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"content": "\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed on Friday declared a state of emergency in the beleaguered Tenderloin neighborhood, a move she said will allow the city to avoid bureaucratic red tape in efforts to address both a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11896375/the-difference-between-life-and-death-how-some-california-emergency-rooms-are-working-to-stem-the-overdose-crisis\">drug overdose crisis\u003c/a> and acts of violence and crime in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed said \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-london-breed-declares-state-emergency-tenderloin\">the declaration\u003c/a> will give the city authority to “waive certain laws,” making it easier to move people off the streets and into new, temporary drug and mental health treatment sites in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Too many people are dying in this city, too many people are sprawled over our streets,” Breed said at a press conference at City Hall on Friday afternoon. “There are a number of things that this city is going to do to address public safety, and part of that is a police response. … But the other part is being aggressive about getting people into services and support, and not allowing what has happened on our streets to continue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 712 people in San Francisco died of drug overdoses, compared with 257 people who died of COVID-19, according to data released by the city’s Office of the Chief Medical Examiner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have over 600 [overdose deaths] and counting this year,” Breed said, noting that a significant percentage of them have occurred in the Tenderloin and SoMa neighborhoods. “When we look at the conditions on our streets, it’s heartbreaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data also shows stark racial disparities, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/San-Francisco-s-overdose-epidemic-16434757.php\">Black San Franciscans nearly six times more likely than people of other races in the city to die of accidental overdoses\u003c/a> — a discrepancy health officials attribute to deep-seated structural racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among the effects of structural racism are years of unjust drug policies that punish rather than offer care, unaffordable housing, poverty, inequitable access to effective treatments for opioid-use disorder, and discriminatory practices in the healthcare system,” a city Department of Public Health spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11896375/the-difference-between-life-and-death-how-some-california-emergency-rooms-are-working-to-stem-the-overdose-crisis\">told KQED in an email last month\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"tenderloin\"]“We are losing over two people a day to drug overdoses, mostly to fentanyl, and mostly in the Tenderloin and SoMa,” said Supervisor Matt Haney, who represents the district, in a statement on Friday. “This is a public health emergency demanding a crisis level response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emergency declaration must be ratified by the Board of Supervisors within a week, and won’t take effect for longer than 90 days, according to the mayor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes just days after Breed and Police Chief Bill Scott announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899060/vowing-to-end-reign-of-criminals-destroying-our-city-sf-mayor-breed-announces-latest-tenderloin-crackdown\">a new public safety strategy\u003c/a> calling for a “tough love” approach to the Tenderloin, one that involves putting more police officers on the street, giving them greater access to real-time surveillance and generally being, in the mayor’s own words, “less tolerant of all the bulls— that has destroyed our city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting more police on the street will require more funding — a move that comes roughly a year and a half since Breed championed a plan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11862094/sf-mayor-breed-unveils-plan-for-reinvesting-120-million-from-police-into-black-communities\">divert $120 million\u003c/a> away from law enforcement. Increased patrols in the Tenderloin, Chief Scott said earlier this week, would also mean an end to ignoring public drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a string of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897148/rash-of-organized-weekend-robberies-target-luxury-stores-across-the-bay-area\">organized mass shoplifting incidents\u003c/a> in neighboring Union Square last month that drew national media attention — much to the consternation of city leaders — police have flooded the area, driving down thefts by some 80%, while racking up roughly 8,000 hours in officer overtime at a cost of more than $850,000, the department told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if he supported a surge of police in his own district, Haney said public health services should take priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wasn’t here today to support an influx of cops,” he said after Breed’s announcement. “I was here today to support an influx of social workers and public health professionals and treatment facilities and confronting this deadly epidemic as the public health epidemic that it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe in incarcerating people for being addicted to drugs,” Haney added. “If people feel like somebody who’s coming up to them to help them with their addiction has a pair of handcuffs and is also thinking about maybe locking them up in a cell, that person is not going to seek help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In making her case Friday, Breed hearkened back to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101876065/san-francisco-declares-coronavirus-state-of-emergency\">state of emergency\u003c/a> she declared for the city at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in February 2020. Breed said that move — which allowed San Francisco health officials to rapidly set up a COVID-19 command center, among other precautionary actions — was a major reason the city has one of the lowest COVID-19-related death rates in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to meet people where they are,” Breed said Friday. “We can’t wait for something to be set up. We can’t wait for something to go through a layered process. We have to move quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But among local community activists, reaction to Breed’s declaration has been mixed, at best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Friedenbach, executive director of the Coalition on Homelessness, slammed the mayor’s strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really clear that Mayor Breed is vilifying and degrading people who are living in poverty,” she said, calling it a shortsighted political response to the “misleading flood of media hysteria around crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clear that she’s going to be going after unhoused people. She’s going to be enforcing sit-lie laws. She’s going to go after substance users,” Friedenbach added. “What we believe is going to happen with this increase in police presence, it’s going to disproportionately impact Black and Brown unhoused community members who are, due to a lack of dignified housing options, forced to live out their private lives in public spaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointing to\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/San_Francisco,_California,_Proposition_C,_Gross_Receipts_Tax_for_Homelessness_Services_(November_2018)\"> Proposition C\u003c/a>, the 2018 voter-approved measure that directs hundreds of millions of dollars a year to pay for services for unhoused people in the city, Friedenbach said Breed was already “sitting on very carefully crafted solutions to these issues that the community has been calling for, with feedback and expertise from unhoused community members themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she said, the mayor is relying on an overused tough-on-crime approach that will punish rather than help people most in need, and do little to address the root causes of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing new,” Friedenbach said of Breed’s strategy. “This is not changing course. This is literally doing a tried and failed policy that’s already failed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from KQED’s Juan Carlos Lara, Matthew Green and Alex Emslie.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Breed said the declaration will give the city authority to waive zoning and planning codes to quickly open a \"temporary linkage site\" aimed at helping people with substance use and other mental health issues get off the street and receive services.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">San Francisco Mayor London Breed on Friday declared a state of emergency in the beleaguered Tenderloin neighborhood, a move she said will allow the city to avoid bureaucratic red tape in efforts to address both a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11896375/the-difference-between-life-and-death-how-some-california-emergency-rooms-are-working-to-stem-the-overdose-crisis\">drug overdose crisis\u003c/a> and acts of violence and crime in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breed said \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-london-breed-declares-state-emergency-tenderloin\">the declaration\u003c/a> will give the city authority to “waive certain laws,” making it easier to move people off the streets and into new, temporary drug and mental health treatment sites in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Too many people are dying in this city, too many people are sprawled over our streets,” Breed said at a press conference at City Hall on Friday afternoon. “There are a number of things that this city is going to do to address public safety, and part of that is a police response. … But the other part is being aggressive about getting people into services and support, and not allowing what has happened on our streets to continue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 712 people in San Francisco died of drug overdoses, compared with 257 people who died of COVID-19, according to data released by the city’s Office of the Chief Medical Examiner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have over 600 [overdose deaths] and counting this year,” Breed said, noting that a significant percentage of them have occurred in the Tenderloin and SoMa neighborhoods. “When we look at the conditions on our streets, it’s heartbreaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data also shows stark racial disparities, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/San-Francisco-s-overdose-epidemic-16434757.php\">Black San Franciscans nearly six times more likely than people of other races in the city to die of accidental overdoses\u003c/a> — a discrepancy health officials attribute to deep-seated structural racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among the effects of structural racism are years of unjust drug policies that punish rather than offer care, unaffordable housing, poverty, inequitable access to effective treatments for opioid-use disorder, and discriminatory practices in the healthcare system,” a city Department of Public Health spokesperson \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11896375/the-difference-between-life-and-death-how-some-california-emergency-rooms-are-working-to-stem-the-overdose-crisis\">told KQED in an email last month\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We are losing over two people a day to drug overdoses, mostly to fentanyl, and mostly in the Tenderloin and SoMa,” said Supervisor Matt Haney, who represents the district, in a statement on Friday. “This is a public health emergency demanding a crisis level response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The emergency declaration must be ratified by the Board of Supervisors within a week, and won’t take effect for longer than 90 days, according to the mayor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes just days after Breed and Police Chief Bill Scott announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899060/vowing-to-end-reign-of-criminals-destroying-our-city-sf-mayor-breed-announces-latest-tenderloin-crackdown\">a new public safety strategy\u003c/a> calling for a “tough love” approach to the Tenderloin, one that involves putting more police officers on the street, giving them greater access to real-time surveillance and generally being, in the mayor’s own words, “less tolerant of all the bulls— that has destroyed our city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Putting more police on the street will require more funding — a move that comes roughly a year and a half since Breed championed a plan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11862094/sf-mayor-breed-unveils-plan-for-reinvesting-120-million-from-police-into-black-communities\">divert $120 million\u003c/a> away from law enforcement. Increased patrols in the Tenderloin, Chief Scott said earlier this week, would also mean an end to ignoring public drug use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a string of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897148/rash-of-organized-weekend-robberies-target-luxury-stores-across-the-bay-area\">organized mass shoplifting incidents\u003c/a> in neighboring Union Square last month that drew national media attention — much to the consternation of city leaders — police have flooded the area, driving down thefts by some 80%, while racking up roughly 8,000 hours in officer overtime at a cost of more than $850,000, the department told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if he supported a surge of police in his own district, Haney said public health services should take priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wasn’t here today to support an influx of cops,” he said after Breed’s announcement. “I was here today to support an influx of social workers and public health professionals and treatment facilities and confronting this deadly epidemic as the public health epidemic that it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe in incarcerating people for being addicted to drugs,” Haney added. “If people feel like somebody who’s coming up to them to help them with their addiction has a pair of handcuffs and is also thinking about maybe locking them up in a cell, that person is not going to seek help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In making her case Friday, Breed hearkened back to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101876065/san-francisco-declares-coronavirus-state-of-emergency\">state of emergency\u003c/a> she declared for the city at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in February 2020. Breed said that move — which allowed San Francisco health officials to rapidly set up a COVID-19 command center, among other precautionary actions — was a major reason the city has one of the lowest COVID-19-related death rates in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to meet people where they are,” Breed said Friday. “We can’t wait for something to be set up. We can’t wait for something to go through a layered process. We have to move quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But among local community activists, reaction to Breed’s declaration has been mixed, at best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Friedenbach, executive director of the Coalition on Homelessness, slammed the mayor’s strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really clear that Mayor Breed is vilifying and degrading people who are living in poverty,” she said, calling it a shortsighted political response to the “misleading flood of media hysteria around crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clear that she’s going to be going after unhoused people. She’s going to be enforcing sit-lie laws. She’s going to go after substance users,” Friedenbach added. “What we believe is going to happen with this increase in police presence, it’s going to disproportionately impact Black and Brown unhoused community members who are, due to a lack of dignified housing options, forced to live out their private lives in public spaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointing to\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/San_Francisco,_California,_Proposition_C,_Gross_Receipts_Tax_for_Homelessness_Services_(November_2018)\"> Proposition C\u003c/a>, the 2018 voter-approved measure that directs hundreds of millions of dollars a year to pay for services for unhoused people in the city, Friedenbach said Breed was already “sitting on very carefully crafted solutions to these issues that the community has been calling for, with feedback and expertise from unhoused community members themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she said, the mayor is relying on an overused tough-on-crime approach that will punish rather than help people most in need, and do little to address the root causes of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing new,” Friedenbach said of Breed’s strategy. “This is not changing course. This is literally doing a tried and failed policy that’s already failed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Dr. Anthony Fauci Talks Omicron and the Critical Need for Booster Shots",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is bracing for another potential winter surge of COVID-19 cases courtesy of the omicron variant, a new strain of the virus believed to be highly infectious and less responsive to vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising rate of new infections throughout the state — albeit, much slower than last year — prompted state health officials on Monday to announce a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11898949/california-brings-back-temporary-statewide-indoor-mask-mandate-as-omicron-cases-rise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new, temporary statewide indoor mask mandate\u003c/a> through Jan. 15 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899150/california-mask-mandate-update-these-bay-area-counties-are-exempt-state-now-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">with major exemptions for five Bay Area counties\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions come amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a series of recent studies\u003c/a> that indicate both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are much less effective against omicron than they have been against other strains of the virus. But the initial findings also suggest that getting a booster of either vaccine significantly increases protection.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Anthony Fauci, President Biden's chief medical adviser\"]‘I think we’ve got to get the information out to the American public, and that’s the reason why we’re out there all the time in real time, talking about this.’[/pullquote]To make some sense of the latest developments in this pandemic that just won’t seem to quit, and get a general idea of where things currently stand on the medical front, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101886902/dr-anthony-fauci-on-the-fight-against-omicron\">KQED Forum’s Mina Kim spoke earlier this week with Dr. Anthony Fauci\u003c/a>, President Biden’s chief medical adviser and the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mina Kim: Why don’t you think we need an omicron-specific vaccine?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Anthony Fauci\u003c/strong>: When you’re talking about infection, a two-dose mRNA vaccine has a rather diminished efficacy in preventing infection, which, when you’re talking about severe disease, it goes up to about 70% against hospitalization. But when you get boosted, it goes up even further, closer to 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, our current vaccines, which are directed against the original ancestral virus, appear to do quite well against any of the variants that we faced — the alpha, the beta and then the formidable delta variant that’s the current dominant variant in the United States. At this point, unless things change, which I really don’t think they will, if we get our population boosted, even with omicron on the horizon, which will likely be taking over in dominance if it acts in the United States anything like it’s acting in South Africa and in the U.K., we should have a predominance of omicron here. If we get boosted, I believe we’ll be able to get through this OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’ve got to get people boosted. We have 60 million people in this country who are unvaccinated, who are eligible to be vaccinated. And even though we’ve given a booster to about 40 million people, there are still close to 100 million people who should be getting boosted that we need to get boosted in the next few weeks to a month as we get further into the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So how do we solve that quickly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I think we’ve got to get the information out to the American public, and that’s the reason why we’re out there all the time in real time, talking about this. I’m going to be talking about it [Wednesday] at the White House press briefing. We have to keep bringing home the message to the American people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, as we all know, sadly, we have a lot of resistance to vaccination in this country. I have 60 million people who are eligible for vaccination who aren’t being vaccinated. We’ve got to get them to understand why it’s important for their own health, for their family and for their communal responsibility to keep this outbreak under control. We have to just keep trying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much of a game changer is the news from Pfizer this week that its COVID pill will protect against severe disease, even from omicron? That it reduces the risk of hospitalization and death by 89% if given within three days of onset of symptoms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, that’s very good news. I mean, there’s no doubt about that. It’s an orally administered tablet, which is really important because you want to have something that’s easily distributed and administered to people. And the data are very strong. I went over the data personally with the chief scientist of Pfizer just early this morning before they made the announcement. And the data look very strong. Just as you say, it’s close to 90% effective. And in the study, there were no deaths in the treatment group and several deaths in the placebo group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve got to get it now to get an emergency-use authorization from the FDA and then get enough of it produced so that it could be widely available not only in the United States, but globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it time to double down on treatments, given the fact that vaccines have not been as effective as we hoped because of the slow uptake you alluded to earlier?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines are effective, to be sure, but you’re right that as a community, we never want treatment to be a substitute for vaccination. I think we need to make that clear so that people don’t get the impression that, now that we have treatments that appear to be quite favorable in preventing severe disease, that you can forget about vaccination. But having said that, it is very, very important that we have not only this product, which looks very favorable for the reasons you just mentioned. But we need to continue to make both screening products, as well as developing and discovering new products. We have a rather substantial program here at NIH doing just that — because of the importance of developing therapeutics as well as vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The studies \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/12/health/britain-omicron.