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"content": "\u003cp>President Donald Trump is \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1190995034163892226\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">threatening\u003c/a> to cut U.S. funding to California for aid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/search?q=fires&site=news\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">during wildfires\u003c/a> that have burned across the state during dry winds this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump tweeted Sunday that California Gov. Gavin Newsom has done a “terrible job of forest management.” He tweeted that when fires rage, the governor comes to the federal government for help. “No more,” the president tweeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1190995034163892226\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Get your act together Governor. You don’t see close to the level of burn in other states…But our teams are working well together in…putting these massive, and many, fires out,” Trump continued on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t believe in climate change. You are excused from this conversation,” Newsom responded on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/GavinNewsom/status/1191032777463889920\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the state controls just a small percentage of forest land. The federal government manages most of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year Trump made a similar threat as wildfires devastated Malibu and Paradise, California — accusing the state of “gross mismanagement” of forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time Newsom defended California’s wildfire prevention efforts while criticizing the federal government for not doing enough to help protect the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time the administration has threatened to cut off federal funding. Since he was elected, Trump has attacked California issues, from \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11195003/donald-trump-wants-to-cut-funding-from-sanctuary-cities-but-can-he\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sanctuary cities\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747776/trump-administration-pulls-1b-from-california-high-speed-rail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high speed rail\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/09/683731984/trump-threatens-to-cut-californias-fema-funding-for-wildfire-relief\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildfire aid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11782852,news_11783572,news_11775244' label='RELATED STORIES']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most recent California issues challenged by the Trump administration was whether or not the state can set its own greenhouse gas emissions and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783572/automakers-side-with-trump-administration-in-legal-fight-with-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fuel economy standards\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days after revoking the state’s right, the Environmental Protection Agency \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorecleanair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">threatened to withhold federal highway funds\u003c/a> if the state doesn’t improve air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General Motors, Fiat Chrysler,Toyota and the Association of Global Automakers, announced they \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11783572/automakers-side-with-trump-administration-in-legal-fight-with-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan to intervene\u003c/a> in a lawsuit filed by the Environmental Defense Fund against Trump’s administration, which is planning to roll back pollution and gas mileage standards that took effect under the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a September visit to California, the president \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11775244/trump-threatens-epa-action-against-san-francisco-over-homeless-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">alleged\u003c/a> that used needles and other waste from San Francisco’s homeless population is flowing through storm drains into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re in total violation — we’re going to be giving them a notice very soon,” Trump told reporters on Air Force One as he returned to Washington from the visit. “They have to clean it up. We can’t have our cities going to hell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>With information from KQED’s Marisa Lagos, Kevin Stark and Jon Brooks.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Evacuees Return as Cal Fire Contains Kincade Fire\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By Friday morning, Cal Fire crews had contained the Kincade Fire by roughly 70 percent. The blaze has burned more than 77,000 acres and destroyed more than 300 structures in Sonoma County. On Wednesday, evacuation orders began being lifted for parts of the county, allowing thousands to return to their homes in Santa Rosa, Windsor and other communities after spending several days in evacuation centers in Petaluma and Santa Rosa. Some evacuees are returning to homes that have been burned or damaged in the fire or are struggling with lost income or business from not only the fire but also power outages imposed by PG&E that shut off the lights beginning Saturday night for nearly 100,000 customers in Sonoma County alone.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Martha Bodell, Sonoma County business owner \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Terri Hardesty, Kincade Fire evacuee\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>House Democrats Pass Resolution on Impeachment Inquiry\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Thursday, House Democrats passed a resolution laying out the rules and procedures to guide their impeachment investigation into President Trump. The measure will also establish due process rights for the White House and marks a new public phase of the probe, which stems from a whistleblower’s complaint that Trump uged Ukraine’s president to open an investigation into Joe Biden and his son, Hunter, during a call in late July. Meanwhile, a decorated Army officer and Ukraine expert in the White House, Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, testified on Capitol Hill. Vindman is the first White House official to testify who listened in on the phone call between President Trump and Ukraine’s leader. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Marisa Lagos, KQED politics and government correspondent\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ron Elving, senior editor and correspondent, NPR \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Wildfire Smoke and Health\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Thursday, the Bay Area Air Quality Management District issued a fourth consecutive “Spare the Air” alert this week due to smoke from the Kincade Fire that has burned more than 77,000 acres in Sonoma County. Wildfire smoke contains particulate matter that can irritate airways and be harmful when inhaled into the lungs, especially for children and those with respiratory illnesses like asthma. And while a mask can help filter tiny airborne particles, it’s important to know the right one to use and the correct way to use it. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 1 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House of Representatives voted Thursday 232-196 to pass a resolution formalizing its impeachment inquiry into President Trump. Just two Democrats voted no — Reps. Collin Peterson of Minnesota and Jeff Van Drew of New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid the debate, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., called it a \"sad day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a sad day because nobody comes to Congress to impeach a president of the United States. No one,\" she told reporters. \"We come here to do the work, make the future better for our children, for America's future. We take an oath to protect and defend the Constitution, and that's what we cannot ignore and will not ignore when the president's behavior indicates that that investigation, that inquiry, is necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Democrats released \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/774380175\">a draft version of the resolution\u003c/a>, which outlines the next steps of the inquiry, on Tuesday. The resolution authorizes the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee to conduct open hearings and allows the president and his attorneys to cross-examine witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution also directs the House committees leading the inquiry to report their findings to the House Judiciary Committee, which will decide whether to recommend moving forward with articles of impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her press conference ahead of the vote, Pelosi pushed back on Republican claims that the process is a \"sham\" and unfair to the president. The procedures in the resolution are \"very transparent and open,\" she said, \"giving more privileges to the president and his argument than were given in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican leadership after the vote \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?465945-1/house-republicans-hold-news-conference-impeachment-inquiry-resolution-vote&live&vod\">slammed what they called a \"Soviet-style process.\"\u003c/a> House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy asserted, \"There's nothing the president did to be impeached.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Minority Whip Steve Scalise, R-La., noted that not only did all Republicans vote against the resolution, but so did two Democrats. \"The House deserves better, the people of this country deserve better. We should be tackling real problems,\" he said, arguing that Pelosi is \"infatuated\" with impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immediately after the vote, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1189927952168996865\">Trump tweeted\u003c/a>, \"The Greatest Witch Hunt In American History!\" Press secretary Stephanie Grisham called the proceedings \"illegitimate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The President has done nothing wrong, and the Democrats know it,\" she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witnesses continue to testify behind closed doors in the inquiry, which centers on whether Trump improperly pressed Ukraine — including by withholding military aid — to conduct investigations that would help him politically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's witness, Trump's Russia director Tim Morrison, is set to leave the National Security Council, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/30/774815627/trumps-russia-director-to-leave-national-security-council-amid-impeachment-inqui\">as NPR first reported\u003c/a>. On Wednesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/30/774541046/state-dept-officials-to-testify-giuliani-was-seen-as-obstacle-on-ukraine\">two State Department officials spoke with House investigators\u003c/a> about their work on U.S.-Ukraine issues and the role of Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani in Ukraine policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers also heard this week from Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, who testified about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/28/774266978/top-ukraine-expert-reported-concerns-about-trumps-july-call-with-ukraine-preside\">repeatedly raising concerns to his superiors\u003c/a> about Trump's demands that Ukraine investigate former Vice President Joe Biden and his son Hunter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/28/774256868/read-ukraine-expert-lt-col-alexander-vindmans-opening-statement\">Vindman also told lawmakers\u003c/a> that he feared Ukraine complying with the president's demands would lead to the loss of bipartisan support and would \"undermine U.S. national security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=House+Passes+Resolution+Formalizing+Impeachment+Inquiry&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 1 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House of Representatives voted Thursday 232-196 to pass a resolution formalizing its impeachment inquiry into President Trump. Just two Democrats voted no — Reps. Collin Peterson of Minnesota and Jeff Van Drew of New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid the debate, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., called it a \"sad day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a sad day because nobody comes to Congress to impeach a president of the United States. No one,\" she told reporters. \"We come here to do the work, make the future better for our children, for America's future. We take an oath to protect and defend the Constitution, and that's what we cannot ignore and will not ignore when the president's behavior indicates that that investigation, that inquiry, is necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Democrats released \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/774380175\">a draft version of the resolution\u003c/a>, which outlines the next steps of the inquiry, on Tuesday. The resolution authorizes the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee to conduct open hearings and allows the president and his attorneys to cross-examine witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution also directs the House committees leading the inquiry to report their findings to the House Judiciary Committee, which will decide whether to recommend moving forward with articles of impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her press conference ahead of the vote, Pelosi pushed back on Republican claims that the process is a \"sham\" and unfair to the president. The procedures in the resolution are \"very transparent and open,\" she said, \"giving more privileges to the president and his argument than were given in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican leadership after the vote \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?465945-1/house-republicans-hold-news-conference-impeachment-inquiry-resolution-vote&live&vod\">slammed what they called a \"Soviet-style process.\"\u003c/a> House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy asserted, \"There's nothing the president did to be impeached.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Minority Whip Steve Scalise, R-La., noted that not only did all Republicans vote against the resolution, but so did two Democrats. \"The House deserves better, the people of this country deserve better. We should be tackling real problems,\" he said, arguing that Pelosi is \"infatuated\" with impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immediately after the vote, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1189927952168996865\">Trump tweeted\u003c/a>, \"The Greatest Witch Hunt In American History!\" Press secretary Stephanie Grisham called the proceedings \"illegitimate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The President has done nothing wrong, and the Democrats know it,\" she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witnesses continue to testify behind closed doors in the inquiry, which centers on whether Trump improperly pressed Ukraine — including by withholding military aid — to conduct investigations that would help him politically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's witness, Trump's Russia director Tim Morrison, is set to leave the National Security Council, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/30/774815627/trumps-russia-director-to-leave-national-security-council-amid-impeachment-inqui\">as NPR first reported\u003c/a>. On Wednesday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/30/774541046/state-dept-officials-to-testify-giuliani-was-seen-as-obstacle-on-ukraine\">two State Department officials spoke with House investigators\u003c/a> about their work on U.S.-Ukraine issues and the role of Trump's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani in Ukraine policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers also heard this week from Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, who testified about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/28/774266978/top-ukraine-expert-reported-concerns-about-trumps-july-call-with-ukraine-preside\">repeatedly raising concerns to his superiors\u003c/a> about Trump's demands that Ukraine investigate former Vice President Joe Biden and his son Hunter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/28/774256868/read-ukraine-expert-lt-col-alexander-vindmans-opening-statement\">Vindman also told lawmakers\u003c/a> that he feared Ukraine complying with the president's demands would lead to the loss of bipartisan support and would \"undermine U.S. national security.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=House+Passes+Resolution+Formalizing+Impeachment+Inquiry&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON — General Motors, Fiat Chrysler, Toyota and many others in the auto industry are siding with the Trump administration in a lawsuit over whether California has the right to set its own greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three companies, plus a trade association called the Association of Global Automakers, said Monday they plan to intervene in a lawsuit filed by the Environmental Defense Fund against the administration, which is planning to roll back national pollution and gas mileage standards enacted under the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, most of the industry had taken the stance that it wanted one standard, and it preferred that California and the Trump administration work out differences to develop it. Negotiations haven’t gone anywhere, and in September, President Trump announced his administration would seek to revoke California’s congressionally granted authority to set standards that are stricter than those issued by federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11772675' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The automakers decided to intervene in the lawsuit over the issue of California’s right to set standards. By intervening, the automakers changed their stance to siding with the Trump administration against the state. The automakers’ group, called the Coalition for Sustainable Automotive Regulation, also includes Nissan, Hyundai, Kia, Isuzu, Maserati, McLaren, Aston-Martin and Ferrari.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The certainty of one national program, with reasonable, achievable standards, is the surest way to reduce emissions in the timeliest manner,” said John Bozzella, CEO of Global Automakers and spokesman for the coalition. “With our industry facing the possibility of multiple, overlapping and inconsistent standards that drive up costs and penalize consumers, we had an obligation to intervene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group made the decision to intervene on how the standards should be applied, Bozzella said, even though the group wanted more environmentally friendly standards than the only proposal released so far by the Trump administration. “There’s a middle ground that supports year-over-year increases in fuel economy,” and promotes electric cars and innovation, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='John Bozzella, CEO of Global Automakers']‘The certainty of one national program, with reasonable, achievable standards, is the surest way to reduce emissions in the timeliest manner. With our industry facing the possibility of multiple, overlapping and inconsistent standards that drive up costs and penalize consumers, we had an obligation to intervene.