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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>To help us track political ads targeted to you on Facebook, click \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/facebook-ads/#which-ads\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you’re interested in talking about the ads you’re seeing on Facebook, email me at: tmosley@kqed.org\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you scrolled through Facebook at any time during the 2016 election cycle, you were likely inundated with political ads. A significant number of those ads were purchased by foreign actors, with the intent of sowing discord and influencing the election. Last fall, we \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11626859/how-russian-trolls-used-silicon-valleys-influence-to-create-divisions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported on several examples,\u003c/a> including how social media was used to spark racial animus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The midterm elections are just a few short months away, and we can expect to see yet again a slew of political ads about California races on TV, radio and online. Facebook ads, however, offer a layer of sophistication beyond those you see on other platforms. Facebook advertisements are micro-targeted, meaning only you can see them, and that makes it hard to fact-check them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/05/q-and-a-on-ads-transparency/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook made political advertisers verify\u003c/a> who they are and who’s paying for their ads. But it’s still hard to know what’s out there, because these ads are specifically targeted to certain demographics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With your help, we want to get closer to the truth, and uncover what ads you’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is pleased to announce a new collaboration with \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ProPublica\u003c/a>, recipient of the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for public service. Using a simple browser extension created by ProPublica, KQED will be able to observe and analyze tens of thousands of political ads. This project will help us report on deceptive ads that flood your feeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how it works:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool copies ads you see while scrolling through your Facebook feed. It is a browser-based plug-in that does not actually collect any data from Facebook itself. The data instead are pulled from the HTML of the ads that people pay to push into your feed directly from your browser. The plug-in does not collect any personal information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/political-ad-collector/#how-it-works\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ProPublica’s Political Ad Collector\u003c/a> relies entirely on users like you to gather ads for its database. You can do this by downloading ProPublica’s browser add-on (for Firefox or Chrome) to contribute to this database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica’s Political Ad Collector is open source and can be audited by anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get started, click \u003ca href=\"https://projects.propublica.org/facebook-ads/#which-ads\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re interested in talking about the ads you’re seeing on Facebook, email me at: tmosley@kqed.org\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hi! How can I help you?” I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m Google’s automated booking service,” the robot said, “So I’ll record the call. Um, can I book a table for Saturday?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tried a few tricks to trip her up. At one point I talked over her and asked if she could repeat what she said. There was a pause, and then the robot replied, “Um, I’d like to make a reservation for four people please.” The robot was friendly, direct and human-sounding, even though she’s not.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/-qCanuYrR0g'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/-qCanuYrR0g'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>What’s with the “um”? Huffman says when his team initially tested the reservation system out with a robotic-sounding voice, it didn’t work. “Restaurants were more likely to hang up on it,” says Huffman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A human-sounding voice, he says, with all of the “ums” and “ahs” actually gives a signal to the reservation taker that the call is not a scam or fake. Huffman says it makes the task of booking a reservation easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics like San Jose State professor Ahmed Banafa worry that not everyone will pick up that they’re talking to a robot, even if the assistant announces that is indeed automated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not everybody is as tech savvy about it, even if you say, ‘I’m a robot,’ ” says Banafa. “How many people will that click with?” Banafa also wonders about the potential for hacking the system — someone with nefarious intent, for example, taking over the technology. “If I can hack into their system, then I can just get rid of that first sentence about identifying itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman says there are a lot of important questions his team is tackling before the system is available to the general public. “We want to have the right conversations happening about how the technology works, so that people can feel comfortable before we go more broadly with this kind of technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few months, Duplex will be tested by a select group of users and restaurants. Google will introduce three types of tasks: making restaurant reservations, hair salon appointments and inquiries about holiday hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman says it’s not built to do much more than that, and if the assistant is asked questions beyond the task given, it will default to a human service person, who will be standing by to take over the call.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660905/backers-of-california-privacy-ballot-measure-hand-deliver-letter-to-facebook\">high-profile ballot measure\u003c/a> that would impose stringent privacy laws on companies like Facebook and Google may not be put before voters, after backers and lawmakers\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB375\"> reached a deal\u003c/a> late last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the agreement, lawmakers have until Thursday to pass legislation similar to the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/17-0039%20%28Consumer%20Privacy%20V2%29.pdf\">ballot measure\u003c/a> and get Gov. Jerry Brown to sign it. The proposed law, like the ballot measure, would let consumers ask California companies what personal information they collect and tell those companies not to share it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would also prohibit companies from discriminating against consumers who opt out of sharing their privacy by charging them higher prices, \"except if the difference is reasonably related to value provided ... by the consumer's data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big difference between the proposed legislation and the ballot measure? The law would be much easier to change. Backers wrote the proposed ballot initiative so that future changes to it would have to be passed by 70 percent of lawmakers, a very high bar for any law. The legislation, though, could be amended by a simple majority vote of lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alastair Mactaggart, a Bay Area developer who wrote the ballot measure and has put $1.5 million of his own money behind it, said in a written statement that he's pleased with the legislation but remains ready to keep the initiative on the ballot if the bill is not signed into law by Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday is the deadline for ballot measures to qualify for or be pulled from the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This legislation, like the initiative, would provide simple, powerful rights to Californians: tell me what you know about me. Stop selling it. Keep it safe,\" Mactaggart said, adding that the initiative came out of a conversation with a close friend who has also been instrumental in pushing the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1401518&view=received\">Opponents of the ballot measure\u003c/a> — including Google, Comcast and AT&T — haven't