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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3Kw0nwm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read the transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC2463056734\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "bonus-your-stories-and-solutions-for-the-housing-crisis",
"title": "Bonus: Your Stories and Solutions for the Housing Crisis",
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"headTitle": "Bonus: Your Stories and Solutions for the Housing Crisis | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are your biggest ideas on how to solve the housing crisis? How has housing shaped your life?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Throughout this season, we wanted to hear from you — the Sold Out audience. We asked you to get in touch, and you came through!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">From voice memos to emails and social media, dozens of listeners reached out and shared stories of housing insecurity and loss, advocacy work, and visions for an equitable housing future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this bonus episode, hear from seven people for whom housing is at the center of everything. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5 id=\"embed-code\" class=\"inconsolata\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC9285725518&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/h5>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[TRANSCRIPT]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MOLLY SOLOMON: \u003c/strong>Hi! I’m Molly Solomon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ERIN BALDASSARI: \u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And I’m Erin Baldassari. You’re listening to Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America, and today we’ve got something special for you from producer Natalia Aldana.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Take it away, Natalia.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[SOLD OUT THEME MUSIC BEGINS]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11841421\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 451px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11841421\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"451\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A red for sale sign outside a home with a “sold pending” sticker posted across the front. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA ALDANA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When it comes to the housing crisis, every Californian has something to say about it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT RINALDO: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Man, it’s like — it’s like the air we breathe. It is literally, like, a fact of life if you live in California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>NATALIA: \u003c/strong>We can all point to how it’s impacted us — affected our families, our neighborhoods, and our livelihoods.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Throughout this season of Sold Out, we’ve been asking for your thoughts and experiences when it comes to housing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So many of you got in touch. And today, you’ll hear from seven people whose stories might challenge you, empathize with you, and hopefully, inspire you.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC – DECK LOFI]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">First up, we have a listener who wants us to rethink how we live — literally\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">who we share a roof with, and how the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">way \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">we understand family impacts our housing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cam Coulter rents an apartment with his partner in San Jose. And Cam thinks the housing system favors homeowners. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>CAM COULTER: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is probably a little hot-take, but I wish I could write off my rent payments as tax-deductible.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cam recognizes that tax incentives are meant to motivate homeownership. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>CAM:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And that might work in other parts of the country. But here I feel like it really just punishes the people who can’t afford to buy a home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although rent is not tax-deductible in California — the state does award a $60 renters tax credit for qualifying single filers who earn less than $43,533 a year. Since Cam and I last spoke, \u003ca href=\"https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/californias-renter-tax-credit-has-remained-unchanged-for-43-years-it-could-soon-increase/ar-AAW402s\">a state bill has been proposed that could potentially increase that credit to $500.\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT – DECK LOFI OUT]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Cam\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> doesn’t really want to buy a h\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ome, they do want to build equity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>CAM: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So I see the way that the desire to own a home is sort of constructed by the fact that it’s a great way to build wealth and have long-term stability. But I wish there were other ways to achieve that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911686\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 334px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11911686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-800x800.jpeg\" alt=\"A person sits on the grass.\" width=\"334\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-800x800.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-1020x1020.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-160x160.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-1536x1536.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-1920x1920.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cam Coulter wants KQED listeners to reimagine who we consider family, and how that might improve the housing crisis. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cam Coulter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> As for their other pie in the sky: Cam wants more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ic.org/what-is-an-intentional-community-30th-birthday-day-13/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">intentional housing or co-housing communities\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cb>CAM: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When I stop and dream about what, like, a beautiful, sustainable, healthy future would look like, I see housing that looks more like this.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’ve lived in intentional community before, and I’d like to do that again in the future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN – \u003c/b>\u003cb>SUNKISSED]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Live not just with my own, how to say, like, nuclear family, but with other people, and to share space with them, share grocery budgets, do communal activities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I would love to live in a co-housing community where my partner and I could have some of our own space but also share common spaces with community. I would love to live in, like, a larger, multi-family home where maybe four to 10 adults, or kids, could comfortably live together without overcrowding.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And this could benefit a lot of multi-generational families who I know are already overcrowded in their small single-family home. I think we have too few of those options.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT – \u003c/b>\u003cb>SUNKISSED]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cam is nonbinary, and says the connection between queer and trans folks living in found families has probably influenced this perspective.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>CAM: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One thing that makes me frustrated is that so many of the housing units we have are designed for a nuclear family. Or perhaps, you know, you can have maybe grandparents or something, but they’re really designed as like single-family homes or small apartments, or just one or a couple of people. But that’s not really what I want.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the largest barriers to\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">building more co-housing is, no surprise, money. But,\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cam is cheering on organizations like the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://southbayclt.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">South Bay Community Land Trust\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is working on acquiring their \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://southbayclt.org/capital-campaign-reed-st-acquisition/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">first community-owned house in San Jose\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cam believes co-housing can have additional benefits, like boosting our social health.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>CAM: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s like a really big issue these days, is that so many people are isolated. And when I lived in community before, I really loved just constantly having people around. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It did a lot of good for me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN – SEARCHING FOR TREASURE]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our next listener knows that\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the housing crisis should be attacked on every single front. So Santa Cruz renter Ernesto Anguiano is setting his sights on a culprit that some might consider a friend.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You see… Ernesto wants to see cities change their zoning laws to allow for more multi-family housing. And he wants to see Bay Area cities built denser. He thinks one way to achieve that is by rethinking parking.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911347\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 536px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11911347 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA-1020x689.jpg\" alt=\"A man stands on a mountainside with a board.\" width=\"536\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA-1536x1038.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA.jpg 1818w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ernesto Anguiano rents in Santa Cruz and wants listeners to consider how their car might impact the housing crisis. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ernesto Anguiano)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT – SEARCHING FOR TREASURE]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ERNESTO: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There’s a lot of things that affect your ability to purchase a home. And the parking one was a unique aspect on it\u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When there are parking minimums for housing developments\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, spaces for cars eat up what could be spaces for housing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ERNESTO: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So you’re essentially subsidizing that parking space that you could be building valuable housing in.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Ernesto sees it, denser cities create more transit options, so reducing a dependency on cars can help the environment, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">and makes it possible to afford a home. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">All of these changes can help the housing crisis.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ERNESTO: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You know, everybody should have the opportunity and the ability to live where they want to live. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And if you want to have, you know, your single-family home, or your single-family neighborhood, you know, I can respect that. But at the same time, you have to give others the opportunity to live in that same neighborhood.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: WURLY REGGAETON]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ernesto knows folks have a reliance on cars, but he hopes he’s planted the seed for more conversations in the future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Next, we turn to Eva Hopkins who has a vision for Oakland, her hometown. She has big thoughts on gentrification and ways to address it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>EVA HOPKINS:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> You have to at least have one point something million dollars to get a good house, in a good area, in Oakland. And I essentially got priced out of Oakland.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When we spoke Eva had just sold her condo in Emeryville and was preparing to move into her new home in Hercules. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: WURLY REGGAETON]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She sees how Oakland has changed. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11830938\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11830938\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Single-family homes near MacArthur BART station in Oakland, on Feb. 21, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>EVA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">All these developers coming in, and I’m going to say, white developers, coming in and kicking us all out, rebuilding stuff, and making it unaffordable for the people that were there before. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Where you could have been paying $1,000 for rent, now you’re paying $4,000 for rent.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: DIZZY]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Because if you talk about poverty, and stuff like that, you’re pushing us into poverty because we can’t afford this, and people don’t have anywhere to go. So where does that push them? When you push them out, that pushes them on the streets, and there’s poverty right there, right? So it’s basically keeping us from rising on top, and pushing us straight to the bottom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s really important that when there are major developers coming in and redeveloping places, that they are community-driven. Get those construction companies that are in the community that you’re building in and get those residents working somehow, someway on this project so that they can live in the places that they build.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And it’s not just Oakland\u003c/span>\u003cb> — \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Eva works at a non-profit in San Francisco, and points to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sf-hrc.org/sites/default/files/Dream%20Keeper%20Initiative_One%20Pager.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dream Keeper Initiative\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as one tool to address gentrification there.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: DIZZY]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s a city-wide effort to reinvest $120 million from law enforcement into San Francisco’s Black community. $10 million is allocated for housing and homeownership.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Eva navigated the buyer and seller’s market these past few months, she said similar programs and initiatives really helped her, and she hopes prospective home buyers will take advantage of resources out there.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>EVA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They are making it possible for people of color, and you know us, to buy homes, so take advantage of it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taking advantage of programs is just one way to stabilize communities. But while that may not have been enough to help Eva own in Oakland, she said she’s proud to live in a Bay Area city and remain near her mom and brother.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC TRANSITION]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> We’re going to take a quick break. Coming up, one listener points to some legislation they think could make waves in affordability, a landlord who considered leaving the business, and someone who shows us the devastating effects of displacement.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MIDROLL – ADVERTISEMENT]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sean Ripley emailed us wanting to talk about a controversial policy in his city. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Opportunity to Purchase Act, or OPA, would give current tenants, as well as qualifying nonprofits, the first shot at buying certain residential properties.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SEAN RIPLEY: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The hope is that this will create housing that has a permanent affordability to it, like the housing preservation that will happen over time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although OPA has been discussed in the city since \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/housing/page/20967/2021.10.05_ppt_epa_opportunity_to_purchase_act_final.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2018\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, it was first formally considered by the East Palo Alto City Council in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/housing/page/20967/2021.10.05_ppt_epa_opportunity_to_purchase_act_final.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">October 2021\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — and the disagreements soon followed, through Facebook forums and city protests.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.noepaopa.com/home\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">NO to EPA OPA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> website, one of the arguments against this ordinance is that it could damage the single-family housing market and property values.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911350\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 332px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11911350 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love-1020x1530.jpeg\" alt=\"A man smiles at the camera while wearing a bright red jacket, in front of a wall of bright red flowers.\" width=\"332\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love-1020x1530.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love-800x1200.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love-1024x1536.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love.jpeg 1365w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sean Ripley, seen here posing for a local event, wants KQED listeners to know what’s happening in his city of East Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(Jerry Chang, courtesy of Sean Ripley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SEAN: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s kind of that part of the conversation, the financial argument on one side, against the kind of, housing and restorative justice aspect on the other side.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sean and his wife own a single-family home in East Palo Alto. As a homeowner, he recognizes that his property value could fall, but in the end, he says he wants to see everyone in his community have an equitable opportunity to grow and thrive.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SEAN: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I do care about the value of my house. But I would be willing to take a hit to that value if I knew that the neighbors around me would be able to be uplifted.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: ALWAYS ON THE UP HIP HOP]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Because I know that them being uplifted raises everything, including myself. I don’t have to just focus on my property, in my silo, in my small piece of the world — I live in something bigger. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When I spoke to Sean in February, a vote was expected on OPA on March 1st, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/03/02/east-palo-alto-tables-considers-diluting-controversial-tenants-rights-ordinance/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">but it’s since been postponed, likely, for up to 10 months.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This season of Sold Out talked about the loss of small landlords, and how the rise of corporate landlords has led to more evictions. But what makes a small landlord want to stop being a landlord?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jenny Johnston says so much of being a landlord has changed, and recently, she considered leaving the business.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jenny lives in a Berkeley duplex she and her husband purchased in 2003, and they started renting it out to help pay their mortgage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Back then, she says identifying a tenant was a lot easier. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: ALWAYS ON THE UP HIP HOP]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>JENNY JOHNSTON: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And at that time, we interviewed people and we did a background check, and we checked and saw what they were earning. We kind of basically just said, “Well, I don’t know, did you get a good feeling from those people or not?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But now, she says the pandemic’s impacts on the economy, plus the eviction moratorium have made it much more challenging to be a landlord.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11809882\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11809882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS612_foreclosure20120511-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"Two houses, side by side, one with boarded-up windows.\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS612_foreclosure20120511-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS612_foreclosure20120511-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS612_foreclosure20120511-1020x666.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS612_foreclosure20120511-1920x1254.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom’s moratorium on evictions came after advocacy organizations and some state lawmakers made repeated calls to the governor to provide protection to renters when residents were told to shelter in place. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>JENNY: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The criteria have gotten stricter. I needed to make sure that people had almost like an extra cushion, that they would be able to, you know — and maybe I’m very careful — like, you know, what if somebody was working for a restaurant or a bakery? Well, you know, it could shut down if business wasn’t good, right?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It even made Jenny question whether this was still a sustainable source of income.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>JENNY: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If I look back that far and I say, hey, if I had gotten out of this and just put the money into some mutual fund in the stock market or something, I would have actually done better.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: PASTIME]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, companies own at least two-thirds of apartment buildings nationwide — a big change from the late 80’s when a majority of landlords were considered “mom and pop” shops.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jenny says she knows of other property owners who have stopped renting because the process has become too difficult to manage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>JENNY:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I mean, I understand that during the pandemic the government didn’t want people to be kicked out of their housing because of the lack of rent, but I’ve heard of several cases of other friends of mine who have units who just stopped renting them because they didn’t want to rent out without knowing that they had some control over what was happening on their property.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jenny says regulations like eviction protections and rent payment postponement, have made renting more labor-intensive, and financially riskier for her.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: PASTIME]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She believes a way out of the crisis is to build more housing, rather than placing more restrictions on the limited housing available.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>JENNY:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> If you take a number of places that already exist and start to make a lot of rules about how people can offer those, it doesn’t make more places for people to live, it actually makes it harder.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I don’t hear that point of view very often. And I know that, you know, different people see this in different ways and that, you know, some protections are important, but just trying to make people offer their units in a certain way is not going to create new units or places for people to live.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jenny continues to rent out her place in Berkeley, and says seeing more houses built in her East Bay community gives her hope.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: Lo Fi Fun Rap]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Next, we’ll hear from two organizers — the experiences that brought them to this work, and the issues they’re determined to solve.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ALEX MELENDREZ: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Housing is a human right.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alex Melendrez lives with his parents in San Bruno, where he pays rent.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And he has a guiding principle for his work.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cb>ALEX: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Everyone deserves a stable home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: Lo Fi Fun Rap]\u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the son of Mexican and Afghan immigrants, Alex is concerned with how the housing crisis has led to overcrowding in immigrant and refugee communities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ALEX: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many of them will tell you finding permanently affordable housing is the biggest challenge to stabilizing community members who already face large barriers and cultural changes that make adjusting difficult.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s not a recipe for success if you do not have a stable home.\u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911688\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 372px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11911688\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"A young man stands in the snow.\" width=\"372\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Melendrez wrote to KQED wanting to talk about the effects the housing crisis has had on refugee communities. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alex Melendrez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Despite all the challenges surrounding the housing crisis, Alex remains hopeful.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: PEACEFUL WONDER]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ALEX: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As cheesy as it sounds, never underestimate your power to be part of the solution. Sending an email, making public comments, participating in an upcoming housing discussion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I like to say any good organizer who loves policies or the debates around these conversations knows that policy isn’t what organizes people — it’s stories and impact.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">: With that, we turn to our final conversation with someone who has experienced eviction very young — Margot Rinaldo.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Knowing its effects firsthand has been a huge motivation in Margot’s work today, and it gives her a unique perspective on politics.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Her story starts in San Jose — the place where she last felt stability during her childhood.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT RINALDO: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was a two-story house. It was like a white building with, like, blue roofs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I lived in that house until I was 11. What I really remember about that home was like, it was ours, like, it was ours.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">All of that started changing around 2007, which is when my dad started receiving lots of calls from the bank.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: PEACEFUL WONDER]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And then finally, in like 2008, I remember one day my dad telling us, we’re going to lose the house.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This was during the Great Recession. Without an immediate place to go, her dad put their belongings in a storage unit.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cb>MARGOT:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And I remember, like, just staring at a pile of my toys and thinking to myself, like, I’m not going to be able to take all of these with me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a child, Margot says she didn’t understand the foreclosure crisis, or why the things that comforted her were now going away.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She has a strong memory of sitting in her dad’s car.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And like looking up at the sky and being like, I hope to God he finds a house soon. Like, that we can be a family again.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Margot moved around a lot over the next few years — 4 different cities, 3 different high schools, and many different homes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She told me about the place they moved into after losing her childhood home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The only house we could get was not equipped for people to be living in.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I just remember like constantly, like, scratching at my ankles, and like these open sores would be on my ankles for, like, days because of all the flea bites. And we also didn’t have any furniture in that house.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Margot says housing instability dominoed into every part of her life.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s largely like a lack of security, a lack of the ability to feel calm, a lack of the ability to relax or, you know, feel confident in your future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That lack of security affected\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Margot’s grades and social life. She remembers getting a D in Spanish class, despite being a native speaker.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I remember sitting at the Caltrain and, like, thinking, like, there’s no future for me to go to college or anything like that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But Margot remained determined to continue her education.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her senior year of high school, she worked 40 hours a week to save enough money for the first few months of rent in the college dorms.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Then for my 18th birthday present, my dad bought me a chance to take the S.A.T. and so that was my — I remember that was my 18th birthday present.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Margot’s experiences with the housing crisis set her on her life path.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911349\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11911349 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-1020x1360.jpeg\" alt=\"A young woman with red glasses takes a selfie while in a room decorated with books.\" width=\"342\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-1536x2048.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-scaled.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Margot Rinaldo wrote to KQED wanting to share how her childhood shaped her views on housing issues. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Margot Rinaldo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: NEW INQUIRY]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She graduated from Sacramento State in December 2021 with a degree in political science. She now lives in Sacramento and is a community organizer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">also\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> a regular at City Council meetings.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you’re a homeowner, you’re listened to when you call into the City Council meetings and you tell them you don’t like the look of unhoused people living near your neighborhood. They’ll go and sweep those people because you’re a homeowner, like, you matter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What’s clear to me is, like, certain people’s housing is a priority.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: NEW INQUIRY]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What Margot has learned throughout her childhood, her studies and her involvement in the community is that housing instability and displacement is not a failure of individuals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s a collective failure of our society. Especially for folks who have gone through so much housing insecurity like it’s really important to like, reclaim your sense of self.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As for solutions, Margot has a lot of ideas on how we can begin to chip away at the housing crisis, starting with more action from government leaders.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>You know, o\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ur local representatives need to start advocating at the state level. If they are being burdened by state policies that are not allowing them to move quickly enough for renters or for unhoused people, like, they need to start advocating at the state level. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And she’s got some advice on how to get started.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I hope if any young people are listening like you have power — you do have power. It takes a bit to organize and to, like, get to know where your supporters are in your community, but they’re there.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not only should you join an organization, but you should also be, like, reevaluating possibly how your individual circumstances are connected to the larger community around you.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: LEAVING THE CITY]\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When I think of home, I think about how every time I go to the Bay now, I take the Amtrak. When I get off the Amtrak, the bus transfer is right in front of the biggest Chase Bank building you’ve ever seen. When I sit across the street from that building, I wonder who is allowed in the highest levels of that building?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I know that my view of San Francisco is really different than theirs. And so in those moments, I’m really overcome with, like, bittersweet homesickness. That reminds me of when I was growing up there.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I feel like the Bay Area for me has always been an art gallery, where the paintings are placed really high so only the tallest people are ever able to see them. And then as I’ve gotten older, I’ve been able to identify that the place that I’ve always considered home has always seemed to reject me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Margot has been dedicating her energy on political education, by organizing teach-ins on Sacramento’s history of housing segregation, how housing policies work, and how to inspire greater local advocacy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thank you to everyone who shared their stories with me. That’s Cam Coulter, Ernesto Anguiano, Eva Hopkins, and Sean Ripley, Jenny Johnston, Alex Melendrez, and Margot Rinaldo.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: LEAVING THE CITY]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And to the many others who shared their housing experiences — thank you.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[THEME MUSIC IN] \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For those of you who haven’t gotten in touch — and still want to — we’re here! Send us an email at \u003ca href=\"mailto:housing@kqed.org\">housing@kqed.org\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We always want to hear your experiences and your biggest, boldest and wildest idea for the future of housing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ERIN: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That was Sold Out producer Natalia Aldana.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thank you to everyone who shared a tweet, Instagram post, or called and emailed us.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sold Out is a production of KQED. Natalia Aldana reported and produced this story. Editing by Kyana Moghadam and Jessica Placzek. Additional support came from Erika Kelly, Molly Solomon, and me, Erin Baldassari.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>MOLLY: \u003c/strong>Brendan Willard is our sound engineer. And Rob Speight wrote our theme song. Gerald Fermin is our engagement intern.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We couldn’t have made this season without Ethan Toven-Lindsey, Holly Kernan, Erika Aguilar and Vinnee Tong.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>ERIN: \u003c/strong>Thanks so much for listening. That’s a wrap!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[THEME MUSIC OUT]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Bonus: Your Stories and Solutions for the Housing Crisis | KQED",