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">out of the U.K.\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/12/14/south-africa-omicron-coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">South Africa\u003c/a> also highlight the incredible transmissibility of omicron. California’s seven-day average case rate has \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR21-352.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">increased by 47%\u003c/a> and hospitalizations by 14%. State officials are saying that our current hospital census has us at or over capacity in many regions of the state. How concerned should we be about our health care delivery system being impacted by omicron?\u003c/strong>[aside postID=\"news_11899150,news_11898949,forum_2010101886902\" label=\"Related Posts\"]Before we even think about omicron, we are in a difficult situation with delta. Ninety-nine-point-five percent of all of the isolates that we are currently facing are because of delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We need to do all the things that you’re trying to do in California. I think the mask mandate was a very good idea. You have to keep pushing to get people not only to be vaccinated or not vaccinated, but get people boosted. Boosting is extraordinarily important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination may not prevent all infections, but it really goes a long way to get people to not have to go to the hospital. Since California is facing a difficult situation — you really want to keep people out of the hospital. The best way to do that is to get people vaccinated and boosted. Omicron will likely in the next month or so push delta off the table. It did that in South Africa, and it’s doing that in the U.K.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has a doubling time of about three days or so, which means that even if you start off with a very, very small percentage of the omicron, after a period of time, when you do the math on that doubling time, pretty soon you’ll have it as the dominant variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think other states should follow California’s mask mandate for all indoor public spaces? Should we have a universal mask rule again for the country?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each individual state should be making their own decisions. I think your health authorities made a very prudent decision that I agree with. Depending upon the situation in other states, individual states should evaluate their situation and make decisions based on the data in their own state. But as far as California goes, I think they made the correct decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Even with omicron’s ability to evade antibodies — the waning effectiveness of some therapeutics that you have mentioned in the past and the reality that small surges can mean big problems for hospitals — do you still see us in a substantially different place than we were last winter? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we didn’t have the vaccines, even though we haven’t completely solved the problem, we would be in an unthinkable disaster right. We are in a much better place because of the tools that we have. Last winter, we were just beginning in the transition. President Biden took over the distribution and further the acceleration of production of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are in a different, more favorable place right now. One cannot imagine where we would be if we did not have vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Just looking for a little hope as we all gather for the holidays.\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>It sounds like you see a sign or two, at least?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course. Last year at this time over Christmas, my adult children were in different parts of the country, and they were not vaccinated because vaccines were not available. That was the first Christmas since their birth that I didn’t spend with my own children — and that’s different this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of us, my wife and I and my children are vaccinated. We’re boosted. And they’re coming in for the holidays and we’re going to be spending Christmas together this year. That’s the big difference between last winter and this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is bracing for another potential winter surge of COVID-19 cases courtesy of the omicron variant, a new strain of the virus believed to be highly infectious and less responsive to vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising rate of new infections throughout the state — albeit, much slower than last year — prompted state health officials on Monday to announce a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11898949/california-brings-back-temporary-statewide-indoor-mask-mandate-as-omicron-cases-rise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new, temporary statewide indoor mask mandate\u003c/a> through Jan. 15 (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899150/california-mask-mandate-update-these-bay-area-counties-are-exempt-state-now-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">with major exemptions for five Bay Area counties\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new restrictions come amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a series of recent studies\u003c/a> that indicate both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are much less effective against omicron than they have been against other strains of the virus. But the initial findings also suggest that getting a booster of either vaccine significantly increases protection.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I think we’ve got to get the information out to the American public, and that’s the reason why we’re out there all the time in real time, talking about this.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>To make some sense of the latest developments in this pandemic that just won’t seem to quit, and get a general idea of where things currently stand on the medical front, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101886902/dr-anthony-fauci-on-the-fight-against-omicron\">KQED Forum’s Mina Kim spoke earlier this week with Dr. Anthony Fauci\u003c/a>, President Biden’s chief medical adviser and the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mina Kim: Why don’t you think we need an omicron-specific vaccine?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Anthony Fauci\u003c/strong>: When you’re talking about infection, a two-dose mRNA vaccine has a rather diminished efficacy in preventing infection, which, when you’re talking about severe disease, it goes up to about 70% against hospitalization. But when you get boosted, it goes up even further, closer to 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, our current vaccines, which are directed against the original ancestral virus, appear to do quite well against any of the variants that we faced — the alpha, the beta and then the formidable delta variant that’s the current dominant variant in the United States. At this point, unless things change, which I really don’t think they will, if we get our population boosted, even with omicron on the horizon, which will likely be taking over in dominance if it acts in the United States anything like it’s acting in South Africa and in the U.K., we should have a predominance of omicron here. If we get boosted, I believe we’ll be able to get through this OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’ve got to get people boosted. We have 60 million people in this country who are unvaccinated, who are eligible to be vaccinated. And even though we’ve given a booster to about 40 million people, there are still close to 100 million people who should be getting boosted that we need to get boosted in the next few weeks to a month as we get further into the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So how do we solve that quickly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I think we’ve got to get the information out to the American public, and that’s the reason why we’re out there all the time in real time, talking about this. I’m going to be talking about it [Wednesday] at the White House press briefing. We have to keep bringing home the message to the American people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, as we all know, sadly, we have a lot of resistance to vaccination in this country. I have 60 million people who are eligible for vaccination who aren’t being vaccinated. We’ve got to get them to understand why it’s important for their own health, for their family and for their communal responsibility to keep this outbreak under control. We have to just keep trying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much of a game changer is the news from Pfizer this week that its COVID pill will protect against severe disease, even from omicron? That it reduces the risk of hospitalization and death by 89% if given within three days of onset of symptoms?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, that’s very good news. I mean, there’s no doubt about that. It’s an orally administered tablet, which is really important because you want to have something that’s easily distributed and administered to people. And the data are very strong. I went over the data personally with the chief scientist of Pfizer just early this morning before they made the announcement. And the data look very strong. Just as you say, it’s close to 90% effective. And in the study, there were no deaths in the treatment group and several deaths in the placebo group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve got to get it now to get an emergency-use authorization from the FDA and then get enough of it produced so that it could be widely available not only in the United States, but globally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is it time to double down on treatments, given the fact that vaccines have not been as effective as we hoped because of the slow uptake you alluded to earlier?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines are effective, to be sure, but you’re right that as a community, we never want treatment to be a substitute for vaccination. I think we need to make that clear so that people don’t get the impression that, now that we have treatments that appear to be quite favorable in preventing severe disease, that you can forget about vaccination. But having said that, it is very, very important that we have not only this product, which looks very favorable for the reasons you just mentioned. But we need to continue to make both screening products, as well as developing and discovering new products. We have a rather substantial program here at NIH doing just that — because of the importance of developing therapeutics as well as vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The studies \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/12/health/britain-omicron.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">out of the U.K.\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/12/14/south-africa-omicron-coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">South Africa\u003c/a> also highlight the incredible transmissibility of omicron. California’s seven-day average case rate has \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR21-352.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">increased by 47%\u003c/a> and hospitalizations by 14%. State officials are saying that our current hospital census has us at or over capacity in many regions of the state. How concerned should we be about our health care delivery system being impacted by omicron?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Before we even think about omicron, we are in a difficult situation with delta. Ninety-nine-point-five percent of all of the isolates that we are currently facing are because of delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We need to do all the things that you’re trying to do in California. I think the mask mandate was a very good idea. You have to keep pushing to get people not only to be vaccinated or not vaccinated, but get people boosted. Boosting is extraordinarily important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination may not prevent all infections, but it really goes a long way to get people to not have to go to the hospital. Since California is facing a difficult situation — you really want to keep people out of the hospital. The best way to do that is to get people vaccinated and boosted. Omicron will likely in the next month or so push delta off the table. It did that in South Africa, and it’s doing that in the U.K.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has a doubling time of about three days or so, which means that even if you start off with a very, very small percentage of the omicron, after a period of time, when you do the math on that doubling time, pretty soon you’ll have it as the dominant variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think other states should follow California’s mask mandate for all indoor public spaces? Should we have a universal mask rule again for the country?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each individual state should be making their own decisions. I think your health authorities made a very prudent decision that I agree with. Depending upon the situation in other states, individual states should evaluate their situation and make decisions based on the data in their own state. But as far as California goes, I think they made the correct decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Even with omicron’s ability to evade antibodies — the waning effectiveness of some therapeutics that you have mentioned in the past and the reality that small surges can mean big problems for hospitals — do you still see us in a substantially different place than we were last winter? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we didn’t have the vaccines, even though we haven’t completely solved the problem, we would be in an unthinkable disaster right. We are in a much better place because of the tools that we have. Last winter, we were just beginning in the transition. President Biden took over the distribution and further the acceleration of production of vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are in a different, more favorable place right now. One cannot imagine where we would be if we did not have vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Just looking for a little hope as we all gather for the holidays.\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>It sounds like you see a sign or two, at least?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course. Last year at this time over Christmas, my adult children were in different parts of the country, and they were not vaccinated because vaccines were not available. That was the first Christmas since their birth that I didn’t spend with my own children — and that’s different this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of us, my wife and I and my children are vaccinated. We’re boosted. And they’re coming in for the holidays and we’re going to be spending Christmas together this year. That’s the big difference between last winter and this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Expecting 'Deluge of Omicron,' Santa Clara County Health Officials Urge Booster Shots, Masking",
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"content": "\u003cp>Santa Clara County public health officials on Thursday urged residents to get COVID-19 vaccine booster shots ahead of what they fear may be a widespread surge of new infections due to the omicron variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I look around the corner ahead, what I see is a deluge of omicron,” said Dr. Sara Cody, the county’s director of public health, in an afternoon press conference. “What I see is perhaps one of the most challenging moments we’ve had yet in the pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cody said the county has recorded only 10 cases of the omicron variant — none of which required hospitalization — she pointed to two factors that portend a surge in infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, omicron has now been detected in all four sewer sheds that county officials monitor, Cody said, indicating that the variant is present to some degree across most of the county’s population. Cody also pointed to the recent sharp spike in infection rates in highly vaccinated European countries, such as Norway and Denmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies indicate that both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are less effective against omicron than they have been against other strains of the virus. But tests also show that the heightened levels of antibodies in the blood of patients who received a booster shot of either vaccine have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">largely \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">been \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">successful in blocking the variant\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11896107 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1234850823-1020x680.jpg']“We recommend booster shots for everybody who is eligible,” Cody said. “What’s really, really important to understand is that it’s the booster that increases your protection again, and makes it much less likely that you’ll go to the hospital or die, and much less likely that you’ll spread the infection to someone who is at greater risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she also emphasized that boosters alone are not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about layers of prevention,” Cody said. “No single strategy works. We have to combine them. So in addition to vaccination and boosting, it’s so important to mask.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County was not among the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899150/california-mask-mandate-update-these-bay-area-counties-are-exempt-state-now-says\">five Bay Area counties granted an exemption\u003c/a> this week to California’s new indoor mask mandate, meaning that people in the county must wear masks in most indoor public settings, regardless of vaccination status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an eye to the upcoming holidays, Cody also recommended getting a rapid test before gathering indoors with others, and only gathering with those who also have been vaccinated and boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marty Fenstersheib, the county’s COVID-19 vaccine officer, said 80% of the county’s entire population has now been fully vaccinated. But as for boosters, “[we’re] not doing as well,” he said, noting that only 44% of eligible county residents 18 and older have received one so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fenstersheib also noted the stark disparity in booster shot rates among the county’s Black and Latino residents as compared to Asian and white people. Roughly 50% of eligible Asian and white residents have received boosters, he said, compared to only 35% of eligible Black and Latino residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have much work to be done in reaching out to communities in Santa Clara County, especially Latino and African American communities,” he said.[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Santa Clara County public health officials on Thursday urged residents to get COVID-19 vaccine booster shots ahead of what they fear may be a widespread surge of new infections due to the omicron variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I look around the corner ahead, what I see is a deluge of omicron,” said Dr. Sara Cody, the county’s director of public health, in an afternoon press conference. “What I see is perhaps one of the most challenging moments we’ve had yet in the pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Cody said the county has recorded only 10 cases of the omicron variant — none of which required hospitalization — she pointed to two factors that portend a surge in infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, omicron has now been detected in all four sewer sheds that county officials monitor, Cody said, indicating that the variant is present to some degree across most of the county’s population. Cody also pointed to the recent sharp spike in infection rates in highly vaccinated European countries, such as Norway and Denmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies indicate that both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are less effective against omicron than they have been against other strains of the virus. But tests also show that the heightened levels of antibodies in the blood of patients who received a booster shot of either vaccine have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">largely \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">been \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899272/omicron-evades-pfizer-and-moderna-vaccines-new-studies-suggest-but-boosters-help\">successful in blocking the variant\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We recommend booster shots for everybody who is eligible,” Cody said. “What’s really, really important to understand is that it’s the booster that increases your protection again, and makes it much less likely that you’ll go to the hospital or die, and much less likely that you’ll spread the infection to someone who is at greater risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she also emphasized that boosters alone are not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about layers of prevention,” Cody said. “No single strategy works. We have to combine them. So in addition to vaccination and boosting, it’s so important to mask.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County was not among the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11899150/california-mask-mandate-update-these-bay-area-counties-are-exempt-state-now-says\">five Bay Area counties granted an exemption\u003c/a> this week to California’s new indoor mask mandate, meaning that people in the county must wear masks in most indoor public settings, regardless of vaccination status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an eye to the upcoming holidays, Cody also recommended getting a rapid test before gathering indoors with others, and only gathering with those who also have been vaccinated and boosted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marty Fenstersheib, the county’s COVID-19 vaccine officer, said 80% of the county’s entire population has now been fully vaccinated. But as for boosters, “[we’re] not doing as well,” he said, noting that only 44% of eligible county residents 18 and older have received one so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fenstersheib also noted the stark disparity in booster shot rates among the county’s Black and Latino residents as compared to Asian and white people. Roughly 50% of eligible Asian and white residents have received boosters, he said, compared to only 35% of eligible Black and Latino residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have much work to be done in reaching out to communities in Santa Clara County, especially Latino and African American communities,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When you slip the virtual reality headset over your eyes and take hold of the hand controls, a middle-aged Black woman appears before you. When you move your hands, she moves hers. When you turn your head to the left, so does she.