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"content": "\u003cp>Only two years ago, electronic cigarettes were viewed as a small industry with big potential to improve public health by offering a path to steer millions of smokers away from deadly cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That promise led U.S. regulators to take a hands-off approach to e-cigarette makers, including a Silicon Valley startup named Juul Labs, which was being praised for creating “the iPhone of e-cigarettes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Juul and hundreds of smaller companies are at the center of a political backlash that threatens to sweep e-cigarettes from store shelves nationwide as politicians scramble to address two separate public health crises tied to vaping: underage use among teenagers and a mysterious and sometimes fatal lung ailment that has affected more than 1,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New restrictions at the local, state and federal level are poised to wipe out thousands of fruit-, candy- and dessert-flavored vapes that have attracted teens. But experts who study tobacco policy fear the scattershot approach of the clampdown could have damaging, unintended consequences, including driving adults who vape back to cigarette smoking, which remains the nation’s leading preventable cause of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could take us from potentially the single biggest improvement in public health in the United States toward a public health disaster in which cigarettes continue to be the dominant nicotine product,” said Jonathan Foulds, an addiction researcher and tobacco specialist at Penn State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foulds and many other experts continue to view e-cigarettes as a potential “off-ramp” for smokers, allowing them to continue using nicotine — the addictive chemical in cigarettes — without inhaling all the toxic byproducts of burning tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they warn the vaping backlash could do irreparable harm to the public perception of e-cigarettes, while ignoring the riskiest products that are most likely to blame for the recent outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal investigators say that nearly 80% of people who have come down with the vaping illness reported using products containing THC, the high-inducing chemical found in marijuana. They have not traced the problem to any single product or ingredient. But investigators are increasingly focused on thickeners and additives found in illegal THC cartridges sold on the black market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, the Food and Drug Administration specifically warned the public not to vape THC or purchase any vaping products off the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>THC vapes are separate from the legal, nicotine-filled e-cigarettes being targeted by President Donald Trump and politicians across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic governors in New York, Michigan, Washington, Rhode Island and Oregon have followed the president’s plan to ban flavored e-cigarettes nationally with their own state-level flavor restrictions. Massachusetts’ Republican governor has gone even further, placing a four-month moratorium on sales of vaping products of any kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem here is we have convinced adult America that vaping is as dangerous as smoking — and nothing could be further from the truth,” said Kenneth Warner, professor emeritus at the University of Michigan’s school of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-cigarettes generally heat a flavored nicotine solution into an inhalable aerosol. There is little research on the long-term effects of inhaling the chemicals in vaping, such as vegetable glycerin. Despite those unknowns, most experts agree e-cigarettes pose a much smaller risk than cigarettes, which cause cancer, lung disease and stroke and account for some 480,000 U.S. deaths each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the current uproar over vaping, most adults considered e-cigarettes dangerous. A 2017 government survey found 55% of Americans considered e-cigarettes as harmful as regular cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the flavor bans are likely to curb teen vaping, Warner and others point out that those policies won’t prohibit flavors in traditional tobacco products. That means both teens and adults could wind up switching to deadlier menthol cigarettes or flavored cigars, which come in coffee, raspberry, chocolate and hundreds of other varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Walking a Policy Tightrope\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The policy debate underscores the challenge of finding the right regulatory scheme for e-cigarettes, products for which there is little high-quality research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 30 countries prohibit vaping products. In contrast, the United Kingdom has fully embraced them as a public health tool, urging doctors to promote them to help smokers quit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. FDA has been struggling to find the right approach since it gained authority over e-cigarettes in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency repeatedly delayed its deadline to begin reviewing e-cigarettes, a step that critics say allowed products like Juul to catch on with teenagers. At the same time, e-cigarette companies and proponents say the agency’s new review deadline of next May is too aggressive and will force most companies out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the agency is trying to walk a tightrope between keeping e-cigarettes away from teens but preserving them for an estimated 10 million adults who use them, most of whom also smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further complicating the picture is the fact that no e-cigarette brand has yet been shown to help smokers quit in rigorous studies. But large-scale surveys suggest smokers who use e-cigarettes daily are up to six times more likely to quit than those who don’t use them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Risk of Smoking Relapse\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The statistics favoring e-cigarettes are bolstered by the experiences of people like Laura Adams, 52, of Battle Creek, Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A smoker since age 16, Adams was rushed to the hospital in April when a coughing fit left her struggling to breathe. Doctors diagnosed her with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, or COPD, and told her she needed to quit cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 25 years previously, Adams had smoked clove-flavored cigarettes. When the government banned those in 2009, she switched to flavored cigars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always liked the flavors better than regular tobacco,” Adams said.\u003cbr>\nAfter her medical emergency, Adams tried a series of e-cigarettes at a local vape shop before settling on a large, refillable device that allowed her to switch between flavors like blueberry, watermelon and peach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as I’m concerned, flavored vaping juice saved my life,” Adams said. “It gave me the option of continuing with my nicotine but without destroying my lungs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Michigan stores pull their flavored products to comply with the state ban, Adams has been researching out-of-state suppliers and even do-it-yourself kits for mixing flavors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some public health advocates fear less motivated ex-smokers will simply return to cigarettes. Even with the success of Juul, e-cigarettes remain a tiny slice of the U.S. tobacco market, accounting for $8.6 billion in sales compared to $95 billion for cigarettes, according to Euromonitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry analysts point to early indicators that e-cigarette sales are beginning to flag amid the bans and negative headlines. E-cigarette sales slowed by 11% over the four weeks ended Sept. 22, according to retail data tracked by Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend “could result in improved combustible cigarette” sales “as vapers potentially return” to smoking, Wells Fargo analyst Bonnie Herzog told investors in a recent note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s exactly the opposite of what public health officials have been trying to achieve, noted former FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, who stepped down in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As FDA chief, Gottlieb outlined an ambitious anti-smoking plan intended to shift most of the nation’s 34 million smokers away from cigarettes and toward less risky products. The unprecedented plan involved a two-step process: cutting nicotine in traditional cigarettes to make them virtually nonaddictive and then promoting FDA-sanctioned, lower-risk alternatives, such as e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the agency has yet to unveil its proposal for cutting nicotine. And a separate proposal to ban menthol cigarettes is still in regulatory limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as the agency begins sweeping flavored e-cigarettes off the market in coming months, Gottlieb fears smokers may revert to regular cigarettes and cigars, which will still have nicotine levels and flavors designed to addict users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was always a package deal, and it’s become even more critical than ever to advance that entire policy agenda,” he said.\u003cbr>\nThe FDA says it remains committed to Gottlieb’s vision of lower-nicotine cigarettes and less-harmful alternative products. The agency’s regulatory calendar lists this month as the target date to release its proposal for regulating nicotine. But that effort will take years to implement and will almost certainly face lawsuits from tobacco companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, it remains unclear which e-cigarettes — if any — will survive the FDA review process set to begin in May.\u003cbr>\nUnder agency standards, only vaping products that represent a net benefit to the nation’s public health are supposed to be permitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proving that standard will require companies to submit detailed analysis of their ingredients and population-level estimates of how their products will impact both adult and underage users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry observers say few, if any, of the thousands of vape shops that mix their own custom flavors and solutions will be able to meet the threshold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s ironic that the vape shops, who really championed e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, are going to be out of business,” said Dr. Neal Benowitz, a nicotine and tobacco researcher at the University of California San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves a handful of industry heavyweights such as Juul, which could benefit from billions in research funding from Marlboro-maker Altria, the tobacco company that owns a 35% stake in the vaping firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Juul has been besieged by lawsuits and investigations into its alleged role in triggering the explosion of teen vaping. That history could block the company from ever winning FDA approval for its current device, according to former FDA officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Third Way\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The uncertainty swirling around vaping could clear the path for another product that is neither a traditional cigarette nor an e-cigarette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the FDA authorized the sale of a first-of-a-kind device, IQOS, that heats tobacco without burning it. The approach is designed to mimic the experience of smoking while producing fewer toxic chemicals than paper-and-tobacco cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battery-powered device is getting a preliminary launch this month in Atlanta ahead of a wider rollout. But IQOS’s pedigree underscores the persistence of Big Tobacco companies, even in a world increasingly focused on vaping and other alternative products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IQOS was developed by Philip Morris International, the global tobacco giant that sells Marlboro cigarettes overseas. It will be sold in the U.S. by the biggest American cigarette maker, Altria, which is also Juul’s biggest investor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Only two years ago, electronic cigarettes were viewed as a small industry with big potential to improve public health by offering a path to steer millions of smokers away from deadly cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That promise led U.S. regulators to take a hands-off approach to e-cigarette makers, including a Silicon Valley startup named Juul Labs, which was being praised for creating “the iPhone of e-cigarettes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Juul and hundreds of smaller companies are at the center of a political backlash that threatens to sweep e-cigarettes from store shelves nationwide as politicians scramble to address two separate public health crises tied to vaping: underage use among teenagers and a mysterious and sometimes fatal lung ailment that has affected more than 1,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New restrictions at the local, state and federal level are poised to wipe out thousands of fruit-, candy- and dessert-flavored vapes that have attracted teens. But experts who study tobacco policy fear the scattershot approach of the clampdown could have damaging, unintended consequences, including driving adults who vape back to cigarette smoking, which remains the nation’s leading preventable cause of death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could take us from potentially the single biggest improvement in public health in the United States toward a public health disaster in which cigarettes continue to be the dominant nicotine product,” said Jonathan Foulds, an addiction researcher and tobacco specialist at Penn State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foulds and many other experts continue to view e-cigarettes as a potential “off-ramp” for smokers, allowing them to continue using nicotine — the addictive chemical in cigarettes — without inhaling all the toxic byproducts of burning tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they warn the vaping backlash could do irreparable harm to the public perception of e-cigarettes, while ignoring the riskiest products that are most likely to blame for the recent outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal investigators say that nearly 80% of people who have come down with the vaping illness reported using products containing THC, the high-inducing chemical found in marijuana. They have not traced the problem to any single product or ingredient. But investigators are increasingly focused on thickeners and