"description": "What are your biggest ideas on how to solve the housing crisis? How has housing shaped your life? Throughout this season, we wanted to hear from you — the Sold Out audience. We asked you to get in touch, and you came through! From voice memos to emails and social media, dozens of listeners reached out and shared stories of housing insecurity and loss, advocacy work, and visions for an equitable housing future. In this bonus episode, hear from seven people for whom housing is at the center of everything. MOLLY SOLOMON: Hi! I’m Molly Solomon. ERIN BALDASSARI: And",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are your biggest ideas on how to solve the housing crisis? How has housing shaped your life?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Throughout this season, we wanted to hear from you — the Sold Out audience. We asked you to get in touch, and you came through!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">From voice memos to emails and social media, dozens of listeners reached out and shared stories of housing insecurity and loss, advocacy work, and visions for an equitable housing future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this bonus episode, hear from seven people for whom housing is at the center of everything. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch5 id=\"embed-code\" class=\"inconsolata\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC9285725518&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/h5>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[TRANSCRIPT]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MOLLY SOLOMON: \u003c/strong>Hi! I’m Molly Solomon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ERIN BALDASSARI: \u003c/strong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And I’m Erin Baldassari. You’re listening to Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America, and today we’ve got something special for you from producer Natalia Aldana.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Take it away, Natalia.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[SOLD OUT THEME MUSIC BEGINS]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11841421\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 451px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11841421\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"451\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut-1536x1018.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/10/RS16247_GettyImages-150582090-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 451px) 100vw, 451px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A red for sale sign outside a home with a “sold pending” sticker posted across the front. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA ALDANA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When it comes to the housing crisis, every Californian has something to say about it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT RINALDO: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Man, it’s like — it’s like the air we breathe. It is literally, like, a fact of life if you live in California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>NATALIA: \u003c/strong>We can all point to how it’s impacted us — affected our families, our neighborhoods, and our livelihoods.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Throughout this season of Sold Out, we’ve been asking for your thoughts and experiences when it comes to housing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So many of you got in touch. And today, you’ll hear from seven people whose stories might challenge you, empathize with you, and hopefully, inspire you.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC – DECK LOFI]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">First up, we have a listener who wants us to rethink how we live — literally\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">who we share a roof with, and how the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">way \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">we understand family impacts our housing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cam Coulter rents an apartment with his partner in San Jose. And Cam thinks the housing system favors homeowners. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>CAM COULTER: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is probably a little hot-take, but I wish I could write off my rent payments as tax-deductible.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cam recognizes that tax incentives are meant to motivate homeownership. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>CAM:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And that might work in other parts of the country. But here I feel like it really just punishes the people who can’t afford to buy a home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although rent is not tax-deductible in California — the state does award a $60 renters tax credit for qualifying single filers who earn less than $43,533 a year. Since Cam and I last spoke, \u003ca href=\"https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/californias-renter-tax-credit-has-remained-unchanged-for-43-years-it-could-soon-increase/ar-AAW402s\">a state bill has been proposed that could potentially increase that credit to $500.\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT – DECK LOFI OUT]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Cam\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> doesn’t really want to buy a h\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ome, they do want to build equity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>CAM: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So I see the way that the desire to own a home is sort of constructed by the fact that it’s a great way to build wealth and have long-term stability. But I wish there were other ways to achieve that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911686\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 334px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11911686\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-800x800.jpeg\" alt=\"A person sits on the grass.\" width=\"334\" height=\"334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-800x800.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-1020x1020.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-160x160.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-1536x1536.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter-1920x1920.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Cam-Coulter.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cam Coulter wants KQED listeners to reimagine who we consider family, and how that might improve the housing crisis. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Cam Coulter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> As for their other pie in the sky: Cam wants more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ic.org/what-is-an-intentional-community-30th-birthday-day-13/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">intentional housing or co-housing communities\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cb>CAM: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When I stop and dream about what, like, a beautiful, sustainable, healthy future would look like, I see housing that looks more like this.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’ve lived in intentional community before, and I’d like to do that again in the future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN – \u003c/b>\u003cb>SUNKISSED]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Live not just with my own, how to say, like, nuclear family, but with other people, and to share space with them, share grocery budgets, do communal activities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I would love to live in a co-housing community where my partner and I could have some of our own space but also share common spaces with community. I would love to live in, like, a larger, multi-family home where maybe four to 10 adults, or kids, could comfortably live together without overcrowding.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And this could benefit a lot of multi-generational families who I know are already overcrowded in their small single-family home. I think we have too few of those options.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT – \u003c/b>\u003cb>SUNKISSED]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cam is nonbinary, and says the connection between queer and trans folks living in found families has probably influenced this perspective.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>CAM: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One thing that makes me frustrated is that so many of the housing units we have are designed for a nuclear family. Or perhaps, you know, you can have maybe grandparents or something, but they’re really designed as like single-family homes or small apartments, or just one or a couple of people. But that’s not really what I want.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">One of the largest barriers to\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">building more co-housing is, no surprise, money. But,\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cam is cheering on organizations like the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://southbayclt.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">South Bay Community Land Trust\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is working on acquiring their \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://southbayclt.org/capital-campaign-reed-st-acquisition/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">first community-owned house in San Jose\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cam believes co-housing can have additional benefits, like boosting our social health.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>CAM: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s like a really big issue these days, is that so many people are isolated. And when I lived in community before, I really loved just constantly having people around. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It did a lot of good for me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN – SEARCHING FOR TREASURE]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our next listener knows that\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the housing crisis should be attacked on every single front. So Santa Cruz renter Ernesto Anguiano is setting his sights on a culprit that some might consider a friend.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You see… Ernesto wants to see cities change their zoning laws to allow for more multi-family housing. And he wants to see Bay Area cities built denser. He thinks one way to achieve that is by rethinking parking.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911347\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 536px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11911347 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA-1020x689.jpg\" alt=\"A man stands on a mountainside with a board.\" width=\"536\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA-800x540.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA-1536x1038.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/ErnestoA.jpg 1818w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 536px) 100vw, 536px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ernesto Anguiano rents in Santa Cruz and wants listeners to consider how their car might impact the housing crisis. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ernesto Anguiano)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT – SEARCHING FOR TREASURE]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ERNESTO: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There’s a lot of things that affect your ability to purchase a home. And the parking one was a unique aspect on it\u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When there are parking minimums for housing developments\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, spaces for cars eat up what could be spaces for housing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ERNESTO: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So you’re essentially subsidizing that parking space that you could be building valuable housing in.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Ernesto sees it, denser cities create more transit options, so reducing a dependency on cars can help the environment, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">and makes it possible to afford a home. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">All of these changes can help the housing crisis.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ERNESTO: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You know, everybody should have the opportunity and the ability to live where they want to live. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And if you want to have, you know, your single-family home, or your single-family neighborhood, you know, I can respect that. But at the same time, you have to give others the opportunity to live in that same neighborhood.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: WURLY REGGAETON]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ernesto knows folks have a reliance on cars, but he hopes he’s planted the seed for more conversations in the future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Next, we turn to Eva Hopkins who has a vision for Oakland, her hometown. She has big thoughts on gentrification and ways to address it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>EVA HOPKINS:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> You have to at least have one point something million dollars to get a good house, in a good area, in Oakland. And I essentially got priced out of Oakland.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When we spoke Eva had just sold her condo in Emeryville and was preparing to move into her new home in Hercules. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: WURLY REGGAETON]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She sees how Oakland has changed. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11830938\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11830938\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/07/RS41536_009_KQED_Housing_Oakland_02212020_3511-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Single-family homes near MacArthur BART station in Oakland, on Feb. 21, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>EVA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">All these developers coming in, and I’m going to say, white developers, coming in and kicking us all out, rebuilding stuff, and making it unaffordable for the people that were there before. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Where you could have been paying $1,000 for rent, now you’re paying $4,000 for rent.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: DIZZY]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Because if you talk about poverty, and stuff like that, you’re pushing us into poverty because we can’t afford this, and people don’t have anywhere to go. So where does that push them? When you push them out, that pushes them on the streets, and there’s poverty right there, right? So it’s basically keeping us from rising on top, and pushing us straight to the bottom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s really important that when there are major developers coming in and redeveloping places, that they are community-driven. Get those construction companies that are in the community that you’re building in and get those residents working somehow, someway on this project so that they can live in the places that they build.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And it’s not just Oakland\u003c/span>\u003cb> — \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Eva works at a non-profit in San Francisco, and points to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sf-hrc.org/sites/default/files/Dream%20Keeper%20Initiative_One%20Pager.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dream Keeper Initiative\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as one tool to address gentrification there.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: DIZZY]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s a city-wide effort to reinvest $120 million from law enforcement into San Francisco’s Black community. $10 million is allocated for housing and homeownership.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As Eva navigated the buyer and seller’s market these past few months, she said similar programs and initiatives really helped her, and she hopes prospective home buyers will take advantage of resources out there.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>EVA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They are making it possible for people of color, and you know us, to buy homes, so take advantage of it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Taking advantage of programs is just one way to stabilize communities. But while that may not have been enough to help Eva own in Oakland, she said she’s proud to live in a Bay Area city and remain near her mom and brother.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC TRANSITION]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> We’re going to take a quick break. Coming up, one listener points to some legislation they think could make waves in affordability, a landlord who considered leaving the business, and someone who shows us the devastating effects of displacement.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MIDROLL – ADVERTISEMENT]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sean Ripley emailed us wanting to talk about a controversial policy in his city. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Opportunity to Purchase Act, or OPA, would give current tenants, as well as qualifying nonprofits, the first shot at buying certain residential properties.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SEAN RIPLEY: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The hope is that this will create housing that has a permanent affordability to it, like the housing preservation that will happen over time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Although OPA has been discussed in the city since \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/housing/page/20967/2021.10.05_ppt_epa_opportunity_to_purchase_act_final.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2018\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, it was first formally considered by the East Palo Alto City Council in \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofepa.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/housing/page/20967/2021.10.05_ppt_epa_opportunity_to_purchase_act_final.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">October 2021\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — and the disagreements soon followed, through Facebook forums and city protests.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.noepaopa.com/home\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">NO to EPA OPA\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> website, one of the arguments against this ordinance is that it could damage the single-family housing market and property values.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911350\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 332px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11911350 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love-1020x1530.jpeg\" alt=\"A man smiles at the camera while wearing a bright red jacket, in front of a wall of bright red flowers.\" width=\"332\" height=\"498\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love-1020x1530.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love-800x1200.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love-1024x1536.jpeg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Sean-Ripley-Day-of-Love.jpeg 1365w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sean Ripley, seen here posing for a local event, wants KQED listeners to know what’s happening in his city of East Palo Alto. \u003ccite>(Jerry Chang, courtesy of Sean Ripley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SEAN: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s kind of that part of the conversation, the financial argument on one side, against the kind of, housing and restorative justice aspect on the other side.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sean and his wife own a single-family home in East Palo Alto. As a homeowner, he recognizes that his property value could fall, but in the end, he says he wants to see everyone in his community have an equitable opportunity to grow and thrive.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>SEAN: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I do care about the value of my house. But I would be willing to take a hit to that value if I knew that the neighbors around me would be able to be uplifted.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: ALWAYS ON THE UP HIP HOP]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Because I know that them being uplifted raises everything, including myself. I don’t have to just focus on my property, in my silo, in my small piece of the world — I live in something bigger. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When I spoke to Sean in February, a vote was expected on OPA on March 1st, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/03/02/east-palo-alto-tables-considers-diluting-controversial-tenants-rights-ordinance/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">but it’s since been postponed, likely, for up to 10 months.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This season of Sold Out talked about the loss of small landlords, and how the rise of corporate landlords has led to more evictions. But what makes a small landlord want to stop being a landlord?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jenny Johnston says so much of being a landlord has changed, and recently, she considered leaving the business.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jenny lives in a Berkeley duplex she and her husband purchased in 2003, and they started renting it out to help pay their mortgage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Back then, she says identifying a tenant was a lot easier. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: ALWAYS ON THE UP HIP HOP]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>JENNY JOHNSTON: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And at that time, we interviewed people and we did a background check, and we checked and saw what they were earning. We kind of basically just said, “Well, I don’t know, did you get a good feeling from those people or not?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But now, she says the pandemic’s impacts on the economy, plus the eviction moratorium have made it much more challenging to be a landlord.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11809882\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11809882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS612_foreclosure20120511-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"Two houses, side by side, one with boarded-up windows.\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS612_foreclosure20120511-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS612_foreclosure20120511-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS612_foreclosure20120511-1020x666.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/RS612_foreclosure20120511-1920x1254.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Gavin Newsom’s moratorium on evictions came after advocacy organizations and some state lawmakers made repeated calls to the governor to provide protection to renters when residents were told to shelter in place. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>JENNY: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The criteria have gotten stricter. I needed to make sure that people had almost like an extra cushion, that they would be able to, you know — and maybe I’m very careful — like, you know, what if somebody was working for a restaurant or a bakery? Well, you know, it could shut down if business wasn’t good, right?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It even made Jenny question whether this was still a sustainable source of income.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>JENNY: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If I look back that far and I say, hey, if I had gotten out of this and just put the money into some mutual fund in the stock market or something, I would have actually done better.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: PASTIME]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, companies own at least two-thirds of apartment buildings nationwide — a big change from the late 80’s when a majority of landlords were considered “mom and pop” shops.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jenny says she knows of other property owners who have stopped renting because the process has become too difficult to manage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>JENNY:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I mean, I understand that during the pandemic the government didn’t want people to be kicked out of their housing because of the lack of rent, but I’ve heard of several cases of other friends of mine who have units who just stopped renting them because they didn’t want to rent out without knowing that they had some control over what was happening on their property.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jenny says regulations like eviction protections and rent payment postponement, have made renting more labor-intensive, and financially riskier for her.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: PASTIME]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She believes a way out of the crisis is to build more housing, rather than placing more restrictions on the limited housing available.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>JENNY:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> If you take a number of places that already exist and start to make a lot of rules about how people can offer those, it doesn’t make more places for people to live, it actually makes it harder.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I don’t hear that point of view very often. And I know that, you know, different people see this in different ways and that, you know, some protections are important, but just trying to make people offer their units in a certain way is not going to create new units or places for people to live.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jenny continues to rent out her place in Berkeley, and says seeing more houses built in her East Bay community gives her hope.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: Lo Fi Fun Rap]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Next, we’ll hear from two organizers — the experiences that brought them to this work, and the issues they’re determined to solve.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ALEX MELENDREZ: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Housing is a human right.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alex Melendrez lives with his parents in San Bruno, where he pays rent.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And he has a guiding principle for his work.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cb>ALEX: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Everyone deserves a stable home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: Lo Fi Fun Rap]\u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As the son of Mexican and Afghan immigrants, Alex is concerned with how the housing crisis has led to overcrowding in immigrant and refugee communities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ALEX: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many of them will tell you finding permanently affordable housing is the biggest challenge to stabilizing community members who already face large barriers and cultural changes that make adjusting difficult.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s not a recipe for success if you do not have a stable home.\u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911688\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 372px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11911688\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"A young man stands in the snow.\" width=\"372\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez-1229x1536.jpg 1229w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Alex-Melendrez.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Melendrez wrote to KQED wanting to talk about the effects the housing crisis has had on refugee communities. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alex Melendrez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Despite all the challenges surrounding the housing crisis, Alex remains hopeful.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: PEACEFUL WONDER]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ALEX: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As cheesy as it sounds, never underestimate your power to be part of the solution. Sending an email, making public comments, participating in an upcoming housing discussion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I like to say any good organizer who loves policies or the debates around these conversations knows that policy isn’t what organizes people — it’s stories and impact.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">: With that, we turn to our final conversation with someone who has experienced eviction very young — Margot Rinaldo.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Knowing its effects firsthand has been a huge motivation in Margot’s work today, and it gives her a unique perspective on politics.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Her story starts in San Jose — the place where she last felt stability during her childhood.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT RINALDO: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was a two-story house. It was like a white building with, like, blue roofs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I lived in that house until I was 11. What I really remember about that home was like, it was ours, like, it was ours.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">All of that started changing around 2007, which is when my dad started receiving lots of calls from the bank.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: PEACEFUL WONDER]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And then finally, in like 2008, I remember one day my dad telling us, we’re going to lose the house.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This was during the Great Recession. Without an immediate place to go, her dad put their belongings in a storage unit.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cb>MARGOT:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And I remember, like, just staring at a pile of my toys and thinking to myself, like, I’m not going to be able to take all of these with me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As a child, Margot says she didn’t understand the foreclosure crisis, or why the things that comforted her were now going away.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She has a strong memory of sitting in her dad’s car.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And like looking up at the sky and being like, I hope to God he finds a house soon. Like, that we can be a family again.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Margot moved around a lot over the next few years — 4 different cities, 3 different high schools, and many different homes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She told me about the place they moved into after losing her childhood home.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The only house we could get was not equipped for people to be living in.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I just remember like constantly, like, scratching at my ankles, and like these open sores would be on my ankles for, like, days because of all the flea bites. And we also didn’t have any furniture in that house.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Margot says housing instability dominoed into every part of her life.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s largely like a lack of security, a lack of the ability to feel calm, a lack of the ability to relax or, you know, feel confident in your future.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That lack of security affected\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Margot’s grades and social life. She remembers getting a D in Spanish class, despite being a native speaker.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I remember sitting at the Caltrain and, like, thinking, like, there’s no future for me to go to college or anything like that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But Margot remained determined to continue her education.\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her senior year of high school, she worked 40 hours a week to save enough money for the first few months of rent in the college dorms.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Then for my 18th birthday present, my dad bought me a chance to take the S.A.T. and so that was my — I remember that was my 18th birthday present.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Margot’s experiences with the housing crisis set her on her life path.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911349\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11911349 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-1020x1360.jpeg\" alt=\"A young woman with red glasses takes a selfie while in a room decorated with books.\" width=\"342\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-1536x2048.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_5823-scaled.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Margot Rinaldo wrote to KQED wanting to share how her childhood shaped her views on housing issues. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Margot Rinaldo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: NEW INQUIRY]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She graduated from Sacramento State in December 2021 with a degree in political science. She now lives in Sacramento and is a community organizer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">also\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> a regular at City Council meetings.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you’re a homeowner, you’re listened to when you call into the City Council meetings and you tell them you don’t like the look of unhoused people living near your neighborhood. They’ll go and sweep those people because you’re a homeowner, like, you matter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What’s clear to me is, like, certain people’s housing is a priority.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: NEW INQUIRY]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What Margot has learned throughout her childhood, her studies and her involvement in the community is that housing instability and displacement is not a failure of individuals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s a collective failure of our society. Especially for folks who have gone through so much housing insecurity like it’s really important to like, reclaim your sense of self.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As for solutions, Margot has a lot of ideas on how we can begin to chip away at the housing crisis, starting with more action from government leaders.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>You know, o\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ur local representatives need to start advocating at the state level. If they are being burdened by state policies that are not allowing them to move quickly enough for renters or for unhoused people, like, they need to start advocating at the state level. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And she’s got some advice on how to get started.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I hope if any young people are listening like you have power — you do have power. It takes a bit to organize and to, like, get to know where your supporters are in your community, but they’re there.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not only should you join an organization, but you should also be, like, reevaluating possibly how your individual circumstances are connected to the larger community around you.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC IN: LEAVING THE CITY]\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>MARGOT:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When I think of home, I think about how every time I go to the Bay now, I take the Amtrak. When I get off the Amtrak, the bus transfer is right in front of the biggest Chase Bank building you’ve ever seen. When I sit across the street from that building, I wonder who is allowed in the highest levels of that building?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I know that my view of San Francisco is really different than theirs. And so in those moments, I’m really overcome with, like, bittersweet homesickness. That reminds me of when I was growing up there.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I feel like the Bay Area for me has always been an art gallery, where the paintings are placed really high so only the tallest people are ever able to see them. And then as I’ve gotten older, I’ve been able to identify that the place that I’ve always considered home has always seemed to reject me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>NATALIA: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Margot has been dedicating her energy on political education, by organizing teach-ins on Sacramento’s history of housing segregation, how housing policies work, and how to inspire greater local advocacy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thank you to everyone who shared their stories with me. That’s Cam Coulter, Ernesto Anguiano, Eva Hopkins, and Sean Ripley, Jenny Johnston, Alex Melendrez, and Margot Rinaldo.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[MUSIC OUT: LEAVING THE CITY]\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And to the many others who shared their housing experiences — thank you.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>[THEME MUSIC IN] \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For those of you who haven’t gotten in touch — and still want to — we’re here! Send us an email at \u003ca href=\"mailto:housing@kqed.org\">housing@kqed.org\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We always want to hear your experiences and your biggest, boldest and wildest idea for the future of housing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>ERIN: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That was Sold Out producer Natalia Aldana.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thank you to everyone who shared a tweet, Instagram post, or called and emailed us.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sold Out is a production of KQED. Natalia Aldana reported and produced this story. Editing by Kyana Moghadam and Jessica Placzek. Additional support came from Erika Kelly, Molly Solomon, and me, Erin Baldassari.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>MOLLY: \u003c/strong>Brendan Willard is our sound engineer. And Rob Speight wrote our theme song. Gerald Fermin is our engagement intern.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We couldn’t have made this season without Ethan Toven-Lindsey, Holly Kernan, Erika Aguilar and Vinnee Tong.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>ERIN: \u003c/strong>Thanks so much for listening. That’s a wrap!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "voracious-wildfires-rising-costs-school-closures-student-enrollment-plummets-in-rural-northern-california",
"title": "Voracious Wildfires, Rising Costs, School Closures: Student Enrollment Plummets in Rural Northern California",
