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"title": "The Little-Known History of Japanese Internment on Angel Island",
"headTitle": "The Little-Known History of Japanese Internment on Angel Island | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Off the coast of Tiburon, jutting out of the San Francisco Bay, is Angel Island. Accessible only by a ferry, it’s a large, hilly state park that offers sweeping views and miles of hiking trails. But it’s most famous for something less picturesque: its history as an immigration processing and detention center during the early 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821181\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11821181\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471-354x472.jpg 354w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Japanese internees stayed in Angel Island’s immigration barracks where Chinese immigrants had carved poems of sadness and anguish on the walls decades earlier. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I grew up in the Bay Area and visited the island with my class in middle school. We learned about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11443320/as-chinese-exclusion-act-turns-135-experts-point-to-parallels-today\">Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882\u003c/a> and the discrimination Chinese immigrants faced on Angel Island \u003ca href=\"https://www.aiisf.org/history\">from 1910-1940\u003c/a>. They were subjected to interrogations and invasive medical exams. Some were detained for months, or even years, in the crowded barracks. The poignant poems carved by Chinese immigrants onto the walls of Angel Island’s Immigration Station are still visible to visitors today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, a Bay Curious listener mused about \u003cem>another\u003c/em> part of the island’s past — something I hadn’t heard of before: “I wonder about Angel Island and the history of Japanese internment camps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a Chinese American, learning about the island’s immigration history had felt personally important, but this listener’s question about Japanese internees made me contemplate if I truly understood the full extent of Asian American history on the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>FBI Deems Those With Cultural Ties to Japan as ‘Enemy Aliens’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Until very recently, Angel Island’s Japanese internment history eluded even the island’s park rangers and tour guides. I met with Grant Din, a researcher and former volunteer with the Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation, who is virtually the only expert on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through a National Park Service grant, Din spent about five years digging into Angel Island’s role in the internment of Japanese people during World War II. Many are already familiar with this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10868581/photos-3-very-different-views-of-japanese-internment\">dark chapter of American history\u003c/a>, which remains to this day one of the most egregious examples of large-scale, federally sanctioned racial profiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11821185 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4473-800x571.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"571\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4473-800x571.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4473-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4473-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4473.jpg 1782w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grant Din (right), volunteer with the Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation, researched Angel Island’s Japanese internment history with the help of student researcher Marissa Shoji (left). \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the U.S. government arrested and detained more than 110,000 U.S. residents and citizens of Japanese descent along the West Coast. Authorized through \u003ca href=\"https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=74\">Executive Order 9066\u003c/a>, the decision was deemed a necessary precaution in case any people with Japanese ancestry living in the United States were secretly colluding with Japan’s war efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/show/asian-americans/\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11821314\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/asianamericans-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/asianamericans-1.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/asianamericans-1-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nPBS has a new documentary series called Asian Americans, about the identity, contributions and challenges experienced throughout American history. Watch it at \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/show/asian-americans/\">PBS.org\u003c/a>, using the PBS app or at \u003ca href=\"https://video.kqed.org/\">video.kqed.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Japanese civilians, including families with young children, were uprooted from their homes and businesses. They were relocated to internment camps in remote areas throughout the U.S. Close to two-thirds of them were American-born and thus legal U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, there was the group that Din researched: another category of Japanese internees who had secretly been under close scrutiny by the Department of Justice and FBI for months, even years before Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 17,000 Japanese issei immigrants (first generation residents born in Japan) were suspected of “subversive activities” and deemed the most “dangerous” threat to American security. The U.S. government called them “enemy aliens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After digging through national archives and researching historical accounts, Din compiled a database of these internees. About \u003ca href=\"https://www.aiisf.org/wwiidetainees\">700 West Coast Japanese residents\u003c/a>, mostly from Hawaii, were briefly interned on Angel Island beginning in February 1942. The island was one of several temporary locations — another Bay Area location includes \u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Sharp%20Park%20(detention%20facility)/\">Sharp Park in Pacifica\u003c/a> — where internees stayed for a week or so until being relocated to more permanent camps throughout the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821306\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11821306\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/download-800x601.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/download.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/download-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/download-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/download-536x402.jpeg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When Japanese internees arrived at Angel Island, they were housed in the same facilities where Chinese immigrants had been detained over previous decades. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the National Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government was suspicious of this group of people because of their perceived ties to Japan or Japanese culture. The FBI tracked their movements, collected intel from informants and kept secret dossiers. Some of these individuals were community leaders, Buddhist and Shinto ministers or members of kendo and other martial arts clubs. Others had contributed to organizations deemed “pro-Japan” by the U.S. government or worked in Japanese consulates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or sometimes, Din discovered, it was simply their hobbies: “I found that just the fact that one photographer had photographs of the Golden Gate Bridge, and a dam near Fresno under construction, was enough for them to label him a potential spy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his research findings, Din adds: “I didn’t find any concrete examples of any sabotage by any Japanese immigrants or Japanese Americans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Diary Entries Lead to Internment on Angel Island\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of these “enemy aliens” was a 46-year-old Japanese immigrant named Kakuro Shigenaga. A father of four young children and a salesman at a general store in Maui, Shigenaga was arrested by the FBI on Jan. 7, 1942.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821228\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11821228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/LorraineWInstonRuthSallyGreatgrandpaKakuroYoshie-1955-800x999.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"999\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/LorraineWInstonRuthSallyGreatgrandpaKakuroYoshie-1955-800x999.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/LorraineWInstonRuthSallyGreatgrandpaKakuroYoshie-1955-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/LorraineWInstonRuthSallyGreatgrandpaKakuroYoshie-1955-1020x1274.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/LorraineWInstonRuthSallyGreatgrandpaKakuroYoshie-1955-1920x2398.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kakuro Shigenaga (front, center) with his family in 1955. When he was arrested by the FBI, Kakuro was separated from his wife (front, right), father in law Toyokichi Kuwano (front, left) and four children (back row: Lorraine, Winston, Winston’s wife Ruth and Sally. Not pictured: Kakuro’s son Akira) for the duration of the war. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mark Shigenaga)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kakuro’s grandson, San Rafael resident Mark Shigenaga, discovered that both his grandfather and great uncle had passed through Angel Island while digging into his family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month after Pearl Harbor was attacked, the FBI seized Kakuro’s diary during a sweep when Kakuro happened to be visiting his brother, Shigeo Shigenaga, in Honolulu. The FBI claimed the diary’s entries contained anti-American and pro-Japanese writings. They became the centerpiece of Kakuro’s hearing, in which he was interrogated about his potential allegiance to Japan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"#transcript\">transcript of his hearing\u003c/a>, Kakuro expressed regret for writing sentiments that were perceived as anti-American. Through a Japanese translator, and without legal counsel, he insisted the writings were just a part of his daily, mindless exercise and that he was “earnestly desirous of peace” between Japan and the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821213\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Screen-Shot-2020-05-27-at-4.40.29-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11821213\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Screen-Shot-2020-05-27-at-4.40.29-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Screen-Shot-2020-05-27-at-4.40.29-PM.png 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Screen-Shot-2020-05-27-at-4.40.29-PM-160x202.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kakuro Shigenaga’s internment card follows his journey to camps around the United States. \u003ccite>( Courtesy of Mark Shigenaga)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In one critical round of questioning, Kakuro said he was not “for Japan,” but he also answered “no” when he was asked if he was against Japan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That answer may have gotten him interned. If he had said yes, it would have changed the fate of our whole family,” Mark said. He says his grandfather’s testimony reflects a radically honest assessment of what it meant to be a Japanese immigrant in the U.S. at that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So here he was, this person that was born in Japan, who immigrated to Hawaii. And then having the country of where he was born start a war with his new home,” Mark said. “And I think a lot of Japanese at the time were conflicted that way. It’s like, how could the country we were born from, where our ancestors are from, attack us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kakuro was found to be “a subject of the Japanese empire” and “disloyal to the U.S.” He was among the first group of 172 Japanese Hawaiian immigrants who boarded the USS Ulysses Grant in late February 1942 headed for Angel Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kakuro Shigenaga endured an uncomfortable 10-day sea voyage crammed into compartments below sea level. Author Patsy Saiki described the trip Kakuro and the other internees took as “days of humiliation and suffering” in a historical account of the journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In all, about eight ships…formed a convoy which zigzagged its way to San Francisco. There were no portholes for they were below sea-level…What made the internees miserable was that they were locked, eight or ten in a room, for three hours at a time. At the end of three hours the door was unlocked and a guard escorted the men to a makeshift oil barrel latrine…It was continued days of humiliation and suffering…Transferred into small tugboats, they sailed … to Angel Island, which housed the Quarantine Station. Some of the men had never seen San Francisco, and this glimpse of the city and its environs reminded them of the misty hills of Japan.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Upon arrival to Angel Island, Kakuro and the other men were photographed, fingerprinted and examined in the nude for “infectious diseases.” Then they were each given two blankets and were told to go upstairs to rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was extremely crowded and the odors were pretty strong and just the fact that, you know, 150 to 200 people were in this room designed really to hold about 60 was pretty overwhelming,” Din said. The room is 36 feet by 70 feet, and was lined with three tiered bunk beds. Men also slept on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most stays on the island were short, as men were quickly moved to inland internment camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kakuro stayed on Angel Island from March 1-9 in 1942, and for the next three years, he moved to five different camps across the country, including in New Mexico, Louisiana, Wisconsin and Tennessee before being released when the war ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike other civilian internees, Kakuro and other “enemy alien” internees were separated from their families for the entire duration of their internment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821206\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11821206\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-Shigenaga-at-Santa-Fe-DOJ-Camp-1944-45-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-Shigenaga-at-Santa-Fe-DOJ-Camp-1944-45-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-Shigenaga-at-Santa-Fe-DOJ-Camp-1944-45-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-Shigenaga-at-Santa-Fe-DOJ-Camp-1944-45-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-Shigenaga-at-Santa-Fe-DOJ-Camp-1944-45.jpg 1317w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kakuro Shigenaga at the Department of Justice internment camp in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where he was held from 1944-1945. After leaving Angel Island, Kakuro Shigenaga was transferred to five different camps throughout the United States. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Shigenaga family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A Legacy of Not Belonging\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Learning that his grandfather had been interned on Angel Island, just miles from where he lives now, was revelatory for Mark. “I take hikes on Angel Island! I had no idea that he was here, decades before I landed here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kakuro didn’t talk about his internment experience or the circumstances that led to his arrest when Mark was growing up. But discovering the way his grandfather navigated his cultural identity in the face of such high stakes added a new dimension to the man he remembers as a serious, yet gentle grandfather who he’d spend summers with as a child in Maui.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 711px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11821198 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-and-Mark-Kihei-Maui-1958.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"711\" height=\"888\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-and-Mark-Kihei-Maui-1958.jpg 711w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-and-Mark-Kihei-Maui-1958-160x200.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Shigenaga with his grandfather Kakuro in Kihei, Maui, in 1958. As a first-born grandson, Mark spent summers in Hawaii with Kakuro, hanging out in the general store where he worked. Mark says he was “one of the hardest working people I’ve ever seen.” \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mark Shigenaga)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The realization that my grandfather was on Angel Island sort of opens up this curiosity about what his experience was, not only Angel Island, but every other part of his experience and moving from camp to camp,” Mark said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says Kakuro urged his own kids to move off the island of Maui to the mainland to find new opportunities, despite the country’s imperfections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11821225\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-800x802.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"802\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-800x802.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-1020x1022.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-1920x1925.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-550x550.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-470x470.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kakuro Shigenaga (right) with his grandson Mark (left) and other grandchildren Arlene and Laurie Naito in 1962. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mark Shigenaga)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think about how the war experience shaped the way we were brought up,” Mark said. “Basically to be as American as possible, as American and apple pie as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, \u003ca href=\"http://www.asianpacificpolicyandplanningcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/STOP_AAPI_HATE_MONTHLY_REPORT_4_23_20.pdf\">anti-Asian verbal and physical attacks\u003c/a> are taking place across the country as some people blame Asian Americans for the coronavirus pandemic. I think about how that longing to be perceived as simply American — not as foreigners, “enemy aliens” or pandemic starters — is a core part of the modern-day Asian American experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the legacy of Angel Island isn’t only the important history it teaches us; it represents the persistent anxiety that many Asian Americans feel about belonging in America, and the high stakes of perpetually being perceived as “other.” It’s a feeling that’s lasted through generations, and it continues to inform how Asian Americans negotiate their identities today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Additional Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more on Kakuro Shigenaga’s internment history, as well as profiles of other Japanese internees who stayed on Angel Island, check out Grant Din’s research \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrant-voices.aiisf.org/?sfid=9152&_sf_s=JACS\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To search through Department of Justice case files of “enemy aliens” during World War II, visit the \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/research/japanese-americans/internment-files\">National Archives website\u003c/a> where you can find documents including transcripts, FBI reports and other records. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Think you may have had a family member who was interned on Angel Island during World War II? Check out this \u003ca href=\"https://www.aiisf.org/s/WWII-Detainees-on-Angel-Island-for-web.xlsx\">database of Angel Island Japanese internees\u003c/a> and contact Grant Din: \u003ca href=\"mailto:grant@tonaidin.net\">grant@tonaidin.net\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong id=\"transcript\">Transcript of Kakuro Shigenaga Internment Hearing\u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n[documentcloud url=“https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6929486-KakuroShigenagaTestimonyTranscript.html” responsive=true]\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"description": "Off the coast of Tiburon, jutting out of the San Francisco Bay, is Angel Island. Accessible only by a ferry, it’s a large, hilly state park that offers sweeping views and miles of hiking trails. But it’s most famous for something less picturesque: its history as an immigration processing and detention center during the early",
"title": "The Little-Known History of Japanese Internment on Angel Island | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Off the coast of Tiburon, jutting out of the San Francisco Bay, is Angel Island. Accessible only by a ferry, it’s a large, hilly state park that offers sweeping views and miles of hiking trails. But it’s most famous for something less picturesque: its history as an immigration processing and detention center during the early 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821181\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11821181\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471-687x916.jpg 687w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471-414x552.jpg 414w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4471-354x472.jpg 354w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Japanese internees stayed in Angel Island’s immigration barracks where Chinese immigrants had carved poems of sadness and anguish on the walls decades earlier. \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I grew up in the Bay Area and visited the island with my class in middle school. We learned about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11443320/as-chinese-exclusion-act-turns-135-experts-point-to-parallels-today\">Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882\u003c/a> and the discrimination Chinese immigrants faced on Angel Island \u003ca href=\"https://www.aiisf.org/history\">from 1910-1940\u003c/a>. They were subjected to interrogations and invasive medical exams. Some were detained for months, or even years, in the crowded barracks. The poignant poems carved by Chinese immigrants onto the walls of Angel Island’s Immigration Station are still visible to visitors today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, a Bay Curious listener mused about \u003cem>another\u003c/em> part of the island’s past — something I hadn’t heard of before: “I wonder about Angel Island and the history of Japanese internment camps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a Chinese American, learning about the island’s immigration history had felt personally important, but this listener’s question about Japanese internees made me contemplate if I truly understood the full extent of Asian American history on the island.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>FBI Deems Those With Cultural Ties to Japan as ‘Enemy Aliens’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Until very recently, Angel Island’s Japanese internment history eluded even the island’s park rangers and tour guides. I met with Grant Din, a researcher and former volunteer with the Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation, who is virtually the only expert on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through a National Park Service grant, Din spent about five years digging into Angel Island’s role in the internment of Japanese people during World War II. Many are already familiar with this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10868581/photos-3-very-different-views-of-japanese-internment\">dark chapter of American history\u003c/a>, which remains to this day one of the most egregious examples of large-scale, federally sanctioned racial profiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11821185 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4473-800x571.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"571\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4473-800x571.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4473-160x114.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4473-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/IMG_4473.jpg 1782w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grant Din (right), volunteer with the Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation, researched Angel Island’s Japanese internment history with the help of student researcher Marissa Shoji (left). \u003ccite>(Cecilia Lei/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the U.S. government arrested and detained more than 110,000 U.S. residents and citizens of Japanese descent along the West Coast. Authorized through \u003ca href=\"https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=74\">Executive Order 9066\u003c/a>, the decision was deemed a necessary precaution in case any people with Japanese ancestry living in the United States were secretly colluding with Japan’s war efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/show/asian-americans/\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11821314\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/asianamericans-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/asianamericans-1.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/asianamericans-1-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nPBS has a new documentary series called Asian Americans, about the identity, contributions and challenges experienced throughout American history. Watch it at \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/show/asian-americans/\">PBS.org\u003c/a>, using the PBS app or at \u003ca href=\"https://video.kqed.org/\">video.kqed.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Japanese civilians, including families with young children, were uprooted from their homes and businesses. They were relocated to internment camps in remote areas throughout the U.S. Close to two-thirds of them were American-born and thus legal U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, there was the group that Din researched: another category of Japanese internees who had secretly been under close scrutiny by the Department of Justice and FBI for months, even years before Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 17,000 Japanese issei immigrants (first generation residents born in Japan) were suspected of “subversive activities” and deemed the most “dangerous” threat to American security. The U.S. government called them “enemy aliens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After digging through national archives and researching historical accounts, Din compiled a database of these internees. About \u003ca href=\"https://www.aiisf.org/wwiidetainees\">700 West Coast Japanese residents\u003c/a>, mostly from Hawaii, were briefly interned on Angel Island beginning in February 1942. The island was one of several temporary locations — another Bay Area location includes \u003ca href=\"https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Sharp%20Park%20(detention%20facility)/\">Sharp Park in Pacifica\u003c/a> — where internees stayed for a week or so until being relocated to more permanent camps throughout the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821306\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11821306\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/download-800x601.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/download.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/download-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/download-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/download-536x402.jpeg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When Japanese internees arrived at Angel Island, they were housed in the same facilities where Chinese immigrants had been detained over previous decades. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the National Archives)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government was suspicious of this group of people because of their perceived ties to Japan or Japanese culture. The FBI tracked their movements, collected intel from informants and kept secret dossiers. Some of these individuals were community leaders, Buddhist and Shinto ministers or members of kendo and other martial arts clubs. Others had contributed to organizations deemed “pro-Japan” by the U.S. government or worked in Japanese consulates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or sometimes, Din discovered, it was simply their hobbies: “I found that just the fact that one photographer had photographs of the Golden Gate Bridge, and a dam near Fresno under construction, was enough for them to label him a potential spy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his research findings, Din adds: “I didn’t find any concrete examples of any sabotage by any Japanese immigrants or Japanese Americans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Diary Entries Lead to Internment on Angel Island\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of these “enemy aliens” was a 46-year-old Japanese immigrant named Kakuro Shigenaga. A father of four young children and a salesman at a general store in Maui, Shigenaga was arrested by the FBI on Jan. 7, 1942.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821228\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11821228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/LorraineWInstonRuthSallyGreatgrandpaKakuroYoshie-1955-800x999.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"999\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/LorraineWInstonRuthSallyGreatgrandpaKakuroYoshie-1955-800x999.