatened of California’s native salmonids are the southern steelhead, the winter-run Sacramento River Chinook salmon and the Central California coho salmon. The bull trout, last seen in California in the McCloud River in 1975, is already locally extinct. The coastal rainbow trout, the biologists said, may be California’s only native salmonid to survive for the long haul in any abundance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists wrote that agricultural demands for river water, population growth and alteration of the San Francisco Bay and Delta ecosystem are major factors affecting salmonids’ long-term survival odds. Fish hatcheries that boost catchable numbers of salmon and steelhead but dilute native species’ gene pools are also problematic. Wildfires, which are getting bigger and more frequent, also pose a threat to mountain trout populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No single stressor, however, is likely to outweigh the broad and devastating impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the major, overarching anthropogenic threat affecting salmonids in California,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages, from fertilized egg to spawning adult. This makes rising temperatures especially worrisome. Because mountain snowpack will melt earlier and faster each year under warmer conditions, streams may swell more rapidly to flood stages in the spring, then quickly diminish again in the hot, dry summer months – precisely when certain runs of fish need cold water the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming trends could also upend wind and current cycles that drive ocean upwelling, which brings nutrients to the surface and provides food for salmon. Even sea level rise, caused by the melting of polar ice caps, will impact salmon by submerging valuable marshland and lagoons where young fish find shelter and food, the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the authors said there is hope for preserving fish populations. Curtis Knight, executive director of California Trout, said at a press conference Tuesday that restoring mountain meadows could be one effective strategy for keeping spawning streams flowing all year. That’s because meadows can absorb water like giant sponges and release it slowly into creeks through the dry summer months – a service currently provided by summer snowpack but which is threatened by global warming. [contextly_sidebar id=”e2GY1Y97n10ptpmylbto1I9omPPwLiJt”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also recommended restoring floodplains alongside rivers. Research by California Trout has demonstrated that flooding seasonal cropland in the Sacramento Valley can significantly improve survival rates of juvenile Chinook salmon born far upstream. Inundated floodplains provide young fish with abundant food as well as refuge from predators and deadly irrigation pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Report coauthor Peter Moyle, a biologist with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis’s Center for Watershed Sciences, wrote in a foreword to the study that preserving salmon and trout in California will make waves far beyond the state’s own waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[W]hat we Californians do to enhance the resilience of our native fishes is likely to set examples for the rest of the world,” Moyle wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Knight said that keeping cold water flowing through a natural stream channel – the basic conditions that trout and salmon need – shouldn’t be a terribly difficult task in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“We’re the innovators, the pioneers, one of the most important food-producing regions in the world, and the leaders in technology,” he wrote. “What would the loss of our native fish mean for who we are?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cem>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find the original \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/05/17/report-extinction-looming-for-most-of-californias-salmon-and-trout\">here\u003c/a>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003ca href=\"http://nwsdp.ly/waterlist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sign up to the Water Deeply email list\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Climate change is the single biggest threat to native salmonids in California, according to a new study from California Trout and the University of California, Davis.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Conservation groups, fishing organizations and biologists have been working tirelessly for decades to protect California’s trout and salmon. They have restored floodplains where juveniles find food and shelter, are arranging to remove obstructive dams from the Klamath River and are constantly badgering water agencies to maintain suitable flows in important spawning streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new report released Tuesday suggests their efforts may be largely for naught. Three-fourths of California’s native species and subspecies of salmonids may be extinct within 100 years, according to biologists at UC Davis and the watershed advocacy group California Trout. In their study, “\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://caltrout.org/sos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">State of the Salmonids \u003cspan class=\"caps\">II\u003c/span>: Fish in Hot Water\u003c/a>,” the authors warned that climate change impacts and the severe degradation of habitat of wild rivers that continues to this day could extinguish almost half of California’s 32 types of native salmon and trout within 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maintaining populations of wild salmon and trout is important since it essentially requires maintaining healthy sources of clean, cold water, which is good for much more than just fish. “Resilient fish populations indicate healthy waters, important for drinking water, agriculture, commerce and the health of people and the environments in which we live,” the report notes. “Declining fish populations indicate degraded waters, which threaten the health and economic well-being of all Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to the report, the most threatened of California’s native salmonids are the southern steelhead, the winter-run Sacramento River Chinook salmon and the Central California coho salmon. The bull trout, last seen in California in the McCloud River in 1975, is already locally extinct. The coastal rainbow trout, the biologists said, may be California’s only native salmonid to survive for the long haul in any abundance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists wrote that agricultural demands for river water, population growth and alteration of the San Francisco Bay and Delta ecosystem are major factors affecting salmonids’ long-term survival odds. Fish hatcheries that boost catchable numbers of salmon and steelhead but dilute native species’ gene pools are also problematic. Wildfires, which are getting bigger and more frequent, also pose a threat to mountain trout populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No single stressor, however, is likely to outweigh the broad and devastating impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the major, overarching anthropogenic threat affecting salmonids in California,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages, from fertilized egg to spawning adult. This makes rising temperatures especially worrisome. Because mountain snowpack will melt earlier and faster each year under warmer conditions, streams may swell more rapidly to flood stages in the spring, then quickly diminish again in the hot, dry summer months – precisely when certain runs of fish need cold water the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming trends could also upend wind and current cycles that drive ocean upwelling, which brings nutrients to the surface and provides food for salmon. Even sea level rise, caused by the melting of polar ice caps, will impact salmon by submerging valuable marshland and lagoons where young fish find shelter and food, the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the authors said there is hope for preserving fish populations. Curtis Knight, executive director of California Trout, said at a press conference Tuesday that restoring mountain meadows could be one effective strategy for keeping spawning streams flowing all year. That’s because meadows can absorb water like giant sponges and release it slowly into creeks through the dry summer months – a service currently provided by summer snowpack but which is threatened by global warming. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also recommended restoring floodplains alongside rivers. Research by California Trout has demonstrated that flooding seasonal cropland in the Sacramento Valley can significantly improve survival rates of juvenile Chinook salmon born far upstream. Inundated floodplains provide young fish with abundant food as well as refuge from predators and deadly irrigation pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Report coauthor Peter Moyle, a biologist with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis’s Center for Watershed Sciences, wrote in a foreword to the study that preserving salmon and trout in California will make waves far beyond the state’s own waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[W]hat we Californians do to enhance the resilience of our native fishes is likely to set examples for the rest of the world,” Moyle wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Knight said that keeping cold water flowing through a natural stream channel – the basic conditions that trout and salmon need – shouldn’t be a terribly difficult task in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“We’re the innovators, the pioneers, one of the most important food-producing regions in the world, and the leaders in technology,” he wrote. “What would the loss of our native fish mean for who we are?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cem>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find the original \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/05/17/report-extinction-looming-for-most-of-californias-salmon-and-trout\">here\u003c/a>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003ca href=\"http://nwsdp.ly/waterlist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sign up to the Water Deeply email list\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "trump-appoints-valley-water-districts-lobbyist-to-interior-department-post",
"title": "Trump Appoints Valley Water District's Lobbyist to Interior Department Post",
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"headTitle": "Trump Appoints Valley Water District’s Lobbyist to Interior Department Post | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/04/28/president-donald-j-trump-announces-key-additions-his-administration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appointed David Bernhardt\u003c/a>, until late last year a lobbyist and attorney for the San Joaquin Valley’s powerful Westlands Water District, to a top post in the Department of the Interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the agencies Bernhardt will have a role in overseeing is the Bureau of Reclamation, which operates the federal Central Valley Project — a key source of water for much of California agriculture, including Westlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday’s appointment, which was signaled in November when Bernhardt was appointed part of Trump’s transition team, has been met with uniform dismay by California conservationists and fishing interests who have fought a generations-long battle over restoring habitat and environmental water supplies throughout the Sacramento-San Joaquin watersheds, including the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mcclatchydc.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McClatchyDC\u003c/a>, the Washington, D.C., outlet for Sacramento-based McClatchy newspapers, has a long piece on Bernhardt’s appointment: \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/news/politics-government/article147372499.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Lobbyist who once sued Interior named to be department’s No. 2 official\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClatchy’s Stuart Leavenworth writes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>If confirmed by the Senate, Bernhardt will be in a position to influence upcoming decisions that could benefit his former client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under an executive order signed by President Trump, appointees such as Bernhardt are required to recuse themselves from matters involving former clients, although in the past, waivers have been granted for people in his situation. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernhardt’s nomination, however, is already drawing fire from critics who note that Trump, as a candidate, promised to “drain the swamp” of lobbyist influence over the White House and Congress. As president, Trump has placed lobbyists in key positions of his transition and administration, and adopted ethics rules looser than those of the Obama administration for incoming appointees.