yet weighed in on the legislation. But in the past they've argued that privacy laws should be addressed by Congress, not on a state-by-state basis, because online companies serve the entire world, not just California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents also objected to legislating the issue at the ballot box, a problem the legislation does away with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers of the ballot measure\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660905/backers-of-california-privacy-ballot-measure-hand-deliver-letter-to-facebook\"> got a lot of attention when they rolled it out\u003c/a> in the wake of revelations that a data mining firm that worked with President Trump's 2016 presidential campaign acquired data from 87 million Facebook users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The political pressure led Facebook — which had contributed $200,00 to a political committee fighting the measure — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11661467/facebook-says-it-wont-put-more-money-into-fighting-california-privacy-measure\">to step away from the opposition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A privacy ballot measure may not need to go before voters after lawmakers and backers reached a deal to tackle the issue at the Capitol. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660905/backers-of-california-privacy-ballot-measure-hand-deliver-letter-to-facebook\">high-profile ballot measure\u003c/a> that would impose stringent privacy laws on companies like Facebook and Google may not be put before voters, after backers and lawmakers\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB375\"> reached a deal\u003c/a> late last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the agreement, lawmakers have until Thursday to pass legislation similar to the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/17-0039%20%28Consumer%20Privacy%20V2%29.pdf\">ballot measure\u003c/a> and get Gov. Jerry Brown to sign it. The proposed law, like the ballot measure, would let consumers ask California companies what personal information they collect and tell those companies not to share it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would also prohibit companies from discriminating against consumers who opt out of sharing their privacy by charging them higher prices, \"except if the difference is reasonably related to value provided ... by the consumer's data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big difference between the proposed legislation and the ballot measure? The law would be much easier to change. Backers wrote the proposed ballot initiative so that future changes to it would have to be passed by 70 percent of lawmakers, a very high bar for any law. The legislation, though, could be amended by a simple majority vote of lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alastair Mactaggart, a Bay Area developer who wrote the ballot measure and has put $1.5 million of his own money behind it, said in a written statement that he's pleased with the legislation but remains ready to keep the initiative on the ballot if the bill is not signed into law by Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday is the deadline for ballot measures to qualify for or be pulled from the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This legislation, like the initiative, would provide simple, powerful rights to Californians: tell me what you know about me. Stop selling it. Keep it safe,\" Mactaggart said, adding that the initiative came out of a conversation with a close friend who has also been instrumental in pushing the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1401518&view=received\">Opponents of the ballot measure\u003c/a> — including Google, Comcast and AT&T — haven't yet weighed in on the legislation. But in the past they've argued that privacy laws should be addressed by Congress, not on a state-by-state basis, because online companies serve the entire world, not just California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents also objected to legislating the issue at the ballot box, a problem the legislation does away with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers of the ballot measure\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660905/backers-of-california-privacy-ballot-measure-hand-deliver-letter-to-facebook\"> got a lot of attention when they rolled it out\u003c/a> in the wake of revelations that a data mining firm that worked with President Trump's 2016 presidential campaign acquired data from 87 million Facebook users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The political pressure led Facebook — which had contributed $200,00 to a political committee fighting the measure — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11661467/facebook-says-it-wont-put-more-money-into-fighting-california-privacy-measure\">to step away from the opposition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "to-survive-as-a-fruit-farmer-in-silicon-valley-you-need-to-grow-tastier-fruit",
"title": "To Survive as a Fruit Farmer in Silicon Valley, You Need to Grow Tastier Fruit",
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"headTitle": "To Survive as a Fruit Farmer in Silicon Valley, You Need to Grow Tastier Fruit | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Are you sure you’re eating the most delicious peaches you could be eating? I thought I was — until Andy Mariani of \u003ca href=\"https://andysorchard.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andy’s Orchard\u003c/a> in Morgan Hill put two peaches in my hand.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, I try the kind of peach I typically buy in the market: the size of a softball, with a rosy blush. Mariani tells me that blush hides the fact that peach was picked green. That’s so it’s easy to ship long distances, store for weeks on end, and display in big, attractive piles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s crunchy, and a little bit tart. It’s not bad at all, this June Time peach, but it’s a fruit I would bake in a pie rather than eat raw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Mariani hands me a little, yellow peach the size of a baseball. It’s an heirloom variety called “Gold Dust.” This peach is so juicy, I’m an immediate mess. And wow, is it delicious: sweet, but with a bright acidity that sets my taste buds alight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, just a handful of lush, green orchards like Mariani’s recall the era long gone when Silicon Valley was called the Valley of Heart’s Delight \u003ci>for its stone fruit\u003c/i>: apricots, cherries, plums, and peaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-800x527.jpg\" alt=\""Our store does fairly well for being out in middle of nowhere," says Andy Mariani of Andy's Orchard in Morgan Hill. People come from all over the Bay Area (and the US) to attend orchard tastings and stock up on heirloom fruit, especially in the summer months.\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1200x791.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1180x777.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-960x633.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-240x158.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-375x247.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Our store does fairly well for being out in middle of nowhere,” says Andy Mariani of Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill. People come from all over the Bay Area (and the US) to attend orchard tastings and stock up on heirloom fruit, especially in the summer months. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fruit farmers left survive by serving the people who run high end restaurants and specialty markets; the kind of people who treasure heirloom varieties like the Gold Dust — and thrill to new varieties that share the same qualities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tastiness, the juiciness, the old-fashioned kind of flavors. There’s never been a problem with demand for this kind of fruit, because it’s really, really tasty,” says Mariani, who’s a second generation farmer. His parents moved to Morgan Hill in the late 1950s from an orchard in Cupertino that sat across the street from what is now Apple’s headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back before this region was called Silicon Valley, it was most famous for \u003cem>dried\u003c/em> fruit. “There wasn’t a national system of highways. You couldn’t you couldn’t truck fresh fruit to the New York markets. We had no airplanes to speak of. You had to dry your fruit to make it a more durable product,” Mariani says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only locals knew how delicious the fresh fruit was.