additives found in illegal THC cartridges sold on the black market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, the Food and Drug Administration specifically warned the public not to vape THC or purchase any vaping products off the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>THC vapes are separate from the legal, nicotine-filled e-cigarettes being targeted by President Donald Trump and politicians across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic governors in New York, Michigan, Washington, Rhode Island and Oregon have followed the president’s plan to ban flavored e-cigarettes nationally with their own state-level flavor restrictions. Massachusetts’ Republican governor has gone even further, placing a four-month moratorium on sales of vaping products of any kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem here is we have convinced adult America that vaping is as dangerous as smoking — and nothing could be further from the truth,” said Kenneth Warner, professor emeritus at the University of Michigan’s school of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-cigarettes generally heat a flavored nicotine solution into an inhalable aerosol. There is little research on the long-term effects of inhaling the chemicals in vaping, such as vegetable glycerin. Despite those unknowns, most experts agree e-cigarettes pose a much smaller risk than cigarettes, which cause cancer, lung disease and stroke and account for some 480,000 U.S. deaths each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the current uproar over vaping, most adults considered e-cigarettes dangerous. A 2017 government survey found 55% of Americans considered e-cigarettes as harmful as regular cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the flavor bans are likely to curb teen vaping, Warner and others point out that those policies won’t prohibit flavors in traditional tobacco products. That means both teens and adults could wind up switching to deadlier menthol cigarettes or flavored cigars, which come in coffee, raspberry, chocolate and hundreds of other varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Walking a Policy Tightrope\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The policy debate underscores the challenge of finding the right regulatory scheme for e-cigarettes, products for which there is little high-quality research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 30 countries prohibit vaping products. In contrast, the United Kingdom has fully embraced them as a public health tool, urging doctors to promote them to help smokers quit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. FDA has been struggling to find the right approach since it gained authority over e-cigarettes in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency repeatedly delayed its deadline to begin reviewing e-cigarettes, a step that critics say allowed products like Juul to catch on with teenagers. At the same time, e-cigarette companies and proponents say the agency’s new review deadline of next May is too aggressive and will force most companies out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the agency is trying to walk a tightrope between keeping e-cigarettes away from teens but preserving them for an estimated 10 million adults who use them, most of whom also smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further complicating the picture is the fact that no e-cigarette brand has yet been shown to help smokers quit in rigorous studies. But large-scale surveys suggest smokers who use e-cigarettes daily are up to six times more likely to quit than those who don’t use them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Risk of Smoking Relapse\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The statistics favoring e-cigarettes are bolstered by the experiences of people like Laura Adams, 52, of Battle Creek, Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A smoker since age 16, Adams was rushed to the hospital in April when a coughing fit left her struggling to breathe. Doctors diagnosed her with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, or COPD, and told her she needed to quit cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 25 years previously, Adams had smoked clove-flavored cigarettes. When the government banned those in 2009, she switched to flavored cigars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always liked the flavors better than regular tobacco,” Adams said.\u003cbr>\nAfter her medical emergency, Adams tried a series of e-cigarettes at a local vape shop before settling on a large, refillable device that allowed her to switch between flavors like blueberry, watermelon and peach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as I’m concerned, flavored vaping juice saved my life,” Adams said. “It gave me the option of continuing with my nicotine but without destroying my lungs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Michigan stores pull their flavored products to comply with the state ban, Adams has been researching out-of-state suppliers and even do-it-yourself kits for mixing flavors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some public health advocates fear less motivated ex-smokers will simply return to cigarettes. Even with the success of Juul, e-cigarettes remain a tiny slice of the U.S. tobacco market, accounting for $8.6 billion in sales compared to $95 billion for cigarettes, according to Euromonitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry analysts point to early indicators that e-cigarette sales are beginning to flag amid the bans and negative headlines. E-cigarette sales slowed by 11% over the four weeks ended Sept. 22, according to retail data tracked by Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend “could result in improved combustible cigarette” sales “as vapers potentially return” to smoking, Wells Fargo analyst Bonnie Herzog told investors in a recent note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s exactly the opposite of what public health officials have been trying to achieve, noted former FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, who stepped down in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As FDA chief, Gottlieb outlined an ambitious anti-smoking plan intended to shift most of the nation’s 34 million smokers away from cigarettes and toward less risky products. The unprecedented plan involved a two-step process: cutting nicotine in traditional cigarettes to make them virtually nonaddictive and then promoting FDA-sanctioned, lower-risk alternatives, such as e-cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the agency has yet to unveil its proposal for cutting nicotine. And a separate proposal to ban menthol cigarettes is still in regulatory limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as the agency begins sweeping flavored e-cigarettes off the market in coming months, Gottlieb fears smokers may revert to regular cigarettes and cigars, which will still have nicotine levels and flavors designed to addict users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was always a package deal, and it’s become even more critical than ever to advance that entire policy agenda,” he said.\u003cbr>\nThe FDA says it remains committed to Gottlieb’s vision of lower-nicotine cigarettes and less-harmful alternative products. The agency’s regulatory calendar lists this month as the target date to release its proposal for regulating nicotine. But that effort will take years to implement and will almost certainly face lawsuits from tobacco companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, it remains unclear which e-cigarettes — if any — will survive the FDA review process set to begin in May.\u003cbr>\nUnder agency standards, only vaping products that represent a net benefit to the nation’s public health are supposed to be permitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proving that standard will require companies to submit detailed analysis of their ingredients and population-level estimates of how their products will impact both adult and underage users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry observers say few, if any, of the thousands of vape shops that mix their own custom flavors and solutions will be able to meet the threshold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s ironic that the vape shops, who really championed e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, are going to be out of business,” said Dr. Neal Benowitz, a nicotine and tobacco researcher at the University of California San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves a handful of industry heavyweights such as Juul, which could benefit from billions in research funding from Marlboro-maker Altria, the tobacco company that owns a 35% stake in the vaping firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Juul has been besieged by lawsuits and investigations into its alleged role in triggering the explosion of teen vaping. That history could block the company from ever winning FDA approval for its current device, according to former FDA officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Third Way\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The uncertainty swirling around vaping could clear the path for another product that is neither a traditional cigarette nor an e-cigarette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the FDA authorized the sale of a first-of-a-kind device, IQOS, that heats tobacco without burning it. The approach is designed to mimic the experience of smoking while producing fewer toxic chemicals than paper-and-tobacco cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battery-powered device is getting a preliminary launch this month in Atlanta ahead of a wider rollout. But IQOS’s pedigree underscores the persistence of Big Tobacco companies, even in a world increasingly focused on vaping and other alternative products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IQOS was developed by Philip Morris International, the global tobacco giant that sells Marlboro cigarettes overseas. It will be sold in the U.S. by the biggest American cigarette maker, Altria, which is also Juul’s biggest investor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump signed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-proclamation-suspension-entry-immigrants-will-financially-burden-united-states-healthcare-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proclamation\u003c/a> late Friday barring legal immigrants who cannot prove they will have health care coverage or the means to pay for it within 30 days of their arrival to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said uninsured individuals are a burden on the health care industry and U.S. taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigrants who enter this country should not further saddle our health care system, and subsequently American taxpayers, with higher costs,” Trump declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning Nov. 3, only immigrants covered by approved health insurance or those who can show they can pay for “reasonably foreseeable medical costs” will be allowed entry into the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement affects immigrants applying for visas from overseas. It doesn’t apply to non-citizen children of U.S. citizens. Refugees and asylum-seekers are also exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='More Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it would apply to the spouses and parents of U.S. citizens and the immediate family members of lawful permanent residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proclamation is the latest effort by the Trump administration to limit the number of low-income immigrants coming to the United States. The administration also plans to make it harder for immigrants to get green cards if they use a wide range of public benefits. That new rule is set to take effect this month, although it is facing legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new proclamation is also expected to be challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this policy survives the inevitable court challenges and is implemented, it will create a new and arbitrary hurdle for some half a million green card applicants each year,” Doug Rand, who worked on immigration policy in the Barack Obama administration, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consular officers will deny the parents of U.S. citizens based on a snap judgment about their apparent health. U.S. citizens will be separated from their husbands and wives abroad based on a failure to demonstrate health insurance coverage or a subjective level of wealth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump signed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/presidential-proclamation-suspension-entry-immigrants-will-financially-burden-united-states-healthcare-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proclamation\u003c/a> late Friday barring legal immigrants who cannot prove they will have health care coverage or the means to pay for it within 30 days of their arrival to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said uninsured individuals are a burden on the health care industry and U.S. taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigrants who enter this country should not further saddle our health care system, and subsequently American taxpayers, with higher costs,” Trump declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning Nov. 3, only immigrants covered by approved health insurance or those who can show they can pay for “reasonably foreseeable medical costs” will be allowed entry into the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement affects immigrants applying for visas from overseas. It doesn’t apply to non-citizen children of U.S. citizens. Refugees and asylum-seekers are also exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it would apply to the spouses and parents of U.S. citizens and the immediate family members of lawful permanent residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proclamation is the latest effort by the Trump administration to limit the number of low-income immigrants coming to the United States. The administration also plans to make it harder for immigrants to get green cards if they use a wide range of public benefits. That new rule is set to take effect this month, although it is facing legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new proclamation is also expected to be challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this policy survives the inevitable court challenges and is implemented, it will create a new and arbitrary hurdle for some half a million green card applicants each year,” Doug Rand, who worked on immigration policy in the Barack Obama administration, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consular officers will deny the parents of U.S. citizens based on a snap judgment about their apparent health. U.S. citizens will be separated from their husbands and wives abroad based on a failure to demonstrate health insurance coverage or a subjective level of wealth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s a widely known vaping cartridge in the marijuana economy, but it’s not a licensed brand. And it’s got the kind of market buzz no legitimate company would want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaping cartridges that go by the catchy, one-syllable name “Dank” — a slang word for highly potent cannabis — are figuring prominently in the federal investigation to determine what has caused a rash of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/51256e90d63a41af9b33f2682d641053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mysterious and sometimes fatal lung illnesses\u003c/a> apparently linked to vaping. Most of the cases have involved products that contain the marijuana compound THC, often obtained from illegal sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Allison Margolin, cannabis attorney\"]‘It doesn’t look very different from what you can buy in a [legal] dispensary.