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>McClatchy notes that Rep. Jared Huffman, D-San Rafael, offered especially pointed criticism:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Bernhardt is a walking conflict of interest. He should absolutely have to recuse himself from anything having to do with Westlands Water District. That is the most obvious of ethical fault lines here.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Ally Praises Appointment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the aisle, Rep. David Valadao, R-Hanford, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepDavidValadao/status/857982432653578241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">praised Bernhardt\u003c/a> as a dedicated public servant with the knowledge and expertise to effectively serve in the Interior Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valadao is chief sponsor of \u003ca href=\"https://naturalresources.house.gov/uploadedfiles/mu_memo_--_hr_1769_04.26.17__04.27.17_2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HR 1769\u003c/a>, a bill that would formalize a settlement in a long-running dispute between Westlands and the federal government over what to do about \u003ca href=\"http://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia/kesterson-reservoir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">toxic drainage water\u003c/a> resulting from irrigation of some of the district’s farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other provisions, Westlands agreed to dismiss a lawsuit — filed in 2011 by Bernhardt — that sought to force the feds to make good on a commitment to build a multibillion-dollar system to dispose of the poisoned water. In return, the government agreed to forgive the district’s $375 million debt for construction of Central Valley Project facilities and granted it long-term access to project water on the same basis as other districts that have paid their CVP debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Natural Resources Committee \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/article147156219.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved the settlement\u003c/a> Thursday, rejecting an amendment from Huffman that would have barred former Westlands officials or lobbyists — meaning Bernhardt — from working on the drainage issue for five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valadao and Westlands — the water district is still represented by Bernhardt’s former firm — are also allied in an effort to end court-ordered restrictions on water deliveries to the San Joaquin Valley designed to protect salmon, Delta smelt and other species. Valadao’s sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/115/bills/hr23/BILLS-115hr23ih.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HR 23\u003c/a> also seeks to require increased water deliveries to the valley and would repeal an agreement, decades in the making, to restore chinook salmon to the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Environmental Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups on Friday said they oppose Bernhardt both for his lobbying on behalf of oil, gas, mining and agricultural interests — he put in two stints for a Denver-based firm sandwiched around a term as counselor and solicitor for the George W. Bush Interior Department — and for the ethical questions they say his nomination raises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Brett Hartl, government affairs director at the Center for Biological Diversity, said, “Appointing a lobbyist like Bernhardt shows just how empty Donald Trump’s promise to drain the swamp was. From [EPA chief] Scott Pruitt to [Secretary of the Interior] Ryan Zinke, and now David Bernhardt, President Trump has assembled the most anti-environmental administration in history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden Gate Salmon Association, a San Francisco-based group representing commercial fishermen and recreational anglers, noted that Bernhardt represented Westlands in \u003ca href=\"https://www.leagle.com/decision/In%20FCO%2020141222197/SAN%20LUIS%20&%20DELTA-MENDOTA%20WATER%20AUTHORITY%20v.%20LOCKE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a lawsuit\u003c/a> that sought to undo court-imposed protections for endangered salmon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mr. Bernhardt and Westlands have spent the past decade attacking salmon protections and, by extension, the tens of thousands of California fishing jobs tied to salmon,” said John McManus, the association’s executive director, in a statement. “It strains credibility to suggest that Mr. Bernhardt would refrain from occupying himself with key departmental decisions that he has spent the last decade working to influence. In fact, those seeking his appointment are almost certainly counting on him to weigh in on their behalf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernhardt’s nomination requires Senate approval. With Republicans holding a 52-48 edge in the upper house, confirmation is likely a formality.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/04/28/president-donald-j-trump-announces-key-additions-his-administration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appointed David Bernhardt\u003c/a>, until late last year a lobbyist and attorney for the San Joaquin Valley’s powerful Westlands Water District, to a top post in the Department of the Interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the agencies Bernhardt will have a role in overseeing is the Bureau of Reclamation, which operates the federal Central Valley Project — a key source of water for much of California agriculture, including Westlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday’s appointment, which was signaled in November when Bernhardt was appointed part of Trump’s transition team, has been met with uniform dismay by California conservationists and fishing interests who have fought a generations-long battle over restoring habitat and environmental water supplies throughout the Sacramento-San Joaquin watersheds, including the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mcclatchydc.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">McClatchyDC\u003c/a>, the Washington, D.C., outlet for Sacramento-based McClatchy newspapers, has a long piece on Bernhardt’s appointment: \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/news/politics-government/article147372499.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Lobbyist who once sued Interior named to be department’s No. 2 official\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClatchy’s Stuart Leavenworth writes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>If confirmed by the Senate, Bernhardt will be in a position to influence upcoming decisions that could benefit his former client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under an executive order signed by President Trump, appointees such as Bernhardt are required to recuse themselves from matters involving former clients, although in the past, waivers have been granted for people in his situation. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernhardt’s nomination, however, is already drawing fire from critics who note that Trump, as a candidate, promised to “drain the swamp” of lobbyist influence over the White House and Congress. As president, Trump has placed lobbyists in key positions of his transition and administration, and adopted ethics rules looser than those of the Obama administration for incoming appointees.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>McClatchy notes that Rep. Jared Huffman, D-San Rafael, offered especially pointed criticism:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Bernhardt is a walking conflict of interest. He should absolutely have to recuse himself from anything having to do with Westlands Water District. That is the most obvious of ethical fault lines here.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Ally Praises Appointment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the aisle, Rep. David Valadao, R-Hanford, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepDavidValadao/status/857982432653578241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">praised Bernhardt\u003c/a> as a dedicated public servant with the knowledge and expertise to effectively serve in the Interior Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valadao is chief sponsor of \u003ca href=\"https://naturalresources.house.gov/uploadedfiles/mu_memo_--_hr_1769_04.26.17__04.27.17_2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HR 1769\u003c/a>, a bill that would formalize a settlement in a long-running dispute between Westlands and the federal government over what to do about \u003ca href=\"http://www.watereducation.org/aquapedia/kesterson-reservoir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">toxic drainage water\u003c/a> resulting from irrigation of some of the district’s farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other provisions, Westlands agreed to dismiss a lawsuit — filed in 2011 by Bernhardt — that sought to force the feds to make good on a commitment to build a multibillion-dollar system to dispose of the poisoned water. In return, the government agreed to forgive the district’s $375 million debt for construction of Central Valley Project facilities and granted it long-term access to project water on the same basis as other districts that have paid their CVP debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Natural Resources Committee \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/article147156219.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved the settlement\u003c/a> Thursday, rejecting an amendment from Huffman that would have barred former Westlands officials or lobbyists — meaning Bernhardt — from working on the drainage issue for five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valadao and Westlands — the water district is still represented by Bernhardt’s former firm — are also allied in an effort to end court-ordered restrictions on water deliveries to the San Joaquin Valley designed to protect salmon, Delta smelt and other species. Valadao’s sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/115/bills/hr23/BILLS-115hr23ih.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HR 23\u003c/a> also seeks to require increased water deliveries to the valley and would repeal an agreement, decades in the making, to restore chinook salmon to the San Joaquin River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Environmental Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups on Friday said they oppose Bernhardt both for his lobbying on behalf of oil, gas, mining and agricultural interests — he put in two stints for a Denver-based firm sandwiched around a term as counselor and solicitor for the George W. Bush Interior Department — and for the ethical questions they say his nomination raises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Brett Hartl, government affairs director at the Center for Biological Diversity, said, “Appointing a lobbyist like Bernhardt shows just how empty Donald Trump’s promise to drain the swamp was. From [EPA chief] Scott Pruitt to [Secretary of the Interior] Ryan Zinke, and now David Bernhardt, President Trump has assembled the most anti-environmental administration in history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden Gate Salmon Association, a San Francisco-based group representing commercial fishermen and recreational anglers, noted that Bernhardt represented Westlands in \u003ca href=\"https://www.leagle.com/decision/In%20FCO%2020141222197/SAN%20LUIS%20&%20DELTA-MENDOTA%20WATER%20AUTHORITY%20v.%20LOCKE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a lawsuit\u003c/a> that sought to undo court-imposed protections for endangered salmon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mr. Bernhardt and Westlands have spent the past decade attacking salmon protections and, by extension, the tens of thousands of California fishing jobs tied to salmon,” said John McManus, the association’s executive director, in a statement. “It strains credibility to suggest that Mr. Bernhardt would refrain from occupying himself with key departmental decisions that he has spent the last decade working to influence. In fact, those seeking his appointment are almost certainly counting on him to weigh in on their behalf.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernhardt’s nomination requires Senate approval. With Republicans holding a 52-48 edge in the upper house, confirmation is likely a formality.