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>An open secret for locals\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara Valley has an advantage over other fruit-growing regions because of its geography, tucked away from the coast, but not too far from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Mariani of Andy's Orchard in Morgan Hill has recently begun growing white apricots, a common sight in Central Asia. Mariani says the flesh tastes almost of melon and the kernels are sweet and edible, not unlike an almond.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-800x562.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1200x843.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1180x828.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-960x674.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-375x263.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-520x365.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Mariani of Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill has recently begun growing white apricots, a common sight in Central Asia. Mariani says the flesh tastes almost of melon and the kernels are sweet and edible, not unlike an almond. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It has warmth, but it also has mildness, especially at night,” Mariani explains. “After a hot day, fruit trees need to rest. A lot of times in the Central Valley, it’ll go up to 100 degrees during the day and go down to about 85 at night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Santa Clara Valley, the day temperatures are cooler and the night temperatures are cooler, too. That means the fruit can stay on the tree longer, and the longer the fruit stays on the trees, the more sugar it develops. The flesh is firmer, and juicier. “Tree-ripened,” it turns out, is not just an advertising slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tasty though they are, though, these fruits are expensive. They bruise easily, and need to be sold and consumed right away. From an economic perspective, the Central Valley wins on every score, not just because the land is cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means most of the varieties you see in the markets will be ones that do well in the Central Valley’s heat. So the Blenheim apricot, a delicate creature that thrived for decades in the temperate Santa Clara Valley, has given way to the heartier, blander Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They taste like cardboard,” Mariani says. “But they’re durable, you know, and very productive. You get 20 tons to the acre whereas with the Blenheim, you get you get ten.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11676718 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"The Gold Dust looks diminutive next to the June Time, but it tastes so much better. \" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-800x568.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1200x853.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1180x838.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-960x682.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-240x171.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Gold Dust looks diminutive next to the June Time, but it tastes so much better. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mariani laments the way the Patterson’s mediocre taste has deflated the market for California apricots in general, but he’s not weeping for days gone by in general. The market dominance of heartier, blander fruit provides him with a market opening to deliver the Blenheims and other varieties that make foodies swoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Looking for a taste of home or childhood\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Many of the pilgrims who drive out to Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill come for varieties he picked up in Central Asia. Or France. Mariani won over LA-based food writer and “fruit detective” David Karp with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/01/dining/a-finicky-fruit-is-sweet-when-coddled.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">greengage plum\u003c/a> Karp deemed better than any he tasted in the region near Toulouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I met Andy when writing an article about apricots for Saveur 25 years ago,” Karp tells me. “I asked the Apricot Advisory Board who was a real apricot connoisseur, and they said, ‘That’s Andy Mariani.’” Over the years, Karp was so impressed, he became a business partner with Marianni, investing in the orchards and helping to stoke demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Karp, “The Santa Clara Valley … is to certain fruits what Napa Valley is to wine.” As for Mariani’s commitment to flavor, Karp adds, “He loves certain heirloom varieties because he grew up with them and expects fruit to taste like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every Wednesday, Andy’s Orchard sends a van to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/portals/farmersmarket/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Santa Monica Farmers Market\u003c/a>, mainly to fulfill pre-orders inspired by Karp’s glowing descriptions of what’s in season in Morgan Hill. Karp says three quarters of the fruit in the van is already sold upon arrival to Southern California chefs. Whatever’s left sells out by noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What doesn’t head to Santa Monica ends up at local Michelin-starred restaurants like \u003ca href=\"https://www.manresarestaurant.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Manresa\u003c/a> in Los Gatos and \u003ca href=\"http://www.maisonbaume.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Baumé\u003c/a> in Palo Alto, or local specialty stories like \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjolsoncherries.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CJ Olson’s\u003c/a> in Sunnyvale. \u003ca href=\"https://www.baldorfood.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Baldor\u003c/a> in New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.orchardfruit.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Orchard\u003c/a> in Brooklyn pay Mariani to fly fruit all the way to the East Coast.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> The quality of Mariani’s fruit is no secret.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676723\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-800x781.jpg\" alt=\"Hway-ling Hsu of Sweetdragon Baking Company in San Jose says Andy is "very fussy" about his fruit. "He doesn't pick it until it's right. The first time I tried to get fruit from Andy's, I called him up to see if he had any tart cherries. He said, 'Oh yeah, I'll call you when it's ready.' So he called me a couple of weeks later and he said, 'I got those cherries you wanted. Pick them up Friday,' and I said, 'Can I pick them up Thursday?' and he said, 'What? No. They need another day on the tree.'" \" width=\"800\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-800x781.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-160x156.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1020x996.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1200x1172.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1180x1152.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-960x938.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-240x234.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-375x366.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-520x508.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hway-ling Hsu of \u003ca href=\"https://sweetdragonbaking.com/pages/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sweetdragon Baking Company\u003c/a> in San Jose says Andy is “very fussy” about his fruit. “He doesn’t pick it until it’s right. The first time I tried to get fruit from Andy’s, I called him up to see if he had any tart cherries. He said, ‘Oh yeah, I’ll call you when it’s ready.’ So he called me a couple of weeks later and he said, ‘I got those cherries you wanted. Pick them up Friday,’ and I said, ‘Can I pick them up Thursday?’ and he said, ‘What? No. They need another day on the tree.'” \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I ask Mariani if he wishes the post World War II tech boom happened in the Central Valley — if he thinks it’s a shame a region with the perfect climate for growing fruit is paved over now with office buildings and condo complexes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is what it is,” he says. “I can’t say, ‘I wish.’ It happened, this inexorable march through the countryside.” He adds that being one of very few fruit farmers left in the Santa Clara Valley means he can specialize in the kinds of fruit that command higher prices, the kinds of fruit that gets him excited. “You want to get up every day because something else is ripening,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Developing fruit for the future\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Mariani can also play a part in the development of new varieties with the \u003ca href=\"https://crfg.org/welcome-to-the-website-of-the-california-rare-fruit-growers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Rare Fruit Growers\u003c/a>, an amateur society of people passionate about fruit. \u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\">“We started doing some hybridizations. They’re all developed for taste.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike, say, the folks at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/davis-ca/natl-clonal-germplasm-rep-tree-fruit-nut-crops-grapes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Clonal Germplasm Repository\u003c/a> near Davis, Mariani and his friends can put flavor ahead of a myriad of other priorities: appearance, size, firmness, color, shelf life, and disease resistance.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We developed a red-fleshed nectarine. The red flesh gives it kind of a tart raspberry flavor. Coupled with the fact that it has high sugar content — it’s an outstanding variety,” he says, adding that the chefs in Santa Monica love to play with his experiments in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Mariani is 72 years old, but he has no plans to retire from fruit farming. "This is my retirement. It's something I like to do. I've got some passion for it," he says. \" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-800x510.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1020x651.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1200x766.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1180x753.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-960x613.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-240x153.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-375x239.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-520x332.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Mariani is 72 years old, but he has no plans to retire from fruit farming. “This is my retirement. It’s something I like to do. I’ve got some passion for it,” he says. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On an initial foray south, the red nectarines sold out. “We had none left except for a little box of seconds — deformed and and pockmarked and all that.” A chef desperate to have them offered $50. “For that little box!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mariani insists he doesn’t want his operation to grow too big, it is expanding — ironically, onto land owned by the urban sprawlers who’ve surrounded his orchard in what used to be farm country in Morgan Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariani leases from them, plants orchards, and gives them a cut of the fruit. Some get curious about what it takes to become farmers themselves, but when they learn it can cost tens of thousands of dollars per acre to do what he does, they decide they’re satisfied with eating the fruit he grows on their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Go Taste Some Silicon Valley-Grown Fruit\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://andysorchard.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andy’s Orchard\u003c/a> in Morgan Hill\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cjolsoncherries.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CJ Olson’s\u003c/a> in Sunnyvale\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.gizdich-ranch.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gzidich Ranch\u003c/a> in Watsonville\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://novakovichorchards.blogspm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Novakovich Orchards\u003c/a> in Saratoga\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ca href=\"http://www.swantonberryfarm.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Swanton Berry Farm\u003c/a> in Davenport\u003c/div>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.webbranchinc.com/farmers_upick_straw.htm\">Webb Ranch\u003c/a> in Portola Valley\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "One of the last farmers in the Valley of Heart's Delight thrives providing chefs and other foodies with fabulous heirloom fruit.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Are you sure you’re eating the most delicious peaches you could be eating? I thought I was — until Andy Mariani of \u003ca href=\"https://andysorchard.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andy’s Orchard\u003c/a> in Morgan Hill put two peaches in my hand.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, I try the kind of peach I typically buy in the market: the size of a softball, with a rosy blush. Mariani tells me that blush hides the fact that peach was picked green. That’s so it’s easy to ship long distances, store for weeks on end, and display in big, attractive piles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s crunchy, and a little bit tart. It’s not bad at all, this June Time peach, but it’s a fruit I would bake in a pie rather than eat raw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Mariani hands me a little, yellow peach the size of a baseball. It’s an heirloom variety called “Gold Dust.” This peach is so juicy, I’m an immediate mess. And wow, is it delicious: sweet, but with a bright acidity that sets my taste buds alight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, just a handful of lush, green orchards like Mariani’s recall the era long gone when Silicon Valley was called the Valley of Heart’s Delight \u003ci>for its stone fruit\u003c/i>: apricots, cherries, plums, and peaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-800x527.jpg\" alt=\""Our store does fairly well for being out in middle of nowhere," says Andy Mariani of Andy's Orchard in Morgan Hill. People come from all over the Bay Area (and the US) to attend orchard tastings and stock up on heirloom fruit, especially in the summer months.\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1200x791.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-1180x777.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-960x633.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-240x158.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-375x247.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31536_Photo-Jun-21-11-45-41-AM-qut-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Our store does fairly well for being out in middle of nowhere,” says Andy Mariani of Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill. People come from all over the Bay Area (and the US) to attend orchard tastings and stock up on heirloom fruit, especially in the summer months. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fruit farmers left survive by serving the people who run high end restaurants and specialty markets; the kind of people who treasure heirloom varieties like the Gold Dust — and thrill to new varieties that share the same qualities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tastiness, the juiciness, the old-fashioned kind of flavors. There’s never been a problem with demand for this kind of fruit, because it’s really, really tasty,” says Mariani, who’s a second generation farmer. His parents moved to Morgan Hill in the late 1950s from an orchard in Cupertino that sat across the street from what is now Apple’s headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back before this region was called Silicon Valley, it was most famous for \u003cem>dried\u003c/em> fruit. “There wasn’t a national system of highways. You couldn’t you couldn’t truck fresh fruit to the New York markets. We had no airplanes to speak of. You had to dry your fruit to make it a more durable product,” Mariani says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only locals knew how delicious the fresh fruit was.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>An open secret for locals\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara Valley has an advantage over other fruit-growing regions because of its geography, tucked away from the coast, but not too far from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Mariani of Andy's Orchard in Morgan Hill has recently begun growing white apricots, a common sight in Central Asia. Mariani says the flesh tastes almost of melon and the kernels are sweet and edible, not unlike an almond.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-800x562.