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"content": "\u003cp>In Marin County, a couple knowingly sent their COVID-19-positive child and a sibling to school last month in violation of isolation and quarantine rules, causing a coronavirus outbreak in an elementary school, officials said Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parents could face a fine or a misdemeanor charge for violating \u003ca href=\"https://coronavirus.marinhhs.org/isolation-and-quarantine-order\">Marin County’s health order\u003c/a>, under which people who test positive for the virus must isolate themselves for at least 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Matt Willis, the county’s public health officer, told The Associated Press that a decision will be made early next week on whether the family will face a penalty.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Matt Willis, Marin County public health officer\"]'It's a violation of the law that we've put in place. More importantly it's also a violation of just basic ethics of community responsibility.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a violation of the law that we’ve put in place,” he said. “More importantly it’s also a violation of just basic ethics of community responsibility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the children's school district issued a “corrective action” against the family, Superintendent of the Larkspur-Corte Madera School District Brett Geithman told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geithman said that exactly what action was issued against the family is confidential. The family, however, caused a “safety risk” to students, staff and the school community that easily could have spread further over the Thanksgiving break if the exposed families had not been informed, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's important for them, which they do, to understand the gravity of their decision and the impact it had on our school, and how much worse it could have actually been,\" Geithman said. \"When you look at the numbers, in this particular case, it could have been a lot worse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Jane Burke, Marin superintendent of schools, said the parents' actions compromised the health and well-being of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is obviously very unsettling to find ourselves in a situation with this type of a breach that affects the health and welfare of, frankly, an entire community. This is not just school-based,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students in schools are immunocompromised, Burke said, or for other reasons may be particularly vulnerable should they be infected with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of a parent sending their COVID-19-positive child to school, Burke said, \"I consider that to be basic child endangerment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child tested positive for the virus during the week of Nov. 8, Geithman said. Both children continued to attend school the rest of that week and into the following week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child and their sibling, who later tested positive as well, are students in the district's Neil Cummins Elementary School in Corte Madera, a town in Marin County 15 miles north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parents did not notify the school of the positive test or return multiple calls from public health contact tracers, Geithman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our enforcement team is evaluating the circumstances and will respond accordingly,\" Marin County Public Health said in a statement. “Thankfully, this is the only known occurrence of a household knowingly sending a COVID-19 positive student to school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis, the county health officer, said when the school's principal spoke to the family, “they had cited that they were not clear on the protocol” to isolate the child after the positive test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis said language barriers or economic factors — meaning the parents could not take time off from work when the kids needed to isolate at home — did not appear to be a factor for the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said it was \"quite simple” for people to know not to send their children to school if they test positive for the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I've heard from other parents is that they are definitely frustrated and there definitely was anger at the family that made this poor, or this lack of, judgment,\" Geithman, the superintendent, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 18, public health officials contacted the school district after they noticed a discrepancy in records, according to Geithman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“'We noticed you didn’t enter student X into the database'” of students with COVID-19, Geithman said district officials were told.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district immediately contacted the families of students who were exposed and told them to report to the school for rapid testing the next morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of eight students tested positive: the original student, their sibling, three classmates with suspected school-based transmissions and three students with suspected household transmissions. None of the students experienced serious illness or had to be hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 75 students were exposed to the virus from the eight cases, the superintendent said. No staff members tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools have an indoor mask mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Had those children been unmasked, we would have seen a lot more transmission,” Willis said. “We depend on one another to prevent spread and this is kind of a stark and unfortunate lesson in what happens when we don’t follow the protocols.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geithman said he did not know whether the original student and their sibling had received any doses of the vaccine. [aside tag=\"covid, coronavirus\" label=\"More COVID News\"]The district reopened for in-person instruction in October 2020 and this is its first case of classroom-based transmission, Geithman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This one family, as troubling as it's been, this is not the norm,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also an example of their reporting system working, Geithman said. When discrepancies were found between the public health system and the school district, the government acted to evaluate what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a number of checks and balances,\" Geithman said, \"and so it was these checks and balances that caught this unfortunate situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May there was an outbreak at Our Lady of Loretto School, a private parochial elementary school also in Marin County, linked to an unvaccinated teacher. The teacher would unmask while reading aloud to students — despite an indoor mask mandate — and worked at the school despite a cough, fever and headache until testing positive later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether 26 other people — including students and their parents — were infected. A report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, released in August, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7035e2.htm?s_cid=mm7035e2_w\">identified the virus in that outbreak as the delta variant\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press and KQED's Sara Hossaini contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geithman said that exactly what action was issued against the family is confidential. The family, however, caused a “safety risk” to students, staff and the school community that easily could have spread further over the Thanksgiving break if the exposed families had not been informed, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's important for them, which they do, to understand the gravity of their decision and the impact it had on our school, and how much worse it could have actually been,\" Geithman said. \"When you look at the numbers, in this particular case, it could have been a lot worse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Jane Burke, Marin superintendent of schools, said the parents' actions compromised the health and well-being of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is obviously very unsettling to find ourselves in a situation with this type of a breach that affects the health and welfare of, frankly, an entire community. This is not just school-based,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students in schools are immunocompromised, Burke said, or for other reasons may be particularly vulnerable should they be infected with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of a parent sending their COVID-19-positive child to school, Burke said, \"I consider that to be basic child endangerment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child tested positive for the virus during the week of Nov. 8, Geithman said. Both children continued to attend school the rest of that week and into the following week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The child and their sibling, who later tested positive as well, are students in the district's Neil Cummins Elementary School in Corte Madera, a town in Marin County 15 miles north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parents did not notify the school of the positive test or return multiple calls from public health contact tracers, Geithman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our enforcement team is evaluating the circumstances and will respond accordingly,\" Marin County Public Health said in a statement. “Thankfully, this is the only known occurrence of a household knowingly sending a COVID-19 positive student to school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis, the county health officer, said when the school's principal spoke to the family, “they had cited that they were not clear on the protocol” to isolate the child after the positive test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis said language barriers or economic factors — meaning the parents could not take time off from work when the kids needed to isolate at home — did not appear to be a factor for the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said it was \"quite simple” for people to know not to send their children to school if they test positive for the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I've heard from other parents is that they are definitely frustrated and there definitely was anger at the family that made this poor, or this lack of, judgment,\" Geithman, the superintendent, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 18, public health officials contacted the school district after they noticed a discrepancy in records, according to Geithman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“'We noticed you didn’t enter student X into the database'” of students with COVID-19, Geithman said district officials were told.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district immediately contacted the families of students who were exposed and told them to report to the school for rapid testing the next morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of eight students tested positive: the original student, their sibling, three classmates with suspected school-based transmissions and three students with suspected household transmissions. None of the students experienced serious illness or had to be hospitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 75 students were exposed to the virus from the eight cases, the superintendent said. No staff members tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools have an indoor mask mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Had those children been unmasked, we would have seen a lot more transmission,” Willis said. “We depend on one another to prevent spread and this is kind of a stark and unfortunate lesson in what happens when we don’t follow the protocols.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geithman said he did not know whether the original student and their sibling had received any doses of the vaccine. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The district reopened for in-person instruction in October 2020 and this is its first case of classroom-based transmission, Geithman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This one family, as troubling as it's been, this is not the norm,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also an example of their reporting system working, Geithman said. When discrepancies were found between the public health system and the school district, the government acted to evaluate what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a number of checks and balances,\" Geithman said, \"and so it was these checks and balances that caught this unfortunate situation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May there was an outbreak at Our Lady of Loretto School, a private parochial elementary school also in Marin County, linked to an unvaccinated teacher. The teacher would unmask while reading aloud to students — despite an indoor mask mandate — and worked at the school despite a cough, fever and headache until testing positive later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether 26 other people — including students and their parents — were infected. A report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, released in August, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7035e2.htm?s_cid=mm7035e2_w\">identified the virus in that outbreak as the delta variant\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "Oakland’s Impending Student Vaccine Mandate Could Strain District’s Distance Learning Program | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Oakland’s Sojourner Truth Independent Study distance learning program is expecting a large, new wave of enrollments \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.ousd.org/Page/21114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.ousd.org/Page/21114\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\" data-remove-tab-index=\"true\">after Jan. 31\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when Oakland Unified School District students age 12 and over who aren’t fully vaccinated or haven’t received exemptions will have to transfer to the program — or get on the waitlist — or unenroll from the district altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But questions remain about whether the program, which serves K-12 students, is prepared to handle the influx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it does happen that there’s some flood of students who are unvaccinated, we could take a few more, but I don’t see how they could expand the program forever,” said Mark Airgood, a middle school math and science teacher at Sojourner Truth. “They would have to come up with plan B.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60% of students 12 and over are at least partially vaccinated, according to district data. Oakland school board director Mike Hutchinson, who opposed the vaccine mandate, said despite ongoing outreach efforts, that rate isn’t rising fast enough, and stark disparities among neighborhoods remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897994\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1100px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11897994 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1.png\" alt=\"A map and a chart showing vaccination rates in among students 12 and older in Oakland.\" width=\"1100\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1.png 1100w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1-800x582.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1-1020x742.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1-160x116.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">District student vaccine data as of Dec. 3, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m very worried about what it’s going to look like in a month,” he said. “This is going to have a huge impact in some areas of Oakland and not in others and we’re not prepared.”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gary Middleton, executive director of alternative education for OUSD\"]‘If we’re not prepared, we’re going to experience some of the aches and pains that we did previously.’