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are Monique Williams,” the VR narrator says. “Take a look at yourself in the mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have a short Afro and you’re wearing a blue sweatshirt and jeans. You’ve been experiencing a lot of pain in your right arm, the narrator tells you, but after you went to the doctor two weeks ago, the pain has gotten worse, so you’re heading back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now you sit on a medical exam table, and a white doctor stands at her computer looking down at you. Her voice brims with contempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I can see in these notes that one of the other doctors on my team told you \u003cem>last time\u003c/em> that a lot of what you’re experiencing is because of your \u003cem>weight\u003c/em> and lack of exercise,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you try to tell her the pain is really bad and you need help right now, she looks at her cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Listen, Monica. Uh, Monique,” she says. “As the professional here, I can say, I really don’t think you need anything other than to work on diet and exercise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899065\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899065\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MoniquePOV-e1639526962778.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1199\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A virtual reality program lets users experience racial bias as patient Monique Williams, a middle-aged Black woman. UCSF researchers hope virtual reality tools can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, the VR narrator asks you how you feel, giving you a range of emoticons to choose from. The frustration, anger and embarrassment all are feelings behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor, 50, knows well from real life. She’s Black and has gone through the same experience as Monique at the doctor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For instance, I’ve gone in, I had some back pain and they will not prescribe pain meds because there’s a perception of drug-seeking behavior,” she said. “In those instances, I have felt that, ‘You don’t believe me.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black patients overall are 22% less likely to be prescribed pain medication than white patients, \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22239747/\">according to an analysis of 20 years of research\u003c/a>. These treatment disparities are often traced to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/54909/doctors-struggle-with-unconscious-bias-same-as-police\">bias among physicians\u003c/a>, many of whom, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/how-we-fail-black-patients-pain\">research shows\u003c/a>, falsely believe Black people feel less pain than white people. Such beliefs and behaviors are seen across medical fields and can contribute to fatal consequences. Black people are more likely to die from conditions like \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=19\">heart disease\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=18\">diabetes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/racial-ethnic-disparities/disparities-deaths.html\">COVID\u003c/a> compared to white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality might play a part in reversing trends like these, testing the simulation to see whether it can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11826872/all-you-want-is-to-be-believed-the-impacts-of-unconscious-bias-in-health-care\">unconscious bias\u003c/a> among doctors and nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using emotion to bypass intellectual defenses\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The project is called \u003ca href=\"https://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/news/tapping-virtual-reality-help-drive-equity-healthcare\">CULTIVATE\u003c/a>, short for Combating Unequal Treatment in Health Care Through Virtual Awareness and Training in Empathy. Researchers hypothesize virtual reality can interrupt the kinds of interactions patients like Monique have and may even do a better job than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/56311/ucsf-doctors-students-confront-their-own-unconscious-bias\">existing training modules\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kelly Taylor, behavioral scientist and co-leader of UCSF's CULTIVATE project\"]‘We’re not telling you, ‘You’re bad.’ We’re saying, this is how someone else is experiencing life, and maybe if you can see it from their perspective, that may change how you engage with them.’[/pullquote]“Unconscious bias training is super popular,” Taylor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the many medical institutions that now ask their staff and students to complete some form of it. California law \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB65\">now mandates unconscious bias training for all maternity care providers\u003c/a> in an attempt to address the disparities in the state’s maternal and infant mortality rates: Black women are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889997/new-momnibus-bill-wants-to-help-more-black-moms-survive-childbirth\">three times as likely to die\u003c/a> from childbirth-related complications compared to the state average, and Black and Native American babies are twice as likely to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law doesn’t specify what training should be used. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6687518/\">Research is mixed\u003c/a> on the many variations of unconscious bias training that have been developed, and, Taylor says, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7265967/\">jury is still out\u003c/a> on how well it works or whether it works at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also don’t know much about dosing — how much it should take, how long we should do it to actually see a change in implicit bias,” she adds. “We do know that in some spaces, if it’s not carefully thought through, it can actually do more harm than good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some studies show white men in particular may \u003ca href=\"https://hbr.org/2016/01/diversity-policies-dont-help-women-or-minorities-and-they-make-white-men-feel-threatened\">feel shamed or threatened by diversity training\u003c/a>. They argue back or shut down, Taylor says — conversation over. With virtual reality, Taylor’s team thinks they can sidestep some of the brain’s intellectual defenses and trigger an empathy response instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’re not telling you, ‘You’re bad,'” Taylor said. “We’re saying, this is how someone else is experiencing life, and maybe if you can see it from their perspective, that may change how you engage with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1108px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899062\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg\" alt=\"Behavioral Scientist Kelly Taylor, a Black woman, uses a VR headset\" width=\"1108\" height=\"856\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg 1108w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-160x124.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate unconscious bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kelly Taylor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Can you teach empathy?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There is scientific debate around whether empathy is something that can be taught. Some social psychologists believe it’s a fixed trait, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180312085124.htm\">rooted in genetics\u003c/a>, and what we’re born with is what we have for life. But others, including Taylor and her team, believe whatever our innate capacity for empathy is, we can learn to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality, in particular, can be an effective tool for cultivating empathy, with some calling it “\u003ca href=\"https://cas.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu-as/casEWP/documents/MS%202019.pdf#page=132\">the empathy machine\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204494\">A Stanford study\u003c/a> showed that people who lost their homes in virtual reality developed long-lasting compassion for unhoused people in real life and were more willing to sign a petition for affordable housing. More than 86% of participants in a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2020/12000/Cultivating_Empathy_Through_Virtual_Reality_.36.aspx\">Columbia study\u003c/a> said VR enhanced their empathy for people of color after they inhabited the experience of a Black man interacting with police and being ignored in a job interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can intellectually understand something, but when you evoke an emotion, it scientifically interacts with a different part of your brain. It codes in your memory in a different way. It triggers different physiologic processes,” said Dr. Madhavi Dandu, professor of medicine at UCSF and an investigator on the research team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing stories in the news, seeing movies about how other people live and traveling to different states or countries all are things that allow us to connect with others, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing people differently, understanding something differently than the way we saw something in the first place is where empathy comes from,” she said. “So I think it is learnable and teachable, and more importantly, it’s encode-able: It becomes a part of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers caution that empathy is just one piece of what should be a comprehensive, ongoing approach to training health care providers about racism and bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to change hearts and minds,” said Monique Jindal, assistant professor of clinical medicine at the University of Illinois Chicago, who believes individual bias training should be paired with education about the structural and systemic causes of racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She equates addressing unconscious bias with quitting smoking, which often involves multiple attempts and strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people need knowledge, some people need to be motivated, some people need to be scared by something,” she said. “There are a lot of things that go into someone being able to change the way that they are and the way that they’ve operated throughout the world their whole life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Can building empathy lead to change in the doctor’s office?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>UCSF researchers acknowledge that their VR simulation is only a starting point. The study is in its early phases and still needs to be refined and fully tested before it can be scaled and, ultimately, given away for free to whatever institutions wish to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they want to see whether it sparks an empathy response, and whether that might lead to even small changes in how doctors interact with their patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened for one of the first white doctors who tried it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Mike Reid placed the VR headset over his head and became Monique Williams, his breathing quickened almost immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m in the body of a Black woman. I’ve got boobs and I feel different as I look at myself in the mirror,” said Reid, an infectious disease doctor at UCSF and co-principal investigator on the study, along with Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 20 minutes in the virtual clinic, being ignored by the receptionist and failing to get the doctor to take his pain seriously, he’s visibly flustered. He looks like he just ran to catch a bus, but still missed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Viscerally, it was very uncomfortable,” he said. “I felt uncomfortable about the lack of eye contact and what felt like contempt or dismissiveness. I could feel my blood pressure rising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899067\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Woman of color watches as white man uses VR headset in medical office\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nova Wilson, program coordinator for the UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, instructs Dr. Mike Reid on using virtual reality equipment at UCSF offices in San Francisco on Dec. 10, 2021. The VR program is intended to teach doctors to have more empathy for their patients of color. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right away, Reid starts reflecting on how he’s made his patients of color feel this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m embarrassed to say that I think these kinds of things happen all the time,” he said. “I keep people waiting. I’m not fully attentive to their needs because I’m distracted by a million other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR simulation includes what researchers call a “repair vignette,” where Monique goes back to the clinic and this time is treated with respect and kindness. The doctor asks her if she prefers to be called ‘Monique’ or ‘Ms. Williams.’ She sits down across from her at eye level. She listens and collaborates with her on finding an immediate solution to her pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reid says these are changes he can make to his practice right away. Before this, seeing a patient was all about his own time and all the things he had to do. Now, he’s thinking about his patients of color and how precious their time is. He believes these adjustments will save time overall, for him and his patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they feel respected and validated, you are more likely to be a confidante and trusted provider to them,” he said, “and the engagement is more likely to be productive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a long road from building trust and rapport to having a definitive impact on a person’s health, let alone reversing the statistics on racial disparities in disease outcomes and death. A large, long-term study is needed to see whether there’s a causal relationship there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So essentially, does our VR reduce health disparities? It’s a huge question,” Kelly Taylor said. “We’d love to be able to say, 10, five years even from now, that yes, it does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, if doctors say they’re going to do their work differently because of VR, even on a small scale, Taylor says, “We’d be satisfied with that outcome for now.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you slip the virtual reality headset over your eyes and take hold of the hand controls, a middle-aged Black woman appears before you. When you move your hands, she moves hers. When you turn your head to the left, so does she.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are Monique Williams,” the VR narrator says. “Take a look at yourself in the mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have a short Afro and you’re wearing a blue sweatshirt and jeans. You’ve been experiencing a lot of pain in your right arm, the narrator tells you, but after you went to the doctor two weeks ago, the pain has gotten worse, so you’re heading back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now you sit on a medical exam table, and a white doctor stands at her computer looking down at you. Her voice brims with contempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I can see in these notes that one of the other doctors on my team told you \u003cem>last time\u003c/em> that a lot of what you’re experiencing is because of your \u003cem>weight\u003c/em> and lack of exercise,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you try to tell her the pain is really bad and you need help right now, she looks at her cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Listen, Monica. Uh, Monique,” she says. “As the professional here, I can say, I really don’t think you need anything other than to work on diet and exercise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899065\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899065\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/MoniquePOV-e1639526962778.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1199\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A virtual reality program lets users experience racial bias as patient Monique Williams, a middle-aged Black woman. UCSF researchers hope virtual reality tools can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Next, the VR narrator asks you how you feel, giving you a range of emoticons to choose from. The frustration, anger and embarrassment all are feelings behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor, 50, knows well from real life. She’s Black and has gone through the same experience as Monique at the doctor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For instance, I’ve gone in, I had some back pain and they will not prescribe pain meds because there’s a perception of drug-seeking behavior,” she said. “In those instances, I have felt that, ‘You don’t believe me.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black patients overall are 22% less likely to be prescribed pain medication than white patients, \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22239747/\">according to an analysis of 20 years of research\u003c/a>. These treatment disparities are often traced to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/54909/doctors-struggle-with-unconscious-bias-same-as-police\">bias among physicians\u003c/a>, many of whom, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/how-we-fail-black-patients-pain\">research shows\u003c/a>, falsely believe Black people feel less pain than white people. Such beliefs and behaviors are seen across medical fields and can contribute to fatal consequences. Black people are more likely to die from conditions like \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=19\">heart disease\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=18\">diabetes\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/racial-ethnic-disparities/disparities-deaths.html\">COVID\u003c/a> compared to white people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality might play a part in reversing trends like these, testing the simulation to see whether it can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11826872/all-you-want-is-to-be-believed-the-impacts-of-unconscious-bias-in-health-care\">unconscious bias\u003c/a> among doctors and nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Using emotion to bypass intellectual defenses\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The project is called \u003ca href=\"https://globalhealthsciences.ucsf.edu/news/tapping-virtual-reality-help-drive-equity-healthcare\">CULTIVATE\u003c/a>, short for Combating Unequal Treatment in Health Care Through Virtual Awareness and Training in Empathy. Researchers hypothesize virtual reality can interrupt the kinds of interactions patients like Monique have and may even do a better job than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/56311/ucsf-doctors-students-confront-their-own-unconscious-bias\">existing training modules\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Unconscious bias training is super popular,” Taylor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points to the many medical institutions that now ask their staff and students to complete some form of it. California law \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB65\">now mandates unconscious bias training for all maternity care providers\u003c/a> in an attempt to address the disparities in the state’s maternal and infant mortality rates: Black women are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11889997/new-momnibus-bill-wants-to-help-more-black-moms-survive-childbirth\">three times as likely to die\u003c/a> from childbirth-related complications compared to the state average, and Black and Native American babies are twice as likely to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law doesn’t specify what training should be used. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6687518/\">Research is mixed\u003c/a> on the many variations of unconscious bias training that have been developed, and, Taylor says, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7265967/\">jury is still out\u003c/a> on how well it works or whether it works at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also don’t know much about dosing — how much it should take, how long we should do it to actually see a change in implicit bias,” she adds. “We do know that in some spaces, if it’s not carefully thought through, it can actually do more harm than good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some studies show white men in particular may \u003ca href=\"https://hbr.org/2016/01/diversity-policies-dont-help-women-or-minorities-and-they-make-white-men-feel-threatened\">feel shamed or threatened by diversity training\u003c/a>. They argue back or shut down, Taylor says — conversation over. With virtual reality, Taylor’s team thinks they can sidestep some of the brain’s intellectual defenses and trigger an empathy response instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we’re not telling you, ‘You’re bad,'” Taylor said. “We’re saying, this is how someone else is experiencing life, and maybe if you can see it from their perspective, that may change how you engage with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1108px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899062\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg\" alt=\"Behavioral Scientist Kelly Taylor, a Black woman, uses a VR headset\" width=\"1108\" height=\"856\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download.jpg 1108w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-1020x788.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/download-160x124.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1108px) 100vw, 1108px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Behavioral scientist Kelly Taylor is leading the research team at UCSF to see whether virtual reality can raise awareness of medical mistreatment and mitigate unconscious bias among doctors and nurses. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kelly Taylor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Can you teach empathy?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There is scientific debate around whether empathy is something that can be taught. Some social psychologists believe it’s a fixed trait, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180312085124.htm\">rooted in genetics\u003c/a>, and what we’re born with is what we have for life. But others, including Taylor and her team, believe whatever our innate capacity for empathy is, we can learn to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality, in particular, can be an effective tool for cultivating empathy, with some calling it “\u003ca href=\"https://cas.