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"headTitle": "Voracious Wildfires, Rising Costs, School Closures: Student Enrollment Plummets in Rural Northern California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Cheryl Kolb was growing up in Quincy, a picturesque Gold Rush town in the northern Sierra, kids would while away their days exploring the forests, swimming in the Feather River and getting milkshakes at the Polka Dot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, those trails and swimming holes are a lot quieter. Quincy High School, the largest high school in Plumas County, had only 301 students last year in grades 7-12 — fewer than half its enrollment when Kolb was a student there in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been pretty hard to see all these families leave, because I love it here,” said Kolb, who’s lived in Quincy most of her life and has raised her three children there. “I’d prefer to stay here forever, but I guess if there was another disaster, another big fire, I’d have to consider leaving, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' citation='Linda Irving, superintendent, Sebastopol Union School District']‘It’s a depressing situation. The smaller you get, the fewer options you have, so it’s exponential.’[/pullquote]Even as the overall population in California’s rural north has remained steady or even grown over the past two decades, the number of children enrolled in public schools such as those in Quincy has shrunk. From the Pacific Coast to the inland mountains and valleys, dozens of schools have seen steep drops in enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with voracious wildfires that strike almost annually, unsteady local economies and an ever-escalating cost of living, families are fleeing to other counties and other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charter schools have siphoned away thousands of students, and as the pandemic wears on, more families are opting to homeschool their children rather than submit them to mask and vaccine mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s left schools in towns like Quincy and Dunsmuir and Alturas with empty classrooms and difficult choices. Because school funding in California is based on attendance, rural schools receive less money every year that enrollment drops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That forces them to lay off staff — a painful process in towns where jobs are scarce and everyone knows one another — or cut popular amenities like after-school programs and science labs. Closing schools is rarely an option because the district may have only one school serving a massive geographic area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These factors all combine to strain rural districts even further, often resulting in cuts that make schools even less attractive to prospective families. But the situation is not new, said Tim Taylor, executive director of the Small School Districts’ Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Declining enrollment has been a challenge in rural areas for decades. Now that LA Unified has declining enrollment, everyone is saying, wow, this is really a problem,” Taylor said. “What we know is that it’s a heavy load, and the pressure falls on the superintendent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, enrollment had held steady over the past decade, until it plummeted during the pandemic, triggering the state Wednesday to form a task force to study its origins. But in many parts of rural Northern California, enrollment has been inching downward for two decades or more. Since 1999-20, schools in the rural north of the state have lost 5.02% of their enrollment. Some have lost far more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some rural districts in the region have seen enrollment drop by more than 60% over the past 20 years. Although they’re all facing the same challenges, each school has its own story and unique reasons for declining enrollment. Golden Feather Union Elementary School District in Butte County, where enrollment has dropped by 76% over the past 20 years, was ravaged by the Camp Fire in 2018, only to be threatened again by the Dixie Fire in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' citation='Ann Schulte, director of civic engagement, Cal State Chico']‘Plenty of people who grew up in small towns want to move back and settle there and raise kids. But there has to be more there than just their grandparents. There has to be a good cup of coffee and a place to hear music.’[/pullquote] Orick, in the redwoods of northern Humboldt County, has seen its population plummet as its six sawmills closed, one by one, leaving the K-8 Orick School with only 21 students last year. In the early 1990s, Orick School had almost 80 students. Schools in some counties, such as Trinity, Humboldt and Mendocino, have seen their attendance fluctuate based on the vagaries of the cannabis industry, which currently is flagging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sebastopol, in Sonoma County, has not been decimated by wildfires or unemployment. But, situated amid bucolic apple orchards and vineyards in the North Bay, it has been subject to a soaring cost of living. The average home price last month was $1.3 million, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-search/Sebastopol_CA/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Realtor.com\u003c/a>, and rents jumped by more than 50% last year. It’s not unusual for families to pay more than $3,000 a month to rent a small house — a major hurdle in an area that’s primarily agricultural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County also has a plethora of charter and private schools, and families can easily send their children to schools in districts other than the one in which they reside. The result is that the Sebastopol Union School District has to fight to attract and retain students, which is not always easy in an area that is rapidly changing. In 2000, the K-8 district had more than 1,200 students. Now it’s hovering at 400.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a depressing situation. The smaller you get, the fewer options you have, so it’s exponential,” said Superintendent Linda Irving. “I try to bring the board, unions and community together. That helps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sebastopol, shrinking enrollment means that Irving has to think of creative ways to attract new students. Using a small budget for marketing, she’s printed brochures for local real estate agents to give to new families, and upgraded the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sebastopolschools.org/\">district website\u003c/a>. She’s also used one-time money to fund ongoing services like science, technology, engineering and math programs — not an ideal choice but necessary to compete against better-funded schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rio Dell Elementary, a TK-8 district in Humboldt County, has been hit hard by COVID — and COVID regulations, said Superintendent Angela Johnson. The area has the highest COVID rate in the county, according to the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://humboldtgov.org/3246/COVID-19-Data-Dashboard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Humboldt County Department of Health and Human Services\u003c/a>, but school closures, mask mandates and vaccine requirements also have taken a toll, leading many frustrated families to pull their children from the local public school and homeschool them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often when the students return to school, they’re behind their classmates academically and need extra help catching up, placing a further burden on the 290-student, mostly lower-income district, Johnson said. She dreads any further COVID requirements from Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re closely watching to see what the Legislature does with vaccine mandates. It’s going to be crucial in rural communities like ours,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enrollment at Happy Valley Union Elementary, near Redding, hasn’t slipped nearly as much as other rural schools. The K-8 district in the upper Sacramento Valley had only 34% fewer students last year than it did 20 years ago, compared with the estimated 50% drop many districts have suffered. But attendance has been a challenge. Early in the school year, roughly 13% of students were absent daily, largely due to COVID restrictions that led families to keep their children at home, said Superintendent Shelly Craig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Craig is grateful for the supportive community in Happy Valley, an unincorporated area in Shasta County surrounded by farms and ranches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our schools are at the center of our close-knit community. Several students are second- and third-generation students. Until last year, when several teachers and staff members retired, the majority of our teachers had served in the community for decades,” Craig said. “Our students and staff are part of a school family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That strong sense of community is one asset that small towns can offer prospective families and young people looking to settle down, said Ann Schulte, head of civic engagement at California State University, Chico and an education professor who works closely with rural districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if those towns want families and young people to stay, they need to listen more closely to what young people want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plenty of people who grew up in small towns want to move back and settle there and raise kids,” she said. “But there has to be more there than just their grandparents. There has to be a good cup of coffee and a place to hear music. There has to be some culture and economic opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to declining enrollment and other issues facing rural youth, school leaders in Shasta, Tehama, Siskiyou, Modoc and Trinity counties, with help from the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.mcconnellfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">McConnell Foundation\u003c/a>, launched an organization called North State Together, which convenes schools, local businesses, families, tribal groups and others to strengthen local schools and improve outcomes for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schulte is optimistic that these towns will revitalize and more families will decide to stay and raise their children there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are suddenly paying attention to what’s happening in rural areas, and they’re realizing these are beautiful, undervalued places that have a lot to offer,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Plumas County, longtime Quincy resident Kolb is hopeful that her community will be spared another disaster like the Dixie Fire, which roared perilously close to Quincy last summer, and that life will return to normal post-pandemic. Ultimately, she said, Quincy and towns like it are wonderful places to grow up, settle down and raise kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I loved growing up here. It was safe, it was fun. Our parents never knew where we were, and that was OK,” said Kolb, who works at the Quincy Chamber of Commerce. “It was an awesome place to be. It still is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Voracious Wildfires, Rising Costs, School Closures: Student Enrollment Plummets in Rural Northern California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Cheryl Kolb was growing up in Quincy, a picturesque Gold Rush town in the northern Sierra, kids would while away their days exploring the forests, swimming in the Feather River and getting milkshakes at the Polka Dot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, those trails and swimming holes are a lot quieter. Quincy High School, the largest high school in Plumas County, had only 301 students last year in grades 7-12 — fewer than half its enrollment when Kolb was a student there in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been pretty hard to see all these families leave, because I love it here,” said Kolb, who’s lived in Quincy most of her life and has raised her three children there. “I’d prefer to stay here forever, but I guess if there was another disaster, another big fire, I’d have to consider leaving, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Even as the overall population in California’s rural north has remained steady or even grown over the past two decades, the number of children enrolled in public schools such as those in Quincy has shrunk. From the Pacific Coast to the inland mountains and valleys, dozens of schools have seen steep drops in enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with voracious wildfires that strike almost annually, unsteady local economies and an ever-escalating cost of living, families are fleeing to other counties and other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charter schools have siphoned away thousands of students, and as the pandemic wears on, more families are opting to homeschool their children rather than submit them to mask and vaccine mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s left schools in towns like Quincy and Dunsmuir and Alturas with empty classrooms and difficult choices. Because school funding in California is based on attendance, rural schools receive less money every year that enrollment drops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That forces them to lay off staff — a painful process in towns where jobs are scarce and everyone knows one another — or cut popular amenities like after-school programs and science labs. Closing schools is rarely an option because the district may have only one school serving a massive geographic area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These factors all combine to strain rural districts even further, often resulting in cuts that make schools even less attractive to prospective families. But the situation is not new, said Tim Taylor, executive director of the Small School Districts’ Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Declining enrollment has been a challenge in rural areas for decades. Now that LA Unified has declining enrollment, everyone is saying, wow, this is really a problem,” Taylor said. “What we know is that it’s a heavy load, and the pressure falls on the superintendent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, enrollment had held steady over the past decade, until it plummeted during the pandemic, triggering the state Wednesday to form a task force to study its origins. But in many parts of rural Northern California, enrollment has been inching downward for two decades or more. Since 1999-20, schools in the rural north of the state have lost 5.02% of their enrollment. Some have lost far more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some rural districts in the region have seen enrollment drop by more than 60% over the past 20 years. Although they’re all facing the same challenges, each school has its own story and unique reasons for declining enrollment. Golden Feather Union Elementary School District in Butte County, where enrollment has dropped by 76% over the past 20 years, was ravaged by the Camp Fire in 2018, only to be threatened again by the Dixie Fire in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Orick, in the redwoods of northern Humboldt County, has seen its population plummet as its six sawmills closed, one by one, leaving the K-8 Orick School with only 21 students last year. In the early 1990s, Orick School had almost 80 students. Schools in some counties, such as Trinity, Humboldt and Mendocino, have seen their attendance fluctuate based on the vagaries of the cannabis industry, which currently is flagging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sebastopol, in Sonoma County, has not been decimated by wildfires or unemployment. But, situated amid bucolic apple orchards and vineyards in the North Bay, it has been subject to a soaring cost of living. The average home price last month was $1.3 million, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.realtor.com/realestateandhomes-search/Sebastopol_CA/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Realtor.com\u003c/a>, and rents jumped by more than 50% last year. It’s not unusual for families to pay more than $3,000 a month to rent a small house — a major hurdle in an area that’s primarily agricultural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County also has a plethora of charter and private schools, and families can easily send their children to schools in districts other than the one in which they reside. The result is that the Sebastopol Union School District has to fight to attract and retain students, which is not always easy in an area that is rapidly changing. In 2000, the K-8 district had more than 1,200 students. Now it’s hovering at 400.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a depressing situation. The smaller you get, the fewer options you have, so it’s exponential,” said Superintendent Linda Irving. “I try to bring the board, unions and community together. That helps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sebastopol, shrinking enrollment means that Irving has to think of creative ways to attract new students. Using a small budget for marketing, she’s printed brochures for local real estate agents to give to new families, and upgraded the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sebastopolschools.org/\">district website\u003c/a>. She’s also used one-time money to fund ongoing services like science, technology, engineering and math programs — not an ideal choice but necessary to compete against better-funded schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rio Dell Elementary, a TK-8 district in Humboldt County, has been hit hard by COVID — and COVID regulations, said Superintendent Angela Johnson. The area has the highest COVID rate in the county, according to the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://humboldtgov.org/3246/COVID-19-Data-Dashboard\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Humboldt County Department of Health and Human Services\u003c/a>, but school closures, mask mandates and vaccine requirements also have taken a toll, leading many frustrated families to pull their children from the local public school and homeschool them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often when the students return to school, they’re behind their classmates academically and need extra help catching up, placing a further burden on the 290-student, mostly lower-income district, Johnson said. She dreads any further COVID requirements from Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re closely watching to see what the Legislature does with vaccine mandates. It’s going to be crucial in rural communities like ours,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enrollment at Happy Valley Union Elementary, near Redding, hasn’t slipped nearly as much as other rural schools. The K-8 district in the upper Sacramento Valley had only 34% fewer students last year than it did 20 years ago, compared with the estimated 50% drop many districts have suffered. But attendance has been a challenge. Early in the school year, roughly 13% of students were absent daily, largely due to COVID restrictions that led families to keep their children at home, said Superintendent Shelly Craig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Craig is grateful for the supportive community in Happy Valley, an unincorporated area in Shasta County surrounded by farms and ranches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our schools are at the center of our close-knit community. Several students are second- and third-generation students. Until last year, when several teachers and staff members retired, the majority of our teachers had served in the community for decades,” Craig said. “Our students and staff are part of a school family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That strong sense of community is one asset that small towns can offer prospective families and young people looking to settle down, said Ann Schulte, head of civic engagement at California State University, Chico and an education professor who works closely with rural districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if those towns want families and young people to stay, they need to listen more closely to what young people want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plenty of people who grew up in small towns want to move back and settle there and raise kids,” she said. “But there has to be more there than just their grandparents. There has to be a good cup of coffee and a place to hear music. There has to be some culture and economic opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to declining enrollment and other issues facing rural youth, school leaders in Shasta, Tehama, Siskiyou, Modoc and Trinity counties, with help from the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.mcconnellfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">McConnell Foundation\u003c/a>, launched an organization called North State Together, which convenes schools, local businesses, families, tribal groups and others to strengthen local schools and improve outcomes for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schulte is optimistic that these towns will revitalize and more families will decide to stay and raise their children there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are suddenly paying attention to what’s happening in rural areas, and they’re realizing these are beautiful, undervalued places that have a lot to offer,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Plumas County, longtime Quincy resident Kolb is hopeful that her community will be spared another disaster like the Dixie Fire, which roared perilously close to Quincy last summer, and that life will return to normal post-pandemic. Ultimately, she said, Quincy and towns like it are wonderful places to grow up, settle down and raise kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I loved growing up here. It was safe, it was fun. Our parents never knew where we were, and that was OK,” said Kolb, who works at the Quincy Chamber of Commerce. “It was an awesome place to be. It still is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "'They See Us As Expendable': Oakland Families of Children With Disabilities Call School Closure Plan Discriminatory",
"title": "'They See Us As Expendable': Oakland Families of Children With Disabilities Call School Closure Plan Discriminatory",
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"content": "\u003cp>Eight-year-old Max Pezold has bounced around Oakland public schools since preschool, a fairly typical path in this district for students with special education needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diagnosed with autism and profound learning delays when he was 2 years old, Max began his formal education at a preschool program for children with autism at Montclair Elementary School. He then was mistakenly placed in a special kindergarten language program at Edison Elementary — which didn’t work out, because he is nonverbal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short, challenging stint in what his parents described as a disastrously run classroom at Piedmont Elementary, Max finally landed at Carl B. Munck Elementary, a small school in the Oakland hills near Merritt College with a culture of inclusiveness, where nearly 18% of the students have disabilities. The school has been so welcoming that Max’s dad says he gets emotional describing it.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Carl Pezold, parent\"]'It seems like the deck is stacked against you. You have a hard enough time trying to raise a kid with disabilities and then they throw this at you.'[/pullquote]“You know, my son, he's a lovely boy, but he doesn't talk, he doesn't look at people in the eye,” Carl Pezold said. “But the other … kids, they greet him, they know his name. They say, ‘Hi, Max!,’ you know, [even though] he’ll just kind of barrel past them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in some other schools, where students with disabilities can be isolated from the rest of the school in portable classrooms, Max and his classmates are in centrally located rooms. They share hallways and other facilities with general education students, and join conventional classes twice a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When children in general education classes empathize with and accept kids like Max, it can be a profound experience for everyone involved, but one that’s all too rare in Oakland Unified, Pezold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, in the special education community or in the disabled community, what we want is to be seen. That's what they can do in this small school environment,” Pezold said of Munck, where half the students are Black and the vast majority come from other parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s why Pezold and other parents here were stunned to learn in February that the district was planning to shut down the school at the end of the 2022-23 academic year. That means families must enroll in a new school for the following year by this coming fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911750\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911750\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max.jpg\" alt=\"A young boy wearing a swim shirt and swim suit sits in folding chair on a beach.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1632\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max-800x680.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max-1020x867.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max-160x136.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max-1536x1306.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Max Pezold, 8, who has autism, attended several OUSD elementary schools before coming to Carl B. Munck Elementary, where his family says he is thriving. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Carl Pezold)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Munck is one of the five small schools slated for closure next year, part of the district’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11904618/oakland-moves-to-close-seven-schools-despite-fierce-community-opposition\">larger school-consolidation plan\u003c/a> to address declining enrollments and ongoing budget concerns. The schools on the chopping block, which include Grass Valley and Brookfield Elementary, collectively serve 224 students with special education requirements — like Max — about half of whom have moderate to severe disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the families affected say the district is targeting its most vulnerable students, noting that the closures will disproportionately affect students of color with disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the district maintains it is currently “overinvesting” in small, under-enrolled schools like Munck, which has just 227 students. The district says it wants to create cost-saving efficiencies by consolidating many of its schools that have fewer than 400 students and reinvesting in neighborhood schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because less than 6% of Munck’s families come from the immediate area — with most, like Max’s family, driving from elsewhere in the city — it is not considered a neighborhood school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Munck closes, Max’s world will get turned upside down — again\u003cem>, \u003c/em>Pezold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strides that he's making are going to be reversed, whether it be on toileting, whether it be on his language or some of his behavior. It's a shame, when he's doing so well,” he said. “It seems like the deck is stacked against you. You have a hard enough time trying to raise a kid with disabilities and then they throw this at you. You feel [the district] sees you as expendable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The special day classes for students like Max usually have no more than 10 children, less than half the size of a conventional elementary school classroom in the district, and require extra support staff — all of which can greatly increase a school’s operational costs. Students with significant support needs also tend to be absent more often, which lowers the per-pupil funding a school receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A small group of children sitting in a classroom, looking at a screen with an animated video on it.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-800x499.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-1020x637.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-1536x959.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-2048x1278.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-1920x1199.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jolanda Murphy says her daughter, Dalaine, pictured here in a pink shirt on April 7, 2022, has been thriving in a small special day class at Carl B. Munck Elementary in Oakland for children with moderate to severe education needs. \u003ccite>(Julia McEvoy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite those factors, Munck’s principal, Denise Burroughs, has made it a policy to welcome these students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once they come across the threshold, they know we're going to take care of them and we're going to interact with them, speak to them,” said Burroughs, who has led the school for nearly 20 years. “My moderate-to-severe children, many of them are nonverbal, but I'm seeing some of them react because we react with them.”[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"ousd\"]Jennifer Blake, OUSD’s executive director of special education, agrees that Munck is a good example of how schools can better integrate students with disabilities into the general school culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the district says it simply doesn’t have the dollars to sustain Munck’s small-school model, and has cited “over-investment” in its small schools as part of its justification for shuttering many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we're talking about my dream-world scenario, we would have adequate base funding and adequate special-education funding at both the federal and state level to be able to ensure that we are able to build and foster schools that are small and highly specialized by design,” Blake said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She acknowledges the optics of the current closure plans and the pain it’s inflicting on families, but says the closures will ultimately strengthen programs in larger, neighborhood schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know there was no intention to be able to target students with disabilities exclusively,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake says she wants to create more inclusive programs like the one at Munck, with TK-5 programs available at more schools throughout the district, so kids like Max don't have to bounce around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jolanda Murphy, whose 9-year-old daughter, Dalaine, also attends Munck, says the district’s decision to close this school seems outwardly discriminatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You're basically telling parents that do have kids with special needs that we don't care. We’d rather put the focus and the time and energy into something else,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dalaine, who is in a special day class at the school, has cerebral palsy, and is prone to seizures. When she was diagnosed as an infant, hospital staff said she would never walk or talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911747\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911747\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged woman with glasses.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1364\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs-800x568.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs-1536x1091.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carl B. Munck Principal Denise Burroughs, in her office on April 7, 2022. She says her small school is under-enrolled in part because some white families in the Oakland hills are reluctant to send their children to a majority Black school. \u003ccite>(Julia McEvoy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“But I told them that I serve a God who is going to do bigger and better things for her,” Murphy said. By 16 months Dalaine was crawling, and by age 4 she walked into preschool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And her teacher cried, because she knew how much I wanted Dalaine to walk,\" Murphy recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Max, Dalaine is nonverbal but very expressive. Murphy says she has seen her make real progress at Munck, where she uses touch screens and flash cards to learn to count and identify letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her effort to stop the closure of her daughter’s school, Murphy recently joined the district’s Community Advisory Committee for Special Education, which sent letters to the school board, the county, the state superintendent and the governor accusing OUSD of negligent treatment of disabled students — particularly Black students, who make up 27% of students with disabilities in the district.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jolanda Murphy, parent\"]'You're basically telling parents that do have kids with special needs that we don't care. We’d rather put the focus and the time and energy into something else.'[/pullquote]The ACLU also has asked California’s attorney general to investigate whether the district took racial equity into account in its closure plans, as it is required to do under the district's Reparations for Black Students resolution that the school board passed last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified, by its own admission, has a history of chronically underfunding historically Black schools, says Linnea Nelson, a senior staff attorney in the ACLU of Northern California’s Racial and Economic Justice Program. “It now has created the very conditions that it is now citing to justify disrupting tight-knit school communities and displacing literally hundreds of Black students,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, the district has said it remains focused on improving outcomes for underserved populations, particularly Black students, and that its closure plans are part of a broader strategy to redirect resources toward larger neighborhood schools that serve a greater number of kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Murphy believes the district is specifically targeting Munck, in part, because it wants to repurpose the property the school sits on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is prime real estate,” Murphy pointed out. “If they close the school completely, they're going to tear it down and build houses. Period. Point blank.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law makes it hard for districts to sell off school properties, but those plots can more easily be declared surplus and leased out to private schools and charter schools, or used for teacher housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carl B. Munck has a beautiful view of Oakland,” she said. “If you go up there, you can sit up there and just lose yourself because of the view of our beautiful city. You can see San Francisco, San Mateo just from their view of the school. It's such a beautiful campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Munck’s serene location, largely devoid of sirens or traffic sounds, is particularly ideal for students with special education needs, Murphy notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911749\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911749\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley.jpg\" alt=\"A mother puts her hands on the hips of her daughter, who stands in front of her.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jolanda Murphy with her daughter, Dalaine, 9, who has cerebral palsy, at their home in Oakland on April 7, 2022, during a 'sensory day,' when Dalaine is allowed to rip up paper, put things on the ground and be more 'loose' and less regulated, to calm her down after a stressful experience. Murphy says Carl B. Munck Elementary, which Dalaine currently attends, is the best place for her. Murphy is fighting the school's closure. \u003ccite>(Julia McEvoy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the predominantly white Oakland hills also is an area where discriminatory housing policies have, for nearly a century, largely denied Black families the opportunity to buy homes and attend schools here. And both Murphy and Burroughs, Munck’s principal, believe that racism remains a factor in the district’s decision-making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, over the years, I’ve actually had people say things like, ‘Well, I like the school, but I just feel like my child would be in a minority here,’ because there were so many children of African descent and color here. I’ve actually had people say that, judge the school that way,” said Burroughs, who is Black and has lived much of her life in Oakland. “It feels like you want to erase these kids from being here. That’s what it feels like to me. Because truly, if it’s just about under-enrollment, the goal would have been, ‘Let’s figure out how to increase enrollment,’ right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Murphy, she says she and other parents are not giving up in their fight to keep the school open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just feel that for my daughter, she needs to have the best,” she said. “And right now, the best is Carl Munck.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Carl B. Munck Elementary School in the Oakland hills is among the five small OUSD schools slated for closure next year. Those schools collectively serve 224 students with special education requirements.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eight-year-old Max Pezold has bounced around Oakland public schools since preschool, a fairly typical path in this district for students with special education needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diagnosed with autism and profound learning delays when he was 2 years old, Max began his formal education at a preschool program for children with autism at Montclair Elementary School. He then was mistakenly placed in a special kindergarten language program at Edison Elementary — which didn’t work out, because he is nonverbal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short, challenging stint in what his parents described as a disastrously run classroom at Piedmont Elementary, Max finally landed at Carl B. Munck Elementary, a small school in the Oakland hills near Merritt College with a culture of inclusiveness, where nearly 18% of the students have disabilities. The school has been so welcoming that Max’s dad says he gets emotional describing it.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“You know, my son, he's a lovely boy, but he doesn't talk, he doesn't look at people in the eye,” Carl Pezold said. “But the other … kids, they greet him, they know his name. They say, ‘Hi, Max!,’ you know, [even though] he’ll just kind of barrel past them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in some other schools, where students with disabilities can be isolated from the rest of the school in portable classrooms, Max and his classmates are in centrally located rooms. They share hallways and other facilities with general education students, and join conventional classes twice a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When children in general education classes empathize with and accept kids like Max, it can be a profound experience for everyone involved, but one that’s all too rare in Oakland Unified, Pezold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, in the special education community or in the disabled community, what we want is to be seen. That's what they can do in this small school environment,” Pezold said of Munck, where half the students are Black and the vast majority come from other parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s why Pezold and other parents here were stunned to learn in February that the district was planning to shut down the school at the end of the 2022-23 academic year. That means families must enroll in a new school for the following year by this coming fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911750\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911750\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max.jpg\" alt=\"A young boy wearing a swim shirt and swim suit sits in folding chair on a beach.