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Grim Forecast for Klamath River Salmon Worries Tribes and Fishing Fleet",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s looking like another \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/14/california-2017-salmon-season-klamath-sacramento-chinook/\">bleak season ahead\u003c/a> for Northern California salmon –- especially for the fall run of chinook on the Klamath River. Fishery managers are meeting in Sacramento until early next week to decide on final rules for this season’s catch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial fishing operators and native tribes along the Klamath say severe limits on the harvest, to be imposed because of forecasts that a record low number of Klamath will return to spawn, will be devastating. The total number of adult Klamath fall-run chinook in the Pacific is estimated at just over 50,000. About 11,000 or 12,000 are expected to return to spawn this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The low number of Klamath chinook can be traced to several causes, among them: low flows on the river system due to drought, the prevalence of a deadly parasite that infected up to 90 percent of juvenile salmon in the river, and warm ocean conditions that reduced the fish's usual food sources. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/04/2017-04-07e-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/15540307821_00ea9ff47f_o-e1415061046531.jpg\" Title=\"A Grim Forecast for Klamath River Salmon Worries Tribes and Fishing Fleet\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council, which regulates commercial and recreational fishing of West Coast fish stocks, will choose among\u003ca href=\"http://www.pcouncil.org/2017/03/46882/pacific-fishery-management-council-chooses-options-for-2017-salmon-season/\" target=\"_blank\"> a set of alternatives\u003c/a> that aim to limit the total harvest of Klamath chinook to no more than 1,600 fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Half that take -- just 800 -- would be designated for the thousands of native tribe members along river. Typically, 80 percent of the harvest is allocated to members of the Yurok tribe; 20 percent go to the Hoopa tribe on the Trinity River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the 6,100 \u003ca href=\"http://www.yuroktribe.org/\">Yurok\u003c/a> received 5,800 salmon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yurok lawyer and tribal member Amy Cordalis said this week that fish and fishing culture have long sustained the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even when the fish aren’t running we are prepping our gear, we are talking about fishing, we are eating our canned salmon ... and then when the fish arrive, we all gather down at the Klamath River to be there, to harvest,\" Cordalis said. \"That great sense of gathering around the fish, around the salmon run, will not be there. And for us that means our very social fabric is falling apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those outside the tribes who fish for a living also face a tough season. Commercial salmon fishing in the Klamath Management Zone, along the coast from Mendocino County town of Point Arena into southern Oregon, is likely to be shut down entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Noah Oppenheim, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://pcffa.org/\">Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations\u003c/a>, says the economic impacts will ripple over North Coast ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That means fishermen are going to be selling their boats. That means they’re going to be defaulting on loans,” Oppenheim said. “We need to solve this problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes and fishermen are seeking disaster relief from the state and the federal government. And Cordalis says water managers should take fish shortages more seriously right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By using science, by using data, by updating the river’s operating system, we can find a way to make our communities up and down the river sustainable,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Oppenheim points to water quality and quantity issues as a key area of focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that agencies can’t invent fish but we know agencies are very good at inventing water,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some relief -- both natural and judicial -- could aid the fish in the short run. This season's heavy rains will help river conditions, and a judge's decision in February means federal water managers will be required to follow a new regime of releasing flows to aid the Klamath's threatened coho salmon; those measures should benefit chinook as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the biggest change could come in three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owner of four hydroelectric dams on the Klamath \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/27/will-the-klamath-river-be-renewed-owner-applies-to-remove-4-of-5-dams/\">has applied\u003c/a> to remove them by 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/22/will-removing-klamath-dams-lead-to-a-salmon-revival/\">which may improve the river’s flow year-round\u003c/a>, nurturing future salmon runs. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is considering PacifiCorp’s application now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish advocates say they’re hopeful, because that plan is still on track.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s looking like another \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/14/california-2017-salmon-season-klamath-sacramento-chinook/\">bleak season ahead\u003c/a> for Northern California salmon –- especially for the fall run of chinook on the Klamath River. Fishery managers are meeting in Sacramento until early next week to decide on final rules for this season’s catch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commercial fishing operators and native tribes along the Klamath say severe limits on the harvest, to be imposed because of forecasts that a record low number of Klamath will return to spawn, will be devastating. The total number of adult Klamath fall-run chinook in the Pacific is estimated at just over 50,000. About 11,000 or 12,000 are expected to return to spawn this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The low number of Klamath chinook can be traced to several causes, among them: low flows on the river system due to drought, the prevalence of a deadly parasite that infected up to 90 percent of juvenile salmon in the river, and warm ocean conditions that reduced the fish's usual food sources. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Fishery Management Council, which regulates commercial and recreational fishing of West Coast fish stocks, will choose among\u003ca href=\"http://www.pcouncil.org/2017/03/46882/pacific-fishery-management-council-chooses-options-for-2017-salmon-season/\" target=\"_blank\"> a set of alternatives\u003c/a> that aim to limit the total harvest of Klamath chinook to no more than 1,600 fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Half that take -- just 800 -- would be designated for the thousands of native tribe members along river. Typically, 80 percent of the harvest is allocated to members of the Yurok tribe; 20 percent go to the Hoopa tribe on the Trinity River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the 6,100 \u003ca href=\"http://www.yuroktribe.org/\">Yurok\u003c/a> received 5,800 salmon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yurok lawyer and tribal member Amy Cordalis said this week that fish and fishing culture have long sustained the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even when the fish aren’t running we are prepping our gear, we are talking about fishing, we are eating our canned salmon ... and then when the fish arrive, we all gather down at the Klamath River to be there, to harvest,\" Cordalis said. \"That great sense of gathering around the fish, around the salmon run, will not be there. And for us that means our very social fabric is falling apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those outside the tribes who fish for a living also face a tough season. Commercial salmon fishing in the Klamath Management Zone, along the coast from Mendocino County town of Point Arena into southern Oregon, is likely to be shut down entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Noah Oppenheim, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://pcffa.org/\">Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations\u003c/a>, says the economic impacts will ripple over North Coast ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That means fishermen are going to be selling their boats. That means they’re going to be defaulting on loans,” Oppenheim said. “We need to solve this problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tribes and fishermen are seeking disaster relief from the state and the federal government. And Cordalis says water managers should take fish shortages more seriously right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By using science, by using data, by updating the river’s operating system, we can find a way to make our communities up and down the river sustainable,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Oppenheim points to water quality and quantity issues as a key area of focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that agencies can’t invent fish but we know agencies are very good at inventing water,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some relief -- both natural and judicial -- could aid the fish in the short run. This season's heavy rains will help river conditions, and a judge's decision in February means federal water managers will be required to follow a new regime of releasing flows to aid the Klamath's threatened coho salmon; those measures should benefit chinook as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the biggest change could come in three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The owner of four hydroelectric dams on the Klamath \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/27/will-the-klamath-river-be-renewed-owner-applies-to-remove-4-of-5-dams/\">has applied\u003c/a> to remove them by 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/22/will-removing-klamath-dams-lead-to-a-salmon-revival/\">which may improve the river’s flow year-round\u003c/a>, nurturing future salmon runs. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is considering PacifiCorp’s application now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish advocates say they’re hopeful, because that plan is still on track.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "With Some Chinook in Trouble, California Faces 'a Pathetic Scrap' of a Salmon Season",
"title": "With Some Chinook in Trouble, California Faces 'a Pathetic Scrap' of a Salmon Season",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>California's chinook salmon -- or some of them -- are in trouble again. And under a set of proposed rules approved Monday, that's likely to mean a very restricted salmon season for both commercial fishers and recreational anglers alike. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Marine Fishery Council, the agency responsible for setting ocean fishing regulations for California, Oregon and Washington, on Monday adopted \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/E6a_Sup_STT_Table_1_Com_Alts_2017_031317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a set of proposals\u003c/a> that would shut down the commercial and recreational catch of chinook salmon on the state's northernmost coast and off central and southern Oregon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rules aim to limit damage to two imperiled runs of chinook: the Klamath River fall run and the Sacramento River winter run. Both have suffered direct and indirect impacts of drought, habitat loss and impaired flows of cold water in their spawning and rearing areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcouncil.org/2017/03/46838/draft2017-sal-mgmt-alts-public-review/\">a set of season alternatives\u003c/a> that are now out for public review before a final decision on the season is made next month -- would allow only one to two months of commercial fishing on the California coast from southern Humboldt County to the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fishery managers hope that closing the season in areas far to the north will protect the estimated 54,000 adult Klamath River fall run chinook currently in the Pacific -- the lowest number in a record going back to about 1980. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Season dates further south are likewise designed to minimize impacts on the endangered Sacramento winter run, whose spawning numbers plunged to about 1,500 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under fishery council proposals, commercial fishing in the zone from southern Humboldt County to Point Arena in Mendocino County would be open only in September. From Point Arena to Pigeon Point, on the San Mateo Coast, fishing would open between Aug. 1 and the end of September. From Pigeon Point south to the Mexican border, commercial fishing would open only in May and June. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For comparison's sake, fishing along most of the coast south of Humboldt County was open for three to four months in 2014 and 2015 -- both years marked by forecasts of a robust population of the commercially important Sacramento River fall run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a pretty pathetic scrap of a season,\" Dave Bitts, a commercial fisherman from Humboldt County, said in describing the 2017 season. \"But if there's fish there when it's open, hopefully some people will turn it to advantage. Otherwise, I suspect a lot of people will be looking for something else to do this summer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bitts, who serves on a PFMC salmon advisory panel, said he's getting ready to work on retrieving crab traps in the waters off Eureka that were buried during this winter's storms. He said he expected other fishermen to keep fishing crab this year -- the state's season runs to June 30 south of Mendocino County and to July 15 from Mendocino north -- \"as long as they can make a dollar at it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bitts said that those who depend on salmon for a living don't have a lot of choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some people are going to hope tuna show up,\" Bitts said. \"In our part of the world, there's not a lot else. ... There really is not a fishery or even a complex of fisheries in the summertime that will replace salmon when salmon fall short like this. It makes things bleak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/E6a_Sup_STT_Table_2_Rec_Alts_2017_031317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">recreational fishing\u003c/a> also sharply limit the season available to anglers. In the area from the San Mateo coast through Monterey Bay, anglers will get to fish only from April 1 through July 15. The season typically lasts until the end of October. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only region with a substantially intact recreational fishing season is the one stretching from Point Arena to San Mateo County's Pigeon Point. Those waters would be open for all but two weeks of the season from April 1 through Oct. 31. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reason the season in Monterey are so short is they have the highest contact with the winter chinook,\" said Marc Gorelnik, a PFMC member and chairman of the Bay Area's Coastside Fishing Club. \"San Francisco does not have anywhere near the winter-run impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorelnik added that managers are trying to strike a balance for recreational fishing -- giving the maximum number of anglers the opportunity to fish chinook while doing the least harm to stressed fisheries. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's not just the most seriously troubled chinook runs that are casting a shadow on this year's salmon season. Bitts, the Humboldt County fisherman, pointed to the modest estimates for this year's Sacramento River fall run chinook as another reason for concern. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fall run is heavily bolstered by state and federal hatcheries and has produced fabulous-sounding numbers -- about 1.5 million adult chinook in 2003 and 868,000 as recently as 2013. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento fall chinook also crashed to just 40,000 in 2009, and its numbers have been declining since that 2013 spike. This year's forecast, derived largely from the number of 2-year-old fish that returned to spawn last year, is 230,700. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The thing that makes this season a little problematic is the overall abundance prediction is pretty low, as well,\" Bitts said. \"Now there's a reason to think that may be a conservative prediction, but we don't know. If there's twice as many fish as predicted, [the fishing season] could turn out to be worthwhile for some people. But if there's really only 200,000 Sacramento fish in the ocean, it's probably not going to be very good fishing.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Fishery managers prepare restrictive rules designed to protect imperiled chinook on the Klamath and Sacramento rivers. ",
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"description": "Fishery managers prepare restrictive rules designed to protect imperiled chinook on the Klamath and Sacramento rivers. ",
"title": "With Some Chinook in Trouble, California Faces 'a Pathetic Scrap' of a Salmon Season | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California's chinook salmon -- or some of them -- are in trouble again. And under a set of proposed rules approved Monday, that's likely to mean a very restricted salmon season for both commercial fishers and recreational anglers alike. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Marine Fishery Council, the agency responsible for setting ocean fishing regulations for California, Oregon and Washington, on Monday adopted \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/E6a_Sup_STT_Table_1_Com_Alts_2017_031317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a set of proposals\u003c/a> that would shut down the commercial and recreational catch of chinook salmon on the state's northernmost coast and off central and southern Oregon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rules aim to limit damage to two imperiled runs of chinook: the Klamath River fall run and the Sacramento River winter run. Both have suffered direct and indirect impacts of drought, habitat loss and impaired flows of cold water in their spawning and rearing areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcouncil.org/2017/03/46838/draft2017-sal-mgmt-alts-public-review/\">a set of season alternatives\u003c/a> that are now out for public review before a final decision on the season is made next month -- would allow only one to two months of commercial fishing on the California coast from southern Humboldt County to the U.S.-Mexico border. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fishery managers hope that closing the season in areas far to the north will protect the estimated 54,000 adult Klamath River fall run chinook currently in the Pacific -- the lowest number in a record going back to about 1980. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Season dates further south are likewise designed to minimize impacts on the endangered Sacramento winter run, whose spawning numbers plunged to about 1,500 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under fishery council proposals, commercial fishing in the zone from southern Humboldt County to Point Arena in Mendocino County would be open only in September. From Point Arena to Pigeon Point, on the San Mateo Coast, fishing would open between Aug. 1 and the end of September. From Pigeon Point south to the Mexican border, commercial fishing would open only in May and June. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For comparison's sake, fishing along most of the coast south of Humboldt County was open for three to four months in 2014 and 2015 -- both years marked by forecasts of a robust population of the commercially important Sacramento River fall run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a pretty pathetic scrap of a season,\" Dave Bitts, a commercial fisherman from Humboldt County, said in describing the 2017 season. \"But if there's fish there when it's open, hopefully some people will turn it to advantage. Otherwise, I suspect a lot of people will be looking for something else to do this summer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bitts, who serves on a PFMC salmon advisory panel, said he's getting ready to work on retrieving crab traps in the waters off Eureka that were buried during this winter's storms. He said he expected other fishermen to keep fishing crab this year -- the state's season runs to June 30 south of Mendocino County and to July 15 from Mendocino north -- \"as long as they can make a dollar at it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bitts said that those who depend on salmon for a living don't have a lot of choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some people are going to hope tuna show up,\" Bitts said. \"In our part of the world, there's not a lot else. ... There really is not a fishery or even a complex of fisheries in the summertime that will replace salmon when salmon fall short like this. It makes things bleak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/E6a_Sup_STT_Table_2_Rec_Alts_2017_031317.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">recreational fishing\u003c/a> also sharply limit the season available to anglers. In the area from the San Mateo coast through Monterey Bay, anglers will get to fish only from April 1 through July 15. The season typically lasts until the end of October. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only region with a substantially intact recreational fishing season is the one stretching from Point Arena to San Mateo County's Pigeon Point. Those waters would be open for all but two weeks of the season from April 1 through Oct. 31. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reason the season in Monterey are so short is they have the highest contact with the winter chinook,\" said Marc Gorelnik, a PFMC member and chairman of the Bay Area's Coastside Fishing Club. \"San Francisco does not have anywhere near the winter-run impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorelnik added that managers are trying to strike a balance for recreational fishing -- giving the maximum number of anglers the opportunity to fish chinook while doing the least harm to stressed fisheries. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's not just the most seriously troubled chinook runs that are casting a shadow on this year's salmon season. Bitts, the Humboldt County fisherman, pointed to the modest estimates for this year's Sacramento River fall run chinook as another reason for concern. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fall run is heavily bolstered by state and federal hatcheries and has produced fabulous-sounding numbers -- about 1.5 million adult chinook in 2003 and 868,000 as recently as 2013. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento fall chinook also crashed to just 40,000 in 2009, and its numbers have been declining since that 2013 spike. This year's forecast, derived largely from the number of 2-year-old fish that returned to spawn last year, is 230,700. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The thing that makes this season a little problematic is the overall abundance prediction is pretty low, as well,\" Bitts said. \"Now there's a reason to think that may be a conservative prediction, but we don't know. If there's twice as many fish as predicted, [the fishing season] could turn out to be worthwhile for some people. But if there's really only 200,000 Sacramento fish in the ocean, it's probably not going to be very good fishing.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Will Klamath River Salmon Thrive Again After Dams Are Gone?",
"title": "Will Klamath River Salmon Thrive Again After Dams Are Gone?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]Y[/dropcap]ear after year, volunteers return to tributaries of the Klamath River, just like the fish they’re trying to help do the same thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimmy Peterson, a fisheries project coordinator for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mkwc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Mid-Klamath Watershed Council\u003c/a>, places rocks and stones to make fish passages in Fort Goff Creek, 60 miles up from the river’s mouth on California's North Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This creek has extremely awesome habitat up top here,” Peterson says. “Extremely awesome.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he translates: “The water stays really cold and there’s plenty of nice spawning gravel that go up fairly far into the watershed. There’s not a lot of human activity up there either, so it’s fairly untouched.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists estimate that a century ago, hundreds of thousands of coho may have run up the Klamath’s streams and tributaries. Now it’s a few thousand. Federal and private grants fund the council’s work, helping coho access \"extremely awesome\" habitat because coho are threatened with extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dams aren’t the only reason salmon, trout and other fish need help on the Klamath. But they are a big one. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/removal-of-klamath-dams-would-be-largest-river-restoration-in-u-s-history/\" target=\"_blank\">The promise of dam removal\u003c/a> is free passage for fish up to cooler spots and native headwaters. And the Klamath River, near California’s northern border, may become the next big western river to see that happen. Federal energy regulators are considering a plan that would open hundreds of miles of the Klamath to the potential of the largest river restoration in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You could see the fish pounding their faces against that dam.'