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu-as/casEWP/documents/MS%202019.pdf#page=132\">the empathy machine\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0204494\">A Stanford study\u003c/a> showed that people who lost their homes in virtual reality developed long-lasting compassion for unhoused people in real life and were more willing to sign a petition for affordable housing. More than 86% of participants in a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2020/12000/Cultivating_Empathy_Through_Virtual_Reality_.36.aspx\">Columbia study\u003c/a> said VR enhanced their empathy for people of color after they inhabited the experience of a Black man interacting with police and being ignored in a job interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can intellectually understand something, but when you evoke an emotion, it scientifically interacts with a different part of your brain. It codes in your memory in a different way. It triggers different physiologic processes,” said Dr. Madhavi Dandu, professor of medicine at UCSF and an investigator on the research team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing stories in the news, seeing movies about how other people live and traveling to different states or countries all are things that allow us to connect with others, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing people differently, understanding something differently than the way we saw something in the first place is where empathy comes from,” she said. “So I think it is learnable and teachable, and more importantly, it’s encode-able: It becomes a part of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers caution that empathy is just one piece of what should be a comprehensive, ongoing approach to training health care providers about racism and bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to change hearts and minds,” said Monique Jindal, assistant professor of clinical medicine at the University of Illinois Chicago, who believes individual bias training should be paired with education about the structural and systemic causes of racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She equates addressing unconscious bias with quitting smoking, which often involves multiple attempts and strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people need knowledge, some people need to be motivated, some people need to be scared by something,” she said. “There are a lot of things that go into someone being able to change the way that they are and the way that they’ve operated throughout the world their whole life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Can building empathy lead to change in the doctor’s office?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>UCSF researchers acknowledge that their VR simulation is only a starting point. The study is in its early phases and still needs to be refined and fully tested before it can be scaled and, ultimately, given away for free to whatever institutions wish to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they want to see whether it sparks an empathy response, and whether that might lead to even small changes in how doctors interact with their patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened for one of the first white doctors who tried it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Mike Reid placed the VR headset over his head and became Monique Williams, his breathing quickened almost immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m in the body of a Black woman. I’ve got boobs and I feel different as I look at myself in the mirror,” said Reid, an infectious disease doctor at UCSF and co-principal investigator on the study, along with Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 20 minutes in the virtual clinic, being ignored by the receptionist and failing to get the doctor to take his pain seriously, he’s visibly flustered. He looks like he just ran to catch a bus, but still missed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Viscerally, it was very uncomfortable,” he said. “I felt uncomfortable about the lack of eye contact and what felt like contempt or dismissiveness. I could feel my blood pressure rising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11899067\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11899067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Woman of color watches as white man uses VR headset in medical office\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/RS52848_019_SanFrancisco_UCSFVirtualReality_12102021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nova Wilson, program coordinator for the UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, instructs Dr. Mike Reid on using virtual reality equipment at UCSF offices in San Francisco on Dec. 10, 2021. The VR program is intended to teach doctors to have more empathy for their patients of color. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right away, Reid starts reflecting on how he’s made his patients of color feel this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m embarrassed to say that I think these kinds of things happen all the time,” he said. “I keep people waiting. I’m not fully attentive to their needs because I’m distracted by a million other things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The VR simulation includes what researchers call a “repair vignette,” where Monique goes back to the clinic and this time is treated with respect and kindness. The doctor asks her if she prefers to be called ‘Monique’ or ‘Ms. Williams.’ She sits down across from her at eye level. She listens and collaborates with her on finding an immediate solution to her pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reid says these are changes he can make to his practice right away. Before this, seeing a patient was all about his own time and all the things he had to do. Now, he’s thinking about his patients of color and how precious their time is. He believes these adjustments will save time overall, for him and his patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they feel respected and validated, you are more likely to be a confidante and trusted provider to them,” he said, “and the engagement is more likely to be productive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a long road from building trust and rapport to having a definitive impact on a person’s health, let alone reversing the statistics on racial disparities in disease outcomes and death. A large, long-term study is needed to see whether there’s a causal relationship there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So essentially, does our VR reduce health disparities? It’s a huge question,” Kelly Taylor said. “We’d love to be able to say, 10, five years even from now, that yes, it does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, if doctors say they’re going to do their work differently because of VR, even on a small scale, Taylor says, “We’d be satisfied with that outcome for now.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "scores-of-california-students-still-lack-proof-of-vaccination-as-school-mandate-deadlines-approach",
"title": "Scores of California Students Still Lack Proof of Vaccination as School Mandate Deadlines Approach",
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"content": "\u003cp>A handful of large California school districts are facing a potential crisis in the coming weeks: Thousands of their students 12 years and older have yet to provide proof of vaccination, despite looming deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those districts include West Contra Costa Unified (WCCUSD), as well those in Los Angeles, Sacramento and Oakland. As of last Wednesday, for instance, only 33% of WCCUSD’s students age 12 and older had verified that they had received both doses of the vaccine, which will be required to continue in-person education there beginning Jan. 3.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"LaResha Martin, chief academic officer, West Contra Costa Unified School District\"]‘The reality is that we have a virtual academy that doesn’t have enough teachers.’[/pullquote]That means weeks ahead of the district’s mandate deadline, the status of about 8,000 students remains unknown. Students who aren’t fully vaccinated by then will either have to enroll in the \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/bay-area-district-among-first-in-state-to-keep-distance-learning-even-after-campuses-reopen/647422\">district’s independent study program\u003c/a> or leave the district altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely that many families simply haven’t gotten around to submitting their children’s vaccination status. \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">The state touts that more than 70% of children age 12-17 have received at least one dose of the vaccine\u003c/a>, but parents must still submit their children’s proof of vaccination to districts with mandates to continue in-person instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"8\">But the sheer number of people holding out so close to the deadline is stoking anxiety among officials in districts like WCCUSD, who fear that their short-staffed virtual education alternatives will be quickly overwhelmed by an onslaught of unvaccinated students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"9\">“The reality is that we have a virtual academy that doesn’t have enough teachers,” WCCUSD’s Chief Academic Officer LaResha Martin told EdSource. Superintendent Kenneth “Chris” Hurst, at a school board meeting last Wednesday, said he no longer believes the Jan. 3 deadline for the vaccine mandate is tenable, and intends to propose pushing the date back, possibly to July 2022 to align with the state’s student vaccine mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the district is boosting its outreach efforts and hosting vaccine clinics. Martin laid out some options for dealing with the potential flood of independent study students: The district will continue trying to quickly hire teachers, and could propose transferring unvaccinated teachers to the virtual academy — although those teachers are not required to move to different schools. Currently, 85% of school staff have provided proof of vaccination, according to the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"13\">Similar situations are playing out in other districts throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"15\">In Los Angeles Unified — which enrolls about one-fifth of California’s students — some 34,000 students have not yet complied with the district’s vaccine mandate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-12-07/33-000-l-a-unified-have-not-provided-proof-of-covid-vaccination\" data-reader-unique-id=\"16\">The Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a> last week. That’s more than twice as many students as are currently enrolled in the district’s independent study program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While noting that more than 86% of its eligible students have been vaccinated, the district on Friday \u003ca href=\"https://achieve.lausd.net/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&ModuleInstanceID=4466&ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-9316-3F8874B3E108&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=114452&PageID=1\" data-reader-unique-id=\"19\">announced a proposal\u003c/a> to allow unvaccinated students to continue in-person instruction until the 2022 fall semester, at which point they would have to enroll in independent study if still unvaccinated. That proposal will go before the school board on Dec. 14.[aside postID=\"news_11896682,mindshift_58766,news_11895014\" label=\"Related Posts\"]In Sacramento City Unified, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/updates/75-of-sacramento-city-unifieds-students-miss-vaccination-deadline\" data-reader-unique-id=\"21\">only a quarter\u003c/a> of middle and high school students turned in proof that they had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine by the district’s Nov. 30 deadline. That means more than 14,000 students 12 and older will have to potentially enroll in independent study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"22\">And in Oakland Unified, about 40% of students 12 and older — some 6,000 students — have not yet submitted proof of vaccination, \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2021/12/02/oaklands-student-vaccine-mandate-starts-jan-31-what-you-need-to-know/\" data-reader-unique-id=\"23\">Oaklandside reported earlier this month\u003c/a>, prompting the school board last week to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/oakland-schools-delays-student-covid-vaccine-requirement-deadline\">push back the district’s deadline\u003c/a> from Jan. 1 to Jan. 31. About 1,000 of those students have qualified for either a medical or religious exemption, district officials said — an exemption not offered by the West Contra Costa or LA districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"26\">Martin, WCCUSD’s chief academic officer, said the district has been scrambling since the start of the semester to hire enough teachers to meet the demand for its virtual academy. Even before the pandemic, however, the state and county faced a district-wide school staffing shortage, which only got worse over the last year, after many teachers and other employees left the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"27\">“We don’t have enough teachers. That’s just the bottom line,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"28\">The district is actively hiring teachers for its virtual academy. But among the hundreds of applicants who have responded to the district’s job listings, Martin said, only a handful are actually qualified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"29\">She said the academy, whose existence preceded the pandemic, was designed as a year-round option for the handful of families in the district who wanted a remote learning alternative for their children. It was not, however, designed to be a state-required independent study option for the entire district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"31\">Teachers and school staff “are doing a whole reset, adding new students to classes, trying to reorganize their school,” Martin said. “It’s a constant revolving door, and that’s not what it was originally designed for. I would hope people are understanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/thousands-of-california-students-still-lack-proof-of-vaccination-despite-school-deadlines/664510\">This story was originally published by EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A handful of large California school districts are facing a potential crisis in the coming weeks: Thousands of their students 12 years and older have yet to provide proof of vaccination, despite looming deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those districts include West Contra Costa Unified (WCCUSD), as well those in Los Angeles, Sacramento and Oakland. As of last Wednesday, for instance, only 33% of WCCUSD’s students age 12 and older had verified that they had received both doses of the vaccine, which will be required to continue in-person education there beginning Jan. 3.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That means weeks ahead of the district’s mandate deadline, the status of about 8,000 students remains unknown. Students who aren’t fully vaccinated by then will either have to enroll in the \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/bay-area-district-among-first-in-state-to-keep-distance-learning-even-after-campuses-reopen/647422\">district’s independent study program\u003c/a> or leave the district altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely that many families simply haven’t gotten around to submitting their children’s vaccination status. \u003ca href=\"https://covid19.ca.gov/vaccination-progress-data/\">The state touts that more than 70% of children age 12-17 have received at least one dose of the vaccine\u003c/a>, but parents must still submit their children’s proof of vaccination to districts with mandates to continue in-person instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"8\">But the sheer number of people holding out so close to the deadline is stoking anxiety among officials in districts like WCCUSD, who fear that their short-staffed virtual education alternatives will be quickly overwhelmed by an onslaught of unvaccinated students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"9\">“The reality is that we have a virtual academy that doesn’t have enough teachers,” WCCUSD’s Chief Academic Officer LaResha Martin told EdSource. Superintendent Kenneth “Chris” Hurst, at a school board meeting last Wednesday, said he no longer believes the Jan. 3 deadline for the vaccine mandate is tenable, and intends to propose pushing the date back, possibly to July 2022 to align with the state’s student vaccine mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the district is boosting its outreach efforts and hosting vaccine clinics. Martin laid out some options for dealing with the potential flood of independent study students: The district will continue trying to quickly hire teachers, and could propose transferring unvaccinated teachers to the virtual academy — although those teachers are not required to move to different schools. Currently, 85% of school staff have provided proof of vaccination, according to the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"13\">Similar situations are playing out in other districts throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"15\">In Los Angeles Unified — which enrolls about one-fifth of California’s students — some 34,000 students have not yet complied with the district’s vaccine mandate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-12-07/33-000-l-a-unified-have-not-provided-proof-of-covid-vaccination\" data-reader-unique-id=\"16\">The Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a> last week. That’s more than twice as many students as are currently enrolled in the district’s independent study program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While noting that more than 86% of its eligible students have been vaccinated, the district on Friday \u003ca href=\"https://achieve.lausd.net/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&ModuleInstanceID=4466&ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-9316-3F8874B3E108&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=114452&PageID=1\" data-reader-unique-id=\"19\">announced a proposal\u003c/a> to allow unvaccinated students to continue in-person instruction until the 2022 fall semester, at which point they would have to enroll in independent study if still unvaccinated. That proposal will go before the school board on Dec. 14.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In Sacramento City Unified, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/updates/75-of-sacramento-city-unifieds-students-miss-vaccination-deadline\" data-reader-unique-id=\"21\">only a quarter\u003c/a> of middle and high school students turned in proof that they had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine by the district’s Nov. 30 deadline. That means more than 14,000 students 12 and older will have to potentially enroll in independent study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"22\">And in Oakland Unified, about 40% of students 12 and older — some 6,000 students — have not yet submitted proof of vaccination, \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2021/12/02/oaklands-student-vaccine-mandate-starts-jan-31-what-you-need-to-know/\" data-reader-unique-id=\"23\">Oaklandside reported earlier this month\u003c/a>, prompting the school board last week to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/oakland-schools-delays-student-covid-vaccine-requirement-deadline\">push back the district’s deadline\u003c/a> from Jan. 1 to Jan. 31. About 1,000 of those students have qualified for either a medical or religious exemption, district officials said — an exemption not offered by the West Contra Costa or LA districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"26\">Martin, WCCUSD’s chief academic officer, said the district has been scrambling since the start of the semester to hire enough teachers to meet the demand for its virtual academy. Even before the pandemic, however, the state and county faced a district-wide school staffing shortage, which only got worse over the last year, after many teachers and other employees left the profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"27\">“We don’t have enough teachers. That’s just the bottom line,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"28\">The district is actively hiring teachers for its virtual academy. But among the hundreds of applicants who have responded to the district’s job listings, Martin said, only a handful are actually qualified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"29\">She said the academy, whose existence preceded the pandemic, was designed as a year-round option for the handful of families in the district who wanted a remote learning alternative for their children. It was not, however, designed to be a state-required independent study option for the entire district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp data-reader-unique-id=\"31\">Teachers and school staff “are doing a whole reset, adding new students to classes, trying to reorganize their school,” Martin said. “It’s a constant revolving door, and that’s not what it was originally designed for. I would hope people are understanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/thousands-of-california-students-still-lack-proof-of-vaccination-despite-school-deadlines/664510\">This story was originally published by EdSource\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11897771\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: word bubbles read, "how do you pronounce it?" by the word "omicron." Pronunciation reads: oh-ma-cron, oh-mih-krahn, oh-krahp-again, oh-ma-don't-panic, oh-ma-vaccinate-your-kids, on-my-way-to-get-a-booster.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1229\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-800x512.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-1020x653.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-160x102.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-1536x983.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>With the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977807/first-u-s-case-of-omicron-variant-found-in-california\">first U.S. case of the omicron variant now identified in San Francisco\u003c/a>, public health experts say that \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreomicronsf02\">vaccines and booster shots are still your best defenses against COVID\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much is unknown about the new variant that was first detected in South Africa, and we’ll soon learn more about how infectious it is and what level of protection existing vaccines offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one thing seems pretty certain: People have been pronouncing “omicron” in a myriad of ways (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/juliachanb/status/1466087722917892096\">it’s “OH-mi-krahn,” but it depends on who you ask\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, there are even \u003cem>more\u003c/em> ways to protect yourself from COVID, from social distancing to face masks to vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stay safe, and stay calm …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11897771\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: word bubbles read, "how do you pronounce it?" by the word "omicron." Pronunciation reads: oh-ma-cron, oh-mih-krahn, oh-krahp-again, oh-ma-don't-panic, oh-ma-vaccinate-your-kids, on-my-way-to-get-a-booster.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1229\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-800x512.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-1020x653.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-160x102.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-1536x983.