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suspect Dank vapes are a familiar product in the underground marijuana economy — it’s not a legal, tested brand. It’s merely a name on a box or a cartridge, packaging that’s easily obtained online and used by \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/5817cb09f1b941878013e19e27990fc2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">illicit producers to lure customers.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with colorful boxes and names like Cherry Kush and Blue Dream, the homemade vapes appear alluring on the shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t look very different from what you can buy in a [legal] dispensary,” said Beverly Hills-based cannabis attorney Allison Margolin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, investigators have not identified a culprit in the illnesses reported in dozens of states. But officials say patients have mentioned the Dank name frequently. Many of the people who got sick in Illinois and Wisconsin, for example, said they used cartridges sold in Dank packaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The raw materials to produce a Dank vape aren’t hard to find: Ready-to-fill Dank boxes and cartridges can be ordered from Chinese internet sites for pennies apiece. A Craigslist post last week offered a box stuffed with empty Dank packages for $16. And you can buy the boxes and empty cartridges in shops in downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rogue producer adds cannabis oil — almost certainly untested — and it’s ready for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a generic product name that doesn’t really tie back to one store or one distributor,” Dr. Jennifer Layden, chief medical officer for the Illinois Department of Public Health, said last month. “Folks are getting it from friends or folks on the street, with no understanding of where it came from prior to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chief selling point for vapes in Dank packaging: It’s a quick high on the cheap, available for as little as $20 a gram on the illicit market, roughly one-third of what a customer would pay for a cartridge in a legal marijuana shop in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they come with real risk: Products in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/Marijuana\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legal marijuana market\u003c/a> are tested for safety and purity, while those in the illicit market are not, and could contain pesticides, heavy metals or other dangerous contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to California records, no licensed company in the state is manufacturing a cannabis vape carrying the Dank name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was never a legitimate company,” said Los Angeles dispensary owner Donnie Anderson. “It was always an underground brand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the shadowy pedigree of Dank vapes, it’s not surprising that details about the product’s history are scarce. In California, the Dank name appears to have emerged during the largely unregulated medical cannabis era, prior to broad legalization that began in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dispensary owner Jerred Kiloh, who heads the Los Angeles-based \u003ca href=\"https://ucba.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Cannabis Business Association\u003c/a>, recalls seeing Dank vapes for the first time about seven years ago. Kiloh remembers being visited by vendors interested in selling them at his shop, though that stopped long ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What remains is the name, which has managed to retain a surprising cachet in the underground industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Wisconsin authorities uncovered an illegal vaping-cartridge operation that they said was producing thousands of cartridges, each loaded with THC oil, every day for nearly two years. Photographs released by the Kenosha County Sheriff’s Department showed neatly stacked Dank boxes and cartridges, apparently ready for shipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also last month, Minnesota authorities seized nearly 77,000 THC vaping cartridges, some of which were packaged in Dank boxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more vaping stories\" tag=\"vaping\"]In November 2018, authorities in Lorain County, Ohio, intercepted four packages mailed from California holding individually wrapped and sealed packages of Dank cartridges. They believed numerous similar packages were sent to the area previously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dank Vapes appears to be the most prominent in a class of largely counterfeit brands, with common packaging that is easily available online and that is used by distributors to market THC-containing cartridges with no obvious centralized production or distribution,” said a report by Illinois and Wisconsin officials, and from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say the vaping-related illnesses resemble an inhalation injury. Symptoms have included shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, diarrhea and vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Gershoni, co-founder of vape producer Jetty Extracts, who sits on the board of the California Cannabis Manufacturers Association, said the strictly regulated legal industry has been working to distinguish itself from the underground market that continues to thrive in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His company doesn’t view Dank vapes as a competitor, but he understands how the name has survived in the illegal market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They “essentially sell empty packaging, and anyone can fill it,” he said. “It’s a business model that made sense [to] anybody who wanted to make a buck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>The mystery of the outbreak of vaping-related lung illnesses is still not solved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But investigators in Illinois and Wisconsin have found some clues, they announced Friday in a press briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in these two states conducted detailed interviews with 86 patients — mostly young men — and 66% said they had vaped THC products labeled as Dank Vapes. THC is the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are Dank Vapes and how could they be fueling the outbreak?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dank Vapes appears to be the most prominent in a class of largely counterfeit brands, with common packaging that is easily available online and that is used by distributors to market THC-containing cartridges,” said a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6839e2.htm?s_cid=mm6839e2_w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from state investigators published Friday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has been warning since the outbreak began about the risks of buying products “off the street,” and Friday’s update highlighted the risks of the black market. Sometimes young consumers don’t even realize that they’re buying unregulated or illicit products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“THC-based products were most often acquired from informal sources such as down the street from friends or from a dealer,” said Jennifer Layden of the Illinois Department of Public Health at the press briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the country, law enforcement is trying to crack down on black market dealers. In Wisconsin earlier this month, two brothers were \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/US/wisconsin-brothers-accused-running-illegal-thc-vape-cartridge/story?id=65558903\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arrested\u003c/a> for allegedly running a large THC vape ring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And earlier this week, police in Waynesboro, Va., arrested three men and recovered more than 1,000 vape cartridges that were labeled as containing a 90% THC oil mixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re labeled Dank Vapes,” Capt. Mike Martin of the Waynesboro Police Department says. “They appear commercially packaged, and there are a variety of different flavors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mixture appears as “a standard-looking brownish oil. … It has the consistency of … maybe, like a motor oil,” Martin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen a haul like this,” Martin says. He estimates they recovered about $35,000 worth of vaping product. “They were selling these [on] the street.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One difficultly in unraveling this outbreak is that many of the patients around the country who have gotten sick acknowledge using both THC and nicotine vaping products and have used a wide variety of brands and products. In fact, the 86 patients in Wisconsin and Illinois reported using 234 different products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, investigators now seem more focused on the role THC may be playing in this outbreak, since the majority of the people who have become ill around the country reported using THC or both THC and nicotine, according to a CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6839e1.htm?s_cid=mm6839e1_w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> published Friday. And the CDC updated its warning against vaping to emphasize the risk of THC products: “CDC recommends people consider refraining from using e-cigarette, or vaping, products, particularly those containing THC,” the CDC’s Anne Schuchat said during a telebriefing Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people who are unsuspecting, black market products like Dank Vapes can be deceptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dank Vapes sounds like a cool name, it sounds like a cool product and it looks like legitimate packaging,” says Jeffrey Kahn, who operates a medical marijuana dispensary in Washington, D.C. But, he says, unlike the regulated products he sells, you don’t necessarily know what’s in black market products. “If one or two or hundreds of people are unscrupulously filling them with dangerous material, then people could suffer,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Many+Vaping+Illnesses+Linked+To+Black+Market+%27Dank+Vapes%27+Or+Other+THC+Products&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The mystery of the outbreak of vaping-related lung illnesses is still not solved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But investigators in Illinois and Wisconsin have found some clues, they announced Friday in a press briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in these two states conducted detailed interviews with 86 patients — mostly young men — and 66% said they had vaped THC products labeled as Dank Vapes. THC is the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are Dank Vapes and how could they be fueling the outbreak?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dank Vapes appears to be the most prominent in a class of largely counterfeit brands, with common packaging that is easily available online and that is used by distributors to market THC-containing cartridges,” said a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6839e2.htm?s_cid=mm6839e2_w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from state investigators published Friday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has been warning since the outbreak began about the risks of buying products “off the street,” and Friday’s update highlighted the risks of the black market. Sometimes young consumers don’t even realize that they’re buying unregulated or illicit products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“THC-based products were most often acquired from informal sources such as down the street from friends or from a dealer,” said Jennifer Layden of the Illinois Department of Public Health at the press briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the country, law enforcement is trying to crack down on black market dealers. In Wisconsin earlier this month, two brothers were \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/US/wisconsin-brothers-accused-running-illegal-thc-vape-cartridge/story?id=65558903\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arrested\u003c/a> for allegedly running a large THC vape ring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And earlier this week, police in Waynesboro, Va., arrested three men and recovered more than 1,000 vape cartridges that were labeled as containing a 90% THC oil mixture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re labeled Dank Vapes,” Capt. Mike Martin of the Waynesboro Police Department says. “They appear commercially packaged, and there are a variety of different flavors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mixture appears as “a standard-looking brownish oil. … It has the consistency of … maybe, like a motor oil,” Martin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen a haul like this,” Martin says. He estimates they recovered about $35,000 worth of vaping product. “They were selling these [on] the street.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One difficultly in unraveling this outbreak is that many of the patients around the country who have gotten sick acknowledge using both THC and nicotine vaping products and have used a wide variety of brands and products. In fact, the 86 patients in Wisconsin and Illinois reported using 234 different products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, investigators now seem more focused on the role THC may be playing in this outbreak, since the majority of the people who have become ill around the country reported using THC or both THC and nicotine, according to a CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6839e1.htm?s_cid=mm6839e1_w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> published Friday. And the CDC updated its warning against vaping to emphasize the risk of THC products: “CDC recommends people consider refraining from using e-cigarette, or vaping, products, particularly those containing THC,” the CDC’s Anne Schuchat said during a telebriefing Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For people who are unsuspecting, black market products like Dank Vapes can be deceptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dank Vapes sounds like a cool name, it sounds like a cool product and it looks like legitimate packaging,” says Jeffrey Kahn, who operates a medical marijuana dispensary in Washington, D.C. But, he says, unlike the regulated products he sells, you don’t necessarily know what’s in black market products. “If one or two or hundreds of people are unscrupulously filling them with dangerous material, then people could suffer,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Many+Vaping+Illnesses+Linked+To+Black+Market+%27Dank+Vapes%27+Or+Other+THC+Products&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change means it’s getting hotter everywhere in California, making it feel like summer for more of the year.