[/pullquote]In a presentation to the school board this week, Gary Middleton, the district’s executive director of alternative education, said Sojourner Truth will need to hire more teachers to meet increased demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887194/in-oakland-distance-learners-face-confusion-teacher-shortage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The program got off to a rough start this school year\u003c/a>, when more than a thousand students enrolled, far exceeding district expectations, amid the spread of the delta variant. There weren’t nearly enough teachers — and students, parents and staff complained about a lack of communication and disorganization. The district \u003ca href=\"https://ousd.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=5209943&GUID=88E18BE8-61BE-4137-8A73-D8E6D64D6487\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spent more than $5.2 million\u003c/a> in federal COVID relief funds to expand the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t want to repeat that cycle,” Middleton told the board. “If we’re not prepared, we’re going to experience some of the aches and pains that we did previously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he hopes to have a new assistant principal in place by spring semester. “I just really want to be clear,” he said. “What we hear on the ground is that there may be a huge increase due to the vaccine mandate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Middleton’s team is surveying Sojourner Truth families to inform enrollment projections. So far, only about a quarter of families have responded, but 90% of those said they plan to stay put for the spring semester. Far fewer, 54%, said they’ll be sticking with the program next fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Chief Academic Officer Sondra Aguilera told the board that 4,500 students had not yet submitted proof of vaccination. So far only 29 have told the district they want to transfer to Sojourner Truth. But that possibly leaves thousands of students in the district without placement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilera said her team was looking into other ways to accommodate students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will likely need to identify additional sites so that we’re not only impacting Sojourner Truth,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, students who are waitlisted for the program will be allowed to attend school in person — unvaccinated — until they can enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the rocky start to the year, 17-year-old senior Aniyah Story said the school is largely working out for her. Story opted to stay online this year as a way to simplify her busy life and keep her pregnant mom safe. She has a job at a restaurant and volunteers on the Oakland Youth Advisory Commission, a group that advises the mayor and city council.[aside postID=\"mindshift_58749,news_11887707,news_11896682\" label=\"Related Posts\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a really heavy workload outside of school,” she said. “I felt like by coming into Sojourner Truth, I’d be able to be in more control and set my own pace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her family also moved to the Central Valley during the pandemic, making the logistics of finishing at Oakland High School complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, Story is thriving. She’s found she learns better by reading, rather than trying to absorb information from teachers’ lectures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually am learning a lot about myself,” she said. “The teachers I have this year, they’ve been really amazing. I can tell they’re working hard to just make it the best that they can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixteen-year-old Rochelle Berdan is also doing well academically, but unlike Story, she’s struggling with the program’s approach to remote learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grades look great, but I still feel super lonely in this school,” she said. “I just don’t feel connected to any single teacher at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The differences in their experiences reflect the tension between the program’s independent study roots and new requirements put in place this year by state lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, legislators allowed schools to run distance learning as an emergency alternative during the pandemic. Ahead of this school year, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/california-directs-districts-to-offer-remote-independent-study-this-fall/657578\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">they limited distance learning to independent study\u003c/a> in an effort to ensure districts fully reopened schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, independent study offered an individualized alternative to classroom learning. With the pandemic dragging on, the programs have had to serve more students than ever while meeting more stringent curriculum and class time requirements newly imposed by the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before COVID, the Sojourner Truth Independent Study program enrolled about 200 students, and fewer than 20 were elementary school age, according to the school’s principal, Willie Thompson. It’s now serving 1,019 students, including 450 TK through fifth graders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Sojourner Truth brought in new teachers to meet the demand, it has led to a mixture of teaching styles. According to students and teachers, some instructors expect students to work largely on their own, in a more traditional independent study approach, while others give lectures and lessons that mirror the kind of distance learning students experienced last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Berdan and Story, this means taking some classes through an online learning platform called Apex Learning with limited teacher interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just log in to Zoom and I’ll do my work,” Story said. “I don’t have to work with the teacher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, other classes “are like the traditional format where the teacher will do a lecture and we’ll do classwork,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Story was hoping for more independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought I was going to be able to set my own schedule, finish classes at my own pace and have more time of my day to work and do all my volunteering,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When school started, she learned the law had changed and she’d be required to attend Zoom classes regularly. On her longest days, Story is on Zoom from 8:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m., with breaks between classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as if they just took the traditional in-person school format and moved it online,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Story misses the freedom of a true independent study program, Berdan wants more interaction with teachers, not less. She longs for the kind of distance learning she’d come to expect from her Oakland High teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think you can make some room to be doing independent work, but also make time to build relationships with your students and help your students build relationships with one another,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Berdan and Story say they could use more social time with schoolmates. The two described classes almost entirely devoid of peer interaction. Even for students like Story, who mostly like the program, the isolation is difficult to cope with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m in my room all day doing schoolwork by myself,” Story said. “On Zoom, in class, I have students there, but it’s usually just a black screen with the name across it. I don’t really know any of the students personally. I’ve never met them before. Most of them, I don’t even know what they look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For teacher Airgood, things are going better than expected given how the year began. He was told what he’d be teaching on the second day of school, when, despite his 20 years of experience teaching special education, he was assigned to middle school math and science. He’s now teaching eight classes per week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airgood has seen students slowly get more comfortable speaking in class, or participating via chat, and he’s impressed with the interactive teaching materials available online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually been quite fun,” said Airgood, who adds that he’s averaged just under 30 students in class, with four kids unaccounted for since the start of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poor attendance is one reason Tamia Green’s 12-year-old daughter, who’s in seventh grade, is struggling in the program. Green is critical of school staff for not alerting her that her daughter had been missing class sooner. “I had no idea,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sending her daughter back to school in person is not an option, Green said, in part because she doesn’t want her vaccinated. “I know a lot of people who got the vaccine and still got COVID,” Green said. “So why would I get something that’s not going to protect me?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Story and Berdan are vaccinated, but they plan to stay in the program. Berdan often questions that decision and thinks about transferring back to Oakland High School. But neither she nor her parents feel it’s safe to return in person just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to take that chance, especially for my family,” she said. “What’s sad about it is I feel like I’m sacrificing in order to be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As of Friday, about 4,500 Oakland Unified students had not yet submitted proof of COVID-19 vaccination. They have until Jan. 31 to try to enroll in the district's independent learning program — which has a current capacity of just over 1,000 students — or be disenrolled from the district.",
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"title": "Oakland's Impending Student Vaccine Mandate Could Strain District's Distance Learning Program | KQED",
"description": "As of Friday, about 4,500 Oakland Unified students had not yet submitted proof of COVID-19 vaccination. They have until Jan. 31 to try to enroll in the district's independent learning program — which has a current capacity of just over 1,000 students — or be disenrolled from the district.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oakland’s Sojourner Truth Independent Study distance learning program is expecting a large, new wave of enrollments \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.ousd.org/Page/21114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.ousd.org/Page/21114\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\" data-remove-tab-index=\"true\">after Jan. 31\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when Oakland Unified School District students age 12 and over who aren’t fully vaccinated or haven’t received exemptions will have to transfer to the program — or get on the waitlist — or unenroll from the district altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But questions remain about whether the program, which serves K-12 students, is prepared to handle the influx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it does happen that there’s some flood of students who are unvaccinated, we could take a few more, but I don’t see how they could expand the program forever,” said Mark Airgood, a middle school math and science teacher at Sojourner Truth. “They would have to come up with plan B.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 60% of students 12 and over are at least partially vaccinated, according to district data. Oakland school board director Mike Hutchinson, who opposed the vaccine mandate, said despite ongoing outreach efforts, that rate isn’t rising fast enough, and stark disparities among neighborhoods remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897994\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1100px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11897994 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1.png\" alt=\"A map and a chart showing vaccination rates in among students 12 and older in Oakland.\" width=\"1100\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1.png 1100w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1-800x582.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1-1020x742.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Main-1-160x116.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1100px) 100vw, 1100px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">District student vaccine data as of Dec. 3, 2021.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m very worried about what it’s going to look like in a month,” he said. “This is going to have a huge impact in some areas of Oakland and not in others and we’re not prepared.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If we’re not prepared, we’re going to experience some of the aches and pains that we did previously.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In a presentation to the school board this week, Gary Middleton, the district’s executive director of alternative education, said Sojourner Truth will need to hire more teachers to meet increased demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887194/in-oakland-distance-learners-face-confusion-teacher-shortage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The program got off to a rough start this school year\u003c/a>, when more than a thousand students enrolled, far exceeding district expectations, amid the spread of the delta variant. There weren’t nearly enough teachers — and students, parents and staff complained about a lack of communication and disorganization. The district \u003ca href=\"https://ousd.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=5209943&GUID=88E18BE8-61BE-4137-8A73-D8E6D64D6487\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spent more than $5.2 million\u003c/a> in federal COVID relief funds to expand the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just don’t want to repeat that cycle,” Middleton told the board. “If we’re not prepared, we’re going to experience some of the aches and pains that we did previously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he hopes to have a new assistant principal in place by spring semester. “I just really want to be clear,” he said. “What we hear on the ground is that there may be a huge increase due to the vaccine mandate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Middleton’s team is surveying Sojourner Truth families to inform enrollment projections. So far, only about a quarter of families have responded, but 90% of those said they plan to stay put for the spring semester. Far fewer, 54%, said they’ll be sticking with the program next fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Chief Academic Officer Sondra Aguilera told the board that 4,500 students had not yet submitted proof of vaccination. So far only 29 have told the district they want to transfer to Sojourner Truth. But that possibly leaves thousands of students in the district without placement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilera said her team was looking into other ways to accommodate students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will likely need to identify additional sites so that we’re not only impacting Sojourner Truth,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, students who are waitlisted for the program will be allowed to attend school in person — unvaccinated — until they can enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the rocky start to the year, 17-year-old senior Aniyah Story said the school is largely working out for her. Story opted to stay online this year as a way to simplify her busy life and keep her pregnant mom safe. She has a job at a restaurant and volunteers on the Oakland Youth Advisory Commission, a group that advises the mayor and city council.