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four other major automakers — Ford, BMW, Honda and Volkswagen — reached a deal with California in July to toughen the gas mileage and greenhouse gas emissions standards, bypassing the Trump administration’s push to relax them nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford, BMW, Honda and Volkswagen signed the deal with the California Air Resources Board, the state’s air pollution regulator, which had been at odds with the Trump administration for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has proposed freezing the standards at 2021 levels through 2025. A final proposal is expected by the end of the year. Many automakers have said they support increasing the standards, but not as much as those affirmed in the waning days of the Obama administration in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Obama administration requirements, the fleet of new vehicles would have to average 30 mpg in real-world driving by 2021, rising to 36 mpg in 2025. Currently the standard is 26 mpg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration contends that freezing the fuel economy standards will reduce the average sticker price of new vehicles by about $2,700 by 2025, though that predicted savings is disputed by environmental groups and is more than double the EPA estimates from the prior administration. The administration says the freeze would make the roads safer by making newer, safer cars more affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say the figures don’t include money consumers would save at the gas pump if cars got better mileage. A study released by Consumer Reports in August found that the owner of a 2026 vehicle will pay over $3,300 more for gasoline during the life of a vehicle if the standards are frozen at 2021 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s authority to set its own, tougher emissions standards goes back to a waiver issued by Congress during passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970. In 2007, when Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger was governor, President George W. Bush’s administration denied California’s bid to place first-in-the-nation greenhouse gas limits on cars and trucks. But the state asked the EPA to reconsider its decision, and in 2009 — when Democratic President Barack Obama took office — the feds granted California’s request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has 35 million registered vehicles, the most of any state. A dozen other states and the District of Columbia also follow California’s fuel economy standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tom Krisher reported from Detroit.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON — General Motors, Fiat Chrysler, Toyota and many others in the auto industry are siding with the Trump administration in a lawsuit over whether California has the right to set its own greenhouse gas emissions and fuel economy standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three companies, plus a trade association called the Association of Global Automakers, said Monday they plan to intervene in a lawsuit filed by the Environmental Defense Fund against the administration, which is planning to roll back national pollution and gas mileage standards enacted under the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, most of the industry had taken the stance that it wanted one standard, and it preferred that California and the Trump administration work out differences to develop it. Negotiations haven’t gone anywhere, and in September, President Trump announced his administration would seek to revoke California’s congressionally granted authority to set standards that are stricter than those issued by federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The automakers decided to intervene in the lawsuit over the issue of California’s right to set standards. By intervening, the automakers changed their stance to siding with the Trump administration against the state. The automakers’ group, called the Coalition for Sustainable Automotive Regulation, also includes Nissan, Hyundai, Kia, Isuzu, Maserati, McLaren, Aston-Martin and Ferrari.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The certainty of one national program, with reasonable, achievable standards, is the surest way to reduce emissions in the timeliest manner,” said John Bozzella, CEO of Global Automakers and spokesman for the coalition. “With our industry facing the possibility of multiple, overlapping and inconsistent standards that drive up costs and penalize consumers, we had an obligation to intervene.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group made the decision to intervene on how the standards should be applied, Bozzella said, even though the group wanted more environmentally friendly standards than the only proposal released so far by the Trump administration. “There’s a middle ground that supports year-over-year increases in fuel economy,” and promotes electric cars and innovation, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The certainty of one national program, with reasonable, achievable standards, is the surest way to reduce emissions in the timeliest manner. With our industry facing the possibility of multiple, overlapping and inconsistent standards that drive up costs and penalize consumers, we had an obligation to intervene.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four other major automakers — Ford, BMW, Honda and Volkswagen — reached a deal with California in July to toughen the gas mileage and greenhouse gas emissions standards, bypassing the Trump administration’s push to relax them nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford, BMW, Honda and Volkswagen signed the deal with the California Air Resources Board, the state’s air pollution regulator, which had been at odds with the Trump administration for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has proposed freezing the standards at 2021 levels through 2025. A final proposal is expected by the end of the year. Many automakers have said they support increasing the standards, but not as much as those affirmed in the waning days of the Obama administration in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Obama administration requirements, the fleet of new vehicles would have to average 30 mpg in real-world driving by 2021, rising to 36 mpg in 2025. Currently the standard is 26 mpg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration contends that freezing the fuel economy standards will reduce the average sticker price of new vehicles by about $2,700 by 2025, though that predicted savings is disputed by environmental groups and is more than double the EPA estimates from the prior administration. The administration says the freeze would make the roads safer by making newer, safer cars more affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say the figures don’t include money consumers would save at the gas pump if cars got better mileage. A study released by Consumer Reports in August found that the owner of a 2026 vehicle will pay over $3,300 more for gasoline during the life of a vehicle if the standards are frozen at 2021 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s authority to set its own, tougher emissions standards goes back to a waiver issued by Congress during passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970. In 2007, when Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger was governor, President George W. Bush’s administration denied California’s bid to place first-in-the-nation greenhouse gas limits on cars and trucks. But the state asked the EPA to reconsider its decision, and in 2009 — when Democratic President Barack Obama took office — the feds granted California’s request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has 35 million registered vehicles, the most of any state. A dozen other states and the District of Columbia also follow California’s fuel economy standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tom Krisher reported from Detroit.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "As President Trump Tweets and Deletes, the Historical Record Takes Shape",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump made a high-profile, short-lived typo this past weekend when he referred to Defense Secretary Mark Esper as “Mark Esperanto” in a tweet that was deleted after an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made unprecedented use of Twitter from the Oval Office and regularly uses it to share thoughts and announcements on politics and diplomacy. For many experts, his penchant for deletion is cause for concern: Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/laws/1978-act.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1978 Presidential Records Act\u003c/a>, Trump’s electronic communications are considered public property, and living history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has spoken about the power of Twitter and the political importance of his tweets. He told \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/15/donald-trump-twitter-fox-news-interview-wiretapping\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fox News’ Tucker Carlson in 2017 \u003c/a>that he might not have been elected without the platform and viewed it as an effective means of communication as president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My use of social media is not Presidential — it’s MODERN DAY PRESIDENTIAL,” he \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/881281755017355264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted \u003c/a>in July 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/881281755017355264\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s tweets are an important window into his communications with other politicians, his supporters and the public, said Dan Mahaffee, senior vice president and director of policy at the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether you support the president or not, this is similar to how [Franklin Delano Roosevelt] approached fireside chats or how John F. Kennedy used television to relate to his supporters and the American people,” Mahaffee said. “And each time you get into a new technology of communication, that record is very revealing in how technology was used and how the president thought it helped achieve his goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to complete presidential records makes fuller historical research and scholarship possible. For instance, new work on the early years of the Cold War is only coming out now that certain documents and parts of the policy record are declassified, Mahaffee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s tweets constitute an important part of the presidential record and should be preserved for the public as such, according to Sarah Quigley, the chairperson of the Society of American Archivists’ Committee on Public Policy. Quigley believes this issue is as much about statutory compliance as it as about democratic health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Records of the federal government and of the executive office are how we hold our elected officials accountable for their decisions and for the actions that they take on our behalf and the way that we know what they do … and judge the decisions that they’re making is through access to these records,” Quigley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Stakes of Twitter Diplomacy\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://s22.q4cdn.com/826641620/files/doc_financials/2019/q1/Q1-2019-Slide-Presentation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter says\u003c/a> about 40% of its 330 million monthly active users visit the site on a daily basis, a relatively small audience compared with those of \u003ca href=\"https://zephoria.com/top-15-valuable-facebook-statistics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/20/instagram-1-billion-users/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Instagram\u003c/a>. But the platform wields disproportionate amounts of influence, experts say, because of who uses it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that Twitter is an important platform if for no other reason that some very high-profile political figures, the president included, have made it their platform of choice,” said R. Kelly Garrett, a professor at the Ohio State University’s School of Communication who researches online political communication. He compared Twitter to a “personal newswire,” as journalists amplify what politicians tweet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president joined Twitter as\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> @realDonaldTrump\u003c/a> in 2009, well before he officially entered politics. And though he \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/20/us/politics/trump-takes-over-the-potus-account-on-twitter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inherited the @POTUS account\u003c/a> upon inauguration, the president has continued to tweet from his original handle, so the official account consists mostly of retweets from his personal account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11783060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11783060\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/esperanto_custom-587ce658168423e8ed1e467e89338674e330482b-s800-c85-800x382.jpg\" alt=\"Screengrab of deleted Trump tweet\" width=\"800\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/esperanto_custom-587ce658168423e8ed1e467e89338674e330482b-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/esperanto_custom-587ce658168423e8ed1e467e89338674e330482b-s800-c85-160x76.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screengrab of deleted Trump tweet from Oct. 20. \u003ccite>(PolitWoops/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Shontavia Johnson, an attorney who focuses on the intersection of law and social media, Trump’s tweets should be considered part of the presidential record no matter which account publishes them because of their political import and historical significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She cited examples of such tweets from the last several years: \u003ca href=\"https://media-cdn.factba.se/realdonaldtrump-twitter/817328258085769218.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one\u003c/a> stating Mexico would reimburse Americans for Trump’s proposed border wall,\u003ca href=\"https://media-cdn.factba.se/realdonaldtrump-twitter/810099766063493120.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> one\u003c/a> accusing China of stealing a U.S. Navy research drone, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/nov/29/donald-trump-theresa-may-tweet-uk-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one\u003c/a> rebuking then-British Prime Minister Theresa May but tagging the wrong username, and \u003ca href=\"https://media-cdn.factba.se/realdonaldtrump-twitter/811555413942566912.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one\u003c/a> disparaging the Electoral College system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though it’s a ‘unofficial’ Twitter account, it is being used to create or provoke responses that certainly have diplomatic national ripple effects,” Johnson said. “So I don’t think the fact that it’s @realDonaldTrump means that those tweets are not presidential records.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Reason for the Record\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Congress passed the Presidential Records Act in 1978 out of concern that President Richard Nixon would destroy the tapes that ultimately led to his resignation. The law designated records of the president and executive office as public property and established guidelines for their preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The act \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/about/laws/presidential-records.html#2202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defines presidential records\u003c/a> as any materials created or received by the president “in the course of conducting activities which relate to or have an effect upon the carrying out of the constitutional, statutory, or other official or ceremonial duties of the President.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It excludes personal records like diaries and allows presidents to dispose of certain public records “once the views of the Archivist of the United States on the proposed disposal have been obtained in writing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the act, presidents could do whatever they pleased with their papers upon leaving office, said Johnson. Many intentionally destroyed their record to protect their personal privacy or national security interests. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/ndl/ndldemo/coolidge1/coolnotes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">President Calvin Coolidge destroyed\u003c/a> most of his personal papers, leaving his private secretary scrambling to preserve whatever he could. Even some of President Abraham Lincoln’s papers were destroyed by his son, Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin Delano Roosevelt established the informal tradition of donating his presidential records back to the people in the form of a presidential library, according to Quigley. This tradition was formally codified by the Records Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/113/plaws/publ187/PLAW-113publ187.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Presidential and Federal Records Amendments of 2014\u003c/a> expanded the PRA’s definition of records to include electronic content, which Johnson said has been interpreted as an umbrella term encompassing text messages, emails, social media and the like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the media that makes it a record, or the platform, it’s the content,” Quigley said. “A presidential record is anything — any record, on any platform or in any media — created by the president or his office in the conduct of his business as president. And all of those records are considered permanent by the National Archives and the Presidential Records Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Archives in the Digital Age\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama was the first to tweet as @POTUS, and his administration complied with the 2014 amendments by\u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/60fd5d6a7ad942a083d1e6388b0c7b87\"> auto-archiving his posts\u003c/a>. It also published a \u003ca href=\"http://obamawhitehouse.gov.archivesocial.com/\">searchable archive\u003c/a> of Obama’s tweets shortly before he left office in January 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama used Twitter unprecedentedly, but differently than his successor did. He joined Twitter as @BarackObama in 2007, though a \u003ca href=\"https://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/obama-starts-tweeting-for-himself/\">White House spokesman said\u003c/a> Democratic National Committee staffers authored posts from that account. Obama also tweeted through the @WhiteHouse account, which was run solely by White House staffers until 2011, when he \u003ca href=\"https://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/obama-starts-tweeting-for-himself/\">started writing and initialing\u003c/a> his own occasional tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unclear how the Trump administration is preserving his tweets, according to experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='left' citation='Dan Mahaffee']‘Whether you support the president or not, this is similar to how [Franklin Delano Roosevelt] approached fireside chats or how John F. Kennedy used television to relate to his supporters and the American people.