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1200x843.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-1180x828.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-960x674.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-375x263.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31533_Photo-Jun-21-10-50-59-AM-qut-520x365.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Mariani of Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill has recently begun growing white apricots, a common sight in Central Asia. Mariani says the flesh tastes almost of melon and the kernels are sweet and edible, not unlike an almond. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It has warmth, but it also has mildness, especially at night,” Mariani explains. “After a hot day, fruit trees need to rest. A lot of times in the Central Valley, it’ll go up to 100 degrees during the day and go down to about 85 at night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Santa Clara Valley, the day temperatures are cooler and the night temperatures are cooler, too. That means the fruit can stay on the tree longer, and the longer the fruit stays on the trees, the more sugar it develops. The flesh is firmer, and juicier. “Tree-ripened,” it turns out, is not just an advertising slogan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tasty though they are, though, these fruits are expensive. They bruise easily, and need to be sold and consumed right away. From an economic perspective, the Central Valley wins on every score, not just because the land is cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means most of the varieties you see in the markets will be ones that do well in the Central Valley’s heat. So the Blenheim apricot, a delicate creature that thrived for decades in the temperate Santa Clara Valley, has given way to the heartier, blander Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They taste like cardboard,” Mariani says. “But they’re durable, you know, and very productive. You get 20 tons to the acre whereas with the Blenheim, you get you get ten.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11676718 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"The Gold Dust looks diminutive next to the June Time, but it tastes so much better. \" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-800x568.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1200x853.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-1180x838.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-960x682.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-240x171.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31532_Photo-Jun-21-10-06-24-AM-qut-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Gold Dust looks diminutive next to the June Time, but it tastes so much better. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mariani laments the way the Patterson’s mediocre taste has deflated the market for California apricots in general, but he’s not weeping for days gone by in general. The market dominance of heartier, blander fruit provides him with a market opening to deliver the Blenheims and other varieties that make foodies swoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Looking for a taste of home or childhood\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Many of the pilgrims who drive out to Andy’s Orchard in Morgan Hill come for varieties he picked up in Central Asia. Or France. Mariani won over LA-based food writer and “fruit detective” David Karp with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2004/09/01/dining/a-finicky-fruit-is-sweet-when-coddled.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">greengage plum\u003c/a> Karp deemed better than any he tasted in the region near Toulouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I met Andy when writing an article about apricots for Saveur 25 years ago,” Karp tells me. “I asked the Apricot Advisory Board who was a real apricot connoisseur, and they said, ‘That’s Andy Mariani.’” Over the years, Karp was so impressed, he became a business partner with Marianni, investing in the orchards and helping to stoke demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Karp, “The Santa Clara Valley … is to certain fruits what Napa Valley is to wine.” As for Mariani’s commitment to flavor, Karp adds, “He loves certain heirloom varieties because he grew up with them and expects fruit to taste like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every Wednesday, Andy’s Orchard sends a van to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smgov.net/portals/farmersmarket/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Santa Monica Farmers Market\u003c/a>, mainly to fulfill pre-orders inspired by Karp’s glowing descriptions of what’s in season in Morgan Hill. Karp says three quarters of the fruit in the van is already sold upon arrival to Southern California chefs. Whatever’s left sells out by noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What doesn’t head to Santa Monica ends up at local Michelin-starred restaurants like \u003ca href=\"https://www.manresarestaurant.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Manresa\u003c/a> in Los Gatos and \u003ca href=\"http://www.maisonbaume.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Baumé\u003c/a> in Palo Alto, or local specialty stories like \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjolsoncherries.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CJ Olson’s\u003c/a> in Sunnyvale. \u003ca href=\"https://www.baldorfood.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Baldor\u003c/a> in New York and \u003ca href=\"http://www.orchardfruit.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Orchard\u003c/a> in Brooklyn pay Mariani to fly fruit all the way to the East Coast.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> The quality of Mariani’s fruit is no secret.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676723\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676723\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-800x781.jpg\" alt=\"Hway-ling Hsu of Sweetdragon Baking Company in San Jose says Andy is "very fussy" about his fruit. "He doesn't pick it until it's right. The first time I tried to get fruit from Andy's, I called him up to see if he had any tart cherries. He said, 'Oh yeah, I'll call you when it's ready.' So he called me a couple of weeks later and he said, 'I got those cherries you wanted. Pick them up Friday,' and I said, 'Can I pick them up Thursday?' and he said, 'What? No. They need another day on the tree.'" \" width=\"800\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-800x781.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-160x156.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1020x996.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1200x1172.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-1180x1152.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-960x938.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-240x234.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-375x366.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-520x508.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31537_Photo-Jun-22-8-57-37-AM-qut-50x50.jpg 50w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hway-ling Hsu of \u003ca href=\"https://sweetdragonbaking.com/pages/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sweetdragon Baking Company\u003c/a> in San Jose says Andy is “very fussy” about his fruit. “He doesn’t pick it until it’s right. The first time I tried to get fruit from Andy’s, I called him up to see if he had any tart cherries. He said, ‘Oh yeah, I’ll call you when it’s ready.’ So he called me a couple of weeks later and he said, ‘I got those cherries you wanted. Pick them up Friday,’ and I said, ‘Can I pick them up Thursday?’ and he said, ‘What? No. They need another day on the tree.'” \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I ask Mariani if he wishes the post World War II tech boom happened in the Central Valley — if he thinks it’s a shame a region with the perfect climate for growing fruit is paved over now with office buildings and condo complexes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is what it is,” he says. “I can’t say, ‘I wish.’ It happened, this inexorable march through the countryside.” He adds that being one of very few fruit farmers left in the Santa Clara Valley means he can specialize in the kinds of fruit that command higher prices, the kinds of fruit that gets him excited. “You want to get up every day because something else is ripening,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Developing fruit for the future\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Mariani can also play a part in the development of new varieties with the \u003ca href=\"https://crfg.org/welcome-to-the-website-of-the-california-rare-fruit-growers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Rare Fruit Growers\u003c/a>, an amateur society of people passionate about fruit. \u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\">“We started doing some hybridizations. They’re all developed for taste.