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1632\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max-800x680.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max-1020x867.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max-160x136.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Max-1536x1306.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Max Pezold, 8, who has autism, attended several OUSD elementary schools before coming to Carl B. Munck Elementary, where his family says he is thriving. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Carl Pezold)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Munck is one of the five small schools slated for closure next year, part of the district’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11904618/oakland-moves-to-close-seven-schools-despite-fierce-community-opposition\">larger school-consolidation plan\u003c/a> to address declining enrollments and ongoing budget concerns. The schools on the chopping block, which include Grass Valley and Brookfield Elementary, collectively serve 224 students with special education requirements — like Max — about half of whom have moderate to severe disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the families affected say the district is targeting its most vulnerable students, noting that the closures will disproportionately affect students of color with disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the district maintains it is currently “overinvesting” in small, under-enrolled schools like Munck, which has just 227 students. The district says it wants to create cost-saving efficiencies by consolidating many of its schools that have fewer than 400 students and reinvesting in neighborhood schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because less than 6% of Munck’s families come from the immediate area — with most, like Max’s family, driving from elsewhere in the city — it is not considered a neighborhood school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when Munck closes, Max’s world will get turned upside down — again\u003cem>, \u003c/em>Pezold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strides that he's making are going to be reversed, whether it be on toileting, whether it be on his language or some of his behavior. It's a shame, when he's doing so well,” he said. “It seems like the deck is stacked against you. You have a hard enough time trying to raise a kid with disabilities and then they throw this at you. You feel [the district] sees you as expendable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The special day classes for students like Max usually have no more than 10 children, less than half the size of a conventional elementary school classroom in the district, and require extra support staff — all of which can greatly increase a school’s operational costs. Students with significant support needs also tend to be absent more often, which lowers the per-pupil funding a school receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A small group of children sitting in a classroom, looking at a screen with an animated video on it.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-800x499.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-1020x637.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-1536x959.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-2048x1278.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7478-1920x1199.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jolanda Murphy says her daughter, Dalaine, pictured here in a pink shirt on April 7, 2022, has been thriving in a small special day class at Carl B. Munck Elementary in Oakland for children with moderate to severe education needs. \u003ccite>(Julia McEvoy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite those factors, Munck’s principal, Denise Burroughs, has made it a policy to welcome these students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once they come across the threshold, they know we're going to take care of them and we're going to interact with them, speak to them,” said Burroughs, who has led the school for nearly 20 years. “My moderate-to-severe children, many of them are nonverbal, but I'm seeing some of them react because we react with them.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Jennifer Blake, OUSD’s executive director of special education, agrees that Munck is a good example of how schools can better integrate students with disabilities into the general school culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the district says it simply doesn’t have the dollars to sustain Munck’s small-school model, and has cited “over-investment” in its small schools as part of its justification for shuttering many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we're talking about my dream-world scenario, we would have adequate base funding and adequate special-education funding at both the federal and state level to be able to ensure that we are able to build and foster schools that are small and highly specialized by design,” Blake said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She acknowledges the optics of the current closure plans and the pain it’s inflicting on families, but says the closures will ultimately strengthen programs in larger, neighborhood schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know there was no intention to be able to target students with disabilities exclusively,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake says she wants to create more inclusive programs like the one at Munck, with TK-5 programs available at more schools throughout the district, so kids like Max don't have to bounce around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jolanda Murphy, whose 9-year-old daughter, Dalaine, also attends Munck, says the district’s decision to close this school seems outwardly discriminatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You're basically telling parents that do have kids with special needs that we don't care. We’d rather put the focus and the time and energy into something else,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dalaine, who is in a special day class at the school, has cerebral palsy, and is prone to seizures. When she was diagnosed as an infant, hospital staff said she would never walk or talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911747\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911747\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs.jpg\" alt=\"A middle-aged woman with glasses.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1364\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs-800x568.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Denise-Burroughs-1536x1091.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carl B. Munck Principal Denise Burroughs, in her office on April 7, 2022. She says her small school is under-enrolled in part because some white families in the Oakland hills are reluctant to send their children to a majority Black school. \u003ccite>(Julia McEvoy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“But I told them that I serve a God who is going to do bigger and better things for her,” Murphy said. By 16 months Dalaine was crawling, and by age 4 she walked into preschool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And her teacher cried, because she knew how much I wanted Dalaine to walk,\" Murphy recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Max, Dalaine is nonverbal but very expressive. Murphy says she has seen her make real progress at Munck, where she uses touch screens and flash cards to learn to count and identify letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her effort to stop the closure of her daughter’s school, Murphy recently joined the district’s Community Advisory Committee for Special Education, which sent letters to the school board, the county, the state superintendent and the governor accusing OUSD of negligent treatment of disabled students — particularly Black students, who make up 27% of students with disabilities in the district.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The ACLU also has asked California’s attorney general to investigate whether the district took racial equity into account in its closure plans, as it is required to do under the district's Reparations for Black Students resolution that the school board passed last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified, by its own admission, has a history of chronically underfunding historically Black schools, says Linnea Nelson, a senior staff attorney in the ACLU of Northern California’s Racial and Economic Justice Program. “It now has created the very conditions that it is now citing to justify disrupting tight-knit school communities and displacing literally hundreds of Black students,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, the district has said it remains focused on improving outcomes for underserved populations, particularly Black students, and that its closure plans are part of a broader strategy to redirect resources toward larger neighborhood schools that serve a greater number of kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Murphy believes the district is specifically targeting Munck, in part, because it wants to repurpose the property the school sits on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is prime real estate,” Murphy pointed out. “If they close the school completely, they're going to tear it down and build houses. Period. Point blank.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law makes it hard for districts to sell off school properties, but those plots can more easily be declared surplus and leased out to private schools and charter schools, or used for teacher housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carl B. Munck has a beautiful view of Oakland,” she said. “If you go up there, you can sit up there and just lose yourself because of the view of our beautiful city. You can see San Francisco, San Mateo just from their view of the school. It's such a beautiful campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Munck’s serene location, largely devoid of sirens or traffic sounds, is particularly ideal for students with special education needs, Murphy notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911749\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911749\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley.jpg\" alt=\"A mother puts her hands on the hips of her daughter, who stands in front of her.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/Jolanda-Murphy-and-Dalaine-Whaley-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jolanda Murphy with her daughter, Dalaine, 9, who has cerebral palsy, at their home in Oakland on April 7, 2022, during a 'sensory day,' when Dalaine is allowed to rip up paper, put things on the ground and be more 'loose' and less regulated, to calm her down after a stressful experience. Murphy says Carl B. Munck Elementary, which Dalaine currently attends, is the best place for her. Murphy is fighting the school's closure. \u003ccite>(Julia McEvoy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the predominantly white Oakland hills also is an area where discriminatory housing policies have, for nearly a century, largely denied Black families the opportunity to buy homes and attend schools here. And both Murphy and Burroughs, Munck’s principal, believe that racism remains a factor in the district’s decision-making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, over the years, I’ve actually had people say things like, ‘Well, I like the school, but I just feel like my child would be in a minority here,’ because there were so many children of African descent and color here. I’ve actually had people say that, judge the school that way,” said Burroughs, who is Black and has lived much of her life in Oakland. “It feels like you want to erase these kids from being here. That’s what it feels like to me. Because truly, if it’s just about under-enrollment, the goal would have been, ‘Let’s figure out how to increase enrollment,’ right?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Murphy, she says she and other parents are not giving up in their fight to keep the school open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just feel that for my daughter, she needs to have the best,” she said. “And right now, the best is Carl Munck.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After years of prioritizing English-only classes for students who spoke other languages at home, California now is pushing to expand bilingual programs for all students. But the state has a huge hurdle: It needs more bilingual teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part, the low number of bilingual teachers is a legacy of Proposition 227, which voters passed in 1998 and then \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2017/a-new-era-for-bilingual-education-explaining-californias-proposition-58/574852\">repealed in 2016\u003c/a>. Proposition 227 required English learners to be taught in English-only classrooms unless their parents signed a waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as Prop. 227 passed, a lot of higher education programs stopped offering bilingual credentials, especially in public institutions,” said Magaly Lavadenz, professor of English learner research, and executive director of the Center for Equity for English Learners at Loyola Marymount University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, only 42 of 80 teacher preparation programs in the state offer bilingual authorizations — a specialization in addition to the general teaching credential. The number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctc.ca.gov/commission/reports/data/other-teacher-supply-bilingual-authorizations\">teachers receiving bilingual authorizations\u003c/a> in California has grown each year since 2016, but districts still struggle to find bilingual teachers, and demand is growing as more schools plan to open more bilingual programs.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Guillermo Castillo, director, Future Educator Support\"]‘We are looking for teachers in the wrong places. We’re not going to find the number of teachers that we need at universities. We need to find these folks in our communities.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1701\">Assembly Bill 1701\u003c/a>, would fund a program for California State University campuses to recruit and retain college professors for bilingual authorization programs. The CSU system issues about 45% of teaching credentials. About 49% of credentials are issued by private colleges. The University of California system provides 6%. Another bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2465\">Assembly Bill 2465\u003c/a>, would pay for preparing and credentialing 500 new bilingual teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts say the state needs not only to expand the number of programs that offer bilingual teaching authorizations, but also to encourage current teachers who teach only in English to be trained in bilingual education and to recruit new potential teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking for teachers in the wrong places. We’re not going to find the number of teachers that we need at universities. We need to find these folks in our communities,” said Guillermo Castillo, director of Future Educator Support, a program of the Butte County Office of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future Educator Support helps people who already work in education, like bus drivers, cafeteria workers and teacher’s aides, to get their teaching credential and, for those who are bilingual, their bilingual authorization, with funding from the California Classified School Employee Teacher Credentialing Program.[aside postID=\"news_11907019\" label=\"Related Post\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed’d Luna Bhagwandeen was working as a school library media specialist and thought their dream of becoming a teacher was far out of reach, when they heard of the program. After college, Bhagwandeen felt discouraged by the credentialing process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I tried to do it on my own, there were all these different tests, and hours that you had to meet. I was like, ‘How do people do this when they’re working to survive?’ It became further and further away from being feasible,” Bhagwandeen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of Future Educator Support, Bhagwandeen was able to take the classes and tests needed to get a teaching credential with a bilingual authorization from San Diego State University and is now working as a teacher on special assignment at Centralia Elementary School District, teaching children Spanish and helping organize a dual-language program that will open next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhagwandeen says the impact of bilingual education is clear: Parents say their children now attempt to speak to their grandparents when they hadn’t before. Students say, “This class has helped me. I know I’m bilingual now.” To Bhagwandeen, who has family roots in Mexico and whose grandfather was prohibited from speaking Spanish at school when growing up, this is particularly significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time when we’re so isolated during COVID, them finding an appreciation of themselves and feeling good about themselves is super important,” Bhagwandeen said. “I know that I’m doing the kind of work I want to be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offering personalized support for getting through all the requirements for a bilingual authorization is crucial, said Future Educator Support administrator Holly Harding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing they report so often is that our program feels like familia. They can reach out to us at any time of day. We meet on weekends, we meet at night, we meet early in the morning. We individualize our support to them, and they love that,” Harding said. “They feel they can be vulnerable with us. Many are English learners themselves. We help them to overcome language barriers, financial barriers, just self-doubt, no matter what it is that they are feeling is a barrier to getting their credential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many potential bilingual teachers have not even considered the possibility, said Guadalupe Díaz Lara, who teaches child and adolescent studies at CSU Fullerton. She said many of her students want to be teachers, and the vast majority are bilingual in Spanish and English, but they are not aware of the possibility of getting a bilingual credential or working in bilingual education. Díaz Lara believes that is partly because they attended English-only programs themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They acknowledge the impact of having those experiences in school where their home language wasn’t valued,” Díaz Lara said. “They are definitely passionate about working with minority families. A lot of them want to go back to their communities and give back to their communities, but they don’t know that bilingual education is an option for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the case for Alejandra Silva, another graduate of the Future Educator Support program, who received her credential from San Diego State and now teaches in a dual-language program at Escondido Union School District. She was finishing her bachelor’s degree and working as a school speech therapist aide when she found out about the classified employee grant program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to be a teacher, but I hadn’t really considered being a bilingual teacher. I know Spanish, but I didn’t really consider it as an asset or a tool. I just knew that bilingual education had kind of fallen off but didn’t really look into why or realize that it was coming back,” Silva said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lavadenz, of Loyola Marymount University, said schools should begin encouraging students to become bilingual teachers, beginning before they graduate from high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make teaching overall a desirable, important and valuable career. We need to do more promotion of that in K-12 and in the public sector,” Lavadenz said. “We need a tune-up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, many teachers who currently teach in English are in fact bilingual and could receive a bilingual authorization with the right support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/ps/btpdpgrants.asp\">Bilingual Teacher Professional Development Program\u003c/a>, which began in 2018 and \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/why-training-california-bilingual-teachers-just-got-harder/656558\">ended in 2021,\u003c/a> helped prepare about 350 teachers for bilingual credentials, according to the California Department of Education. Since the program ended, some school districts, particularly smaller ones, have been struggling to prepare more teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re still being asked by our districts, especially those that are building up their bilingual programs, ‘Can you help us?’” said Martha Martinez, director of research and evaluation at SEAL, a nonprofit organization that provides training and assistance to elementary schools and preschools across the state to help them implement strong bilingual programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some school districts have partnered with colleges themselves to set up residency programs where students work in classrooms as student teachers for a full year, while they get their credential. One such district is Oak Grove School District in San José, which has partnered with San José State University. Both student-teachers and the teachers working with them take classes with SEAL on best practices for bilingual education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mentor teachers are expressing they’re learning so much going through the courses themselves. The student-teachers are expressing they’re so prepared to step into the classroom,” said Jennifer Diehl, director of innovation and strategic design at SEAL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After years of prioritizing English-only classes for students who spoke other languages at home, California now is pushing to expand bilingual programs for all students. But the state has a huge hurdle: It needs more bilingual teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part, the low number of bilingual teachers is a legacy of Proposition 227, which voters passed in 1998 and then \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2017/a-new-era-for-bilingual-education-explaining-californias-proposition-58/574852\">repealed in 2016\u003c/a>. Proposition 227 required English learners to be taught in English-only classrooms unless their parents signed a waiver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as Prop. 227 passed, a lot of higher education programs stopped offering bilingual credentials, especially in public institutions,” said Magaly Lavadenz, professor of English learner research, and executive director of the Center for Equity for English Learners at Loyola Marymount University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, only 42 of 80 teacher preparation programs in the state offer bilingual authorizations — a specialization in addition to the general teaching credential. The number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctc.ca.gov/commission/reports/data/other-teacher-supply-bilingual-authorizations\">teachers receiving bilingual authorizations\u003c/a> in California has grown each year since 2016, but districts still struggle to find bilingual teachers, and demand is growing as more schools plan to open more bilingual programs.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1701\">Assembly Bill 1701\u003c/a>, would fund a program for California State University campuses to recruit and retain college professors for bilingual authorization programs. The CSU system issues about 45% of teaching credentials. About 49% of credentials are issued by private colleges. The University of California system provides 6%. Another bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB2465\">Assembly Bill 2465\u003c/a>, would pay for preparing and credentialing 500 new bilingual teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts say the state needs not only to expand the number of programs that offer bilingual teaching authorizations, but also to encourage current teachers who teach only in English to be trained in bilingual education and to recruit new potential teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking for teachers in the wrong places. We’re not going to find the number of teachers that we need at universities. We need to find these folks in our communities,” said Guillermo Castillo, director of Future Educator Support, a program of the Butte County Office of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future Educator Support helps people who already work in education, like bus drivers, cafeteria workers and teacher’s aides, to get their teaching credential and, for those who are bilingual, their bilingual authorization, with funding from the California Classified School Employee Teacher Credentialing Program.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed’d Luna Bhagwandeen was working as a school library media specialist and thought their dream of becoming a teacher was far out of reach, when they heard of the program. After college, Bhagwandeen felt discouraged by the credentialing process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I tried to do it on my own, there were all these different tests, and hours that you had to meet. I was like, ‘How do people do this when they’re working to survive?’ It became further and further away from being feasible,” Bhagwandeen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of Future Educator Support, Bhagwandeen was able to take the classes and tests needed to get a teaching credential with a bilingual authorization from San Diego State University and is now working as a teacher on special assignment at Centralia Elementary School District, teaching children Spanish and helping organize a dual-language program that will open next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhagwandeen says the impact of bilingual education is clear: Parents say their children now attempt to speak to their grandparents when they hadn’t before. Students say, “This class has helped me. I know I’m bilingual now.” To Bhagwandeen, who has family roots in Mexico and whose grandfather was prohibited from speaking Spanish at school when growing up, this is particularly significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time when we’re so isolated during COVID, them finding an appreciation of themselves and feeling good about themselves is super important,” Bhagwandeen said. “I know that I’m doing the kind of work I want to be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offering personalized support for getting through all the requirements for a bilingual authorization is crucial, said Future Educator Support administrator Holly Harding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing they report so often is that our program feels like familia. They can reach out to us at any time of day. We meet on weekends, we meet at night, we meet early in the morning. We individualize our support to them, and they love that,” Harding said. “They feel they can be vulnerable with us. Many are English learners themselves. We help them to overcome language barriers, financial barriers, just self-doubt, no matter what it is that they are feeling is a barrier to getting their credential.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many potential bilingual teachers have not even considered the possibility, said Guadalupe Díaz Lara, who teaches child and adolescent studies at CSU Fullerton. She said many of her students want to be teachers, and the vast majority are bilingual in Spanish and English, but they are not aware of the possibility of getting a bilingual credential or working in bilingual education. Díaz Lara believes that is partly because they attended English-only programs themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They acknowledge the impact of having those experiences in school where their home language wasn’t valued,” Díaz Lara said. “They are definitely passionate about working with minority families. A lot of them want to go back to their communities and give back to their communities, but they don’t know that bilingual education is an option for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the case for Alejandra Silva, another graduate of the Future Educator Support program, who received her credential from San Diego State and now teaches in a dual-language program at Escondido Union School District. She was finishing her bachelor’s degree and working as a school speech therapist aide when she found out about the classified employee grant program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to be a teacher, but I hadn’t really considered being a bilingual teacher. I know Spanish, but I didn’t really consider it as an asset or a tool. I just knew that bilingual education had kind of fallen off but didn’t really look into why or realize that it was coming back,” Silva said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lavadenz, of Loyola Marymount University, said schools should begin encouraging students to become bilingual teachers, beginning before they graduate from high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make teaching overall a desirable, important and valuable career. We need to do more promotion of that in K-12 and in the public sector,” Lavadenz said. “We need a tune-up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, many teachers who currently teach in English are in fact bilingual and could receive a bilingual authorization with the right support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/ps/btpdpgrants.asp\">Bilingual Teacher Professional Development Program\u003c/a>, which began in 2018 and \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/why-training-california-bilingual-teachers-just-got-harder/656558\">ended in 2021,\u003c/a> helped prepare about 350 teachers for bilingual credentials, according to the California Department of Education. Since the program ended, some school districts, particularly smaller ones, have been struggling to prepare more teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re still being asked by our districts, especially those that are building up their bilingual programs, ‘Can you help us?’” said Martha Martinez, director of research and evaluation at SEAL, a nonprofit organization that provides training and assistance to elementary schools and preschools across the state to help them implement strong bilingual programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some school districts have partnered with colleges themselves to set up residency programs where students work in classrooms as student teachers for a full year, while they get their credential. One such district is Oak Grove School District in San José, which has partnered with San José State University. Both student-teachers and the teachers working with them take classes with SEAL on best practices for bilingual education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mentor teachers are expressing they’re learning so much going through the courses themselves. The student-teachers are expressing they’re so prepared to step into the classroom,” said Jennifer Diehl, director of innovation and strategic design at SEAL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Anti-Poverty Advocates Say California Should Send $2,000 per Child to State's Lowest-Income Families",
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"content": "\u003cp>As Gov. Gavin Newsom and state lawmakers contemplate how to deliver the state’s surplus dollars back to Californians facing high gas prices and other rising costs of living, one group of advocates is pushing for another stimulus-like payment for the state’s lowest-income residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of anti-poverty organizations is calling for the state to send a one-time payment of $2,000 per child to families making less than $30,000 a year. More than 1 million families in the state would be eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, sponsored by Assemblymember Miguel Santiago, a Los Angeles Democrat, is intended to partly make up for the expiration of last year’s expanded federal child tax credit payments, which provided as much as $3,000 per child — and $3,600 per child under 6 — to lower- and moderate-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Columbia University found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.povertycenter.columbia.edu/publication/monthly-poverty-september-2021\">the expanded tax credit reduced child poverty by more than 26%\u003c/a>, with greater reductions among Black and Latino children. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbpp.org/blog/9-in-10-families-with-low-incomes-are-using-child-tax-credits-to-pay-for-necessities-education\">Nearly 90% of families spent the money on basic costs such as food, clothing or rent\u003c/a>, according to the liberal-leaning Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santiago said his proposal is a follow-up act on “the largest anti-poverty program we’ve had.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates have raised alarms since the end of the program’s expansion in December, citing CBPP figures showing that 1.7 million California children are now at risk of falling back into poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, along with the Newsom administration’s Golden State Stimulus checks and enhanced unemployment benefits, were among the handful of pandemic relief programs that came to an end last year. \u003ccite>\u003c/cite>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re making $30,000 or less for a family, they need immediate help,” Santiago said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His legislation was heard Monday by the Assembly Revenue and Taxation committee, where it awaits a vote. The measure would cost $3.8 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the latest of several proposals for how California could spend down the $31 billion budget surplus that the state is projected to have this year, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"child-tax-credit\"]Officials already are considering several rebate ideas that could potentially help a wider pool of Californians deal with sky-high inflation and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2022/03/gas-tax-rebate-california/\">gas costs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/03/california-gas-tax-newsom-rebate/\">has proposed sending $400 debit cards \u003c/a>to the owners of every registered car in the state, capped at $800 per individual, as well as $750 million to public transportation agencies to offer free rides for three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of Democratic lawmakers wants to give $400 rebates to all state taxpayers, regardless of car ownership. Both plans would cost around $9 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democratic leaders have balked at giving tax relief to wealthy Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon and state Senate President Pro Tem Toni Atkins favor a $7 billion plan that would give at least $200 rebates to families making up to $250,000 a year. In March, Atkins said she was focused on “ensuring that state money is targeted to those who actually need relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates of the child tax credit idea say surplus spending should be even more targeted to help those most affected by rising prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lowest earners are hit hardest by inflation and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/gas-prices-stretch-family-budgets/\">spend the largest share of their incomes on gas\u003c/a>, according to the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really pushing for a focus on doing the most and as much as you can for the lowest-income households,” said Teri Olle, California campaign director for Economic Security Project Action, a group advocating for cash-assistance programs. “We know those are the households that are hurting the most.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is part of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/california-divide/\">\u003cem>California Divide\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> project, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequality and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As Gov. Gavin Newsom and state lawmakers contemplate how to deliver the state’s surplus dollars back to Californians facing high gas prices and other rising costs of living, one group of advocates is pushing for another stimulus-like payment for the state’s lowest-income residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of anti-poverty organizations is calling for the state to send a one-time payment of $2,000 per child to families making less than $30,000 a year. More than 1 million families in the state would be eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, sponsored by Assemblymember Miguel Santiago, a Los Angeles Democrat, is intended to partly make up for the expiration of last year’s expanded federal child tax credit payments, which provided as much as $3,000 per child — and $3,600 per child under 6 — to lower- and moderate-income families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Columbia University found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.povertycenter.columbia.edu/publication/monthly-poverty-september-2021\">the expanded tax credit reduced child poverty by more than 26%\u003c/a>, with greater reductions among Black and Latino children. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbpp.org/blog/9-in-10-families-with-low-incomes-are-using-child-tax-credits-to-pay-for-necessities-education\">Nearly 90% of families spent the money on basic costs such as food, clothing or rent\u003c/a>, according to the liberal-leaning Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santiago said his proposal is a follow-up act on “the largest anti-poverty program we’ve had.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates have raised alarms since the end of the program’s expansion in December, citing CBPP figures showing that 1.7 million California children are now at risk of falling back into poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, along with the Newsom administration’s Golden State Stimulus checks and enhanced unemployment benefits, were among the handful of pandemic relief programs that came to an end last year. \u003ccite>\u003c/cite>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re making $30,000 or less for a family, they need immediate help,” Santiago said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His legislation was heard Monday by the Assembly Revenue and Taxation committee, where it awaits a vote. The measure would cost $3.8 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the latest of several proposals for how California could spend down the $31 billion budget surplus that the state is projected to have this year, according to the Legislative Analyst’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Officials already are considering several rebate ideas that could potentially help a wider pool of Californians deal with sky-high inflation and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletters/whatmatters/2022/03/gas-tax-rebate-california/\">gas costs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/03/california-gas-tax-newsom-rebate/\">has proposed sending $400 debit cards \u003c/a>to the owners of every registered car in the state, capped at $800 per individual, as well as $750 million to public transportation agencies to offer free rides for three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of Democratic lawmakers wants to give $400 rebates to all state taxpayers, regardless of car ownership. Both plans would cost around $9 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democratic leaders have balked at giving tax relief to wealthy Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon and state Senate President Pro Tem Toni Atkins favor a $7 billion plan that would give at least $200 rebates to families making up to $250,000 a year. In March, Atkins said she was focused on “ensuring that state money is targeted to those who actually need relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates of the child tax credit idea say surplus spending should be even more targeted to help those most affected by rising prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lowest earners are hit hardest by inflation and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/gas-prices-stretch-family-budgets/\">spend the largest share of their incomes on gas\u003c/a>, according to the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really pushing for a focus on doing the most and as much as you can for the lowest-income households,” said Teri Olle, California campaign director for Economic Security Project Action, a group advocating for cash-assistance programs. “We know those are the households that are hurting the most.