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a really heavy workload outside of school,” she said. “I felt like by coming into Sojourner Truth, I’d be able to be in more control and set my own pace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her family also moved to the Central Valley during the pandemic, making the logistics of finishing at Oakland High School complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, Story is thriving. She’s found she learns better by reading, rather than trying to absorb information from teachers’ lectures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually am learning a lot about myself,” she said. “The teachers I have this year, they’ve been really amazing. I can tell they’re working hard to just make it the best that they can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixteen-year-old Rochelle Berdan is also doing well academically, but unlike Story, she’s struggling with the program’s approach to remote learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My grades look great, but I still feel super lonely in this school,” she said. “I just don’t feel connected to any single teacher at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The differences in their experiences reflect the tension between the program’s independent study roots and new requirements put in place this year by state lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, legislators allowed schools to run distance learning as an emergency alternative during the pandemic. Ahead of this school year, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2021/california-directs-districts-to-offer-remote-independent-study-this-fall/657578\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">they limited distance learning to independent study\u003c/a> in an effort to ensure districts fully reopened schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, independent study offered an individualized alternative to classroom learning. With the pandemic dragging on, the programs have had to serve more students than ever while meeting more stringent curriculum and class time requirements newly imposed by the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before COVID, the Sojourner Truth Independent Study program enrolled about 200 students, and fewer than 20 were elementary school age, according to the school’s principal, Willie Thompson. It’s now serving 1,019 students, including 450 TK through fifth graders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Sojourner Truth brought in new teachers to meet the demand, it has led to a mixture of teaching styles. According to students and teachers, some instructors expect students to work largely on their own, in a more traditional independent study approach, while others give lectures and lessons that mirror the kind of distance learning students experienced last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Berdan and Story, this means taking some classes through an online learning platform called Apex Learning with limited teacher interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just log in to Zoom and I’ll do my work,” Story said. “I don’t have to work with the teacher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, other classes “are like the traditional format where the teacher will do a lecture and we’ll do classwork,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Story was hoping for more independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought I was going to be able to set my own schedule, finish classes at my own pace and have more time of my day to work and do all my volunteering,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When school started, she learned the law had changed and she’d be required to attend Zoom classes regularly. On her longest days, Story is on Zoom from 8:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m., with breaks between classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as if they just took the traditional in-person school format and moved it online,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Story misses the freedom of a true independent study program, Berdan wants more interaction with teachers, not less. She longs for the kind of distance learning she’d come to expect from her Oakland High teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think you can make some room to be doing independent work, but also make time to build relationships with your students and help your students build relationships with one another,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Berdan and Story say they could use more social time with schoolmates. The two described classes almost entirely devoid of peer interaction. Even for students like Story, who mostly like the program, the isolation is difficult to cope with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m in my room all day doing schoolwork by myself,” Story said. “On Zoom, in class, I have students there, but it’s usually just a black screen with the name across it. I don’t really know any of the students personally. I’ve never met them before. Most of them, I don’t even know what they look like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For teacher Airgood, things are going better than expected given how the year began. He was told what he’d be teaching on the second day of school, when, despite his 20 years of experience teaching special education, he was assigned to middle school math and science. He’s now teaching eight classes per week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Airgood has seen students slowly get more comfortable speaking in class, or participating via chat, and he’s impressed with the interactive teaching materials available online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s actually been quite fun,” said Airgood, who adds that he’s averaged just under 30 students in class, with four kids unaccounted for since the start of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poor attendance is one reason Tamia Green’s 12-year-old daughter, who’s in seventh grade, is struggling in the program. Green is critical of school staff for not alerting her that her daughter had been missing class sooner. “I had no idea,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sending her daughter back to school in person is not an option, Green said, in part because she doesn’t want her vaccinated. “I know a lot of people who got the vaccine and still got COVID,” Green said. “So why would I get something that’s not going to protect me?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Story and Berdan are vaccinated, but they plan to stay in the program. Berdan often questions that decision and thinks about transferring back to Oakland High School. But neither she nor her parents feel it’s safe to return in person just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to take that chance, especially for my family,” she said. “What’s sad about it is I feel like I’m sacrificing in order to be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Stanford Infectious Disease Expert: What We Do and Don't Know About Omicron",
"title": "Stanford Infectious Disease Expert: What We Do and Don't Know About Omicron",
"headTitle": "KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>While much remains unknown about the omicron coronavirus variant, we do know it’s in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, federal, state and local officials announced that scientists at UCSF had detected the nation’s first confirmed case of omicron, in a San Francisco resident who returned from South Africa, where the variant was first discovered, more than a week ago. By Wednesday evening, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/02/new-york-omicron-covid-variant.html\">additional cases had been reported in Colorado, Minnesota and New York\u003c/a>.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Julie Parsonnet, Stanford University infectious disease expert\"]'We don't really know yet with omicron what the concern is. We know that it's likely to outcompete delta. ... We know that it may be the dominant form. But we don't know how much it's really going to matter in the various ways that we've protected our population.'[/pullquote]Officials said the infected San Francisco resident is fully vaccinated — though has not yet received a booster — and has mild symptoms that are improving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a Wednesday news conference, San Francisco Public Health Director Dr. Grant Colfax said the city is well positioned to respond to new variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our vaccine rate is high. More boosters are going into arms every day,\" he said, noting that kids age 5 to 11 are now getting vaccinated at a rapid pace. \"Our masking and vaccine requirements are among some of the most stringent in the country. These efforts have been very effective in helping slow the spread of the virus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out more on the few knowns and many unknowns about the omicron variant, KQED's Brian Watt spoke on Wednesday morning to \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/julie-parsonnet\">Dr. Julie Parsonnet\u003c/a>, a Stanford University infectious disease expert and professor of medicine, epidemiology and population health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Watt: It's probably no surprise to you that the omicron variant has been detected here, right? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Julie Parsonnet: No, not at all. We [the Bay Area] are one of the most diverse populations in the world. We have a lot of travel and we have a lot of people who move around and come into the area. We have a very rich economy that permits that to happen. And we have actually excellent testing here. So if there were a variant that appeared, we would find it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The person who was detected with this variant was fully vaccinated, not boosted, had mild symptoms and is already doing better. The people known as close contacts of this person have tested negative. What does this set of facts tell you about omicron?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've known for quite a while that asymptomatic people and people who are generally immune can carry this virus. Even before omicron existed, we knew that there were going to be people vaccinated who carried this virus asymptomatically, vaccinated and unvaccinated. So it's not a surprise that we might find omicron in a vaccinated person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel very reassured that it wasn't transmitted to their family, and I'm also very reassured that this person had mild symptoms. We're hearing rumors that perhaps this is not causing very severe symptoms, but we still have yet to really learn the spectrum of disease that this particular variant is going to cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>We expect viruses to develop mutations, but just how long does this happen in the life span of a virus? Is there an endpoint to this process?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, absolutely. So, everything mutates. All animals, they have mutations in their systems when their cells replicate. When you have an organism that has DNA, which is the great majority of organisms, we have repair systems. So in a human, when our cells turn over, the DNA gets repaired if it has a mistake in it. So every time you replicate the DNA or you copy it, you can have a mutation. But there are enzymes that clean those up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"omicron\"]RNA viruses, which don't have DNA — but they have RNA — don't have those enzymes that clean up the copy that's being made. And so they have mutations all the time. So every virus in every cell is going to be mutating all the time. They're going to have mistakes all the time. The great majority of those mistakes are going to be lethal — the virus can't survive. It can't do its functions with those mutations. It just kills it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of them that also occur don't do anything. They don't create a variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there are some mutations that actually survive. They usually take about 10 days for those to survive and to actually go in a way that it can move in through the population. So even if you have a mutation, for example, the immune system may not allow it to go forward or another form of the virus may outcompete it in the host.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So there are all these things that go on. Most mutations don't do anything, but some of them survive, and we're going to continue to see that happen. Viruses can do this infinitely, forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What lessons can be drawn from delta as you and other scientists around the world learn more about omicron?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that we should not get caught too much in the trap of just counting cases. For instance, we don't count cases of the common cold and we don't count cases because it doesn't really matter, right? It's important for us to know where this virus is, and it's important for us to really look at serious disease and death, which is what we've had to do with delta as well, and not get too wrapped up in finding each individual case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we don't really know yet with omicron what the concern is. We know that it's likely to outcompete delta. We know, at least from South Africa, it appears that's going to be the case. We know that it may be the dominant form. But we don't know how much it's really going to matter in the various ways that we've protected our population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don't know whether it's going to cause significant illness. We don't know how well the vaccines will work, how well the drugs will work, how well the monoclonal antibodies will work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a lot that we have to learn. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While much remains unknown about the omicron coronavirus variant, we do know it’s in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, federal, state and local officials announced that scientists at UCSF had detected the nation’s first confirmed case of omicron, in a San Francisco resident who returned from South Africa, where the variant was first discovered, more than a week ago. By Wednesday evening, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/02/new-york-omicron-covid-variant.html\">additional cases had been reported in Colorado, Minnesota and New York\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Officials said the infected San Francisco resident is fully vaccinated — though has not yet received a booster — and has mild symptoms that are improving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a Wednesday news conference, San Francisco Public Health Director Dr. Grant Colfax said the city is well positioned to respond to new variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our vaccine rate is high. More boosters are going into arms every day,\" he said, noting that kids age 5 to 11 are now getting vaccinated at a rapid pace. \"Our masking and vaccine requirements are among some of the most stringent in the country. These efforts have been very effective in helping slow the spread of the virus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out more on the few knowns and many unknowns about the omicron variant, KQED's Brian Watt spoke on Wednesday morning to \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/julie-parsonnet\">Dr. Julie Parsonnet\u003c/a>, a Stanford University infectious disease expert and professor of medicine, epidemiology and population health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Watt: It's probably no surprise to you that the omicron variant has been detected here, right? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Julie Parsonnet: No, not at all. We [the Bay Area] are one of the most diverse populations in the world. We have a lot of travel and we have a lot of people who move around and come into the area. We have a very rich economy that permits that to happen. And we have actually excellent testing here. So if there were a variant that appeared, we would find it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The person who was detected with this variant was fully vaccinated, not boosted, had mild symptoms and is already doing better. The people known as close contacts of this person have tested negative. What does this set of facts tell you about omicron?