\u003ccite>Interior Secretary Sally Jewell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Three of the dams are on the California side of the river. The lowest of these is Iron Gate Dam, near Hornbrook, in Siskiyou County, which has trapped silty sand, clay and rocks behind its walls. Reservoirs behind multiple dams slow water down and heat it up into a toxic algae breeding ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Winding Path to Dam Removal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, these dams almost went away as part of a locally driven deal among fishery advocates, tribal and farming interests from two states, above the dams and below. California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger touted the plan’s goals: removing dams, sharing water, and, yes, helping fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can see already, the salmon fishes screaming, 'I’ll be back,'” he said to a roomful of laughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Congress sat on the deal for five years, and it fizzled in Washington. Now, dam removal is moving forward again, without Congress this time, thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/06/historic-agreements-would-take-down-four-dams-on-the-klamath-river/\" target=\"_blank\">an agreement signed in April\u003c/a> at the mouth of the Klamath. At the ceremony, Interior Secretary Sally Jewell remembered visiting another big dam: the Elwha, in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11184488\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The 132-foot-high Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River upstream of the Siskiyou County hamlet of Hornbrook, has generated power for nearly a century.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 132-foot-high Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River upstream of the Siskiyou County hamlet of Hornbrook, has generated power for nearly a century. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You could see the fish pounding their faces against that dam,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comparing the Klamath to that river, Jewell sees a lot of potential for fish restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To see in that dam removal project how fast the salmon have returned, way up into the tributaries, faster than the scientists thought they ever would,” she said. “And to see how fast the shoreline has been healed, which will happen right here at the mouth of the Klamath River, is a true inspiration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After the Dynamite\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demolition crews blasted through the last dam on the Elwha River two years ago. That river is still healing. And the Klamath is somewhat bigger: Its dams hold more silt and gravel behind them than the Elwha dams did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muddy, turbid waters aren’t good for salmon and steelhead. So to minimize harm, the plan for the Klamath is to drain the existing reservoirs in winter, sending water and silt downriver and toward the sea. Crews would destroy all of the dams in the same year. A stubborn plug of dirt would stay behind; proponents of removal expect time and rain to gradually spread it downriver. [contextly_sidebar id=\"5eXGF4ypC5X5SXqrpwqufqEkRRtTMAcH\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Trout’s Curtis Knight says those first turbulent and dirty years are often hard on salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But what you see quite quickly is a rebound and an ability of that river, now that it’s running free, to move that sediment,” he says. Without sediment feeding it, the riverbed downstream has dropped in elevation. Knight says as the river channels fill in, fish will have an easier time getting upstream to spawning areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there’s some uncertainty how fast after dam removal the river and its fish might recover. The complexity of the river system makes some elements of a comprehensive recovery plan uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are we going to restore it back to?” asks NOAA Fisheries specialist Bob Pagliuco. “I don’t think we’re ever going to restore it back to pre-European times. Or if we want to bring it back to where it was 10,000 years ago, I don’t think we’re going to be able to do that. So I think we’re going to essentially enhance things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even without dams, water quality problems remain. Some of the issues are natural, some are from farming and grazing, land uses that have replaced wetland marshes upriver, around the Klamath’s headwaters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon alfalfa grower Gary Derry is like many farmers: a fisherman, too. He’s mostly worried about his bottom line. So he wants to know restoration plans will work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184517\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11184517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Removing dams on the Klamath River could help more coho salmon get upriver to reach tributaries with cool secluded pools.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Removing dams on the Klamath River could help more coho salmon get upriver to reach tributaries with cool secluded pools. \u003ccite>(Jimmy Peterson & Will Harling/Mid Klamath Watershed Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we're going to do something, if something's going to happen, if the fish need more water, let's make sure that water benefits the fish. Let's not just say, ‘Well, we thought it was going to help, but it didn't.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Glimpses of the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upriver and down, efforts are underway to rehabilitate land around the Klamath’s waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadly, the goal is to do what Jimmy Peterson does in places like Fort Goff Creek. According to NOAA's Pagliuco, one federal study has found that fish grow up to six times faster in those habitat types than in adjacent, unimproved habitats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't really know that restoration as a whole is going to work on the Klamath, but we do have snapshots that these fish are growing bigger, that they're utilizing these projects,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Oregon, Trout Unlimited’s Chrysten Lambert says restoration projects are already working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We definitely see responses in the native fish populations when we remove passage barriers, when we decrease temperature and when we restore complexity of habitat to provide them with important areas we need for spawning and rearing,” she says. “We do see responses in the native fish populations oftentimes immediately from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lambert also works with private landowners to modify land use to minimize nutrient runoff. With help from her organization, some ranchers have put up fencing to keep cattle from wandering into and damaging streams. Keeping cattle out also helps the recovery of streamside vegetation that helps filter pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where farmers and cattlemen have been around four or five generations, even small changes like these can prompt major discussion. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what’s challenging is, you’re talking about people changing how much land they have to graze and when they graze it,\" Lambert said. \"Which goes straight to the bottom line of their operations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon rancher Becky Hyde says she has idled land, or put it into dry-land crop rather than irrigating it. \"That changes how much money we can make, which we have to think through,\" she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hyde also sees a value. \"We still graze our river, but we changed the timing of when we graze, so that it's more beneficial for the grasses and the healing of the river.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11184522\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Klamath River is prime habitat for coho salmon, like these juveniles. Coho in the Klamath River region are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Klamath River is prime habitat for coho salmon, like these juveniles. Coho in the Klamath River region are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. \u003ccite>(Jimmy Peterson & Will Harling/Mid Klamath Watershed Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Salmon Since Time Immemorial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along California’s North Coast, the stakes for salmon recovery are a matter of identity. Native tribal culture revolves around fish, and the Yurok tribe has federally protected rights to salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it hasn’t always been that way, says the tribe’s vice chief, David Gensaw Jr. He remembers in 1978 when the state banned tribal and sport fishing in the Klamath River estuary. Federal agents with billy clubs grabbed Yurok tribal members and the salmon they had caught with gillnets. The federal government eventually returned rights to the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gensaw’s sense of stewardship has been constant. And this year, the outlook for the salmon fishery was bleak. Fishery managers allotted the Yurok less than one salmon a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our ancestors told us, when the fish are gone, so are the Yurok people,” he says. “And we don’t plan to go anywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok aren’t alone: Other interests have water rights here, too. Taking the dams out doesn’t settle who gets the water they want. Now, once again, people in the Klamath Basin are negotiating over a way to share.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">Y\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ear after year, volunteers return to tributaries of the Klamath River, just like the fish they’re trying to help do the same thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimmy Peterson, a fisheries project coordinator for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mkwc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Mid-Klamath Watershed Council\u003c/a>, places rocks and stones to make fish passages in Fort Goff Creek, 60 miles up from the river’s mouth on California's North Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This creek has extremely awesome habitat up top here,” Peterson says. “Extremely awesome.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he translates: “The water stays really cold and there’s plenty of nice spawning gravel that go up fairly far into the watershed. There’s not a lot of human activity up there either, so it’s fairly untouched.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists estimate that a century ago, hundreds of thousands of coho may have run up the Klamath’s streams and tributaries. Now it’s a few thousand. Federal and private grants fund the council’s work, helping coho access \"extremely awesome\" habitat because coho are threatened with extinction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dams aren’t the only reason salmon, trout and other fish need help on the Klamath. But they are a big one. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/removal-of-klamath-dams-would-be-largest-river-restoration-in-u-s-history/\" target=\"_blank\">The promise of dam removal\u003c/a> is free passage for fish up to cooler spots and native headwaters. And the Klamath River, near California’s northern border, may become the next big western river to see that happen. Federal energy regulators are considering a plan that would open hundreds of miles of the Klamath to the potential of the largest river restoration in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You could see the fish pounding their faces against that dam.'\u003ccite>Interior Secretary Sally Jewell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Three of the dams are on the California side of the river. The lowest of these is Iron Gate Dam, near Hornbrook, in Siskiyou County, which has trapped silty sand, clay and rocks behind its walls. Reservoirs behind multiple dams slow water down and heat it up into a toxic algae breeding ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Winding Path to Dam Removal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, these dams almost went away as part of a locally driven deal among fishery advocates, tribal and farming interests from two states, above the dams and below. California Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger touted the plan’s goals: removing dams, sharing water, and, yes, helping fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can see already, the salmon fishes screaming, 'I’ll be back,'” he said to a roomful of laughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Congress sat on the deal for five years, and it fizzled in Washington. Now, dam removal is moving forward again, without Congress this time, thanks to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/06/historic-agreements-would-take-down-four-dams-on-the-klamath-river/\" target=\"_blank\">an agreement signed in April\u003c/a> at the mouth of the Klamath. At the ceremony, Interior Secretary Sally Jewell remembered visiting another big dam: the Elwha, in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11184488\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The 132-foot-high Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River upstream of the Siskiyou County hamlet of Hornbrook, has generated power for nearly a century.