\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1947420\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/09/Covering-Climate-Now-Logo-1020x1019.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"219\" height=\"219\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But heat can be a sneaky threat to our health and safety. You might think of it as a party crasher. But heat isn’t leaving. In fact, it’s getting more dangerous and deadly — even in parts of California you wouldn’t expect, like the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Inland Empire distribution warehouses to genteel homes in San Francisco’s nook-and-cranny neighborhoods, heat creeps in and harms anyone in the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last three years, KQED Science reporter \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/mpeterson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Molly Peterson\u003c/a> has been chasing heat here in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1934110,science_1932692,science_1932903,science_1933237,science_1933708 label='Read The Full Heat Series' \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">heroURL=\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">'https://www.kqed.org/heat'\u003c/span>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s found it in homes, schools and workplaces. She’s talked to more than 100 Californians living and working where it gets too hot, to chart some of the ways this unwanted visitor affects the most vulnerable people — laborers, elders and those with high blood pressure and respiratory ailments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To illuminate how high temperatures affect indoor workers’ ability to function, think and stay healthy, Peterson sent small heat index sensors into places a journalist couldn’t go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who clean office buildings after the air conditioning shuts off, or attach security tags on fast-fashion apparel draped in plastic hanger bags carried those sensors to their workplaces, where they routinely recorded indoor temperatures in the 90s, even at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also described how hard it is to cool down, take breaks or get other relief on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No federal or state laws regulate heat exposure for people who work indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat also lurks where people least expect it, defying the old adage that the coldest winter can be a summer in San Francisco. During Labor Day weekend in 2017, a heat wave killed more than a dozen people in three Bay Area counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11776830\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 272px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11776830\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"272\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-687x916.jpg 687w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-414x552.jpg 414w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-354x472.jpg 354w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut.jpg 864w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colleen Loughman lived alone much of her life, in temperate San Francisco. Then a heat wave brought 100-degree temperatures to the city for two straight days in 2017. Loughman was an enthusiastic godmother to Claudia Hernandez and Hernandez’s children. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The average age of the victims was 78, and some succumbed in homes without air conditioning. One woman died inside the place she’d called home all her life, flanked by neighbors she no longer knew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the United Kingdom, where the government includes a cabinet-level Minister for Loneliness, the city of San Francisco recognizes that social isolation can jeopardize health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why organizers promote block parties and other activities that encourage neighbors to meet one another and band together during emergencies including power outages, earthquakes and extreme heat episodes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Report Magazine devotes its whole show this week to stories about heat, and about ways we can protect ourselves from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black;font-family: -webkit-standard,serif\">\u003ci>This documentary was reported and written by Molly Peterson, with grant support \u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"color: black;font-family: -webkit-standard,serif\">\u003ci>from the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism Impact Fund.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"color: black;font-family: -webkit-standard,serif\">\u003ci> It’s part of KQED Science’s partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s found it in homes, schools and workplaces. She’s talked to more than 100 Californians living and working where it gets too hot, to chart some of the ways this unwanted visitor affects the most vulnerable people — laborers, elders and those with high blood pressure and respiratory ailments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To illuminate how high temperatures affect indoor workers’ ability to function, think and stay healthy, Peterson sent small heat index sensors into places a journalist couldn’t go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who clean office buildings after the air conditioning shuts off, or attach security tags on fast-fashion apparel draped in plastic hanger bags carried those sensors to their workplaces, where they routinely recorded indoor temperatures in the 90s, even at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also described how hard it is to cool down, take breaks or get other relief on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No federal or state laws regulate heat exposure for people who work indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat also lurks where people least expect it, defying the old adage that the coldest winter can be a summer in San Francisco. During Labor Day weekend in 2017, a heat wave killed more than a dozen people in three Bay Area counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11776830\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 272px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11776830\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"272\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-840x1120.jpg 840w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-687x916.jpg 687w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-414x552.jpg 414w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut-354x472.jpg 354w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/RS33116_IMG_6270-qut.jpg 864w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 272px) 100vw, 272px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colleen Loughman lived alone much of her life, in temperate San Francisco. Then a heat wave brought 100-degree temperatures to the city for two straight days in 2017. Loughman was an enthusiastic godmother to Claudia Hernandez and Hernandez’s children. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The average age of the victims was 78, and some succumbed in homes without air conditioning. One woman died inside the place she’d called home all her life, flanked by neighbors she no longer knew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the United Kingdom, where the government includes a cabinet-level Minister for Loneliness, the city of San Francisco recognizes that social isolation can jeopardize health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why organizers promote block parties and other activities that encourage neighbors to meet one another and band together during emergencies including power outages, earthquakes and extreme heat episodes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Report Magazine devotes its whole show this week to stories about heat, and about ways we can protect ourselves from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black;font-family: -webkit-standard,serif\">\u003ci>This documentary was reported and written by Molly Peterson, with grant support \u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"color: black;font-family: -webkit-standard,serif\">\u003ci>from the USC Annenberg Center for Health Journalism Impact Fund.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"color: black;font-family: -webkit-standard,serif\">\u003ci> It’s part of KQED Science’s partnership with Covering Climate Now, a global collaboration of more than 250 news outlets to strengthen coverage of the climate story.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Kaiser Permanente and a coalition of 11 unions that represent the health care provider’s employees in several states, including California, reached a tentative contract deal on Wednesday. The four-year agreement includes wage increases, a workforce development program and stronger restrictions on outsourcing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This agreement will allow us to rebuild the worker-management partnership that has been so important to all of us in making Kaiser successful over the last 20 years,” said Georgette Bradford, an ultrasound technologist at Kaiser in Sacramento, in a union press release. “Reaching an agreement was not easy, it had lots of twists and turns, but in the end we accomplished what we set out to do — reach an agreement that is good for patients, workers and our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal comes after months of bargaining and several demonstrations by members of the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Unions. Workers were threatening a nationwide strike in mid-October that would have involved more than 80,000 employees. The threat of this strike has now been withdrawn, according to Kaiser Permanente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We greatly respect and value our employees who deliver on our mission every day,” said Arlene Peasnall, interim chief human resources officer of Kaiser Permanente Health Plan and Hospitals, in a statement. “This agreement is a testament to the dedication, compassion, and skill those employees bring to work every day and demonstrates that Kaiser Permanente and the Coalition have a shared commitment to affordability for our members.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kaiser Permanente has an unparalleled track record of working constructively with labor to solve problems together to improve the care and service offered to our members and patients,” Peasnall added. “We may disagree at times, but we have always been able to work through our challenges to align on common goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"kaiser-permanente\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All employees covered by the contract, which spans seven states and Washington, D.C., will receive wage increases. The contract covers only Kaiser Permanente employees whose unions are part of the coalition, the bulk of whom are based in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roughly 67,000 California-based employees included in the agreement will receive annual raises of 3% through 2023. The deal also outlines full protection of retirement benefits and a ban on subcontracting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, the agreement will create a $130 million program to reduce the shortage of health care workers in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not aware of a similar arrangement in a similar industry, and certainly not at this scale,” said Sean Wherley of SEIU-United Healthcare Workers West, one of the unions in the coalition. “This is something the workers have been pushing for in bargaining.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tentative agreement now goes to members of the coalition for ratification. Voting is expected to be completed by the end of October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If ratified, the contract will go into effect on Oct. 1, 2019, and will cover many of Kaiser Permanente’s workers in California, Oregon, Washington, Colorado, Maryland, Virginia, Hawaii and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Alice Woelfle contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Kaiser Permanente and a coalition of 11 unions that represent the health care provider’s employees in several states, including California, reached a tentative contract deal on Wednesday. The four-year agreement includes wage increases, a workforce development program and stronger restrictions on outsourcing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This agreement will allow us to rebuild the worker-management partnership that has been so important to all of us in making Kaiser successful over the last 20 years,” said Georgette Bradford, an ultrasound technologist at Kaiser in Sacramento, in a union press release. “Reaching an agreement was not easy, it had lots of twists and turns, but in the end we accomplished what we set out to do — reach an agreement that is good for patients, workers and our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal comes after months of bargaining and several demonstrations by members of the Coalition of Kaiser Permanente Unions. Workers were threatening a nationwide strike in mid-October that would have involved more than 80,000 employees. The threat of this strike has now been withdrawn, according to Kaiser Permanente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We greatly respect and value our employees who deliver on our mission every day,” said Arlene Peasnall, interim chief human resources officer of Kaiser Permanente Health Plan and Hospitals, in a statement. “This agreement is a testament to the dedication, compassion, and skill those employees bring to work every day and demonstrates that Kaiser Permanente and the Coalition have a shared commitment to affordability for our members.