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've known for quite a while that asymptomatic people and people who are generally immune can carry this virus. Even before omicron existed, we knew that there were going to be people vaccinated who carried this virus asymptomatically, vaccinated and unvaccinated. So it's not a surprise that we might find omicron in a vaccinated person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I feel very reassured that it wasn't transmitted to their family, and I'm also very reassured that this person had mild symptoms. We're hearing rumors that perhaps this is not causing very severe symptoms, but we still have yet to really learn the spectrum of disease that this particular variant is going to cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>We expect viruses to develop mutations, but just how long does this happen in the life span of a virus? Is there an endpoint to this process?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, absolutely. So, everything mutates. All animals, they have mutations in their systems when their cells replicate. When you have an organism that has DNA, which is the great majority of organisms, we have repair systems. So in a human, when our cells turn over, the DNA gets repaired if it has a mistake in it. So every time you replicate the DNA or you copy it, you can have a mutation. But there are enzymes that clean those up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>RNA viruses, which don't have DNA — but they have RNA — don't have those enzymes that clean up the copy that's being made. And so they have mutations all the time. So every virus in every cell is going to be mutating all the time. They're going to have mistakes all the time. The great majority of those mistakes are going to be lethal — the virus can't survive. It can't do its functions with those mutations. It just kills it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of them that also occur don't do anything. They don't create a variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there are some mutations that actually survive. They usually take about 10 days for those to survive and to actually go in a way that it can move in through the population. So even if you have a mutation, for example, the immune system may not allow it to go forward or another form of the virus may outcompete it in the host.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So there are all these things that go on. Most mutations don't do anything, but some of them survive, and we're going to continue to see that happen. Viruses can do this infinitely, forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What lessons can be drawn from delta as you and other scientists around the world learn more about omicron?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that we should not get caught too much in the trap of just counting cases. For instance, we don't count cases of the common cold and we don't count cases because it doesn't really matter, right? It's important for us to know where this virus is, and it's important for us to really look at serious disease and death, which is what we've had to do with delta as well, and not get too wrapped up in finding each individual case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we don't really know yet with omicron what the concern is. We know that it's likely to outcompete delta. We know, at least from South Africa, it appears that's going to be the case. We know that it may be the dominant form. But we don't know how much it's really going to matter in the various ways that we've protected our population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don't know whether it's going to cause significant illness. We don't know how well the vaccines will work, how well the drugs will work, how well the monoclonal antibodies will work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a lot that we have to learn. And so far, I don't think the signals are terribly worrisome in that regard, but we have to be really vigilant to figure that out.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11897771\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: word bubbles read, "how do you pronounce it?" by the word "omicron." Pronunciation reads: oh-ma-cron, oh-mih-krahn, oh-krahp-again, oh-ma-don't-panic, oh-ma-vaccinate-your-kids, on-my-way-to-get-a-booster.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1229\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-800x512.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-1020x653.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-160x102.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-1536x983.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>With the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977807/first-u-s-case-of-omicron-variant-found-in-california\">first U.S. case of the omicron variant now identified in San Francisco\u003c/a>, public health experts say that \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreomicronsf02\">vaccines and booster shots are still your best defenses against COVID\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much is unknown about the new variant that was first detected in South Africa, and we’ll soon learn more about how infectious it is and what level of protection existing vaccines offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one thing seems pretty certain: People have been pronouncing “omicron” in a myriad of ways (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/juliachanb/status/1466087722917892096\">it’s “OH-mi-krahn,” but it depends on who you ask\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, there are even \u003cem>more\u003c/em> ways to protect yourself from COVID, from social distancing to face masks to vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stay safe, and stay calm …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11897771\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: word bubbles read, "how do you pronounce it?" by the word "omicron." Pronunciation reads: oh-ma-cron, oh-mih-krahn, oh-krahp-again, oh-ma-don't-panic, oh-ma-vaccinate-your-kids, on-my-way-to-get-a-booster.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1229\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-800x512.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-1020x653.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-160x102.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/omicron_120121_final-1536x983.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>With the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977807/first-u-s-case-of-omicron-variant-found-in-california\">first U.S. case of the omicron variant now identified in San Francisco\u003c/a>, public health experts say that \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreomicronsf02\">vaccines and booster shots are still your best defenses against COVID\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much is unknown about the new variant that was first detected in South Africa, and we’ll soon learn more about how infectious it is and what level of protection existing vaccines offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one thing seems pretty certain: People have been pronouncing “omicron” in a myriad of ways (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/juliachanb/status/1466087722917892096\">it’s “OH-mi-krahn,” but it depends on who you ask\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, there are even \u003cem>more\u003c/em> ways to protect yourself from COVID, from social distancing to face masks to vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stay safe, and stay calm …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal health officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1201-omicron-variant.html\">confirmed Wednesday that the first U.S. case of the COVID-19 omicron variant was detected in San Francisco\u003c/a>. According to the CDC, the infected individual — a traveler who returned from South Africa on Nov. 22 — was fully vaccinated. The San Francisco Department of Public Health later confirmed the individual is a San Francisco resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The individual is currently self-quarantining and has mild symptoms. In a joint statement, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR21-341.aspx\">state and local health authorities said that the case was identified thanks to viral sequencing technology\u003c/a> from UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must remain vigilant against this variant, but it is not a cause for panic,” the statement said. “To help detect and prevent the spread of this new variant, the State of California is increasing COVID-19 testing at our airports for arrivals from countries identified by the [CDC].”[aside postID=news_11890031 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS52115_GettyImages-1344323369-qut.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case was found after \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/11/30/world/omicron-variant-covid\">federal health officials announced they were expanding the search for the variant across the country\u003c/a>, including at San Francisco International Airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As health officials proceed with contact tracing to gauge the spread of infection, researchers race to understand the variant. There are still many questions about omicron: whether it’s more contagious, whether it’s more deadly and how the vaccines hold up against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, The Bay spoke with Dr. Chaz Langelier, assistant professor of medicine at UCSF to better understand how the virus mutated and how the Bay Area has prepared ahead of the variant’s arrival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"embed-code\" class=\"inconsolata\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5545507279&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for length and clarity. You can hear the extended version in the latest episode of The Bay.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bay’s Ericka Cruz Guevarra: There are many COVID-19 variants out in the world, and we know that some are more concerning than others, like the delta variant earlier this summer. Why are health authorities especially concerned about the omicron variant?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Chaz Langelier\u003c/strong>: Well, there’s a couple of reasons, but one of the reasons is because it contains more new mutations than have ever been seen before in a single variant. Many of the mutations that have been observed have been studied before and have been found to make the virus more transmissible and better able to evade the immune response. So not only were there a lot of mutations, but several that are known to be bad actors. So all of a sudden we had some of the worst mutations, all in one virus, coupled with many more that had never been seen before.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Do we know how the virus mutated into this particular variant?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t. What we do know by studying the coronavirus is that on average, approximately on a monthly basis, the virus would be expected to accumulate two new mutations. What likely happened here was some type of accelerated evolution, and that most commonly would be expected to happen within a single individual, as opposed to the virus acquiring mutations [while] being transmitted through a population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t know where it happened nor when it happened, but most likely there was some type of incubation in an individual with some type of suppressed immune response, where the virus just wasn’t able to be cleared effectively. So [the virus] had that opportunity to continue to evolve and try to evade the weakened immune response that existed in that person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do we know whether it is even more deadly or more severe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t know that either. That is certainly a second key question, in addition to, is it more infectious and transmissible … We do know from a number of the few reported cases that the infections seem to be mild, but we just don’t have enough information yet in terms of exactly what things will look like across a broader population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are fully vaccinated people protected?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11896107\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1234850823-1020x680.jpg\"]We know that some of the people who have been infected with omicron have been vaccinated, so it does appear to have the ability to cause breakthrough infections, but so does delta. What we know from looking at delta and from our experience with other variants is that the vaccines we have work well against a number of variants, even though they weren’t originally designed to work against those variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, for instance, the vaccines by and large were designed against an original coronavirus lineage that didn’t have all the mutations yet [and] still may confer excellent protection against severe disease and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We still don’t know exactly to what degree omicron might evade our immune response, vaccine-induced or otherwise. But I think most people suspect that vaccines, in particular vaccines plus boosters, will give an important degree of protection and probably protect against severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How concerned should we be about the new variant here in the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to be aware. It’s important to be moderately concerned, but also important to recognize that we are fortunate in the bay to live among people who by and large have done a very good job at getting vaccinated. Throughout the Bay Area, 75% to 85% of people are vaccinated. Let’s say if it is more transmissible than delta, it will give us that extra degree of protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But globally, in terms of how concerned we should be, the whole world is a bit on edge because there are still so many unknowns. I think that this really emphasizes the fact that nobody is truly safe from COVID-19 until everybody is safe and vaccinated. When we have regions in the world where very few people have had access to vaccines, that really increases the risk of everyone for being exposed to a new variant that might develop and spread more rapidly than would otherwise happen in a highly vaccinated population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking ahead, what are the big questions and thoughts on your mind about omicron and just the next few weeks of this pandemic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there are three three main questions. No. 1, is omicron more transmissible, and will it outcompete delta and cause another surge? To what degree will it evade our immune responses, vaccine-induced or natural? And to what degree might it evade some of the monoclonal antibody therapies that are currently being used? And then, No. 3, will it cause more severe disease?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='coronavirus']\u003cstrong>We’re still very early on understanding how this variant works. Exactly when will we know answers to the questions we have about omicron?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, within a few days of identifying the omicron variant, scientists were already testing the impact of this new variant on immune responses. So those experiments are underway. In most cases, they take several weeks to generate an answer. But I think we’ll probably start getting our first clues in terms of the impact of some of these mutations on evading the immune response within a couple of weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal health officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s1201-omicron-variant.html\">confirmed Wednesday that the first U.S. case of the COVID-19 omicron variant was detected in San Francisco\u003c/a>. According to the CDC, the infected individual — a traveler who returned from South Africa on Nov. 22 — was fully vaccinated. The San Francisco Department of Public Health later confirmed the individual is a San Francisco resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The individual is currently self-quarantining and has mild symptoms. In a joint statement, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR21-341.aspx\">state and local health authorities said that the case was identified thanks to viral sequencing technology\u003c/a> from UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must remain vigilant against this variant, but it is not a cause for panic,” the statement said. “To help detect and prevent the spread of this new variant, the State of California is increasing COVID-19 testing at our airports for arrivals from countries identified by the [CDC].”