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4672393/sean-spicer-presidents-tweets-official-statements\">said in 2017 \u003c/a>that Trump’s tweets should be considered official statements. Kelly Love, then a White House spokeswoman, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/18/politics/presidential-records-act-donald-trump-twitter/index.html\">told CNN that same year\u003c/a> that the administration had “systems in place to capture all tweets and preserve them as presidential records; even if they have been deleted,” but it did not elaborate on whether those systems applied equally to both accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Sens. Claire McCaskill and Tom Carper voiced concerns about the Trump administration’s compliance with the Records Act in \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/press/press-releases/2017-03-07-mccaskill-carper-letter%20to-aotus%283%29.pdf\">a letter\u003c/a> to Archivist of the United States David Ferriero. They specifically asked whether the National Records and Archives Administration had determined if Trump’s altered or deleted tweets constituted presidential records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/press/press-releases/aotus-to-sens-mccaskill-carper.pdf\">Ferriero responded\u003c/a> that “records management authority is vested in the president” and that the agency does not make such determinations but rather “provides advice and guidance concerning the Records Act upon the request of the White House.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“NARA has advised the White House that it should capture and preserve all tweets that the President posts in the course of his official duties, including those that are subsequently deleted, as Presidential records, and NARA has been informed by White House officials that they are, in fact, doing so,” Ferriera wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about preserving the president’s tweets, including deleted tweets, the White House told NPR in a statement, “The White House complies with the relevant records laws, including as they apply to social media platforms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/presidential-records-guidance.pdf\">Official guidance on presidential records preservation\u003c/a> says records are automatically transferred to the legal custody of NARA and the Archivist of the United States at the end of each administration. The Records Act permits public access to these records after five years, and they will ultimately be preserved and housed in a presidential library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> [aside tag='twitter' label='RELATED STORIES']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means the extent of the Trump administration’s records preservation may not be apparent for some time. Once established, digital and physical archives are governed by the same rules and restrictions, Quigley said, even if digital records are easier to access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally speaking, the access policies are the same with that one difference where digital records are already digital and don’t require reformatting to make them available online,” Quigley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Pros and Cons of the Internet Stepping In\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, several grassroots entities have taken it upon themselves to document Trump’s tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Websites such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.trumptwitterarchive.com\">Trump Twitter Archive\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://factba.se/topic/deleted-tweets\">Factba.se\u003c/a> have archived the president’s Twitter account in its entirety, and the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/politwoops/user/realDonaldTrump\">Politwoops database\u003c/a>, which is maintained by ProPublica and the Sunlight Foundation, preserves the deleted tweets of Trump and other politicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s natural that in a digital era, one that gives us Wikipedia, you’re going to see a lot more crowdsourcing of presidential history, presidential records,” said Mahaffee, of the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts expressed mixed views on these grassroots efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quigley, from the Society of American Archivists, said she understands why ordinary citizens may distrust the government and want to hold it accountable themselves, but believes they should not have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always heartening when citizens or activist organizations sort of get involved in these issues and take responsibility for the preservation and maintenance of these documents, and recognize their ongoing value,” Quigley said. “But the fact remains that this is an obligation of the executive office and it is not the responsibility of the people to be doing this work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said while these websites and databases perform an important function, they could have “unintended consequences.” For example, she said, presidents prior to the digital age had more “wiggle room” to make mistakes such as typos in their communications with the public. And while she believes preserving this record is important, she recognizes that digitally documenting every typo “creates so much information that sometimes it can be hard for people to understand the importance of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What’s Next for Presidential Records Preservation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Because each president has their own relationship to NARA and the Records Act, it is unclear what, if any, precedent the Trump administration is setting with its handling of tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presidents have always been reluctant to make their records public, and in that sense, this is nothing new, Quigley said. For example, President George W. Bush \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/eo/eo-13233.htm\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> in 2001 that limited the public’s ability to access presidential records. It was revoked by President Barack Obama in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difference with President Trump is that he uses Twitter in a way that no one has before, and is using it as a policy platform in a way that other presidents have not,” Quigley said. “And that makes it a more critical document.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782857\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11782857\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/trump-screenshot-8d0458835d31db31a6fb66f8e5b2f0d4618e5fd1.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a tweet by President Trump \" width=\"331\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/trump-screenshot-8d0458835d31db31a6fb66f8e5b2f0d4618e5fd1.jpg 331w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/trump-screenshot-8d0458835d31db31a6fb66f8e5b2f0d4618e5fd1-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tweet by President Trump caused a stir with its mention of “negative press covfefe.” \u003ccite>( @POTUS/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If future presidents continue to use the platform this way, the importance of archiving and accessing tweets will grow, Quigley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Desus Nice\"]‘The challenge is when you write a very prescriptive law regime, how do you ensure that you have the flexibility for, you know, God forbid, who’s going to be the first president or candidate on TikTok?’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Records Act provides guidance for record management but offers no way to check or enforce the executive office if it does not comply, Johnson said. She pointed to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizensforethics.org/lawsuit/crew-v-donald-j-trump-executive-office-president/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2017 case pending on appeal to the D.C. Circuit Court\u003c/a> that alleges in part that Trump’s deletion of tweets violates the Records Act. While the U.S. District Court acknowledged the underlying arguments had merit, it dismissed the case because it lacked “\u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/storage.citizensforethics.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/22181249/2018-3-20-Dkt.-21-Memorandum-Opinion.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a valid cause of action … to proceed to the merits\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law creates a really clear system, but it’s a system that can’t be checked once the President makes a decision to create, manage or delete a given record,” Johnson explained. “It really doesn’t give private citizens a way to sue the president if they think he’s violated any of the standards within the act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have also been recent legislative efforts to modernize the Records Act. Rep. Mike Quigley, D-Ill., introduced the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/12/532651827/the-covfefe-act-has-a-silly-name-but-it-addresses-a-real-quandary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COVFEFE Act\u003c/a> — an acronym drawn from one of Trump’s most well-known, ultimately-deleted \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/31/530861002/trump-asks-who-can-figure-out-covfefe-and-the-internets-hands-shoot-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweets\u003c/a> — in 2017, which would explicitly include the term “social media” in the Records Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahaffee believes amending the Records Act is important but “low-hanging fruit,” as technology will always move faster than law. He said it comes down to a culture of transparency that presidents should be cultivating in their administrations from their first day onward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The challenge is when you write a very prescriptive law regime, how do you ensure that you have the flexibility for, you know, God forbid, who’s going to be the first president or candidate on TikTok?” Mahaffee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel Treisman is an intern on NPR’s National Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+President+Trump+Tweets+And+Deletes%2C+The+Historical+Record+Takes+Shape&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Trump's tweets are considered part of the presidential record, which federal law says must be preserved. His deleted posts are alarming experts and prompting grassroots archival efforts.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump made a high-profile, short-lived typo this past weekend when he referred to Defense Secretary Mark Esper as “Mark Esperanto” in a tweet that was deleted after an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made unprecedented use of Twitter from the Oval Office and regularly uses it to share thoughts and announcements on politics and diplomacy. For many experts, his penchant for deletion is cause for concern: Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/laws/1978-act.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1978 Presidential Records Act\u003c/a>, Trump’s electronic communications are considered public property, and living history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has spoken about the power of Twitter and the political importance of his tweets. He told \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/mar/15/donald-trump-twitter-fox-news-interview-wiretapping\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fox News’ Tucker Carlson in 2017 \u003c/a>that he might not have been elected without the platform and viewed it as an effective means of communication as president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My use of social media is not Presidential — it’s MODERN DAY PRESIDENTIAL,” he \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/881281755017355264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweeted \u003c/a>in July 2017.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s tweets are an important window into his communications with other politicians, his supporters and the public, said Dan Mahaffee, senior vice president and director of policy at the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether you support the president or not, this is similar to how [Franklin Delano Roosevelt] approached fireside chats or how John F. Kennedy used television to relate to his supporters and the American people,” Mahaffee said. “And each time you get into a new technology of communication, that record is very revealing in how technology was used and how the president thought it helped achieve his goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to complete presidential records makes fuller historical research and scholarship possible. For instance, new work on the early years of the Cold War is only coming out now that certain documents and parts of the policy record are declassified, Mahaffee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s tweets constitute an important part of the presidential record and should be preserved for the public as such, according to Sarah Quigley, the chairperson of the Society of American Archivists’ Committee on Public Policy. Quigley believes this issue is as much about statutory compliance as it as about democratic health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Records of the federal government and of the executive office are how we hold our elected officials accountable for their decisions and for the actions that they take on our behalf and the way that we know what they do … and judge the decisions that they’re making is through access to these records,” Quigley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Stakes of Twitter Diplomacy\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://s22.q4cdn.com/826641620/files/doc_financials/2019/q1/Q1-2019-Slide-Presentation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter says\u003c/a> about 40% of its 330 million monthly active users visit the site on a daily basis, a relatively small audience compared with those of \u003ca href=\"https://zephoria.com/top-15-valuable-facebook-statistics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2018/06/20/instagram-1-billion-users/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Instagram\u003c/a>. But the platform wields disproportionate amounts of influence, experts say, because of who uses it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that Twitter is an important platform if for no other reason that some very high-profile political figures, the president included, have made it their platform of choice,” said R. Kelly Garrett, a professor at the Ohio State University’s School of Communication who researches online political communication. He compared Twitter to a “personal newswire,” as journalists amplify what politicians tweet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president joined Twitter as\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> @realDonaldTrump\u003c/a> in 2009, well before he officially entered politics. And though he \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/20/us/politics/trump-takes-over-the-potus-account-on-twitter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inherited the @POTUS account\u003c/a> upon inauguration, the president has continued to tweet from his original handle, so the official account consists mostly of retweets from his personal account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11783060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11783060\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/esperanto_custom-587ce658168423e8ed1e467e89338674e330482b-s800-c85-800x382.jpg\" alt=\"Screengrab of deleted Trump tweet\" width=\"800\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/esperanto_custom-587ce658168423e8ed1e467e89338674e330482b-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/esperanto_custom-587ce658168423e8ed1e467e89338674e330482b-s800-c85-160x76.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screengrab of deleted Trump tweet from Oct. 20. \u003ccite>(PolitWoops/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Shontavia Johnson, an attorney who focuses on the intersection of law and social media, Trump’s tweets should be considered part of the presidential record no matter which account publishes them because of their political import and historical significance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She cited examples of such tweets from the last several years: \u003ca href=\"https://media-cdn.factba.se/realdonaldtrump-twitter/817328258085769218.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one\u003c/a> stating Mexico would reimburse Americans for Trump’s proposed border wall,\u003ca href=\"https://media-cdn.factba.se/realdonaldtrump-twitter/810099766063493120.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> one\u003c/a> accusing China of stealing a U.S. Navy research drone, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/nov/29/donald-trump-theresa-may-tweet-uk-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one\u003c/a> rebuking then-British Prime Minister Theresa May but tagging the wrong username, and \u003ca href=\"https://media-cdn.factba.se/realdonaldtrump-twitter/811555413942566912.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one\u003c/a> disparaging the Electoral College system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though it’s a ‘unofficial’ Twitter account, it is being used to create or provoke responses that certainly have diplomatic national ripple effects,” Johnson said. “So I don’t think the fact that it’s @realDonaldTrump means that those tweets are not presidential records.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Reason for the Record\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Congress passed the Presidential Records Act in 1978 out of concern that President Richard Nixon would destroy the tapes that ultimately led to his resignation. The law designated records of the president and executive office as public property and established guidelines for their preservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The act \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/about/laws/presidential-records.html#2202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defines presidential records\u003c/a> as any materials created or received by the president “in the course of conducting activities which relate to or have an effect upon the carrying out of the constitutional, statutory, or other official or ceremonial duties of the President.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It excludes personal records like diaries and allows presidents to dispose of certain public records “once the views of the Archivist of the United States on the proposed disposal have been obtained in writing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the act, presidents could do whatever they pleased with their papers upon leaving office, said Johnson. Many intentionally destroyed their record to protect their personal privacy or national security interests. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/ndl/ndldemo/coolidge1/coolnotes.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">President Calvin Coolidge destroyed\u003c/a> most of his personal papers, leaving his private secretary scrambling to preserve whatever he could. Even some of President Abraham Lincoln’s papers were destroyed by his son, Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin Delano Roosevelt established the informal tradition of donating his presidential records back to the people in the form of a presidential library, according to Quigley. This tradition was formally codified by the Records Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/113/plaws/publ187/PLAW-113publ187.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Presidential and Federal Records Amendments of 2014\u003c/a> expanded the PRA’s definition of records to include electronic content, which Johnson said has been interpreted as an umbrella term encompassing text messages, emails, social media and the like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the media that makes it a record, or the platform, it’s the content,” Quigley said. “A presidential record is anything — any record, on any platform or in any media — created by the president or his office in the conduct of his business as president. And all of those records are considered permanent by the National Archives and the Presidential Records Act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Archives in the Digital Age\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama was the first to tweet as @POTUS, and his administration complied with the 2014 amendments by\u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/60fd5d6a7ad942a083d1e6388b0c7b87\"> auto-archiving his posts\u003c/a>. It also published a \u003ca href=\"http://obamawhitehouse.gov.archivesocial.com/\">searchable archive\u003c/a> of Obama’s tweets shortly before he left office in January 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama used Twitter unprecedentedly, but differently than his successor did. He joined Twitter as @BarackObama in 2007, though a \u003ca href=\"https://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/obama-starts-tweeting-for-himself/\">White House spokesman said\u003c/a> Democratic National Committee staffers authored posts from that account. Obama also tweeted through the @WhiteHouse account, which was run solely by White House staffers until 2011, when he \u003ca href=\"https://gadgetwise.