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/LorraineWInstonRuthSallyGreatgrandpaKakuroYoshie-1955-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/LorraineWInstonRuthSallyGreatgrandpaKakuroYoshie-1955-1020x1274.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/LorraineWInstonRuthSallyGreatgrandpaKakuroYoshie-1955-1920x2398.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kakuro Shigenaga (front, center) with his family in 1955. When he was arrested by the FBI, Kakuro was separated from his wife (front, right), father in law Toyokichi Kuwano (front, left) and four children (back row: Lorraine, Winston, Winston’s wife Ruth and Sally. Not pictured: Kakuro’s son Akira) for the duration of the war. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mark Shigenaga)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kakuro’s grandson, San Rafael resident Mark Shigenaga, discovered that both his grandfather and great uncle had passed through Angel Island while digging into his family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month after Pearl Harbor was attacked, the FBI seized Kakuro’s diary during a sweep when Kakuro happened to be visiting his brother, Shigeo Shigenaga, in Honolulu. The FBI claimed the diary’s entries contained anti-American and pro-Japanese writings. They became the centerpiece of Kakuro’s hearing, in which he was interrogated about his potential allegiance to Japan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"#transcript\">transcript of his hearing\u003c/a>, Kakuro expressed regret for writing sentiments that were perceived as anti-American. Through a Japanese translator, and without legal counsel, he insisted the writings were just a part of his daily, mindless exercise and that he was “earnestly desirous of peace” between Japan and the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821213\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Screen-Shot-2020-05-27-at-4.40.29-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11821213\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Screen-Shot-2020-05-27-at-4.40.29-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Screen-Shot-2020-05-27-at-4.40.29-PM.png 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Screen-Shot-2020-05-27-at-4.40.29-PM-160x202.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kakuro Shigenaga’s internment card follows his journey to camps around the United States. \u003ccite>( Courtesy of Mark Shigenaga)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In one critical round of questioning, Kakuro said he was not “for Japan,” but he also answered “no” when he was asked if he was against Japan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That answer may have gotten him interned. If he had said yes, it would have changed the fate of our whole family,” Mark said. He says his grandfather’s testimony reflects a radically honest assessment of what it meant to be a Japanese immigrant in the U.S. at that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So here he was, this person that was born in Japan, who immigrated to Hawaii. And then having the country of where he was born start a war with his new home,” Mark said. “And I think a lot of Japanese at the time were conflicted that way. It’s like, how could the country we were born from, where our ancestors are from, attack us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kakuro was found to be “a subject of the Japanese empire” and “disloyal to the U.S.” He was among the first group of 172 Japanese Hawaiian immigrants who boarded the USS Ulysses Grant in late February 1942 headed for Angel Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kakuro Shigenaga endured an uncomfortable 10-day sea voyage crammed into compartments below sea level. Author Patsy Saiki described the trip Kakuro and the other internees took as “days of humiliation and suffering” in a historical account of the journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In all, about eight ships…formed a convoy which zigzagged its way to San Francisco. There were no portholes for they were below sea-level…What made the internees miserable was that they were locked, eight or ten in a room, for three hours at a time. At the end of three hours the door was unlocked and a guard escorted the men to a makeshift oil barrel latrine…It was continued days of humiliation and suffering…Transferred into small tugboats, they sailed … to Angel Island, which housed the Quarantine Station. Some of the men had never seen San Francisco, and this glimpse of the city and its environs reminded them of the misty hills of Japan.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Upon arrival to Angel Island, Kakuro and the other men were photographed, fingerprinted and examined in the nude for “infectious diseases.” Then they were each given two blankets and were told to go upstairs to rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was extremely crowded and the odors were pretty strong and just the fact that, you know, 150 to 200 people were in this room designed really to hold about 60 was pretty overwhelming,” Din said. The room is 36 feet by 70 feet, and was lined with three tiered bunk beds. Men also slept on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most stays on the island were short, as men were quickly moved to inland internment camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kakuro stayed on Angel Island from March 1-9 in 1942, and for the next three years, he moved to five different camps across the country, including in New Mexico, Louisiana, Wisconsin and Tennessee before being released when the war ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike other civilian internees, Kakuro and other “enemy alien” internees were separated from their families for the entire duration of their internment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821206\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11821206\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-Shigenaga-at-Santa-Fe-DOJ-Camp-1944-45-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-Shigenaga-at-Santa-Fe-DOJ-Camp-1944-45-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-Shigenaga-at-Santa-Fe-DOJ-Camp-1944-45-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-Shigenaga-at-Santa-Fe-DOJ-Camp-1944-45-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-Shigenaga-at-Santa-Fe-DOJ-Camp-1944-45.jpg 1317w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kakuro Shigenaga at the Department of Justice internment camp in Santa Fe, New Mexico, where he was held from 1944-1945. After leaving Angel Island, Kakuro Shigenaga was transferred to five different camps throughout the United States. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Shigenaga family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A Legacy of Not Belonging\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Learning that his grandfather had been interned on Angel Island, just miles from where he lives now, was revelatory for Mark. “I take hikes on Angel Island! I had no idea that he was here, decades before I landed here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kakuro didn’t talk about his internment experience or the circumstances that led to his arrest when Mark was growing up. But discovering the way his grandfather navigated his cultural identity in the face of such high stakes added a new dimension to the man he remembers as a serious, yet gentle grandfather who he’d spend summers with as a child in Maui.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 711px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11821198 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-and-Mark-Kihei-Maui-1958.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"711\" height=\"888\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-and-Mark-Kihei-Maui-1958.jpg 711w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Kakuro-and-Mark-Kihei-Maui-1958-160x200.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Shigenaga with his grandfather Kakuro in Kihei, Maui, in 1958. As a first-born grandson, Mark spent summers in Hawaii with Kakuro, hanging out in the general store where he worked. Mark says he was “one of the hardest working people I’ve ever seen.” \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mark Shigenaga)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The realization that my grandfather was on Angel Island sort of opens up this curiosity about what his experience was, not only Angel Island, but every other part of his experience and moving from camp to camp,” Mark said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says Kakuro urged his own kids to move off the island of Maui to the mainland to find new opportunities, despite the country’s imperfections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11821225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11821225\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-800x802.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"802\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-800x802.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-1020x1022.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-1920x1925.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-550x550.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/MarkArleneLaurie-with-Grandpa-Kakuro-1962-470x470.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kakuro Shigenaga (right) with his grandson Mark (left) and other grandchildren Arlene and Laurie Naito in 1962. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Mark Shigenaga)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think about how the war experience shaped the way we were brought up,” Mark said. “Basically to be as American as possible, as American and apple pie as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, \u003ca href=\"http://www.asianpacificpolicyandplanningcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/STOP_AAPI_HATE_MONTHLY_REPORT_4_23_20.pdf\">anti-Asian verbal and physical attacks\u003c/a> are taking place across the country as some people blame Asian Americans for the coronavirus pandemic. I think about how that longing to be perceived as simply American — not as foreigners, “enemy aliens” or pandemic starters — is a core part of the modern-day Asian American experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the legacy of Angel Island isn’t only the important history it teaches us; it represents the persistent anxiety that many Asian Americans feel about belonging in America, and the high stakes of perpetually being perceived as “other.” It’s a feeling that’s lasted through generations, and it continues to inform how Asian Americans negotiate their identities today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Additional Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more on Kakuro Shigenaga’s internment history, as well as profiles of other Japanese internees who stayed on Angel Island, check out Grant Din’s research \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrant-voices.aiisf.org/?sfid=9152&_sf_s=JACS\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>To search through Department of Justice case files of “enemy aliens” during World War II, visit the \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/research/japanese-americans/internment-files\">National Archives website\u003c/a> where you can find documents including transcripts, FBI reports and other records. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Think you may have had a family member who was interned on Angel Island during World War II? Check out this \u003ca href=\"https://www.aiisf.org/s/WWII-Detainees-on-Angel-Island-for-web.xlsx\">database of Angel Island Japanese internees\u003c/a> and contact Grant Din: \u003ca href=\"mailto:grant@tonaidin.net\">grant@tonaidin.net\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong id=\"transcript\">Transcript of Kakuro Shigenaga Internment Hearing\u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why Are So Many East Bay Pizza Shops Cooperatively Owned?",
"headTitle": "Why Are So Many East Bay Pizza Shops Cooperatively Owned? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Columbia Shafer lives in Oakland and has noticed there are a lot of employee-owned businesses near her. And not just any businesses – pizza shops. That got her wondering why pizza? And why here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer to “Why pizza?” became obvious as soon as I started talking to people: “It’s delicious.” “Pizza never goes out of style.” “Why pizza? Pizza is the best!” All real answers I got.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, aside from local love for the slice, this is a story that dates back to the late 1960s and early 1970s in Berkeley, when a small mom-and-pop cheese shop made a bold move into the world of worker-owned cooperatives. Yep, I’m talking about \u003ca href=\"https://cheeseboardcollective.coop/\">The Cheese Board Collective\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCollective Roots\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year was 1971, the cost of living in the Bay Area was on the rise and the previous decade had been one of mass protest, political upheaval and social change. Berkeley was the epicenter of a number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/gallery/2014/nov/15/berkeley-a-history-of-disobedience-in-pictures\">social and political movements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was in that context that Sahag and Elizabeth Avedisian collectivized their small cheese shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of having exploited labor we wanted to equalize the situation, in that it’s the same kind of work conditions we would want to be in ourselves,” Sahag Avedisian said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VID0e09SAak\">interview from 1977\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Avedisians distributed shares in the shop evenly among employees, decision making became a democratic process, wages were equal and the entire operation took off in a new way. A couple years in, The Cheese Board Collective started baking bread and pastries, and eventually – in the 1980s – pizza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years since its inception, The Cheese Board Collective has grown a vast network of cooperative bakeries and pizza shops throughout the Bay Area. They are an example of a successful cooperative model and have helped start other employee-owned ventures, including the \u003ca href=\"http://arizmendi.coop/\">Arizmendi Association of Cooperatives\u003c/a> – named after the Spanish priest José María Arizmendiarrieta, who founded a famous cooperative movement, now known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mondragon-corporation.com/en/about-us/\">Mondragon Corporation. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11819698\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11819698 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Courtesy-of-Arizmendi-Bakery-and-PizzeriaEmeryville_6-1020x1087.jpg\" alt=\"Arizmendi Bakery pizzas cool on a rack.\" width=\"640\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Courtesy-of-Arizmendi-Bakery-and-PizzeriaEmeryville_6-1020x1087.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Courtesy-of-Arizmendi-Bakery-and-PizzeriaEmeryville_6-160x171.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Courtesy-of-Arizmendi-Bakery-and-PizzeriaEmeryville_6-800x853.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Courtesy-of-Arizmendi-Bakery-and-PizzeriaEmeryville_6.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arizmendi Bakery pizzas cool on a rack. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Arizmendi Bakery and Pizzeria, Emeryville)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aja Green, a baker and owner at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arizmendi-bakery.org/\">Emeryville Arizmendi\u003c/a> location, joined the cooperative after many years working in the food and restaurant industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re in a kitchen, you kind of just feel like a cog sometimes,” Green said. “You’re just there. You’re easily replaceable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green came to the bakery looking for a steady job, but said she found so much more in being an owner at Arizmendi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We control everything. We do payroll. We are in charge of HR,” she said. “The person who’s mopping the bathrooms with you also cuts your checks. And the person who helps you do pizza also designs all of our logos. So, we are controlling every single aspect of how to run a bakery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Look at Employee Ownership\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is a popular spot for employee ownership, and not just for cooperatives such as The Cheese Board and Arizmendi. Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) and equity compensation plans are two other prominent models of ownership in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11819710\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11819710\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/emeryvillecrew_2.jpg\" alt=\"Employee-owners at Arizmendi in Emeryville enjoy the fruits of their labor.\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/emeryvillecrew_2.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/emeryvillecrew_2-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/emeryvillecrew_2-550x550.jpg 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/emeryvillecrew_2-470x470.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Employee-owners at Arizmendi in Emeryville enjoy the fruits of their labor. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Arizmendi Bakery and Pizzeria, Emeryville)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“One of the really interesting things about worker ownership is that it’s a really good cross section of the workforce, and the companies involved are a really good cross section of the economy as a whole,” says Loren Rodgers, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nceo.org/\">National Center for Employee Ownership (NCEO)\u003c/a> in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what drives businesses to create an employee-owned model? At its most basic level, Rodgers said, it’s the redistribution of wealth and decision making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got an economy where most businesses are owned by a very small segment of the population, and I think we ought to be thinking about who we want to own our businesses,” Rodgers said. “Employee ownership is one good answer as a way to get more people owning a bigger part of the economy, so that more people share in the wealth that the economy produces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Does Ownership Mean in a Changing City?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, where the cost of living has skyrocketed in the past decade, Rodgers says research on participants in employee-owned business models revealed greater job stability – 53% more, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ownershipeconomy.org/research/\">data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003c/a> – and 33% more income from wages, as compared to regular employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Green, who grew up in Berkeley, being an owner has meant having more control over her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no control over where I live,” Green said. “I rent and any minute my rent could go up, skyrocket, and I won’t be able to afford to live here. But I know I’ll have a job because being an owner means that you have some sense of job security.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless a car hits your bakery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2018, Green and the rest of the Emeryville Arizmendi owners faced a catastrophe – a \u003ca href=\"https://evilleeye.com/news-commentary/fire-gas-leak-from-vehicle-collision-shuts-down-arizmendi-bakery/\">car crashed into the back of the bakery\u003c/a>, causing a gas leak and fire. The shop closed for a little over a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing we learned is that when you have a fire, when you have some kind of disaster, you’re no longer just what you think of yourself,” Green said. “I thought of myself as just a baker who also happens to own a bakery. “But then I became, like, an insurance person. And I know all about insurance now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the doors opened again in February 2020, the fans were waiting. The bakery sold out before closing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11819702\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11819702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"A sign announcing Arizmendi in Emeryville would close do to coronavirus health concerns.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-1104x1104.jpg 1104w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-912x912.jpg 912w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-550x550.jpg 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-470x470.jpg 470w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign announcing Arizmendi in Emeryville would close do to coronavirus health concerns. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Arizmendi Bakery and Pizzeria, Emeryville)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates\">COVID-19\u003c/a> and shelter-in-place regulations struck in March. Like many other restaurants, the Emeryville Arizmendi temporarily closed. The owners have all taken furlough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all still owners,” Green said. “We know that our job is not going anywhere.” And since all owners have access to the finances of the business, they’re able to monitor their situation and meet on a regular basis to discuss next moves together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since shelter in place began the week of March 15, a number of restaurants have closed, and more continue to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/Bay-Area-restaurants-latest-updates-Food-15130419.php\">shutter their doors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Green, the Emeryville Arizmendi owners have been a source of strength and comfort. Their solidarity has made it easier to weather this devastating blow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve got meetings every Monday where everybody is able to make the time to check in,” Green said. “To say, how are you doing and what do you need? Where are you at? How’s your family doing? What do you need to get by?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some businesses, employee ownership models have provided relief and even \u003ca href=\"https://sf.eater.com/2020/3/27/21195630/worker-owned-restaurants-collectives-co-ops-covid-19-cheese-board-other-avenues-tamarack\">better preparedness\u003c/a> during the pandemic. But the future of Bay Area restaurants is still uncertain. For many, rebuilding their businesses will require \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/137260/the-bay-area-restaurant-system-was-always-broken-how-do-we-fix-it\">rethinking the entire industry model\u003c/a>. Green hopes moving forward, employee ownership will be a bigger part of the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Few Open, Employee-Owned Restaurants\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of employee-owned businesses open right now. Check out the list below for pizza shops and grocery stores providing takeout and delivery during shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://arizmendi.coop/\">Arizmendi Bakery\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThere are six cooperative bakeries in the Bay Area. Almost all of the locations are open for takeout. Check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arizmendi.coop/\">Arizmendi Association of Cooperatives\u003c/a> for your individual location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asliceofny.com/\">A Slice of New York\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Sunnyvale and San Jose shops are both open for takeout – and they sell frozen pies with baking instructions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://zacharys.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zachary’s Pizza \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Oakland, Berkeley, San Ramon, and Pleasant Hill locations are all open for takeout service. Check out their website for location hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cooperative Grocery Stores\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mandelafoods.com/\">Mandela Foods Cooperative\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe West Oakland cooperative is open Monday through Saturday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., with 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. reserved for senior citizens and high-risk or vulnerable shoppers. You can also place orders online for pickup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.otheravenues.coop/\">Other Avenues \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nLocated in San Francisco’s Outer Sunset, the cooperative grocery store is open daily from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., with 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. reserved for senior citizens and high-risk or vulnerable shoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rainbow.coop/\">Rainbow Grocery\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe San Francisco grocery cooperative is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., with 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. reserved for senior citizens and high-risk or vulnerable shoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Want More?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out \u003ca href=\"https://nobawc.org/\">The Network of Bay Area Cooperatives\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nceo.org/articles/employee-ownership-100\">NCEO Employee Ownership List\u003c/a> for more employee-owned businesses in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Got a favorite restaurant that’s employee owned you want to tell us about? Tweet it to Olivia. She’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oallenprice?lang=en\">@oallenprice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was updated on May 26, 2020. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Columbia Shafer lives in Oakland and has noticed there are a lot of employee-owned businesses near her. And not just any businesses – pizza shops. That got her wondering why pizza? And why here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer to “Why pizza?” became obvious as soon as I started talking to people: “It’s delicious.” “Pizza never goes out of style.” “Why pizza? Pizza is the best!” All real answers I got.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, aside from local love for the slice, this is a story that dates back to the late 1960s and early 1970s in Berkeley, when a small mom-and-pop cheese shop made a bold move into the world of worker-owned cooperatives. Yep, I’m talking about \u003ca href=\"https://cheeseboardcollective.coop/\">The Cheese Board Collective\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nCollective Roots\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The year was 1971, the cost of living in the Bay Area was on the rise and the previous decade had been one of mass protest, political upheaval and social change. Berkeley was the epicenter of a number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/gallery/2014/nov/15/berkeley-a-history-of-disobedience-in-pictures\">social and political movements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was in that context that Sahag and Elizabeth Avedisian collectivized their small cheese shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of having exploited labor we wanted to equalize the situation, in that it’s the same kind of work conditions we would want to be in ourselves,” Sahag Avedisian said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VID0e09SAak\">interview from 1977\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Avedisians distributed shares in the shop evenly among employees, decision making became a democratic process, wages were equal and the entire operation took off in a new way. A couple years in, The Cheese Board Collective started baking bread and pastries, and eventually – in the 1980s – pizza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the years since its inception, The Cheese Board Collective has grown a vast network of cooperative bakeries and pizza shops throughout the Bay Area. They are an example of a successful cooperative model and have helped start other employee-owned ventures, including the \u003ca href=\"http://arizmendi.coop/\">Arizmendi Association of Cooperatives\u003c/a> – named after the Spanish priest José María Arizmendiarrieta, who founded a famous cooperative movement, now known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mondragon-corporation.com/en/about-us/\">Mondragon Corporation. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11819698\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11819698 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Courtesy-of-Arizmendi-Bakery-and-PizzeriaEmeryville_6-1020x1087.jpg\" alt=\"Arizmendi Bakery pizzas cool on a rack.\" width=\"640\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Courtesy-of-Arizmendi-Bakery-and-PizzeriaEmeryville_6-1020x1087.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Courtesy-of-Arizmendi-Bakery-and-PizzeriaEmeryville_6-160x171.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Courtesy-of-Arizmendi-Bakery-and-PizzeriaEmeryville_6-800x853.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Courtesy-of-Arizmendi-Bakery-and-PizzeriaEmeryville_6.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arizmendi Bakery pizzas cool on a rack. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Arizmendi Bakery and Pizzeria, Emeryville)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aja Green, a baker and owner at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arizmendi-bakery.org/\">Emeryville Arizmendi\u003c/a> location, joined the cooperative after many years working in the food and restaurant industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re in a kitchen, you kind of just feel like a cog sometimes,” Green said. “You’re just there. You’re easily replaceable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green came to the bakery looking for a steady job, but said she found so much more in being an owner at Arizmendi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We control everything. We do payroll. We are in charge of HR,” she said. “The person who’s mopping the bathrooms with you also cuts your checks. And the person who helps you do pizza also designs all of our logos. So, we are controlling every single aspect of how to run a bakery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Look at Employee Ownership\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area is a popular spot for employee ownership, and not just for cooperatives such as The Cheese Board and Arizmendi. Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) and equity compensation plans are two other prominent models of ownership in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11819710\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11819710\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/emeryvillecrew_2.jpg\" alt=\"Employee-owners at Arizmendi in Emeryville enjoy the fruits of their labor.\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/emeryvillecrew_2.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/emeryvillecrew_2-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/emeryvillecrew_2-550x550.jpg 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/emeryvillecrew_2-470x470.jpg 470w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Employee-owners at Arizmendi in Emeryville enjoy the fruits of their labor. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Arizmendi Bakery and Pizzeria, Emeryville)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“One of the really interesting things about worker ownership is that it’s a really good cross section of the workforce, and the companies involved are a really good cross section of the economy as a whole,” says Loren Rodgers, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nceo.org/\">National Center for Employee Ownership (NCEO)\u003c/a> in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what drives businesses to create an employee-owned model? At its most basic level, Rodgers said, it’s the redistribution of wealth and decision making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got an economy where most businesses are owned by a very small segment of the population, and I think we ought to be thinking about who we want to own our businesses,” Rodgers said. “Employee ownership is one good answer as a way to get more people owning a bigger part of the economy, so that more people share in the wealth that the economy produces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Does Ownership Mean in a Changing City?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, where the cost of living has skyrocketed in the past decade, Rodgers says research on participants in employee-owned business models revealed greater job stability – 53% more, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ownershipeconomy.org/research/\">data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003c/a> – and 33% more income from wages, as compared to regular employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Green, who grew up in Berkeley, being an owner has meant having more control over her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no control over where I live,” Green said. “I rent and any minute my rent could go up, skyrocket, and I won’t be able to afford to live here. But I know I’ll have a job because being an owner means that you have some sense of job security.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless a car hits your bakery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2018, Green and the rest of the Emeryville Arizmendi owners faced a catastrophe – a \u003ca href=\"https://evilleeye.com/news-commentary/fire-gas-leak-from-vehicle-collision-shuts-down-arizmendi-bakery/\">car crashed into the back of the bakery\u003c/a>, causing a gas leak and fire. The shop closed for a little over a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing we learned is that when you have a fire, when you have some kind of disaster, you’re no longer just what you think of yourself,” Green said. “I thought of myself as just a baker who also happens to own a bakery. “But then I became, like, an insurance person. And I know all about insurance now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the doors opened again in February 2020, the fans were waiting. The bakery sold out before closing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11819702\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11819702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"A sign announcing Arizmendi in Emeryville would close do to coronavirus health concerns.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-1104x1104.jpg 1104w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-912x912.jpg 912w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-550x550.jpg 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign-470x470.jpg 470w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/Emeryville-March_closingsign.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign announcing Arizmendi in Emeryville would close do to coronavirus health concerns. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Arizmendi Bakery and Pizzeria, Emeryville)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Then, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates\">COVID-19\u003c/a> and shelter-in-place regulations struck in March. Like many other restaurants, the Emeryville Arizmendi temporarily closed. The owners have all taken furlough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all still owners,” Green said. “We know that our job is not going anywhere.” And since all owners have access to the finances of the business, they’re able to monitor their situation and meet on a regular basis to discuss next moves together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since shelter in place began the week of March 15, a number of restaurants have closed, and more continue to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/article/Bay-Area-restaurants-latest-updates-Food-15130419.php\">shutter their doors\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Green, the Emeryville Arizmendi owners have been a source of strength and comfort. Their solidarity has made it easier to weather this devastating blow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve got meetings every Monday where everybody is able to make the time to check in,” Green said. “To say, how are you doing and what do you need? Where are you at? How’s your family doing? What do you need to get by?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some businesses, employee ownership models have provided relief and even \u003ca href=\"https://sf.eater.com/2020/3/27/21195630/worker-owned-restaurants-collectives-co-ops-covid-19-cheese-board-other-avenues-tamarack\">better preparedness\u003c/a> during the pandemic. But the future of Bay Area restaurants is still uncertain. For many, rebuilding their businesses will require \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/137260/the-bay-area-restaurant-system-was-always-broken-how-do-we-fix-it\">rethinking the entire industry model\u003c/a>. Green hopes moving forward, employee ownership will be a bigger part of the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Few Open, Employee-Owned Restaurants\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of employee-owned businesses open right now. Check out the list below for pizza shops and grocery stores providing takeout and delivery during shelter in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://arizmendi.coop/\">Arizmendi Bakery\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThere are six cooperative bakeries in the Bay Area. Almost all of the locations are open for takeout. Check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arizmendi.coop/\">Arizmendi Association of Cooperatives\u003c/a> for your individual location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asliceofny.com/\">A Slice of New York\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Sunnyvale and San Jose shops are both open for takeout – and they sell frozen pies with baking instructions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://zacharys.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zachary’s Pizza \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Oakland, Berkeley, San Ramon, and Pleasant Hill locations are all open for takeout service. Check out their website for location hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cooperative Grocery Stores\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mandelafoods.com/\">Mandela Foods Cooperative\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe West Oakland cooperative is open Monday through Saturday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m., with 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. reserved for senior citizens and high-risk or vulnerable shoppers. You can also place orders online for pickup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.otheravenues.coop/\">Other Avenues \u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nLocated in San Francisco’s Outer Sunset, the cooperative grocery store is open daily from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., with 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. reserved for senior citizens and high-risk or vulnerable shoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rainbow.coop/\">Rainbow Grocery\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe San Francisco grocery cooperative is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., with 9 a.m. to 10 a.m. reserved for senior citizens and high-risk or vulnerable shoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Want More?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out \u003ca href=\"https://nobawc.org/\">The Network of Bay Area Cooperatives\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nceo.org/articles/employee-ownership-100\">NCEO Employee Ownership List\u003c/a> for more employee-owned businesses in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Got a favorite restaurant that’s employee owned you want to tell us about? Tweet it to Olivia. She’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oallenprice?lang=en\">@oallenprice\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was updated on May 26, 2020. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How Rice-A-Roni Became The San Francisco Treat",
"headTitle": "How Rice-A-Roni Became The San Francisco Treat | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by Nikki Silva and Davia Nelson of The Kitchen Sisters and originally aired on NPR in 2008. Thank you to The Kitchen Sisters for allowing us to adapt that piece for Bay Curious. You can listen to the original \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2008/07/31/93067862/birth-of-rice-a-roni-the-armenian-italian-treat\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]here was a time when you couldn’t go too long watching television without seeing a commercial for Rice-A-Roni. Many featured images of San Francisco and ended with a catchy jingle — “Rice-A-Roni. The San Francisco Treat!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Kent Barnes has wondered if that advertising slogan is true. Was Rice-A-Roni actually created here in the Bay Area?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11817521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/ricearoni_TomLois200.jpg\" alt=\"Tom and Lois DeDomenico in San Francisco, shortly after their marriage.\" width=\"200\" height=\"266\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11817521\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/ricearoni_TomLois200.jpg 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/ricearoni_TomLois200-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom and Lois DeDomenico in San Francisco, shortly after their marriage. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Lois DeDomenico)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The short answer: yes. It was a clandestine convergence of cultures that ultimately led to the creation of “The San Francisco Treat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story starts just after World War II. Soldiers were pouring into San Francisco, looking for a fresh start. The housing market was crowded as Lois DeDomenico and her husband, Tom, were on the hunt for a place to live. Lois grew up in Edmonton, Canada, and met Tom in San Francisco in 1944. Tom’s father, an immigrant from Italy, owned a pasta company in San Francisco where Tom worked with his brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was very little housing available in San Francisco at the time, as soldiers flooded into the city for a new start after the war. So when Lois and Tom found a room to rent in the home of Pailadzo Captanian, they jumped on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mrs. Captanian. I had a liking for her right away, so we moved in. Tommy would work until about 7 o’clock at the pasta factory and I was alone a lot,” Lois said. “I was only 18 and I was pregnant. And I had kitchen privileges. Well, I really wasn’t much of a cook. And here was this Armenian lady, probably about 70 years [old], making yogurt on the back of the stove, all day, every day. I didn’t even know what the word ‘yogurt’ meant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captanian taught Lois how to make paklava (baklava), soups and her specialty, Armenian pilaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would bring her Golden Grain vermicelli from the factory,” Lois said. “She wanted us to break it as small as rice if we could.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During those long afternoons in the kitchen, Lois listened as Captanian told her life story — about the Armenian genocide, her husband’s death and the separation from her two young boys. In 1915, she trekked from Turkey to Syria, while pregnant and with little food and water, along with thousands of other women and children who had been deported. Once in Syria, she gave birth, and was ultimately reunited with her two other sons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captanian chronicled these events in her 1919 book, “Memoires D’une Deportee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family then moved to the United States, where she worked as a seamstress, sewing draperies for President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Hyde Park home in New York. She put her boys through school, and after World War II, she moved to San Francisco, where one of her sons had settled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11818020 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/rice_captanian540-86f59186faddc7574ffc62505c8a903e3894ba5e.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/rice_captanian540-86f59186faddc7574ffc62505c8a903e3894ba5e.jpg 540w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/rice_captanian540-86f59186faddc7574ffc62505c8a903e3894ba5e-160x138.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Captanian family in New York in 1921: Pailadzo, Gilbert, Aram and Herant. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Captanian Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘This Would Be Great in a Box’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When the DeDomenicos moved into a place of their own, Lois often cooked Mrs. Captanian’s Armenian pilaf. At a family dinner one evening, after a long day at the pasta factory, Tom’s brother Vince stared at his dish of pilaf and said, “This would be great in a box.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden Grain had a test kitchen at the factory. It took three or four years to adapt the recipe for one-pot cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Rice-A-Roni hit the market in the 1950s, people were desperate to make cooking easier and faster. Rice-A-Roni was a product that was preseasoned and didn’t require boiling water, which made cooking rice and pasta simpler than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were not many packaged side dishes in the market in 1955,” said Dennis DeDomenico, Tom and Lois’ son. “Everything was being geared toward less time in the kitchen. Major appliances like dishwashers and garbage disposals were starting to come in. The convenience factor was everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that was missing was a name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We said, ‘Well, what is the product? The product is rice and macaroni. Why don’t we call it Rice-A-Roni?’ Didn’t quite sound right. Who’d ever heard of rice and macaroni being together? Still, the name had a ring to it,” Tom DeDomenico said, in an oral history recorded by the Bancroft Library in 1988.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Culinary Melting Pot\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rice-A-Roni was marketed as “A San Francisco Treat,” but it quickly became one of America’s favorite side dishes. Ted Captanian remembers seeing the commercials on television as a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time we heard that jingle, my father would say, ‘You know your grandmother gave a rice recipe to the people who started that company. So every time you hear it, think of her,’ ” Ted said. “To be honest, we kind of thought — could that possibly be true? Could this iconic American dish actually be attributed to some recipe my grandmother gave years ago?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzOR_Fal_SY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lois says she still makes pilaf the way Pailadzo Captanian taught her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The impact she had on me and my life,” Lois said. “I only lived there for four months, but it was four months that brought all these things together: myself from Canada; Tommy, Italian; Mrs. Captanian, Armenian. All that converging in San Francisco in 1946, and out of that comes Rice-A-Roni.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"recipe\">Pailadzo Captanian’s Rice Pilaf Recipe\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pailadzo Captanian’s rice pilaf dish has been passed through the family over the years. They aren’t sure if Pailadzo included mushrooms or pine nuts in her version of the recipe, and there may have been adaptations as the recipe moved through the family. But to the best of everyone’s knowledge, this is it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nRice Mixture:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>7/8 cup long grain white rice\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1/8 cup fideo capellini crushed into small pieces\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ cube butter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ large onion, chopped\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ 4.5 oz jar sliced “Green Giant” mushrooms packed in water and drained. (mushrooms can be substituted with any other canned mushrooms.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 tbsp pine nuts\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Broth:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>2 ½ cups boiling water\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>2 ½ chicken bouillon cubes\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ tbsp dried parsley flakes\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Salt and pepper to taste.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>(The broth should taste somewhat salty before it is added to rice mixture.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Directions:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Melt the butter over medium high flame in a medium sauce pan and add rice and fideo cappellini and stir constantly, cooking until it starts to turn golden.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add chopped onion and cook until almost clear.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add mushrooms and pine nuts. Stir constantly over medium high flame, until the mixture is golden brown with dark flecks of fideo capellini.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Meanwhile, make broth by heating water to boiling and adding bouillon cubes, parsley flakes, salt and pepper (you can heat this in the microwave or on the stove). Stir to dissolve the bouillon.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add boiling broth to browned rice mixture, (note: broth /rice mixture should taste slightly salty), return to a bowl, stir once, and cover, then turn down the hat to a low simmer. Do not lift the cover for 35 minutes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Remove from the heat, fluff with a fork; let rest until ready to serve.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>P.S.: Cover pan with a cloth to keep warm (If I am traveling with the rice over a period of several hours, I wrap the pan in several beach towels and it will stay nice and warm).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>P.P.S.: To double the recipe: Use 7/8 cube butter; 4 7/8 cups water and 5 chicken bouillon cubes and cook rice for 37 minutes. (You can double all the other ingredients).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you follow these directions exactly, you should have a perfect pilaf every time. But avoid the urge to peek at the cooking rice. Lifting the cover during cooking will affect the texture and fluffiness of the dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Birth+Of+Rice-A-Roni%3A+The+Armenian-Italian+Treat&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by Nikki Silva and Davia Nelson of The Kitchen Sisters and originally aired on NPR in 2008. Thank you to The Kitchen Sisters for allowing us to adapt that piece for Bay Curious. You can listen to the original \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2008/07/31/93067862/birth-of-rice-a-roni-the-armenian-italian-treat\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>here was a time when you couldn’t go too long watching television without seeing a commercial for Rice-A-Roni. Many featured images of San Francisco and ended with a catchy jingle — “Rice-A-Roni. The San Francisco Treat!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Kent Barnes has wondered if that advertising slogan is true. Was Rice-A-Roni actually created here in the Bay Area?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11817521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/ricearoni_TomLois200.jpg\" alt=\"Tom and Lois DeDomenico in San Francisco, shortly after their marriage.\" width=\"200\" height=\"266\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11817521\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/ricearoni_TomLois200.jpg 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/ricearoni_TomLois200-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tom and Lois DeDomenico in San Francisco, shortly after their marriage. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Lois DeDomenico)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The short answer: yes. It was a clandestine convergence of cultures that ultimately led to the creation of “The San Francisco Treat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story starts just after World War II. Soldiers were pouring into San Francisco, looking for a fresh start. The housing market was crowded as Lois DeDomenico and her husband, Tom, were on the hunt for a place to live. Lois grew up in Edmonton, Canada, and met Tom in San Francisco in 1944. Tom’s father, an immigrant from Italy, owned a pasta company in San Francisco where Tom worked with his brothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was very little housing available in San Francisco at the time, as soldiers flooded into the city for a new start after the war. So when Lois and Tom found a room to rent in the home of Pailadzo Captanian, they jumped on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mrs. Captanian. I had a liking for her right away, so we moved in. Tommy would work until about 7 o’clock at the pasta factory and I was alone a lot,” Lois said. “I was only 18 and I was pregnant. And I had kitchen privileges. Well, I really wasn’t much of a cook. And here was this Armenian lady, probably about 70 years [old], making yogurt on the back of the stove, all day, every day. I didn’t even know what the word ‘yogurt’ meant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captanian taught Lois how to make paklava (baklava), soups and her specialty, Armenian pilaf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would bring her Golden Grain vermicelli from the factory,” Lois said. “She wanted us to break it as small as rice if we could.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During those long afternoons in the kitchen, Lois listened as Captanian told her life story — about the Armenian genocide, her husband’s death and the separation from her two young boys. In 1915, she trekked from Turkey to Syria, while pregnant and with little food and water, along with thousands of other women and children who had been deported. Once in Syria, she gave birth, and was ultimately reunited with her two other sons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Captanian chronicled these events in her 1919 book, “Memoires D’une Deportee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family then moved to the United States, where she worked as a seamstress, sewing draperies for President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Hyde Park home in New York. She put her boys through school, and after World War II, she moved to San Francisco, where one of her sons had settled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11818020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11818020 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/rice_captanian540-86f59186faddc7574ffc62505c8a903e3894ba5e.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/rice_captanian540-86f59186faddc7574ffc62505c8a903e3894ba5e.jpg 540w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/rice_captanian540-86f59186faddc7574ffc62505c8a903e3894ba5e-160x138.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Captanian family in New York in 1921: Pailadzo, Gilbert, Aram and Herant. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Captanian Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘This Would Be Great in a Box’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When the DeDomenicos moved into a place of their own, Lois often cooked Mrs. Captanian’s Armenian pilaf. At a family dinner one evening, after a long day at the pasta factory, Tom’s brother Vince stared at his dish of pilaf and said, “This would be great in a box.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden Grain had a test kitchen at the factory. It took three or four years to adapt the recipe for one-pot cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Rice-A-Roni hit the market in the 1950s, people were desperate to make cooking easier and faster. Rice-A-Roni was a product that was preseasoned and didn’t require boiling water, which made cooking rice and pasta simpler than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were not many packaged side dishes in the market in 1955,” said Dennis DeDomenico, Tom and Lois’ son. “Everything was being geared toward less time in the kitchen. Major appliances like dishwashers and garbage disposals were starting to come in. The convenience factor was everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that was missing was a name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We said, ‘Well, what is the product? The product is rice and macaroni. Why don’t we call it Rice-A-Roni?’ Didn’t quite sound right. Who’d ever heard of rice and macaroni being together? Still, the name had a ring to it,” Tom DeDomenico said, in an oral history recorded by the Bancroft Library in 1988.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Culinary Melting Pot\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rice-A-Roni was marketed as “A San Francisco Treat,” but it quickly became one of America’s favorite side dishes. Ted Captanian remembers seeing the commercials on television as a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time we heard that jingle, my father would say, ‘You know your grandmother gave a rice recipe to the people who started that company. So every time you hear it, think of her,’ ” Ted said. “To be honest, we kind of thought — could that possibly be true? Could this iconic American dish actually be attributed to some recipe my grandmother gave years ago?”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/yzOR_Fal_SY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/yzOR_Fal_SY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Lois says she still makes pilaf the way Pailadzo Captanian taught her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The impact she had on me and my life,” Lois said. “I only lived there for four months, but it was four months that brought all these things together: myself from Canada; Tommy, Italian; Mrs. Captanian, Armenian. All that converging in San Francisco in 1946, and out of that comes Rice-A-Roni.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"recipe\">Pailadzo Captanian’s Rice Pilaf Recipe\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pailadzo Captanian’s rice pilaf dish has been passed through the family over the years. They aren’t sure if Pailadzo included mushrooms or pine nuts in her version of the recipe, and there may have been adaptations as the recipe moved through the family. But to the best of everyone’s knowledge, this is it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ingredients\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nRice Mixture:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>7/8 cup long grain white rice\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1/8 cup fideo capellini crushed into small pieces\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ cube butter\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ large onion, chopped\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ 4.5 oz jar sliced “Green Giant” mushrooms packed in water and drained. (mushrooms can be substituted with any other canned mushrooms.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>1 tbsp pine nuts\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Broth:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>2 ½ cups boiling water\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>2 ½ chicken bouillon cubes\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>½ tbsp dried parsley flakes\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Salt and pepper to taste.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>(The broth should taste somewhat salty before it is added to rice mixture.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Directions:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Melt the butter over medium high flame in a medium sauce pan and add rice and fideo cappellini and stir constantly, cooking until it starts to turn golden.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add chopped onion and cook until almost clear.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add mushrooms and pine nuts. Stir constantly over medium high flame, until the mixture is golden brown with dark flecks of fideo capellini.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Meanwhile, make broth by heating water to boiling and adding bouillon cubes, parsley flakes, salt and pepper (you can heat this in the microwave or on the stove). Stir to dissolve the bouillon.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Add boiling broth to browned rice mixture, (note: broth /rice mixture should taste slightly salty), return to a bowl, stir once, and cover, then turn down the hat to a low simmer. Do not lift the cover for 35 minutes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Remove from the heat, fluff with a fork; let rest until ready to serve.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>P.S.: Cover pan with a cloth to keep warm (If I am traveling with the rice over a period of several hours, I wrap the pan in several beach towels and it will stay nice and warm).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>P.P.S.: To double the recipe: Use 7/8 cube butter; 4 7/8 cups water and 5 chicken bouillon cubes and cook rice for 37 minutes. (You can double all the other ingredients).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you follow these directions exactly, you should have a perfect pilaf every time. But avoid the urge to peek at the cooking rice. Lifting the cover during cooking will affect the texture and fluffiness of the dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Prom? Canceled. Graduation? Canceled. High Schoolers Share Their Worlds With Us",