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is part of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/california-divide/\">\u003cem>California Divide\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> project, a collaboration among newsrooms examining income inequality and economic survival in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Student Loan Borrowers Will Get Help After an NPR Report and Years of Complaints",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Education says it will retroactively help millions of federal student loan borrowers who have been hurt and held back by its troubled income-driven repayment (IDR) plans, calling the plans’ longstanding flaws and mismanagement “inexcusable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s announcement comes after \u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/student_loans/IB_IDR.pdf\">years of complaints\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-sues-nations-largest-student-loan-company-navient-failing-borrowers-every-stage-repayment/\">lawsuits\u003c/a> and, most recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">an NPR investigation\u003c/a> that revealed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">these IDR plans, which promise affordable monthly payments as low as $0 and loan forgiveness after 20-25 years, have been badly mismanaged\u003c/a> by the department and the loan servicing companies it employs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, the Department of Education will begin to remedy years of administrative failures that effectively denied the promise of loan forgiveness to certain borrowers enrolled in IDR plans,” U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said in a statement.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside postID=\"news_11910436,news_11910169\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department estimates that the changes will result in immediate debt cancellation for at least 40,000 borrowers who will now qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness. In addition, several thousand borrowers will now qualify for debt cancellation under IDR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/student_loans/IB_IDR.pdf\">This follows a 2021 revelation\u003c/a> that, at the time, 4.4 million borrowers had been repaying their loans for at least 20 years but only 32 had had debts canceled under IDR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of Tuesday’s news, millions more borrowers will also receive months and, in some cases, years of new credit toward eventual cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what the department is committing to do:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Borrowers with long-term forbearances will get credit toward debt cancellation\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department and its office of Federal Student Aid (FSA) pledge to conduct a “one-time account adjustment” to give borrowers credit for time spent in what it considers unjustifiably long forbearances: more than 12 consecutive months or more than 36 cumulative months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forbearance allows borrowers in financial trouble to pause their payments, but interest continues to accrue and capitalize, meaning the interest itself ends up accruing interest. Income-driven repayment plans can offer the same, or nearly the same, reprieve from high monthly payments, and, unlike forbearance, they give borrowers a path toward loan cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After July 2009 when IDR plans became widely available, forbearance should have been loan servicers’ tool of last resort for distressed borrowers. Instead, the department says, a new review found that servicers’ use of long-term forbearance was “remarkably widespread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the department, between July 2009 and March 2020, more than 13% of all Direct Loan borrowers were in forbearance for at least 36 months, suggesting “loan servicers placed borrowers into forbearance in violation of Department rules, even when their monthly payment under an IDR plan could have been as low as zero dollars.” \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/manage-loans/lower-payments/get-temporary-relief/forbearance\">The department generally limits forbearance to 12 consecutive months or three years total\u003c/a>, after which payments should resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department’s remedy means that borrowers will be given credit toward loan cancellation for some of these long-term forbearances. For example, a borrower who spent 16 consecutive months in forbearance would be given credit for 16 qualifying payments toward cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department estimates that 3.6 million borrowers will receive at least three years of new credit toward cancellation. Many more borrowers will benefit but receive less than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan excludes one prominent group of borrowers: those who spent less than 12 consecutive months and less than 36 cumulative months in forbearance, though it does promise an “account review” for those who choose to file a complaint with FSA’s ombudsman.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Inaccuracies in how qualifying payments were counted will be corrected\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">NPR reporting earlier this month revealed pervasive inaccuracies\u003c/a> in loan servicers’ counts of borrowers’ qualifying IDR payments, which the department now acknowledges and pledges to address with a one-time revision of past payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any months in which borrowers made payments will count toward IDR, regardless of repayment plan,” the department’s release says. “Payments made prior to consolidation on consolidated loans will also count. This fix is necessary to correct for data problems and past implementation inaccuracies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After acquiring internal department documents, NPR found a litany of irregularities in how loan servicers were counting — or failing to count — qualifying IDR payments, thereby delaying borrowers’ progress toward forgiveness. For example, $0 monthly payments were not being adequately tracked, potentially hurting the lowest-income borrowers. Also, borrowers appeared to erroneously lose credit for previous progress made toward IDR after emerging from default.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improving the way borrowers’ progress toward loan cancellation gets tracked\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department is offering two remedies for another serious problem highlighted in NPR’s recent investigation — that loan servicers weren’t uniformly tracking borrowers’ progress toward loan cancellation, and some weren’t tracking their progress \u003cem>at all\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FSA now says it will issue new guidance to servicers to make sure the companies’ records are accurate and uniform. Perhaps more importantly, the department says in 2023 it will begin tracking IDR payments on its own system and displaying borrowers’ progress at StudentAid.gov.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>These changes will happen automatically — but it may take awhile\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department says it will make these adjustments to borrower records automatically, but first it will need to upgrade its antiquated National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS). As such, loan cancellations won’t officially begin until fall of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The overhaul comes amid mounting political pressure\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department unveiled its overhaul plans amid mounting pressure from lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, citing NPR’s reporting, the chairs of both House and Senate education committees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.help.senate.gov/chair/newsroom/press/murray-scott-push-biden-administration-to-fix-longstanding-failures-with-income-driven-student-loan-repayment-system\">Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., and Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., urged Education Secretary Miguel Cardona in a letter to “provide immediate relief and undo past harms.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Borrowers have for too long, lived with ballooning debts and the false promise of loan forgiveness after 20 or 25 years in income-driven repayment,” the letter said. “Payments must be corrected retroactively in order to provide relief to borrowers who have already been harmed by this broken safety net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the department’s proposal addresses some of Scott’s and Murray’s demands, it falls short in at least one area. The top Democrats implored the department to retroactively give borrowers credit toward loan cancellation for \u003cem>all\u003c/em> past periods of forbearance, not just long-term pauses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Scott said “today’s announcement means that borrowers in Income-Driven Repayment will finally have reliable access to the loan forgiveness that they were promised and have been working toward… However, while the Department has taken a significant step to support borrowers, we know we must do more to fix our broken student loan system, including the Income-Driven Repayment program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, leading Senate Democrats, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092804056/student-loan-debt-investigation-response\">Sen. Sherrod Brown of Ohio, Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts and Sen. Dick Durbin of Illinois, also sent a letter to Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Director Rohit Chopra\u003c/a>, calling for his agency to investigate and “use all of its authorities to ensure borrowers are accessing IDR program benefits and receive the student loan forgiveness they have earned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department’s announcement also comes not long before the U.S. Government Accountability Office is expected to release the results of its own investigation into IDR’s failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR is committed to reporting on pressing issues that matter to you, like student loans. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/ed\">\u003cem>Sign up for our Education newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to stay up to date. You can support NPR’s trusted, vital coverage by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/donations/support\">\u003cem>donating to your local NPR station today\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Student+loan+borrowers+will+get+help+after+an+NPR+report+and+years+of+complaints&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Education says it will retroactively help millions of federal student loan borrowers who have been hurt and held back by its troubled income-driven repayment (IDR) plans, calling the plans’ longstanding flaws and mismanagement “inexcusable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s announcement comes after \u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/student_loans/IB_IDR.pdf\">years of complaints\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/about-us/newsroom/cfpb-sues-nations-largest-student-loan-company-navient-failing-borrowers-every-stage-repayment/\">lawsuits\u003c/a> and, most recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">an NPR investigation\u003c/a> that revealed that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">these IDR plans, which promise affordable monthly payments as low as $0 and loan forgiveness after 20-25 years, have been badly mismanaged\u003c/a> by the department and the loan servicing companies it employs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, the Department of Education will begin to remedy years of administrative failures that effectively denied the promise of loan forgiveness to certain borrowers enrolled in IDR plans,” U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said in a statement.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department estimates that the changes will result in immediate debt cancellation for at least 40,000 borrowers who will now qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness. In addition, several thousand borrowers will now qualify for debt cancellation under IDR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/images/pdf/student_loans/IB_IDR.pdf\">This follows a 2021 revelation\u003c/a> that, at the time, 4.4 million borrowers had been repaying their loans for at least 20 years but only 32 had had debts canceled under IDR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of Tuesday’s news, millions more borrowers will also receive months and, in some cases, years of new credit toward eventual cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what the department is committing to do:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Borrowers with long-term forbearances will get credit toward debt cancellation\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department and its office of Federal Student Aid (FSA) pledge to conduct a “one-time account adjustment” to give borrowers credit for time spent in what it considers unjustifiably long forbearances: more than 12 consecutive months or more than 36 cumulative months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forbearance allows borrowers in financial trouble to pause their payments, but interest continues to accrue and capitalize, meaning the interest itself ends up accruing interest. Income-driven repayment plans can offer the same, or nearly the same, reprieve from high monthly payments, and, unlike forbearance, they give borrowers a path toward loan cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After July 2009 when IDR plans became widely available, forbearance should have been loan servicers’ tool of last resort for distressed borrowers. Instead, the department says, a new review found that servicers’ use of long-term forbearance was “remarkably widespread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the department, between July 2009 and March 2020, more than 13% of all Direct Loan borrowers were in forbearance for at least 36 months, suggesting “loan servicers placed borrowers into forbearance in violation of Department rules, even when their monthly payment under an IDR plan could have been as low as zero dollars.” \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/manage-loans/lower-payments/get-temporary-relief/forbearance\">The department generally limits forbearance to 12 consecutive months or three years total\u003c/a>, after which payments should resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department’s remedy means that borrowers will be given credit toward loan cancellation for some of these long-term forbearances. For example, a borrower who spent 16 consecutive months in forbearance would be given credit for 16 qualifying payments toward cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department estimates that 3.6 million borrowers will receive at least three years of new credit toward cancellation. Many more borrowers will benefit but receive less than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan excludes one prominent group of borrowers: those who spent less than 12 consecutive months and less than 36 cumulative months in forbearance, though it does promise an “account review” for those who choose to file a complaint with FSA’s ombudsman.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Inaccuracies in how qualifying payments were counted will be corrected\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1089750113/student-loan-debt-investigation\">NPR reporting earlier this month revealed pervasive inaccuracies\u003c/a> in loan servicers’ counts of borrowers’ qualifying IDR payments, which the department now acknowledges and pledges to address with a one-time revision of past payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any months in which borrowers made payments will count toward IDR, regardless of repayment plan,” the department’s release says. “Payments made prior to consolidation on consolidated loans will also count. This fix is necessary to correct for data problems and past implementation inaccuracies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After acquiring internal department documents, NPR found a litany of irregularities in how loan servicers were counting — or failing to count — qualifying IDR payments, thereby delaying borrowers’ progress toward forgiveness. For example, $0 monthly payments were not being adequately tracked, potentially hurting the lowest-income borrowers. Also, borrowers appeared to erroneously lose credit for previous progress made toward IDR after emerging from default.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improving the way borrowers’ progress toward loan cancellation gets tracked\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department is offering two remedies for another serious problem highlighted in NPR’s recent investigation — that loan servicers weren’t uniformly tracking borrowers’ progress toward loan cancellation, and some weren’t tracking their progress \u003cem>at all\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FSA now says it will issue new guidance to servicers to make sure the companies’ records are accurate and uniform. Perhaps more importantly, the department says in 2023 it will begin tracking IDR payments on its own system and displaying borrowers’ progress at StudentAid.gov.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>These changes will happen automatically — but it may take awhile\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department says it will make these adjustments to borrower records automatically, but first it will need to upgrade its antiquated National Student Loan Data System (NSLDS). As such, loan cancellations won’t officially begin until fall of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The overhaul comes amid mounting political pressure\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The department unveiled its overhaul plans amid mounting pressure from lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, citing NPR’s reporting, the chairs of both House and Senate education committees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.help.senate.gov/chair/newsroom/press/murray-scott-push-biden-administration-to-fix-longstanding-failures-with-income-driven-student-loan-repayment-system\">Rep. Bobby Scott, D-Va., and Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., urged Education Secretary Miguel Cardona in a letter to “provide immediate relief and undo past harms.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Borrowers have for too long, lived with ballooning debts and the false promise of loan forgiveness after 20 or 25 years in income-driven repayment,” the letter said. “Payments must be corrected retroactively in order to provide relief to borrowers who have already been harmed by this broken safety net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the department’s proposal addresses some of Scott’s and Murray’s demands, it falls short in at least one area. The top Democrats implored the department to retroactively give borrowers credit toward loan cancellation for \u003cem>all\u003c/em> past periods of forbearance, not just long-term pauses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Scott said “today’s announcement means that borrowers in Income-Driven Repayment will finally have reliable access to the loan forgiveness that they were promised and have been working toward… However, while the Department has taken a significant step to support borrowers, we know we must do more to fix our broken student loan system, including the Income-Driven Repayment program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, leading Senate Democrats, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/04/14/1092804056/student-loan-debt-investigation-response\">Sen. Sherrod Brown of Ohio, Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts and Sen. Dick Durbin of Illinois, also sent a letter to Consumer Financial Protection Bureau Director Rohit Chopra\u003c/a>, calling for his agency to investigate and “use all of its authorities to ensure borrowers are accessing IDR program benefits and receive the student loan forgiveness they have earned.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department’s announcement also comes not long before the U.S. Government Accountability Office is expected to release the results of its own investigation into IDR’s failures.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR is committed to reporting on pressing issues that matter to you, like student loans. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/ed\">\u003cem>Sign up for our Education newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to stay up to date. You can support NPR’s trusted, vital coverage by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/donations/support\">\u003cem>donating to your local NPR station today\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Student+loan+borrowers+will+get+help+after+an+NPR+report+and+years+of+complaints&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Where Are All of California's School Librarians?",
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"headTitle": "Where Are All of California’s School Librarians? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>California students who use the school library aren’t likely to find a credentialed teacher librarian behind the desk. Instead, they will probably be helped by someone without a bachelor’s degree, teaching credential or much formal training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.indeed.com/hire/c/info/full-time-equivalent?gclid=CjwKCAjwur-SBhB6EiwA5sKtjgjby35RD2GUp86qzhd06fq4mQ-HU2lVYh6CgxkoCOA5pYcP9WDfIhoC658QAvD_BwE&aceid=\">number of school librarians in the state dropped\u003c/a> from the equivalent of 811 full-time positions in 2014-15 to 621 in 2020-21, the\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/elsi/tablegenerator.aspx\"> latest year data\u003c/a> was available, according to the National Center for Education Statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means that California schools had one full-time teacher librarian for every 9,667 students last school year, the highest ratio of the 48 states, along with Washington, D.C., that provided numbers to NCES. The state’s Model School Library Standards calls for a ratio of one full-time teacher librarian for every 785 students.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Nina Jackson, president, California School Library Association\"]‘Most schools and/or districts don’t want to pay a teacher’s salary for the library.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One-third of K-12 students have never had a teacher librarian, said Lesley Farmer, professor of library media at CSU Long Beach and one of the authors of the state’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/librarystandards.pdf\"> Model School Library Standards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lack of designated state funding for school libraries may be at the root of the scarcity of teacher librarians. School libraries are mostly funded with district general funds and by fundraising, making them a target for cutbacks whenever school finances need tightening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most schools and or districts don’t want to pay a teacher’s salary for the library,” said Nina Jackson, president of the California School Library Association. “They feel like all they need is someone to run a library and keep the books on track. They don’t see the need for someone who teaches digital literacy, media safety and research. They don’t see a need for it and, in education, it comes down to money.”[aside postID=\"forum_2010101888588,mindshift_58892\" label=\"Related Posts\"]A review of job openings on \u003ca href=\"https://www.edjoin.org/\">EDJOIN\u003c/a> — an online education job board — on April 6 showed 13 advertisements for credentialed teacher librarians, with salaries from about $42,000 to $105,000, and 116 openings for classified school library workers with pay ranging from $15 to $30 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ideally, school libraries would have a teacher librarian to work with classroom teachers and students, as well as a library technician to check out and repair books and assist with book fairs,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of teacher librarians could be hurting California students academically. Research shows that teacher librarians positively affect student achievement at all grade levels, Farmer said. Research she co-authored shows that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0099133320301531?via%3Dihub\">the impact of librarians on high school academic achievement follows students into college\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ctc.ca.gov/credentials/leaflets/teacher-librarian-services-credential-(cl-562)\">Teacher librarians are required to have:\u003c/a> a bachelor’s degree, a California teaching credential and a teacher librarian services credential, which authorizes them to operate school and district libraries, instruct students in the handling of library materials, and supervise classified staff, according to the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requirements for classified library workers vary by district, with some requiring a high school diploma and others an associate degree in library science or a specified number of college units.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>San Juan Unified librarian holds fundraisers to buy books\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Susan Sloan, the teacher librarian at Bella Vista High School in Sacramento County, says an important part of her job is teaching digital literacy to ensure students can differentiate between biased and unbiased information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bella Vista library, which features books displayed on easels and bookmarks for sale at checkout, looks more like a bookstore than a high school library. The library’s collection has been carefully curated by Sloan and updated to include books that appeal to a diverse population of students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Juan Unified doesn’t have dedicated funds for library books or materials, so Sloan raises about $10,000 annually to buy most of what is needed. The principal also has provided school funds for some materials. With the help of volunteers, Sloan spends many of her evenings and weekends hosting book fairs and holding fundraisers, like the one last year that sold \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjuan.edu/site/Default.aspx?PageID=37928\">artwork created with old books\u003c/a>. She also applies for grants from corporations and posts wish lists on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.donorschoose.org/classroom/bvlibraryprojects\">Donors Choose\u003c/a> website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent day last month, Sloan was straightening up the library at the end of the school day. Stacks of books with topics like drug addiction, alcoholism, nicotine and hallucinogens had been placed on tables around the room. Sloan explained the books were part of a health class exercise that had students rotating in groups from stack to stack while filling out a chart with basic information about each topic. The idea was to teach students about these health hazards, as well as how to glean information from written materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some administrators think all we do is check in and check out books, and the rest of the time we aren’t doing anything,” Sloan said. “I am the first one on campus, other than the registrar. So, I’m here at 6:30 in the morning, and yesterday I didn’t leave until a quarter to 5. And that’s pretty typical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Juan Unified has certificated teacher librarians at all nine of its comprehensive high schools, but not at its 33 elementary schools, eight K-8 schools, nine middle schools or its continuation high schools. The middle schools are staffed by media/library technicians and elementary schools by clerk typists, said Raj Rai, district spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly there are multiple factors that have contributed to this library staffing structure in the district, including investments based on student needs at the site level and the availability of teacher librarians,” Rai said. “There continues to be a shortage of certificated teacher librarians, and we did have a hard time filling an open position last year at one of our high schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State law dictating who runs school libraries is unclear\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Juan Unified officials said they are not required to have a teacher librarian at every school. The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=18120.#:~:text=18120.,(Amended%20by%20Stats.\">California education code\u003c/a> says that school districts “may appoint a librarian or librarians to staff the libraries provided they qualify as librarians.” The word “may” is often interpreted as meaning the hiring of librarians is optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Commission on Teacher Credentialing website tries to clarify the issue, saying that while it would be ideal for each library to have a credentialed teacher librarian, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctc.ca.gov/credentials/assignment-resources/challenges-with-library-assignments\">it is not always feasible\u003c/a>. Instead, the commission says that small school districts can form a consortium with other districts to employ a single credentialed teacher librarian, and larger school districts can employ the number of teacher librarians necessary to select library materials, coordinate library programs and manage library services, along with other duties outlined in the credential. Districts also can contract with a public library for services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if districts are out of compliance, it’s not clear which agency would sanction them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where the Education Code is not completely clear, districts apply their own interpretation, and the CDE does not act as a compliance agency,” stated an email from the California Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In my view, the statutes are purposely vague because education management, boards and superintendents want maximum flexibility in staffing,” said Jeff Frost, a lobbyist for the California School Library Association. “It is why in good economic times, more teacher librarians are hired, but in bad economic times, those same TLs [teacher librarians] are often eliminated from school libraries and often laid off or bumped back into classrooms based on seniority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Small districts are most likely to go without a school librarian\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Konocti Unified, a district serving 3,600 students in Lake County, hasn’t had a teacher librarian in its schools for at least 15 years, said Emily Kasmier, the district’s lead librarian. Kasmier, a classified employee, is a library media integration specialist II at Lower Lake Elementary School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kasmier has many duties. Along with helping students select and check out books, she manages and trains library staff, reads to the younger students and manages an online program that measures students’ reading and math comprehension. She’s also the afternoon crossing guard and is in charge of checking out the school’s Chromebooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Outside of that time, I’m shelving books like a madwoman,” she said. “About 1,000 to 1,200 a week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Konocti Unified requires its library specialists to have an associate degree or 48 college credits, or have a high school diploma and pass a test. The district has struggled to fill teaching and other staff positions because of its remote location and distance from universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto Unified, on the other hand, has a librarian in each school library. Librarians are essential to the district’s reading initiatives, said Anne Brown, assistant superintendent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a big focus on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pausd.org/school-life/learning/esri\">Every Student Reads Initiative\u003c/a>, and we want children to love reading, so our libraries are comfortable, safe places for students to hang out, read books and talk to librarians,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Teacher librarians can be hard to find\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto Unified has had no problem filling teacher librarian positions, which rarely come open, Brown said. But other districts, including San Juan Unified and Tracy Unified, have had difficulty finding them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracy Unified School District had so much trouble finding the six teacher librarians it needed to expand lessons in digital literacy and the use of library resources to middle and elementary schools, that it is offering to pay up to $20,000 of the cost associated with earning librarian certification in exchange for a three-year commitment to the district, said Tammy Jalique, associate superintendent of human resources for the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far three teachers from outside the district have signed on to work as school librarians on provisional permits while they earn their library certification. To earn certification as a teacher librarian, a credentialed teacher must take an additional nine to 10 courses, Farmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difficulty filling teacher librarian jobs could be because of the low number of teacher librarian credentials issued in California — 94 in 2020. That’s a slight increase over each of the previous four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three California universities offer the coursework required to earn certification as a teacher librarian: California State University Long Beach, San José State University and Fresno Pacific University, according to the Commission on Teacher Credentialing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmer says there is a perception that no one is hiring librarians, so many potential candidates are earning master’s degrees in library science instead of a teaching credential and taking jobs in public libraries, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state needs to turn out 200 teacher librarians a year,” Farmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 10 and 15 teacher librarians complete their certification at Long Beach each year, Farmer said. The university has 50 in the pipeline right now. Many of the candidates are full-time teachers who take one or two classes a semester, Farmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more people entering the field,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "California lags far behind other states on its librarian-to-student ratio. The number of school librarians in the state dropped from the equivalent of 811 full-time positions in 2014-15, to 621 in 2020-21.",
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"title": "Where Are All of California's School Librarians? | KQED",