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike, say, the folks at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ars.usda.gov/pacific-west-area/davis-ca/natl-clonal-germplasm-rep-tree-fruit-nut-crops-grapes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Clonal Germplasm Repository\u003c/a> near Davis, Mariani and his friends can put flavor ahead of a myriad of other priorities: appearance, size, firmness, color, shelf life, and disease resistance.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We developed a red-fleshed nectarine. The red flesh gives it kind of a tart raspberry flavor. Coupled with the fact that it has high sugar content — it’s an outstanding variety,” he says, adding that the chefs in Santa Monica love to play with his experiments in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11676724\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11676724\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"Andy Mariani is 72 years old, but he has no plans to retire from fruit farming. "This is my retirement. It's something I like to do. I've got some passion for it," he says. \" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-800x510.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1020x651.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1200x766.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-1180x753.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-960x613.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-240x153.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-375x239.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/RS31534_Photo-Jun-21-11-30-14-AM-qut-520x332.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Mariani is 72 years old, but he has no plans to retire from fruit farming. “This is my retirement. It’s something I like to do. I’ve got some passion for it,” he says. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On an initial foray south, the red nectarines sold out. “We had none left except for a little box of seconds — deformed and and pockmarked and all that.” A chef desperate to have them offered $50. “For that little box!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Mariani insists he doesn’t want his operation to grow too big, it is expanding — ironically, onto land owned by the urban sprawlers who’ve surrounded his orchard in what used to be farm country in Morgan Hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariani leases from them, plants orchards, and gives them a cut of the fruit. Some get curious about what it takes to become farmers themselves, but when they learn it can cost tens of thousands of dollars per acre to do what he does, they decide they’re satisfied with eating the fruit he grows on their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Go Taste Some Silicon Valley-Grown Fruit\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://andysorchard.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andy’s Orchard\u003c/a> in Morgan Hill\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cjolsoncherries.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CJ Olson’s\u003c/a> in Sunnyvale\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.gizdich-ranch.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gzidich Ranch\u003c/a> in Watsonville\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://novakovichorchards.blogspm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Novakovich Orchards\u003c/a> in Saratoga\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ca href=\"http://www.swantonberryfarm.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Swanton Berry Farm\u003c/a> in Davenport\u003c/div>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.webbranchinc.com/farmers_upick_straw.htm\">Webb Ranch\u003c/a> in Portola Valley\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "In Major Privacy Win, Supreme Court Says Police Need Warrant To Track Your Cellphone",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 11:02 a.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a major win for privacy rights, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled Friday that police must obtain a search warrant in order to get access to cellphone location information.[contextly_sidebar id=”EQC4MEPf5TXXa6t5uevcH3tYBoVeB4VU”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Justice John Roberts wrote the 5-to-4 decision, joining the court’s four liberals. The majority declared that the Fourth Amendment guarantees an expectation of privacy and that allowing police to obtain moment-by-moment tracking of an individual’s cellphone location is a kind of surveillance that the framers of the Constitution did not want to occur without a search warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chief justice said that this sort of tracking information is akin to wearing an electronic ankle-bracelet monitoring device and that the citizens of the country are protected from that kind of monitoring unless police can show a judge that there is probable cause of a crime that justifies it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He stressed, however, that this is a narrowly focused opinion that leaves intact other precedents when it comes to dealing with financial information, banking and office records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts noted that the decision also allows for warrantless cell-tower location information searches in emergencies and for national-security purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four dissenters were led by Justice Anthony Kennedy, who was joined by the court’s three most conservative members, justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch. In a rare move, they each filed separate dissents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Background\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case arose out of a series of armed robberies in 2010 and 2011 — robberies, ironically, aimed at stealing hundreds of new cellphones and selling them for tens of thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When police apprehended some members of the ring, the smaller fish implicated the leader of the ring, Timothy Carpenter. Police got a court order to get access to 127 days of cellphone tracking records for Carpenter and other members of the gang.[contextly_sidebar id=”zYniDfJm9xPDzfhQYrPVWJPU7aax5DXH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lo and behold, Carpenter’s general location information matched the robbery locations, and that information was used to help convict him. Carpenter appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court, contending that the Constitution required that police first obtain a warrant before getting this location information from a service provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obtaining a warrant would have required the police to show a judge that they had probable cause to believe the phone records contained evidence of a crime. What the police did instead was obtain a court order under the federal Stored Communications Act, which is easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Technology Clashes With Old Doctrine\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was seven years ago, and several smartphone generations ago, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The information used at Carpenter’s trial was not exactly precise. It did not record where he was when he texted or where he was when his phone was not in use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when he made or received calls, the cellphone towers nearby recorded his general location with an accuracy range of about a half mile to 2 miles. And those calls matched up rather nicely with the vicinity of the robberies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/29/567348000/justices-may-impose-new-limits-on-government-access-to-cellphone-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oral arguments in Novembe\u003c/a>r, the justices seemed torn about whether to break with the so-called third party doctrine. Adopted decades ago, that doctrine says that there is no reasonable expectation of privacy when an individual shares information with a third party — for example, the phone company, which knows what telephone numbers the individual calls and receives. Therefore, police do not have to get a search warrant to gain access to those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in recent years, the justices have expressed discomfort with that rule of law as applied to the modern digital age, when cellphones carried in a person’s pocket can track locations day and night, and when email and text addresses tell a huge amount about an individual’s contacts and lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Major+Privacy+Win%2C+Supreme+Court+Rules+Police+Need+Warrant+To+Track+Your+Cellphone&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Supreme Court ruled police do need a search warrant to obtain cellphone location information routinely collected by wireless providers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 11:02 a.