"headTitle": "Prom? Canceled. Graduation? Canceled. High Schoolers Share Their Worlds With Us | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Spring has an expectant air to it. The weather is getting warmer, the flowers are in bloom, everything is still green. I savor this time as an adult, but as a student, spring meant so much more. It meant the end of the school year was approaching, and for seniors, it meant the start of a whole new phase of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus has made it a weird spring for everyone, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/youthtakeover\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">young people may be feeling it more strongly\u003c/a>. Bay Area schools won’t be holding in-person classes for the rest of the school year, which means lots of seniors are finishing out their high school careers online. They aren’t going to prom, signing yearbooks, sharing the news of college acceptances with friends and teachers in person, or even walking across the graduation stage in front of their family and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked four students at schools around the Bay Area to record regular audio updates about how they’ve been feeling and what they’ve been doing over the past eight weeks. This week’s Bay Curious episode is dedicated to their voices.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Taila Lee\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816763\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11816763\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43075_010_KQED_BayCurious_TailaLee_05042020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"High school senior Taila Lee holds her prom dress at her home in San Carlos on April 4, 2020.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43075_010_KQED_BayCurious_TailaLee_05042020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43075_010_KQED_BayCurious_TailaLee_05042020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43075_010_KQED_BayCurious_TailaLee_05042020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43075_010_KQED_BayCurious_TailaLee_05042020-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">High school senior Taila Lee holds her prom dress at her home in San Carlos on April 4, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m Taila Lee. I’m a senior at Woodside High School. I’m still taking a lot of time to adjust to online learning. This is only day 3 and I already feel a little bit behind. I think I’m really missing the structure of the school day. I’m also really missing face-to-face instruction and that social interaction with teachers and classmates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s Tuesday, March 31 and just about two hours ago I found out I’m not going back to school. We’re continuing online learning for the rest of the year, until June. And that means March 13 was the last day of my senior year. And I’m really sad. I’m not going to be able to go prom. I’m not going to sign yearbooks with my friends. I’m not going to hug people goodbye at graduation, take photos. My first semester of college might even be online, which is really crazy to think about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Qadir Scott\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816764\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11816764\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43093_010_KQED_BayCurious_QadirScott_05062020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Qadir Scott, a senior at Oakland Tech, in Alameda on April 6, 2020.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43093_010_KQED_BayCurious_QadirScott_05062020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43093_010_KQED_BayCurious_QadirScott_05062020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43093_010_KQED_BayCurious_QadirScott_05062020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43093_010_KQED_BayCurious_QadirScott_05062020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Qadir Scott, a senior at Oakland Tech, in Alameda on April 6, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is Qadir Scott. I’m a senior at Oakland Tech. A big thing with me, I listen to this band called \u003ca href=\"https://badbrains.com/\">Bad Brains\u003c/a>. Something they talk about is keeping that PMA. That’s positive mind and attitude. PMA. Control everything that you can control, you know. Everything else will kind of play out, but if you keep that positive attitude and mindset, you can achieve anything. That’s how I see it. That’s exactly how I’m thinking about it right now. Make the best out of it. The way I see it is like, class of 2020, the corona class, COVID-19. We’re part of a bigger moment in history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to Morehouse [College] in the fall. I’m excited about that. But we’re going to do online school, I’m pretty sure, for the first month or two. I don’t really know how to feel about that. It kinda sucks because you kinda want to just jump right into your college experience. But it might make it easier, who knows. I’m kinda just playing it by ear, again trying to keep a positive mind attitude.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Genevieve Schweitzer\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816765\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11816765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43080_005_KQED_BayCurious_GenevieveSchweitzer_05062020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Genevieve Schweitzer, a junior in high school, plays the flute in her backyard on April 6, 2020.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43080_005_KQED_BayCurious_GenevieveSchweitzer_05062020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43080_005_KQED_BayCurious_GenevieveSchweitzer_05062020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43080_005_KQED_BayCurious_GenevieveSchweitzer_05062020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43080_005_KQED_BayCurious_GenevieveSchweitzer_05062020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genevieve Schweitzer, a junior in high school, plays the flute in her backyard on April 6, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My name is Genevieve Schweitzer. I’m a junior at El Cerrito High School and I’m doing fine. I just miss my friends and doing normal things. It’s day 8. I’m sitting on my bed, basically in the position I’ve been in all day. I’m just thinking about all the things that have been canceled. Like concerts and trips to Disneyland with my band that we were planning, and prom. I already have my prom dress and it’s just hanging in my closet looking sad. But there’s definitely worse things going on right now so I don’t feel like I can complain too much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just got back from the school. They opened it for one afternoon so we could come get our stuff from our lockers and check out textbooks and things like that. There was a security guard sitting out front with hand sanitizer and wipes and you had to tell them where you were going and why. I didn’t expect it to feel so sad to see the school so empty and to be back. I already had my last day as a junior in high school. And when I come back, I’m going to be a senior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Julisa Gomez Reyes\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11816766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43096_003_KQED_BayCurious_Julisa_05062020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Julisa Gomez Reyes, a high school junior, at her home in San Jose on April 6.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43096_003_KQED_BayCurious_Julisa_05062020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43096_003_KQED_BayCurious_Julisa_05062020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43096_003_KQED_BayCurious_Julisa_05062020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43096_003_KQED_BayCurious_Julisa_05062020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julisa Gomez Reyes, a high school junior, at her home in San Jose on April 6, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My name is Julisa Reyes Gomez. I’m a junior at Independence High School in San Jose. I miss school. I miss my friends. I miss my teachers. I miss the classroom. And this is something that I never thought I would be saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My sleep schedule is really bad right now. The nights are where I’m awake and during the day I’m asleep. And I’m trying to fix that, especially with my family, we’re all doing it. My mom’s out of a job and we just don’t want to do anything because, I don’t know, we can’t go out and we’re usually a quiet family so it’s very difficult to get anything done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read and listen to more student perspectives as part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/youthtakeover\">KQED’s Youth Takeover 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Spring has an expectant air to it. The weather is getting warmer, the flowers are in bloom, everything is still green. I savor this time as an adult, but as a student, spring meant so much more. It meant the end of the school year was approaching, and for seniors, it meant the start of a whole new phase of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus has made it a weird spring for everyone, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/youthtakeover\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">young people may be feeling it more strongly\u003c/a>. Bay Area schools won’t be holding in-person classes for the rest of the school year, which means lots of seniors are finishing out their high school careers online. They aren’t going to prom, signing yearbooks, sharing the news of college acceptances with friends and teachers in person, or even walking across the graduation stage in front of their family and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked four students at schools around the Bay Area to record regular audio updates about how they’ve been feeling and what they’ve been doing over the past eight weeks. This week’s Bay Curious episode is dedicated to their voices.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Taila Lee\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816763\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11816763\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43075_010_KQED_BayCurious_TailaLee_05042020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"High school senior Taila Lee holds her prom dress at her home in San Carlos on April 4, 2020.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43075_010_KQED_BayCurious_TailaLee_05042020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43075_010_KQED_BayCurious_TailaLee_05042020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43075_010_KQED_BayCurious_TailaLee_05042020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43075_010_KQED_BayCurious_TailaLee_05042020-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">High school senior Taila Lee holds her prom dress at her home in San Carlos on April 4, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m Taila Lee. I’m a senior at Woodside High School. I’m still taking a lot of time to adjust to online learning. This is only day 3 and I already feel a little bit behind. I think I’m really missing the structure of the school day. I’m also really missing face-to-face instruction and that social interaction with teachers and classmates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s Tuesday, March 31 and just about two hours ago I found out I’m not going back to school. We’re continuing online learning for the rest of the year, until June. And that means March 13 was the last day of my senior year. And I’m really sad. I’m not going to be able to go prom. I’m not going to sign yearbooks with my friends. I’m not going to hug people goodbye at graduation, take photos. My first semester of college might even be online, which is really crazy to think about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Qadir Scott\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816764\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11816764\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43093_010_KQED_BayCurious_QadirScott_05062020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Qadir Scott, a senior at Oakland Tech, in Alameda on April 6, 2020.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43093_010_KQED_BayCurious_QadirScott_05062020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43093_010_KQED_BayCurious_QadirScott_05062020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43093_010_KQED_BayCurious_QadirScott_05062020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43093_010_KQED_BayCurious_QadirScott_05062020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Qadir Scott, a senior at Oakland Tech, in Alameda on April 6, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is Qadir Scott. I’m a senior at Oakland Tech. A big thing with me, I listen to this band called \u003ca href=\"https://badbrains.com/\">Bad Brains\u003c/a>. Something they talk about is keeping that PMA. That’s positive mind and attitude. PMA. Control everything that you can control, you know. Everything else will kind of play out, but if you keep that positive attitude and mindset, you can achieve anything. That’s how I see it. That’s exactly how I’m thinking about it right now. Make the best out of it. The way I see it is like, class of 2020, the corona class, COVID-19. We’re part of a bigger moment in history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to Morehouse [College] in the fall. I’m excited about that. But we’re going to do online school, I’m pretty sure, for the first month or two. I don’t really know how to feel about that. It kinda sucks because you kinda want to just jump right into your college experience. But it might make it easier, who knows. I’m kinda just playing it by ear, again trying to keep a positive mind attitude.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Genevieve Schweitzer\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816765\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11816765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43080_005_KQED_BayCurious_GenevieveSchweitzer_05062020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Genevieve Schweitzer, a junior in high school, plays the flute in her backyard on April 6, 2020.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43080_005_KQED_BayCurious_GenevieveSchweitzer_05062020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43080_005_KQED_BayCurious_GenevieveSchweitzer_05062020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43080_005_KQED_BayCurious_GenevieveSchweitzer_05062020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43080_005_KQED_BayCurious_GenevieveSchweitzer_05062020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Genevieve Schweitzer, a junior in high school, plays the flute in her backyard on April 6, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My name is Genevieve Schweitzer. I’m a junior at El Cerrito High School and I’m doing fine. I just miss my friends and doing normal things. It’s day 8. I’m sitting on my bed, basically in the position I’ve been in all day. I’m just thinking about all the things that have been canceled. Like concerts and trips to Disneyland with my band that we were planning, and prom. I already have my prom dress and it’s just hanging in my closet looking sad. But there’s definitely worse things going on right now so I don’t feel like I can complain too much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just got back from the school. They opened it for one afternoon so we could come get our stuff from our lockers and check out textbooks and things like that. There was a security guard sitting out front with hand sanitizer and wipes and you had to tell them where you were going and why. I didn’t expect it to feel so sad to see the school so empty and to be back. I already had my last day as a junior in high school. And when I come back, I’m going to be a senior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Julisa Gomez Reyes\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11816766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11816766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43096_003_KQED_BayCurious_Julisa_05062020-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Julisa Gomez Reyes, a high school junior, at her home in San Jose on April 6.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43096_003_KQED_BayCurious_Julisa_05062020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43096_003_KQED_BayCurious_Julisa_05062020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43096_003_KQED_BayCurious_Julisa_05062020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/05/RS43096_003_KQED_BayCurious_Julisa_05062020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julisa Gomez Reyes, a high school junior, at her home in San Jose on April 6, 2020. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“My name is Julisa Reyes Gomez. I’m a junior at Independence High School in San Jose. I miss school. I miss my friends. I miss my teachers. I miss the classroom. And this is something that I never thought I would be saying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My sleep schedule is really bad right now. The nights are where I’m awake and during the day I’m asleep. And I’m trying to fix that, especially with my family, we’re all doing it. My mom’s out of a job and we just don’t want to do anything because, I don’t know, we can’t go out and we’re usually a quiet family so it’s very difficult to get anything done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read and listen to more student perspectives as part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/youthtakeover\">KQED’s Youth Takeover 2020\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, we’ve been sheltering in place for almost two months and it doesn’t look like it’s going to end soon. This week, six Bay Area counties announced they are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates/news/11814508/bay-area-shelter-in-place-orders-to-be-extended-through-may\">extending shelter-in-place through May\u003c/a>. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting impacts on the economy and people’s livelihoods are real and disturbing. KQED reporters have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11805625/coronavirus-in-the-bay-area-your-questions-answered\">answering your questions about the pandemic\u003c/a> and what it will mean for the future of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But plenty of people are struggling with more personal hardships during this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/aehsanipour?lang=en\">Asal Ehsanipour\u003c/a> has been dating Larry Jerome for two years. During normal times, they’d see each other almost every day. But Larry has \u003ca href=\"https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/\">Crohn’s disease\u003c/a>, a chronic inflammatory illness where the body attacks itself. Larry’s disease is in remission, but only because he gets regular Remicade infusions — infusions that weaken his immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, Asal lives with roommates in the Sunset District of San Francisco. One of her roommates is a hospital nurse, and is pretty sure she’s been exposed to the coronavirus, which means Asal has probably been exposed, too. To keep Larry safe, she’s decided to self-isolate at her parents house in San Mateo. She doesn’t interact with her parents or Larry, hoping that by being extra vigilant she won’t have to worry about getting Larry sick when they see each other again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tough to transition a relationship that has known daily intimacy into a long-distance one. To keep themselves going, Larry sends Asal cute GIFs every morning. A few of her favorites are an \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/fzqwgc/this_old_couple_dancing_like_theyre_in_their_20s/\">old couple dancing like there’s no tomorrow\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/fo6q11/his_favorite_place_is_his_bed/\">cutest dog ever\u003c/a> and some \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/ftnlpk/one_way_to_play_fetch_and_while_keeping_your/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x\">ingenious parenting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://imgur.com/gallery/fwyc3mp\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11815018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/ezgif.com-optimize.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asal shared more of what it’s like to date an immunocompromised person right now in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11811250/dating-while-immunocompromised\">article \u003c/a>for The California Report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a less serious note, two months is a long time for many to go without seeing a hair stylist. Undyed roots are showing, bangs are getting in eyes and a lot of men are taking on a distinctly puffy look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Marcus Adams wanted to know: “Can hair stylists do home visits if they and their clients wear protective gear? If they do, are they subject to prosecution?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11812458/under-stay-at-home-orders-bay-area-takes-hair-maintenance-into-own-hands\">short answer\u003c/a> to this question is: no. Hair stylists cannot do home visits during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Violations of the health order can mean fines of up to $1,000, and, in rare cases, time in county jail,” said Sgt. Ray Kelly, spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedacountysheriff.org/\">Alameda County Sheriff’s Office\u003c/a>, one of a number of Bay Area law enforcement agencies responsible for ensuring non-essential businesses remain shut during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the vast majority of stylists are out of work, people bored at home have been busy doing a number on their own hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/BBCBreakfast/status/1245033364370984960\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are having fun with the trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Kschwart/status/1255575164114341890\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Kschwart/status/1255573420114432000\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Share your favorite quarantine GIF or hair style with us! We’re on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kqedbaycurious?lang=en\">@kqedbaycurious\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, we’ve been sheltering in place for almost two months and it doesn’t look like it’s going to end soon. This week, six Bay Area counties announced they are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/coronavirusliveupdates/news/11814508/bay-area-shelter-in-place-orders-to-be-extended-through-may\">extending shelter-in-place through May\u003c/a>. The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting impacts on the economy and people’s livelihoods are real and disturbing. KQED reporters have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11805625/coronavirus-in-the-bay-area-your-questions-answered\">answering your questions about the pandemic\u003c/a> and what it will mean for the future of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But plenty of people are struggling with more personal hardships during this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/aehsanipour?lang=en\">Asal Ehsanipour\u003c/a> has been dating Larry Jerome for two years. During normal times, they’d see each other almost every day. But Larry has \u003ca href=\"https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org/\">Crohn’s disease\u003c/a>, a chronic inflammatory illness where the body attacks itself. Larry’s disease is in remission, but only because he gets regular Remicade infusions — infusions that weaken his immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, Asal lives with roommates in the Sunset District of San Francisco. One of her roommates is a hospital nurse, and is pretty sure she’s been exposed to the coronavirus, which means Asal has probably been exposed, too. To keep Larry safe, she’s decided to self-isolate at her parents house in San Mateo. She doesn’t interact with her parents or Larry, hoping that by being extra vigilant she won’t have to worry about getting Larry sick when they see each other again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tough to transition a relationship that has known daily intimacy into a long-distance one. To keep themselves going, Larry sends Asal cute GIFs every morning. A few of her favorites are an \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/fzqwgc/this_old_couple_dancing_like_theyre_in_their_20s/\">old couple dancing like there’s no tomorrow\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/fo6q11/his_favorite_place_is_his_bed/\">cutest dog ever\u003c/a> and some \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/ftnlpk/one_way_to_play_fetch_and_while_keeping_your/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web2x\">ingenious parenting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://imgur.com/gallery/fwyc3mp\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11815018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/ezgif.com-optimize.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"240\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asal shared more of what it’s like to date an immunocompromised person right now in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11811250/dating-while-immunocompromised\">article \u003c/a>for The California Report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a less serious note, two months is a long time for many to go without seeing a hair stylist. Undyed roots are showing, bangs are getting in eyes and a lot of men are taking on a distinctly puffy look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Marcus Adams wanted to know: “Can hair stylists do home visits if they and their clients wear protective gear? If they do, are they subject to prosecution?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11812458/under-stay-at-home-orders-bay-area-takes-hair-maintenance-into-own-hands\">short answer\u003c/a> to this question is: no. Hair stylists cannot do home visits during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Violations of the health order can mean fines of up to $1,000, and, in rare cases, time in county jail,” said Sgt. Ray Kelly, spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alamedacountysheriff.org/\">Alameda County Sheriff’s Office\u003c/a>, one of a number of Bay Area law enforcement agencies responsible for ensuring non-essential businesses remain shut during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the vast majority of stylists are out of work, people bored at home have been busy doing a number on their own hair.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Share your favorite quarantine GIF or hair style with us! We’re on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kqedbaycurious?lang=en\">@kqedbaycurious\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>I’m standing in front of a stage, and right in front of me is country music superstar Dolly Parton. She’s performing a concert, and invites me on stage to sing her hit song \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ixrje2rXLMA\">“Jolene”\u003c/a> with her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flattered by the offer, I joined her on stage prepared to show off my vocal talents when — to my surprise and horror — I can’t remember a single word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humiliated, I tried again. But no matter how many times I opened my mouth to sing, no sound comes out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>And then I woke up.