"description": "California lags far behind other states on its librarian-to-student ratio. The number of school librarians in the state dropped from the equivalent of 811 full-time positions in 2014-15, to 621 in 2020-21.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California students who use the school library aren’t likely to find a credentialed teacher librarian behind the desk. Instead, they will probably be helped by someone without a bachelor’s degree, teaching credential or much formal training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.indeed.com/hire/c/info/full-time-equivalent?gclid=CjwKCAjwur-SBhB6EiwA5sKtjgjby35RD2GUp86qzhd06fq4mQ-HU2lVYh6CgxkoCOA5pYcP9WDfIhoC658QAvD_BwE&aceid=\">number of school librarians in the state dropped\u003c/a> from the equivalent of 811 full-time positions in 2014-15 to 621 in 2020-21, the\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/elsi/tablegenerator.aspx\"> latest year data\u003c/a> was available, according to the National Center for Education Statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means that California schools had one full-time teacher librarian for every 9,667 students last school year, the highest ratio of the 48 states, along with Washington, D.C., that provided numbers to NCES. The state’s Model School Library Standards calls for a ratio of one full-time teacher librarian for every 785 students.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Most schools and/or districts don’t want to pay a teacher’s salary for the library.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One-third of K-12 students have never had a teacher librarian, said Lesley Farmer, professor of library media at CSU Long Beach and one of the authors of the state’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/librarystandards.pdf\"> Model School Library Standards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lack of designated state funding for school libraries may be at the root of the scarcity of teacher librarians. School libraries are mostly funded with district general funds and by fundraising, making them a target for cutbacks whenever school finances need tightening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most schools and or districts don’t want to pay a teacher’s salary for the library,” said Nina Jackson, president of the California School Library Association. “They feel like all they need is someone to run a library and keep the books on track. They don’t see the need for someone who teaches digital literacy, media safety and research. They don’t see a need for it and, in education, it comes down to money.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A review of job openings on \u003ca href=\"https://www.edjoin.org/\">EDJOIN\u003c/a> — an online education job board — on April 6 showed 13 advertisements for credentialed teacher librarians, with salaries from about $42,000 to $105,000, and 116 openings for classified school library workers with pay ranging from $15 to $30 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ideally, school libraries would have a teacher librarian to work with classroom teachers and students, as well as a library technician to check out and repair books and assist with book fairs,” Jackson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of teacher librarians could be hurting California students academically. Research shows that teacher librarians positively affect student achievement at all grade levels, Farmer said. Research she co-authored shows that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0099133320301531?via%3Dihub\">the impact of librarians on high school academic achievement follows students into college\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ctc.ca.gov/credentials/leaflets/teacher-librarian-services-credential-(cl-562)\">Teacher librarians are required to have:\u003c/a> a bachelor’s degree, a California teaching credential and a teacher librarian services credential, which authorizes them to operate school and district libraries, instruct students in the handling of library materials, and supervise classified staff, according to the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requirements for classified library workers vary by district, with some requiring a high school diploma and others an associate degree in library science or a specified number of college units.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>San Juan Unified librarian holds fundraisers to buy books\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Susan Sloan, the teacher librarian at Bella Vista High School in Sacramento County, says an important part of her job is teaching digital literacy to ensure students can differentiate between biased and unbiased information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bella Vista library, which features books displayed on easels and bookmarks for sale at checkout, looks more like a bookstore than a high school library. The library’s collection has been carefully curated by Sloan and updated to include books that appeal to a diverse population of students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Juan Unified doesn’t have dedicated funds for library books or materials, so Sloan raises about $10,000 annually to buy most of what is needed. The principal also has provided school funds for some materials. With the help of volunteers, Sloan spends many of her evenings and weekends hosting book fairs and holding fundraisers, like the one last year that sold \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjuan.edu/site/Default.aspx?PageID=37928\">artwork created with old books\u003c/a>. She also applies for grants from corporations and posts wish lists on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.donorschoose.org/classroom/bvlibraryprojects\">Donors Choose\u003c/a> website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent day last month, Sloan was straightening up the library at the end of the school day. Stacks of books with topics like drug addiction, alcoholism, nicotine and hallucinogens had been placed on tables around the room. Sloan explained the books were part of a health class exercise that had students rotating in groups from stack to stack while filling out a chart with basic information about each topic. The idea was to teach students about these health hazards, as well as how to glean information from written materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some administrators think all we do is check in and check out books, and the rest of the time we aren’t doing anything,” Sloan said. “I am the first one on campus, other than the registrar. So, I’m here at 6:30 in the morning, and yesterday I didn’t leave until a quarter to 5. And that’s pretty typical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Juan Unified has certificated teacher librarians at all nine of its comprehensive high schools, but not at its 33 elementary schools, eight K-8 schools, nine middle schools or its continuation high schools. The middle schools are staffed by media/library technicians and elementary schools by clerk typists, said Raj Rai, district spokesperson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly there are multiple factors that have contributed to this library staffing structure in the district, including investments based on student needs at the site level and the availability of teacher librarians,” Rai said. “There continues to be a shortage of certificated teacher librarians, and we did have a hard time filling an open position last year at one of our high schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State law dictating who runs school libraries is unclear\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>San Juan Unified officials said they are not required to have a teacher librarian at every school. The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=EDC§ionNum=18120.#:~:text=18120.,(Amended%20by%20Stats.\">California education code\u003c/a> says that school districts “may appoint a librarian or librarians to staff the libraries provided they qualify as librarians.” The word “may” is often interpreted as meaning the hiring of librarians is optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Commission on Teacher Credentialing website tries to clarify the issue, saying that while it would be ideal for each library to have a credentialed teacher librarian, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ctc.ca.gov/credentials/assignment-resources/challenges-with-library-assignments\">it is not always feasible\u003c/a>. Instead, the commission says that small school districts can form a consortium with other districts to employ a single credentialed teacher librarian, and larger school districts can employ the number of teacher librarians necessary to select library materials, coordinate library programs and manage library services, along with other duties outlined in the credential. Districts also can contract with a public library for services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if districts are out of compliance, it’s not clear which agency would sanction them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where the Education Code is not completely clear, districts apply their own interpretation, and the CDE does not act as a compliance agency,” stated an email from the California Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In my view, the statutes are purposely vague because education management, boards and superintendents want maximum flexibility in staffing,” said Jeff Frost, a lobbyist for the California School Library Association. “It is why in good economic times, more teacher librarians are hired, but in bad economic times, those same TLs [teacher librarians] are often eliminated from school libraries and often laid off or bumped back into classrooms based on seniority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Small districts are most likely to go without a school librarian\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Konocti Unified, a district serving 3,600 students in Lake County, hasn’t had a teacher librarian in its schools for at least 15 years, said Emily Kasmier, the district’s lead librarian. Kasmier, a classified employee, is a library media integration specialist II at Lower Lake Elementary School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kasmier has many duties. Along with helping students select and check out books, she manages and trains library staff, reads to the younger students and manages an online program that measures students’ reading and math comprehension. She’s also the afternoon crossing guard and is in charge of checking out the school’s Chromebooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Outside of that time, I’m shelving books like a madwoman,” she said. “About 1,000 to 1,200 a week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Konocti Unified requires its library specialists to have an associate degree or 48 college credits, or have a high school diploma and pass a test. The district has struggled to fill teaching and other staff positions because of its remote location and distance from universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto Unified, on the other hand, has a librarian in each school library. Librarians are essential to the district’s reading initiatives, said Anne Brown, assistant superintendent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a big focus on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pausd.org/school-life/learning/esri\">Every Student Reads Initiative\u003c/a>, and we want children to love reading, so our libraries are comfortable, safe places for students to hang out, read books and talk to librarians,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Teacher librarians can be hard to find\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto Unified has had no problem filling teacher librarian positions, which rarely come open, Brown said. But other districts, including San Juan Unified and Tracy Unified, have had difficulty finding them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracy Unified School District had so much trouble finding the six teacher librarians it needed to expand lessons in digital literacy and the use of library resources to middle and elementary schools, that it is offering to pay up to $20,000 of the cost associated with earning librarian certification in exchange for a three-year commitment to the district, said Tammy Jalique, associate superintendent of human resources for the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far three teachers from outside the district have signed on to work as school librarians on provisional permits while they earn their library certification. To earn certification as a teacher librarian, a credentialed teacher must take an additional nine to 10 courses, Farmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difficulty filling teacher librarian jobs could be because of the low number of teacher librarian credentials issued in California — 94 in 2020. That’s a slight increase over each of the previous four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three California universities offer the coursework required to earn certification as a teacher librarian: California State University Long Beach, San José State University and Fresno Pacific University, according to the Commission on Teacher Credentialing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmer says there is a perception that no one is hiring librarians, so many potential candidates are earning master’s degrees in library science instead of a teaching credential and taking jobs in public libraries, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state needs to turn out 200 teacher librarians a year,” Farmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 10 and 15 teacher librarians complete their certification at Long Beach each year, Farmer said. The university has 50 in the pipeline right now. Many of the candidates are full-time teachers who take one or two classes a semester, Farmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more people entering the field,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "in-2020-mutual-aid-was-in-the-spotlight-how-are-organizers-holding-up-in-2022",
"title": "In 2020, Mutual Aid Was in the Spotlight. How Are Organizers Holding Up in 2022?",
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"headTitle": "In 2020, Mutual Aid Was in the Spotlight. How Are Organizers Holding Up in 2022? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ngûyen Pham remembers where he was on March 16, 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was at his house in San José when he got a call from his workplace. “I was told to stay home and work from home,” he said. Santa Clara County had just ordered all residents to shelter in place for the next few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pham works with the \u003ca href=\"https://varoundtable.org/\">Vietnamese American Roundtable\u003c/a>, a group that promotes workers’ rights and cultural programs for the Vietnamese community in the South Bay — \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Vietnamese-American_populations#Cities_with_more_than_10,000_Vietnamese_Americans\">one of the biggest Vietnamese enclaves in the country\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As nonprofits, churches and libraries closed their physical doors and turned online to keep operating, Pham realized that thousands in his community could potentially lose access to food and other essential services these places provided them with. And he knew elders in the Vietnamese community with limited access to the internet were especially vulnerable to losing this aid when they needed it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started making calls. He reached out to friends and old colleagues he knew from years of being involved in social work across Santa Clara County to figure out exactly what families and elderly neighbors would need during lockdown, and how to get these services out in the spirit of mutual aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends were delivering hot meals to the elderly and translating critical information about the coronavirus into Vietnamese. They were even collecting funds to build coffins, for those who lost their lives to COVID-19 but whose families had limited financial resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911164\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911164\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ngûyen Pham pictured at a desk in the Vietnamese American Service Center on March 4, 2022. \u003ccite>(Amaya Edwards/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Mutual aid, historically — it’s been there in the community,” Pham said. And in the Vietnamese community, he notes, “the mutual aid effort really started out from helping underprivileged folks here and in Vietnam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After North Vietnamese forces took control in Vietnam in 1975, the Bay Area saw an influx of Vietnamese migrants. But traditional financial institutions like banks made it difficult for recent arrivals to access credit when they needed it the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Small groups would … put money together to fundraise,” said Pham. “They would request from members a donation monthly and would use that money for scholarships, to build houses and things like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These strategies employed by Vietnamese families to survive tough times in the U.S. served as the blueprint for young people like Pham to organize at the start of the pandemic — a time when the Bay Area saw many mutual aid efforts spring up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jarring nature of a global pandemic, paired with an economic downturn that left millions unemployed and unable to pay for basic necessities, left many to turn to mutual aid when local, state and federal governments fell short of providing the kind of support they needed. Many of these efforts received widespread media attention and subsequent financial support throughout 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pandemic really taught us a lesson that everybody really needs to rely on one another,” Pham said. “When one person is hurt, the rest of the community is in pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As time went on, though, organizers say that mainstream coverage — and funding — slowly started to fizzle out in many ways. But those involved in mutual aid work, like Pham and his friends, haven’t stopped organizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Romanticized’ vs. reality\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mutual aid is work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers invest countless hours each week to raise funds, find food and other essential goods, and maintain an online presence to let folks know what resources are available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911145\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gabriela Alemán, alongside a group of volunteers, packs bread, fruit, vegetables, eggs and milk into boxes during a Guerrer@s de la Ciudad food distribution event at Homey, a nonprofit focused on social and community justice issues in San Francisco’s Mission District on March 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No one knows that as well Gabriela Alemán, co-founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://missionmealscoalition.org/\">Mission Meals Coalition\u003c/a> (MMC), a mutual aid network created in San Francisco’s Mission District a few weeks after city officials announced its shelter-in-place order in March 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People see the pictures and they like to hear the updates. But the reality is mutual aid is really, really hard,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alemán, along with her sister Xiomara and her friend María Castro Noboa, began MMC by connecting immigrant families and seniors across the Bay Area to free warm meals and fresh groceries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They later opened up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11853703/support-is-the-force-at-family-led-mission-meals-coalition-serving-the-community-runs-deep\">a free fridge in the Mission where residents could drop off food so others could take what they needed\u003c/a> — at a time when many residents had lost their jobs, and were struggling to keep up with expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group started MMC while they were holding down full-time jobs. They were doing all of this in their free time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after the fridge opened, news outlets across the region — including KQED — were drawn to MMC. Alemán acknowledges that media coverage played a big role in spreading the word about the group, but says there’s a lot more to the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mutual aid was really romanticized, especially with the fridge program,” she said. “Across the country, people were covering these fridges. They had gorgeous images of the fridges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the reality is it’s really hard to maintain a free fridge. There’s so many safety concerns around fridges — and I like to use that kind of as a metaphor for what mutual aid is,” said Alemán.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the group still operates the fridge, they’ve grown to now distribute boxes of food to hundreds of families and workers in San Francisco and the North Bay. This also includes boxes catered specifically to folks with diabetes or prediabetes; baby food for new parents; and dental kits to promote oral health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911147\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911147\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community members repack food boxes into bags they can carry home during a Guerrer@s de la Ciudad food distribution event at Homey, a nonprofit focused on social and community justice issues, in San Francisco’s Mission District on March 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Food justice goes beyond providing a single meal, Alemán explains. While folks could signal what their food needs are by what they take from the fridge, there’s a lot groups like MMC could miss. Who doesn’t have access to a kitchen? Who doesn’t have time to cook a healthy meal because they work two or three jobs to make rent?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where the preestablished connections within the community came in. “Our community engagement comes from our señoras,” she said. “The relationships they have built across the neighborhood and WhatsApp groups is incredible. You can’t find that anywhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s some of the critical work that was left out during the flurry of media coverage in 2020, says Alemán. And it hasn’t gotten better since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like people have moved on from the pandemic, from talking about food equity and food work,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘An undying love for our people’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mutual aid must also be a revolutionary act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to Yemi Belachew, director of operations for \u003ca href=\"https://www.peoplesprograms.com/\">People’s Programs\u003c/a> — a West Oakland-based group founded by Delency Parham and Blake Simons in 2017 that provides free meals, organizes political education workshops and organizes bail funds for detained Black protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When many homeless shelters closed at the start of the pandemic, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/137476/for-peoples-breakfast-black-liberation-food-access-and-bail-funds-intersect\">People’s Programs quickly organized to get food, shelter supplies and other goods to unhoused residents across the East Bay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911169\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1170px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911169\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55312_Image-from-iOS-23-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1170\" height=\"1162\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55312_Image-from-iOS-23-qut.jpg 1170w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55312_Image-from-iOS-23-qut-800x795.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55312_Image-from-iOS-23-qut-1020x1013.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55312_Image-from-iOS-23-qut-160x159.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the West Oakland-based mutual aid organization People’s Programs. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Yemi Belachew)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re organizing for independence,” Belachew said. And each of the resources offered by People’s Programs plays a role in the group’s goal of securing Black liberation in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, there are people who are hungry. Yes, there are people who need these material needs,” she explained. “But we’re doing that with a political objective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The People’s Programs’ efforts to bail out Black people arrested in the summer of 2020 during protests following the murder of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer garnered \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/local/305/2020/09/18/914028936/local-mutual-aid-groups-face-dwindling-funds-and-burnout-months-into-the-pandemic\">widespread attention across social media\u003c/a>. That visibility helped raise awareness about the food distribution work the group was doing — and folks outside of West Oakland started volunteering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers and donations from outside the community have shifted in the past two years, but Belachew says that the support from within West Oakland among residents has stayed strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you build with us, you’re not here for one summer, one event, one moment. You’re here for the entirety of the organization,” she said. “And we’re investing in you as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the beginning, People’s Programs has envisioned creating permanent support networks for Black people in the Bay Area, Belachew says. And the media buzz around mutual aid efforts during 2020 — amplified by protests after George Floyd’s murder and the accompanying reckoning with racial justice in the country — did introduce this work to a wider audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911171\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1170px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911171\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55313_Image-from-iOS-22-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1170\" height=\"1166\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55313_Image-from-iOS-22-qut.jpg 1170w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55313_Image-from-iOS-22-qut-800x797.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55313_Image-from-iOS-22-qut-1020x1017.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55313_Image-from-iOS-22-qut-160x159.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the West Oakland-based mutual aid organization People’s Programs. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Yemi Belachew)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Belachew says that this profile also made it easier for institutions like governments and corporations to appropriate the term, and use it for purposes that weren’t necessarily rooted in community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"bayareabites_139183\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2020/10/iStock-1165146004-1020x574.jpg\"]“Mutual aid as a concept has been co-opted by the state, by the media and other organizations,” she said. “Originally, the idea of mutual aid was that we were creating systems of support outside of this genocidal government — that we were supporting each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that she’s continuing to learn what mutual aid can look like from other folks doing the work on the ground around the Bay Area and the country. Ultimately, a love for one’s people is why you do this work, said Belachew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An undying love for our people and our people’s liberation. It fuels you in times where your body might not,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Adapting — and partnering — to survive\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As inflation rapidly drives up the cost of food and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11908640\">COVID-19 public benefits like eviction protections and unemployment benefits come to an end\u003c/a>, the need for mutual aid keeps growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many families in San Francisco are turning to Mission Meals as they once again have to decide between buying groceries or making rent. Alemán makes it clear that the collective will always find a way to fill these needs — but stresses that with limited budgets, it’s not easy keeping up with the growing needs of the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911146\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911146\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers help keep a long line moving during a Guerrer@s de la Ciudad food distribution event at Homey, a nonprofit focused on social and community justice issues, in San Francisco’s Mission District on March 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were times last year where the group was not sure whether they’d make it to the next week, Alemán says. Neighbors and friends would pitch in when they could, and donations would come in through social media, but it was a constant battle to stay afloat and have enough food available for everyone who needed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11910942\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/gettyimages-1239161116-b8a59eaa6f071f0d7d4d3c37a8b5d53b308502e9-1020x764.jpg\"]Alemán says that stress, along with all their other personal and work responsibilities, was very difficult for the group to manage. “Managing burnout in mutual aid is very real,” said Alemán.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the group sought out help themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They formed a partnership last year with \u003ca href=\"https://www.homey-sf.org/\">HOMEY, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit in the Mission that offers social services with a focus on violence prevention\u003c/a>. Thanks to this collaboration, MMC has found a much bigger base to collect and distribute food for, along with mentorship on how to navigate funding and community outreach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mission Meals are the next generation of organizers and leaders in our community,” said Roberto Alfaro, executive director of HOMEY. He’s been involved in organizing spaces in the Mission for three decades and says that “it’s our duty and responsibility to support them and to show as much love as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to physical space and guidance, HOMEY provides a stable source of financial support for Mission Meals. Funds granted by the San Francisco Human Services Agency (HSA) finance biweekly meal distributions held at HOMEY’s offices on Mission Street that are organized and led by Mission Meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the collective still prioritizes community fundraising, Alemán shares that members of the collective had several conversations before establishing a partnership with HOMEY.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911159\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911159\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers pack bread, fruit, vegetables, eggs and milk into boxes during a Guerrer@s de la Ciudad food distribution event at Homey, a nonprofit focused on social and community justice issues in San Francisco’s Mission District on March 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alemán echoes Belachew from People’s Programs: Mutual aid is meant to be the antithesis to institutions. With this in mind, members of the collective discussed whether working with financial resources provided to HOMEY by HSA would alter the foundation or independence of Mission Meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a lot of conversations with our elders,” she said, “and came to the conclusion after seeing the corruption happening in local politics: Would we rather see this money go towards those hands, or for tax dollars to be put back into the community and in the hands of the people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiences of these past two years have transformed Alemán’s understanding of what mutual aid can look like — and what it takes to make sure this work continues to flourish. For her, a mutual aid network for the Mission should be powered by both the needs and dreams of the Mission’s residents, she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen kids grow up … they’re 3 years old now. When they were infants we provided them with their first foods, and now they’re eating solids,” she said. “That’s been a really beautiful thing to see [despite these] circumstances.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘What keeps me going’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On the Friday morning that San José’s Ngûyen Pham spoke with KQED, he was working on behalf of the Vietnamese American Roundtable at the \u003ca href=\"https://vasc.sccgov.org/home\">Vietnamese American Service Center\u003c/a> — a resource hub opened last fall by Santa Clara County that serves as a one-stop shop for Asian and Latino residents in the area to connect with a variety of health and social services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pham sat at a booth near the lobby, where he offered information on what additional rights workers have during the pandemic. Switching to Vietnamese, he listened to questions folks have about their jobs. He noted that there are many words and phrases in English that do not have a direct translation in Vietnamese — just one reason these conversations are critical for monolingual residents to feel fully prepared when standing up for themselves at their workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we talk about mutual aid, it’s not just putting funds together, but also putting our heads together … to get accurate information to the community so that they can understand the pandemic,” Pham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ngûyen Pham of the Vietnamese American Roundtable, pictured at work in the Vietnamese American Service Center on March 4, 2022. \u003ccite>(Amaya Edwards/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When translating complicated labor laws, it’s not easy to balance both the original meaning in English \u003cem>and\u003c/em> cultural or linguistic cues in Vietnamese. But Pham and his colleagues at the Vietnamese American Roundtable have gotten a lot of practice in the past two years from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11872941/cultural-brokers-for-our-families-young-vietnamese-americans-fight-online-misinformation-for-the-community\">translating public health updates on COVID-19\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also using these skills to tackle tough conversations with older generations. “The younger Vietnamese generations who were born here, or who came here at a young age — there is some misunderstanding between them and the seniors who came here after 1975 with a lot of trauma from the war,” Pham explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you even explain racial equity in Vietnamese?” he asks. “How do you bridge that gap?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pham remains hopeful that mutual aid has the power to change how many in his community think. His elders who first set up the first mutual aid networks in the South Bay Vietnamese community taught him that this work can take years, decades and even generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He now mentors high school students to pass on this knowledge, to make this work easier for younger folks. “It’s just a labor of love,” Pham said. “They are what keeps me going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "In 2020, Mutual Aid Was in the Spotlight. How Are Organizers Holding Up in 2022? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ngûyen Pham remembers where he was on March 16, 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was at his house in San José when he got a call from his workplace. “I was told to stay home and work from home,” he said. Santa Clara County had just ordered all residents to shelter in place for the next few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pham works with the \u003ca href=\"https://varoundtable.org/\">Vietnamese American Roundtable\u003c/a>, a group that promotes workers’ rights and cultural programs for the Vietnamese community in the South Bay — \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Vietnamese-American_populations#Cities_with_more_than_10,000_Vietnamese_Americans\">one of the biggest Vietnamese enclaves in the country\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As nonprofits, churches and libraries closed their physical doors and turned online to keep operating, Pham realized that thousands in his community could potentially lose access to food and other essential services these places provided them with. And he knew elders in the Vietnamese community with limited access to the internet were especially vulnerable to losing this aid when they needed it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started making calls. He reached out to friends and old colleagues he knew from years of being involved in social work across Santa Clara County to figure out exactly what families and elderly neighbors would need during lockdown, and how to get these services out in the spirit of mutual aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends were delivering hot meals to the elderly and translating critical information about the coronavirus into Vietnamese. They were even collecting funds to build coffins, for those who lost their lives to COVID-19 but whose families had limited financial resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911164\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911164\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55311_RS54092_VASC_MutualAid-11-qut-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ngûyen Pham pictured at a desk in the Vietnamese American Service Center on March 4, 2022. \u003ccite>(Amaya Edwards/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Mutual aid, historically — it’s been there in the community,” Pham said. And in the Vietnamese community, he notes, “the mutual aid effort really started out from helping underprivileged folks here and in Vietnam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After North Vietnamese forces took control in Vietnam in 1975, the Bay Area saw an influx of Vietnamese migrants. But traditional financial institutions like banks made it difficult for recent arrivals to access credit when they needed it the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Small groups would … put money together to fundraise,” said Pham. “They would request from members a donation monthly and would use that money for scholarships, to build houses and things like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These strategies employed by Vietnamese families to survive tough times in the U.S. served as the blueprint for young people like Pham to organize at the start of the pandemic — a time when the Bay Area saw many mutual aid efforts spring up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The jarring nature of a global pandemic, paired with an economic downturn that left millions unemployed and unable to pay for basic necessities, left many to turn to mutual aid when local, state and federal governments fell short of providing the kind of support they needed. Many of these efforts received widespread media attention and subsequent financial support throughout 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The pandemic really taught us a lesson that everybody really needs to rely on one another,” Pham said. “When one person is hurt, the rest of the community is in pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As time went on, though, organizers say that mainstream coverage — and funding — slowly started to fizzle out in many ways. But those involved in mutual aid work, like Pham and his friends, haven’t stopped organizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Romanticized’ vs. reality\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mutual aid is work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers invest countless hours each week to raise funds, find food and other essential goods, and maintain an online presence to let folks know what resources are available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911145\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911145\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54181_038_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gabriela Alemán, alongside a group of volunteers, packs bread, fruit, vegetables, eggs and milk into boxes during a Guerrer@s de la Ciudad food distribution event at Homey, a nonprofit focused on social and community justice issues in San Francisco’s Mission District on March 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No one knows that as well Gabriela Alemán, co-founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://missionmealscoalition.org/\">Mission Meals Coalition\u003c/a> (MMC), a mutual aid network created in San Francisco’s Mission District a few weeks after city officials announced its shelter-in-place order in March 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People see the pictures and they like to hear the updates. But the reality is mutual aid is really, really hard,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alemán, along with her sister Xiomara and her friend María Castro Noboa, began MMC by connecting immigrant families and seniors across the Bay Area to free warm meals and fresh groceries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They later opened up \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11853703/support-is-the-force-at-family-led-mission-meals-coalition-serving-the-community-runs-deep\">a free fridge in the Mission where residents could drop off food so others could take what they needed\u003c/a> — at a time when many residents had lost their jobs, and were struggling to keep up with expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group started MMC while they were holding down full-time jobs. They were doing all of this in their free time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after the fridge opened, news outlets across the region — including KQED — were drawn to MMC. Alemán acknowledges that media coverage played a big role in spreading the word about the group, but says there’s a lot more to the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mutual aid was really romanticized, especially with the fridge program,” she said. “Across the country, people were covering these fridges. They had gorgeous images of the fridges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the reality is it’s really hard to maintain a free fridge. There’s so many safety concerns around fridges — and I like to use that kind of as a metaphor for what mutual aid is,” said Alemán.