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>With the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977807/first-u-s-case-of-omicron-variant-found-in-california\">first U.S. case of the omicron variant now identified in San Francisco\u003c/a>, public health experts say that \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreomicronsf02\">vaccines and booster shots are still your best defenses against COVID\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much is unknown about the new variant that was first detected in South Africa, and we’ll soon learn more about how infectious it is and what level of protection existing vaccines offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one thing seems pretty certain: People have been pronouncing “omicron” in a myriad of ways (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/juliachanb/status/1466087722917892096\">it’s “OH-mi-krahn,” but it depends on who you ask\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, there are even \u003cem>more\u003c/em> ways to protect yourself from COVID, from social distancing to face masks to vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stay safe, and stay calm …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Henry Genung was 4 months old, doctors cut a hole in his windpipe and inserted a tube to help him breathe. Born with a rare genetic mutation that blocked his upper airway, Henry, who is now 18 months old, will need the tube for several more years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three months, Henry hasn’t had a new rubber tracheostomy tube even though doctors recommend that they be replaced weekly to reduce the risk of infection. Instead, Henry’s parents have resorted to soaking his used tubes in hydrogen peroxide and boiling them for five minutes. Their medical supplier and doctor’s office told them they don’t know how soon new supplies will be available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an ongoing saga of delayed shipments,” said Myah Genung, Henry’s mother, who lives in Los Angeles with her husband Dillon and son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11897227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Henry-Genung-CM-02.jpg\" alt=\"A baby sitting on a couch smiling, wearing a T-shirt. \" width=\"1000\" height=\"1250\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Henry-Genung-CM-02.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Henry-Genung-CM-02-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Henry-Genung-CM-02-160x200.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Henry Genung was born with CLAPO syndrome, which causes malformations of the lymph nodes and obstructs his breathing. He had a tracheostomy put in at 4 months and the tube is supposed to be replaced weekly, but the Genung family has been unable to get new tracheostomy tubes since September because of the port logjam and supply chain backlogs. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Maya Genung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With upwards of 80 container ships languishing off the coast of Southern California, patients and medical suppliers are worried that stories like Genung’s will become increasingly common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2021/11/california-ports/\">logjam at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach\u003c/a> — which handle \u003ca href=\"https://www.portoflosangeles.org/business/statistics/facts-and-figures\">40% of all waterbound imports\u003c/a> to the U.S. — has triggered shortages of everything from computer chips to paper products to kitchen appliances, and drawn the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/10/13/biden-port-los-angeles-supply-chain/\">attention of President Joe Biden\u003c/a>. But, while many people are worrying about delayed Christmas gifts, many Californians are grappling with shortages of lifesaving medical supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California hospitals say medical supplies are more difficult to acquire now or are taking much longer to be delivered. Although the Hospital Association of Southern California says no one has reported any acute shortages yet, administrators are concerned about the delayed shipments that are anchored off the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the shortages and inflation will drive health care costs up, increasing insurance premiums. In addition, some medical device suppliers are considering cutting off sales to patients on Medi-Cal, the state’s insurance for low-income people, as they look for ways to reduce costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-where-are-the-medical-supplies\">Where are the medical supplies?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Port gridlock is the latest chapter in a long saga of medical supply chain disruptions during the pandemic. Demand for personal protective equipment and respirators skyrocketed globally at the same time that overseas manufacturers temporarily closed to reduce the spread of COVID-19 among workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last winter, hospitals desperate for bed space were sending less-severe COVID-19 patients home on supplemental oxygen. “We couldn’t keep oxygen concentrators on the wall, couldn’t keep them in inventory,” said Terry Racciato, who owns a durable medical equipment supply company in San Diego. “The shipping backlog prevented them from getting into the country, much less getting to patients that need them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, specialized equipment like walkers, canes, wheelchairs, crutches, syringes, needles, catheters, surgical gloves, feeding tubes and suction canisters are increasingly hard to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852807\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11852807\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/1000.jpeg\" alt=\"Phlebotomist lab assistant Jennifer Cukati, right, and Registered Nurse Carina Klescewski, left, care for a COVID-19 patient inside the Sutter Roseville Medical Center ICU in Roseville, Calif.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/1000.jpeg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/1000-800x532.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/1000-160x106.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phlebotomist lab assistant Jennifer Cukati, right, and Registered Nurse Carina Klescewski, left, care for a COVID-19 patient inside the Sutter Roseville Medical Center ICU in Roseville, Calif. \u003ccite>(Renee C. Byer/The Sacramento Bee via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In September, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/medical-device-shortages-during-covid-19-public-health-emergency#shortage\">FDA announced\u003c/a> nationwide shortages of ventilators. Specimen collection tubes also have been in short supply since the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compounding the issue, hospitals, which are admitting above-average numbers of patients who delayed care during the pandemic, are trying to stay ahead of any potential winter COVID-19 surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A key concern for hospital directors right now is that they’re trying to schedule an enormous backlog of patients that weren’t able to get into facilities in the last year due to COVID patients that might have needed a scheduled surgery in 2019 or 2020 or 2021,” said Dr. William Padula, an assistant professor of pharmaceutical & health economics at the USC Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics. “With the backlog of supplies in the medical sector, they might not be able to get the procedure that they were anticipating, or they might not be able to get the materials that they need to follow up from a procedure for rehabilitative care. So it really creates a concern that those who have already delayed or foregone certain procedures now have to wait more so until the supplies catch up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prime Healthcare, which operates hospitals throughout the state, has been able to shift supplies as needed between its hospitals, but has joined other health systems and the California Chamber of Commerce in \u003ca href=\"https://calchamberalert.com/2021/11/05/calchamber-practical-steps-to-ease-supply-chain-crisis/\">requesting help\u003c/a> from Gov. Gavin Newsom and the Legislature to speed up the movement of medical goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a number of hospitals and health care suppliers saying ‘Hey we’ve got products sitting out there.’ So they’re pretty concerned about that issue in particular,” said Leah Silverthorn, policy advocate for CalChamber, which sent the letter to Newsom and the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increased purchasing of all consumer goods coupled with labor shortages, outdated port infrastructure\u003cem>, \u003c/em>and prior disruptions to shipping and manufacturing early in the pandemic have culminated in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2021/11/california-ports/\">offshore traffic jam\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the two ports have \u003ca href=\"https://www.portoflosangeles.org/references/2021-news-releases/news_111521_dwelpostpone\">reduced the backlog of idling containers by 26%\u003c/a> in the past three weeks by threatening steep fines, more than 40,000 containers have sat at the terminals for at least nine days. Before the pandemic, the average wait was less than four days, according to port operations reports in Los Angeles and Long Beach. Some ships have been anchored off the coast for more than 30 days while they await a spot to dock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s some concern about a winter surge of COVID and having access to those containers,” Silverthorn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalChamber is working with its nearly 1,000 health care members to track down the container numbers for delayed shipments and identify the ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a bottleneck of data right now,” Silverthorn said. “The data lies with each link of the shipping supply chain, and so trying to aggregate it in a convenient way is challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, no one knows how many containers may be carrying medical supplies or the quantity of goods waiting offshore. Experts say the lack of data is a systemic problem in the supply chain that makes it nearly impossible to prioritize critical health care devices. No information system connects the manufacturers, shipping companies, port terminal operators, suppliers and buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is already 2021, but shipping companies cannot give an accurate hour-by-hour estimation about when goods will arrive or where they are,” said Tinglong Dai, a professor of operations management and business analytics at Johns Hopkins University who specializes in health care operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dai has spent the 20 months of the pandemic advocating for supply chain transparency, particularly when it comes to medical supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they are producing is very important to public health,” he said, “and public health authorities have no idea exactly how much inventory we’re going to have if and when similar crises will arise in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the letter to Newsom and an earlier \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/10/20/governor-newsom-signs-executive-order-to-help-tackle-supply-chain-issues/\">executive order\u003c/a>, GO-Biz, the governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development, and other state agencies have been working to identify sites that can be used to store empty, abandoned and slow-moving containers that are exacerbating the backlog, said GO-Biz spokesperson Heather Purcell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892157\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11892157\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Gavin Newsom, wearing a black mask and standing beyond a podium with the Seal of California, scribbles in a tiny notepad.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom takes notes before speaking at a news conference on Oct. 1, 2021, in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This will free up crowded dock space to move integral medical supplies. Additionally, GO-Biz is directly in coordination with a terminal operator to speed up the movement of medical supplies,” Purcell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Purcell said the state has no way to identify medical supplies other than consulting with individual buyers. Even then, the contents of specific containers are frequently unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-shortages-and-delays\">Shortages and delays\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Cedars Sinai in Los Angeles has experienced supply chain problems acquiring catheters, syringes and blood collection tubes, communications director Duke Helfand said. However, the hospital has been able to rely on pre-existing reserves and alternate suppliers to avoid any impact on patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, Community Medical Centers in the Central Valley have experienced periodic shortages of computers, suction canisters and masks during the pandemic, according to Lucky Malhi, vice president of supply chain management. His team has worked round-the-clock to secure supplies through alternate distributors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But patients requiring supplies for home use, like the Genungs’ son Henry, typically don’t have the option to find alternate suppliers, so they have felt the scarcity much more sharply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Myah Genung said she has turned to Facebook groups where parents of “trach babies” share extra supplies. She has snagged humidifying filters for Henry’s breathing tube through social media, but more often than not, there are more people seeking supplies than there are extras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re just having to make do the best we can,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than \u003ca href=\"http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/59/6/895#ref-20\">100,000 tracheostomy\u003c/a> procedures are performed annually across the country. Racchiato, whose supply company, SpecialCare, primarily distributes directly to patients, said replacement tubes are one of the most difficult things to acquire right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who are trying to sterilize (the tubes) themselves and reuse them. They’re risking serious infection because new supplies aren’t available,” Racciato said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most tracheostomy tubes are only supposed to be used once, said Dr. Maggie Kuhn, associate professor of otolaryngology at UC Davis Health. Reusing the tubes can cause serious problems, including increased risk of infection and device malfunctioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have observed complications from this practice which can be life-threatening, including mucous plugging and airway trauma,” Kuhn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other devices like oxygen concentrators face months-long delays compared to typical delivery times of one to two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating matters, one of the largest manufacturers of continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, machines \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/health/cpap-breathing-devices-recall.html\">recalled millions of devices\u003c/a> in June and is reserving its inventory for patients that need replacement machines. As a result, Racciato said she has at least 1,000 patients diagnosed with sleep apnea who have been on a waiting list without treatment for five months.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-prices-increase-while-access-decreases\">Prices increase while access decreases\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/inflation-and-the-great-global-logjam\">Inflationary pressure\u003c/a> on the medical supply market also has some suppliers concerned about how long they can stay in business. Scarcity of raw materials and logistical challenges along with the port backlogs have steeply driven up the cost of manufacturing and shipping, creating a volatile market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(Shipping) containers have gone from $2,000 for rental to anywhere from $15,000 to $20,000 for the same container,” said Steve Yaeger, a Los Angeles-based medical supplier who specializes in respiratory equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of the pandemic, Yaeger said his overhead has increased 25%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you see the cost of goods go up like that, all of a sudden you’re figuring out, ‘OK are we even going to make any money this year?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say inflation among medical supplies will result in higher health care costs for patients as hospitals and other providers struggle to maintain adequate profit margins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Padula, a senior fellow at the USC Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, said the “supply chain disaster” will result in hospitals negotiating for higher reimbursement rates with insurers and patients paying higher premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The natural consequence on the consumer side is … premiums will go up,” Padula said. [aside tag=\"politics\" label=\"More political coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announced the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/2022-medicare-parts-b-premiums-and-deductibles2022-medicare-part-d-income-related-monthly-adjustment\">highest premium increase\u003c/a> in the program’s history for Medicare Part B and higher deductibles for other aspects of the program, in part due to increased utilization in the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In their statement, Medicare blamed the increase of premiums on COVID and the cost of that new drug for Alzheimers, which is expected to take off, but COVID is very broad. It really is about the supply chain,” Padula said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it’s too soon to tell how much premiums will increase across the board, historically commercial insurers have followed Medicare’s lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That gives a lot of commercial payers a pass to increase by a similar amount at a minimum,” Padula said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resultant cost hikes have also forced small and mid-sized suppliers to rethink which patients they can afford to serve, potentially leading to decreased access for those with Medi-Cal or Medicare, which have fixed reimbursement rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has temporarily increased these reimbursement rates for the duration of the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2021/11/california-covid-state-of-emergency/\">COVID-19 public health emergency\u003c/a>, which is set to expire at the end of March. Beyond that, providers aren’t sure how long they can hold on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Biasca, a medical supplier based in Eureka, said increased costs are forcing his company to reassess what services it provides to Medicare and Medi-Cal patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are evaluating all entitlements right now to look at what we’re making money on. We are going to have to make some hard decisions and just not accept the insurance payment,” Biasca said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/poverty/2017/08/paying-doctors-now-will-treat-poor-californians/\">one-third of all Californians rely on Medi-Cal\u003c/a> for health care and frequently face long wait times and \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/publication/measuring-up-access-care-medi-cal-compared-other-types-health-insurance-2018/\">difficulty finding doctors\u003c/a> and other providers who will accept their insurance. And the out-of-pocket costs are inaccessible even for people with private health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11897232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Genung-Family-Portrait-CM-01.jpg\" alt=\"The family, mother father and child, are well-dressed. \" width=\"1000\" height=\"1250\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Genung-Family-Portrait-CM-01.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Genung-Family-Portrait-CM-01-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Genung-Family-Portrait-CM-01-160x200.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maya and Dillon Genung hold their son Henry in a family portrait. \u003ccite>( Image courtesy of Maya Genung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Genung said she has tried to purchase the tracheostomy tubes her son needs online but they cost between $300 to $600 each. “You would be spending thousands and thousands of dollars a month just to purchase it yourself,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reusing the tubes fills her with worry. Henry’s condition requires him to be immunosuppressed, and reusing tubes increases the risk of infection or breakage as the equipment wears down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not foolproof because you’re not in a sterile environment. You’re at home, you’re in your kitchen, doing your best to make it work,” Genung said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week ago, Henry was admitted to Children’s Hospital Los Angeles with pneumonia. Doctors told his parents there’s no way of knowing if the infection was caused by the reuse of tubes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only small silver lining is that the hospital gave Genung two new tracheostomy tubes, enough to get Henry through another month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2021/11/medical-supplies-shortage-california/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. KQED producer Keith Mizuguchi contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Henry Genung was 4 months old, doctors cut a hole in his windpipe and inserted a tube to help him breathe. Born with a rare genetic mutation that blocked his upper airway, Henry, who is now 18 months old, will need the tube for several more years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three months, Henry hasn’t had a new rubber tracheostomy tube even though doctors recommend that they be replaced weekly to reduce the risk of infection. Instead, Henry’s parents have resorted to soaking his used tubes in hydrogen peroxide and boiling them for five minutes. Their medical supplier and doctor’s office told them they don’t know how soon new supplies will be available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an ongoing saga of delayed shipments,” said Myah Genung, Henry’s mother, who lives in Los Angeles with her husband Dillon and son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897227\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11897227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Henry-Genung-CM-02.jpg\" alt=\"A baby sitting on a couch smiling, wearing a T-shirt. \" width=\"1000\" height=\"1250\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Henry-Genung-CM-02.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Henry-Genung-CM-02-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Henry-Genung-CM-02-160x200.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Henry Genung was born with CLAPO syndrome, which causes malformations of the lymph nodes and obstructs his breathing. He had a tracheostomy put in at 4 months and the tube is supposed to be replaced weekly, but the Genung family has been unable to get new tracheostomy tubes since September because of the port logjam and supply chain backlogs. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Maya Genung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With upwards of 80 container ships languishing off the coast of Southern California, patients and medical suppliers are worried that stories like Genung’s will become increasingly common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2021/11/california-ports/\">logjam at the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach\u003c/a> — which handle \u003ca href=\"https://www.portoflosangeles.org/business/statistics/facts-and-figures\">40% of all waterbound imports\u003c/a> to the U.S. — has triggered shortages of everything from computer chips to paper products to kitchen appliances, and drawn the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/10/13/biden-port-los-angeles-supply-chain/\">attention of President Joe Biden\u003c/a>. But, while many people are worrying about delayed Christmas gifts, many Californians are grappling with shortages of lifesaving medical supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California hospitals say medical supplies are more difficult to acquire now or are taking much longer to be delivered. Although the Hospital Association of Southern California says no one has reported any acute shortages yet, administrators are concerned about the delayed shipments that are anchored off the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the shortages and inflation will drive health care costs up, increasing insurance premiums. In addition, some medical device suppliers are considering cutting off sales to patients on Medi-Cal, the state’s insurance for low-income people, as they look for ways to reduce costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-where-are-the-medical-supplies\">Where are the medical supplies?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Port gridlock is the latest chapter in a long saga of medical supply chain disruptions during the pandemic. Demand for personal protective equipment and respirators skyrocketed globally at the same time that overseas manufacturers temporarily closed to reduce the spread of COVID-19 among workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last winter, hospitals desperate for bed space were sending less-severe COVID-19 patients home on supplemental oxygen. “We couldn’t keep oxygen concentrators on the wall, couldn’t keep them in inventory,” said Terry Racciato, who owns a durable medical equipment supply company in San Diego. “The shipping backlog prevented them from getting into the country, much less getting to patients that need them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, specialized equipment like walkers, canes, wheelchairs, crutches, syringes, needles, catheters, surgical gloves, feeding tubes and suction canisters are increasingly hard to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852807\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11852807\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/1000.jpeg\" alt=\"Phlebotomist lab assistant Jennifer Cukati, right, and Registered Nurse Carina Klescewski, left, care for a COVID-19 patient inside the Sutter Roseville Medical Center ICU in Roseville, Calif.\" width=\"1000\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/1000.jpeg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/1000-800x532.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/1000-160x106.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Phlebotomist lab assistant Jennifer Cukati, right, and Registered Nurse Carina Klescewski, left, care for a COVID-19 patient inside the Sutter Roseville Medical Center ICU in Roseville, Calif. \u003ccite>(Renee C. Byer/The Sacramento Bee via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In September, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/medical-device-shortages-during-covid-19-public-health-emergency#shortage\">FDA announced\u003c/a> nationwide shortages of ventilators. Specimen collection tubes also have been in short supply since the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compounding the issue, hospitals, which are admitting above-average numbers of patients who delayed care during the pandemic, are trying to stay ahead of any potential winter COVID-19 surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A key concern for hospital directors right now is that they’re trying to schedule an enormous backlog of patients that weren’t able to get into facilities in the last year due to COVID patients that might have needed a scheduled surgery in 2019 or 2020 or 2021,” said Dr. William Padula, an assistant professor of pharmaceutical & health economics at the USC Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics. “With the backlog of supplies in the medical sector, they might not be able to get the procedure that they were anticipating, or they might not be able to get the materials that they need to follow up from a procedure for rehabilitative care. So it really creates a concern that those who have already delayed or foregone certain procedures now have to wait more so until the supplies catch up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prime Healthcare, which operates hospitals throughout the state, has been able to shift supplies as needed between its hospitals, but has joined other health systems and the California Chamber of Commerce in \u003ca href=\"https://calchamberalert.com/2021/11/05/calchamber-practical-steps-to-ease-supply-chain-crisis/\">requesting help\u003c/a> from Gov. Gavin Newsom and the Legislature to speed up the movement of medical goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a number of hospitals and health care suppliers saying ‘Hey we’ve got products sitting out there.’ So they’re pretty concerned about that issue in particular,” said Leah Silverthorn, policy advocate for CalChamber, which sent the letter to Newsom and the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increased purchasing of all consumer goods coupled with labor shortages, outdated port infrastructure\u003cem>, \u003c/em>and prior disruptions to shipping and manufacturing early in the pandemic have culminated in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2021/11/california-ports/\">offshore traffic jam\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the two ports have \u003ca href=\"https://www.portoflosangeles.org/references/2021-news-releases/news_111521_dwelpostpone\">reduced the backlog of idling containers by 26%\u003c/a> in the past three weeks by threatening steep fines, more than 40,000 containers have sat at the terminals for at least nine days. Before the pandemic, the average wait was less than four days, according to port operations reports in Los Angeles and Long Beach. Some ships have been anchored off the coast for more than 30 days while they await a spot to dock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s some concern about a winter surge of COVID and having access to those containers,” Silverthorn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalChamber is working with its nearly 1,000 health care members to track down the container numbers for delayed shipments and identify the ships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of a bottleneck of data right now,” Silverthorn said. “The data lies with each link of the shipping supply chain, and so trying to aggregate it in a convenient way is challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, no one knows how many containers may be carrying medical supplies or the quantity of goods waiting offshore. Experts say the lack of data is a systemic problem in the supply chain that makes it nearly impossible to prioritize critical health care devices. No information system connects the manufacturers, shipping companies, port terminal operators, suppliers and buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is already 2021, but shipping companies cannot give an accurate hour-by-hour estimation about when goods will arrive or where they are,” said Tinglong Dai, a professor of operations management and business analytics at Johns Hopkins University who specializes in health care operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dai has spent the 20 months of the pandemic advocating for supply chain transparency, particularly when it comes to medical supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they are producing is very important to public health,” he said, “and public health authorities have no idea exactly how much inventory we’re going to have if and when similar crises will arise in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the letter to Newsom and an earlier \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/10/20/governor-newsom-signs-executive-order-to-help-tackle-supply-chain-issues/\">executive order\u003c/a>, GO-Biz, the governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development, and other state agencies have been working to identify sites that can be used to store empty, abandoned and slow-moving containers that are exacerbating the backlog, said GO-Biz spokesperson Heather Purcell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892157\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11892157\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Gavin Newsom, wearing a black mask and standing beyond a podium with the Seal of California, scribbles in a tiny notepad.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1706\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1344305961-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom takes notes before speaking at a news conference on Oct. 1, 2021, in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This will free up crowded dock space to move integral medical supplies. Additionally, GO-Biz is directly in coordination with a terminal operator to speed up the movement of medical supplies,” Purcell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Purcell said the state has no way to identify medical supplies other than consulting with individual buyers. Even then, the contents of specific containers are frequently unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-shortages-and-delays\">Shortages and delays\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Cedars Sinai in Los Angeles has experienced supply chain problems acquiring catheters, syringes and blood collection tubes, communications director Duke Helfand said. However, the hospital has been able to rely on pre-existing reserves and alternate suppliers to avoid any impact on patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, Community Medical Centers in the Central Valley have experienced periodic shortages of computers, suction canisters and masks during the pandemic, according to Lucky Malhi, vice president of supply chain management. His team has worked round-the-clock to secure supplies through alternate distributors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But patients requiring supplies for home use, like the Genungs’ son Henry, typically don’t have the option to find alternate suppliers, so they have felt the scarcity much more sharply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Myah Genung said she has turned to Facebook groups where parents of “trach babies” share extra supplies. She has snagged humidifying filters for Henry’s breathing tube through social media, but more often than not, there are more people seeking supplies than there are extras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re just having to make do the best we can,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than \u003ca href=\"http://rc.rcjournal.com/content/59/6/895#ref-20\">100,000 tracheostomy\u003c/a> procedures are performed annually across the country. Racchiato, whose supply company, SpecialCare, primarily distributes directly to patients, said replacement tubes are one of the most difficult things to acquire right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who are trying to sterilize (the tubes) themselves and reuse them. They’re risking serious infection because new supplies aren’t available,” Racciato said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most tracheostomy tubes are only supposed to be used once, said Dr. Maggie Kuhn, associate professor of otolaryngology at UC Davis Health. Reusing the tubes can cause serious problems, including increased risk of infection and device malfunctioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have observed complications from this practice which can be life-threatening, including mucous plugging and airway trauma,” Kuhn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other devices like oxygen concentrators face months-long delays compared to typical delivery times of one to two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Complicating matters, one of the largest manufacturers of continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, machines \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/health/cpap-breathing-devices-recall.html\">recalled millions of devices\u003c/a> in June and is reserving its inventory for patients that need replacement machines. As a result, Racciato said she has at least 1,000 patients diagnosed with sleep apnea who have been on a waiting list without treatment for five months.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-prices-increase-while-access-decreases\">Prices increase while access decreases\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/inflation-and-the-great-global-logjam\">Inflationary pressure\u003c/a> on the medical supply market also has some suppliers concerned about how long they can stay in business. Scarcity of raw materials and logistical challenges along with the port backlogs have steeply driven up the cost of manufacturing and shipping, creating a volatile market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(Shipping) containers have gone from $2,000 for rental to anywhere from $15,000 to $20,000 for the same container,” said Steve Yaeger, a Los Angeles-based medical supplier who specializes in respiratory equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of the pandemic, Yaeger said his overhead has increased 25%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you see the cost of goods go up like that, all of a sudden you’re figuring out, ‘OK are we even going to make any money this year?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say inflation among medical supplies will result in higher health care costs for patients as hospitals and other providers struggle to maintain adequate profit margins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Padula, a senior fellow at the USC Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, said the “supply chain disaster” will result in hospitals negotiating for higher reimbursement rates with insurers and patients paying higher premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The natural consequence on the consumer side is … premiums will go up,” Padula said. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announced the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/2022-medicare-parts-b-premiums-and-deductibles2022-medicare-part-d-income-related-monthly-adjustment\">highest premium increase\u003c/a> in the program’s history for Medicare Part B and higher deductibles for other aspects of the program, in part due to increased utilization in the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In their statement, Medicare blamed the increase of premiums on COVID and the cost of that new drug for Alzheimers, which is expected to take off, but COVID is very broad. It really is about the supply chain,” Padula said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it’s too soon to tell how much premiums will increase across the board, historically commercial insurers have followed Medicare’s lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That gives a lot of commercial payers a pass to increase by a similar amount at a minimum,” Padula said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resultant cost hikes have also forced small and mid-sized suppliers to rethink which patients they can afford to serve, potentially leading to decreased access for those with Medi-Cal or Medicare, which have fixed reimbursement rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has temporarily increased these reimbursement rates for the duration of the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2021/11/california-covid-state-of-emergency/\">COVID-19 public health emergency\u003c/a>, which is set to expire at the end of March. Beyond that, providers aren’t sure how long they can hold on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Biasca, a medical supplier based in Eureka, said increased costs are forcing his company to reassess what services it provides to Medicare and Medi-Cal patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are evaluating all entitlements right now to look at what we’re making money on. We are going to have to make some hard decisions and just not accept the insurance payment,” Biasca said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/poverty/2017/08/paying-doctors-now-will-treat-poor-californians/\">one-third of all Californians rely on Medi-Cal\u003c/a> for health care and frequently face long wait times and \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/publication/measuring-up-access-care-medi-cal-compared-other-types-health-insurance-2018/\">difficulty finding doctors\u003c/a> and other providers who will accept their insurance. And the out-of-pocket costs are inaccessible even for people with private health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897232\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11897232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Genung-Family-Portrait-CM-01.jpg\" alt=\"The family, mother father and child, are well-dressed. \" width=\"1000\" height=\"1250\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Genung-Family-Portrait-CM-01.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Genung-Family-Portrait-CM-01-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Genung-Family-Portrait-CM-01-160x200.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maya and Dillon Genung hold their son Henry in a family portrait. \u003ccite>( Image courtesy of Maya Genung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Genung said she has tried to purchase the tracheostomy tubes her son needs online but they cost between $300 to $600 each. “You would be spending thousands and thousands of dollars a month just to purchase it yourself,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reusing the tubes fills her with worry. Henry’s condition requires him to be immunosuppressed, and reusing tubes increases the risk of infection or breakage as the equipment wears down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not foolproof because you’re not in a sterile environment. You’re at home, you’re in your kitchen, doing your best to make it work,” Genung said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week ago, Henry was admitted to Children’s Hospital Los Angeles with pneumonia. Doctors told his parents there’s no way of knowing if the infection was caused by the reuse of tubes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only small silver lining is that the hospital gave Genung two new tracheostomy tubes, enough to get Henry through another month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/2021/11/medical-supplies-shortage-california/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. KQED producer Keith Mizuguchi contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "hosting-loved-ones-for-thanksgiving-2021-heres-how-to-keep-covid-out",
"title": "Hosting Loved Ones for Thanksgiving 2021? Here's How to Keep COVID Out",
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"content": "\u003cp>Skip to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#unvaccinated\">Should I attend a gathering with unvaccinated people?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#kids\">What should I do if my child isn’t fully vaccinated yet?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#boundaries\">How do I communicate my boundaries or say no to an invite?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#test\">Should I take a rapid COVID test before I visit someone’s house?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>We’ve come a long way since Thanksgiving 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year ago, vaccines had not yet been approved, daily deaths were rising sharply — surging to more than 2,000 a day by December — and many hunkered down and skipped holiday celebrations to reduce their risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California now \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897140/despite-californias-low-covid-case-rates-officials-urge-caution-of-potential-surge-ahead-of-thanksgiving\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">has one of the lowest coronavirus infection rates in the country\u003c/a>, with 1.9% of people testing positive for the disease in the last week. Coronavirus hospitalizations in the state have fallen about 14% in the last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-october-2021/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">About half of people living in the U.S.\u003c/a> are planning to gather in groups of 10 or more for the holidays, a recent survey found. While many of us are ready to restart our holiday gatherings, officials urge caution because a potential winter spike could overwhelm hospitals in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two years into this pandemic, we’ve learned a lot about how to reduce the risks of catching and spreading the coronavirus, including the simple steps of masking, hand-washing and taking precautionary COVID tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts warn we still need to keep COVID risk reduction in mind. Even if you and your family are fully vaccinated, young kids, people over 80 and immunocompromised people are still at higher risk of severe COVID. Now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890031/where-can-i-get-a-pfizer-covid-booster-shot-near-me-heres-whos-eligible\">the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends booster shots for everyone 18 and older\u003c/a>, especially for those 50 and up.[aside postID=news_11890031 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/GettyImages-1234768670-scaled.