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kaiser Permanente has an unparalleled track record of working constructively with labor to solve problems together to improve the care and service offered to our members and patients,” Peasnall added. “We may disagree at times, but we have always been able to work through our challenges to align on common goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All employees covered by the contract, which spans seven states and Washington, D.C., will receive wage increases. The contract covers only Kaiser Permanente employees whose unions are part of the coalition, the bulk of whom are based in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roughly 67,000 California-based employees included in the agreement will receive annual raises of 3% through 2023. The deal also outlines full protection of retirement benefits and a ban on subcontracting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, the agreement will create a $130 million program to reduce the shortage of health care workers in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not aware of a similar arrangement in a similar industry, and certainly not at this scale,” said Sean Wherley of SEIU-United Healthcare Workers West, one of the unions in the coalition. “This is something the workers have been pushing for in bargaining.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tentative agreement now goes to members of the coalition for ratification. Voting is expected to be completed by the end of October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If ratified, the contract will go into effect on Oct. 1, 2019, and will cover many of Kaiser Permanente’s workers in California, Oregon, Washington, Colorado, Maryland, Virginia, Hawaii and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Alice Woelfle contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 1:01 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul Labs has agreed to stop advertising its popular e-cigarettes in the United States and announced that its chief executive officer is stepping down as state and federal regulators examine hundreds of cases of people who are sick from what appears to be a vaping-related lung disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also said in a \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/2019/09/25/juul-labs-names-new-leadership-outlines-changes-to-policy-and-marketing-efforts/\">Wednesday statement\u003c/a> that it will not push back on a Trump administration plan to pull flavored e-cigarettes from the market until the controversial products are approved by federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the statement, Juul officials said the company will be “refraining from lobbying the administration on its draft guidance” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/09/11/759851853/fda-to-banish-flavored-e-cigarettes-to-combat-youth-vaping\">that proposes\u003c/a> banning fruit-flavored vaping products, unless approved by the Food and Drug Administration, in an attempt to make the e-cigarettes less available to young consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"juul\"]News of the departure of Juul’s CEO, Kevin Burns, was accompanied by \u003ca href=\"http://investor.altria.com/file/Index?KeyFile=399843894\">an announcement\u003c/a> that merger discussions have been called off between Philip Morris, the maker of Marlboro cigarettes, and Altria, the tobacco giant that owns \u003ca href=\"http://investor.altria.com/file/Index?KeyFile=396169695\">a 35% stake in Juul\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burns will be succeeded by K.C. Crosthwaite, the chief growth officer at Altria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Crosthwaite said vaping products originally were introduced to move adult smokers to a safer alternative. But hundreds of cases around the country of mostly young users experiencing a mysterious breathing ailment thought to be tied to vaping is raising new alarms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the company’s original mission is at risk “due to unacceptable levels of youth usage and eroding public confidence in our industry. Against that backdrop, we must strive to work with regulators, policymakers and other stakeholders, and earn the trust of the societies in which we operate,” Crosthwaite said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flavored e-cigarettes represent the majority of Juul’s sales, but analysts have said the company’s decision to stop fighting the Trump administration’s regulations might fend off an even bigger blow to the company: the federal government banning Juul from selling any of its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 530 people in 38 states \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/09/24/763968586/if-e-cigs-were-romaine-lettuce-theyd-be-off-the-shelf-vapers-mom-tells-congress\">have been sickened\u003c/a> with a vaping-related lung disease, and nine people have died. Health experts are also concerned about long-term pulmonary issues from vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet health experts have not tied the outbreak to any specific product or type of e-cigarette. Many cases of the mysterious respiratory illness are connected to people who have used e-cigarette products to vape marijuana bought on the black market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States including \u003ca href=\"https://www.wgbh.org/news/local-news/2019/09/24/baker-plans-4-month-ban-on-vaping-products-in-massachusetts\">Massachusetts,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wnyc.org/story/new-york-moves-enact-statewide-flavored-e-cig-ban/\">New York\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.michiganradio.org/post/gov-whitmer-orders-ban-flavored-e-cigarettes\">Michigan\u003c/a> have passed bans on the sale of vaping products and attorneys general in a number of states, including \u003ca href=\"http://illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/pressroom/2019_09/20190923.html\">Illinois\u003c/a>, are investigating whether Juul violated consumer protection laws by marketing its products to underage teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ned Sharpless, the acting FDA commissioner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/remarks-prepared-testimony-us-house-energy-and-commerce-subcommittee-fda-regulation-electronic\">told\u003c/a> a subcommittee of the House Energy and Commerce Committee on Wednesday that the Trump administration’s soon-to-be finalized policy of banning flavored vaping products could change if e-cigarette companies can win federal approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This policy would not mean that flavored e-cigarettes could never be marketed,” Sharpless said. “If a company can show through an application to FDA that a specific product meets the standard set forth by Congress, then the FDA would authorize” the sale of the products, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"K.C. Crosthwaite, Juul's newly appointed CEO\"]‘We must strive to work with regulators, policymakers and other stakeholders, and earn the trust of the societies in which we operate.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing, Democratic Rep. Joe Kennedy of Massachusetts asked if the surge in vaping-related illnesses represents “a massive regulatory failure.” Sharpless conceded that the federal government missed some important warning signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In retrospect, the FDA should have acted sooner,” Sharpless said. “We should have acted to regulate these devices sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from the National Institute on Drug Abuse \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/news-releases/2019/09/teen-e-cigarette-use-doubles-2017\">found that\u003c/a> the percentage of teenagers who are vaping doubled in the past two years, with about 1 in 4 high school students using e-cigarettes in the past month. That has led the institute’s director, Nora Volkow, to declare vaping “a public health crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These products introduce the highly addictive chemical nicotine to these young people and their developing brains, and I fear we are only beginning to learn the possible health risks and outcomes for youth,” Volkow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is set to release its policy restricting the sale of flavored vaping products in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, Juul has taken steps to combat the selling of its products to minors, including requiring some retail stores to electronically verify government-issued ID before allowing someone to buy its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics of Juul have accused the company of deliberately targeting young people by marketing flavors including mango, cucumber and mint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA’s office of criminal investigations is currently probing products that are reportedly making people ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“FDA is not pursuing any actions associated with personal use of any vaping products, our interest is in the suppliers,” Sharpless told Congress on Wednesday. “But to be clear, if we determine that someone is manufacturing or distributing illicit, adulterated vaping products that caused illness and death for personal profit, we would consider that to be a criminal act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Juul+Accepts+Proposed+Ban+On+Flavored+Vaping+Products+As+CEO+Steps+Down&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 1:01 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul Labs has agreed to stop advertising its popular e-cigarettes in the United States and announced that its chief executive officer is stepping down as state and federal regulators examine hundreds of cases of people who are sick from what appears to be a vaping-related lung disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also said in a \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/2019/09/25/juul-labs-names-new-leadership-outlines-changes-to-policy-and-marketing-efforts/\">Wednesday statement\u003c/a> that it will not push back on a Trump administration plan to pull flavored e-cigarettes from the market until the controversial products are approved by federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the statement, Juul officials said the company will be “refraining from lobbying the administration on its draft guidance” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/09/11/759851853/fda-to-banish-flavored-e-cigarettes-to-combat-youth-vaping\">that proposes\u003c/a> banning fruit-flavored vaping products, unless approved by the Food and Drug Administration, in an attempt to make the e-cigarettes less available to young consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>News of the departure of Juul’s CEO, Kevin Burns, was accompanied by \u003ca href=\"http://investor.altria.com/file/Index?KeyFile=399843894\">an announcement\u003c/a> that merger discussions have been called off between Philip Morris, the maker of Marlboro cigarettes, and Altria, the tobacco giant that owns \u003ca href=\"http://investor.altria.com/file/Index?KeyFile=396169695\">a 35% stake in Juul\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burns will be succeeded by K.C. Crosthwaite, the chief growth officer at Altria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Crosthwaite said vaping products originally were introduced to move adult smokers to a safer alternative. But hundreds of cases around the country of mostly young users experiencing a mysterious breathing ailment thought to be tied to vaping is raising new alarms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the company’s original mission is at risk “due to unacceptable levels of youth usage and eroding public confidence in our industry. Against that backdrop, we must strive to work with regulators, policymakers and other stakeholders, and earn the trust of the societies in which we operate,” Crosthwaite said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flavored e-cigarettes represent the majority of Juul’s sales, but analysts have said the company’s decision to stop fighting the Trump administration’s regulations might fend off an even bigger blow to the company: the federal government banning Juul from selling any of its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 530 people in 38 states \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/09/24/763968586/if-e-cigs-were-romaine-lettuce-theyd-be-off-the-shelf-vapers-mom-tells-congress\">have been sickened\u003c/a> with a vaping-related lung disease, and nine people have died. Health experts are also concerned about long-term pulmonary issues from vaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet health experts have not tied the outbreak to any specific product or type of e-cigarette. Many cases of the mysterious respiratory illness are connected to people who have used e-cigarette products to vape marijuana bought on the black market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States including \u003ca href=\"https://www.wgbh.org/news/local-news/2019/09/24/baker-plans-4-month-ban-on-vaping-products-in-massachusetts\">Massachusetts,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wnyc.org/story/new-york-moves-enact-statewide-flavored-e-cig-ban/\">New York\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.michiganradio.org/post/gov-whitmer-orders-ban-flavored-e-cigarettes\">Michigan\u003c/a> have passed bans on the sale of vaping products and attorneys general in a number of states, including \u003ca href=\"http://illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/pressroom/2019_09/20190923.html\">Illinois\u003c/a>, are investigating whether Juul violated consumer protection laws by marketing its products to underage teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ned Sharpless, the acting FDA commissioner, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/remarks-prepared-testimony-us-house-energy-and-commerce-subcommittee-fda-regulation-electronic\">told\u003c/a> a subcommittee of the House Energy and Commerce Committee on Wednesday that the Trump administration’s soon-to-be finalized policy of banning flavored vaping products could change if e-cigarette companies can win federal approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This policy would not mean that flavored e-cigarettes could never be marketed,” Sharpless said. “If a company can show through an application to FDA that a specific product meets the standard set forth by Congress, then the FDA would authorize” the sale of the products, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing, Democratic Rep. Joe Kennedy of Massachusetts asked if the surge in vaping-related illnesses represents “a massive regulatory failure.” Sharpless conceded that the federal government missed some important warning signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In retrospect, the FDA should have acted sooner,” Sharpless said. “We should have acted to regulate these devices sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from the National Institute on Drug Abuse \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/news-releases/2019/09/teen-e-cigarette-use-doubles-2017\">found that\u003c/a> the percentage of teenagers who are vaping doubled in the past two years, with about 1 in 4 high school students using e-cigarettes in the past month. That has led the institute’s director, Nora Volkow, to declare vaping “a public health crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These products introduce the highly addictive chemical nicotine to these young people and their developing brains, and I fear we are only beginning to learn the possible health risks and outcomes for youth,” Volkow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is set to release its policy restricting the sale of flavored vaping products in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, Juul has taken steps to combat the selling of its products to minors, including requiring some retail stores to electronically verify government-issued ID before allowing someone to buy its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics of Juul have accused the company of deliberately targeting young people by marketing flavors including mango, cucumber and mint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA’s office of criminal investigations is currently probing products that are reportedly making people ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“FDA is not pursuing any actions associated with personal use of any vaping products, our interest is in the suppliers,” Sharpless told Congress on Wednesday. “But to be clear, if we determine that someone is manufacturing or distributing illicit, adulterated vaping products that caused illness and death for personal profit, we would consider that to be a criminal act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Juul+Accepts+Proposed+Ban+On+Flavored+Vaping+Products+As+CEO+Steps+Down&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bridget Desmukes was surprised when \u003ca href=\"https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/6263239/rita-driggers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Rita Driggers\u003c/a>, Desmukes’ OB-GYN in Washington, D.C., recommended low-dose aspirin at her first prenatal appointment this past spring. She knew about daily low-dose aspirin being prescribed to people recovering from a heart attack or stroke. But for pregnant women?