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case was found after \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/11/30/world/omicron-variant-covid\">federal health officials announced they were expanding the search for the variant across the country\u003c/a>, including at San Francisco International Airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As health officials proceed with contact tracing to gauge the spread of infection, researchers race to understand the variant. There are still many questions about omicron: whether it’s more contagious, whether it’s more deadly and how the vaccines hold up against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, The Bay spoke with Dr. Chaz Langelier, assistant professor of medicine at UCSF to better understand how the virus mutated and how the Bay Area has prepared ahead of the variant’s arrival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"embed-code\" class=\"inconsolata\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5545507279&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The following interview has been edited for length and clarity. You can hear the extended version in the latest episode of The Bay.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bay’s Ericka Cruz Guevarra: There are many COVID-19 variants out in the world, and we know that some are more concerning than others, like the delta variant earlier this summer. Why are health authorities especially concerned about the omicron variant?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Chaz Langelier\u003c/strong>: Well, there’s a couple of reasons, but one of the reasons is because it contains more new mutations than have ever been seen before in a single variant. Many of the mutations that have been observed have been studied before and have been found to make the virus more transmissible and better able to evade the immune response. So not only were there a lot of mutations, but several that are known to be bad actors. So all of a sudden we had some of the worst mutations, all in one virus, coupled with many more that had never been seen before.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Do we know how the virus mutated into this particular variant?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t. What we do know by studying the coronavirus is that on average, approximately on a monthly basis, the virus would be expected to accumulate two new mutations. What likely happened here was some type of accelerated evolution, and that most commonly would be expected to happen within a single individual, as opposed to the virus acquiring mutations [while] being transmitted through a population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t know where it happened nor when it happened, but most likely there was some type of incubation in an individual with some type of suppressed immune response, where the virus just wasn’t able to be cleared effectively. So [the virus] had that opportunity to continue to evolve and try to evade the weakened immune response that existed in that person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do we know whether it is even more deadly or more severe?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t know that either. That is certainly a second key question, in addition to, is it more infectious and transmissible … We do know from a number of the few reported cases that the infections seem to be mild, but we just don’t have enough information yet in terms of exactly what things will look like across a broader population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are fully vaccinated people protected?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>We know that some of the people who have been infected with omicron have been vaccinated, so it does appear to have the ability to cause breakthrough infections, but so does delta. What we know from looking at delta and from our experience with other variants is that the vaccines we have work well against a number of variants, even though they weren’t originally designed to work against those variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, for instance, the vaccines by and large were designed against an original coronavirus lineage that didn’t have all the mutations yet [and] still may confer excellent protection against severe disease and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We still don’t know exactly to what degree omicron might evade our immune response, vaccine-induced or otherwise. But I think most people suspect that vaccines, in particular vaccines plus boosters, will give an important degree of protection and probably protect against severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How concerned should we be about the new variant here in the Bay Area?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to be aware. It’s important to be moderately concerned, but also important to recognize that we are fortunate in the bay to live among people who by and large have done a very good job at getting vaccinated. Throughout the Bay Area, 75% to 85% of people are vaccinated. Let’s say if it is more transmissible than delta, it will give us that extra degree of protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But globally, in terms of how concerned we should be, the whole world is a bit on edge because there are still so many unknowns. I think that this really emphasizes the fact that nobody is truly safe from COVID-19 until everybody is safe and vaccinated. When we have regions in the world where very few people have had access to vaccines, that really increases the risk of everyone for being exposed to a new variant that might develop and spread more rapidly than would otherwise happen in a highly vaccinated population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking ahead, what are the big questions and thoughts on your mind about omicron and just the next few weeks of this pandemic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there are three three main questions. No. 1, is omicron more transmissible, and will it outcompete delta and cause another surge? To what degree will it evade our immune responses, vaccine-induced or natural? And to what degree might it evade some of the monoclonal antibody therapies that are currently being used? And then, No. 3, will it cause more severe disease?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We’re still very early on understanding how this variant works. Exactly when will we know answers to the questions we have about omicron?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, within a few days of identifying the omicron variant, scientists were already testing the impact of this new variant on immune responses. So those experiments are underway. In most cases, they take several weeks to generate an answer. But I think we’ll probably start getting our first clues in terms of the impact of some of these mutations on evading the immune response within a couple of weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11897612\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: a prison guard holding a \"no vax mandate\" sign is arm in arm with a COVID-19 character and Gov. Newsom. The governor holds a briefcase of money from the prison guards union. Caption is \"Amicus Covidae, friend of covid.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1231\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final-800x513.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final-1020x654.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final-160x103.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final-1536x985.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Handing Gov. Gavin Newsom and the prison guards union a temporary victory, the \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreprisonvaccinemandate\">9th Circuit Court of Appeals on Friday blocked a COVID-19 vaccine mandate for prison workers\u003c/a> from taking effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You read that right: Newsom and the California Correctional Peace Officers Association have been on the same side in court, fighting against mandatory vaccines for people who work in prisons — even as the virus has infected more than half of the state’s incarcerated population since the pandemic began last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, our pro-science governor has pushed vaccine mandates … unless you’re in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/criminal-justice/2021/09/covid-vaccine-mandate-prison-guards-california/?mc_cid=0ef88bd688&mc_eid=d3b9709405\">union that oh-so-coincidentally gave him a million and a half dollars\u003c/a> to fend off the recent effort to recall him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How’s that for some clear (as mud) public health messaging?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11897612\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final.png\" alt='Cartoon: a prison guard holding a \"no vax mandate\" sign is arm in arm with a COVID-19 character and Gov. Newsom. The governor holds a briefcase of money from the prison guards union. Caption is \"Amicus Covidae, friend of covid.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1231\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final-800x513.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final-1020x654.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final-160x103.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/amicus_112921_final-1536x985.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Handing Gov. Gavin Newsom and the prison guards union a temporary victory, the \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fioreprisonvaccinemandate\">9th Circuit Court of Appeals on Friday blocked a COVID-19 vaccine mandate for prison workers\u003c/a> from taking effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You read that right: Newsom and the California Correctional Peace Officers Association have been on the same side in court, fighting against mandatory vaccines for people who work in prisons — even as the virus has infected more than half of the state’s incarcerated population since the pandemic began last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, our pro-science governor has pushed vaccine mandates … unless you’re in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/criminal-justice/2021/09/covid-vaccine-mandate-prison-guards-california/?mc_cid=0ef88bd688&mc_eid=d3b9709405\">union that oh-so-coincidentally gave him a million and a half dollars\u003c/a> to fend off the recent effort to recall him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How’s that for some clear (as mud) public health messaging?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court on Friday temporarily blocked an order that all California prison workers must be vaccinated against the coronavirus or have a religious or medical exemption. [pullquote] The stay ‘puts both the prison staff and the incarcerated population at greater risk of infection,’ said Don Specter, director of the nonprofit Prison Law Office, which represents incarcerated individuals in a long-running lawsuit over medical conditions in state prisons.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals granted a request for a stay of September’s lower court order pending an appeal. It also sped up the hearing process by setting a Dec. 13 deadline for opening briefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccination mandate was supposed to have taken effect by Jan. 12, but the appellate court stay blocks enforcement until sometime in March, when the appeal hearing will be scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge who issued the vaccination mandate followed the recommendation of a court-appointed receiver who was chosen to manage the state prison health care system after a federal judge in 2005 found that California failed to provide adequate medical care to prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to requiring COVID-19 shots for prison workers, U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar required vaccinations or exemptions for incarcerated people who want in-person visits or who work outside prisons, including incarcerated firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stay “puts both the prison staff and the incarcerated population at greater risk of infection,” said Don Specter, director of the nonprofit Prison Law Office, which represents incarcerated people in a long-running lawsuit over medical conditions in state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate was opposed by the state’s prison agency and Gov. Gavin Newsom, even though his administration previously had ordered vaccinations or testing for all state employees, including correctional employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The politically powerful California Correctional Peace Officers Association had argued that the mandate could create staff shortages if employees refused to comply. [aside tag=\"san-quentin\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messages to the governor’s office and corrections officials seeking comment on Friday’s stay weren’t immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original vaccination order was designed to head off another COVID-19 outbreak like the one that killed 28 incarcerated people and a correctional officer at San Quentin State Prison last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the virus enters a facility, it is very difficult to contain, and the dominant route by which it enters a prison is through infected staff,” Tigar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 50,000 incarcerated people in California — more than half of the state’s total incarcerated population — have had a confirmed case of COVID-19, and at least 242 have died from the disease, according to California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation statistics.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals granted a request for a stay of September’s lower court order pending an appeal. It also sped up the hearing process by setting a Dec. 13 deadline for opening briefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccination mandate was supposed to have taken effect by Jan. 12, but the appellate court stay blocks enforcement until sometime in March, when the appeal hearing will be scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge who issued the vaccination mandate followed the recommendation of a court-appointed receiver who was chosen to manage the state prison health care system after a federal judge in 2005 found that California failed to provide adequate medical care to prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to requiring COVID-19 shots for prison workers, U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar required vaccinations or exemptions for incarcerated people who want in-person visits or who work outside prisons, including incarcerated firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stay “puts both the prison staff and the incarcerated population at greater risk of infection,” said Don Specter, director of the nonprofit Prison Law Office, which represents incarcerated people in a long-running lawsuit over medical conditions in state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate was opposed by the state’s prison agency and Gov. Gavin Newsom, even though his administration previously had ordered vaccinations or testing for all state employees, including correctional employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The politically powerful California Correctional Peace Officers Association had argued that the mandate could create staff shortages if employees refused to comply. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messages to the governor’s office and corrections officials seeking comment on Friday’s stay weren’t immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original vaccination order was designed to head off another COVID-19 outbreak like the one that killed 28 incarcerated people and a correctional officer at San Quentin State Prison last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the virus enters a facility, it is very difficult to contain, and the dominant route by which it enters a prison is through infected staff,” Tigar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 50,000 incarcerated people in California — more than half of the state’s total incarcerated population — have had a confirmed case of COVID-19, and at least 242 have died from the disease, according to California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation statistics.