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the group still operates the fridge, they’ve grown to now distribute boxes of food to hundreds of families and workers in San Francisco and the North Bay. This also includes boxes catered specifically to folks with diabetes or prediabetes; baby food for new parents; and dental kits to promote oral health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911147\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911147\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54171_028_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Community members repack food boxes into bags they can carry home during a Guerrer@s de la Ciudad food distribution event at Homey, a nonprofit focused on social and community justice issues, in San Francisco’s Mission District on March 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Food justice goes beyond providing a single meal, Alemán explains. While folks could signal what their food needs are by what they take from the fridge, there’s a lot groups like MMC could miss. Who doesn’t have access to a kitchen? Who doesn’t have time to cook a healthy meal because they work two or three jobs to make rent?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where the preestablished connections within the community came in. “Our community engagement comes from our señoras,” she said. “The relationships they have built across the neighborhood and WhatsApp groups is incredible. You can’t find that anywhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s some of the critical work that was left out during the flurry of media coverage in 2020, says Alemán. And it hasn’t gotten better since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like people have moved on from the pandemic, from talking about food equity and food work,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘An undying love for our people’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mutual aid must also be a revolutionary act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to Yemi Belachew, director of operations for \u003ca href=\"https://www.peoplesprograms.com/\">People’s Programs\u003c/a> — a West Oakland-based group founded by Delency Parham and Blake Simons in 2017 that provides free meals, organizes political education workshops and organizes bail funds for detained Black protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When many homeless shelters closed at the start of the pandemic, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/137476/for-peoples-breakfast-black-liberation-food-access-and-bail-funds-intersect\">People’s Programs quickly organized to get food, shelter supplies and other goods to unhoused residents across the East Bay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911169\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1170px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911169\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55312_Image-from-iOS-23-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1170\" height=\"1162\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55312_Image-from-iOS-23-qut.jpg 1170w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55312_Image-from-iOS-23-qut-800x795.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55312_Image-from-iOS-23-qut-1020x1013.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55312_Image-from-iOS-23-qut-160x159.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the West Oakland-based mutual aid organization People’s Programs. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Yemi Belachew)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re organizing for independence,” Belachew said. And each of the resources offered by People’s Programs plays a role in the group’s goal of securing Black liberation in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, there are people who are hungry. Yes, there are people who need these material needs,” she explained. “But we’re doing that with a political objective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The People’s Programs’ efforts to bail out Black people arrested in the summer of 2020 during protests following the murder of George Floyd by a Minneapolis police officer garnered \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/local/305/2020/09/18/914028936/local-mutual-aid-groups-face-dwindling-funds-and-burnout-months-into-the-pandemic\">widespread attention across social media\u003c/a>. That visibility helped raise awareness about the food distribution work the group was doing — and folks outside of West Oakland started volunteering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers and donations from outside the community have shifted in the past two years, but Belachew says that the support from within West Oakland among residents has stayed strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you build with us, you’re not here for one summer, one event, one moment. You’re here for the entirety of the organization,” she said. “And we’re investing in you as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the beginning, People’s Programs has envisioned creating permanent support networks for Black people in the Bay Area, Belachew says. And the media buzz around mutual aid efforts during 2020 — amplified by protests after George Floyd’s murder and the accompanying reckoning with racial justice in the country — did introduce this work to a wider audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911171\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1170px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911171\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55313_Image-from-iOS-22-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1170\" height=\"1166\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55313_Image-from-iOS-22-qut.jpg 1170w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55313_Image-from-iOS-22-qut-800x797.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55313_Image-from-iOS-22-qut-1020x1017.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55313_Image-from-iOS-22-qut-160x159.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1170px) 100vw, 1170px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of the West Oakland-based mutual aid organization People’s Programs. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Yemi Belachew)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Belachew says that this profile also made it easier for institutions like governments and corporations to appropriate the term, and use it for purposes that weren’t necessarily rooted in community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Mutual aid as a concept has been co-opted by the state, by the media and other organizations,” she said. “Originally, the idea of mutual aid was that we were creating systems of support outside of this genocidal government — that we were supporting each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that she’s continuing to learn what mutual aid can look like from other folks doing the work on the ground around the Bay Area and the country. Ultimately, a love for one’s people is why you do this work, said Belachew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An undying love for our people and our people’s liberation. It fuels you in times where your body might not,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Adapting — and partnering — to survive\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As inflation rapidly drives up the cost of food and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11908640\">COVID-19 public benefits like eviction protections and unemployment benefits come to an end\u003c/a>, the need for mutual aid keeps growing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many families in San Francisco are turning to Mission Meals as they once again have to decide between buying groceries or making rent. Alemán makes it clear that the collective will always find a way to fill these needs — but stresses that with limited budgets, it’s not easy keeping up with the growing needs of the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911146\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911146\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54175_032_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers help keep a long line moving during a Guerrer@s de la Ciudad food distribution event at Homey, a nonprofit focused on social and community justice issues, in San Francisco’s Mission District on March 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were times last year where the group was not sure whether they’d make it to the next week, Alemán says. Neighbors and friends would pitch in when they could, and donations would come in through social media, but it was a constant battle to stay afloat and have enough food available for everyone who needed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Alemán says that stress, along with all their other personal and work responsibilities, was very difficult for the group to manage. “Managing burnout in mutual aid is very real,” said Alemán.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the group sought out help themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They formed a partnership last year with \u003ca href=\"https://www.homey-sf.org/\">HOMEY, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit in the Mission that offers social services with a focus on violence prevention\u003c/a>. Thanks to this collaboration, MMC has found a much bigger base to collect and distribute food for, along with mentorship on how to navigate funding and community outreach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mission Meals are the next generation of organizers and leaders in our community,” said Roberto Alfaro, executive director of HOMEY. He’s been involved in organizing spaces in the Mission for three decades and says that “it’s our duty and responsibility to support them and to show as much love as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to physical space and guidance, HOMEY provides a stable source of financial support for Mission Meals. Funds granted by the San Francisco Human Services Agency (HSA) finance biweekly meal distributions held at HOMEY’s offices on Mission Street that are organized and led by Mission Meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the collective still prioritizes community fundraising, Alemán shares that members of the collective had several conversations before establishing a partnership with HOMEY.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911159\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911159\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS54185_042_KQED_HomeyFoodDistribution_03052022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteers pack bread, fruit, vegetables, eggs and milk into boxes during a Guerrer@s de la Ciudad food distribution event at Homey, a nonprofit focused on social and community justice issues in San Francisco’s Mission District on March 5, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alemán echoes Belachew from People’s Programs: Mutual aid is meant to be the antithesis to institutions. With this in mind, members of the collective discussed whether working with financial resources provided to HOMEY by HSA would alter the foundation or independence of Mission Meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a lot of conversations with our elders,” she said, “and came to the conclusion after seeing the corruption happening in local politics: Would we rather see this money go towards those hands, or for tax dollars to be put back into the community and in the hands of the people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiences of these past two years have transformed Alemán’s understanding of what mutual aid can look like — and what it takes to make sure this work continues to flourish. For her, a mutual aid network for the Mission should be powered by both the needs and dreams of the Mission’s residents, she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen kids grow up … they’re 3 years old now. When they were infants we provided them with their first foods, and now they’re eating solids,” she said. “That’s been a really beautiful thing to see [despite these] circumstances.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘What keeps me going’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On the Friday morning that San José’s Ngûyen Pham spoke with KQED, he was working on behalf of the Vietnamese American Roundtable at the \u003ca href=\"https://vasc.sccgov.org/home\">Vietnamese American Service Center\u003c/a> — a resource hub opened last fall by Santa Clara County that serves as a one-stop shop for Asian and Latino residents in the area to connect with a variety of health and social services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pham sat at a booth near the lobby, where he offered information on what additional rights workers have during the pandemic. Switching to Vietnamese, he listened to questions folks have about their jobs. He noted that there are many words and phrases in English that do not have a direct translation in Vietnamese — just one reason these conversations are critical for monolingual residents to feel fully prepared when standing up for themselves at their workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we talk about mutual aid, it’s not just putting funds together, but also putting our heads together … to get accurate information to the community so that they can understand the pandemic,” Pham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11911165\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/RS55310_RS54088_VASC_MutualAid-10-qut-qut-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ngûyen Pham of the Vietnamese American Roundtable, pictured at work in the Vietnamese American Service Center on March 4, 2022. \u003ccite>(Amaya Edwards/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When translating complicated labor laws, it’s not easy to balance both the original meaning in English \u003cem>and\u003c/em> cultural or linguistic cues in Vietnamese. But Pham and his colleagues at the Vietnamese American Roundtable have gotten a lot of practice in the past two years from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11872941/cultural-brokers-for-our-families-young-vietnamese-americans-fight-online-misinformation-for-the-community\">translating public health updates on COVID-19\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also using these skills to tackle tough conversations with older generations. “The younger Vietnamese generations who were born here, or who came here at a young age — there is some misunderstanding between them and the seniors who came here after 1975 with a lot of trauma from the war,” Pham explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you even explain racial equity in Vietnamese?” he asks. “How do you bridge that gap?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pham remains hopeful that mutual aid has the power to change how many in his community think. His elders who first set up the first mutual aid networks in the South Bay Vietnamese community taught him that this work can take years, decades and even generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He now mentors high school students to pass on this knowledge, to make this work easier for younger folks. “It’s just a labor of love,” Pham said. “They are what keeps me going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a canyon filled with makeshift shelters, a mile south of the U.S.-Mexico border, farm animals linger near a stream clogged with trash.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Walter Orlando Campos, teacher, Canyon Nest\"]'When I arrived in Tijuana, I couldn't find anywhere to work, I wasn't happy at all, I couldn't enjoy anything. But when I found [this school], I felt refreshed. The children transmit ... so much positivity.'[/pullquote]For over two years, thousands of migrants seeking refuge in the United States — many of them children — have crowded into a network of shelters here, as two successive U.S. presidential administrations closed almost all access to asylum at the Southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One morning in March, on a patio behind a wooden fence along the canyon, classical music played from portable speakers as a teacher readied art supplies for her students. At this school, called Canyon Nest, all of the students, and many of the teachers, are migrants — many fleeing violence in their homelands — waiting to enter the U.S. The school serves over 100 students, ages 3 to 10, who attend free of charge, five days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten-year-old Gabriel is one of the first through the door and gives his teachers big hugs. He’s especially excited because tomorrow is his birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911188\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-scaled.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911188\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A teacher stands by a white board talking to young students who sit on the floor.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Walter Orlando Campos teaches math to elementary school-age students at Canyon Nest school on March 10, 2022. Campos recently fled his native Honduras, after threats of violence were made against his community. \u003ccite>(Max Rivlin-Nadler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gabriel came here with his mother and 4-year-old brother in August, from the Mexican state of Michoacán, where drug cartel violence has exploded in recent years. He started attending the school in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I like most here is to help my classmates with the subjects they have difficulties with,” Gabriel said in Spanish, explaining that he’s one of the older students at the school and already knows some of the material being taught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the patio is his favorite place at the school, which is filled with playground equipment, toys and even a resident kitten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school, run by \u003ca href=\"https://www.pilaglobal.org/\">PILAglobal\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based nonprofit, opened its first school in 2018 in a more residential Tijuana neighborhood to accommodate kids in the large migrant caravans that began arriving in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-scaled.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911189\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A group of young students sit at a table doing math problems, with a teaching standing overhead.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at Canyon Nest school, all of whom are migrants waiting to enter the United States, work on math problems on March 10, 2022. \u003ccite>(Max Rivlin-Nadler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But after learning of the thousands of migrants crowded together in this canyon, the program quickly marshaled resources to build a new location here, which opened its doors in 2020 just before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization, which also operates school sites serving migrants in Greece, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zimbabwe, is funded by a variety of private donors and foundations, and partners with organizations like UNICEF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gabriel says he hopes to someday become an English teacher in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says here his favorite class is math, which is taught by Walter Orlando Campos, a veteran elementary school teacher from Honduras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Science, social studies, math, Spanish, art,” Orlando Campos said in Spanish, ticking off the subjects he taught back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-scaled.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"Stools for small children set up in front of easels, with blank pieces of paper.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Art supplies are set up for students on the patio of Canyon Nest shortly before students arrive in the morning on March 10, 2022. \u003ccite>(Max Rivlin-Nadler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Orlando Campos says he would have loved to stay in Honduras the rest of his life if conditions hadn't deteriorated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t want to go. I left because of the political crisis there,” he said. “It became too complicated for me to live there, and I saw no other way to escape the violence there than to leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orlando Campos has been in Tijuana since July, and says the school allows him to earn some extra money, and to continue teaching students.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"immigration\"]Working here also has benefited his own mental health, he says, which took a big hit after his life was uprooted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s my passion to teach students. When I arrived in Tijuana, I couldn’t find anywhere to work, I wasn’t happy at all, I couldn’t enjoy anything. But when I found [this school], I felt refreshed. The children transmit ... so much positivity,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school starts out every day with a song greeting each of its students. The goal, says PILAglobal CEO Lindsay Weissert, is to give children a break from the immense stress of migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All children deserve to feel valued, and all children deserve to have a space where they can just be children, away from adult conversation where past violence against them may be retold,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glenda Linares, the site’s program director, who migrated to the U.S. from El Salvador as a child, says the school also gives parents some much-needed time for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they go home to the shelter, the parents have attention and energy to be with their children. The parents are holding a lot of their own stories and journey, and their own trauma,” she said. Parenting classes, she notes, also are offered on weekends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to meet the growing demand, PILAglobal is now expanding the school into the hillside of the canyon and plans to be able to serve more children later this spring. The group also runs a mobile classroom that circulates to shelters in Tijuana, and a small playroom for children near the San Ysidro border crossing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-scaled.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"Two young students play with clay at a table, as a teacher supervises.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doris, a teacher's helper, supervises as students at Canyon Nest play with clay on March 10, 2022. \u003ccite>(Max Rivlin-Nadler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since August, Doris — who gave only her first name — has been working as a classroom helper at the school, which her daughter attends. The two fled violence in the Mexican state of Guerrero, and tried to cross the border into the U.S. last June, hoping to claim asylum. When border patrol agents thwarted their passage, they ended up at a nearby shelter and soon learned of the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doris says working is giving her a chance to feel positive about her life again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the kids call out to me on the street, ‘Teacher, teacher,’ I’m so proud they’re saying that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For over two years, thousands of migrants seeking refuge in the United States — many of them children — have crowded into a network of shelters here, as two successive U.S. presidential administrations closed almost all access to asylum at the Southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One morning in March, on a patio behind a wooden fence along the canyon, classical music played from portable speakers as a teacher readied art supplies for her students. At this school, called Canyon Nest, all of the students, and many of the teachers, are migrants — many fleeing violence in their homelands — waiting to enter the U.S. The school serves over 100 students, ages 3 to 10, who attend free of charge, five days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten-year-old Gabriel is one of the first through the door and gives his teachers big hugs. He’s especially excited because tomorrow is his birthday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911188\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-scaled.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911188\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A teacher stands by a white board talking to young students who sit on the floor.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7271-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Walter Orlando Campos teaches math to elementary school-age students at Canyon Nest school on March 10, 2022. Campos recently fled his native Honduras, after threats of violence were made against his community. \u003ccite>(Max Rivlin-Nadler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gabriel came here with his mother and 4-year-old brother in August, from the Mexican state of Michoacán, where drug cartel violence has exploded in recent years. He started attending the school in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I like most here is to help my classmates with the subjects they have difficulties with,” Gabriel said in Spanish, explaining that he’s one of the older students at the school and already knows some of the material being taught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the patio is his favorite place at the school, which is filled with playground equipment, toys and even a resident kitten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school, run by \u003ca href=\"https://www.pilaglobal.org/\">PILAglobal\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based nonprofit, opened its first school in 2018 in a more residential Tijuana neighborhood to accommodate kids in the large migrant caravans that began arriving in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-scaled.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911189\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"A group of young students sit at a table doing math problems, with a teaching standing overhead.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7279-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at Canyon Nest school, all of whom are migrants waiting to enter the United States, work on math problems on March 10, 2022. \u003ccite>(Max Rivlin-Nadler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But after learning of the thousands of migrants crowded together in this canyon, the program quickly marshaled resources to build a new location here, which opened its doors in 2020 just before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization, which also operates school sites serving migrants in Greece, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zimbabwe, is funded by a variety of private donors and foundations, and partners with organizations like UNICEF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gabriel says he hopes to someday become an English teacher in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says here his favorite class is math, which is taught by Walter Orlando Campos, a veteran elementary school teacher from Honduras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Science, social studies, math, Spanish, art,” Orlando Campos said in Spanish, ticking off the subjects he taught back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-scaled.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"Stools for small children set up in front of easels, with blank pieces of paper.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7226-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Art supplies are set up for students on the patio of Canyon Nest shortly before students arrive in the morning on March 10, 2022. \u003ccite>(Max Rivlin-Nadler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Orlando Campos says he would have loved to stay in Honduras the rest of his life if conditions hadn't deteriorated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t want to go. I left because of the political crisis there,” he said. “It became too complicated for me to live there, and I saw no other way to escape the violence there than to leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orlando Campos has been in Tijuana since July, and says the school allows him to earn some extra money, and to continue teaching students.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Working here also has benefited his own mental health, he says, which took a big hit after his life was uprooted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s my passion to teach students. When I arrived in Tijuana, I couldn’t find anywhere to work, I wasn’t happy at all, I couldn’t enjoy anything. But when I found [this school], I felt refreshed. The children transmit ... so much positivity,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school starts out every day with a song greeting each of its students. The goal, says PILAglobal CEO Lindsay Weissert, is to give children a break from the immense stress of migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All children deserve to feel valued, and all children deserve to have a space where they can just be children, away from adult conversation where past violence against them may be retold,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glenda Linares, the site’s program director, who migrated to the U.S. from El Salvador as a child, says the school also gives parents some much-needed time for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they go home to the shelter, the parents have attention and energy to be with their children. The parents are holding a lot of their own stories and journey, and their own trauma,” she said. Parenting classes, she notes, also are offered on weekends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to meet the growing demand, PILAglobal is now expanding the school into the hillside of the canyon and plans to be able to serve more children later this spring. The group also runs a mobile classroom that circulates to shelters in Tijuana, and a small playroom for children near the San Ysidro border crossing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11911186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-scaled.jpeg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11911186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"Two young students play with clay at a table, as a teacher supervises.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-1536x1152.jpeg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-2048x1536.jpeg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/IMG_7255-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doris, a teacher's helper, supervises as students at Canyon Nest play with clay on March 10, 2022. \u003ccite>(Max Rivlin-Nadler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since August, Doris — who gave only her first name — has been working as a classroom helper at the school, which her daughter attends. The two fled violence in the Mexican state of Guerrero, and tried to cross the border into the U.S. last June, hoping to claim asylum. When border patrol agents thwarted their passage, they ended up at a nearby shelter and soon learned of the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doris says working is giving her a chance to feel positive about her life again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Public School Enrollment Drops Below 6 Million for First Time in Decades",
"title": "California Public School Enrollment Drops Below 6 Million for First Time in Decades",
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"content": "\u003cp>For the first time in decades, fewer than 6 million students are enrolled in California's K-12 public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's according to new data released Monday by the state Department of Education, showing \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr22/yr22rel20.asp\">a decline in enrollment for the fifth straight year\u003c/a>. That downward trend is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2022/01/california-schools-budgets/\">stoking fears of additional budget cuts\u003c/a> and long-term financial instability for schools, whose funding is largely determined by total enrollment numbers and daily attendance levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among key takeaways from the newly released data:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Statewide enrollment for the 2021-22 school year — including traditional public \u003cem>and\u003c/em> charter schools — is at 5,892,240, down 1.8%, or about 110,000 students, from the previous year. That dip, however, is less steep than the 2.6% drop during the first year of the pandemic.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Compared to the last school year, enrollment this year dropped 3.6% for Black students, 1.9% for Asian Americans, 0.9% for Latinos and 4.9% for white students.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Grades one, four, seven and nine had the largest enrollment decreases this year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kindergarten enrollment increased slightly this school year over the prior year, although enrollment is still nowhere near prepandemic levels. Enrollment in 12th grade also ticked up slightly.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For the better part of a decade, public school enrollment has been in steady decline in California, due largely to a lack of affordable housing, according to education officials. But when the pandemic reached California, early job losses collided with that trend, exacerbating that decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Barrera, a board trustee at San Diego Unified, the state’s second-largest district, said families already were moving out of the district, especially families in gentrifying areas, resulting in disproportionate losses for schools in those neighborhoods. Then workers started to lose jobs in 2020, and more families had to relocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we opened up the schools last year, those schools had lower in-person attendance,” Barrera said. “It’s just more expensive for people with kids to live in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years before the pandemic, enrollment in traditional, noncharter public schools fell by about 1% a year. During the first year of the pandemic, however, enrollment dropped by more than 3%, or about 175,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even charter school enrollment slid, losing 12,600 students this year, a major reversal of historical trends. Since 2015, charter schools had seen only increases of at least 10,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/9333229/embed\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State education officials did not have a clear explanation for this sudden drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Charter Schools Association President Myrna Castrejón said this decline illustrates how charter schools “are facing the same statewide challenges as noncharter public schools.” She called for equitable funding for charters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For noncharter schools, much of the enrollment drop during the first year of the pandemic was due to tens of thousands of parents opting not to enroll their children in kindergarten. Most school campuses were closed at the time and children were learning online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, with school buildings open, kindergarten enrollment went up by more than 7,000 students, recovering slightly from last year’s 60,000-student plunge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enrollment numbers for first graders, however, dropped by 18,000 students this year — one of the steepest drops for a single grade level — suggesting that many students who were of kindergarten age in 2020 did not return to public schools for first grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State education officials would not comment on where those students went. Some school district officials said they also are looking for answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"education\"]“It’s a problem across all grade levels,” said Barrett Snider of Capitol Advisors, a lobbying firm for school districts. “We just aren’t sure where they’ve gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because most of California’s public schools are funded based on a combination of enrollment and attendance, small school districts are especially feeling the pain. Just a few students leaving can mean large chunks of money gone from their budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had declining enrollment since the turn of the century,” said Linda Irving, superintendent of Sebastopol Union School District. “As a school gets smaller, it gets more difficult to provide quality programming, like music classes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her 788-student district has been using one-time state grants to cover its costs, Irving said, but she needs a more permanent solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be depressing working at a school where the student population is shrinking, Irving said. Administrators have a marketing budget to attract more families, yet they also are being forced to cut staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was driving home from the gym yesterday, and I heard another superintendent on the radio,” Irving said. “We’re competing against each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brett McFadden, superintendent of the Nevada Joint Union High School District, said a large portion of the residents in his rural community work in the service industry and had to seek other jobs when businesses closed during the pandemic. Others left more recently, as the state began enforcing masking rules and issuing vaccine mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s tough to do exit interviews, but our takeaway is that people left because of jobs,” McFadden said. “Or they left because private schools weren’t enforcing mask mandates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to state data, the enrollment in McFadden's district was stable before the pandemic, at around 2,800 students. Enrollment is currently down to 2,605, and McFadden notes that he lost 197 students since the school year started, which translates to more than $2 million in lost funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Declining enrollment cannot be fixed,” he said. “I think we have to recognize that declining enrollment is part of broader demographic trends that are happening in our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Softening the blow\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State leaders are floating measures to lessen the pain of declining enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his proposed budget, Gov. Gavin Newsom said he would allow school districts to use a three-year average attendance rate to calculate next year’s funding. This could be a substantial help, especially because attendance at most schools plummeted during this year’s omicron surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Anthony Portantino, a Democrat from Glendale, authored \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB830\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Senate Bill 830\u003c/a>, which would pay districts based on enrollment rather than attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the policy debate over enrollment- versus attendance-based funding has been ongoing for years, Portantino said this is the right time to make the change because of the state’s surplus and the acute crisis schools are facing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School districts have to budget based on enrollment,” Portantino said. “It makes no sense to penalize them if you have absences throughout the year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under his proposal, districts would still be funded based on attendance but could apply for additional money based on enrollment. The bill would require that districts use 30% of the additional funding to address chronic absenteeism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these proposals might ease the fiscal effects of ebbing enrollments, district leaders still don’t have a clear picture of why \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2020/12/south-los-angeles-school-pandemic/\">so many students are leaving\u003c/a>. And many feel powerless to reverse the trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools have been reacting to a public-health crisis and trying to keep their lights on, so when kids disappear there’s not a lot of capacity to chase them down and see what happened,” said Snider, the lobbyist. “But I think that’s going to be a big focus as we climb out of this.