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/20/obama-starts-tweeting-for-himself/\">started writing and initialing\u003c/a> his own occasional tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unclear how the Trump administration is preserving his tweets, according to experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4672393/sean-spicer-presidents-tweets-official-statements\">said in 2017 \u003c/a>that Trump’s tweets should be considered official statements. Kelly Love, then a White House spokeswoman, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2017/02/18/politics/presidential-records-act-donald-trump-twitter/index.html\">told CNN that same year\u003c/a> that the administration had “systems in place to capture all tweets and preserve them as presidential records; even if they have been deleted,” but it did not elaborate on whether those systems applied equally to both accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Sens. Claire McCaskill and Tom Carper voiced concerns about the Trump administration’s compliance with the Records Act in \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/press/press-releases/2017-03-07-mccaskill-carper-letter%20to-aotus%283%29.pdf\">a letter\u003c/a> to Archivist of the United States David Ferriero. They specifically asked whether the National Records and Archives Administration had determined if Trump’s altered or deleted tweets constituted presidential records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/press/press-releases/aotus-to-sens-mccaskill-carper.pdf\">Ferriero responded\u003c/a> that “records management authority is vested in the president” and that the agency does not make such determinations but rather “provides advice and guidance concerning the Records Act upon the request of the White House.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“NARA has advised the White House that it should capture and preserve all tweets that the President posts in the course of his official duties, including those that are subsequently deleted, as Presidential records, and NARA has been informed by White House officials that they are, in fact, doing so,” Ferriera wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about preserving the president’s tweets, including deleted tweets, the White House told NPR in a statement, “The White House complies with the relevant records laws, including as they apply to social media platforms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/presidential-records-guidance.pdf\">Official guidance on presidential records preservation\u003c/a> says records are automatically transferred to the legal custody of NARA and the Archivist of the United States at the end of each administration. The Records Act permits public access to these records after five years, and they will ultimately be preserved and housed in a presidential library.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means the extent of the Trump administration’s records preservation may not be apparent for some time. Once established, digital and physical archives are governed by the same rules and restrictions, Quigley said, even if digital records are easier to access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally speaking, the access policies are the same with that one difference where digital records are already digital and don’t require reformatting to make them available online,” Quigley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Pros and Cons of the Internet Stepping In\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, several grassroots entities have taken it upon themselves to document Trump’s tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Websites such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.trumptwitterarchive.com\">Trump Twitter Archive\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://factba.se/topic/deleted-tweets\">Factba.se\u003c/a> have archived the president’s Twitter account in its entirety, and the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/politwoops/user/realDonaldTrump\">Politwoops database\u003c/a>, which is maintained by ProPublica and the Sunlight Foundation, preserves the deleted tweets of Trump and other politicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s natural that in a digital era, one that gives us Wikipedia, you’re going to see a lot more crowdsourcing of presidential history, presidential records,” said Mahaffee, of the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts expressed mixed views on these grassroots efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quigley, from the Society of American Archivists, said she understands why ordinary citizens may distrust the government and want to hold it accountable themselves, but believes they should not have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s always heartening when citizens or activist organizations sort of get involved in these issues and take responsibility for the preservation and maintenance of these documents, and recognize their ongoing value,” Quigley said. “But the fact remains that this is an obligation of the executive office and it is not the responsibility of the people to be doing this work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson said while these websites and databases perform an important function, they could have “unintended consequences.” For example, she said, presidents prior to the digital age had more “wiggle room” to make mistakes such as typos in their communications with the public. And while she believes preserving this record is important, she recognizes that digitally documenting every typo “creates so much information that sometimes it can be hard for people to understand the importance of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What’s Next for Presidential Records Preservation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Because each president has their own relationship to NARA and the Records Act, it is unclear what, if any, precedent the Trump administration is setting with its handling of tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Presidents have always been reluctant to make their records public, and in that sense, this is nothing new, Quigley said. For example, President George W. Bush \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/eo/eo-13233.htm\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> in 2001 that limited the public’s ability to access presidential records. It was revoked by President Barack Obama in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The difference with President Trump is that he uses Twitter in a way that no one has before, and is using it as a policy platform in a way that other presidents have not,” Quigley said. “And that makes it a more critical document.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11782857\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 331px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11782857\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/trump-screenshot-8d0458835d31db31a6fb66f8e5b2f0d4618e5fd1.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of a tweet by President Trump \" width=\"331\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/trump-screenshot-8d0458835d31db31a6fb66f8e5b2f0d4618e5fd1.jpg 331w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/trump-screenshot-8d0458835d31db31a6fb66f8e5b2f0d4618e5fd1-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tweet by President Trump caused a stir with its mention of “negative press covfefe.” \u003ccite>( @POTUS/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If future presidents continue to use the platform this way, the importance of archiving and accessing tweets will grow, Quigley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Records Act provides guidance for record management but offers no way to check or enforce the executive office if it does not comply, Johnson said. She pointed to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizensforethics.org/lawsuit/crew-v-donald-j-trump-executive-office-president/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2017 case pending on appeal to the D.C. Circuit Court\u003c/a> that alleges in part that Trump’s deletion of tweets violates the Records Act. While the U.S. District Court acknowledged the underlying arguments had merit, it dismissed the case because it lacked “\u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/storage.citizensforethics.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/22181249/2018-3-20-Dkt.-21-Memorandum-Opinion.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a valid cause of action … to proceed to the merits\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law creates a really clear system, but it’s a system that can’t be checked once the President makes a decision to create, manage or delete a given record,” Johnson explained. “It really doesn’t give private citizens a way to sue the president if they think he’s violated any of the standards within the act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have also been recent legislative efforts to modernize the Records Act. Rep. Mike Quigley, D-Ill., introduced the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/12/532651827/the-covfefe-act-has-a-silly-name-but-it-addresses-a-real-quandary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">COVFEFE Act\u003c/a> — an acronym drawn from one of Trump’s most well-known, ultimately-deleted \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/31/530861002/trump-asks-who-can-figure-out-covfefe-and-the-internets-hands-shoot-up\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tweets\u003c/a> — in 2017, which would explicitly include the term “social media” in the Records Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahaffee believes amending the Records Act is important but “low-hanging fruit,” as technology will always move faster than law. He said it comes down to a culture of transparency that presidents should be cultivating in their administrations from their first day onward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The challenge is when you write a very prescriptive law regime, how do you ensure that you have the flexibility for, you know, God forbid, who’s going to be the first president or candidate on TikTok?” Mahaffee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel Treisman is an intern on NPR’s National Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+President+Trump+Tweets+And+Deletes%2C+The+Historical+Record+Takes+Shape&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than 1,500 migrant families were forcibly separated at the U.S.-Mexico border in the year before a federal judge ordered a halt to the practice, according to a government tally released Thursday by the American Civil Liberties Union, which sued to end family separations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new numbers brings the total to almost 5,500 immigrant children who were taken from their parents since July 2017, when the Trump administration began ramping up prosecutions of parents who entered the United States unlawfully. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prosecutions and family separations were part of the administration’s push to deter families — most of them Central American — from seeking refuge in this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Lee Gelernt, ACLU attorney\"]‘[The hundreds of kids] we’ve just learned about … are not only very young children, but they’ve been separated for possibly two or more years. We are desperate to find these children and parents.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we launched the lawsuit we thought there were maybe a few hundred families that were separated and we were shocked,” said Lee Gelernt, the lead ACLU attorney on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had no idea that there would be thousands, that there would be babies and toddlers separated, or that we’d be looking all over the world for these families. This has been far worse than I think anybody could have anticipated,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under court order, the federal government released a final list Thursday to the ACLU, naming 1,556 additional migrant parents whose children were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731845/judge-immigration-must-identify-thousands-more-migrant-kids-separated-from-parents\">taken away starting July 1, 2017\u003c/a>, but were no longer in government custody on June 26, 2018, when U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/ms-l-v-ice-order-granting-plaintiffs-motion-classwide-preliminary-injunction\">injunction\u003c/a> ending most separations, and ordering families to be reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelernt said this included more than 200 children under the age of 5 — including 71 babies and toddlers, ages 2 or younger — when border agents took them from their mothers or fathers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These we’ve just learned about … are not only very young children but they’ve been separated for possibly two or more years,” he said. “We are desperate to find these children and parents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A committee of immigrant and child welfare advocates is working to find the parents, and has already made more than 4,000 phone calls to track down them down. Some committee members are in Central America attempting to locate parents in person. That effort is likely to ramp up now that the ACLU has a full list of names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"immigration,migration\" label=\"Related Stories\"]“We think many if not most [of the children] are still without their parents,” said Gelernt. “We suspect, from what we’ve learned so far, that the majority of parents were deported without their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group of 1,556 is in addition to 2,814 separated children who were in federal custody at the time of Sabraw’s June 2018 injunction and were previously identified in the ACLU’s class action lawsuit, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/ms-l-v-ice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ms. L. v. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of the judge’s order, the majority of those children were reunited with their parents. However, more than 600 were released to other relatives or sponsors. Two dozen children still remain in government-run shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11775527/more-than-1000-families-have-been-separated-at-the-border-despite-court-order\">third group of children,\u003c/a> identified earlier this year, had been taken from their parents after Judge Sabraw blocked family separations. His injunction included a provision that allows Homeland Security officials to separate parents from their children if the parents are considered “unfit” or “a danger to child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say they do that only rarely. As of this week, Gelernt said they had removed 1,090 children from their parents for such reasons, and every month the government reports additional separations from “unfit” parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU attorneys say the government has taken children from their parents based on minor criminal convictions and unsubstantiated allegations of wrongdoing. They have asked the judge to reassess the original injunction and provide tighter guidelines for when children can be taken away from parents with a criminal history. Sabraw is considering that motion, and has ordered both parties to return to court on Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we launched the lawsuit we thought there were maybe a few hundred families that were separated and we were shocked,” said Lee Gelernt, the lead ACLU attorney on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had no idea that there would be thousands, that there would be babies and toddlers separated, or that we’d be looking all over the world for these families. This has been far worse than I think anybody could have anticipated,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under court order, the federal government released a final list Thursday to the ACLU, naming 1,556 additional migrant parents whose children were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11731845/judge-immigration-must-identify-thousands-more-migrant-kids-separated-from-parents\">taken away starting July 1, 2017\u003c/a>, but were no longer in government custody on June 26, 2018, when U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/ms-l-v-ice-order-granting-plaintiffs-motion-classwide-preliminary-injunction\">injunction\u003c/a> ending most separations, and ordering families to be reunited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gelernt said this included more than 200 children under the age of 5 — including 71 babies and toddlers, ages 2 or younger — when border agents took them from their mothers or fathers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These we’ve just learned about … are not only very young children but they’ve been separated for possibly two or more years,” he said. “We are desperate to find these children and parents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We think many if not most [of the children] are still without their parents,” said Gelernt. “We suspect, from what we’ve learned so far, that the majority of parents were deported without their children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This group of 1,556 is in addition to 2,814 separated children who were in federal custody at the time of Sabraw’s June 2018 injunction and were previously identified in the ACLU’s class action lawsuit, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/ms-l-v-ice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ms. L. v. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of the judge’s order, the majority of those children were reunited with their parents. However, more than 600 were released to other relatives or sponsors. Two dozen children still remain in government-run shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11775527/more-than-1000-families-have-been-separated-at-the-border-despite-court-order\">third group of children,\u003c/a> identified earlier this year, had been taken from their parents after Judge Sabraw blocked family separations. His injunction included a provision that allows Homeland Security officials to separate parents from their children if the parents are considered “unfit” or “a danger to child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say they do that only rarely. As of this week, Gelernt said they had removed 1,090 children from their parents for such reasons, and every month the government reports additional separations from “unfit” parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU attorneys say the government has taken children from their parents based on minor criminal convictions and unsubstantiated allegations of wrongdoing. They have asked the judge to reassess the original injunction and provide tighter guidelines for when children can be taken away from parents with a criminal history. Sabraw is considering that motion, and has ordered both parties to return to court on Nov. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Feds Scrap Plan for Massive Shelter for Immigrant Kids in Inland Empire",