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pandemic began, people around the world have taken to sites like \u003ca href=\"https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=today%201-m&geo=US&q=weird%20dreams\">Google\u003c/a> and Twitter saying they seem to be dreaming more frequently and remembering the dreams with acute detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MikeIsaac/status/1247233873886339074?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some, the dreams have unearthed long-forgotten places and experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I haven’t waited tables in maybe 30 years, but I’ve definitely been having waitressing dreams,” said Juliet Hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For others, the pandemic has brought on a wide variety of vivid nightmares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recently, I had a dream that I traveled back in time to 2013 to warn a friend about the global pandemic occurring in 2020,” said Raymond Pun. “However, I also knew this friend would die, unexpectedly, in 2014 and would not live in the 2020 timeline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the experience of increasingly vivid dreams and nightmares may add even more confusion and stress in uncertain times, don’t fret. Experts say that disrupted or unusual sleep patterns is to be expected right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a unique time,” said Aric Prather, an associate professor of psychiatry at UCSF and the director of the behavioral sleep research program. “People are experiencing a level of stress and uncertainty that is fairly unprecedented … and that type of anxiety and angst doesn’t end when we close our eyes.”\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where are these dreams coming from?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It may feel like you’re dreaming more, but Prather said it’s more likely that you’re able to \u003cem>remember\u003c/em> the dreams with more clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people experience dreaming-sleep in the second half of the night, when your sleep is less deep. “And so there’s a tendency to have more awakenings or intermittent light sleep,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you wake up during this time — especially if you’re experiencing a “high-intense, negative, affective dream” — you may be more likely to remember it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may also be that our bodies are also responding to the coronavirus pandemic in unseen ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that when people get acutely stressed, you can narrow your focus and remember things that are particularly relevant,” Prather said. “It could be that, during this time period, our brains are kind of on high alert and tagging [relevant] things more frequently. And this is resulting in remembering our dreams more vividly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, there’s just your mind trying to process everything that’s happening in this unprecedented time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sleep serves a lot of different functions,” Prather said. “And one of [them] is trying to make sense of what happened during our day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What if I can’t get to sleep at all?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While some may be experiencing evenings full of evocative stories or horrifying nightmares, others say they’ve been experiencing prolonged periods of insomnia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insomnia is already really prevalent in our population, but is only growing as a consequence of the amount of stress that people are experiencing,” Prather explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/chriscoxrox/status/1248326855318372357?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prather said there are ways to take control of that stress and insomnia during these troubling times.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How to get a better night’s sleep\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Unplug and unwind\u003c/strong>: Set aside a time each night for when you’re going to stop checking the news, stop checking social media and begin getting into your bedtime routine.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Practice relaxing activities\u003c/strong>: Stretching, taking a warm shower, watching TV that’s not \u003cem>too\u003c/em> engaging. “That will help your body and brain begin to kind of know that we’re moving into the night and starting to relax,” Prather said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Sleep when you’re sleepy\u003c/strong>: This may seem obvious, but don’t go to bed until you’re actually tired. Don’t force yourself to try to fall asleep if you don’t \u003cem>feel\u003c/em> tired.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Don’t toss and turn\u003c/strong>: If you’ve been laying in bed for 30 minutes or more and you still can’t fall asleep, don’t force it. Prather recommends you get up and practice a quiet activity until you’re sleepy again.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Maintain a good relationship with your bed\u003c/strong>: “Oftentimes people with insomnia spend a lot of time tossing and turning in bed, and your body gets confused about what it’s supposed to be doing there,” Prather said. You want to make sure your brain associates your bed with sleep, not restlessness. So if you can’t sleep, get out of bed!\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Find your routine\u003c/strong>: COVID-19 has upended our lives in numerous ways, including messing with our sleep cycle. Prather recommends that you “structure your day in a way that protects your night” by following general best practices: “being active, not napping, reducing caffeine use, reducing alcohol use in the evening.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003cbr>\nAnd if you’re still plagued by constant, stressful dreams? Here are a few things you can do:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Journal throughout the day\u003c/strong>: While it may be helpful to write down what you’re dreaming, it can also be cathartic to write down your worries and anxieties \u003cem>throughout\u003c/em> the day. That way you can get them out of your system before you go to bed and they have a place to live.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Schedule time to worry\u003c/strong>: “One of the things that most commonly happens to people with insomnia is that, for whatever reason, it seems like the middle of the night is the best time to try to solve all the world’s problems,” Prather said. Instead, he recommends setting aside some intentional time during the day to worry.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Meditate\u003c/strong>: Prather said meditation can be a great tool for increasing your parasympathetic nervous system, which is essential for falling asleep and staying asleep and may help combat negative dreams.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Last, whether you’re dreaming about Dolly Parton or the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, Prather said we shouldn’t place unnecessary weight or importance on the content of our dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People that have recurrent nightmares due to traumas and things like that, that’s certainly something that should be taken seriously. But, you know, the content of our dreams are fascinating and mystical and often random,” Prather said. “I think it’s better to just kind of reflect and maybe smile about the strange things that you dream, versus getting worked up and investing a lot of time and effort to try to uncover what is being held there under the subconscious level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I’m standing in front of a stage, and right in front of me is country music superstar Dolly Parton. She’s performing a concert, and invites me on stage to sing her hit song \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ixrje2rXLMA\">“Jolene”\u003c/a> with her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flattered by the offer, I joined her on stage prepared to show off my vocal talents when — to my surprise and horror — I can’t remember a single word.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humiliated, I tried again. But no matter how many times I opened my mouth to sing, no sound comes out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>And then I woke up.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pandemic began, people around the world have taken to sites like \u003ca href=\"https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=today%201-m&geo=US&q=weird%20dreams\">Google\u003c/a> and Twitter saying they seem to be dreaming more frequently and remembering the dreams with acute detail.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>For some, the dreams have unearthed long-forgotten places and experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I haven’t waited tables in maybe 30 years, but I’ve definitely been having waitressing dreams,” said Juliet Hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For others, the pandemic has brought on a wide variety of vivid nightmares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recently, I had a dream that I traveled back in time to 2013 to warn a friend about the global pandemic occurring in 2020,” said Raymond Pun. “However, I also knew this friend would die, unexpectedly, in 2014 and would not live in the 2020 timeline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the experience of increasingly vivid dreams and nightmares may add even more confusion and stress in uncertain times, don’t fret. Experts say that disrupted or unusual sleep patterns is to be expected right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a unique time,” said Aric Prather, an associate professor of psychiatry at UCSF and the director of the behavioral sleep research program. “People are experiencing a level of stress and uncertainty that is fairly unprecedented … and that type of anxiety and angst doesn’t end when we close our eyes.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where are these dreams coming from?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It may feel like you’re dreaming more, but Prather said it’s more likely that you’re able to \u003cem>remember\u003c/em> the dreams with more clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people experience dreaming-sleep in the second half of the night, when your sleep is less deep. “And so there’s a tendency to have more awakenings or intermittent light sleep,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you wake up during this time — especially if you’re experiencing a “high-intense, negative, affective dream” — you may be more likely to remember it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may also be that our bodies are also responding to the coronavirus pandemic in unseen ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that when people get acutely stressed, you can narrow your focus and remember things that are particularly relevant,” Prather said. “It could be that, during this time period, our brains are kind of on high alert and tagging [relevant] things more frequently. And this is resulting in remembering our dreams more vividly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, there’s just your mind trying to process everything that’s happening in this unprecedented time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sleep serves a lot of different functions,” Prather said. “And one of [them] is trying to make sense of what happened during our day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What if I can’t get to sleep at all?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While some may be experiencing evenings full of evocative stories or horrifying nightmares, others say they’ve been experiencing prolonged periods of insomnia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Insomnia is already really prevalent in our population, but is only growing as a consequence of the amount of stress that people are experiencing,” Prather explained.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Prather said there are ways to take control of that stress and insomnia during these troubling times.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How to get a better night’s sleep\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Unplug and unwind\u003c/strong>: Set aside a time each night for when you’re going to stop checking the news, stop checking social media and begin getting into your bedtime routine.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Practice relaxing activities\u003c/strong>: Stretching, taking a warm shower, watching TV that’s not \u003cem>too\u003c/em> engaging. “That will help your body and brain begin to kind of know that we’re moving into the night and starting to relax,” Prather said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Sleep when you’re sleepy\u003c/strong>: This may seem obvious, but don’t go to bed until you’re actually tired. Don’t force yourself to try to fall asleep if you don’t \u003cem>feel\u003c/em> tired.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Don’t toss and turn\u003c/strong>: If you’ve been laying in bed for 30 minutes or more and you still can’t fall asleep, don’t force it. Prather recommends you get up and practice a quiet activity until you’re sleepy again.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Maintain a good relationship with your bed\u003c/strong>: “Oftentimes people with insomnia spend a lot of time tossing and turning in bed, and your body gets confused about what it’s supposed to be doing there,” Prather said. You want to make sure your brain associates your bed with sleep, not restlessness. So if you can’t sleep, get out of bed!\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Find your routine\u003c/strong>: COVID-19 has upended our lives in numerous ways, including messing with our sleep cycle. Prather recommends that you “structure your day in a way that protects your night” by following general best practices: “being active, not napping, reducing caffeine use, reducing alcohol use in the evening.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nAnd if you’re still plagued by constant, stressful dreams? Here are a few things you can do:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Journal throughout the day\u003c/strong>: While it may be helpful to write down what you’re dreaming, it can also be cathartic to write down your worries and anxieties \u003cem>throughout\u003c/em> the day. That way you can get them out of your system before you go to bed and they have a place to live.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Schedule time to worry\u003c/strong>: “One of the things that most commonly happens to people with insomnia is that, for whatever reason, it seems like the middle of the night is the best time to try to solve all the world’s problems,” Prather said. Instead, he recommends setting aside some intentional time during the day to worry.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Meditate\u003c/strong>: Prather said meditation can be a great tool for increasing your parasympathetic nervous system, which is essential for falling asleep and staying asleep and may help combat negative dreams.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Last, whether you’re dreaming about Dolly Parton or the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, Prather said we shouldn’t place unnecessary weight or importance on the content of our dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People that have recurrent nightmares due to traumas and things like that, that’s certainly something that should be taken seriously. But, you know, the content of our dreams are fascinating and mystical and often random,” Prather said. “I think it’s better to just kind of reflect and maybe smile about the strange things that you dream, versus getting worked up and investing a lot of time and effort to try to uncover what is being held there under the subconscious level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Has Sheltering in Place Been Good for the Environment?",
"headTitle": "Has Sheltering in Place Been Good for the Environment? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When shelter-in-place orders went into effect in California, human activity changed significantly. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That got listener Anne-Marie Roschè in Berkeley thinking: “What impact does this change in human behavior have on the rest of the ecosystem?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s early yet, but scientists are starting to see some effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious caught up with Kevin Stark, from KQED’s science team, who has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1961488/bay-area-traffic-is-down-70-air-district-estimates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">following this story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Emissions and Air Pollution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Car traffic is the Bay Area’s main source of air pollution. One estimate found traffic over the Bay Area’s bridges during rush hour is down by 70%. Local air regulators say that decrease in traffic would result in a potential 20% reduction in fine particulates and a 38% drop in nitrogen oxides. Carbon dioxide emissions, the leading driver of climate change, would be down 26%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Meg Thurlow, vice president of sensing systems and applied science at Aclima, a San Francisco-based air quality mapping startup, Bay Area pollution levels have continuously declined since March 17, when many counties initiated stay-at-home orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11813798\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11813798 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-800x599.jpeg\" alt=\"A graph showing air pollutant levels in the Bay Area. They are down when compared to averages from previous years. \" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-800x599.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-1020x764.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-1376x1032.jpeg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-536x402.jpeg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphic by Aclima.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shipping accounts for air quality problems in some parts of the Bay Area — specifically in West Oakland, where diesel smoke from semi-trucks picking up goods settles into the neighborhood. But with shipping traffic down by 11%, the air quality in that neighborhood has improved. Aclima has found West Oakland’s carbon dioxide levels have dipped under the Bay Area’s regional average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read more: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1961488/bay-area-traffic-is-down-70-air-district-estimates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Area Pollution Way Down, Air District Estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Global Trends\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing an impact on carbon emissions on a global level, too. By one \u003ca href=\"https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-set-to-cause-largest-ever-annual-fall-in-co2-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimate\u003c/a>, the pandemic could result in a 5.5% drop in worldwide carbon emissions this year. And the U.S. Energy Information Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">projects\u003c/a> the country’s emissions from gas and energy could decrease by 7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the pause in traffic and industry, scientists say it’s not enough to prevent the worst impacts of climate change. The United Nations has said emissions must be \u003ca href=\"https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/press-release/cut-global-emissions-76-percent-every-year-next-decade-meet-15degc\">reduced by about 7.6%\u003c/a> each year to pause the effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read more: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962524/coping-with-the-coronavirus-applying-it-to-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">After the Coronavirus, the Climate Crisis Will Remain. What Have We Learned?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Wildlife\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Animals also seem to be reaping some rewards during this time, pushing into areas they typically avoid because of human activity or noise. There has been an uptick of \u003ca href=\"https://sfist.com/2020/03/28/coyotes-are-taking-full-advantage-of-san-franciscos-empty-streets-while-the-city-shelters-in-place/\">coyote sightings\u003c/a> in San Francisco on social media. Yosemite National Park rangers say bears are coming out more frequently. In Australia, kangaroos have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-52350091/australia-coronavirus-lockdown-kangaroo-hops-through-empty-adelaide-streets\">caught on camera\u003c/a> hopping about on city streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/YosemiteNPS/status/1249880050343784448\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/YosemiteNPS/status/1248748853177663488\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Capturing Gains\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While it’s promising to read about these environmental benefits, it’s important to recognize that these gains are likely temporary unless action is taken to either move toward cleaner energy or reduce our need for energy. Still, this period of time may provide insights that will help leaders at all levels map out a cleaner future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read more:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962084/carbon-emissions-are-plummeting-but-researchers-say-its-still-not-enough\">Plummeting Carbon Emissions Are a Temporary Thing. Renewable Energy Could Make This the Future\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962524/coping-with-the-coronavirus-applying-it-to-climate-change\">After the Coronavirus, the Climate Crisis Will Remain. What Have We Learned?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When shelter-in-place orders went into effect in California, human activity changed significantly. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That got listener Anne-Marie Roschè in Berkeley thinking: “What impact does this change in human behavior have on the rest of the ecosystem?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s early yet, but scientists are starting to see some effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious caught up with Kevin Stark, from KQED’s science team, who has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1961488/bay-area-traffic-is-down-70-air-district-estimates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">following this story\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Emissions and Air Pollution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Car traffic is the Bay Area’s main source of air pollution. One estimate found traffic over the Bay Area’s bridges during rush hour is down by 70%. Local air regulators say that decrease in traffic would result in a potential 20% reduction in fine particulates and a 38% drop in nitrogen oxides. Carbon dioxide emissions, the leading driver of climate change, would be down 26%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Meg Thurlow, vice president of sensing systems and applied science at Aclima, a San Francisco-based air quality mapping startup, Bay Area pollution levels have continuously declined since March 17, when many counties initiated stay-at-home orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11813798\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11813798 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-800x599.jpeg\" alt=\"A graph showing air pollutant levels in the Bay Area. They are down when compared to averages from previous years. \" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-800x599.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-1020x764.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-1376x1032.jpeg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-1044x783.jpeg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-632x474.jpeg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ-536x402.jpeg 536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/1_6rxaFzSLUiSXZe9m0p4TXQ.jpeg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graphic by Aclima.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shipping accounts for air quality problems in some parts of the Bay Area — specifically in West Oakland, where diesel smoke from semi-trucks picking up goods settles into the neighborhood. But with shipping traffic down by 11%, the air quality in that neighborhood has improved. Aclima has found West Oakland’s carbon dioxide levels have dipped under the Bay Area’s regional average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read more: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1961488/bay-area-traffic-is-down-70-air-district-estimates\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Area Pollution Way Down, Air District Estimates\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Global Trends\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing an impact on carbon emissions on a global level, too. By one \u003ca href=\"https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-coronavirus-set-to-cause-largest-ever-annual-fall-in-co2-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimate\u003c/a>, the pandemic could result in a 5.5% drop in worldwide carbon emissions this year. And the U.S. Energy Information Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/steo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">projects\u003c/a> the country’s emissions from gas and energy could decrease by 7%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the pause in traffic and industry, scientists say it’s not enough to prevent the worst impacts of climate change. The United Nations has said emissions must be \u003ca href=\"https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/press-release/cut-global-emissions-76-percent-every-year-next-decade-meet-15degc\">reduced by about 7.6%\u003c/a> each year to pause the effects of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read more: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962524/coping-with-the-coronavirus-applying-it-to-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">After the Coronavirus, the Climate Crisis Will Remain. What Have We Learned?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Wildlife\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Animals also seem to be reaping some rewards during this time, pushing into areas they typically avoid because of human activity or noise. There has been an uptick of \u003ca href=\"https://sfist.com/2020/03/28/coyotes-are-taking-full-advantage-of-san-franciscos-empty-streets-while-the-city-shelters-in-place/\">coyote sightings\u003c/a> in San Francisco on social media. Yosemite National Park rangers say bears are coming out more frequently. In Australia, kangaroos have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-52350091/australia-coronavirus-lockdown-kangaroo-hops-through-empty-adelaide-streets\">caught on camera\u003c/a> hopping about on city streets.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003ch2>Capturing Gains\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While it’s promising to read about these environmental benefits, it’s important to recognize that these gains are likely temporary unless action is taken to either move toward cleaner energy or reduce our need for energy. Still, this period of time may provide insights that will help leaders at all levels map out a cleaner future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read more:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962084/carbon-emissions-are-plummeting-but-researchers-say-its-still-not-enough\">Plummeting Carbon Emissions Are a Temporary Thing. Renewable Energy Could Make This the Future\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1962524/coping-with-the-coronavirus-applying-it-to-climate-change\">After the Coronavirus, the Climate Crisis Will Remain. What Have We Learned?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Did San Francisco Put the 'Bay' in Bay Windows?",