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a major win for privacy rights, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled Friday that police must obtain a search warrant in order to get access to cellphone location information.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Justice John Roberts wrote the 5-to-4 decision, joining the court’s four liberals. The majority declared that the Fourth Amendment guarantees an expectation of privacy and that allowing police to obtain moment-by-moment tracking of an individual’s cellphone location is a kind of surveillance that the framers of the Constitution did not want to occur without a search warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chief justice said that this sort of tracking information is akin to wearing an electronic ankle-bracelet monitoring device and that the citizens of the country are protected from that kind of monitoring unless police can show a judge that there is probable cause of a crime that justifies it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He stressed, however, that this is a narrowly focused opinion that leaves intact other precedents when it comes to dealing with financial information, banking and office records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberts noted that the decision also allows for warrantless cell-tower location information searches in emergencies and for national-security purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four dissenters were led by Justice Anthony Kennedy, who was joined by the court’s three most conservative members, justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch. In a rare move, they each filed separate dissents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Background\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case arose out of a series of armed robberies in 2010 and 2011 — robberies, ironically, aimed at stealing hundreds of new cellphones and selling them for tens of thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When police apprehended some members of the ring, the smaller fish implicated the leader of the ring, Timothy Carpenter. Police got a court order to get access to 127 days of cellphone tracking records for Carpenter and other members of the gang.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lo and behold, Carpenter’s general location information matched the robbery locations, and that information was used to help convict him. Carpenter appealed his conviction to the Supreme Court, contending that the Constitution required that police first obtain a warrant before getting this location information from a service provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obtaining a warrant would have required the police to show a judge that they had probable cause to believe the phone records contained evidence of a crime. What the police did instead was obtain a court order under the federal Stored Communications Act, which is easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Technology Clashes With Old Doctrine\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was seven years ago, and several smartphone generations ago, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The information used at Carpenter’s trial was not exactly precise. It did not record where he was when he texted or where he was when his phone was not in use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when he made or received calls, the cellphone towers nearby recorded his general location with an accuracy range of about a half mile to 2 miles. And those calls matched up rather nicely with the vicinity of the robberies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/11/29/567348000/justices-may-impose-new-limits-on-government-access-to-cellphone-data\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oral arguments in Novembe\u003c/a>r, the justices seemed torn about whether to break with the so-called third party doctrine. Adopted decades ago, that doctrine says that there is no reasonable expectation of privacy when an individual shares information with a third party — for example, the phone company, which knows what telephone numbers the individual calls and receives. Therefore, police do not have to get a search warrant to gain access to those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in recent years, the justices have expressed discomfort with that rule of law as applied to the modern digital age, when cellphones carried in a person’s pocket can track locations day and night, and when email and text addresses tell a huge amount about an individual’s contacts and lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Major+Privacy+Win%2C+Supreme+Court+Rules+Police+Need+Warrant+To+Track+Your+Cellphone&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Wednesday, June 20, to reflect the SFMTA board's unanimous passage of higher scooter parking fines.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometime this month or next, San Francisco transportation officials will issue permits to as many as five firms to operate electric stand-up rental scooters in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even before those permits are awarded, the city is signaling it will get tough on companies that don't make sure their scooters are properly parked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency board approved new rules Tuesday that would increase penalties for repeat parking offenses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scooter parking penalties would go from a flat $100 per violation to $100 for the first ticket in a 12-month period, $200 for a second offense and $500 for the third and every subsequent citation. The fines would be assessed against scooter companies, not individual riders. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three companies -- Bird, LimeBike and Spin -- distributed scooters on the city's streets in March just after the Board of Supervisors began discussing steps to regulate the machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660993/s-f-officials-contemplate-legal-action-to-rein-in-rogue-scooters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the ensuing public uproar\u003c/a>, many complaints focused on the tendency of some riders to dump their scooters just anywhere instead of parking them out of the way of pedestrians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supes subsequently passed an ordinance making it illegal for the scooter firms to operate without a permit. Thus the creation of the SFMTA's permit process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency plans to grant permits to as many as five companies to operate a total of 1,250 scooters citywide in the initial phase of its 12-month pilot project. The agency could allow the number of scooters to double after the first six months of the pilot, which is designed to allow the city to gather data on the vehicles' use and test the companies' ability to develop parking solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2018/06/6-19-18_item_10.3_pilot_scooter_share_program_permit_-_transportation_code_amendment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A staff memo\u003c/a> prepared for Tuesday's SFMTA board meeting said the higher parking penalties are designed to ensure the scooter firms comply with city regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Meaningful enforcement is an important part of an effective permit program,\" the memo says. \"And the ability to impose increased penalties for repeated violations will improve SFMTA’s ability to ensure compliance\" with permit rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Reiskin, the city's director of transportation, told board members Tuesday that higher fines arose from comments the SFMTA heard while developing the pilot project \"that the fees that were originally proposed were too low and might be seen as a cost of doing business for a scofflaw company.