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"content": "\u003cp>The federal government has canceled plans to build a shelter to house more than 400 unaccompanied immigrant children in California's Inland Empire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&tab=core&id=4c2bd020d21a3709c38e6a6d46904de7&_cview=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Business Opportunities website\u003c/a>, where the proposal was first posted, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) said it had \"determined it is in the best interest of the Government to cancel this project.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Rep. Raul Ruiz, a Democrat who represents parts of the Inland Empire\"]'A facility that's bad for the children in the Inland Empire is going to be bad for children anywhere else in the United States.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11768396/feds-eye-inland-empire-for-major-new-site-to-house-unaccompanied-migrant-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original proposal\u003c/a> from HHS's Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) sought to lease a 74,000-square-foot facility for 17 years. The proposed shelter was intended to house up to 430 children and 143 staff, with a projected opening date of December 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with HHS would not provide more details on why the project was canceled. But U.S. Rep. Raul Ruiz, a Democrat who represents parts of the Inland Empire and sits on the House subcommittee that oversees HHS, said he thinks the disintegration of the plan is a direct result of the pressure that he and other California lawmakers and activists put on the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the administration was reluctant to pursue a warehouse-type facility for young children because we would demand transparency,\" Ruiz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruiz and several Congressional colleagues from the area sent a letter to ORR in August, asking that the federal government provide more information about the proposed facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"httsp://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6306685-03-081919-Aguilar-ORR-Facility.html\" responsive=true height=800]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision to cancel the facility comes as more than 72,000 unaccompanied children and teens have been apprehended at the U.S.-Mexico border in the last 11 months, nearly 30,000 more than during the same period the previous year, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=news_11768396,news_11768396,news_11758308]Despite that significant increase, Ruiz said housing children in large facilities like this is not the best path forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A facility that's bad for the children in the Inland Empire is going to be bad for children anywhere else in the United States,\" said Ruiz, who is a physician. \"These types of facilities should be blocked in all locations. Instead, resources should be spent toward smaller group care for children to meet their emotional and humanitarian needs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently has at least nine other facilities that house unaccompanied minors, which are run by nonprofits under contract with ORR, and licensed by the state Department of Social Services.\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11768396/feds-eye-inland-empire-for-major-new-site-to-house-unaccompanied-migrant-children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original proposal\u003c/a> from HHS's Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR) sought to lease a 74,000-square-foot facility for 17 years. The proposed shelter was intended to house up to 430 children and 143 staff, with a projected opening date of December 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with HHS would not provide more details on why the project was canceled. But U.S. Rep. Raul Ruiz, a Democrat who represents parts of the Inland Empire and sits on the House subcommittee that oversees HHS, said he thinks the disintegration of the plan is a direct result of the pressure that he and other California lawmakers and activists put on the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the administration was reluctant to pursue a warehouse-type facility for young children because we would demand transparency,\" Ruiz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruiz and several Congressional colleagues from the area sent a letter to ORR in August, asking that the federal government provide more information about the proposed facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision to cancel the facility comes as more than 72,000 unaccompanied children and teens have been apprehended at the U.S.-Mexico border in the last 11 months, nearly 30,000 more than during the same period the previous year, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Despite that significant increase, Ruiz said housing children in large facilities like this is not the best path forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A facility that's bad for the children in the Inland Empire is going to be bad for children anywhere else in the United States,\" said Ruiz, who is a physician. \"These types of facilities should be blocked in all locations. Instead, resources should be spent toward smaller group care for children to meet their emotional and humanitarian needs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently has at least nine other facilities that house unaccompanied minors, which are run by nonprofits under contract with ORR, and licensed by the state Department of Social Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court in San Francisco is considering whether thousands of asylum-seekers can be locked up for months or years, or whether they have a constitutional right to ask a judge for their release on bond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals heard arguments Tuesday in a lawsuit challenging a Trump administration order that aims to detain asylum-seekers who enter the country without proper inspection until their cases are decided, a process that can take up to several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just moments after Justice Department attorney Lauren Bingham began addressing the court, Judge Michael Hawkins cut her off with what would become a recurring question throughout the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are the people in the plaintiffs class subject to indefinite detention with no promise of a bond hearing? Yes or no?” asked Hawkins, a Clinton appointee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention would not be indefinite, Bingham responded, because it would last only until an immigration judge decides if the government can deport that individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bingham said immigrants who entered the country illegally — and passed initial interviews establishing a “credible fear” of persecution or torture — are entitled only to rights expressly given to them by Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a sliding scale of due process,” she said. “And the Supreme Court has said on multiple occasions that due process is a flexible concept that takes into account all of the different varying circumstances.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"asylum\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that immigration laws do not give detained immigrants the right to periodic bond hearings. But the justices also instructed lower courts to examine whether the U.S. Constitution requires such hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, U.S. Attorney General William Barr, whose purview includes immigration courts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/file/1154747/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued the order\u003c/a> saying asylum-seekers who entered unlawfully are no longer eligible for release on bond, despite the fact that the practice has been around for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change is one of several efforts by the Trump administration to dramatically restrict humanitarian protections, arguing that migrants are abusing the U.S. asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Barr’s order, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement can still decide to release asylum applicants. But plaintiff attorneys argue that if the policy takes effect, detainees would not have a fair shot at freedom because ICE is biased toward detaining people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In criminal cases, defendants generally have the right to ask a judge to set them free while their cases are decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, a federal judge in Seattle issued a nationwide halt to Barr’s order. U.S. District Judge Marsha J. Pechman also said the government must provide bond hearings within seven days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pechman’s ruling provides critical protections that allow migrants seeking refuge in the U.S. to have a “genuine opportunity” to make their case for asylum, plaintiffs’ attorney Matt Adams told the 9th circuit panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have thousands of our class members who will not only have been deprived of their liberty for months and perhaps years,” said Adams, legal director at the Northwest Immigrant Rights Project. “But many will then have been deprived of the opportunity to obtain legal representation, to gather the evidence necessary to marshal their case, to present their case before the court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one out of 10 asylum-seekers win their case without legal representation, \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/491/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to\u003c/a> researchers at Syracuse University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government attorney Bingham cautioned the judges against requiring hearings within seven days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By requiring the bond hearings to happen so quickly with the government bearing the burden of proof, it incentivizes aliens to enter the United States illegally because they would then be entitled to greater process than if they properly reported to a port of entry,” said Bingham, referring to official border crossings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump and other top administration officials argue that many asylum-seekers skip court hearings and disappear into the country after they are released from detention. But that’s not supported by several studies, including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11756583/report-vast-majority-of-asylum-seeking-families-in-s-f-immigration-court-attend-all-hearings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent analysis\u003c/a> that found that close to 98% of families applying for asylum in San Francisco’s immigration court showed up to every hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of asylum-seekers who go before a judge and request release are granted bond while their case is decided, Adams told the panel of judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/claims-credible-fear-increase-fiscal-year-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growing numbers\u003c/a> of people claiming asylum, the Trump administration has moved aggressively to eliminate what officials call “loopholes” they say attract migrants from Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration advocates have challenged many of those policies — including one that denies asylum to people who fail to seek protection in a country they cross en route to the U.S., and another that forces asylum-seekers to remain in Mexico while an immigration judge decides their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen from this administration an assault on asylum,” said Michael Tan, a senior staff attorney with the ACLU Immigrants’ Rights Project. “The sad reality — that this administration is all too aware of — is that a lot of people just give up, they’d rather risk their life and safety than stay locked up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-judge panel is expected to issue its ruling soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal appeals court in San Francisco is considering whether thousands of asylum-seekers can be locked up for months or years, or whether they have a constitutional right to ask a judge for their release on bond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals heard arguments Tuesday in a lawsuit challenging a Trump administration order that aims to detain asylum-seekers who enter the country without proper inspection until their cases are decided, a process that can take up to several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just moments after Justice Department attorney Lauren Bingham began addressing the court, Judge Michael Hawkins cut her off with what would become a recurring question throughout the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are the people in the plaintiffs class subject to indefinite detention with no promise of a bond hearing? Yes or no?” asked Hawkins, a Clinton appointee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detention would not be indefinite, Bingham responded, because it would last only until an immigration judge decides if the government can deport that individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bingham said immigrants who entered the country illegally — and passed initial interviews establishing a “credible fear” of persecution or torture — are entitled only to rights expressly given to them by Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a sliding scale of due process,” she said. “And the Supreme Court has said on multiple occasions that due process is a flexible concept that takes into account all of the different varying circumstances.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that immigration laws do not give detained immigrants the right to periodic bond hearings. But the justices also instructed lower courts to examine whether the U.S. Constitution requires such hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, U.S. Attorney General William Barr, whose purview includes immigration courts, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/file/1154747/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued the order\u003c/a> saying asylum-seekers who entered unlawfully are no longer eligible for release on bond, despite the fact that the practice has been around for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change is one of several efforts by the Trump administration to dramatically restrict humanitarian protections, arguing that migrants are abusing the U.S. asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Barr’s order, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement can still decide to release asylum applicants. But plaintiff attorneys argue that if the policy takes effect, detainees would not have a fair shot at freedom because ICE is biased toward detaining people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In criminal cases, defendants generally have the right to ask a judge to set them free while their cases are decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, a federal judge in Seattle issued a nationwide halt to Barr’s order. U.S. District Judge Marsha J. Pechman also said the government must provide bond hearings within seven days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pechman’s ruling provides critical protections that allow migrants seeking refuge in the U.S. to have a “genuine opportunity” to make their case for asylum, plaintiffs’ attorney Matt Adams told the 9th circuit panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have thousands of our class members who will not only have been deprived of their liberty for months and perhaps years,” said Adams, legal director at the Northwest Immigrant Rights Project. “But many will then have been deprived of the opportunity to obtain legal representation, to gather the evidence necessary to marshal their case, to present their case before the court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one out of 10 asylum-seekers win their case without legal representation, \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/491/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to\u003c/a> researchers at Syracuse University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government attorney Bingham cautioned the judges against requiring hearings within seven days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By requiring the bond hearings to happen so quickly with the government bearing the burden of proof, it incentivizes aliens to enter the United States illegally because they would then be entitled to greater process than if they properly reported to a port of entry,” said Bingham, referring to official border crossings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump and other top administration officials argue that many asylum-seekers skip court hearings and disappear into the country after they are released from detention. But that’s not supported by several studies, including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11756583/report-vast-majority-of-asylum-seeking-families-in-s-f-immigration-court-attend-all-hearings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent analysis\u003c/a> that found that close to 98% of families applying for asylum in San Francisco’s immigration court showed up to every hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of asylum-seekers who go before a judge and request release are granted bond while their case is decided, Adams told the panel of judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/claims-credible-fear-increase-fiscal-year-2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growing numbers\u003c/a> of people claiming asylum, the Trump administration has moved aggressively to eliminate what officials call “loopholes” they say attract migrants from Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration advocates have challenged many of those policies — including one that denies asylum to people who fail to seek protection in a country they cross en route to the U.S., and another that forces asylum-seekers to remain in Mexico while an immigration judge decides their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen from this administration an assault on asylum,” said Michael Tan, a senior staff attorney with the ACLU Immigrants’ Rights Project. “The sad reality — that this administration is all too aware of — is that a lot of people just give up, they’d rather risk their life and safety than stay locked up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-judge panel is expected to issue its ruling soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "ronan-farrow-on-catch-and-kill-the-weinstein-scandal-and-investigative-journalism",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two years ago, investigative journalist Ronan Farrow published a story in The New Yorker about \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/from-aggressive-overtures-to-sexual-assault-harvey-weinsteins-accusers-tell-their-stories\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Harvey Weinstein’s serial sexual assaults of actors and employees\u003c/a>. Farrow joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873980/ronan-farrow-on-the-lies-spies-and-conspiracy-that-blocked-reporting-on-weinstein-scandal\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">KQED’s Michael Krasny on Forum on Monday\u003c/a> to talk about his new book, “Catch and Kill: Lies, Spies, and a Conspiracy to Protect Predators,” which chronicles the lengths Weinstein took to suppress this story, going so far as to hire former Mossad agents and Ukrainian operatives to obstruct and intimidate the reporting being done. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Portions of this interview have been edited for length and clarity. Listen to the full episode on Forum \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873980/ronan-farrow-on-the-lies-spies-and-conspiracy-that-blocked-reporting-on-weinstein-scandal\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Interview Highlights\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the concept of ‘catch and kill’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Catch and kill” is an old term in the tabloid world. It refers to acquiring the rights to a story, not in order to publish it, but in order to prevent its publication. Very often this happens with sort of mundane celebrity dirt. The National Enquirer has been doing it for years where they’d have something unflattering about an affair someone had and then withhold publication and scoop up the rights to whatever person’s story was gonna be told and on behalf of that person, kill the story, usually in exchange for such and such celebrity will appear on the cover of The National Enquirer or another AMI publication or some other transactional exchange of that nature. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right']‘It’s the lifeblood of our democracy to have free access to information that can’t be fettered by the most connected and wealthy people in this country.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I uncover in the events that unravel in “Catch and Kill” is the way in which The Enquirer was engaged in this practice for Harvey Weinstein, which is a story I was able to break later in The New Yorker. And how ultimately that trail of clues led to the top, if you will, to the president’s collaborations with The National Enquirer, which were very much of a piece with that. In this book, I reveal several new cases in which there was pretty deep and substantial collaboration between Trump associates and the Enquirer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the connection between Weinstein and Matt Lauer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book is about bigger patterns than any one media organization, although it does focus on AMI, the parent company of The National Enquirer, which was one attack dog collaborating with Harvey Weinstein to suppress these allegations. And on NBC News, which also became something of an instrument of suppression on his behalf. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s really about our profession, and the ways in which corporate and legal practices designed to sweep harassment and abuse under the rug, rather than confront it, can create a situation where serial abusers stay in power and where people potentially get hurt. And the democracy suffers because you end up with a situation where news organizations are working at the behest of powerful interests and the truth gets distorted. I talk about how that has ramifications for our political future as well. Obviously, that collaboration between Trump and the National Enquirer wound up being a significant factor in 2016. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On being followed, and other tactics Weinstein used on journalists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People kind of make the observation that it reads like a spy thriller. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one sense, that can sound like it’s a glamorizing characterization, in retrospect. But in another, it’s a reminder of how these exotic and underhanded tactics should be reserved for the realm of, you know, John Grisham novels. They should not be directed at real-life reporters trying to break stories. We have the protections of the First Amendment in this country and of our criminal laws. Therefore, I’m careful to have a sense of perspective and note that I was not in the situation that so many journalists in Pakistan or Russia or many other parts of the world are in, where they just wind up dead if they’re reporting on powerful interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel it is an important story to tell, to look at the threats that get thrown at not just me, but a whole range of journalists in this plot. And to try to galvanize us all, to say, “no, enough.” Powerful people should not be able to manipulate the press in this way and to intimidate journalists in this way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the stories about Donald Trump that were caught and killed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donald Trump is a significant subject of the reporting in the book. There’s new revelations about the tactics that he used to subvert the press and turn it into an arm of his campaign, essentially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AMI has, since all of these events I’ve reported on, signed a non-prosecution agreement where they have admitted that this was taking place, that they were collaborating with Trump associates to kill stories, and it is all emblematic of a wider moment of urgency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where, as you say, we have authoritarian rhetoric weaponized against the press. This characterization of us as the enemy of the people where, in fact, journalism is the only explicitly constitutionally protected profession for a reason. And it’s the lifeblood of our democracy to have free access to information that can’t be fettered by the most connected and wealthy people in this country. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book is a tribute to, and a love letter to, all the reporters who stand up in the face of that and stay strong, and all the sources who refused to stop talking in the face of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Hillary Clinton’s lack of support\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m very measured about Hillary Clinton’s role in the plot of “Catch and Kill,” as I am in each aspect of the book. And you know as well as I that anytime you mention Hillary Clinton, it quickly gets transported into partisan headlines and sensationalized a fair bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality of her role is quite minimal. She was part of a series of interviews that I was doing with every living secretary of state for my previous book, “War on Peace.” It is about the chaos at the State Department and the militarization of American foreign policy and the consequences of that around the world. And Hillary Clinton had been extremely supportive of that project and had known about it since I had worked at the State Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a portion of the plot of this book in which the walls are kind of closing in, in a whole number of ways. And I include an anecdote about Hillary Clinton attempting to back out of that interview. It comes after her flak, her spokesperson, Nick Merrill, calling to say, “We’re concerned about this big story you’re working on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that really is the totality of the facts, that there’s a strange conversation where her team is concerned and has learned at a time when it is supposed to be secret that I’m working on this, that I am working on the story. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"harvey-weinstein\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On being an investigative journalist\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I do think that good investigative journalism is at the heart of what can break through those conspiracies of silence and that hegemony …. of powerful interests that mutually protect and suppress. And every time I break a story, I’m very moved to say that brave sources continue to come forward. And in the wake of this book coming out, I’ve been inundated with leads of all sorts of types, including ones that, you know, directly reinforce the reporting in this book. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s never just about me, it’s a whole community of reporters that are refusing to stop here. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On putting himself in the book\u003c/strong> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was uncomfortable. And I’m very forthright in the book about the struggle over not wanting to do that, wanting for the story to stand its own on its own. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think particularly because of my own background, which was very much, you know, in the shadow of celebrity and scandal, I write in the book about wanting desperately for the substantive work that I do to not be subject to those distractions, and to stand independently. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nature of the plot was that my personal life, and who I was and my background, were thrown at me and all of that was used as a cudgel. So like it or not, you know, Harvey Weinstein and others who I go up against in this book really used myself in my past against me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two years ago, investigative journalist Ronan Farrow published a story in The New Yorker about \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/from-aggressive-overtures-to-sexual-assault-harvey-weinsteins-accusers-tell-their-stories\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Harvey Weinstein’s serial sexual assaults of actors and employees\u003c/a>. Farrow joined \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873980/ronan-farrow-on-the-lies-spies-and-conspiracy-that-blocked-reporting-on-weinstein-scandal\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">KQED’s Michael Krasny on Forum on Monday\u003c/a> to talk about his new book, “Catch and Kill: Lies, Spies, and a Conspiracy to Protect Predators,” which chronicles the lengths Weinstein took to suppress this story, going so far as to hire former Mossad agents and Ukrainian operatives to obstruct and intimidate the reporting being done. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Portions of this interview have been edited for length and clarity. Listen to the full episode on Forum \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101873980/ronan-farrow-on-the-lies-spies-and-conspiracy-that-blocked-reporting-on-weinstein-scandal\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Interview Highlights\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the concept of ‘catch and kill’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Catch and kill” is an old term in the tabloid world. It refers to acquiring the rights to a story, not in order to publish it, but in order to prevent its publication. Very often this happens with sort of mundane celebrity dirt. The National Enquirer has been doing it for years where they’d have something unflattering about an affair someone had and then withhold publication and scoop up the rights to whatever person’s story was gonna be told and on behalf of that person, kill the story, usually in exchange for such and such celebrity will appear on the cover of The National Enquirer or another AMI publication or some other transactional exchange of that nature. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I uncover in the events that unravel in “Catch and Kill” is the way in which The Enquirer was engaged in this practice for Harvey Weinstein, which is a story I was able to break later in The New Yorker. And how ultimately that trail of clues led to the top, if you will, to the president’s collaborations with The National Enquirer, which were very much of a piece with that. In this book, I reveal several new cases in which there was pretty deep and substantial collaboration between Trump associates and the Enquirer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the connection between Weinstein and Matt Lauer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book is about bigger patterns than any one media organization, although it does focus on AMI, the parent company of The National Enquirer, which was one attack dog collaborating with Harvey Weinstein to suppress these allegations. And on NBC News, which also became something of an instrument of suppression on his behalf. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s really about our profession, and the ways in which corporate and legal practices designed to sweep harassment and abuse under the rug, rather than confront it, can create a situation where serial abusers stay in power and where people potentially get hurt. And the democracy suffers because you end up with a situation where news organizations are working at the behest of powerful interests and the truth gets distorted. I talk about how that has ramifications for our political future as well. Obviously, that collaboration between Trump and the National Enquirer wound up being a significant factor in 2016. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On being followed, and other tactics Weinstein used on journalists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People kind of make the observation that it reads like a spy thriller. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one sense, that can sound like it’s a glamorizing characterization, in retrospect. But in another, it’s a reminder of how these exotic and underhanded tactics should be reserved for the realm of, you know, John Grisham novels. They should not be directed at real-life reporters trying to break stories. We have the protections of the First Amendment in this country and of our criminal laws. Therefore, I’m careful to have a sense of perspective and note that I was not in the situation that so many journalists in Pakistan or Russia or many other parts of the world are in, where they just wind up dead if they’re reporting on powerful interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel it is an important story to tell, to look at the threats that get thrown at not just me, but a whole range of journalists in this plot. And to try to galvanize us all, to say, “no, enough.” Powerful people should not be able to manipulate the press in this way and to intimidate journalists in this way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the stories about Donald Trump that were caught and killed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donald Trump is a significant subject of the reporting in the book. There’s new revelations about the tactics that he used to subvert the press and turn it into an arm of his campaign, essentially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AMI has, since all of these events I’ve reported on, signed a non-prosecution agreement where they have admitted that this was taking place, that they were collaborating with Trump associates to kill stories, and it is all emblematic of a wider moment of urgency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where, as you say, we have authoritarian rhetoric weaponized against the press. This characterization of us as the enemy of the people where, in fact, journalism is the only explicitly constitutionally protected profession for a reason. And it’s the lifeblood of our democracy to have free access to information that can’t be fettered by the most connected and wealthy people in this country. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book is a tribute to, and a love letter to, all the reporters who stand up in the face of that and stay strong, and all the sources who refused to stop talking in the face of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Justice Department Announces Plan to Collect DNA From Migrants Crossing the Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Justice Department is proposing to begin collecting DNA samples from hundreds of thousands of immigrants crossing the border, creating an enormous database of asylum-seekers and other migrants that federal officials say will be used to help authorities fight crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General William Barr issued \u003ca href=\"https://s3.amazonaws.com/public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2019-22877.pdf\">the rule\u003c/a>, which is set to be published in the Federal Register on Tuesday, with the expectation that federal authorities will gather DNA information on about 748,000 immigrants annually, including asylum-seekers presenting themselves at legal ports of entries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Naureen Shah, ACLU\"]'It's the most intimate information that you can take from someone ... And we're going to be taking it from people against their will.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the proposed regulation, Barr describes the DNA sample as a \"genetic fingerprint\" that can uniquely identify a person, \"but they do not disclose the individual's traits, disorders, or dispositions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal permanent residents and those seeking to enter the country legally won't be affected by the new regulation. The rule will now be subject to a 20-day comment period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But already, immigrant advocates have denounced the proposal, arguing that collecting genetic information from those crossing the border could have implications for family members residing in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the most intimate information that you can take from someone. It is information you can use to find their family members, to know their histories,\" Naureen Shah, senior advocacy and policy counsel at the American Civil Liberties Union, told NPR. \"And we're going to be taking it from people against their will.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other lawyers who work with immigrants also slammed the proposal, saying it raises alarming privacy concerns and will not deter migrants from entering the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard for me to believe that a woman who is on a journey of 1,000 miles in broken flip-flops with a 2-year-old on her hip, doing everything she can and sacrificing everything ... is going to be deterred by DNA collection,\" said Henry Sias, a Philadelphia-based civil rights lawyer who represents asylum-seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\">say nearly 1 million migrants\u003c/a> were taken into custody after crossing the southern border in the last fiscal year, but the number of migrants taken into custody in recent months has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/08/768436273/apprehensions-at-the-u-s-mexico-border-decline-for-the-fourth-consecutive-month\">steadily declining\u003c/a>, which the Trump administration attributes to the crackdown on the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collecting DNA information on criminal suspects is permitted under federal law and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/Documents/cj/ArresteeDNALaws.pdf\">nearly 30 states\u003c/a> allow taking a forensic profile from someone before conviction. The plan to implement mandatory DNA testing for hundreds of thousands of border-crossers was \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/hamedaleaziz/trump-administration-dna-samples-immigrants\">first reported\u003c/a> by BuzzFeed in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"immigration\"]Justice Department officials hope to send the DNA information from migrants to an FBI database known as the Combined DNA Index System, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/services/laboratory/biometric-analysis/codis/ndis-statistics\">already contains\u003c/a> nearly 14 million people who have been convicted of a crime and an additional 3.7 million people who have been arrested. Migrants' names and other personal data would not be stored with their DNA information to protect privacy, and the FBI would get the identification only if the sample matched a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials estimate the price of implementing the policy to be around $13 million for three years. That figure includes additional work hours for Customs and Border Protection and the cost of providing DNA sample collection kits to border agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says a massive database of biometric information on migrants will lead to more crimes being solved. But immigrant advocates counter that the initiative demonizes migrants, and they point to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/02/607652253/studies-say-illegal-immigration-does-not-increase-violent-crime\">multiple studies\u003c/a> showing that increasing the flow of undocumented immigrants does not create a spike in violent crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, more than 25,000 migrants were charged with felony illegal re-entry and more than 80,000 were charged with misdemeanor improper entry, the highest number of immigration-related offenses on record since federal authorities began keeping track, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-prosecuted-record-breaking-number-immigration-related-cases-fiscal-year\">Justice Department officials say\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sias, the Philadelphia immigration lawyer, argues that taking a person's DNA information before they are convicted of crossing the border illegally is a privacy violation that turns the criminal justice system on its head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a conflation of immigration status with criminal activity, which is contributing to a guilty until proven innocent atmosphere,\" Sias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Justice+Department+Announces+Plan+To+Collect+DNA+From+Migrants+Crossing+The+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the proposed regulation, Barr describes the DNA sample as a \"genetic fingerprint\" that can uniquely identify a person, \"but they do not disclose the individual's traits, disorders, or dispositions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal permanent residents and those seeking to enter the country legally won't be affected by the new regulation. The rule will now be subject to a 20-day comment period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But already, immigrant advocates have denounced the proposal, arguing that collecting genetic information from those crossing the border could have implications for family members residing in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the most intimate information that you can take from someone. It is information you can use to find their family members, to know their histories,\" Naureen Shah, senior advocacy and policy counsel at the American Civil Liberties Union, told NPR. \"And we're going to be taking it from people against their will.