"headTitle": "Did San Francisco Put the ‘Bay’ in Bay Windows? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]here are so many bay windows in San Francisco, Oakland and other cities around the Bay Area, it would be easy to assume they were invented here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But were they?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Ayran Michaels wants to know, “Why are bay windows such a prominent architectural style here in the Bay Area?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer this, we need to go back in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where Do Bay Windows Come From?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The bay window has its roots in the 17th and 18th centuries. An architectural feature called an \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriel_window\">oriel\u003c/a>, began to appear on the homes of British elite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An oriel looks like a large stone bay window. It’s “…basically a three-sided or four-sided appendage to a building that cantilevers out over the ground beneath,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.verplanckconsulting.com/index.html\">Christopher VerPlanck\u003c/a>, an independent architectural historian in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the oriel started out as an embellishment on British manor houses — residents would often put a chapel or throne in them — the feature ultimately made its way into urban housing as well. Many working-class Brits live in what’s called terrace housing: identical homes built close together. These row houses were made of brick and were packed together so tightly that there were only two outward-facing walls. One at the front, and one at the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have limited space to put the windows in the front of the house, if you’ve got a three-sided bay window, it lets a lot more light into the interior of the house,” said VerPlanck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11812612\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11812612 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows17.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows17.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows17-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows17-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows17-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Redwood was easy to work with, allowing local builders to create ornate embellishments around the bay windows. \u003ccite>(Christopher Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Europeans immigrated to the East Coast of what became the United States, they brought the bay window with them. Dense cities like Boston, New York and others along the eastern seaboard all have bay windows because of this connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if the bay window came from Britain and then New England, how did it become so closely associated with San Francisco?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fur traders had been visiting California for years, but the Gold Rush made it a destination for fortune-seekers. California officially became a state in 1850.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco was really a maritime outpost of New England and New York,” VerPlanck said. “I mean, most of the early Anglo-American settlers came from those cities.” And those early settlers built some of the city’s first houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Housing lots in San Francisco were narrow, averaging 25 feet wide, and “in many cases the sidewalls butt up against each other,” said VerPlanck. The settlers already had a model to work with, inspired by those humble, brick row houses in Europe — the bay window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few people built bay windows onto their homes and before long, Christopher VerPlanck said, “everybody did them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, back then, San Francisco was isolated,” said Jay Gifford, a San Francisco resident and tour guide for \u003ca href=\"https://www.victorianhomewalk.com/\">Victorian Home Walk\u003c/a>. “In other words, we had to build with what was local. And what was local was redwood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood is a notoriously strong and easy to work construction material that, in the mid 1800s, was easy to find in places like Marin and the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11812609\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2592px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11812609 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2592\" height=\"1728\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11.jpg 2592w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2592px) 100vw, 2592px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jay Gifford leads a Victorian Home Walk tour. \u003ccite>(Christopher Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The wood was cheap so all the houses were over-embellished, so the bay windows have so much detail,” Gifford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After World War II, bay windows became less common in new construction. According to VerPlanck, they started making a comeback in the 1980s when “people start to desire a return to this more traditional architecture, and you really start to see that get incorporated into apartment buildings in San Francisco in the last two decades of the twentieth century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about the name, “bay window,” surely that’s a reference to our glorious San Francisco Bay, right? Sorry, nope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a reference to the physical shape of the bay window because it looks like a bay in [the] plan,” VerPlanck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While San Franciscans may have had nothing to do with inventing the bay window, our city has certainly become known for them. And that, in and of itself, is pretty cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Victorian homes are iconic to the San Francisco Bay Area. Think the Painted Ladies at Alamo Square. But how did bay windows, a defining feature of these homes, become so common here?",
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"headline": "Did San Francisco Put the 'Bay' in Bay Windows?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>here are so many bay windows in San Francisco, Oakland and other cities around the Bay Area, it would be easy to assume they were invented here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But were they?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Ayran Michaels wants to know, “Why are bay windows such a prominent architectural style here in the Bay Area?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To answer this, we need to go back in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where Do Bay Windows Come From?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The bay window has its roots in the 17th and 18th centuries. An architectural feature called an \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriel_window\">oriel\u003c/a>, began to appear on the homes of British elite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An oriel looks like a large stone bay window. It’s “…basically a three-sided or four-sided appendage to a building that cantilevers out over the ground beneath,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.verplanckconsulting.com/index.html\">Christopher VerPlanck\u003c/a>, an independent architectural historian in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the oriel started out as an embellishment on British manor houses — residents would often put a chapel or throne in them — the feature ultimately made its way into urban housing as well. Many working-class Brits live in what’s called terrace housing: identical homes built close together. These row houses were made of brick and were packed together so tightly that there were only two outward-facing walls. One at the front, and one at the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have limited space to put the windows in the front of the house, if you’ve got a three-sided bay window, it lets a lot more light into the interior of the house,” said VerPlanck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11812612\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11812612 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows17.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows17.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows17-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows17-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows17-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Redwood was easy to work with, allowing local builders to create ornate embellishments around the bay windows. \u003ccite>(Christopher Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Europeans immigrated to the East Coast of what became the United States, they brought the bay window with them. Dense cities like Boston, New York and others along the eastern seaboard all have bay windows because of this connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if the bay window came from Britain and then New England, how did it become so closely associated with San Francisco?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fur traders had been visiting California for years, but the Gold Rush made it a destination for fortune-seekers. California officially became a state in 1850.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco was really a maritime outpost of New England and New York,” VerPlanck said. “I mean, most of the early Anglo-American settlers came from those cities.” And those early settlers built some of the city’s first houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Housing lots in San Francisco were narrow, averaging 25 feet wide, and “in many cases the sidewalls butt up against each other,” said VerPlanck. The settlers already had a model to work with, inspired by those humble, brick row houses in Europe — the bay window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few people built bay windows onto their homes and before long, Christopher VerPlanck said, “everybody did them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, back then, San Francisco was isolated,” said Jay Gifford, a San Francisco resident and tour guide for \u003ca href=\"https://www.victorianhomewalk.com/\">Victorian Home Walk\u003c/a>. “In other words, we had to build with what was local. And what was local was redwood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood is a notoriously strong and easy to work construction material that, in the mid 1800s, was easy to find in places like Marin and the East Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11812609\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2592px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11812609 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2592\" height=\"1728\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11.jpg 2592w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/04/KQED_BayCurious_BayWindows11-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2592px) 100vw, 2592px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jay Gifford leads a Victorian Home Walk tour. \u003ccite>(Christopher Beale/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The wood was cheap so all the houses were over-embellished, so the bay windows have so much detail,” Gifford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After World War II, bay windows became less common in new construction. According to VerPlanck, they started making a comeback in the 1980s when “people start to desire a return to this more traditional architecture, and you really start to see that get incorporated into apartment buildings in San Francisco in the last two decades of the twentieth century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about the name, “bay window,” surely that’s a reference to our glorious San Francisco Bay, right? Sorry, nope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a reference to the physical shape of the bay window because it looks like a bay in [the] plan,” VerPlanck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While San Franciscans may have had nothing to do with inventing the bay window, our city has certainly become known for them. And that, in and of itself, is pretty cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>KQED audience members have sent in over 1,800 questions about the coronavirus and how to shelter in place. Our colleagues in the newsroom are answering as many as they can in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11805625/coronavirus-in-the-bay-area-your-questions-answered\">coronavirus FAQ\u003c/a>, and the KQED Science team is keeping a running\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1957877/live-updates-coronavirus-in-the-san-francisco-bay-area\"> live blog\u003c/a> of all the latest news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we all shelter in place to prevent the spread of the coronavirus, many of us aren’t getting out much. When we do, it’s probably to go grocery shopping. For some, a trip to the store may feel like a thrilling adventure, a chance to finally leave the house. But, going to a crowded public place carries risks. KQED has gotten a lot of questions about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11809265/doing-the-essential-grocery-shopping-in-the-bay-area-during-the-pandemic\">how to safely go grocery shopping\u003c/a> and bring that food into an already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1959172/coronavirus-how-and-when-to-clean-your-home-and-wash-your-hands\">carefully sanitized home\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind, public health officials have found no documented cases of COVID-19 transmission from food or food packaging. The exposure risks from grocery shopping are largely from getting too close to other shoppers or touching surfaces — like door handles or shopping carts — that many other people touch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While lines outside grocery stores are a drag, they also indicate that management is taking the risk seriously and is managing capacity to ensure it doesn’t get too crowded. That’s a good thing and will make you safer when you shop. If a store isn’t staggering entrances, it may not be the best choice for your shopping expedition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the latest guidance:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Follow social distancing rules. Keep 6 feet between yourself and other shoppers at all times.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear a mask or face covering when in public (this is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover.html\">recent recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003c/a> as of April 3). A bandana, scarf or homemade mask is enough.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use sterile wipes to sanitize the handle of the shopping cart, and generally be careful not to touch your face while shopping.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1960866/why-washing-your-hands-works-so-well-and-how-to-do-it-right\">Wash your hands\u003c/a> before and after shopping, as well as before and after cooking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Some people are concerned about the virus persisting on the surfaces of food brought home from the grocery store. That is possible, but unlikely. Check out this video for some tips on how to sanitize food brought into the home if you’d like to be extra safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjDuwc9KBps&=&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11809265/doing-the-essential-grocery-shopping-in-the-bay-area-during-the-pandemic\">safe to order takeout food\u003c/a> as long as everyone follows proper social distancing and hygiene guidelines. In fact, many local businesses are struggling during this pandemic, so patronizing favorite local spots could help ensure they’re still open when this is all over. Just be careful to keep 6 feet of distance between yourself and a restaurant worker or delivery person, wash your hands thoroughly, and if you can, tip well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>KQED audience members have sent in over 1,800 questions about the coronavirus and how to shelter in place. Our colleagues in the newsroom are answering as many as they can in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11805625/coronavirus-in-the-bay-area-your-questions-answered\">coronavirus FAQ\u003c/a>, and the KQED Science team is keeping a running\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1957877/live-updates-coronavirus-in-the-san-francisco-bay-area\"> live blog\u003c/a> of all the latest news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While we all shelter in place to prevent the spread of the coronavirus, many of us aren’t getting out much. When we do, it’s probably to go grocery shopping. For some, a trip to the store may feel like a thrilling adventure, a chance to finally leave the house. But, going to a crowded public place carries risks. KQED has gotten a lot of questions about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11809265/doing-the-essential-grocery-shopping-in-the-bay-area-during-the-pandemic\">how to safely go grocery shopping\u003c/a> and bring that food into an already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1959172/coronavirus-how-and-when-to-clean-your-home-and-wash-your-hands\">carefully sanitized home\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind, public health officials have found no documented cases of COVID-19 transmission from food or food packaging. The exposure risks from grocery shopping are largely from getting too close to other shoppers or touching surfaces — like door handles or shopping carts — that many other people touch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While lines outside grocery stores are a drag, they also indicate that management is taking the risk seriously and is managing capacity to ensure it doesn’t get too crowded. That’s a good thing and will make you safer when you shop. If a store isn’t staggering entrances, it may not be the best choice for your shopping expedition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the latest guidance:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Follow social distancing rules. Keep 6 feet between yourself and other shoppers at all times.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Wear a mask or face covering when in public (this is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover.html\">recent recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003c/a> as of April 3). A bandana, scarf or homemade mask is enough.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use sterile wipes to sanitize the handle of the shopping cart, and generally be careful not to touch your face while shopping.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1960866/why-washing-your-hands-works-so-well-and-how-to-do-it-right\">Wash your hands\u003c/a> before and after shopping, as well as before and after cooking.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Some people are concerned about the virus persisting on the surfaces of food brought home from the grocery store. That is possible, but unlikely. Check out this video for some tips on how to sanitize food brought into the home if you’d like to be extra safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It has been a week, y’all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news is changing so fast that it’s pretty hard to put it into a podcast. So the Bay Curious team decided to focus on something a little bit different in these dark times: We’re bringing you an audio care package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this week’s episode (hit play button under the headline listen) we’ve got tips on how to care for yourself and others, an inspiring story about how one neighbor is helping another, and a tour through the creative world of digital gatherings to help you make the most of this challenging time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Tips on how to keep your chill\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>KQED’s arts and culture editor \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/nvoynovskaya\">Nastia Voynovskaya\u003c/a> is a guiding light for how to keep chill during challenging times. Here are some of her tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how to cope:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, limit your exposure to the news. Read reliable fact-based reporting to keep yourself informed, but don’t feel like you have to read everything that’s out there — especially if it’s stressing you out and giving you anxiety. Feel free to take a walk. Read a book. Get off your phone or your computer. Turn off notifications and take a break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On remembering to move your body: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s only so much time you can spend sitting down. Make sure to take walks outside. Run if you can. Hiking is still allowed as long as you stay at least six feet away from other people. There is also a wealth of free yoga and fitness classes on YouTube to take advantage of. These are really high anxiety times for people — there’s a free meditation app I really like to use called \u003ca href=\"https://insighttimer.com/\">Insight Timer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On keeping your mind stimulated:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Make sure you’re keeping yourself stimulated and occupying your brain. I personally love to listen to podcasts like \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment\">Snap Judgment\u003c/a>, a storytelling show that doesn’t have to do with today’s news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a great chance to learn a new skill or try a new craft. Crossword puzzles are great. There’s also a free app called \u003ca href=\"https://www.overdrive.com/apps/libby/\">Libby\u003c/a>, where you can use your library card to borrow books and audiobooks. A lot of artists are also using Instagram Live to livestream their concerts or classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how to stay connected:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t forget to schedule FaceTime and Zoom calls with your friends. Some of my friends have been getting creative by doing karaoke on Zoom. I want to do craft parties. You can also do a book or movie club over FaceTime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t forget to check in on people that might be isolated, whether they’re sick, elderly, or they have an immune disorder or another underlying condition that makes it especially risky for them to go outside right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More tips: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13876619/self-care-tips-to-get-you-through-the-new-coronavirus-normal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Self-Care Tips to Get You Through the New Coronavirus Normal\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>When helping others is the best self-care\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>There are some really amazing stories of neighbors helping neighbors through this crisis already. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/katrinaschwartz\">Katrina Schwartz\u003c/a> brings us a story from Berkeley of two people who have found that even in catastrophe, you can grow closer together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I’m in my 80th year. I’m trying to ease into it gradually. Nothing is easy right now. Believe me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: There was a general location that was provided in the spreadsheet, but it did not have an address. So I had to do a little bit of sleuthing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I’m Laura, from the Women’s History Library and the \u003ca href=\"https://ncmdr.org/\">National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: Hi, I’m Igor Tregub in Berkeley.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I’m also one of those folks with the compromised immune system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: I was trying to figure out how I could be a net positive for my community. And I went through the list of neighbors who asked for various kinds of support. And just in case, I ended up sending each of them an email.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I began to remember standing there in the eighth grade waiting to be chosen at a dance. And that’s the horror of that. All those terrible school girl memories were coming back, and then Igor stepped up.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: Turned out that she is quite a legend, and a telltale sign was that she had her own \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_X\">Wikipedia page\u003c/a>. She has been an icon of the feminist movement.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I have been very moved by so many people. I just moved to tears by people’s offers to help.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: We ended up getting her about two weeks worth of supplies and we were able to still exercise the six feet of prescribed social distancing at the door. We ended up having a really great conversation on the porch of her house.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I actually had been to where he was born in Ukraine. And so it was all kind of fun for me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: It just goes to show sometimes small acts of kindness … you might end up meeting a lifelong friend.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: “What delightful people,” I thought to myself. Wow, a lot of people in Berkeley can meet this way. And it’s a great thing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: It made me feel better. It gave me a sense of larger purpose.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: That was really, really special. And, you know, you don’t really quite know how to articulate the malaise until something different happens.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: There are hundreds, if not thousands of neighbors just like me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Your guide to digital gatherings\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>It seems like every hour, we’re seeing something new and cool that people are doing to create online community and offer something positive for others. We asked reporter \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/aehsanipour\">Asal Ehsanipour\u003c/a> to take us on a tour of what all is out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/ourvirtualwellnessstudio\">Guided Meditations\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: In a time of incredible anxiety, meditation is a great way to keep those feelings at bay. Sure, there’s YouTube. But some people find they want togetherness, even in a practice as solitary as this one. That’s why last week Chloe Tschanz decided to take her company’s guided meditations virtual. Chloe is leading these guided meditations on Zoom a few times a week. She hosts them from San Francisco’s Panhandle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/urbanadamah/\">Prayer Circles\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/urbanadamah/\">Urban Adamah\u003c/a>, a Jewish farm in Berkeley, also recommends people take a moment to slow it down and breathe. They host what they call “Virtual Avodat Lev,” which means “Service of the Heart” in Hebrew. Participants join from around the country first thing in the morning and they say it’s a free way to connect with ourselves and each other through prayer and poetry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/thefeelingsparade/?__tn__=%2Cd%2CP-R&eid=ARAB6cauVxZx0BjxZSfkxQO8dNWfytuZGKcVRlKTsZc7xNSnPPHk-gG9uZuLX5m2FLUxzDw9-3bI0-74\">\u003cstrong>Virtual Concerts\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: A lot of people are finding creative ways to connect through song. You might have seen artists like John Legend and Coldplay host acoustic sessions on social media. Here in the Bay Area. Local musicians like San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/thefeelingsparade/?__tn__=%2Cd%2CP-R&eid=ARAB6cauVxZx0BjxZSfkxQO8dNWfytuZGKcVRlKTsZc7xNSnPPHk-gG9uZuLX5m2FLUxzDw9-3bI0-74\">The Feelings Parade\u003c/a> are following suit on a much more intimate scale. On Tuesday, they held their first virtual concert they’re calling “Feelings Gatherings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wendymac/?hl=en\">\u003cstrong>Art Classes\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: And there are dozens of other ways to stay inspired. For example, artist Wendy Macnaughton (\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wendymac/?hl=en\">@wendymac\u003c/a>) is holding art classes on Instagram Live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBh7u2unHQE&feature=youtu.be\">\u003cstrong>Kids Singalongs\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Need help keeping your kids entertained? The local musician, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBh7u2unHQE&feature=youtu.be\">Alison Faith Levy\u003c/a>, has weekly sing alongs on YouTube for toddlers and preschoolers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/salonsf/\">\u003cstrong>Group Conversations\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Itching to make new friends? San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/salonsf/\">One Salon\u003c/a> is a weekly gathering for thoughtful conversations. This week they hosted their first digital salon, where they played improv games and each answered the question of the day: “Despite their current crisis, what is one thing that you’re grateful for?