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Don’t have time to go through the whole post? Jump to a specific section:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#scientists\">\u003cstrong>Why are scientists worried?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#moment\">\u003cstrong>What do we know at the moment?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#arise\">\u003cstrong>How did the new variant arise?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#restrictions\">\u003cstrong>Are there any travel restrictions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>South African scientists identified a new version of the coronavirus this week that they say is behind a recent spike in COVID-19 infections in Gauteng, the country’s most populous province. It’s unclear where the new variant actually arose, but it was first detected by scientists in South Africa and has now been seen in travelers to Belgium, Botswana, Hong Kong and Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health Minister Joe Phaahla said the variant was linked to an “exponential rise” of cases in the last few days, although experts are still trying to determine whether the new variant, named B.1.1.529, is actually responsible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11896107\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1234850823-1020x680.jpg\"]From just over 200 new confirmed cases per day in recent weeks, South Africa saw its daily number of new cases rocket to 2,465 on Thursday. Struggling to explain the sudden rise in cases, scientists studied virus samples from the outbreak and discovered the new variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement on Friday, the World Health Organization designated it as a “variant of concern,” naming it “omicron” after a letter in the Greek alphabet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After convening a group of experts to assess the data, the U.N. health agency said that “preliminary evidence suggests an increased risk of reinfection with this variant,” as compared to other variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of cases of this variant appears to be increasing in almost all provinces in South Africa,” the WHO said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"scientists\">\u003c/a>Why are scientists worried about this new variant?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It appears to have a high number of mutations — about 30 — in the coronavirus’s spike protein, which could affect how easily it spreads to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharon Peacock, who has led genetic sequencing of COVID-19 in Britain at the University of Cambridge, said the data so far suggests the new variant has mutations “consistent with enhanced transmissibility,” but said that “the significance of many of the mutations is still not known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence Young, a virologist at the University of Warwick, described the variant as “the most heavily mutated version of the virus we have seen.” He said it was concerning that although the variant was only being detected in low levels in parts of South Africa, “it looks like it’s spreading rapidly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Anthony Fauci, the U.S.’s top infectious diseases doctor, said American officials had arranged a call with their South African counterparts later on Friday to find out more details and said there was no indication the variant had yet arrived in the U.S.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"moment\">\u003c/a>What’s known and not known about the new variant?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Scientists know that the new variant is genetically distinct from previous variants, including the beta and delta variants, but do not know whether these genetic changes make it any more transmissible or dangerous. So far, there is no indication the variant causes more severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will likely take weeks to sort out whether the new variant is more infectious and whether vaccines are still effective against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sharon Peacock, University of Cambridge\"]‘The jury is out on how well this variant will do where there are other variants circulating.’[/pullquote]Even though some of the genetic changes in the new variant appear worrying, it’s unclear whether they will pose a public health threat. Some previous variants, like the beta variant, initially alarmed scientists but didn’t end up spreading very far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if this new variant could get a toehold in regions where delta is,” said Peacock of the University of Cambridge. “The jury is out on how well this variant will do where there are other variants circulating.” To date, delta is by far the most dominant form of COVID-19, accounting for more than 99% of sequences submitted to the world’s biggest public database.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"arise\">\u003c/a>How did the new variant arise?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus mutates as it spreads and many new variants, including those with worrying genetic changes, often just die out. Scientists monitor COVID-19 sequences for mutations that could make the disease more transmissible or deadly, but they cannot determine that simply by looking at the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peacock said the variant “may have evolved in someone who was infected but could then not clear the virus, giving the virus the chance to genetically evolve,” in a scenario similar to how experts think the alpha variant — which was first identified in England — also emerged, by mutating in an immune-compromised person.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"restrictions\">\u003c/a>Are the travel restrictions being imposed by some countries justified?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration has already \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/11/26/1059339865/coronavirus-variant-covid-omicron-travel-bans\">announced new travel restrictions\u003c/a> that include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique and Namibia. The policy does not apply to American citizens or lawful permanent residents, but they must still test negative for the coronavirus prior to travel. About a dozen other countries have taken similar action, including the U.K. and some countries in Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the recent rapid rise in COVID-19 in South Africa, restricting travel from the region is “prudent” and would buy authorities more time, said Neil Ferguson, an infectious diseases expert at Imperial College London.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='More COVID-19 Coverage' tag='coronavirus']Jeffrey Barrett, director of COVID-19 Genetics at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, thought that the early detection of the new variant could mean that restrictions taken now would have a bigger impact than when the delta variant first emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With delta, it took many, many weeks into India’s terrible wave before it became clear what was going on and delta had already seeded itself in many places in the world and it was too late to do anything about it,” he said. “We may be at an earlier point with this new variant so there may still be time to do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting from NPR.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>From just over 200 new confirmed cases per day in recent weeks, South Africa saw its daily number of new cases rocket to 2,465 on Thursday. Struggling to explain the sudden rise in cases, scientists studied virus samples from the outbreak and discovered the new variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement on Friday, the World Health Organization designated it as a “variant of concern,” naming it “omicron” after a letter in the Greek alphabet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After convening a group of experts to assess the data, the U.N. health agency said that “preliminary evidence suggests an increased risk of reinfection with this variant,” as compared to other variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number of cases of this variant appears to be increasing in almost all provinces in South Africa,” the WHO said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"scientists\">\u003c/a>Why are scientists worried about this new variant?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It appears to have a high number of mutations — about 30 — in the coronavirus’s spike protein, which could affect how easily it spreads to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharon Peacock, who has led genetic sequencing of COVID-19 in Britain at the University of Cambridge, said the data so far suggests the new variant has mutations “consistent with enhanced transmissibility,” but said that “the significance of many of the mutations is still not known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence Young, a virologist at the University of Warwick, described the variant as “the most heavily mutated version of the virus we have seen.” He said it was concerning that although the variant was only being detected in low levels in parts of South Africa, “it looks like it’s spreading rapidly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Anthony Fauci, the U.S.’s top infectious diseases doctor, said American officials had arranged a call with their South African counterparts later on Friday to find out more details and said there was no indication the variant had yet arrived in the U.S.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"moment\">\u003c/a>What’s known and not known about the new variant?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Scientists know that the new variant is genetically distinct from previous variants, including the beta and delta variants, but do not know whether these genetic changes make it any more transmissible or dangerous. So far, there is no indication the variant causes more severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will likely take weeks to sort out whether the new variant is more infectious and whether vaccines are still effective against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Even though some of the genetic changes in the new variant appear worrying, it’s unclear whether they will pose a public health threat. Some previous variants, like the beta variant, initially alarmed scientists but didn’t end up spreading very far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if this new variant could get a toehold in regions where delta is,” said Peacock of the University of Cambridge. “The jury is out on how well this variant will do where there are other variants circulating.” To date, delta is by far the most dominant form of COVID-19, accounting for more than 99% of sequences submitted to the world’s biggest public database.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"arise\">\u003c/a>How did the new variant arise?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus mutates as it spreads and many new variants, including those with worrying genetic changes, often just die out. Scientists monitor COVID-19 sequences for mutations that could make the disease more transmissible or deadly, but they cannot determine that simply by looking at the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peacock said the variant “may have evolved in someone who was infected but could then not clear the virus, giving the virus the chance to genetically evolve,” in a scenario similar to how experts think the alpha variant — which was first identified in England — also emerged, by mutating in an immune-compromised person.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"restrictions\">\u003c/a>Are the travel restrictions being imposed by some countries justified?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration has already \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/11/26/1059339865/coronavirus-variant-covid-omicron-travel-bans\">announced new travel restrictions\u003c/a> that include South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique and Namibia. The policy does not apply to American citizens or lawful permanent residents, but they must still test negative for the coronavirus prior to travel. About a dozen other countries have taken similar action, including the U.K. and some countries in Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the recent rapid rise in COVID-19 in South Africa, restricting travel from the region is “prudent” and would buy authorities more time, said Neil Ferguson, an infectious diseases expert at Imperial College London.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Jeffrey Barrett, director of COVID-19 Genetics at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, thought that the early detection of the new variant could mean that restrictions taken now would have a bigger impact than when the delta variant first emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With delta, it took many, many weeks into India’s terrible wave before it became clear what was going on and delta had already seeded itself in many places in the world and it was too late to do anything about it,” he said. “We may be at an earlier point with this new variant so there may still be time to do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes additional reporting from NPR.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California now has one of the lowest coronavirus infection rates in the country, with 1.9% of people testing positive for the disease in the last week as the nation's most populous state has so far avoided the uptick feared heading into the end-of-year holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coronavirus hospitalizations in the state have fallen about 14% in the last month — a trend state data models forecast will continue for the next month — but Gov. Gavin Newsom on Monday continued to sound the alarm about the potential for another winter spike that could overwhelm hospitals in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visiting a coronavirus vaccination clinic in San Francisco, Newsom urged people to wear masks and get COVID shots ahead of the long Thanksgiving holiday weekend. He pointed to at least 27 states that have seen at least a 10% increase in cases in the past week.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]'States are struggling because people are taking down their guard or claiming 'mission accomplished.' I don't want to see that happen here in California.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ask the governor of Michigan (or) Colorado how they are doing,\" Newsom said. \"States are struggling because people are taking down their guard or claiming 'mission accomplished.' ... I don't want to see that happen here in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has struck a more cautious tone compared to the spring when he lifted nearly all of California's pandemic restrictions and told people who were vaccinated they could stop wearing masks and socially distancing in some places. But a summer surge prompted some of the state's largest local governments to bring back mask mandates and other restrictions, creating a dizzying patchwork of policies across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last winter brought the deadliest surge of the pandemic to California and while a repeat isn't expected because so many people are vaccinated the state still could see a lesser surge as people gather indoors for the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That possibility prompted Santa Cruz County to reinstate its mask requirement on Sunday, just a few days after neighboring Monterey County lifted its mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, a potential winter surge appears to be a significant threat to the health and safety of our community,\" said Santa Cruz County Health Officer Dr. Gail Newel said in a statement.