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a past pregnancy, Desmukes, who is now 42, had developed preeclampsia, a potentially serious complication that involves high blood pressure. A small amount of daily aspirin, it turns out, can significantly cut the risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnancy. It’s currently recommended for many pregnant women by two influential groups — the \u003ca href=\"https://acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Low-Dose-Aspirin-Use-During-Pregnancy?IsMobileSet=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Preventive Services Task Force\u003c/a>, an independent panel of experts commissioned by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge, some OB-GYNs believe, is getting the word out to women who are at risk that the low-dose aspirin regimen is something that could benefit them. In that way, Desmukes and her husband, Jeffrey, were lucky to hear about it early in her pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says her doctor, an associate professor at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, “explained to us that because of my age and the fact that I had a history of preeclampsia, aspirin would be recommended for me to take. Just precautionarily — to keep the flow of nutrients and oxygen and everything to the baby and help it continue to thrive and grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775892\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11775892\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/aprin_2_custom-d7da3fdb07319c6661a38386c1662a4d8c2a26bd-s800-c85-800x387.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of Bridget Desmukes, next to a photo of her hand, holding a baby aspirin. \" width=\"800\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/aprin_2_custom-d7da3fdb07319c6661a38386c1662a4d8c2a26bd-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/aprin_2_custom-d7da3fdb07319c6661a38386c1662a4d8c2a26bd-s800-c85-160x77.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As an older mom with a history of preeclampsia, Desmukes is considered at high risk for developing the condition again. She’s a nurse by training and knows the risks, so she agreed with her OB-GYN that taking a single baby aspirin daily is a good idea. “Just precautionarily,” she says, “to keep the flow of nutrients and oxygen … to the baby.” \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desmukes says at first she was hesitant. A nurse by training, she knows any medicine can have side effects and says she prefers a “holistic” approach to her own health. But she also knows the risks of preeclampsia, and how it can be fatal — it’s a leading cause of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/543928389/lost-mothers\">high maternal mortality rate in the U.S\u003c/a>. And as a black woman, Desmukes’ risk of dying in childbirth is elevated; maternal mortality rates among black women in the U.S. are about three times those of white women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She did some research, thought about it, and decided to take the aspirin. She is due in November, and so far everything’s going well — no signs of hypertension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How it works\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause of preeclampsia in a pregnant woman \u003ca href=\"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo/causes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is still unknown\u003c/a>, but the mechanism of danger is clear: Her blood vessels constrict, which means, among other things, blood can’t flow easily to her kidneys or brain or uterus. \u003ca href=\"https://www.preeclampsia.org/health-information/sign-symptoms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Telltale signs\u003c/a> include a terrible headache and swollen hands and feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What aspirin does is relax blood vessels, [which] lowers the blood pressure, but also improves blood flow to the baby, to the kidneys, and to the brain, lowering the chance that the woman would have any complications to her pregnancy that would affect either her or her baby,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmc.org/about-us/directory/doctor/jodi-f-abbott-md-msc-mhcm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Jodi Abbott\u003c/a>, an OB-GYN who specializes in treating high-risk pregnancies at Boston Medical Center and is also an associate professor at Boston University School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prenatal aspirin can \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/final-evidence-summary51/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication#results\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cut the risk\u003c/a> of preeclampsia by 24%, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comprehensive review\u003c/a> of the scientific evidence by the USPSTF in 2014. That guidance described the harms of taking low-dose aspirin in pregnancy as “no greater than small.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been shown to be very safe,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmc.org/about-us/directory/doctor/nyia-l-noel-md-mph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Nyia Noel\u003c/a>, who is Abbott’s co-director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prenatalaspirin.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prenatal Aspirin Project\u003c/a>, an initiative at BMC created to increase implementation of the task force’s recommendations. “Things that people worry about — such as bleeding in pregnancy or something called placental abruption, which is early separation of the placenta — have not shown to be increased in women on low-dose aspirin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, this is not like taking aspirin for pain relief — that’s a much higher dose, usually 325 mg per pill, and one or two pills every four to six hours. In contrast, low-dose aspirin tablets are about 81 mg. They’re usually cheap and can be prescribed — they’re often covered by insurance — or bought over the counter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noel says for her, telling women about the benefits of prenatal aspirin is personal. African American women are \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/preeclampsia-screening1#clinical-considerations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more likely than white women\u003c/a> to develop preeclampsia, and they’re more likely to die from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This topic is very important to me — as a black woman — but also as a black obstetrician-gynecologist in the service of women of color every day,” she says. “I’ve experienced what feels like one degree of separation between myself and women just like me that have died or almost died from preeclampsia,” Noel says. “So I really feel aspirin is not the only thing, but it is a step, and women should really feel empowered to speak with their providers about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aspirin coming to a prenatal vitamin near you?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any woman pregnant with twins or triplets, or who has diabetes or hypertension, or who has had preeclampsia before, is considered at \u003ca href=\"https://acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Low-Dose-Aspirin-Use-During-Pregnancy?IsMobileSet=false\">high risk\u003c/a> of the condition and should talk to her doctor about taking low-dose aspirin, Abbott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that group of “high risk” characteristics, there are the moderate risk factors — like being pregnant with a first baby, or being obese, or over 35, or African American. Having two or more of those characteristics means low-dose aspirin should be considered for you, too, the guidelines suggest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott says when you add up the women in all those categories, it equals a whole lot of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Eighty-six percent of our patients [at Boston Medical Center] would be eligible for aspirin based on those criteria,” Abbott says. “When you look at a number like 86% you can understand why I would be in favor — as a public health initiative — of all pregnant women getting it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Abbott sees it, screening for all those risk factors means someone who could benefit will inevitably get missed. And since she doesn’t see significant downsides to low-dose aspirin, she thinks it should just go to everybody who’s pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My suspicion — if I had to guess ahead 10 years — is that you’ll be able to buy, included in your prenatal vitamin, low-dose aspirin,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The need for research on the universal question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is convinced — at least at this point — that every pregnant woman should take aspirin. Count \u003ca href=\"https://feinstein.northwell.edu/institutes-researchers/our-researchers/karina-davidson-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karina Davidson\u003c/a> among them. She’s the senior vice president for research at Northwell Health and a member of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force panel that reviewed the evidence on this issue in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that aspirin prevents the devastating consequences of preeclampsia and of many of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy for those who are at risk,” she says. “For those who are at risk, we absolutely want both clinicians and patients to know they should be discussing whether aspirin is right for them to help them minimize their exposure — and their infants’ exposure — to those devastating consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, that group’s current \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/final-evidence-summary51/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recommendations\u003c/a> stop short of advising prenatal aspirin for all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a very specific mandate, which is that we make recommendations based on evidence,” Davidson says. “When we looked in 2014 we found little evidence that existed that in average-risk populations there was benefit.” In other words, there needs to be a benefit to taking aspirin for women currently considered at low risk of developing preeclampsia — not just the absence of significant harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the task force began looking to see whether new research has been done since 2014 that would make the group want to change its prenatal aspirin guidance, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/draft-research-plan/aspirin-use-to-prevent-preeclampsia-and-related-morbidity-and-mortality-preventive-medication1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that review\u003c/a> won’t be finished for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Google, and other barriers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston Medical Center’s Prenatal Aspirin Project began in 2017 with the goal of getting the word out about the benefits of low-dose aspirin in pregnancy for eligible women and researching the barriers to implementing the task force’s recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through focus groups, leaders of the project found most of their patients had never heard of preeclampsia. “We also found that they had been told it’s not safe to take medications in pregnancy or that aspirin can be dangerous and you shouldn’t take it,” Abbott says. “[Or they would] go to the pharmacy and the pharmacist would tell them that aspirin was unsafe in pregnancy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott believes pharmacists may have not been aware of the prenatal aspirin recommendations from the past few years or may have been thinking of the guidance that \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pregnant women take Tylenol\u003c/a> (rather than aspirin) for headaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team at the Prenatal Aspirin Project ended up reaching out to big commercial pharmacies — CVS, Walgreens and Walmart — and got them to remove warnings on prenatal aspirin prescriptions. After having some patients tell them “I got a prescription, but I’m going to Google it before I take it,” members of the project team also worked to bump up their Google rankings so the project’s advice would appear above information that might be outdated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eliminating these barriers is important, Abbott says. “Everybody deserves a healthy baby and a healthy mother, and we’re failing at that right now,” she says. “This is really an opportunity for all women — but especially for women of color — to be able to claim back some power over their ability to have healthy pregnancies and healthy children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, low-dose aspirin isn’t the only answer to the country’s high rate of maternal mortality. “There are certainly other things to be addressed — structural barriers, structural racism involved in the disparities that exist,” says Noel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tiny pill isn’t going to fix all of that. However, Noel says, it has great potential to reduce the number of cases of preeclampsia, a condition that is killing a lot of women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Daily+Baby+Aspirin+Could+Help+Many+Pregnancies+And+Save+Lives&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bridget Desmukes was surprised when \u003ca href=\"https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/6263239/rita-driggers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Rita Driggers\u003c/a>, Desmukes’ OB-GYN in Washington, D.C., recommended low-dose aspirin at her first prenatal appointment this past spring. She knew about daily low-dose aspirin being prescribed to people recovering from a heart attack or stroke. But for pregnant women?