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/mkik808\">\u003cstrong>Dance Parties\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Maybe some of you just want to let off some steam by dancing with 4,000 strangers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/mkik808/?hl=en\">Mark Kanemura\u003c/a>, one of Lady Gaga’s backup dancers, is hosting daily dance parties on Instagram Live, complete with body rolls, wigs and confetti he’s throwing around his living room. When life gets crazy, sometimes you just gotta dance it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It has been a week, y’all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news is changing so fast that it’s pretty hard to put it into a podcast. So the Bay Curious team decided to focus on something a little bit different in these dark times: We’re bringing you an audio care package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this week’s episode (hit play button under the headline listen) we’ve got tips on how to care for yourself and others, an inspiring story about how one neighbor is helping another, and a tour through the creative world of digital gatherings to help you make the most of this challenging time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Tips on how to keep your chill\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>KQED’s arts and culture editor \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/nvoynovskaya\">Nastia Voynovskaya\u003c/a> is a guiding light for how to keep chill during challenging times. Here are some of her tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how to cope:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, limit your exposure to the news. Read reliable fact-based reporting to keep yourself informed, but don’t feel like you have to read everything that’s out there — especially if it’s stressing you out and giving you anxiety. Feel free to take a walk. Read a book. Get off your phone or your computer. Turn off notifications and take a break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On remembering to move your body: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s only so much time you can spend sitting down. Make sure to take walks outside. Run if you can. Hiking is still allowed as long as you stay at least six feet away from other people. There is also a wealth of free yoga and fitness classes on YouTube to take advantage of. These are really high anxiety times for people — there’s a free meditation app I really like to use called \u003ca href=\"https://insighttimer.com/\">Insight Timer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On keeping your mind stimulated:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Make sure you’re keeping yourself stimulated and occupying your brain. I personally love to listen to podcasts like \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment\">Snap Judgment\u003c/a>, a storytelling show that doesn’t have to do with today’s news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a great chance to learn a new skill or try a new craft. Crossword puzzles are great. There’s also a free app called \u003ca href=\"https://www.overdrive.com/apps/libby/\">Libby\u003c/a>, where you can use your library card to borrow books and audiobooks. A lot of artists are also using Instagram Live to livestream their concerts or classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how to stay connected:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t forget to schedule FaceTime and Zoom calls with your friends. Some of my friends have been getting creative by doing karaoke on Zoom. I want to do craft parties. You can also do a book or movie club over FaceTime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t forget to check in on people that might be isolated, whether they’re sick, elderly, or they have an immune disorder or another underlying condition that makes it especially risky for them to go outside right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More tips: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13876619/self-care-tips-to-get-you-through-the-new-coronavirus-normal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Self-Care Tips to Get You Through the New Coronavirus Normal\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>When helping others is the best self-care\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>There are some really amazing stories of neighbors helping neighbors through this crisis already. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/katrinaschwartz\">Katrina Schwartz\u003c/a> brings us a story from Berkeley of two people who have found that even in catastrophe, you can grow closer together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I’m in my 80th year. I’m trying to ease into it gradually. Nothing is easy right now. Believe me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: There was a general location that was provided in the spreadsheet, but it did not have an address. So I had to do a little bit of sleuthing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I’m Laura, from the Women’s History Library and the \u003ca href=\"https://ncmdr.org/\">National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: Hi, I’m Igor Tregub in Berkeley.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I’m also one of those folks with the compromised immune system.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: I was trying to figure out how I could be a net positive for my community. And I went through the list of neighbors who asked for various kinds of support. And just in case, I ended up sending each of them an email.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I began to remember standing there in the eighth grade waiting to be chosen at a dance. And that’s the horror of that. All those terrible school girl memories were coming back, and then Igor stepped up.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: Turned out that she is quite a legend, and a telltale sign was that she had her own \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_X\">Wikipedia page\u003c/a>. She has been an icon of the feminist movement.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I have been very moved by so many people. I just moved to tears by people’s offers to help.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: We ended up getting her about two weeks worth of supplies and we were able to still exercise the six feet of prescribed social distancing at the door. We ended up having a really great conversation on the porch of her house.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: I actually had been to where he was born in Ukraine. And so it was all kind of fun for me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: It just goes to show sometimes small acts of kindness … you might end up meeting a lifelong friend.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: “What delightful people,” I thought to myself. Wow, a lot of people in Berkeley can meet this way. And it’s a great thing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: It made me feel better. It gave me a sense of larger purpose.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura: That was really, really special. And, you know, you don’t really quite know how to articulate the malaise until something different happens.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Igor: There are hundreds, if not thousands of neighbors just like me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Your guide to digital gatherings\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>It seems like every hour, we’re seeing something new and cool that people are doing to create online community and offer something positive for others. We asked reporter \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/aehsanipour\">Asal Ehsanipour\u003c/a> to take us on a tour of what all is out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/ourvirtualwellnessstudio\">Guided Meditations\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: In a time of incredible anxiety, meditation is a great way to keep those feelings at bay. Sure, there’s YouTube. But some people find they want togetherness, even in a practice as solitary as this one. That’s why last week Chloe Tschanz decided to take her company’s guided meditations virtual. Chloe is leading these guided meditations on Zoom a few times a week. She hosts them from San Francisco’s Panhandle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/urbanadamah/\">Prayer Circles\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/urbanadamah/\">Urban Adamah\u003c/a>, a Jewish farm in Berkeley, also recommends people take a moment to slow it down and breathe. They host what they call “Virtual Avodat Lev,” which means “Service of the Heart” in Hebrew. Participants join from around the country first thing in the morning and they say it’s a free way to connect with ourselves and each other through prayer and poetry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/thefeelingsparade/?__tn__=%2Cd%2CP-R&eid=ARAB6cauVxZx0BjxZSfkxQO8dNWfytuZGKcVRlKTsZc7xNSnPPHk-gG9uZuLX5m2FLUxzDw9-3bI0-74\">\u003cstrong>Virtual Concerts\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: A lot of people are finding creative ways to connect through song. You might have seen artists like John Legend and Coldplay host acoustic sessions on social media. Here in the Bay Area. Local musicians like San Francisco-based \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/thefeelingsparade/?__tn__=%2Cd%2CP-R&eid=ARAB6cauVxZx0BjxZSfkxQO8dNWfytuZGKcVRlKTsZc7xNSnPPHk-gG9uZuLX5m2FLUxzDw9-3bI0-74\">The Feelings Parade\u003c/a> are following suit on a much more intimate scale. On Tuesday, they held their first virtual concert they’re calling “Feelings Gatherings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wendymac/?hl=en\">\u003cstrong>Art Classes\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: And there are dozens of other ways to stay inspired. For example, artist Wendy Macnaughton (\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/wendymac/?hl=en\">@wendymac\u003c/a>) is holding art classes on Instagram Live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBh7u2unHQE&feature=youtu.be\">\u003cstrong>Kids Singalongs\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Need help keeping your kids entertained? The local musician, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sBh7u2unHQE&feature=youtu.be\">Alison Faith Levy\u003c/a>, has weekly sing alongs on YouTube for toddlers and preschoolers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/salonsf/\">\u003cstrong>Group Conversations\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Itching to make new friends? San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/salonsf/\">One Salon\u003c/a> is a weekly gathering for thoughtful conversations. This week they hosted their first digital salon, where they played improv games and each answered the question of the day: “Despite their current crisis, what is one thing that you’re grateful for?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/mkik808\">\u003cstrong>Dance Parties\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>: Maybe some of you just want to let off some steam by dancing with 4,000 strangers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/mkik808/?hl=en\">Mark Kanemura\u003c/a>, one of Lady Gaga’s backup dancers, is hosting daily dance parties on Instagram Live, complete with body rolls, wigs and confetti he’s throwing around his living room. When life gets crazy, sometimes you just gotta dance it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why Aren't Any Billboards on 280?",
"headTitle": "Why Aren’t Any Billboards on 280? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>If there’s one thing listener David Shayer hates, it’s billboards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish there was a billboard liberation front that went out in the middle of the night and cut down all the billboards,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s noticed a discrepancy between two major highways on the San Francisco Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highway 101 is dense, industrial and chock full of billboards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst are the electronic billboards that are bright at night, and the display keeps changing,” Shayer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highway 280 is only a few miles west, but it feels a world away. Rolling green hills line the highway, and there’s not a billboard (or a building) in sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all beautiful and green,” Shayer exclaims, his relief almost palpable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out why these two freeways look so different I talked with Lennie Roberts, who’s spent the past 50 years working to protect the Bay Area’s open spaces with an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenfoothills.org/\">Committee for Green Foothills\u003c/a>. She tells me that 280’s beauty is the result of hard-won protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“280 was designated as a scenic highway by the state of California, after a lot of work to get it included,” she says. “And billboards are not allowed on state scenic highways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Legislature passed the \u003ca href=\"https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-landscape-architecture-and-community-livability/lap-liv-i-scenic-highways\">Scenic Highway Program\u003c/a> into law in 1963. The state and counties work together to prevent development of anything that could make these routes look … well, less \u003cem>scenic.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts is often amused by the reaction of visitors to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll fly to San Francisco airport, come up to 280, and they wonder, ‘This is a miracle, why is all this land still so beautiful?’ ” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Stretch of Bliss … For Now\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About 1,300 miles of scenic highway crisscross the state. Each stretch is marked by a colorful sign featuring a bright orange California poppy, with a snow-capped mountain in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the scenic status of these roads isn’t guaranteed forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, the county of San Mateo put out a memo that hinted at studying locations for a few billboards along 280. That’s when Lennie jumped into action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I started asking questions,” she remembers, “and did not get a very satisfactory answer. Yes, they were going to consider 280.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts went to the press, which led to a flurry of news stories about the issue. People freaked out. The county says it was a misunderstanding, and that the memo was really referring to Highway 101, but the backlash was loud and clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually heard from people who would stop me at the grocery store and say, ‘I saw you on TV. How dare they think about putting billboards on 280!’ ” Roberts says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having a scenic highway designation is one of the few clear lines of defense highways have against billboards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember those electronic billboards that Shayer hates so much? Since 2010, the number of those permitted by the state has nearly tripled. And for the first time ever, in 2013, a stretch of I-10 near Palm Springs was officially removed from the scenic highway program to allow for the construction of … a digital billboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Lennie, the lesson from these events is clear. “We always need to stay vigilant and active to keep the protections we have, and hopefully gain more protections over time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I go back to Shayer to share everything I’ve learned, and ask him if he’d be on the lookout for those signs with the poppies on them. Excitedly, he replies, “Now I can’t ignore it! Now every time I see it I’ll know what it means.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If there’s one thing listener David Shayer hates, it’s billboards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish there was a billboard liberation front that went out in the middle of the night and cut down all the billboards,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s noticed a discrepancy between two major highways on the San Francisco Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highway 101 is dense, industrial and chock full of billboards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst are the electronic billboards that are bright at night, and the display keeps changing,” Shayer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highway 280 is only a few miles west, but it feels a world away. Rolling green hills line the highway, and there’s not a billboard (or a building) in sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all beautiful and green,” Shayer exclaims, his relief almost palpable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out why these two freeways look so different I talked with Lennie Roberts, who’s spent the past 50 years working to protect the Bay Area’s open spaces with an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenfoothills.org/\">Committee for Green Foothills\u003c/a>. She tells me that 280’s beauty is the result of hard-won protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“280 was designated as a scenic highway by the state of California, after a lot of work to get it included,” she says. “And billboards are not allowed on state scenic highways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Legislature passed the \u003ca href=\"https://dot.ca.gov/programs/design/lap-landscape-architecture-and-community-livability/lap-liv-i-scenic-highways\">Scenic Highway Program\u003c/a> into law in 1963. The state and counties work together to prevent development of anything that could make these routes look … well, less \u003cem>scenic.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts is often amused by the reaction of visitors to the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll fly to San Francisco airport, come up to 280, and they wonder, ‘This is a miracle, why is all this land still so beautiful?’ ” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Stretch of Bliss … For Now\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About 1,300 miles of scenic highway crisscross the state. Each stretch is marked by a colorful sign featuring a bright orange California poppy, with a snow-capped mountain in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the scenic status of these roads isn’t guaranteed forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, the county of San Mateo put out a memo that hinted at studying locations for a few billboards along 280. That’s when Lennie jumped into action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I started asking questions,” she remembers, “and did not get a very satisfactory answer. Yes, they were going to consider 280.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts went to the press, which led to a flurry of news stories about the issue. People freaked out. The county says it was a misunderstanding, and that the memo was really referring to Highway 101, but the backlash was loud and clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually heard from people who would stop me at the grocery store and say, ‘I saw you on TV. How dare they think about putting billboards on 280!’ ” Roberts says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having a scenic highway designation is one of the few clear lines of defense highways have against billboards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember those electronic billboards that Shayer hates so much? Since 2010, the number of those permitted by the state has nearly tripled. And for the first time ever, in 2013, a stretch of I-10 near Palm Springs was officially removed from the scenic highway program to allow for the construction of … a digital billboard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Lennie, the lesson from these events is clear. “We always need to stay vigilant and active to keep the protections we have, and hopefully gain more protections over time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I go back to Shayer to share everything I’ve learned, and ask him if he’d be on the lookout for those signs with the poppies on them. Excitedly, he replies, “Now I can’t ignore it! Now every time I see it I’ll know what it means.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "In a Changing City, How Does the Tenderloin Stay the Same?",
"headTitle": "In a Changing City, How Does the Tenderloin Stay the Same? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story first ran in 2018 and was republished February 2020. We’ve included an update at the bottom.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Tenderloin neighborhood is bordered by some of the wealthiest neighborhoods in the city, yet, it has a bad reputation. Tourists are told to avoid the area. You can often see drug dealing out in the open and garbage on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up we always knew the Tenderloin’s kind of a more seedy place,” said this week’s question asker, Vy Nguyen, who we first spoke with in 2018. She’s lived in the Bay Area since she was a kid, but three years ago she moved to an apartment on the edge of the Tenderloin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, she’s gotten to know her new neighborhood. She loves the Vietnamese food, and she volunteers, serving the poor and homeless at St. Anthony’s. But she’s noticed one big thing: While the rest of San Francisco is getting fancier and more expensive, that isn’t really the case in the Tenderloin. There are a few new hip coffee shops and young people moving into the area, she said, but for the most part it hasn’t developed like the rest of the city. Nguyen wants to know why.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Why is the Tenderloin so resistant to gentrification when the rest of San Francisco isn’t?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665590\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2014px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665590 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2014\" height=\"1054\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM.png 2014w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-160x84.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-800x419.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-1020x534.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-1200x628.png 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-1920x1005.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-1180x618.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-960x502.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-240x126.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-375x196.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-520x272.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2014px) 100vw, 2014px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Tenderloin borders as defined by Coates.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To answer the question, Nguyen and I took a tour of the Tenderloin with Pam Coates — a long-time resident who now leads \u003ca href=\"http://www.tlwalkingtours.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tenderloin Walking Tours\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the borders of the Tenderloin are generally agreed upon, not everyone defines the neighborhood the same way. “It’s nebulous,” Coates said. “I mean the Hilton up there is in the Tenderloin, but it calls itself the Union Square Hilton.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand the Tenderloin now, we first have to understand what it was like before.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How the Tenderloin of the past became the Tenderloin of today\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When prospectors and immigrants came to San Francisco in the 1800s, they started to develop the Tenderloin and nearby Chinatown, because they were flat. “The rich guys went up the hill, like they do, you know,” Coates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood quickly became known as an entertainment district — of both the legal and illegal kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Gold Rush, the Tenderloin was the spot to spend your money on a night out: at brothels, theaters, restaurants and hotels. After the earthquake in 1906, many of the modern hotels were rebuilt closer to Union Square, but for decades visitors still flocked to the Tenderloin’s speakeasies, jazz clubs, billiard halls and especially the gambling parlors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665957\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/sfplsanfranciscohistoricalphotographcollection/8000928739/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665957 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"841\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-160x131.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-800x657.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-1020x838.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-960x788.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-240x197.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-375x308.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-520x427.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Black Hawk on the corner of Turk and Hyde, the day after a raid for violation of liquor law in 1961. Front entrance has sign posted “Young Adults Under 21 Please Use 216 Hyde Entrance.” (SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY) \u003ccite>(SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The Tenderloin from 1907 into the ’50s, was one of the most prosperous San Francisco neighborhoods,” said Randy Shaw, who has worked in the neighborhood since founding the \u003ca href=\"https://www.thclinic.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tenderloin Housing Clinic\u003c/a> in 1980. He also wrote \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Tenderloin.html?id=r5bTrQEACAAJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“The Tenderloin: Sex, Crime, and Resistance in the Heart of San Francisco.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People came to the movie theaters in mid-Market, and then they ate dinner or went to the bars in the Tenderloin,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, in the middle of the 20th century, the movie industry collapsed in San Francisco, gutting the mid-Market area. Famous recording studios closed. And in the late 1950s, the city started cracking down on the Tenderloin’s \u003cem>quasi-legal\u003c/em> businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“City Hall intentionally wrecked the Tenderloin. They eliminated our gambling operation, which they had to do. They changed our street configuration. They took away our cable cars,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without foot traffic or businesses, crime and drug dealing filled the void, and the Tenderloin became a pass-through neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything was geared to ‘how do we get people to Union Square, and we don’t care what happens between Union Square and the Civic Center,’ ” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NE6PpolDjvQ\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A New Beginning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But many of the residents found a community in this ignored neighborhood. In the 1960s and ’70s, the Tenderloin was a haven for gay and lesbian San Franciscans. They supported each other and started to speak out to gain political recognition. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-WASW9dRBU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The riot at Compton’s Cafeteria in 1966\u003c/a> started when a police officer attempted to arrest a drag queen — predating the Stonewall riots in Manhattan in 1969.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people who couldn’t find a home elsewhere found affordable housing in the Tenderloin’s old hotels that had long ago been repurposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People started renting them out to low-income people, or people who needed a week’s rent, so they became sort of low-income housing,” Coates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nine years, Coates lived in an SRO — a single-room occupancy residential hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a room, usually with a shared bathroom, and little washbasin in it, and that’s it. No cooking facilities. You have to sort of make your own,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, these SROs define the neighborhood. They might not be the nicest places and can sometimes have \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/files/opp/SFDPH-SROHIA-FinalDraftv3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health and safety risks\u003c/a>, but they often offer a second chance for recovering addicts, domestic abuse survivors and people getting off the streets — people like Coates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was on the street for 10 months. I’m a domestic violence survivor, but I had a good worker at the general assistance office, and I was a good worker. I got into the Tenderloin SRO, the Tenderloin Housing Clinic,” she said. “So that’s how I found peace. This neighborhood offers that. It’s new beginnings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That “new beginning” was what residents found themselves wanting to save — even if it had its problems. Tenderloin residents saw how redevelopment changed the Western Addition and Yerba Buena neighborhoods in the 1960s and ’70s and worried they would be next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1980s, they started to organize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Tenderloin is really a model for how communities across the country can stop gentrification,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665534\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 5760px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665534 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"5760\" height=\"3840\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO.jpg 5760w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5760px) 100vw, 5760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A resident in his SRO at the Boyd Hotel. (Samantha Shanahan/KQED) \u003ccite>(Samantha Shanahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 22px;font-weight: bold\">What We Talk About When We Talk About Gentrification\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do we mean by “gentrification?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the word means a lot of things to a lot of people, for our purposes here, we’re focusing on the cost of housing and the residents’ ability to stay in their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in terms of housing, the Tenderloin is \u003cem>relatively\u003c/em> affordable. \u003ca href=\"https://www.zumper.com/blog/2017/12/san-francisco-neighborhood-prices-mapped-this-winter-2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">According to the rental website Zumper\u003c/a>, the median one-bedroom in the Tenderloin cost $2,345 to rent this past winter. The median price for the city overall was significantly more: $3,390.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rent-controlled SRO can cost as little as $200 to 300 per month. (Though that would be a \u003cem>find\u003c/em>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One-bedroom apartments, studios and SROs make up a large portion of the housing stock in the neighborhood. According to Shaw, there simply aren’t many single-family homes and fancier townhouses that would attract “the gentry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665533\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665533 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1545\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-160x241.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-800x1207.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-1020x1539.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-795x1200.jpg 795w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-960x1448.