[aside postID=\"news_11896508,news_11895902,news_11895965\" label=\"Related Posts\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz County, located along the coast south of San Francisco, has a per capita infection rate only slightly above the state average. Of California's 58 counties, the ones with the highest rates are nearly all rural and have lower vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno County, an agricultural powerhouse of nearly 1 million people located in the Central Valley, is the most populated county among those in the top 10 for infections per 100,000 people. Los Angeles County, with its more than 10 million residents making up about a quarter of the state's population, has an infection rate that falls in the bottom third.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles became the nation's epicenter for the outbreak last winter when California saw its worst surge. Things got so bad that the National Guard had to bring in refrigerated trucks to store bodies at overwhelmed hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all of that happened before a coronavirus vaccine was available. Now, more than 75% of people 5 and older in California have gotten at least one dose. For adults 18 and older, more than 91% have received at least one dose. Nearly 5 million people have gotten a booster shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom continued to urge parents to get their children vaccinated. While speaking to reporters at the vaccine clinic he was interrupted by a child crying after receiving a shot. He joked that scene wouldn't lead a public service announcement \"but it is a very human moment.\" He then turned to applaud the child.\u003cbr>\nCalifornia plans to require all students in public and private schools to receive the coronavirus vaccine as a requirement for attending in-person classes. But that mandate won't take effect until the federal government gives final approval to the vaccine for children 5 and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California requires all public school staff and students to wear masks while indoors. Newsom said state officials might lift that rule once more children are vaccinated.\u003cbr>\n\"The virus will dictate those terms,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California now has one of the lowest coronavirus infection rates in the country, with 1.9% of people testing positive for the disease in the last week as the nation's most populous state has so far avoided the uptick feared heading into the end-of-year holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coronavirus hospitalizations in the state have fallen about 14% in the last month — a trend state data models forecast will continue for the next month — but Gov. Gavin Newsom on Monday continued to sound the alarm about the potential for another winter spike that could overwhelm hospitals in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visiting a coronavirus vaccination clinic in San Francisco, Newsom urged people to wear masks and get COVID shots ahead of the long Thanksgiving holiday weekend. He pointed to at least 27 states that have seen at least a 10% increase in cases in the past week.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ask the governor of Michigan (or) Colorado how they are doing,\" Newsom said. \"States are struggling because people are taking down their guard or claiming 'mission accomplished.' ... I don't want to see that happen here in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has struck a more cautious tone compared to the spring when he lifted nearly all of California's pandemic restrictions and told people who were vaccinated they could stop wearing masks and socially distancing in some places. But a summer surge prompted some of the state's largest local governments to bring back mask mandates and other restrictions, creating a dizzying patchwork of policies across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last winter brought the deadliest surge of the pandemic to California and while a repeat isn't expected because so many people are vaccinated the state still could see a lesser surge as people gather indoors for the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That possibility prompted Santa Cruz County to reinstate its mask requirement on Sunday, just a few days after neighboring Monterey County lifted its mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, a potential winter surge appears to be a significant threat to the health and safety of our community,\" said Santa Cruz County Health Officer Dr. Gail Newel said in a statement.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz County, located along the coast south of San Francisco, has a per capita infection rate only slightly above the state average. Of California's 58 counties, the ones with the highest rates are nearly all rural and have lower vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno County, an agricultural powerhouse of nearly 1 million people located in the Central Valley, is the most populated county among those in the top 10 for infections per 100,000 people. Los Angeles County, with its more than 10 million residents making up about a quarter of the state's population, has an infection rate that falls in the bottom third.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles became the nation's epicenter for the outbreak last winter when California saw its worst surge. Things got so bad that the National Guard had to bring in refrigerated trucks to store bodies at overwhelmed hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all of that happened before a coronavirus vaccine was available. Now, more than 75% of people 5 and older in California have gotten at least one dose. For adults 18 and older, more than 91% have received at least one dose. Nearly 5 million people have gotten a booster shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom continued to urge parents to get their children vaccinated. While speaking to reporters at the vaccine clinic he was interrupted by a child crying after receiving a shot. He joked that scene wouldn't lead a public service announcement \"but it is a very human moment.\" He then turned to applaud the child.\u003cbr>\nCalifornia plans to require all students in public and private schools to receive the coronavirus vaccine as a requirement for attending in-person classes. But that mandate won't take effect until the federal government gives final approval to the vaccine for children 5 and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, California requires all public school staff and students to wear masks while indoors. Newsom said state officials might lift that rule once more children are vaccinated.\u003cbr>\n\"The virus will dictate those terms,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Amazon to Pay California $500,000 for Failing to Properly Inform Employees of Workplace COVID Cases",
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"content": "\u003cp>Amazon has agreed to pay a half-million-dollar fine and be monitored by California officials to ensure it properly notifies its workers about new coronavirus cases, the state’s attorney general announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon employs about 150,000 people in California, most of whom work at the company’s 100 “fulfillment centers” — sprawling warehouses throughout the state where orders are packed and shipped. The agreement, which must be approved by a judge, requires the Seattle-based retailer to notify its workers within a day when new coronavirus cases are discovered in their workplaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon also agreed to notify local health agencies of new virus cases within 48 hours, and to stop issuing notices that Attorney General Rob Bonta says do not adequately inform employees of their rights related to the pandemic, or of steps the company is taking to ensure worker safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the company enjoyed booming and historic sales with its stock price doubling, Amazon failed to adequately notify warehouse workers and local health agencies of COVID-19 case numbers, often leaving them unable to effectively track the spread of the virus,” Bonta told reporters in San Francisco at an event held across the street from an Amazon warehouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This left many workers understandably terrified and powerless to make informed decisions to protect themselves and to protect their loved ones,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon spokesperson Barbara Agrait said in a statement that the company was “glad to have this resolved and to see that the AG found no substantive issues with the safety measures in our buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"amazon\"]The agreement stems from actions taken last year by then-state Attorney General Xavier Becerra, who now heads the U.S. Health and Human Services Department. Becerra in December asked a judge to order Amazon to comply with subpoenas that his office issued months earlier as part of its investigation into how the company was protecting workers from the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state attorney general’s office first disclosed the investigation in a July 2020 filing in a San Francisco Superior Court case in which an employee accused the company of not doing enough to safeguard staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how many Amazon employees have been exposed to the virus at work over the course of the pandemic. In October 2020, the company disclosed that nearly 20,000 of its front-line U.S. workers had tested positive or were presumed infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judgment, which applies only in California, requires the company to allow the attorney general’s office to monitor its employee virus notifications for a year, and to pay the half-million-dollar settlement, which will go toward enforcement of the state’s consumer protection laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta said the judgment is the first of its kind in the U.S., and complies with a state \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB685\">“right-to-know” law\u003c/a> that took effect last year, requiring employers to notify workers of coronavirus cases at worksites, inform them of pandemic-related protections and safety plans, and report all cases to local health agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/amazon_complaint.pdf\">complaint\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/amazon_stipj.pdf\">stipulation\u003c/a> were filed with the Sacramento County Superior Court on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Assembly Majority Leader Eloise Gómez Reyes, D-San Bernardino, who introduced the bill, said it was enacted after lawmakers heard stories of workers who were not told that they might have been exposed. Many California companies have since complied, she said, but some “found loopholes and they either failed or chose not to comply with the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement comes as Amazon hires a slew of additional temporary workers in preparation for the holiday crush of package deliveries. Bonta said compliance is particularly important as the state prepares for another possible winter surge in cases as more people travel and gather indoors for the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB701\">California this year also became the first state to prohibit big retailers from firing warehouse workers for missing quotas that interfere with bathroom and rest breaks.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law prohibits companies like Amazon from disciplining workers for following health and safety laws, and allows employees to sue their employers over unsafe quotas or undue retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amazon has agreed to pay a half-million-dollar fine and be monitored by California officials to ensure it properly notifies its workers about new coronavirus cases, the state’s attorney general announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon employs about 150,000 people in California, most of whom work at the company’s 100 “fulfillment centers” — sprawling warehouses throughout the state where orders are packed and shipped. The agreement, which must be approved by a judge, requires the Seattle-based retailer to notify its workers within a day when new coronavirus cases are discovered in their workplaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon also agreed to notify local health agencies of new virus cases within 48 hours, and to stop issuing notices that Attorney General Rob Bonta says do not adequately inform employees of their rights related to the pandemic, or of steps the company is taking to ensure worker safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the company enjoyed booming and historic sales with its stock price doubling, Amazon failed to adequately notify warehouse workers and local health agencies of COVID-19 case numbers, often leaving them unable to effectively track the spread of the virus,” Bonta told reporters in San Francisco at an event held across the street from an Amazon warehouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This left many workers understandably terrified and powerless to make informed decisions to protect themselves and to protect their loved ones,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon spokesperson Barbara Agrait said in a statement that the company was “glad to have this resolved and to see that the AG found no substantive issues with the safety measures in our buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The agreement stems from actions taken last year by then-state Attorney General Xavier Becerra, who now heads the U.S. Health and Human Services Department. Becerra in December asked a judge to order Amazon to comply with subpoenas that his office issued months earlier as part of its investigation into how the company was protecting workers from the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state attorney general’s office first disclosed the investigation in a July 2020 filing in a San Francisco Superior Court case in which an employee accused the company of not doing enough to safeguard staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear how many Amazon employees have been exposed to the virus at work over the course of the pandemic. In October 2020, the company disclosed that nearly 20,000 of its front-line U.S. workers had tested positive or were presumed infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judgment, which applies only in California, requires the company to allow the attorney general’s office to monitor its employee virus notifications for a year, and to pay the half-million-dollar settlement, which will go toward enforcement of the state’s consumer protection laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta said the judgment is the first of its kind in the U.S., and complies with a state \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB685\">“right-to-know” law\u003c/a> that took effect last year, requiring employers to notify workers of coronavirus cases at worksites, inform them of pandemic-related protections and safety plans, and report all cases to local health agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/amazon_complaint.pdf\">complaint\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/amazon_stipj.pdf\">stipulation\u003c/a> were filed with the Sacramento County Superior Court on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Assembly Majority Leader Eloise Gómez Reyes, D-San Bernardino, who introduced the bill, said it was enacted after lawmakers heard stories of workers who were not told that they might have been exposed. Many California companies have since complied, she said, but some “found loopholes and they either failed or chose not to comply with the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement comes as Amazon hires a slew of additional temporary workers in preparation for the holiday crush of package deliveries. Bonta said compliance is particularly important as the state prepares for another possible winter surge in cases as more people travel and gather indoors for the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB701\">California this year also became the first state to prohibit big retailers from firing warehouse workers for missing quotas that interfere with bathroom and rest breaks.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That law prohibits companies like Amazon from disciplining workers for following health and safety laws, and allows employees to sue their employers over unsafe quotas or undue retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On a Friday afternoon in early October, 8-year-old Maricia Redondo came home from her third grade class in San Pablo with puffy eyes, a runny nose and a cough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On Saturday morning we both got tested,” said Vanessa Quintero, Maricia’s 31-year-old mother. “Our results came back Monday that we were both positive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanessa stared at her phone in shock and called the Kaiser result hotline again, in disbelief.