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Statewide public school enrollment fell for the fifth year in a row, with about 110,000 fewer students in K-12 traditional and charter public schools this academic year, a roughly 1.8% drop from last year. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time in decades, fewer than 6 million students are enrolled in California's K-12 public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's according to new data released Monday by the state Department of Education, showing \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/nr/ne/yr22/yr22rel20.asp\">a decline in enrollment for the fifth straight year\u003c/a>. That downward trend is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2022/01/california-schools-budgets/\">stoking fears of additional budget cuts\u003c/a> and long-term financial instability for schools, whose funding is largely determined by total enrollment numbers and daily attendance levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among key takeaways from the newly released data:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Statewide enrollment for the 2021-22 school year — including traditional public \u003cem>and\u003c/em> charter schools — is at 5,892,240, down 1.8%, or about 110,000 students, from the previous year. That dip, however, is less steep than the 2.6% drop during the first year of the pandemic.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Compared to the last school year, enrollment this year dropped 3.6% for Black students, 1.9% for Asian Americans, 0.9% for Latinos and 4.9% for white students.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Grades one, four, seven and nine had the largest enrollment decreases this year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Kindergarten enrollment increased slightly this school year over the prior year, although enrollment is still nowhere near prepandemic levels. Enrollment in 12th grade also ticked up slightly.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For the better part of a decade, public school enrollment has been in steady decline in California, due largely to a lack of affordable housing, according to education officials. But when the pandemic reached California, early job losses collided with that trend, exacerbating that decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Barrera, a board trustee at San Diego Unified, the state’s second-largest district, said families already were moving out of the district, especially families in gentrifying areas, resulting in disproportionate losses for schools in those neighborhoods. Then workers started to lose jobs in 2020, and more families had to relocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we opened up the schools last year, those schools had lower in-person attendance,” Barrera said. “It’s just more expensive for people with kids to live in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years before the pandemic, enrollment in traditional, noncharter public schools fell by about 1% a year. During the first year of the pandemic, however, enrollment dropped by more than 3%, or about 175,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even charter school enrollment slid, losing 12,600 students this year, a major reversal of historical trends. Since 2015, charter schools had seen only increases of at least 10,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/9333229/embed\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State education officials did not have a clear explanation for this sudden drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Charter Schools Association President Myrna Castrejón said this decline illustrates how charter schools “are facing the same statewide challenges as noncharter public schools.” She called for equitable funding for charters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For noncharter schools, much of the enrollment drop during the first year of the pandemic was due to tens of thousands of parents opting not to enroll their children in kindergarten. Most school campuses were closed at the time and children were learning online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, with school buildings open, kindergarten enrollment went up by more than 7,000 students, recovering slightly from last year’s 60,000-student plunge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enrollment numbers for first graders, however, dropped by 18,000 students this year — one of the steepest drops for a single grade level — suggesting that many students who were of kindergarten age in 2020 did not return to public schools for first grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State education officials would not comment on where those students went. Some school district officials said they also are looking for answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s a problem across all grade levels,” said Barrett Snider of Capitol Advisors, a lobbying firm for school districts. “We just aren’t sure where they’ve gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because most of California’s public schools are funded based on a combination of enrollment and attendance, small school districts are especially feeling the pain. Just a few students leaving can mean large chunks of money gone from their budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had declining enrollment since the turn of the century,” said Linda Irving, superintendent of Sebastopol Union School District. “As a school gets smaller, it gets more difficult to provide quality programming, like music classes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her 788-student district has been using one-time state grants to cover its costs, Irving said, but she needs a more permanent solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be depressing working at a school where the student population is shrinking, Irving said. Administrators have a marketing budget to attract more families, yet they also are being forced to cut staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was driving home from the gym yesterday, and I heard another superintendent on the radio,” Irving said. “We’re competing against each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brett McFadden, superintendent of the Nevada Joint Union High School District, said a large portion of the residents in his rural community work in the service industry and had to seek other jobs when businesses closed during the pandemic. Others left more recently, as the state began enforcing masking rules and issuing vaccine mandates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s tough to do exit interviews, but our takeaway is that people left because of jobs,” McFadden said. “Or they left because private schools weren’t enforcing mask mandates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to state data, the enrollment in McFadden's district was stable before the pandemic, at around 2,800 students. Enrollment is currently down to 2,605, and McFadden notes that he lost 197 students since the school year started, which translates to more than $2 million in lost funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Declining enrollment cannot be fixed,” he said. “I think we have to recognize that declining enrollment is part of broader demographic trends that are happening in our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Softening the blow\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State leaders are floating measures to lessen the pain of declining enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his proposed budget, Gov. Gavin Newsom said he would allow school districts to use a three-year average attendance rate to calculate next year’s funding. This could be a substantial help, especially because attendance at most schools plummeted during this year’s omicron surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Anthony Portantino, a Democrat from Glendale, authored \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB830\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Senate Bill 830\u003c/a>, which would pay districts based on enrollment rather than attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the policy debate over enrollment- versus attendance-based funding has been ongoing for years, Portantino said this is the right time to make the change because of the state’s surplus and the acute crisis schools are facing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School districts have to budget based on enrollment,” Portantino said. “It makes no sense to penalize them if you have absences throughout the year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under his proposal, districts would still be funded based on attendance but could apply for additional money based on enrollment. The bill would require that districts use 30% of the additional funding to address chronic absenteeism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these proposals might ease the fiscal effects of ebbing enrollments, district leaders still don’t have a clear picture of why \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2020/12/south-los-angeles-school-pandemic/\">so many students are leaving\u003c/a>. And many feel powerless to reverse the trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools have been reacting to a public-health crisis and trying to keep their lights on, so when kids disappear there’s not a lot of capacity to chase them down and see what happened,” said Snider, the lobbyist. “But I think that’s going to be a big focus as we climb out of this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As Benito Luna-Herrera teaches his seventh grade social studies classes, he is on alert for signs of inner turmoil. And there is so much of it these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of his 12-year-old students felt her world was falling apart. Distance learning had upended her friendships. Things with her boyfriend were verging on violent. Her home life was stressful. “I’m just done with it,” the girl told Luna-Herrera during the pandemic, and shared a detailed plan to kill herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another student was typically a big jokester and full of confidence. But one day she told him she didn’t want to live anymore. She, too, had a plan in place to end her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna-Herrera is just one teacher, in one Southern California middle school, but stories of students in distress are increasingly common around the country. The silver lining is that special training helped him know what to look for and how to respond when he saw the signs of a mental emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pandemic started, experts have warned of a mental health crisis facing American children. That is now playing out at schools in the form of increased childhood depression, anxiety, panic attacks, eating disorders, fights and thoughts of suicide at alarming levels, according to interviews with teachers, administrators, education officials and mental health experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In lower-income areas, where adverse childhood experiences were high before the pandemic, the crisis is even more acute and compounded by a shortage of school staff and mental health professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna-Herrera, who teaches in a high-poverty area of the Mojave Desert, is among a small but growing number of California teachers to take a course called \u003ca href=\"https://www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org/population-focused-modules/youth/\">Youth Mental Health First Aid\u003c/a>. It teaches adults how to spot warning signs of mental health risks and substance abuse in children, and how to prevent a tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education funds the program for any school district requesting it, and the pandemic has accelerated moves to make such courses a requirement. The training program is operated by the National Council for Mental Wellbeing and is available in every state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to read about another teenager where there were warning signs and we looked the other way,” said Sen. Anthony Portantino, author of a bill that would require all California middle and high schools to train at least 75% of employees in behavioral health. “Teachers and school staff are on the front lines of a crisis, and need to be trained to spot students who are suffering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say that while childhood depression and anxiety had been on the rise for years, the pandemic's unrelenting stress and grief amplified the problems, particularly for those already experiencing mental health issues who were cut off from counselors and other school resources during distance learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For children, the issues with distance learning were not just academic, said Sharon Hoover, professor of child psychiatry at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and co-director of the National Center for School Mental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Child abuse and neglect increased during the pandemic, according to Hoover. For children in troubled homes, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/07/14/891119510/a-look-at-pandemic-s-impact-on-recovery-for-alcoholism-and-drug-addiction\">parents who were abusive or dealing with alcohol use disorder\u003c/a>, distance learning meant they had no escape. Those who lacked technology or had spotty internet connections were isolated even more than their peers and fell further behind academically and socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many children bounced back after the extended isolation, but for others, it may take longer.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\" Sen. Anthony Portantino\"]'I don't want to read about another teenager where there were warning signs and we looked the other way.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t assume that, ‘OK, we’re back in school, it’s been a few months and now everyone should be back to normal.’ That is not the case,” said Hoover.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Kids need help when returning to school\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Returning to school after months of isolation intensified the anxiety for some children. Teachers say students have greater difficulty focusing, concentrating or sitting still, and many need to relearn how to socialize and resolve conflicts face-to-face after prolonged immersion in screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids expected to pick up where they left off but some found friendships, and their ability to cope with social stress, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101888361/taking-stock-of-the-pandemics-toll-on-kids\">had changed\u003c/a>. Educators say they also see a concerning increase in apathy — about grades, how students treat each other and themselves — and a lot less empathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have never seen kids be so mean to each other in my life,” said Terrin Musbach, who trains teachers in mental health awareness and other social-emotional programs at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dnusd.org/\">Del Norte Unified School District\u003c/a>, a high-poverty district in rural Northern California. “There’s more school violence, there’s more vaping, there’s more substance abuse, there’s more sexual activity, there’s more suicide ideation, there’s more of every single behavior that we would be worried about in kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many states have mandated teacher training on suicide prevention over the last decade, and the pandemic prompted some to broaden the scope to include mental health awareness and supporting behavioral health needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But school districts nationwide also say they need more psychologists and counselors. The Hopeful Futures Campaign, a coalition of national mental health organizations, last month published a report that found \u003ca href=\"https://hopefulfutures.us/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final_Master_021522.pdf\">most states are struggling with mental health support in schools\u003c/a>. Only Idaho and the District of Columbia exceed the nationally recommended ratio of one psychologist per 500 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some states, including West Virginia, Missouri, Texas and Georgia, there is only one school psychologist for over 4,000 students, the report says. Similarly, few states meet the goal of one counselor per 250 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Joe Biden has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/budget_fy2023.pdf\">proposed $1 billion in new federal funding\u003c/a> to help schools hire more counselors and psychologists and bolster suicide prevention programs. That followed a rare pubic advisory in December from U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy on “the urgent need to address the nation's youth mental health crisis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2021, emergency room visits in the U.S. for suspected suicide attempts were 51% higher for adolescent girls and 4% higher for adolescent boys compared to the same period in 2019, according to research cited in the advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since California began offering the Youth Mental Health First Aid course in 2014, more than 8,000 teachers, administrators and school staff have been trained, said \u003ca href=\"https://steinberginstitute.org/champion/monica-nepomuceno/\">Monica Nepomuceno\u003c/a>, who oversees mental health programming at the California Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said much more needs to be done in the country’s largest state, which employs over 600,000 K-12 staff at schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course helps distinguish typical adolescent ways of dealing with stress — slamming doors, crying, bursts of anger — from warning signs of mental distress, which can be blatant or subtle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those signs can include when a child talks about dying or suicide, but also can be more nuanced, like saying, “I can’t do this anymore,” or “I’m tired of this,” said Tramaine EL-Amin, a spokesperson for the National Council for Mental Wellbeing. More than 550,000 K-12 educators across the country have taken the Youth Mental Health First Aid course since it launched in 2012, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes in behavior could be cause for concern — a child who stops a sport or activity they were passionate about without replacing it with another one; a typically put-together child who starts to look regularly unkempt; a student whose grades plummet or who stops handing in homework; a child who eats lunch alone and has stopped palling around with their friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After noticing something might be wrong, the course teaches that the next step is to ask the student without pressuring or casting judgment and letting them know you care and want to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes an adult can ask a question that causes more harm than good,” said Luna-Herrera, the social studies teacher at California City Middle School, a two-hour drive into the desert from Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He took the course in spring 2021 and two weeks later put it to use. It was during distance learning and a student had failed to show up for online tutoring, but he spotted her chatting online on the school’s distance learning platform, having a heated dispute with her then-boyfriend. Luna reached out to her privately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I asked her if she was OK,” he said. Little by little, the girl told Luna-Herrera about problems with friends and her boyfriend and problems at home that left her feeling alone and desperately unanchored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course tells adults to ask open-ended questions that keep the conversation going, and not to project themselves into an adolescent’s problems with comments like: \"You'll be fine,\" \"It's not that bad,\" \"I went through that,\" \"Try to ignore it.\" What might seem trivial to an adult can feel overwhelming for a young person, and failure to recognize that can be a conversation stopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 12-year-old told Luna-Herrera she had considered hurting herself. “Is that a recurring thought?” he asked, recalling how his heart started racing as she revealed her suicide plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like CPR first-aid training, the course teaches how to handle a crisis: Raise the alarm and get expert help. Do not leave a person contemplating suicide alone. As Luna-Herrera continued talking to the girl, he texted his school superintendent, who got the principal on the line. They called 911 and police rushed to the home, where they spoke to the girl and her mother, who was startled and unaware.[aside tag=\"education\" label=\"Related coverage\"]“He absolutely saved that child’s life,” said Mojave Unified Superintendent Katherine Aguirre, who oversees the district of about 3,000 students, the majority of whom are Latino and Black children from economically disadvantaged families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguirre recognized the need for behavioral health training early in the pandemic and through the Department of Education trained all of her employees, from teachers to yard supervisors and cafeteria workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's about awareness. And that Sandy Hook promise: If you see something, say something,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That did not happen with 14-year-old Taya Bruell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taya was a bright student who had started struggling with mental health issues at about 11, according to her father, Harry Bruell. At the time, the family lived in Boulder, Colorado, where Taya was hospitalized at one point for psychiatric care but kept up the trappings of a model student: She got straight A's, was co-leader of her high school writing club and in her spare time taught senior citizens to use computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a literature class, Taya was assigned to keep a journal. In it, she drew a disturbing portrait that showed self-harm and wrote about how much she hated her body and was hearing voices she wanted to silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her teacher read the assignment and wrote: “Taya, very thorough journal. I loved reading the entries. A+.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three months later, in February 2016, Taya killed herself. After her death, Taya’s parents discovered the journal in her room and brought it to the school, where they learned Taya’s teacher had not informed the school counselor or administrators of what she had seen. They don’t blame the teacher but will always wonder what would have happened if she had not ignored the signs of danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think the teacher wanted to hurt our daughter. I think she had no idea what to do when she read those stark warning signs in Taya’s journal,” said her father, who has since relocated with the family to Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believes legislation to require teacher training in behavioral health will save lives: “It teaches you to raise the alarm, and not just walk away, which is what happened to Taya.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know is having suicidal thoughts, reach out for help. The \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/\">\u003cem>National Suicide Prevention Lifeline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is open 24 hours a day at (800) 273-8255.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Schools in states across the US lack mental health professionals, but since California began offering the Youth Mental Health First Aid course in 2014, more than 8,000 teachers, administrators and school staff have been trained to spot signs of kids with mental health troubles.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As Benito Luna-Herrera teaches his seventh grade social studies classes, he is on alert for signs of inner turmoil. And there is so much of it these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of his 12-year-old students felt her world was falling apart. Distance learning had upended her friendships. Things with her boyfriend were verging on violent. Her home life was stressful. “I’m just done with it,” the girl told Luna-Herrera during the pandemic, and shared a detailed plan to kill herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another student was typically a big jokester and full of confidence. But one day she told him she didn’t want to live anymore. She, too, had a plan in place to end her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna-Herrera is just one teacher, in one Southern California middle school, but stories of students in distress are increasingly common around the country. The silver lining is that special training helped him know what to look for and how to respond when he saw the signs of a mental emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pandemic started, experts have warned of a mental health crisis facing American children. That is now playing out at schools in the form of increased childhood depression, anxiety, panic attacks, eating disorders, fights and thoughts of suicide at alarming levels, according to interviews with teachers, administrators, education officials and mental health experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In lower-income areas, where adverse childhood experiences were high before the pandemic, the crisis is even more acute and compounded by a shortage of school staff and mental health professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna-Herrera, who teaches in a high-poverty area of the Mojave Desert, is among a small but growing number of California teachers to take a course called \u003ca href=\"https://www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org/population-focused-modules/youth/\">Youth Mental Health First Aid\u003c/a>. It teaches adults how to spot warning signs of mental health risks and substance abuse in children, and how to prevent a tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education funds the program for any school district requesting it, and the pandemic has accelerated moves to make such courses a requirement. The training program is operated by the National Council for Mental Wellbeing and is available in every state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to read about another teenager where there were warning signs and we looked the other way,” said Sen. Anthony Portantino, author of a bill that would require all California middle and high schools to train at least 75% of employees in behavioral health. “Teachers and school staff are on the front lines of a crisis, and need to be trained to spot students who are suffering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say that while childhood depression and anxiety had been on the rise for years, the pandemic's unrelenting stress and grief amplified the problems, particularly for those already experiencing mental health issues who were cut off from counselors and other school resources during distance learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For children, the issues with distance learning were not just academic, said Sharon Hoover, professor of child psychiatry at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and co-director of the National Center for School Mental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Child abuse and neglect increased during the pandemic, according to Hoover. For children in troubled homes, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/07/14/891119510/a-look-at-pandemic-s-impact-on-recovery-for-alcoholism-and-drug-addiction\">parents who were abusive or dealing with alcohol use disorder\u003c/a>, distance learning meant they had no escape. Those who lacked technology or had spotty internet connections were isolated even more than their peers and fell further behind academically and socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many children bounced back after the extended isolation, but for others, it may take longer.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t assume that, ‘OK, we’re back in school, it’s been a few months and now everyone should be back to normal.’ That is not the case,” said Hoover.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Kids need help when returning to school\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Returning to school after months of isolation intensified the anxiety for some children. Teachers say students have greater difficulty focusing, concentrating or sitting still, and many need to relearn how to socialize and resolve conflicts face-to-face after prolonged immersion in screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids expected to pick up where they left off but some found friendships, and their ability to cope with social stress, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101888361/taking-stock-of-the-pandemics-toll-on-kids\">had changed\u003c/a>. Educators say they also see a concerning increase in apathy — about grades, how students treat each other and themselves — and a lot less empathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have never seen kids be so mean to each other in my life,” said Terrin Musbach, who trains teachers in mental health awareness and other social-emotional programs at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dnusd.org/\">Del Norte Unified School District\u003c/a>, a high-poverty district in rural Northern California. “There’s more school violence, there’s more vaping, there’s more substance abuse, there’s more sexual activity, there’s more suicide ideation, there’s more of every single behavior that we would be worried about in kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many states have mandated teacher training on suicide prevention over the last decade, and the pandemic prompted some to broaden the scope to include mental health awareness and supporting behavioral health needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But school districts nationwide also say they need more psychologists and counselors. The Hopeful Futures Campaign, a coalition of national mental health organizations, last month published a report that found \u003ca href=\"https://hopefulfutures.us/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final_Master_021522.pdf\">most states are struggling with mental health support in schools\u003c/a>. Only Idaho and the District of Columbia exceed the nationally recommended ratio of one psychologist per 500 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some states, including West Virginia, Missouri, Texas and Georgia, there is only one school psychologist for over 4,000 students, the report says. Similarly, few states meet the goal of one counselor per 250 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Joe Biden has \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/budget_fy2023.pdf\">proposed $1 billion in new federal funding\u003c/a> to help schools hire more counselors and psychologists and bolster suicide prevention programs. That followed a rare pubic advisory in December from U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy on “the urgent need to address the nation's youth mental health crisis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2021, emergency room visits in the U.S. for suspected suicide attempts were 51% higher for adolescent girls and 4% higher for adolescent boys compared to the same period in 2019, according to research cited in the advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since California began offering the Youth Mental Health First Aid course in 2014, more than 8,000 teachers, administrators and school staff have been trained, said \u003ca href=\"https://steinberginstitute.org/champion/monica-nepomuceno/\">Monica Nepomuceno\u003c/a>, who oversees mental health programming at the California Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said much more needs to be done in the country’s largest state, which employs over 600,000 K-12 staff at schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course helps distinguish typical adolescent ways of dealing with stress — slamming doors, crying, bursts of anger — from warning signs of mental distress, which can be blatant or subtle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those signs can include when a child talks about dying or suicide, but also can be more nuanced, like saying, “I can’t do this anymore,” or “I’m tired of this,” said Tramaine EL-Amin, a spokesperson for the National Council for Mental Wellbeing. More than 550,000 K-12 educators across the country have taken the Youth Mental Health First Aid course since it launched in 2012, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes in behavior could be cause for concern — a child who stops a sport or activity they were passionate about without replacing it with another one; a typically put-together child who starts to look regularly unkempt; a student whose grades plummet or who stops handing in homework; a child who eats lunch alone and has stopped palling around with their friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After noticing something might be wrong, the course teaches that the next step is to ask the student without pressuring or casting judgment and letting them know you care and want to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes an adult can ask a question that causes more harm than good,” said Luna-Herrera, the social studies teacher at California City Middle School, a two-hour drive into the desert from Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He took the course in spring 2021 and two weeks later put it to use. It was during distance learning and a student had failed to show up for online tutoring, but he spotted her chatting online on the school’s distance learning platform, having a heated dispute with her then-boyfriend. Luna reached out to her privately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I asked her if she was OK,” he said. Little by little, the girl told Luna-Herrera about problems with friends and her boyfriend and problems at home that left her feeling alone and desperately unanchored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The course tells adults to ask open-ended questions that keep the conversation going, and not to project themselves into an adolescent’s problems with comments like: \"You'll be fine,\" \"It's not that bad,\" \"I went through that,\" \"Try to ignore it.\" What might seem trivial to an adult can feel overwhelming for a young person, and failure to recognize that can be a conversation stopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 12-year-old told Luna-Herrera she had considered hurting herself. “Is that a recurring thought?” he asked, recalling how his heart started racing as she revealed her suicide plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like CPR first-aid training, the course teaches how to handle a crisis: Raise the alarm and get expert help. Do not leave a person contemplating suicide alone. As Luna-Herrera continued talking to the girl, he texted his school superintendent, who got the principal on the line. They called 911 and police rushed to the home, where they spoke to the girl and her mother, who was startled and unaware.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“He absolutely saved that child’s life,” said Mojave Unified Superintendent Katherine Aguirre, who oversees the district of about 3,000 students, the majority of whom are Latino and Black children from economically disadvantaged families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguirre recognized the need for behavioral health training early in the pandemic and through the Department of Education trained all of her employees, from teachers to yard supervisors and cafeteria workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's about awareness. And that Sandy Hook promise: If you see something, say something,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That did not happen with 14-year-old Taya Bruell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taya was a bright student who had started struggling with mental health issues at about 11, according to her father, Harry Bruell. At the time, the family lived in Boulder, Colorado, where Taya was hospitalized at one point for psychiatric care but kept up the trappings of a model student: She got straight A's, was co-leader of her high school writing club and in her spare time taught senior citizens to use computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a literature class, Taya was assigned to keep a journal. In it, she drew a disturbing portrait that showed self-harm and wrote about how much she hated her body and was hearing voices she wanted to silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her teacher read the assignment and wrote: “Taya, very thorough journal. I loved reading the entries. A+.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three months later, in February 2016, Taya killed herself. After her death, Taya’s parents discovered the journal in her room and brought it to the school, where they learned Taya’s teacher had not informed the school counselor or administrators of what she had seen. They don’t blame the teacher but will always wonder what would have happened if she had not ignored the signs of danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think the teacher wanted to hurt our daughter. I think she had no idea what to do when she read those stark warning signs in Taya’s journal,” said her father, who has since relocated with the family to Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believes legislation to require teacher training in behavioral health will save lives: “It teaches you to raise the alarm, and not just walk away, which is what happened to Taya.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know is having suicidal thoughts, reach out for help. The \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/\">\u003cem>National Suicide Prevention Lifeline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is open 24 hours a day at (800) 273-8255.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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