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other lawyers who work with immigrants also slammed the proposal, saying it raises alarming privacy concerns and will not deter migrants from entering the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard for me to believe that a woman who is on a journey of 1,000 miles in broken flip-flops with a 2-year-old on her hip, doing everything she can and sacrificing everything ... is going to be deterred by DNA collection,\" said Henry Sias, a Philadelphia-based civil rights lawyer who represents asylum-seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\">say nearly 1 million migrants\u003c/a> were taken into custody after crossing the southern border in the last fiscal year, but the number of migrants taken into custody in recent months has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/08/768436273/apprehensions-at-the-u-s-mexico-border-decline-for-the-fourth-consecutive-month\">steadily declining\u003c/a>, which the Trump administration attributes to the crackdown on the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collecting DNA information on criminal suspects is permitted under federal law and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/Documents/cj/ArresteeDNALaws.pdf\">nearly 30 states\u003c/a> allow taking a forensic profile from someone before conviction. The plan to implement mandatory DNA testing for hundreds of thousands of border-crossers was \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/hamedaleaziz/trump-administration-dna-samples-immigrants\">first reported\u003c/a> by BuzzFeed in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Justice Department officials hope to send the DNA information from migrants to an FBI database known as the Combined DNA Index System, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/services/laboratory/biometric-analysis/codis/ndis-statistics\">already contains\u003c/a> nearly 14 million people who have been convicted of a crime and an additional 3.7 million people who have been arrested. Migrants' names and other personal data would not be stored with their DNA information to protect privacy, and the FBI would get the identification only if the sample matched a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials estimate the price of implementing the policy to be around $13 million for three years. That figure includes additional work hours for Customs and Border Protection and the cost of providing DNA sample collection kits to border agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration says a massive database of biometric information on migrants will lead to more crimes being solved. But immigrant advocates counter that the initiative demonizes migrants, and they point to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/02/607652253/studies-say-illegal-immigration-does-not-increase-violent-crime\">multiple studies\u003c/a> showing that increasing the flow of undocumented immigrants does not create a spike in violent crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, more than 25,000 migrants were charged with felony illegal re-entry and more than 80,000 were charged with misdemeanor improper entry, the highest number of immigration-related offenses on record since federal authorities began keeping track, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-prosecuted-record-breaking-number-immigration-related-cases-fiscal-year\">Justice Department officials say\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sias, the Philadelphia immigration lawyer, argues that taking a person's DNA information before they are convicted of crossing the border illegally is a privacy violation that turns the criminal justice system on its head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a conflation of immigration status with criminal activity, which is contributing to a guilty until proven innocent atmosphere,\" Sias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Justice+Department+Announces+Plan+To+Collect+DNA+From+Migrants+Crossing+The+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump deputized lawyer Rudy Giuliani to run a shadow foreign policy for Ukraine outside the State Department, witnesses told Congress this past week — and the White House said people should “get over it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been a busy week. Here’s what you need to know about the latest in the Ukraine affair and the impeachment investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Mister Mayor\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Giuliani has been an important figure in Trump world for years, but what investigators heard was how central he was in the plan to get Ukraine’s government to launch investigations that Trump wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump wanted Ukraine’s new government, led by President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, to investigate a conspiracy theory of Trump’s about the 2016 cyberattacks on the Democratic National Committee and the family of former Vice President Joe Biden, ostensibly over “corruption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In exchange, it appears, Trump was prepared to engage with Zelenskiy and continue the flow of military assistance, appropriated by Congress, that had been flowing to Kyiv since it was invaded by Russia in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Trump may not have told many officials about that plan in real time, Trump did ask early on for many of them to work with Giuliani in their dealings with Europe and with Ukraine, the witnesses said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The “Hand Grenade”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781321\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/gettyimages-1178121134_wide-26d68834d631916028ed85d451c3c9542eac38fa-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Congress was told that onetime U.S. national security adviser John Bolton warned that Rudy Giuliani was a “hand grenade” in danger of blowing up and hurting everyone around him. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Top aides including then-national security adviser John Bolton and Trump’s former top Russia adviser, Fiona Hill, may have worried about the Ukraine pressure strategy on its merits. Ukraine is a U.S. ally resisting a military incursion by an adversary, its neighbor Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the depositions are closed, it still isn’t fully clear what witnesses have told Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what has become clear is how unhappy the national security and foreign policy professionals were at being asked to involve someone they viewed as an interloper in Giuliani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolton warned he was a “hand grenade” in danger of blowing up and hurting everyone around him, Hill told members of Congress, according to people familiar with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/15/770378149/then-national-security-advisor-called-rudy-giuliani-a-hand-grenade-on-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">her testimony\u003c/a>. She also was said to have flagged concerns within the National Security Council about what she considered departures from official process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolton and Hill resigned earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People still within the administration, however, also are said to resent what they considered the interference represented by Giuliani — along with what may have been incomplete awareness in real time about what Trump was orchestrating with U.S. policy toward Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three top current and former State Department officials — Michael McKinley, George Kent and the U.S. ambassador to the European Union, Gordon Sondland — are understood to have told House investigators they thought foreign policy should be conducted by diplomats and professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKinley said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/16/770643839/ex-pompeo-aide-is-latest-state-department-official-to-talk-in-impeachment-inquir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he resented the scourging\u003c/a> — led by Giuliani — of then-U.S. ambassador to Ukraine Marie Yovanovitch, which resulted in her being discredited inside the administration and withdrawn from Kyiv prematurely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of Congress earlier reviewed materials submitted by a State Department whistleblower that were described as “propaganda” about Yovanovitch that led to her ouster. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/11/769049841/fired-u-s-ukraine-ambassador-arrives-on-capitol-hill-to-testify-in-impeachment-p\">She testified on Oct. 11\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Why Did Trump Sideline the Diplomats?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781346\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-1181225897-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of George Kent. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-1181225897-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-1181225897-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-1181225897-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-1181225897-1.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs George Kent arrives at a closed session before the House Intelligence, Foreign Affairs and Oversight committees October 15, 2019 at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, DC. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kent told members of Congress that the White House \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/15/770482694/wh-replaced-pro-ukraine-staff-with-three-amigos-congress-reportedly-told\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wanted a reliable cadre of “three amigos”\u003c/a> handling the Ukraine portfolio, according to one account of his testimony given by Rep. Gerry Connolly, D-Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If correct, this suggests the president or Giuliani did not consider Yovanovitch, Hill or others trustworthy enough as the White House was shaping its pressure campaign for Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Trump or acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney commissioned the “amigos:” Sondland; Kurt Volker, another State Department envoy to Ukraine; and Energy Secretary Rick Perry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sondland talked to Congress on Thursday. Volker \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/04/767080125/texts-show-top-u-s-diplomat-in-ukraine-concerned-over-possible-quid-pro-quo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appeared on Oct. 3\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry has been subpoenaed, but it isn’t clear whether he’ll appear. He said on Thursday that he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/17/593950148/energy-secretary-rick-perry-resigns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resigning\u003c/a> at the end of this year. Trump has reportedly credited — or blamed — Perry for \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/trump-blamed-rick-perry-call-ukraine-zelensky-8178447a-0374-4ac6-b321-a9454b0565d4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the call\u003c/a> with Zelenskiy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Game of Telephone\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many details still aren’t clear and accounts differ as to who decided what and when or communicated which version of events. The public could get a clearer picture if and when members of Congress release the full transcripts of the depositions they’ve been conducting with the witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an anonymous intelligence community whistleblower, whose \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/26/764071379/read-house-intel-releases-whistleblower-complaint-on-trump-ukraine-call\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">complaint\u003c/a> about the pressure scheme was what animated this saga, Ukraine’s president was primed before his\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6429015-Trump-Ukraine-Transcript\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> July 25 call\u003c/a> with Trump about the need to “play ball” with Trump’s requests for the investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators want to know who primed him and how. This week brought more of that into focus. Giuliani, Volker and Sondland all are known to have been in touch with Zelenskiy or people in his camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what Sondland told Congress was that he was kept in the dark about the full dimensions of Trump’s plans for Kyiv. Once he and the others learned military assistance to Ukraine had been frozen, Sondland said he opposed the picture he was piecing together.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Who Knew What When\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sondland’s account is important for two reasons: First, he told members of Congress that the account he was given of Trump’s call with Zelenskiy did not mention the request for investigations about the Democrats’ server or Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That suggests, if correct, that the White House was hiding those details even from members of its own administration handling Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, it’s important for Sondland’s sake because he’s the one who sent a text message — among \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6453863-Ukraine-Texts-100319\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">those released earlier\u003c/a> by Democrats — that declared to other diplomats dubious about the Ukraine pressure scheme that Trump had made clear it was not a quid pro quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Sondland\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/17/770752655/trump-gave-giuliani-the-ukraine-portfolio-and-boxed-out-diplomats-sondland-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> told members of Congress\u003c/a> on Thursday was that as he and others within the State Department realized that Trump expected concessions from Zelenskiy and then had frozen the military aid, Sondland phoned Trump to ask personally about what they were doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what Sondland described as a brief conversation with a grouchy Trump, the diplomat recalled the president repeating the words “no quid pro quo with Ukraine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sondland \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trumps-envoy-who-denied-quid-pro-quo-now-says-he-isnt-certain/2019/10/12/4abe0902-bc19-44e8-8c38-9aa35c544859_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reportedly was prepared\u003c/a> to tell House investigators that all he was doing in his subsequent text message was conveying to the others what Trump had said, not validating or endorsing that position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question about a “quid pro quo” is important in case there are legal issues for the diplomats involved, Giuliani or, theoretically, Trump — although one lesson from the Russia imbroglio was that Trump needn’t worry about\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/29/727847695/special-counsel-mueller-to-deliver-statement-on-russia-investigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> indictment by the Justice Department\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='impeachment' label='RELATED STORIES']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why some Democrats argue their only recourse now is the quasi-legal, mostly political — and historically rare — path toward impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>“Get Over It”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What also makes the Ukraine affair unusual in the pantheon of Washington scandals is how quickly the facts about it flashed into public view and how readily the White House has acknowledged so many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mulvaney, the acting chief of staff, told reporters on Thursday that, yes, Trump expected concessions from Zelenskiy in exchange for engagement with the United States — but that’s how this game is played, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as for what Mulvaney called the complaints by the State Department and national security officials about Trump giving the Ukraine portfolio to Giuliani, he called it sour grapes by jealous bureaucrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration works for the president, all foreign policy is political and everyone, Mulvaney said, needs to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/17/770979659/watch-white-house-holds-now-rare-press-briefing-amid-impeachment-syria-conflicts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“get over it.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s campaign later \u003ca href=\"https://shop.donaldjtrump.com/products/get-over-it-tee-navy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put that epigram on a T-shirt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mulvaney later sought to walk back some of what he said in his press conference — specifically that Trump’s request that Zelenskiy investigate the Democrats’ “server” was a “quid pro quo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the words already were out in the open, and another point he made also endures: The Ukraine affair, for everything else it is, isn’t a cover-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Investigation Wears On\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Republicans have faulted the impeachment inquiry as illegitimate and White House counsel Pat Cipollone vowed that the administration \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6459842/White-House-Letter-to-Speaker-Pelosi-Et-Al-10-08.