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Petra Gonzales\"]‘There were times when I’d fall asleep and I was OK if I didn’t wake up.’[/pullquote]“This is wrong,” she thought. “I hung up and dialed again. It’s positive. This is wrong. I hung up again. And then I did it again!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was freaking out for two reasons. First, her large, extended family fought a harrowing battle against COVID-19 last fall. Four generations live next door to each other in three different houses in San Pablo, all connected by a backyard. The virus traveled fast and furious through their homes this time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, Vanessa couldn’t fathom another round of treatment against a more dangerous variant. Delta is currently the predominant variant in the U.S., according to the \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/delta-variant.html#:~:text=%E2%80%A2%20Some%20data%20suggest%20the,the%20original%20virus%20strains.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/delta-variant.html#:~:text=%E2%80%A2%20Some%20data%20suggest%20the,the%20original%20virus%20strains.\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. It’s twice as contagious and can potentially cause more severe illnesses than previous variants in unvaccinated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895938\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895938 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three women stand by each other having a conversation on the sidewalk in front of a pink house.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three generations (from left to right): Vanessa Quintero, Petra Gonzales and Genoveva Calloway talk in front of their side-by-side homes in San Pablo on Nov. 3, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The family’s bad luck was uncanny. \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34126625/\">Research\u003c/a> suggests immunity against a natural infection lasts about a year. And here it was almost exactly the same time of year and the family was fighting COVID again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reinfection is a thing,” said UCSF infectious disease expert Dr. Peter Chin-Hong. “It probably manifests itself more when the variant in town looks different enough from the previous variants. Or enough time has elapsed since you first got it where immunity has waned.”[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"covid\"]He says a second infection is still not common, but doctors are starting to see more cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The second time it was scarier because I’m vaccinated,” said Vanessa. “Her dad’s vaccinated. We’re protected in that sense, but she’s [Maricia] not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her 8-year-old daughter was too young to qualify for a vaccine. The little girl lay in bed wheezing. Vanessa tripled down on Maricia’s asthma medication and the family isolated themselves inside. Vanessa shuddered at the prospect of telling her mother and grandma about a second round of positive test results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a family gathering on Halloween last fall, Maricia complained she wasn’t feeling good. Over the next few days Vanessa, her partner, mother, two cousins, two aunts, an uncle and two grandmothers tested positive for COVID. Eventually 13 family members caught the bug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not long before family members started racing to the hospital.\u003cbr>\nVanessa, who also suffers from asthma, was the first person in the family to rush to the emergency room. “I was on the floor,” she said. “I couldn’t even say I’m hungry without coughing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Vanessa’s 51-year-old mother, Petra Gonzales, almost blacked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got a really high fever,” said Petra. “There were times when I’d fall asleep and I was OK if I didn’t wake up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895822\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11895822\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing red glasses and a pink hoodie stares out a window.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genoveva Calloway looks out the front window of her home in San Pablo on Nov. 3, 2021. When she had COVID-19, friends and family would stop by to visit from outside the window. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Petra landed in the ER at Kaiser in Richmond with severe dehydration. Soon she heard that her 71-year-old mother, Genoveva Calloway, needed hospital care for dangerously low oxygen levels and was being treated at Kaiser Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Petra and Vanessa, who were not admitted for an extended stay at the hospital and slowly recovered at home, Genoveva’s condition was critical. She spent day after day under close supervision from doctors and nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really painful not to be able to help my family, because we always help each other,” said Genoveva as her voice cracked with emotion. “We are always there for each other. It was so horrible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, after nearly two weeks in the hospital, Genoveva was discharged. She was still connected to an oxygen machine as nurses shuffled her out. When Genoveva and Petra greeted each other on the street, they embraced fiercely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She hugged me so tight,” said Genoveva. “I’ll never forget that. We missed each other so much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year later, though, Genoveva is still recovering. She’s now plagued by interstitial lung disease. That’s why another round of the virus is a terrifying possibility.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Julie Parsonnet, professor of medicine and infectious diseases at Stanford University\"]‘Each exposure we have, whether it’s from the infection or whether it’s from the vaccine, improves our ability to combat an infection the next time around.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately the family’s worst fears did not unfold. Genoveva was out of town when her great-granddaughter, Maricia, brought the virus home, and Maricia herself recovered. And the other adults did not develop symptoms. They credit their vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each exposure we have, whether it’s from the infection or whether it’s from the vaccine, improves our ability to combat an infection the next time around,” said Julie Parsonnet, professor of medicine and infectious diseases at Stanford University. But Parsonnet says there are a lot of variables at play. First, immunity wanes. Second, the virus can mutate. Third, vaccines are not foolproof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are certain people, including the elderly, people who are immunocompromised and people on dialysis, who really can’t mount a good immune response,” said Parsonnet. “They’re always also going to be at risk. So every child getting vaccinated helps protect all those other people in the family that they may live with or their neighbors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is really common where Genoveva lives in San Pablo. The city is a hot spot in \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/projects/california-coronavirus-cases-tracking-outbreak/contra-costa-county/\">Contra Costa County\u003c/a>, where 1 out of 11 people have tested positive. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the height of the pandemic, nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.coronavirus.cchealth.org/overview\">800 people\u003c/a> tested positive every day. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our neighborhood has three, four generations living in the same house,” Genoveva said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She looks forward to the day when her great-grandchildren and her whole community are finally vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is wrong,” she thought. “I hung up and dialed again. It’s positive. This is wrong. I hung up again. And then I did it again!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was freaking out for two reasons. First, her large, extended family fought a harrowing battle against COVID-19 last fall. Four generations live next door to each other in three different houses in San Pablo, all connected by a backyard. The virus traveled fast and furious through their homes this time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, Vanessa couldn’t fathom another round of treatment against a more dangerous variant. Delta is currently the predominant variant in the U.S., according to the \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/delta-variant.html#:~:text=%E2%80%A2%20Some%20data%20suggest%20the,the%20original%20virus%20strains.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/delta-variant.html#:~:text=%E2%80%A2%20Some%20data%20suggest%20the,the%20original%20virus%20strains.\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. It’s twice as contagious and can potentially cause more severe illnesses than previous variants in unvaccinated people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895938\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895938 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three women stand by each other having a conversation on the sidewalk in front of a pink house.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52412_021_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Three generations (from left to right): Vanessa Quintero, Petra Gonzales and Genoveva Calloway talk in front of their side-by-side homes in San Pablo on Nov. 3, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The family’s bad luck was uncanny. \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34126625/\">Research\u003c/a> suggests immunity against a natural infection lasts about a year. And here it was almost exactly the same time of year and the family was fighting COVID again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reinfection is a thing,” said UCSF infectious disease expert Dr. Peter Chin-Hong. “It probably manifests itself more when the variant in town looks different enough from the previous variants. Or enough time has elapsed since you first got it where immunity has waned.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He says a second infection is still not common, but doctors are starting to see more cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The second time it was scarier because I’m vaccinated,” said Vanessa. “Her dad’s vaccinated. We’re protected in that sense, but she’s [Maricia] not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her 8-year-old daughter was too young to qualify for a vaccine. The little girl lay in bed wheezing. Vanessa tripled down on Maricia’s asthma medication and the family isolated themselves inside. Vanessa shuddered at the prospect of telling her mother and grandma about a second round of positive test results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a family gathering on Halloween last fall, Maricia complained she wasn’t feeling good. Over the next few days Vanessa, her partner, mother, two cousins, two aunts, an uncle and two grandmothers tested positive for COVID. Eventually 13 family members caught the bug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not long before family members started racing to the hospital.\u003cbr>\nVanessa, who also suffers from asthma, was the first person in the family to rush to the emergency room. “I was on the floor,” she said. “I couldn’t even say I’m hungry without coughing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Vanessa’s 51-year-old mother, Petra Gonzales, almost blacked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got a really high fever,” said Petra. “There were times when I’d fall asleep and I was OK if I didn’t wake up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895822\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11895822\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing red glasses and a pink hoodie stares out a window.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/RS52406_015_SanPablo_FamilyCOVIDTwice_11032021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genoveva Calloway looks out the front window of her home in San Pablo on Nov. 3, 2021. When she had COVID-19, friends and family would stop by to visit from outside the window. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Petra landed in the ER at Kaiser in Richmond with severe dehydration. Soon she heard that her 71-year-old mother, Genoveva Calloway, needed hospital care for dangerously low oxygen levels and was being treated at Kaiser Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Petra and Vanessa, who were not admitted for an extended stay at the hospital and slowly recovered at home, Genoveva’s condition was critical. She spent day after day under close supervision from doctors and nurses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really painful not to be able to help my family, because we always help each other,” said Genoveva as her voice cracked with emotion. “We are always there for each other. It was so horrible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, after nearly two weeks in the hospital, Genoveva was discharged. She was still connected to an oxygen machine as nurses shuffled her out. When Genoveva and Petra greeted each other on the street, they embraced fiercely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She hugged me so tight,” said Genoveva. “I’ll never forget that. We missed each other so much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year later, though, Genoveva is still recovering. She’s now plagued by interstitial lung disease. That’s why another round of the virus is a terrifying possibility.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Each exposure we have, whether it’s from the infection or whether it’s from the vaccine, improves our ability to combat an infection the next time around.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately the family’s worst fears did not unfold. Genoveva was out of town when her great-granddaughter, Maricia, brought the virus home, and Maricia herself recovered. And the other adults did not develop symptoms. They credit their vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each exposure we have, whether it’s from the infection or whether it’s from the vaccine, improves our ability to combat an infection the next time around,” said Julie Parsonnet, professor of medicine and infectious diseases at Stanford University. But Parsonnet says there are a lot of variables at play. First, immunity wanes. Second, the virus can mutate. Third, vaccines are not foolproof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are certain people, including the elderly, people who are immunocompromised and people on dialysis, who really can’t mount a good immune response,” said Parsonnet. “They’re always also going to be at risk. So every child getting vaccinated helps protect all those other people in the family that they may live with or their neighbors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is really common where Genoveva lives in San Pablo. The city is a hot spot in \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/projects/california-coronavirus-cases-tracking-outbreak/contra-costa-county/\">Contra Costa County\u003c/a>, where 1 out of 11 people have tested positive. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the height of the pandemic, nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.coronavirus.cchealth.org/overview\">800 people\u003c/a> tested positive every day. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our neighborhood has three, four generations living in the same house,” Genoveva said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She looks forward to the day when her great-grandchildren and her whole community are finally vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"planet-money": {
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
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