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a past pregnancy, Desmukes, who is now 42, had developed preeclampsia, a potentially serious complication that involves high blood pressure. A small amount of daily aspirin, it turns out, can significantly cut the risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnancy. It’s currently recommended for many pregnant women by two influential groups — the \u003ca href=\"https://acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Low-Dose-Aspirin-Use-During-Pregnancy?IsMobileSet=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Preventive Services Task Force\u003c/a>, an independent panel of experts commissioned by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge, some OB-GYNs believe, is getting the word out to women who are at risk that the low-dose aspirin regimen is something that could benefit them. In that way, Desmukes and her husband, Jeffrey, were lucky to hear about it early in her pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says her doctor, an associate professor at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, “explained to us that because of my age and the fact that I had a history of preeclampsia, aspirin would be recommended for me to take. Just precautionarily — to keep the flow of nutrients and oxygen and everything to the baby and help it continue to thrive and grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11775892\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11775892\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/aprin_2_custom-d7da3fdb07319c6661a38386c1662a4d8c2a26bd-s800-c85-800x387.jpg\" alt=\"A photo of Bridget Desmukes, next to a photo of her hand, holding a baby aspirin. \" width=\"800\" height=\"387\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/aprin_2_custom-d7da3fdb07319c6661a38386c1662a4d8c2a26bd-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/09/aprin_2_custom-d7da3fdb07319c6661a38386c1662a4d8c2a26bd-s800-c85-160x77.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As an older mom with a history of preeclampsia, Desmukes is considered at high risk for developing the condition again. She’s a nurse by training and knows the risks, so she agreed with her OB-GYN that taking a single baby aspirin daily is a good idea. “Just precautionarily,” she says, “to keep the flow of nutrients and oxygen … to the baby.” \u003ccite>(Ryan Kellman/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desmukes says at first she was hesitant. A nurse by training, she knows any medicine can have side effects and says she prefers a “holistic” approach to her own health. But she also knows the risks of preeclampsia, and how it can be fatal — it’s a leading cause of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/543928389/lost-mothers\">high maternal mortality rate in the U.S\u003c/a>. And as a black woman, Desmukes’ risk of dying in childbirth is elevated; maternal mortality rates among black women in the U.S. are about three times those of white women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She did some research, thought about it, and decided to take the aspirin. She is due in November, and so far everything’s going well — no signs of hypertension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How it works\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause of preeclampsia in a pregnant woman \u003ca href=\"https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/preeclampsia/conditioninfo/causes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is still unknown\u003c/a>, but the mechanism of danger is clear: Her blood vessels constrict, which means, among other things, blood can’t flow easily to her kidneys or brain or uterus. \u003ca href=\"https://www.preeclampsia.org/health-information/sign-symptoms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Telltale signs\u003c/a> include a terrible headache and swollen hands and feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What aspirin does is relax blood vessels, [which] lowers the blood pressure, but also improves blood flow to the baby, to the kidneys, and to the brain, lowering the chance that the woman would have any complications to her pregnancy that would affect either her or her baby,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmc.org/about-us/directory/doctor/jodi-f-abbott-md-msc-mhcm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Jodi Abbott\u003c/a>, an OB-GYN who specializes in treating high-risk pregnancies at Boston Medical Center and is also an associate professor at Boston University School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prenatal aspirin can \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/final-evidence-summary51/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication#results\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cut the risk\u003c/a> of preeclampsia by 24%, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">comprehensive review\u003c/a> of the scientific evidence by the USPSTF in 2014. That guidance described the harms of taking low-dose aspirin in pregnancy as “no greater than small.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been shown to be very safe,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bmc.org/about-us/directory/doctor/nyia-l-noel-md-mph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Nyia Noel\u003c/a>, who is Abbott’s co-director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.prenatalaspirin.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prenatal Aspirin Project\u003c/a>, an initiative at BMC created to increase implementation of the task force’s recommendations. “Things that people worry about — such as bleeding in pregnancy or something called placental abruption, which is early separation of the placenta — have not shown to be increased in women on low-dose aspirin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, this is not like taking aspirin for pain relief — that’s a much higher dose, usually 325 mg per pill, and one or two pills every four to six hours. In contrast, low-dose aspirin tablets are about 81 mg. They’re usually cheap and can be prescribed — they’re often covered by insurance — or bought over the counter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noel says for her, telling women about the benefits of prenatal aspirin is personal. African American women are \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/preeclampsia-screening1#clinical-considerations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more likely than white women\u003c/a> to develop preeclampsia, and they’re more likely to die from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This topic is very important to me — as a black woman — but also as a black obstetrician-gynecologist in the service of women of color every day,” she says. “I’ve experienced what feels like one degree of separation between myself and women just like me that have died or almost died from preeclampsia,” Noel says. “So I really feel aspirin is not the only thing, but it is a step, and women should really feel empowered to speak with their providers about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aspirin coming to a prenatal vitamin near you?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any woman pregnant with twins or triplets, or who has diabetes or hypertension, or who has had preeclampsia before, is considered at \u003ca href=\"https://acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Low-Dose-Aspirin-Use-During-Pregnancy?IsMobileSet=false\">high risk\u003c/a> of the condition and should talk to her doctor about taking low-dose aspirin, Abbott says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that group of “high risk” characteristics, there are the moderate risk factors — like being pregnant with a first baby, or being obese, or over 35, or African American. Having two or more of those characteristics means low-dose aspirin should be considered for you, too, the guidelines suggest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott says when you add up the women in all those categories, it equals a whole lot of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Eighty-six percent of our patients [at Boston Medical Center] would be eligible for aspirin based on those criteria,” Abbott says. “When you look at a number like 86% you can understand why I would be in favor — as a public health initiative — of all pregnant women getting it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Abbott sees it, screening for all those risk factors means someone who could benefit will inevitably get missed. And since she doesn’t see significant downsides to low-dose aspirin, she thinks it should just go to everybody who’s pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My suspicion — if I had to guess ahead 10 years — is that you’ll be able to buy, included in your prenatal vitamin, low-dose aspirin,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The need for research on the universal question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is convinced — at least at this point — that every pregnant woman should take aspirin. Count \u003ca href=\"https://feinstein.northwell.edu/institutes-researchers/our-researchers/karina-davidson-phd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karina Davidson\u003c/a> among them. She’s the senior vice president for research at Northwell Health and a member of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force panel that reviewed the evidence on this issue in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that aspirin prevents the devastating consequences of preeclampsia and of many of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy for those who are at risk,” she says. “For those who are at risk, we absolutely want both clinicians and patients to know they should be discussing whether aspirin is right for them to help them minimize their exposure — and their infants’ exposure — to those devastating consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, that group’s current \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/final-evidence-summary51/low-dose-aspirin-use-for-the-prevention-of-morbidity-and-mortality-from-preeclampsia-preventive-medication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recommendations\u003c/a> stop short of advising prenatal aspirin for all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a very specific mandate, which is that we make recommendations based on evidence,” Davidson says. “When we looked in 2014 we found little evidence that existed that in average-risk populations there was benefit.” In other words, there needs to be a benefit to taking aspirin for women currently considered at low risk of developing preeclampsia — not just the absence of significant harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the task force began looking to see whether new research has been done since 2014 that would make the group want to change its prenatal aspirin guidance, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/draft-research-plan/aspirin-use-to-prevent-preeclampsia-and-related-morbidity-and-mortality-preventive-medication1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">that review\u003c/a> won’t be finished for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Google, and other barriers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston Medical Center’s Prenatal Aspirin Project began in 2017 with the goal of getting the word out about the benefits of low-dose aspirin in pregnancy for eligible women and researching the barriers to implementing the task force’s recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through focus groups, leaders of the project found most of their patients had never heard of preeclampsia. “We also found that they had been told it’s not safe to take medications in pregnancy or that aspirin can be dangerous and you shouldn’t take it,” Abbott says. “[Or they would] go to the pharmacy and the pharmacist would tell them that aspirin was unsafe in pregnancy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott believes pharmacists may have not been aware of the prenatal aspirin recommendations from the past few years or may have been thinking of the guidance that \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-answers/headaches-during-pregnancy/faq-20058265\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pregnant women take Tylenol\u003c/a> (rather than aspirin) for headaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team at the Prenatal Aspirin Project ended up reaching out to big commercial pharmacies — CVS, Walgreens and Walmart — and got them to remove warnings on prenatal aspirin prescriptions. After having some patients tell them “I got a prescription, but I’m going to Google it before I take it,” members of the project team also worked to bump up their Google rankings so the project’s advice would appear above information that might be outdated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eliminating these barriers is important, Abbott says. “Everybody deserves a healthy baby and a healthy mother, and we’re failing at that right now,” she says. “This is really an opportunity for all women — but especially for women of color — to be able to claim back some power over their ability to have healthy pregnancies and healthy children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, low-dose aspirin isn’t the only answer to the country’s high rate of maternal mortality. “There are certainly other things to be addressed — structural barriers, structural racism involved in the disparities that exist,” says Noel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This tiny pill isn’t going to fix all of that. However, Noel says, it has great potential to reduce the number of cases of preeclampsia, a condition that is killing a lot of women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Daily+Baby+Aspirin+Could+Help+Many+Pregnancies+And+Save+Lives&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Mentioning \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioretrumpneedles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">needles going into the ocean\u003c/a> and threatening EPA action, President Trump said San Francisco is in “total violation” due to pollution from homeless people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m all for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678299/cartooning-the-needle-sweepers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">keeping waste and needles out of the ocean\u003c/a> but it is jaw-dropping that Trump would criticize San Francisco over an environmental issue. (And, yes, I know jaw-dropping is what the president always intends.