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wouldn’t participate\u003c/a> in it — but the stream of witnesses into the Capitol hasn’t slowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Cipollone’s objections may mean that members of Congress don’t hear from some of the boldfaced names they might request, including Pompeo, Bolton, Giuliani and Vice President Pence, investigators do have a full dance card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting on Tuesday, House investigators are scheduled to hear from the current top U.S. diplomat in Ukraine, Bill Taylor, who took over the mission to Kyiv after Yovanovitch was withdrawn and whose texts were among those released earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, the House is scheduled to hear from another State Department official, Ambassador Philip Reeker, as well as Michael Duffey, associate director for national security programs within the Office of Management and Budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, investigators are set to take depositions from Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Laura Cooper and Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman. And that’s not all, according to one official working on the impeachment inquiry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The committees are in ongoing discussions with other witnesses, and we look forward to their testimony,” the official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Impeachment+Inquiry+Update%3A+What+This+Week+Revealed+About+The+Ukraine+Affair&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "President Trump commissioned Rudy Giuliani as his top guy for Ukraine, and the White House also appointed \"three amigos\" to carry out its policy. The administration says nothing's wrong here.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump deputized lawyer Rudy Giuliani to run a shadow foreign policy for Ukraine outside the State Department, witnesses told Congress this past week — and the White House said people should “get over it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been a busy week. Here’s what you need to know about the latest in the Ukraine affair and the impeachment investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Mister Mayor\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Giuliani has been an important figure in Trump world for years, but what investigators heard was how central he was in the plan to get Ukraine’s government to launch investigations that Trump wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump wanted Ukraine’s new government, led by President Volodymyr Zelenskiy, to investigate a conspiracy theory of Trump’s about the 2016 cyberattacks on the Democratic National Committee and the family of former Vice President Joe Biden, ostensibly over “corruption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In exchange, it appears, Trump was prepared to engage with Zelenskiy and continue the flow of military assistance, appropriated by Congress, that had been flowing to Kyiv since it was invaded by Russia in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Trump may not have told many officials about that plan in real time, Trump did ask early on for many of them to work with Giuliani in their dealings with Europe and with Ukraine, the witnesses said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The “Hand Grenade”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781321\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781321\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/gettyimages-1178121134_wide-26d68834d631916028ed85d451c3c9542eac38fa-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Congress was told that onetime U.S. national security adviser John Bolton warned that Rudy Giuliani was a “hand grenade” in danger of blowing up and hurting everyone around him. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Top aides including then-national security adviser John Bolton and Trump’s former top Russia adviser, Fiona Hill, may have worried about the Ukraine pressure strategy on its merits. Ukraine is a U.S. ally resisting a military incursion by an adversary, its neighbor Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the depositions are closed, it still isn’t fully clear what witnesses have told Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what has become clear is how unhappy the national security and foreign policy professionals were at being asked to involve someone they viewed as an interloper in Giuliani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolton warned he was a “hand grenade” in danger of blowing up and hurting everyone around him, Hill told members of Congress, according to people familiar with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/15/770378149/then-national-security-advisor-called-rudy-giuliani-a-hand-grenade-on-ukraine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">her testimony\u003c/a>. She also was said to have flagged concerns within the National Security Council about what she considered departures from official process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolton and Hill resigned earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People still within the administration, however, also are said to resent what they considered the interference represented by Giuliani — along with what may have been incomplete awareness in real time about what Trump was orchestrating with U.S. policy toward Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three top current and former State Department officials — Michael McKinley, George Kent and the U.S. ambassador to the European Union, Gordon Sondland — are understood to have told House investigators they thought foreign policy should be conducted by diplomats and professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKinley said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/16/770643839/ex-pompeo-aide-is-latest-state-department-official-to-talk-in-impeachment-inquir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he resented the scourging\u003c/a> — led by Giuliani — of then-U.S. ambassador to Ukraine Marie Yovanovitch, which resulted in her being discredited inside the administration and withdrawn from Kyiv prematurely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of Congress earlier reviewed materials submitted by a State Department whistleblower that were described as “propaganda” about Yovanovitch that led to her ouster. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/11/769049841/fired-u-s-ukraine-ambassador-arrives-on-capitol-hill-to-testify-in-impeachment-p\">She testified on Oct. 11\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Why Did Trump Sideline the Diplomats?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11781346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11781346\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-1181225897-1-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Photo of George Kent. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-1181225897-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-1181225897-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-1181225897-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/10/GettyImages-1181225897-1.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs George Kent arrives at a closed session before the House Intelligence, Foreign Affairs and Oversight committees October 15, 2019 at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, DC. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kent told members of Congress that the White House \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/15/770482694/wh-replaced-pro-ukraine-staff-with-three-amigos-congress-reportedly-told\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wanted a reliable cadre of “three amigos”\u003c/a> handling the Ukraine portfolio, according to one account of his testimony given by Rep. Gerry Connolly, D-Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If correct, this suggests the president or Giuliani did not consider Yovanovitch, Hill or others trustworthy enough as the White House was shaping its pressure campaign for Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Trump or acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney commissioned the “amigos:” Sondland; Kurt Volker, another State Department envoy to Ukraine; and Energy Secretary Rick Perry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sondland talked to Congress on Thursday. Volker \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/04/767080125/texts-show-top-u-s-diplomat-in-ukraine-concerned-over-possible-quid-pro-quo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appeared on Oct. 3\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry has been subpoenaed, but it isn’t clear whether he’ll appear. He said on Thursday that he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/17/593950148/energy-secretary-rick-perry-resigns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resigning\u003c/a> at the end of this year. Trump has reportedly credited — or blamed — Perry for \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/trump-blamed-rick-perry-call-ukraine-zelensky-8178447a-0374-4ac6-b321-a9454b0565d4.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the call\u003c/a> with Zelenskiy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Game of Telephone\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many details still aren’t clear and accounts differ as to who decided what and when or communicated which version of events. The public could get a clearer picture if and when members of Congress release the full transcripts of the depositions they’ve been conducting with the witnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an anonymous intelligence community whistleblower, whose \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/26/764071379/read-house-intel-releases-whistleblower-complaint-on-trump-ukraine-call\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">complaint\u003c/a> about the pressure scheme was what animated this saga, Ukraine’s president was primed before his\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6429015-Trump-Ukraine-Transcript\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> July 25 call\u003c/a> with Trump about the need to “play ball” with Trump’s requests for the investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators want to know who primed him and how. This week brought more of that into focus. Giuliani, Volker and Sondland all are known to have been in touch with Zelenskiy or people in his camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what Sondland told Congress was that he was kept in the dark about the full dimensions of Trump’s plans for Kyiv. Once he and the others learned military assistance to Ukraine had been frozen, Sondland said he opposed the picture he was piecing together.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Who Knew What When\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Sondland’s account is important for two reasons: First, he told members of Congress that the account he was given of Trump’s call with Zelenskiy did not mention the request for investigations about the Democrats’ server or Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That suggests, if correct, that the White House was hiding those details even from members of its own administration handling Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, it’s important for Sondland’s sake because he’s the one who sent a text message — among \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=6453863-Ukraine-Texts-100319\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">those released earlier\u003c/a> by Democrats — that declared to other diplomats dubious about the Ukraine pressure scheme that Trump had made clear it was not a quid pro quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Sondland\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/17/770752655/trump-gave-giuliani-the-ukraine-portfolio-and-boxed-out-diplomats-sondland-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> told members of Congress\u003c/a> on Thursday was that as he and others within the State Department realized that Trump expected concessions from Zelenskiy and then had frozen the military aid, Sondland phoned Trump to ask personally about what they were doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what Sondland described as a brief conversation with a grouchy Trump, the diplomat recalled the president repeating the words “no quid pro quo with Ukraine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sondland \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trumps-envoy-who-denied-quid-pro-quo-now-says-he-isnt-certain/2019/10/12/4abe0902-bc19-44e8-8c38-9aa35c544859_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reportedly was prepared\u003c/a> to tell House investigators that all he was doing in his subsequent text message was conveying to the others what Trump had said, not validating or endorsing that position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question about a “quid pro quo” is important in case there are legal issues for the diplomats involved, Giuliani or, theoretically, Trump — although one lesson from the Russia imbroglio was that Trump needn’t worry about\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/29/727847695/special-counsel-mueller-to-deliver-statement-on-russia-investigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> indictment by the Justice Department\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why some Democrats argue their only recourse now is the quasi-legal, mostly political — and historically rare — path toward impeachment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>“Get Over It”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What also makes the Ukraine affair unusual in the pantheon of Washington scandals is how quickly the facts about it flashed into public view and how readily the White House has acknowledged so many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mulvaney, the acting chief of staff, told reporters on Thursday that, yes, Trump expected concessions from Zelenskiy in exchange for engagement with the United States — but that’s how this game is played, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as for what Mulvaney called the complaints by the State Department and national security officials about Trump giving the Ukraine portfolio to Giuliani, he called it sour grapes by jealous bureaucrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration works for the president, all foreign policy is political and everyone, Mulvaney said, needs to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/17/770979659/watch-white-house-holds-now-rare-press-briefing-amid-impeachment-syria-conflicts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“get over it.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s campaign later \u003ca href=\"https://shop.donaldjtrump.com/products/get-over-it-tee-navy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put that epigram on a T-shirt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mulvaney later sought to walk back some of what he said in his press conference — specifically that Trump’s request that Zelenskiy investigate the Democrats’ “server” was a “quid pro quo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the words already were out in the open, and another point he made also endures: The Ukraine affair, for everything else it is, isn’t a cover-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Investigation Wears On\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Republicans have faulted the impeachment inquiry as illegitimate and White House counsel Pat Cipollone vowed that the administration \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/6459842/White-House-Letter-to-Speaker-Pelosi-Et-Al-10-08.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wouldn’t participate\u003c/a> in it — but the stream of witnesses into the Capitol hasn’t slowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Cipollone’s objections may mean that members of Congress don’t hear from some of the boldfaced names they might request, including Pompeo, Bolton, Giuliani and Vice President Pence, investigators do have a full dance card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting on Tuesday, House investigators are scheduled to hear from the current top U.S. diplomat in Ukraine, Bill Taylor, who took over the mission to Kyiv after Yovanovitch was withdrawn and whose texts were among those released earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, the House is scheduled to hear from another State Department official, Ambassador Philip Reeker, as well as Michael Duffey, associate director for national security programs within the Office of Management and Budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, investigators are set to take depositions from Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Laura Cooper and Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman. And that’s not all, according to one official working on the impeachment inquiry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The committees are in ongoing discussions with other witnesses, and we look forward to their testimony,” the official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Impeachment+Inquiry+Update%3A+What+This+Week+Revealed+About+The+Ukraine+Affair&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Democratic Presidential Race and Impeachment Update\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This week, House Democrats continued to press ahead with their impeachment inquiry against President Trump. They interviewed several key witnesses about the president’s efforts to persuade Ukraine’s leader to open a corruption investigation against former Vice President Joe Biden and his son. Meanwhile, 12 candidates faced off for the latest Democratic presidential debate, held on Tuesday in Columbus, Ohio. Reflecting her surge in the polls and front-runner status, this time it was Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren fending off attacks from her rivals, especially over her support for Medicare for All. She refused to say whether she would raise taxes on the middle class to pay for her health care overhaul, while also trying to broaden her appeal beyond her progressive base and mounting criticism from moderates like Joe Biden and Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scott Shafer, KQED senior politics and government editor\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tal Kopan, Washington, D.C. correspondent, San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Congressman Ro Khanna\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Silicon Valley Rep. Ro Khanna serves on two House committees, including the Oversight and Reform Committee, which deposed several current and former White House and State Department officials this week, including Gordon Sondland and Fiona Hill. The top Russia adviser to the White House before she resigned in July, Hill reportedly told investigators that Sondland, the ambassador to the European Union, posed a potential national security risk because of his lack of diplomatic experience. On Thursday, the president’s acting chief of staff, Mick Mulvaney, suggested during a press conference that nearly $400 million in military aid to Ukraine was held up to pressure the nation to open investigations into Democrats. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. Rep. Ro Khanna, D-Santa Clara\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deadline Looms for PG&E Wildfire Claims as Fallout Continues over Outages\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Survivors of recent California wildfires linked to PG&E’s equipment have until Monday to file liability claims for their losses. Also, the state’s top utility regulator is holding an emergency meeting Friday about the widely criticized massive power shutoffs last week that left more than 700,000 PG&E customers without power. On Thursday, the California Senate announced that it will investigate the utility’s power shutoff while Gov. Gavin Newsom said this week that “Californians should not pay the price for decades of PG&E’s greed and neglect,”and called on the company to issue a $100 refund or rebate to customers affected by last week’s outages. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jared Ellias, professor, UC Hastings College of the Law\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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