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS21526_IMG_4460-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 132-foot-high Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River upstream of the Siskiyou County hamlet of Hornbrook, has generated power for nearly a century. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You could see the fish pounding their faces against that dam,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comparing the Klamath to that river, Jewell sees a lot of potential for fish restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To see in that dam removal project how fast the salmon have returned, way up into the tributaries, faster than the scientists thought they ever would,” she said. “And to see how fast the shoreline has been healed, which will happen right here at the mouth of the Klamath River, is a true inspiration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After the Dynamite\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demolition crews blasted through the last dam on the Elwha River two years ago. That river is still healing. And the Klamath is somewhat bigger: Its dams hold more silt and gravel behind them than the Elwha dams did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muddy, turbid waters aren’t good for salmon and steelhead. So to minimize harm, the plan for the Klamath is to drain the existing reservoirs in winter, sending water and silt downriver and toward the sea. Crews would destroy all of the dams in the same year. A stubborn plug of dirt would stay behind; proponents of removal expect time and rain to gradually spread it downriver. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Trout’s Curtis Knight says those first turbulent and dirty years are often hard on salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But what you see quite quickly is a rebound and an ability of that river, now that it’s running free, to move that sediment,” he says. Without sediment feeding it, the riverbed downstream has dropped in elevation. Knight says as the river channels fill in, fish will have an easier time getting upstream to spawning areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there’s some uncertainty how fast after dam removal the river and its fish might recover. The complexity of the river system makes some elements of a comprehensive recovery plan uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are we going to restore it back to?” asks NOAA Fisheries specialist Bob Pagliuco. “I don’t think we’re ever going to restore it back to pre-European times. Or if we want to bring it back to where it was 10,000 years ago, I don’t think we’re going to be able to do that. So I think we’re going to essentially enhance things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even without dams, water quality problems remain. Some of the issues are natural, some are from farming and grazing, land uses that have replaced wetland marshes upriver, around the Klamath’s headwaters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon alfalfa grower Gary Derry is like many farmers: a fisherman, too. He’s mostly worried about his bottom line. So he wants to know restoration plans will work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184517\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11184517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Removing dams on the Klamath River could help more coho salmon get upriver to reach tributaries with cool secluded pools.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22170_IMG_6678-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Removing dams on the Klamath River could help more coho salmon get upriver to reach tributaries with cool secluded pools. \u003ccite>(Jimmy Peterson & Will Harling/Mid Klamath Watershed Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If we're going to do something, if something's going to happen, if the fish need more water, let's make sure that water benefits the fish. Let's not just say, ‘Well, we thought it was going to help, but it didn't.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Glimpses of the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upriver and down, efforts are underway to rehabilitate land around the Klamath’s waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadly, the goal is to do what Jimmy Peterson does in places like Fort Goff Creek. According to NOAA's Pagliuco, one federal study has found that fish grow up to six times faster in those habitat types than in adjacent, unimproved habitats. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't really know that restoration as a whole is going to work on the Klamath, but we do have snapshots that these fish are growing bigger, that they're utilizing these projects,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Oregon, Trout Unlimited’s Chrysten Lambert says restoration projects are already working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We definitely see responses in the native fish populations when we remove passage barriers, when we decrease temperature and when we restore complexity of habitat to provide them with important areas we need for spawning and rearing,” she says. “We do see responses in the native fish populations oftentimes immediately from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lambert also works with private landowners to modify land use to minimize nutrient runoff. With help from her organization, some ranchers have put up fencing to keep cattle from wandering into and damaging streams. Keeping cattle out also helps the recovery of streamside vegetation that helps filter pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where farmers and cattlemen have been around four or five generations, even small changes like these can prompt major discussion. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what’s challenging is, you’re talking about people changing how much land they have to graze and when they graze it,\" Lambert said. \"Which goes straight to the bottom line of their operations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon rancher Becky Hyde says she has idled land, or put it into dry-land crop rather than irrigating it. \"That changes how much money we can make, which we have to think through,\" she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hyde also sees a value. \"We still graze our river, but we changed the timing of when we graze, so that it's more beneficial for the grasses and the healing of the river.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11184522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11184522\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Klamath River is prime habitat for coho salmon, like these juveniles. Coho in the Klamath River region are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS22166_P7170153-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Klamath River is prime habitat for coho salmon, like these juveniles. Coho in the Klamath River region are listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. \u003ccite>(Jimmy Peterson & Will Harling/Mid Klamath Watershed Council)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Salmon Since Time Immemorial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along California’s North Coast, the stakes for salmon recovery are a matter of identity. Native tribal culture revolves around fish, and the Yurok tribe has federally protected rights to salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it hasn’t always been that way, says the tribe’s vice chief, David Gensaw Jr. He remembers in 1978 when the state banned tribal and sport fishing in the Klamath River estuary. Federal agents with billy clubs grabbed Yurok tribal members and the salmon they had caught with gillnets. The federal government eventually returned rights to the tribe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gensaw’s sense of stewardship has been constant. And this year, the outlook for the salmon fishery was bleak. Fishery managers allotted the Yurok less than one salmon a person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our ancestors told us, when the fish are gone, so are the Yurok people,” he says. “And we don’t plan to go anywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yurok aren’t alone: Other interests have water rights here, too. Taking the dams out doesn’t settle who gets the water they want. Now, once again, people in the Klamath Basin are negotiating over a way to share.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Removal of Klamath Dams Would Be Largest River Restoration in U.S. History",
"title": "Removal of Klamath Dams Would Be Largest River Restoration in U.S. History",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Our metal powerboat is puttering near a bend low in the Klamath River. Morning fog pours off the hills against a flat gray sky, but we can see a fight up around a bird's nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The eagles are perched up here in the tree,” says Mike Belchik, a fisheries biologist for the Yurok tribe, whose lands extend 44 miles from the Pacific Coast inland. “The osprey is dive-bombing them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belchik claps loudly to break up the birds. “They both live around here and they fight all the time,” he laughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People along the Klamath once fought bitterly over this river, too. But that’s beginning to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/289726526\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four hydroelectric dams \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/27/will-the-klamath-river-be-renewed-owner-applies-to-remove-4-of-5-dams/\" target=\"_blank\">may soon be demolished\u003c/a> along the Klamath, near the California-Oregon border. Hundreds of miles of the Klamath would run free to the Pacific Ocean -- opening up the largest river restoration in U.S. history. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s made this possible is compromise, forged over years of negotiation, among upriver and downriver interests, in California and Oregon, farmers and tribes and fishery advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two incidents of deep and painful loss, in 2001 and 2002, sparked this new era. First, the federal Bureau of Reclamation cut off water supplies to almost all irrigators on the Klamath Irrigation Project upriver, to protect water flows to endangered fish, including salmon. Angry farmers who were losing their crops converged at the main irrigation canal’s controls in Klamath Falls, Oregon, turning the water back on. A crowd of 18,000 cheered them on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next year, when irrigators once again were able to take water from the river, Belchik says the resulting low flows were deadly downriver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We started getting calls about dead fish,” he says, standing along the riverbank. “There’s tens of thousands of fish, rotting fish, big 20-pound salmon, four deep on all of the shorelines.” He wrinkles his nose. “The smell more than the look. It smells like death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11143912\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-800x429.jpg\" alt=\"Tens of thousands of salmon were killed on the Klamath in 2002 when water deliveries to farmers resulted in deadly low flows downriver.\" width=\"800\" height=\"429\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11143912\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-800x429.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-160x86.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-1020x547.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-1180x633.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-960x515.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-240x129.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-375x201.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-520x279.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-280x150.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tens of thousands of salmon were killed on the Klamath in 2002 when water deliveries to farmers resulted in deadly low flows downriver. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Northcoast Environment Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now with broad political support, the power company that owns the dams, PacifiCorp, has applied to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to give up its licenses so that four dams, three in California, can be blasted and jackhammered away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PacifiCorp shareholders will contribute $200 million toward dam removal. California will contribute up to $250 million more in Proposition 1 money, to pay for removal and river recovery, under an agreement signed in April at the mouth of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"B7vjPY9z0gkmCpeO9b2sWbASyVCchQev\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown said the goal now is sustainability. “Not for the next election cycle but for eons and thousands of years,” he said. “That’s the significance here. We’re starting to get it right after so many years of getting it wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a lot of Western rivers, the Klamath has been a workhorse serving the people around it. Inland and upriver, its water goes to irrigators on a federal project, farms and grazing in two states. Over the last century four dams harnessed its energy. The oldest hydroelectric dam is Copco 1, which is 132 feet steep between rock walls trailing bright green moss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11144033\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Water spills down the mossy face of the Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River outside Hornbrook. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11144033\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water spills down the mossy face of the Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River outside Hornbrook. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cheap, reliable hydropower made at Copco helped upriver irrigators pump water to crops and cattle. Standing atop it, PacifiCorp spokesman Bob Gravely says the company has made money for shareholders. “Removing these dams is not something that the company had set out to do,” he says now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But environmental laws put on the books after dams were built changed the equation. Gravely says PacifiCorp would have spent hundreds of millions of dollars updating dams to protect fish and water quality, in compliance with the Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act, among others. “This is the least cost outcome for our customers that we have,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not often that a private company seeks to get rid of its own dams. The petition to federal regulators is kind of an end run around Congress and its politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago, a broad coalition of river interests agreed on a plan to allocate water resources, protect economic interests, and yes, remove dams. The deal required congressional action. But nothing happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11144038\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Yurok Tribal Vice Chair David Gensaw, Jr. is worried about the future of salmon and trout in tribal waters near where the Klamath meets the sea.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11144038\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok Tribal Vice Chair David Gensaw, Jr. is worried about the future of salmon and trout in tribal waters near where the Klamath meets the sea. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, it’s not a done deal. FERC will receive public comment on the decision, and some of it will come from fiercely independent rural Siskiyou County, where 80 percent of voters oppose dam removal, period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siskiyou County Supervisor Grace Bennett says she’s suspicious of the science underpinning dam removal, and the financial risks of such a major change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want answers,” she says. “And we want to be not held responsible when this -- and I’m going to say this 'grand experiment,' which we feel we’re in the middle of -- doesn’t turn out the way we want. And they leave us doing lots of damage to our county.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the dams are removed, two major questions remain for the Klamath Basin: How to share water and how to help fish recover. Dozens of local stakeholders are starting to hash out those questions, including Oregon rancher Becky Hyde. Congressional opposition or inaction could still get in the way of compromise. But Hyde says she hopes local interests triumph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11144030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-800x569.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Seus (L) and Gary Derry say they're worried about their farming future in the absence of an agreement to share water along the Klamath River. Irrigators like them have rights, but so do environmental interests like fish and wildlife refuges, and tribal interests downriver.\" width=\"800\" height=\"569\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11144030\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-800x569.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-1180x839.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-960x683.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-240x171.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-375x267.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-520x370.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Seus (L) and Gary Derry say they're worried about their farming future in the absence of an agreement to share water along the Klamath River. Irrigators like them have rights, but so do environmental interests like fish and wildlife refuges, and tribal interests downriver. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think a healthy Klamath is solely dependent on whether or not the U.S. Congress decides to pay attention,” Hyde says. “We decide. We choose while we wait for them to wake up. We choose how to treat each other while we wait for them to start making wise choices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this basin, those choices are personal, says Oregon alfalfa farmer Gary Derry. After the water shut off in 2001, his son moved away. Now his younger daughter is weighing the same choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to see my kids leave. I don’t want to see anybody down the river, their kids leave,” Derry says. He points out his daughter is graduating with a soil science degree. “I want to get back to where we have a river community, top to bottom, that can survive. That’s what I want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If regulators approve dam decommissioning, hundreds of miles of river would open up for fish and people. Copco 1 and the other three dams would go silent in four years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Demolition of four dams would be thanks to a historic compromise forged among farmers, tribes and fishery advocates in California and Oregon. But it’s not a done deal.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Our metal powerboat is puttering near a bend low in the Klamath River. Morning fog pours off the hills against a flat gray sky, but we can see a fight up around a bird's nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The eagles are perched up here in the tree,” says Mike Belchik, a fisheries biologist for the Yurok tribe, whose lands extend 44 miles from the Pacific Coast inland. “The osprey is dive-bombing them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Belchik claps loudly to break up the birds. “They both live around here and they fight all the time,” he laughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People along the Klamath once fought bitterly over this river, too. But that’s beginning to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/289726526&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/289726526'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four hydroelectric dams \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/27/will-the-klamath-river-be-renewed-owner-applies-to-remove-4-of-5-dams/\" target=\"_blank\">may soon be demolished\u003c/a> along the Klamath, near the California-Oregon border. Hundreds of miles of the Klamath would run free to the Pacific Ocean -- opening up the largest river restoration in U.S. history. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s made this possible is compromise, forged over years of negotiation, among upriver and downriver interests, in California and Oregon, farmers and tribes and fishery advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two incidents of deep and painful loss, in 2001 and 2002, sparked this new era. First, the federal Bureau of Reclamation cut off water supplies to almost all irrigators on the Klamath Irrigation Project upriver, to protect water flows to endangered fish, including salmon. Angry farmers who were losing their crops converged at the main irrigation canal’s controls in Klamath Falls, Oregon, turning the water back on. A crowd of 18,000 cheered them on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next year, when irrigators once again were able to take water from the river, Belchik says the resulting low flows were deadly downriver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We started getting calls about dead fish,” he says, standing along the riverbank. “There’s tens of thousands of fish, rotting fish, big 20-pound salmon, four deep on all of the shorelines.” He wrinkles his nose. “The smell more than the look. It smells like death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11143912\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-800x429.jpg\" alt=\"Tens of thousands of salmon were killed on the Klamath in 2002 when water deliveries to farmers resulted in deadly low flows downriver.\" width=\"800\" height=\"429\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11143912\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-800x429.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-160x86.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-1020x547.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-1180x633.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-960x515.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-240x129.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-375x201.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-520x279.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KlamathFishKill-280x150.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tens of thousands of salmon were killed on the Klamath in 2002 when water deliveries to farmers resulted in deadly low flows downriver. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Northcoast Environment Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now with broad political support, the power company that owns the dams, PacifiCorp, has applied to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to give up its licenses so that four dams, three in California, can be blasted and jackhammered away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PacifiCorp shareholders will contribute $200 million toward dam removal. California will contribute up to $250 million more in Proposition 1 money, to pay for removal and river recovery, under an agreement signed in April at the mouth of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown said the goal now is sustainability. “Not for the next election cycle but for eons and thousands of years,” he said. “That’s the significance here. We’re starting to get it right after so many years of getting it wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a lot of Western rivers, the Klamath has been a workhorse serving the people around it. Inland and upriver, its water goes to irrigators on a federal project, farms and grazing in two states. Over the last century four dams harnessed its energy. The oldest hydroelectric dam is Copco 1, which is 132 feet steep between rock walls trailing bright green moss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11144033\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Water spills down the mossy face of the Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River outside Hornbrook. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11144033\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Copco2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water spills down the mossy face of the Copco 1 Dam, on the Klamath River outside Hornbrook. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cheap, reliable hydropower made at Copco helped upriver irrigators pump water to crops and cattle. Standing atop it, PacifiCorp spokesman Bob Gravely says the company has made money for shareholders. “Removing these dams is not something that the company had set out to do,” he says now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But environmental laws put on the books after dams were built changed the equation. Gravely says PacifiCorp would have spent hundreds of millions of dollars updating dams to protect fish and water quality, in compliance with the Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act, among others. “This is the least cost outcome for our customers that we have,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not often that a private company seeks to get rid of its own dams. The petition to federal regulators is kind of an end run around Congress and its politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago, a broad coalition of river interests agreed on a plan to allocate water resources, protect economic interests, and yes, remove dams. The deal required congressional action. But nothing happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11144038\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Yurok Tribal Vice Chair David Gensaw, Jr. is worried about the future of salmon and trout in tribal waters near where the Klamath meets the sea.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11144038\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YurokDavid-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yurok Tribal Vice Chair David Gensaw, Jr. is worried about the future of salmon and trout in tribal waters near where the Klamath meets the sea. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, it’s not a done deal. FERC will receive public comment on the decision, and some of it will come from fiercely independent rural Siskiyou County, where 80 percent of voters oppose dam removal, period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Siskiyou County Supervisor Grace Bennett says she’s suspicious of the science underpinning dam removal, and the financial risks of such a major change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want answers,” she says. “And we want to be not held responsible when this -- and I’m going to say this 'grand experiment,' which we feel we’re in the middle of -- doesn’t turn out the way we want. And they leave us doing lots of damage to our county.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the dams are removed, two major questions remain for the Klamath Basin: How to share water and how to help fish recover. Dozens of local stakeholders are starting to hash out those questions, including Oregon rancher Becky Hyde. Congressional opposition or inaction could still get in the way of compromise. But Hyde says she hopes local interests triumph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11144030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-800x569.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Seus (L) and Gary Derry say they're worried about their farming future in the absence of an agreement to share water along the Klamath River. Irrigators like them have rights, but so do environmental interests like fish and wildlife refuges, and tribal interests downriver.\" width=\"800\" height=\"569\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11144030\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-800x569.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-1180x839.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-960x683.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-240x171.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-375x267.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/ScottGary-520x370.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Seus (L) and Gary Derry say they're worried about their farming future in the absence of an agreement to share water along the Klamath River. Irrigators like them have rights, but so do environmental interests like fish and wildlife refuges, and tribal interests downriver. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think a healthy Klamath is solely dependent on whether or not the U.S. Congress decides to pay attention,” Hyde says. “We decide. We choose while we wait for them to wake up. We choose how to treat each other while we wait for them to start making wise choices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this basin, those choices are personal, says Oregon alfalfa farmer Gary Derry. After the water shut off in 2001, his son moved away. Now his younger daughter is weighing the same choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to see my kids leave. I don’t want to see anybody down the river, their kids leave,” Derry says. He points out his daughter is graduating with a soil science degree. “I want to get back to where we have a river community, top to bottom, that can survive. That’s what I want.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If regulators approve dam decommissioning, hundreds of miles of river would open up for fish and people. Copco 1 and the other three dams would go silent in four years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The owner of four dams on the Klamath River and the nonprofit corporation created to take responsibility for their destruction recently filed long-awaited applications with federal regulators to remove the dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a major milestone,” said Mike Carrier, chair of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.klamathrenewal.org/\">Klamath River Renewal Corp.\u003c/a> (KRRC), an entity created to oversee the massive dam removal process. Federal officials estimate decommissioning and removal could cost at least $290 million, with that work to be paid for by ratepayers of PacifiCorp and the state of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_1,_Water_Bond_(2014)\">Proposition 1.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portland-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/index.html\">PacifiCorp \u003c/a>submitted paperwork on Sept. 23, seeking permission from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ferc.gov/\">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission\u003c/a> (FERC) to transfer ownership of the dams to the Klamath River Renewal Corp. KRRC joined that application, and is separately asking FERC to approve dam decommissioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Early 20th century hydropower that was constructed didn’t foresee some of the environmental consequences that it would create, such as sediment behind dams, and the blockage of fish passage for species like salmon and steelhead,” KRRC’s Carrier said. He added that a dam relicensing process made complicated by environmental regulations influenced PacifiCorp’s decision to retire the hydropower projects as well. “They penciled it out and realized that the best business decision would be to agree to dam decommissioning and removal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Klamath River, which flows 263 miles from the plains of south-central Oregon to the rocky shores of California, is claimed by two states’ worth of farmers, fishers, native tribes and environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is great news and there's no time to waste.'\u003ccite>Joshua Saxon, Karuk Tribe councilman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It once teemed with chinook, coho, steelhead and other trout runs throughout the year. Several Native American tribes, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.yuroktribe.org/\">Yurok\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hoopa-nsn.gov/\">Hoopa\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.karuk.us/\">Karuk\u003c/a> nations in California, have relied on its waters for thousands of years. Diverse interests have sparred over the Klamath for more than a century, when upriver dams began to enable irrigation, control flooding and create hydroelectricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, a year when upriver farmers’ water allocations were cut off, and 2002, when 70,000 fish died downriver, representatives of those diverse interests have negotiated ways to share the river and its resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ten years ago the idea of dam removal was extremely foreign, yet it was an idea that the parties rallied around,” said John Bezdek, counsel to the deputy secretary at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/\">U.S. Department of the Interior.\u003c/a> “They felt like with this central issue being addressed, it could provide a lot of the other things that was needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement and the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement aimed to improve water quality and fish habitat as well as create a framework to share water and end bitter water rights battles. But Republicans in Congress blocked the deals until they expired last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now applicants want to decommission and remove four of the Klamath’s five dams -- J.C. Boyle, Copco No. 1, Copco No. 2 and Iron Gate Dam -- with work to begin in four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is great news and there’s no time to waste,\" said Karuk Tribe Councilman Joshua Saxon, in a prepared statement. \"We are suffering from one of the worst salmon runs in history this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the support of PacificCorp, dam removal remains unpopular in some circles. Political leaders, including county supervisors in Siskiyou County, are vowing to contest the FERC application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first in a series of stories from the Klamath River basin. In the coming weeks we'll continue to look at the politics, the people and the fish.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The owner of four dams on the Klamath River and the nonprofit corporation created to take responsibility for their destruction recently filed long-awaited applications with federal regulators to remove the dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a major milestone,” said Mike Carrier, chair of the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.klamathrenewal.org/\">Klamath River Renewal Corp.\u003c/a> (KRRC), an entity created to oversee the massive dam removal process. Federal officials estimate decommissioning and removal could cost at least $290 million, with that work to be paid for by ratepayers of PacifiCorp and the state of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_1,_Water_Bond_(2014)\">Proposition 1.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portland-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/index.html\">PacifiCorp \u003c/a>submitted paperwork on Sept. 23, seeking permission from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ferc.gov/\">Federal Energy Regulatory Commission\u003c/a> (FERC) to transfer ownership of the dams to the Klamath River Renewal Corp. KRRC joined that application, and is separately asking FERC to approve dam decommissioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Early 20th century hydropower that was constructed didn’t foresee some of the environmental consequences that it would create, such as sediment behind dams, and the blockage of fish passage for species like salmon and steelhead,” KRRC’s Carrier said. He added that a dam relicensing process made complicated by environmental regulations influenced PacifiCorp’s decision to retire the hydropower projects as well. “They penciled it out and realized that the best business decision would be to agree to dam decommissioning and removal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Klamath River, which flows 263 miles from the plains of south-central Oregon to the rocky shores of California, is claimed by two states’ worth of farmers, fishers, native tribes and environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is great news and there's no time to waste.'\u003ccite>Joshua Saxon, Karuk Tribe councilman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It once teemed with chinook, coho, steelhead and other trout runs throughout the year. Several Native American tribes, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.yuroktribe.org/\">Yurok\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hoopa-nsn.gov/\">Hoopa\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.karuk.us/\">Karuk\u003c/a> nations in California, have relied on its waters for thousands of years. Diverse interests have sparred over the Klamath for more than a century, when upriver dams began to enable irrigation, control flooding and create hydroelectricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2001, a year when upriver farmers’ water allocations were cut off, and 2002, when 70,000 fish died downriver, representatives of those diverse interests have negotiated ways to share the river and its resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ten years ago the idea of dam removal was extremely foreign, yet it was an idea that the parties rallied around,” said John Bezdek, counsel to the deputy secretary at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/\">U.S. Department of the Interior.\u003c/a> “They felt like with this central issue being addressed, it could provide a lot of the other things that was needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the Klamath Hydroelectric Settlement Agreement and the Klamath Basin Restoration Agreement aimed to improve water quality and fish habitat as well as create a framework to share water and end bitter water rights battles. But Republicans in Congress blocked the deals until they expired last December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now applicants want to decommission and remove four of the Klamath’s five dams -- J.C. Boyle, Copco No. 1, Copco No. 2 and Iron Gate Dam -- with work to begin in four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is great news and there’s no time to waste,\" said Karuk Tribe Councilman Joshua Saxon, in a prepared statement. \"We are suffering from one of the worst salmon runs in history this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the support of PacificCorp, dam removal remains unpopular in some circles. Political leaders, including county supervisors in Siskiyou County, are vowing to contest the FERC application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first in a series of stories from the Klamath River basin. In the coming weeks we'll continue to look at the politics, the people and the fish.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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},
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"order": 10
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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