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some filth in our ocean and getting stuck with a needle at the beach would be awful, remember that the current administration recently killed the Clean Power Act, as well as scores of other \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rules and regulations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s own EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/01/trumps-epa-says-obamas-climate-rule-could-prevent-up-to-4500-deaths-annually-moves-to-scrap-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analyzed the Obama-era Clean Power Plan \u003c/a>and determined it would prevent 4,500 premature deaths every year by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA recently replaced the previous climate plan with the new “Affordable Clean Energy” rule, that would\u003cem> cause\u003c/em> *only* \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollcall.com/news/epa-finalizes-clean-power-plan-replacement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,400 premature deaths every year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mentioning \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioretrumpneedles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">needles going into the ocean\u003c/a> and threatening EPA action, President Trump said San Francisco is in “total violation” due to pollution from homeless people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m all for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11678299/cartooning-the-needle-sweepers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">keeping waste and needles out of the ocean\u003c/a> but it is jaw-dropping that Trump would criticize San Francisco over an environmental issue. (And, yes, I know jaw-dropping is what the president always intends.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some filth in our ocean and getting stuck with a needle at the beach would be awful, remember that the current administration recently killed the Clean Power Act, as well as scores of other \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/climate/trump-environment-rollbacks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rules and regulations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s own EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/01/trumps-epa-says-obamas-climate-rule-could-prevent-up-to-4500-deaths-annually-moves-to-scrap-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analyzed the Obama-era Clean Power Plan \u003c/a>and determined it would prevent 4,500 premature deaths every year by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA recently replaced the previous climate plan with the new “Affordable Clean Energy” rule, that would\u003cem> cause\u003c/em> *only* \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollcall.com/news/epa-finalizes-clean-power-plan-replacement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,400 premature deaths every year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 11:20 a.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi unveiled her long-anticipated plan to lower the cost of prescription drugs on Thursday. It is a priority shared by President Trump, fueling a glimmer of hope a deal to be had on the issue ahead of the 2020 elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is transformative,” Pelosi said of her plan.”We do hope to have White House buy-in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speaker’s proposal calls for the federal government, through the health and human services secretary, to annually negotiate prices for the top 250 most expensive drugs on the market that don’t have at least two competitors. The price determined by the negotiations would be available to all purchasers, not just Medicare beneficiaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='President Donald Trump']‘Why should other nations pay much less than us? They’ve taken advantage of the system for a long time, pharma.’[/pullquote]The amounts would be pegged to the costs of the same drugs in other countries, which are generally much cheaper, under an “international price index.” It would also levy steep fines — starting at 65% of the gross sales of the drug — on drug companies that refuse to engage in negotiations and limit how much drug costs can go up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This steep, escalating penalty creates a powerful financial incentive for drug manufacturers to negotiate and abide by the final price,” the proposal states. The plan calls for reinvesting the taxpayer money saved in negotiations back into drug research at the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal also includes a $2,000 out-of-pocket cap on prescription drugs for Medicare beneficiaries and the disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi told reporters the proposal was not the last word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an introduction. So much more will be added in the committee process and the public review of it. But we’re very excited about it and happy that we can give some hope to people that help is on the way,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Pelosi said empowering the HHS secretary to negotiate drug prices must be included in any final bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Jim Greenwood, president of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization']‘This proposal crushes the desperate hopes of patients and their families that life science innovators will be the answer to their prayers.’[/pullquote]It is rare for the speaker to take an early and formative role in crafting a bill — policy work generally left to committees — so Pelosi’s engagement on the issue sends a clear message that it is a top priority for the party. Her office has been quietly negotiating the details of the proposal for months, which Pelosi has run by moderate and progressive factions within the Democratic Caucus ahead of Thursday’s official release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speaker met Tuesday evening with the Blue Dog Coalition, a faction of moderates who often represent many of the party’s swing seats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We appreciate that Speaker Pelosi took the time to meet with the Blue Dogs to discuss a path forward to lower the cost of prescription drugs,” Rep. Stephanie Murphy, D-Fla., a co-chair of the coalition, said in a statement. “Our constituents want to see solutions implemented today, and we hope House Republicans will join in coming forward with bold solutions to bring down drug costs and increase transparency surrounding drug pricing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A source at the Blue Dog meeting said lawmakers were particularly eager to change the conversation in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Members would like to be talking less about impeachment and more about an issue that their constituents are bringing up at every town hall back home,” the source said. “We’re eager to see the legislation itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='prescription-drugs' label='More Coverage']Committees are expected to take up the legislation as soon as next week, with the goal of passing it out of the House by the end of the year. There are only 34 legislative days left in 2019. The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office has not yet released an evaluation on the proposal’s costs and savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi’s proposal is the most sweeping plan on the table, and while traditional Republicans are sure to object, it includes ideas that President Trump has indicated in the past he could support to help drive down drug prices for Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Pelosi and Trump could come to an agreement, Democrats believe he could bring enough Republicans on board to get it through Congress and signed into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president supports a drug price index, and the administration is reviewing a possible executive order to that end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why should other nations pay much less than us? They’ve taken advantage of the system for a long time, pharma,” Trump told reporters in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also used his State of the Union address earlier this year to call for action to lower drug costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Proposal by House Speaker Nancy Pelosi']‘This steep, escalating penalty creates a powerful financial incentive for drug manufacturers to negotiate and abide by the final price.’[/pullquote]“It is unacceptable that Americans pay vastly more than people in other countries for the exact same drugs, often made in the exact same place. This is wrong, this is unfair, and together we will stop it. We will stop it fast,” he said in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pharmaceutical lobby, with backing from GOP allies, opposes any effort to regulate the drug market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This proposal crushes the desperate hopes of patients and their families that life science innovators will be the answer to their prayers,” Jim Greenwood, president of the Biotechnology Innovation Organization, which represents biotechnology companies, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It abandons any pretense of allowing a free and fair market system to determine the value of prescription medicines, including for the most innovative medical breakthroughs,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one powerful Senate Republican, Finance Committee Chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/08/09/749669233/top-senate-republican-pushes-forward-with-drug-bill-that-divides-gop\">is willing to buck party orthodoxy\u003c/a> to get a bill to lower drug prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grassley and Sen. Ron Wyden, D-Ore., cut a deal in July on legislation that limits out-of-pocket costs for seniors in Medicare’s Part D prescription drug program to $3,100 per year starting in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grassley moved a draft version of that proposal out of committee over the objection of most Republicans on the Senate Finance panel, who oppose it on free-market principles. His proposal is more modest — the House plan would regulate drug prices more aggressively and outside the scope of Medicare as well — but Grassley is hoping Pelosi’s broader bill will help Republicans rally around his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grassley has been pitching his proposal to Senate Republicans as the more moderate plan on an issue generally popular with voters everywhere. He is also warning Republicans that if they do not coalesce around an alternative to offer to the president for his support, Trump could join forces with Pelosi instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Grassley said a formal text of his legislation will be introduced soon.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This steep, escalating penalty creates a powerful financial incentive for drug manufacturers to negotiate and abide by the final price,” the proposal states. The plan calls for reinvesting the taxpayer money saved in negotiations back into drug research at the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal also includes a $2,000 out-of-pocket cap on prescription drugs for Medicare beneficiaries and the disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi told reporters the proposal was not the last word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an introduction. So much more will be added in the committee process and the public review of it. But we’re very excited about it and happy that we can give some hope to people that help is on the way,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Pelosi said empowering the HHS secretary to negotiate drug prices must be included in any final bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>It is rare for the speaker to take an early and formative role in crafting a bill — policy work generally left to committees — so Pelosi’s engagement on the issue sends a clear message that it is a top priority for the party. Her office has been quietly negotiating the details of the proposal for months, which Pelosi has run by moderate and progressive factions within the Democratic Caucus ahead of Thursday’s official release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speaker met Tuesday evening with the Blue Dog Coalition, a faction of moderates who often represent many of the party’s swing seats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We appreciate that Speaker Pelosi took the time to meet with the Blue Dogs to discuss a path forward to lower the cost of prescription drugs,” Rep. Stephanie Murphy, D-Fla., a co-chair of the coalition, said in a statement. “Our constituents want to see solutions implemented today, and we hope House Republicans will join in coming forward with bold solutions to bring down drug costs and increase transparency surrounding drug pricing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A source at the Blue Dog meeting said lawmakers were particularly eager to change the conversation in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Members would like to be talking less about impeachment and more about an issue that their constituents are bringing up at every town hall back home,” the source said. “We’re eager to see the legislation itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Committees are expected to take up the legislation as soon as next week, with the goal of passing it out of the House by the end of the year. There are only 34 legislative days left in 2019. The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office has not yet released an evaluation on the proposal’s costs and savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi’s proposal is the most sweeping plan on the table, and while traditional Republicans are sure to object, it includes ideas that President Trump has indicated in the past he could support to help drive down drug prices for Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Pelosi and Trump could come to an agreement, Democrats believe he could bring enough Republicans on board to get it through Congress and signed into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president supports a drug price index, and the administration is reviewing a possible executive order to that end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why should other nations pay much less than us? They’ve taken advantage of the system for a long time, pharma,” Trump told reporters in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also used his State of the Union address earlier this year to call for action to lower drug costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
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}