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-240x362.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-375x566.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-520x785.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Jefferson Hotel at 440 Eddy St., is a residential hotel managed by nonprofit Tenderloin Housing Clinic. The hotel has 108 units of affordable permanent housing for single occupants. (Samantha Shanahan/KQED) \u003ccite>(Samantha Shanahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Policies That Got Us Here\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are actually specific policy reasons the Tenderloin has remained relatively affordable and hasn’t gentrified to the same degree as the rest of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nonprofit land acquisition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was an aggressive nonprofit acquisition of land when land was still cheap,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, nonprofits have held onto much of that property, and many of them run affordable housing programs — preserving that land at below-market rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zoning policies to prevent high-rise building\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back when the Tenderloin residents organized in the early 1980s, one of the things they focused on was preventing luxury condos from coming in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 1985, we rezoned the neighborhood to prevent any building over 13 stories, so someone could not pick up a piece of land and build a 35-story luxury condominium in the Tenderloin because the zoning prohibits it,” Shaw said. Non-residential uses above the second floor are also specifically regulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These limits make it unappealing for developers who have to weigh the costs of building with the potential for profit. While higher density could also lead to more affordable housing, residents considered the risk of luxury development to be more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Protections for those SROs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city also made it very hard to get rid of SROs and their tenants. The Tenderloin and nearby Chinatown have the most SROs of all the neighborhoods in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we now have all of this housing stock, which again is protected for low income,” Shaw said. “The gentry don’t want to move into a room without a kitchen or private bath, so SROs are pretty immune to gentrification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Historic protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the neighborhood is a historic district, and many of the buildings are protected. Many also predate the passage of the city’s rent-control ordinance, which comes with a number of its own protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their goal was to protect the neighborhood from the speculative real estate market,” said Jeff Buckley, the mayor’s senior adviser on housing policy. All of those policies add up and have made 25 to 29 percent of the housing units in the Tenderloin permanently affordable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665536\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1545px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665536 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1545\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark.jpg 1545w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-1200x795.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1545px) 100vw, 1545px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A kid plays at the renovated Boeddeker Park. (Samantha Shanahan/KQED) \u003ccite>(Samantha Shanahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 22px;font-weight: bold\">Did It Work?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, there haven’t been as many people forced out of their homes compared to other parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have seen, whether it’s the Ellis Act or the owner move-in or the no-fault evictions that have occurred at fairly high rates throughout San Francisco in the last 20 years, they have not happened in Tenderloin,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Tenderloin has some long-standing problems. Last year, the Tenderloin had more violent crime than almost any other neighborhood in San Francisco — though it \u003cem>is\u003c/em> dropping. And drug dealing is still common, especially on certain street corners. We certainly saw some while out in the neighborhood. In fact, when I was walking to meet Shaw, someone tried to sell me morphine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the residents are understandably unhappy about these issues and have been working to fix up their neighborhood, with a community benefit district and community programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing the business owners in the neighborhood wanted was clean streets, so they established a program called Clean City,” Coates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coates’ historical walking tours are also part of the effort to show people what they’re missing in the Tenderloin. She’s seen signs of change: new murals, parks, clubs and bars — where, if you’re lucky, you might see her sing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me that’s great, because I perform at PianoFight. I perform at the museum and the jazz club and various other places around here,” she said. And she argues that once people come in, they come back again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665541\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/20171217_122920-e1525151195732.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665541 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/20171217_122920-e1525151195732.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nguyen admires one of the new murals in the neighborhood. (Kelly O’Mara/KQED) \u003ccite>(Kelly O'Mara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city is working on improvement projects, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve attracted over 40 new businesses to the neighborhood, 15 arts organizations, 10 existing arts organizations being stabilized,” said Joaquin Torres, deputy director at the city’s Office of Economic and Workforce Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s installing a bunch of new street lights, and Boeddeker Park, the neighborhood’s main park, was remodeled. There’s a new history museum and after-school programs. Three major housing projects are coming in on Market Street in the next few years. Fancier restaurants are opening too, like the Black Cat Jazz Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, that all starts to sound like gentrification. Can the neighborhood get nicer parks, new businesses and more housing, without pricing out existing residents?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely. I mean that’s the vision that we’re implementing right now. It’s an opportunity to have a truly mixed and diverse neighborhood,” Torres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaw hears people say it’s not possible to get rid of crime and keep the neighborhood affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve had people say to me, ‘Well, the drug dealing keeps gentrification away.’ That should be the price of it,” he said. But Shaw disagrees. He doesn’t think the 31,000 residents who live there should have to pay that price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 22px;font-weight: bold\">February 2020 Update\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since this story first ran in 2018, several of the projects that were mentioned faced setbacks or delays, leaving buildings unoccupied for longer than expected. Shaw thinks having these vacant buildings lead to more crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say that if you interviewed random people in the Tenderloin, 99 percent would say the Tenderloin got worse in 2019,” says Shaw. “I think there’s pretty much a consensus. 2019 was the roughest year the Tenderloin has experienced for some time now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However some of those projects are expected to open this year. The City Department of Homelessness started moving into a formerly vacant building last month. Hastings Law Schools opens a spot in the TL this spring. A few non-profits and restaurants are now opening. And a housing project is set to open on Market Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some residents fear new beginnings in the Tenderloin could ultimately displace long-time residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we end this Bay Curious answer with another question: Can the TL get nicer parks, new developments and safer streets without forcing out current residents? Time will tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story first ran in 2018.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story first ran in 2018 and was republished February 2020. We’ve included an update at the bottom.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Tenderloin neighborhood is bordered by some of the wealthiest neighborhoods in the city, yet, it has a bad reputation. Tourists are told to avoid the area. You can often see drug dealing out in the open and garbage on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growing up we always knew the Tenderloin’s kind of a more seedy place,” said this week’s question asker, Vy Nguyen, who we first spoke with in 2018. She’s lived in the Bay Area since she was a kid, but three years ago she moved to an apartment on the edge of the Tenderloin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, she’s gotten to know her new neighborhood. She loves the Vietnamese food, and she volunteers, serving the poor and homeless at St. Anthony’s. But she’s noticed one big thing: While the rest of San Francisco is getting fancier and more expensive, that isn’t really the case in the Tenderloin. There are a few new hip coffee shops and young people moving into the area, she said, but for the most part it hasn’t developed like the rest of the city. Nguyen wants to know why.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Why is the Tenderloin so resistant to gentrification when the rest of San Francisco isn’t?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665590\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2014px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM.png\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665590 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2014\" height=\"1054\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM.png 2014w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-160x84.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-800x419.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-1020x534.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-1200x628.png 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-1920x1005.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-1180x618.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-960x502.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-240x126.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-375x196.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Screen-Shot-2018-04-30-at-3.28.30-PM-520x272.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2014px) 100vw, 2014px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Tenderloin borders as defined by Coates.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To answer the question, Nguyen and I took a tour of the Tenderloin with Pam Coates — a long-time resident who now leads \u003ca href=\"http://www.tlwalkingtours.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tenderloin Walking Tours\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the borders of the Tenderloin are generally agreed upon, not everyone defines the neighborhood the same way. “It’s nebulous,” Coates said. “I mean the Hilton up there is in the Tenderloin, but it calls itself the Union Square Hilton.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand the Tenderloin now, we first have to understand what it was like before.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How the Tenderloin of the past became the Tenderloin of today\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When prospectors and immigrants came to San Francisco in the 1800s, they started to develop the Tenderloin and nearby Chinatown, because they were flat. “The rich guys went up the hill, like they do, you know,” Coates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood quickly became known as an entertainment district — of both the legal and illegal kind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Gold Rush, the Tenderloin was the spot to spend your money on a night out: at brothels, theaters, restaurants and hotels. After the earthquake in 1906, many of the modern hotels were rebuilt closer to Union Square, but for decades visitors still flocked to the Tenderloin’s speakeasies, jazz clubs, billiard halls and especially the gambling parlors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665957\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/sfplsanfranciscohistoricalphotographcollection/8000928739/\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665957 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"841\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-160x131.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-800x657.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-1020x838.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-960x788.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-240x197.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-375x308.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/8000928739_c9955a67ab_b-520x427.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Black Hawk on the corner of Turk and Hyde, the day after a raid for violation of liquor law in 1961. Front entrance has sign posted “Young Adults Under 21 Please Use 216 Hyde Entrance.” (SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY) \u003ccite>(SAN FRANCISCO HISTORY CENTER, SAN FRANCISCO PUBLIC LIBRARY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The Tenderloin from 1907 into the ’50s, was one of the most prosperous San Francisco neighborhoods,” said Randy Shaw, who has worked in the neighborhood since founding the \u003ca href=\"https://www.thclinic.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tenderloin Housing Clinic\u003c/a> in 1980. He also wrote \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Tenderloin.html?id=r5bTrQEACAAJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“The Tenderloin: Sex, Crime, and Resistance in the Heart of San Francisco.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People came to the movie theaters in mid-Market, and then they ate dinner or went to the bars in the Tenderloin,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, in the middle of the 20th century, the movie industry collapsed in San Francisco, gutting the mid-Market area. Famous recording studios closed. And in the late 1950s, the city started cracking down on the Tenderloin’s \u003cem>quasi-legal\u003c/em> businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“City Hall intentionally wrecked the Tenderloin. They eliminated our gambling operation, which they had to do. They changed our street configuration. They took away our cable cars,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without foot traffic or businesses, crime and drug dealing filled the void, and the Tenderloin became a pass-through neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything was geared to ‘how do we get people to Union Square, and we don’t care what happens between Union Square and the Civic Center,’ ” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/NE6PpolDjvQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/NE6PpolDjvQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>A New Beginning\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But many of the residents found a community in this ignored neighborhood. In the 1960s and ’70s, the Tenderloin was a haven for gay and lesbian San Franciscans. They supported each other and started to speak out to gain political recognition. \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G-WASW9dRBU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The riot at Compton’s Cafeteria in 1966\u003c/a> started when a police officer attempted to arrest a drag queen — predating the Stonewall riots in Manhattan in 1969.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people who couldn’t find a home elsewhere found affordable housing in the Tenderloin’s old hotels that had long ago been repurposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People started renting them out to low-income people, or people who needed a week’s rent, so they became sort of low-income housing,” Coates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nine years, Coates lived in an SRO — a single-room occupancy residential hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a room, usually with a shared bathroom, and little washbasin in it, and that’s it. No cooking facilities. You have to sort of make your own,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, these SROs define the neighborhood. They might not be the nicest places and can sometimes have \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/files/opp/SFDPH-SROHIA-FinalDraftv3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health and safety risks\u003c/a>, but they often offer a second chance for recovering addicts, domestic abuse survivors and people getting off the streets — people like Coates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was on the street for 10 months. I’m a domestic violence survivor, but I had a good worker at the general assistance office, and I was a good worker. I got into the Tenderloin SRO, the Tenderloin Housing Clinic,” she said. “So that’s how I found peace. This neighborhood offers that. It’s new beginnings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That “new beginning” was what residents found themselves wanting to save — even if it had its problems. Tenderloin residents saw how redevelopment changed the Western Addition and Yerba Buena neighborhoods in the 1960s and ’70s and worried they would be next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1980s, they started to organize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Tenderloin is really a model for how communities across the country can stop gentrification,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665534\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 5760px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665534 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"5760\" height=\"3840\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO.jpg 5760w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30610_jeff-in-SRO-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5760px) 100vw, 5760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A resident in his SRO at the Boyd Hotel. (Samantha Shanahan/KQED) \u003ccite>(Samantha Shanahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 22px;font-weight: bold\">What We Talk About When We Talk About Gentrification\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do we mean by “gentrification?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the word means a lot of things to a lot of people, for our purposes here, we’re focusing on the cost of housing and the residents’ ability to stay in their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in terms of housing, the Tenderloin is \u003cem>relatively\u003c/em> affordable. \u003ca href=\"https://www.zumper.com/blog/2017/12/san-francisco-neighborhood-prices-mapped-this-winter-2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">According to the rental website Zumper\u003c/a>, the median one-bedroom in the Tenderloin cost $2,345 to rent this past winter. The median price for the city overall was significantly more: $3,390.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rent-controlled SRO can cost as little as $200 to 300 per month. (Though that would be a \u003cem>find\u003c/em>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One-bedroom apartments, studios and SROs make up a large portion of the housing stock in the neighborhood. According to Shaw, there simply aren’t many single-family homes and fancier townhouses that would attract “the gentry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665533\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665533 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1545\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-160x241.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-800x1207.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-1020x1539.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-795x1200.jpg 795w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-960x1448.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-240x362.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-375x566.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30608_JeffersonHotel-520x785.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Jefferson Hotel at 440 Eddy St., is a residential hotel managed by nonprofit Tenderloin Housing Clinic. The hotel has 108 units of affordable permanent housing for single occupants. (Samantha Shanahan/KQED) \u003ccite>(Samantha Shanahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Policies That Got Us Here\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are actually specific policy reasons the Tenderloin has remained relatively affordable and hasn’t gentrified to the same degree as the rest of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nonprofit land acquisition\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was an aggressive nonprofit acquisition of land when land was still cheap,” Shaw said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, nonprofits have held onto much of that property, and many of them run affordable housing programs — preserving that land at below-market rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zoning policies to prevent high-rise building\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back when the Tenderloin residents organized in the early 1980s, one of the things they focused on was preventing luxury condos from coming in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 1985, we rezoned the neighborhood to prevent any building over 13 stories, so someone could not pick up a piece of land and build a 35-story luxury condominium in the Tenderloin because the zoning prohibits it,” Shaw said. Non-residential uses above the second floor are also specifically regulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These limits make it unappealing for developers who have to weigh the costs of building with the potential for profit. While higher density could also lead to more affordable housing, residents considered the risk of luxury development to be more likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Protections for those SROs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city also made it very hard to get rid of SROs and their tenants. The Tenderloin and nearby Chinatown have the most SROs of all the neighborhoods in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we now have all of this housing stock, which again is protected for low income,” Shaw said. “The gentry don’t want to move into a room without a kitchen or private bath, so SROs are pretty immune to gentrification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Historic protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the neighborhood is a historic district, and many of the buildings are protected. Many also predate the passage of the city’s rent-control ordinance, which comes with a number of its own protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their goal was to protect the neighborhood from the speculative real estate market,” said Jeff Buckley, the mayor’s senior adviser on housing policy. All of those policies add up and have made 25 to 29 percent of the housing units in the Tenderloin permanently affordable, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665536\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1545px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665536 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1545\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark.jpg 1545w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-800x530.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-1200x795.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-960x636.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30603_BoedekkerPark-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1545px) 100vw, 1545px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A kid plays at the renovated Boeddeker Park. (Samantha Shanahan/KQED) \u003ccite>(Samantha Shanahan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 22px;font-weight: bold\">Did It Work?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, there haven’t been as many people forced out of their homes compared to other parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have seen, whether it’s the Ellis Act or the owner move-in or the no-fault evictions that have occurred at fairly high rates throughout San Francisco in the last 20 years, they have not happened in Tenderloin,” Buckley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Tenderloin has some long-standing problems. Last year, the Tenderloin had more violent crime than almost any other neighborhood in San Francisco — though it \u003cem>is\u003c/em> dropping. And drug dealing is still common, especially on certain street corners. We certainly saw some while out in the neighborhood. In fact, when I was walking to meet Shaw, someone tried to sell me morphine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the residents are understandably unhappy about these issues and have been working to fix up their neighborhood, with a community benefit district and community programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing the business owners in the neighborhood wanted was clean streets, so they established a program called Clean City,” Coates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coates’ historical walking tours are also part of the effort to show people what they’re missing in the Tenderloin. She’s seen signs of change: new murals, parks, clubs and bars — where, if you’re lucky, you might see her sing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me that’s great, because I perform at PianoFight. I perform at the museum and the jazz club and various other places around here,” she said. And she argues that once people come in, they come back again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11665541\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/20171217_122920-e1525151195732.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11665541 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/20171217_122920-e1525151195732.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nguyen admires one of the new murals in the neighborhood. (Kelly O’Mara/KQED) \u003ccite>(Kelly O'Mara/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city is working on improvement projects, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve attracted over 40 new businesses to the neighborhood, 15 arts organizations, 10 existing arts organizations being stabilized,” said Joaquin Torres, deputy director at the city’s Office of Economic and Workforce Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s installing a bunch of new street lights, and Boeddeker Park, the neighborhood’s main park, was remodeled. There’s a new history museum and after-school programs. Three major housing projects are coming in on Market Street in the next few years. Fancier restaurants are opening too, like the Black Cat Jazz Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, that all starts to sound like gentrification. Can the neighborhood get nicer parks, new businesses and more housing, without pricing out existing residents?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely. I mean that’s the vision that we’re implementing right now. It’s an opportunity to have a truly mixed and diverse neighborhood,” Torres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaw hears people say it’s not possible to get rid of crime and keep the neighborhood affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve had people say to me, ‘Well, the drug dealing keeps gentrification away.’ That should be the price of it,” he said. But Shaw disagrees. He doesn’t think the 31,000 residents who live there should have to pay that price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 22px;font-weight: bold\">February 2020 Update\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since this story first ran in 2018, several of the projects that were mentioned faced setbacks or delays, leaving buildings unoccupied for longer than expected. Shaw thinks having these vacant buildings lead to more crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say that if you interviewed random people in the Tenderloin, 99 percent would say the Tenderloin got worse in 2019,” says Shaw. “I think there’s pretty much a consensus. 2019 was the roughest year the Tenderloin has experienced for some time now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However some of those projects are expected to open this year. The City Department of Homelessness started moving into a formerly vacant building last month. Hastings Law Schools opens a spot in the TL this spring. A few non-profits and restaurants are now opening. And a housing project is set to open on Market Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some residents fear new beginnings in the Tenderloin could ultimately displace long-time residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we end this Bay Curious answer with another question: Can the TL get nicer parks, new developments and safer streets without forcing out current residents? Time will tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story first ran in 2018.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"soldout": {
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