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wanted to hear directly from our readers and listeners about the frank and even tough conversations they were anticipating having with their loved ones, from setting personal boundaries to even having COVID-safer gatherings outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some reminders from experts on how to keep your holiday gatherings safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"boundaries\">\u003c/a>Be transparent about \u003cem>your\u003c/em> personal boundaries for gatherings of \u003cem>any\u003c/em> size or setting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even in a holiday season without a pandemic to consider, your movements and actions regarding an event like Thanksgiving are always yours to decide. Regardless of what others, like family, friends or strangers, may think, your time and your personal space are completely and utterly your business and yours to direct as you see fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re weighing whether or not to attend a gathering with loved ones this year or to host a dinner of your own, it’s important to be able to communicate your personal boundaries in a variety of settings, even if it leads to uncomfortable conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Richard Carpiano, a professor of public policy at UC Riverside and speaker on vaccine hesitancy, underlines the importance of checking in with the host (or your guests) and stating what your personal comfort levels are and what precautions you’re taking — whether it’s wearing a mask indoors or preferring to eat outdoors — in a frank way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, you can make it about you and your personal preferences. Be specific about your COVID safety choices with hosts or other guests, he says: “It’s very important that people should be willing to speak up and not feel peer-pressured because they have to show up to some place or feel like they’re being put in some sort of undue risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, some of these conversations could feel awkward at first. But Carpiano says that ultimately these conversations are with friends and family — and they should support the decision you choose for yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, you’re making this decision to reduce your family’s risk of contracting and spreading COVID-19, and it’s your way of keeping them safe from harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is an ultimate act of care and we need to focus on that,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11846759/saying-no-to-a-covid-thanksgiving-holidays-how-to-break-it-to-family-or-friends\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">says Julia Feldman, a teacher and sex educator in the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11846759/saying-no-to-a-covid-thanksgiving-holidays-how-to-break-it-to-family-or-friends\">\u003cstrong>Saying No to the Holidays During COVID-19? How to Break It to Family (or Friends)\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Be firm and up front about getting vaccination statuses from guests — and don’t feel guilty about asking\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just as much as the ingredients on your shopping list, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11892610/the-cdc-emphasizes-covid-vaccinations-as-a-key-to-safe-holiday-gatherings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">knowing the vaccination statuses of other guests is an essential part\u003c/a> of hosting a COVID-safer gathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it might feel like trespassing on personal information, Carpiano reminds us that we’re in a pandemic and our fates are intertwined. “This is not something like if somebody has high blood pressure or diabetes where their condition is not affecting other people,” he says. [pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Dr. William Miller, physician and public health epidemiologist at The Ohio State University College of Public Health\"]“I really do think that it’s perfectly acceptable to say, ‘I’m sorry you’re not vaccinated. You know, Grandma’s here, and by you coming, that increases her risk substantially.'”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He suggests making a plan to communicate to guests what your preferences are and what your stance is — especially if you’re the host.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re speaking with someone who still hasn’t been vaccinated, it’s important to lead with the facts and be clear on your priorities for keeping everyone healthy — especially if young people, older people and immunocompromised guests will be attending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to “convince” your loved ones of the pandemic’s devastating seriousness by sending them statistics and literature probably isn’t going to change their minds at this point, Feldman says. So, what can you do? “You just really have to come from an emotional place of being honest,” Feldman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When navigating a difficult conversation, you might be tempted to stay extra firm and resolute in your communication, in case the recipient interprets any hesitation as a cause for hope that you haven’t really made up your mind. Being firm and specific in what you will and will not do is great, Feldman says, but don’t let that stop you from “expressing [your] sadness and regret,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"unvaccinated\">\u003c/a>Think carefully about how to include unvaccinated family members\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Deciding whom to invite to your home is a matter of personal discretion, but experts say at this point in the pandemic it’s pretty clear that a fully vaccinated group is the safest scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s reasonable for people to require their guests to be immunized,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohsu.edu/providers/judith-a-guzman-cottrill-do\">Judy Guzman-Cottrill\u003c/a>, a pediatric infectious disease expert at Oregon Health and Science University, especially if guests include kids too young to be vaccinated (or who have only received their first shot) or people less likely to have a strong immune response to the vaccine, like the immunocompromised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are the people who we still really need to make sure we keep as safe as possible because this pandemic is not over,” she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vaccine requirement could lead to some hurt feelings or conflict, but physician and public health epidemiologist William Miller of The Ohio State University suggests framing the decision as a way to protect older loved ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really do think that it’s perfectly acceptable to say, ‘I’m sorry you’re not vaccinated. You know, Grandma’s here, and by you coming, that increases her risk substantially,'” Miller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An alternative is to ask an unvaccinated guest to do a lab-based PCR test 24 to 48 hours before the event (as long as they’re able to get the results back in time) or a rapid antigen COVID test just before their arrival. In addition, Emily Landon, an infectious disease physician at the University of Chicago, recommends asking unvaccinated guests to take extra precautions in the week leading up to the event, including wearing masks in public places and limiting exposure to other unvaccinated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think with the delta variant, most people are getting sick a few days after exposure, but it can take up to a week, maybe a little longer,” Landon explains. “I think it makes the most sense to take precautions for one week prior to having close, unmasked contact with someone who’s at high risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"kids\">\u003c/a>Take precautions if your young child is unvaccinated or has had only one shot\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many children age 5 to 11 have received their first of two recommended doses, but won’t be eligible for a second dose until after the Thanksgiving holiday. Immunity builds gradually after vaccination, but it’s not known exactly how much protection just one dose of the COVID vaccine provides to kids, says Guzman-Cottrill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know many families find themselves in this annoying state of limbo right now because their kids will not be fully vaccinated by Thanksgiving,” she says. Given this “limbo” state, “it’s really important to just keep in mind that this is not the time for those families to let their guard down,” she says. It’s not a reason to cancel multigenerational gatherings, but it’s a reminder to take precautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carpiano says that caregivers should do risk management of sorts and be prepared to bring masks and buy home tests you can take the day of arriving at someone’s house. “What we’re finding right now with testing is that these home tests can be really quite effective in [detecting] if an immediate or recent sort of infection has occurred,” he says. While these home tests might be a little hard to find, they are available at many local drugstores.[aside postID=news_11846759 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/pexels-breakingpic-3056.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what precautions are recommended for protecting more vulnerable guests from possible exposure due to unvaccinated kids? It depends on the health and age of the relatives who will be attending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Grandma is a spry 70-year-old woman who has no medical problems and has two doses of vaccine plus a booster, I don’t think these kids are going to pose a ton of risk,” Landon says. But if the grandparent is over 80 and has medical problems, the risk of a bad outcome is much higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An easy step to take if you’re concerned about your unvaccinated kids passing the virus to grandparents is to mask up, not only during the visit, but also for a week in advance when in public, especially avoiding crowded, indoor spaces, even if mask mandates are not in effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she would not recommend keeping kids out of school to avoid exposure unless there are extra risks associated with your kids’ school — such as an outbreak of cases or a lack of masking. If the circumstances warrant missing school to protect a high-risk relative, “then that may be a layer you want to add,” Landon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option: If you live in a temperate climate, like many parts of the Bay Area, stay outdoors as much as possible for mixed-generation social events, and maybe choose to not sleep over in the same house with the grandparents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just come during the day for the big event and stay at a hotel,” Landon suggests. Or have the grandparents sleep in a hotel, she adds. If a hotel is not financially possible, you might consider asking friends or neighbors if their home is empty over the holiday season and available for you to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line: “You have to think about the risk of the individuals involved — about what would happen if they got COVID,” says Landon. And better to err on the side of caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894546/pfizer-covid-vaccine-kids-5-11-near-me\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Where Can I Get a Pfizer COVID Vaccine for Kids Age 5-11 Near Me?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>If you’re gathering with grandparents or other older people, realize this: They’re still at risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Reality check: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/10/20/1047727415/what-to-know-about-the-risk-of-serious-or-fatal-breakthrough-covid-infections\">People over 80 have an elevated risk of dying from COVID\u003c/a>, even if they’re vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the vaccines offer strong protection against hospitalization and death, breakthrough infections are a reality. Often, a coronavirus infection following vaccination leads to only mild illness, and sometimes people test positive but show no symptoms at all. However, older people and those with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of getting a severe breakthrough COVID case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it’s rare for breakthroughs to lead to hospitalization or death, the chances for one group are higher. As NPR reported, CDC data from August showed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/10/20/1047727415/what-to-know-about-the-risk-of-serious-or-fatal-breakthrough-covid-infections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fully vaccinated people age 80 or older were about 13 times more likely to die from COVID\u003c/a> compared to the general vaccinated population (of all ages). That’s one reason \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890031/where-can-i-get-a-pfizer-covid-booster-shot-near-me-heres-whos-eligible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">getting boosters is especially important\u003c/a> for older adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is something that we must be conscious of as people are gathering across generations,” Miller says. “Grandpa and Grandma are protected relative to if they hadn’t been vaccinated, but they are still at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why it makes sense to take precautions during travel and in the week leading up to any celebration where older friends and relatives will be present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would absolutely encourage people to continue to wear masks” in crowded, indoor places such as grocery stores, Miller says, even if it’s not mandatory. This will reduce the risk of being exposed and passing on the virus. And remember, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.tsa.gov/news/press/releases/2021/08/20/tsa-extends-face-mask-requirement-through-january-18-2022\"> Transportation Security Administration’s face mask requirement\u003c/a> remains in effect through Jan. 18, 2022, requiring masking in airports, aboard commercial airline flights, and on commuter bus and rail systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, bottom line, even if everyone invited to your holiday gathering is vaccinated, it’s still important to protect loved ones who are older or immunocompromised.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Get a booster shot if you’re eligible\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Federal health agencies now recommend \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/11/19/1057280974/cdc-advisers-back-expansion-of-covid-boosters-for-all-adults\">COVID vaccine boosters for all adults\u003c/a> six months after their last shot — and they may be especially important for adults over 50 or any adult with underlying conditions or a high-risk job. Getting one before holiday travel and gatherings could increase your immunity against COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agencies’ decision was based on emerging evidence that immunity can diminish over time and evidence that shows a booster dose can, just as the name implies, boost protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.21266341v1\">most recent real-world data\u003c/a> comes from the U.K. Back in September, the U.K. government introduced a booster program targeting people 50 and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Anthony Fauci, White House medical adviser and director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said the new analysis points to a significant increase in protection (against symptomatic infection) from a booster dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the third dose in people whose protection has drifted down to about 63%, you boost it back up to at least 94%, which is really quite impressive,” Fauci says. “That’s exactly the kind of thing you want boosters to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci says immunity begins to rebound within days after getting a booster shot, though you don’t get the peak of protection for two to four weeks later. He says before joining indoor holiday gatherings, especially in places with high viral transmission, “I would recommend if you are eligible for a boost, go get boosted right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890031/where-can-i-get-a-pfizer-covid-booster-shot-near-me-heres-whos-eligible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Where Can I Get a Moderna, Johnson & Johnson or Pfizer COVID Booster Shot Near Me?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"tests\">\u003c/a>Rapid tests can protect your guests. Here’s how to know when to take one\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As a risk-reduction measure, you might want to ask your guests to take a COVID test before a large holiday get-together. A year ago, it was hard to get real-time information from COVID testing due to delays in test results and a lack of rapid test options. Now, there are plenty of over-the-counter rapid antigen tests, such as the Abbott BinaxNOW or Orasure InteliSwab, available online and in pharmacies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A rapid antigen test is an added layer of protection for everyone,” says Guzman-Cottrill, the pediatric infectious disease expert at Oregon Health and Science University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The antigen tests are a quick snapshot to see if the viral proteins are present in that person’s nose that day,” Guzman-Cottrill explains. So if a person was just exposed and the virus is still incubating, they could get a negative result one day followed by a positive result the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tests are not 100% reliable if someone has just been exposed, agrees Emily Landon, the infectious disease physician at the University of Chicago. “The test really doesn’t pick up really low levels of the virus in your nose, and so it’s not going to pick up a really early infection,” she says. So she recommends taking the test the morning of the gathering, or as close to the start of the gathering as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some families test before they travel, and then again when they get to their destination, depending on the level of risk of the people they’re staying with. (Note: Depending on which test you buy, instructions vary. For instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/media/147253/download\">BinaxNOW instructs\u003c/a> that people should be tested twice over three days with at least 24 hours between tests for most accurate results.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Miller of The Ohio State University College of Public Health is on board with a test-to-be-safe strategy, too. “It’s kind of a mindset,” Miller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a way to signal: Let’s make the visit as safe as it can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Alex Gonzalez, Brian Watt, Carly Severn and Lina Blanco. Thank you to our readers and listeners for sharing their questions with us. \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Skip to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#unvaccinated\">Should I attend a gathering with unvaccinated people?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#kids\">What should I do if my child isn’t fully vaccinated yet?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#boundaries\">How do I communicate my boundaries or say no to an invite?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#test\">Should I take a rapid COVID test before I visit someone’s house?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>We’ve come a long way since Thanksgiving 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year ago, vaccines had not yet been approved, daily deaths were rising sharply — surging to more than 2,000 a day by December — and many hunkered down and skipped holiday celebrations to reduce their risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California now \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11897140/despite-californias-low-covid-case-rates-officials-urge-caution-of-potential-surge-ahead-of-thanksgiving\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">has one of the lowest coronavirus infection rates in the country\u003c/a>, with 1.9% of people testing positive for the disease in the last week. Coronavirus hospitalizations in the state have fallen about 14% in the last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/poll-finding/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-october-2021/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">About half of people living in the U.S.\u003c/a> are planning to gather in groups of 10 or more for the holidays, a recent survey found. While many of us are ready to restart our holiday gatherings, officials urge caution because a potential winter spike could overwhelm hospitals in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two years into this pandemic, we’ve learned a lot about how to reduce the risks of catching and spreading the coronavirus, including the simple steps of masking, hand-washing and taking precautionary COVID tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts warn we still need to keep COVID risk reduction in mind. Even if you and your family are fully vaccinated, young kids, people over 80 and immunocompromised people are still at higher risk of severe COVID. Now, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890031/where-can-i-get-a-pfizer-covid-booster-shot-near-me-heres-whos-eligible\">the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends booster shots for everyone 18 and older\u003c/a>, especially for those 50 and up.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wanted to hear directly from our readers and listeners about the frank and even tough conversations they were anticipating having with their loved ones, from setting personal boundaries to even having COVID-safer gatherings outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some reminders from experts on how to keep your holiday gatherings safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"boundaries\">\u003c/a>Be transparent about \u003cem>your\u003c/em> personal boundaries for gatherings of \u003cem>any\u003c/em> size or setting\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even in a holiday season without a pandemic to consider, your movements and actions regarding an event like Thanksgiving are always yours to decide. Regardless of what others, like family, friends or strangers, may think, your time and your personal space are completely and utterly your business and yours to direct as you see fit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re weighing whether or not to attend a gathering with loved ones this year or to host a dinner of your own, it’s important to be able to communicate your personal boundaries in a variety of settings, even if it leads to uncomfortable conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Richard Carpiano, a professor of public policy at UC Riverside and speaker on vaccine hesitancy, underlines the importance of checking in with the host (or your guests) and stating what your personal comfort levels are and what precautions you’re taking — whether it’s wearing a mask indoors or preferring to eat outdoors — in a frank way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, you can make it about you and your personal preferences. Be specific about your COVID safety choices with hosts or other guests, he says: “It’s very important that people should be willing to speak up and not feel peer-pressured because they have to show up to some place or feel like they’re being put in some sort of undue risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, some of these conversations could feel awkward at first. But Carpiano says that ultimately these conversations are with friends and family — and they should support the decision you choose for yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, you’re making this decision to reduce your family’s risk of contracting and spreading COVID-19, and it’s your way of keeping them safe from harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is an ultimate act of care and we need to focus on that,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11846759/saying-no-to-a-covid-thanksgiving-holidays-how-to-break-it-to-family-or-friends\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">says Julia Feldman, a teacher and sex educator in the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11846759/saying-no-to-a-covid-thanksgiving-holidays-how-to-break-it-to-family-or-friends\">\u003cstrong>Saying No to the Holidays During COVID-19? How to Break It to Family (or Friends)\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>Be firm and up front about getting vaccination statuses from guests — and don’t feel guilty about asking\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just as much as the ingredients on your shopping list, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11892610/the-cdc-emphasizes-covid-vaccinations-as-a-key-to-safe-holiday-gatherings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">knowing the vaccination statuses of other guests is an essential part\u003c/a> of hosting a COVID-safer gathering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it might feel like trespassing on personal information, Carpiano reminds us that we’re in a pandemic and our fates are intertwined. “This is not something like if somebody has high blood pressure or diabetes where their condition is not affecting other people,” he says. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He suggests making a plan to communicate to guests what your preferences are and what your stance is — especially if you’re the host.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re speaking with someone who still hasn’t been vaccinated, it’s important to lead with the facts and be clear on your priorities for keeping everyone healthy — especially if young people, older people and immunocompromised guests will be attending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to “convince” your loved ones of the pandemic’s devastating seriousness by sending them statistics and literature probably isn’t going to change their minds at this point, Feldman says. So, what can you do? “You just really have to come from an emotional place of being honest,” Feldman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When navigating a difficult conversation, you might be tempted to stay extra firm and resolute in your communication, in case the recipient interprets any hesitation as a cause for hope that you haven’t really made up your mind. Being firm and specific in what you will and will not do is great, Feldman says, but don’t let that stop you from “expressing [your] sadness and regret,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"unvaccinated\">\u003c/a>Think carefully about how to include unvaccinated family members\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Deciding whom to invite to your home is a matter of personal discretion, but experts say at this point in the pandemic it’s pretty clear that a fully vaccinated group is the safest scenario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s reasonable for people to require their guests to be immunized,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohsu.edu/providers/judith-a-guzman-cottrill-do\">Judy Guzman-Cottrill\u003c/a>, a pediatric infectious disease expert at Oregon Health and Science University, especially if guests include kids too young to be vaccinated (or who have only received their first shot) or people less likely to have a strong immune response to the vaccine, like the immunocompromised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those are the people who we still really need to make sure we keep as safe as possible because this pandemic is not over,” she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vaccine requirement could lead to some hurt feelings or conflict, but physician and public health epidemiologist William Miller of The Ohio State University suggests framing the decision as a way to protect older loved ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really do think that it’s perfectly acceptable to say, ‘I’m sorry you’re not vaccinated. You know, Grandma’s here, and by you coming, that increases her risk substantially,'” Miller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An alternative is to ask an unvaccinated guest to do a lab-based PCR test 24 to 48 hours before the event (as long as they’re able to get the results back in time) or a rapid antigen COVID test just before their arrival. In addition, Emily Landon, an infectious disease physician at the University of Chicago, recommends asking unvaccinated guests to take extra precautions in the week leading up to the event, including wearing masks in public places and limiting exposure to other unvaccinated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think with the delta variant, most people are getting sick a few days after exposure, but it can take up to a week, maybe a little longer,” Landon explains. “I think it makes the most sense to take precautions for one week prior to having close, unmasked contact with someone who’s at high risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"kids\">\u003c/a>Take precautions if your young child is unvaccinated or has had only one shot\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many children age 5 to 11 have received their first of two recommended doses, but won’t be eligible for a second dose until after the Thanksgiving holiday. Immunity builds gradually after vaccination, but it’s not known exactly how much protection just one dose of the COVID vaccine provides to kids, says Guzman-Cottrill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know many families find themselves in this annoying state of limbo right now because their kids will not be fully vaccinated by Thanksgiving,” she says. Given this “limbo” state, “it’s really important to just keep in mind that this is not the time for those families to let their guard down,” she says. It’s not a reason to cancel multigenerational gatherings, but it’s a reminder to take precautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carpiano says that caregivers should do risk management of sorts and be prepared to bring masks and buy home tests you can take the day of arriving at someone’s house. “What we’re finding right now with testing is that these home tests can be really quite effective in [detecting] if an immediate or recent sort of infection has occurred,” he says. While these home tests might be a little hard to find, they are available at many local drugstores.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what precautions are recommended for protecting more vulnerable guests from possible exposure due to unvaccinated kids? It depends on the health and age of the relatives who will be attending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Grandma is a spry 70-year-old woman who has no medical problems and has two doses of vaccine plus a booster, I don’t think these kids are going to pose a ton of risk,” Landon says. But if the grandparent is over 80 and has medical problems, the risk of a bad outcome is much higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An easy step to take if you’re concerned about your unvaccinated kids passing the virus to grandparents is to mask up, not only during the visit, but also for a week in advance when in public, especially avoiding crowded, indoor spaces, even if mask mandates are not in effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she would not recommend keeping kids out of school to avoid exposure unless there are extra risks associated with your kids’ school — such as an outbreak of cases or a lack of masking. If the circumstances warrant missing school to protect a high-risk relative, “then that may be a layer you want to add,” Landon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option: If you live in a temperate climate, like many parts of the Bay Area, stay outdoors as much as possible for mixed-generation social events, and maybe choose to not sleep over in the same house with the grandparents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just come during the day for the big event and stay at a hotel,” Landon suggests. Or have the grandparents sleep in a hotel, she adds. If a hotel is not financially possible, you might consider asking friends or neighbors if their home is empty over the holiday season and available for you to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line: “You have to think about the risk of the individuals involved — about what would happen if they got COVID,” says Landon. And better to err on the side of caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894546/pfizer-covid-vaccine-kids-5-11-near-me\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Where Can I Get a Pfizer COVID Vaccine for Kids Age 5-11 Near Me?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>If you’re gathering with grandparents or other older people, realize this: They’re still at risk\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Reality check: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/10/20/1047727415/what-to-know-about-the-risk-of-serious-or-fatal-breakthrough-covid-infections\">People over 80 have an elevated risk of dying from COVID\u003c/a>, even if they’re vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the vaccines offer strong protection against hospitalization and death, breakthrough infections are a reality. Often, a coronavirus infection following vaccination leads to only mild illness, and sometimes people test positive but show no symptoms at all. However, older people and those with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of getting a severe breakthrough COVID case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it’s rare for breakthroughs to lead to hospitalization or death, the chances for one group are higher. As NPR reported, CDC data from August showed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/10/20/1047727415/what-to-know-about-the-risk-of-serious-or-fatal-breakthrough-covid-infections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fully vaccinated people age 80 or older were about 13 times more likely to die from COVID\u003c/a> compared to the general vaccinated population (of all ages). That’s one reason \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890031/where-can-i-get-a-pfizer-covid-booster-shot-near-me-heres-whos-eligible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">getting boosters is especially important\u003c/a> for older adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is something that we must be conscious of as people are gathering across generations,” Miller says. “Grandpa and Grandma are protected relative to if they hadn’t been vaccinated, but they are still at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why it makes sense to take precautions during travel and in the week leading up to any celebration where older friends and relatives will be present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would absolutely encourage people to continue to wear masks” in crowded, indoor places such as grocery stores, Miller says, even if it’s not mandatory. This will reduce the risk of being exposed and passing on the virus. And remember, the\u003ca href=\"https://www.tsa.gov/news/press/releases/2021/08/20/tsa-extends-face-mask-requirement-through-january-18-2022\"> Transportation Security Administration’s face mask requirement\u003c/a> remains in effect through Jan. 18, 2022, requiring masking in airports, aboard commercial airline flights, and on commuter bus and rail systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, bottom line, even if everyone invited to your holiday gathering is vaccinated, it’s still important to protect loved ones who are older or immunocompromised.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Get a booster shot if you’re eligible\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Federal health agencies now recommend \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/11/19/1057280974/cdc-advisers-back-expansion-of-covid-boosters-for-all-adults\">COVID vaccine boosters for all adults\u003c/a> six months after their last shot — and they may be especially important for adults over 50 or any adult with underlying conditions or a high-risk job. Getting one before holiday travel and gatherings could increase your immunity against COVID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agencies’ decision was based on emerging evidence that immunity can diminish over time and evidence that shows a booster dose can, just as the name implies, boost protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.11.15.21266341v1\">most recent real-world data\u003c/a> comes from the U.K. Back in September, the U.K. government introduced a booster program targeting people 50 and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Anthony Fauci, White House medical adviser and director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said the new analysis points to a significant increase in protection (against symptomatic infection) from a booster dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the third dose in people whose protection has drifted down to about 63%, you boost it back up to at least 94%, which is really quite impressive,” Fauci says. “That’s exactly the kind of thing you want boosters to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci says immunity begins to rebound within days after getting a booster shot, though you don’t get the peak of protection for two to four weeks later. He says before joining indoor holiday gatherings, especially in places with high viral transmission, “I would recommend if you are eligible for a boost, go get boosted right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890031/where-can-i-get-a-pfizer-covid-booster-shot-near-me-heres-whos-eligible\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Where Can I Get a Moderna, Johnson & Johnson or Pfizer COVID Booster Shot Near Me?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"tests\">\u003c/a>Rapid tests can protect your guests. Here’s how to know when to take one\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As a risk-reduction measure, you might want to ask your guests to take a COVID test before a large holiday get-together. A year ago, it was hard to get real-time information from COVID testing due to delays in test results and a lack of rapid test options. Now, there are plenty of over-the-counter rapid antigen tests, such as the Abbott BinaxNOW or Orasure InteliSwab, available online and in pharmacies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A rapid antigen test is an added layer of protection for everyone,” says Guzman-Cottrill, the pediatric infectious disease expert at Oregon Health and Science University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The antigen tests are a quick snapshot to see if the viral proteins are present in that person’s nose that day,” Guzman-Cottrill explains. So if a person was just exposed and the virus is still incubating, they could get a negative result one day followed by a positive result the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tests are not 100% reliable if someone has just been exposed, agrees Emily Landon, the infectious disease physician at the University of Chicago. “The test really doesn’t pick up really low levels of the virus in your nose, and so it’s not going to pick up a really early infection,” she says. So she recommends taking the test the morning of the gathering, or as close to the start of the gathering as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some families test before they travel, and then again when they get to their destination, depending on the level of risk of the people they’re staying with. (Note: Depending on which test you buy, instructions vary. For instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/media/147253/download\">BinaxNOW instructs\u003c/a> that people should be tested twice over three days with at least 24 hours between tests for most accurate results.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Miller of The Ohio State University College of Public Health is on board with a test-to-be-safe strategy, too. “It’s kind of a mindset,” Miller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a way to signal: Let’s make the visit as safe as it can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Alex Gonzalez, Brian Watt, Carly Severn and Lina Blanco. Thank you to our readers and listeners for sharing their questions with us. \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After a review process from the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, pediatric COVID-19 shots are now available for kids ages 5-11. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a long time coming for many kids and families who have been waiting for nearly a year. Today, we talk about what this means and answer some listeners’ big questions about the rollout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Guest\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TeacupInTheBay\">Carly Severn\u003c/a>, Senior Engagement Editor for KQED\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894546/pfizer-covid-vaccine-kids-5-11-near-me\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">More information about where to get a Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine for kids\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/superamazing_110821_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11895578\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/superamazing_110821_final.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: a boy dressed as a superhero under a sign that reads, "Superamazing Boy! Helping defeat a deadly pandemic with his supercharged immune system!" Kids in the background say, "I can't wait to get the shot, too!"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/superamazing_110821_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/superamazing_110821_final-800x555.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/superamazing_110821_final-1020x708.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/superamazing_110821_final-160x111.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/superamazing_110821_final-1536x1066.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health providers, counties and clinics are rolling out COVID vaccines for kids age 5-11 across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fiorekidvaccinestickers\">Here’s a handy guide with more information about where to get the Pfizer vaccine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And once those kids get their shot, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11895373/hey-kids-your-i-got-vaccinated-stickers-are-here\">they deserve a sticker\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Since children 5-11 are now eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine, I decided to create a selection of “I got vaccinated” stickers for kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fiorekidvaccinestickers\">Here is a handy guide that details where kids can get their first Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine shot\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First the vaccine, then the sticker, then let’s hope we’ll really have coronavirus on the run!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker001.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11895378\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker001.png\" alt='Cartoon: a smiley face sticker that reads, \"I got my COVID-19 vaccine!\"' width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker001.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker001-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker001-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker001-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker001-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11895379\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002.png\" alt='Cartoon: a sticker that reads \"I (heart) science! Vaccinated and healthy!\"' width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker003.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11895380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker003.png\" alt='Cartoon: a young girl with a shield and a sword, smiling while chasing a COVID character. Text reads, \"I got vaccinated and am helping fight COVID!\"' width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker003.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker003-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker003-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker003-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker003-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker004.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11895381\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker004.png\" alt='Cartoon: a sticker with a Band-aid character giving the thumbs-sign, text reads, \"I got mine!\"' width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker004.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker004-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker004-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker004-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker004-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker005.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11895382 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker005.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: a young boy is flying with a cape and boots. Text reads, "I'm an immunity superhero!"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker005.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker005-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker005-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker005-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker005-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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Vaccinated and healthy!\"' width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker002-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker003.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11895380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/vaccinesticker003.png\" alt='Cartoon: a young girl with a shield and a sword, smiling while chasing a COVID character. 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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amateurod_110421_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11895185\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amateurod_110421_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: a bright red COVID character hovers over the street as a monstrous \"fentanyl\" character looks at COVID and says \"amateur.\" We see homeless tents and \"o.d.\" in the San Francisco background.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1339\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amateurod_110421_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amateurod_110421_final-800x558.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amateurod_110421_final-1020x711.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amateurod_110421_final-160x112.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amateurod_110421_final-1536x1071.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than twice as many people died from overdoses in San Francisco in 2020 than from COVID-19, and this year may be just as bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/sfoverdosessort\">The city’s Street Overdose Response Team is working to change that\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these overdose deaths are tied to fentanyl, a synthetic opioid that is much more powerful than heroin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven hundred and twelve people overdosed and died in San Francisco in 2020, and data from 2021 points to a similar tragic trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Keep in mind that those numbers would be much higher were it not for Narcan, a drug that can reverse the effects of an overdose.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the vast majority of residents in the Bay Area have been focused on COVID-19, dedicated people working with San Francisco’s health and fire departments have also been saving the lives of people who have overdosed on city streets, and in apartments and hotels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Full disclosure: I am friends with \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/sfoverdosessort\">Capt. Michael Mason, who was interviewed for this story,\u003c/a> and I think he’s a saint.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"soldout": {
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