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 12 companies filed permit applications by the June 7 deadline -- including firms like Uber and Lyft that have not previously operated scooter programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the three companies that launched in the city in March, Bird was most aggressive in deploying its vehicles and has criticized the city's cap on the number of scooters to be deployed during the pilot project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern California-based firm was operating more than 2,000 scooters in San Francisco by late May and has argued that the city should adopt what it calls a \"dynamic cap\" -- essentially allowing each firm to decide how many machines to place on the streets based on demand.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Wednesday, June 20, to reflect the SFMTA board's unanimous passage of higher scooter parking fines.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometime this month or next, San Francisco transportation officials will issue permits to as many as five firms to operate electric stand-up rental scooters in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even before those permits are awarded, the city is signaling it will get tough on companies that don't make sure their scooters are properly parked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency board approved new rules Tuesday that would increase penalties for repeat parking offenses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scooter parking penalties would go from a flat $100 per violation to $100 for the first ticket in a 12-month period, $200 for a second offense and $500 for the third and every subsequent citation. The fines would be assessed against scooter companies, not individual riders. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three companies -- Bird, LimeBike and Spin -- distributed scooters on the city's streets in March just after the Board of Supervisors began discussing steps to regulate the machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660993/s-f-officials-contemplate-legal-action-to-rein-in-rogue-scooters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the ensuing public uproar\u003c/a>, many complaints focused on the tendency of some riders to dump their scooters just anywhere instead of parking them out of the way of pedestrians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Supes subsequently passed an ordinance making it illegal for the scooter firms to operate without a permit. Thus the creation of the SFMTA's permit process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency plans to grant permits to as many as five companies to operate a total of 1,250 scooters citywide in the initial phase of its 12-month pilot project. The agency could allow the number of scooters to double after the first six months of the pilot, which is designed to allow the city to gather data on the vehicles' use and test the companies' ability to develop parking solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2018/06/6-19-18_item_10.3_pilot_scooter_share_program_permit_-_transportation_code_amendment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A staff memo\u003c/a> prepared for Tuesday's SFMTA board meeting said the higher parking penalties are designed to ensure the scooter firms comply with city regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Meaningful enforcement is an important part of an effective permit program,\" the memo says. \"And the ability to impose increased penalties for repeated violations will improve SFMTA’s ability to ensure compliance\" with permit rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Reiskin, the city's director of transportation, told board members Tuesday that higher fines arose from comments the SFMTA heard while developing the pilot project \"that the fees that were originally proposed were too low and might be seen as a cost of doing business for a scofflaw company.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 12 companies filed permit applications by the June 7 deadline -- including firms like Uber and Lyft that have not previously operated scooter programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the three companies that launched in the city in March, Bird was most aggressive in deploying its vehicles and has criticized the city's cap on the number of scooters to be deployed during the pilot project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Southern California-based firm was operating more than 2,000 scooters in San Francisco by late May and has argued that the city should adopt what it calls a \"dynamic cap\" -- essentially allowing each firm to decide how many machines to place on the streets based on demand.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Caroline Camhy didn’t have a plan the night she decided to grab a lawn chair and sit along the Caltrain tracks near her home. It was Oct. 20, 2009, and all she knew was that teenagers were killing themselves, and she had to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that point I had a son coming into third grade and a son coming into fifth grade, and I started to think of what was going to happen,” says Camhy, at her home office in Palo Alto. “What was I doing? Why was I here? What was I doing here? And how could I continue to live here when, just down the street, students of our local high school and middle school were taking their lives?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take long for other moms and dads to join Camhy. They’d sit in the dead of night, watching the trains barrel down the tracks. “It’s very loud. And it’s very bright and it comes very fast and it takes a long time being out there to get used to the speed at which it comes,” says Camhy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was hard to see beyond a few feet. The light was almost blinding.\u003cbr>\nBut maybe, Camhy thought, their presence would be a deterrent. Maybe what’s really needed, she thought, is for someone to sit in a chair outside, when it’s cold, and “just be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the height of the TrackWatch program, 150 volunteers in rotating shifts kept watch over the tracks. Camhy did it for three years, even after the city added paid security guards. And the number of suicides at Palo Alto’s four train stops went down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11673626\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11673626\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic-160x607.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"1213\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic-160x607.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic-240x910.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic-375x1422.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic-520x1971.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click for a timeline of Caltrain suicides on the Peninsula from 2009-2018 \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 2012, volunteers began to peter out, and as Camhy’s children got older, they needed her around more. It also occurred to Camhy that simply having someone sitting along the tracks was an unsustainable solution to a much deeper problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, I was outside and I drove by and I noticed a guard looking at his phone. So it is very difficult to be out there for hour after hour and in all kinds of weather,” says Camhy. “And after a while, you sit out there and nothing happens. Time after time and day after day, people begin to lose focus. And so the security guards were somewhat of a mixed bag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city says there is no way to know for certain how much of a deterrent it has been to have people watching the tracks. While train deaths on the Peninsula have gone down, schools and community groups have also invested a lot in suicide prevention and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cameras replace the human eye\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For nearly 10 years security guards in Palo Alto have kept close watch of Caltrain crossings. This summer those guards will be replaced by cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the spring, the city installed surveillance cameras at its four Caltrain stops. The city hired an outside surveillance company for $1.5 million to monitor the tracks 24 hours per day. The biggest advantage, the city believes, is that cameras will be more effective than human guards because they can detect movement at night and “see” up to 1,000 feet in each direction. Humans will monitor from a remote location, and will be able to talk through a speaker to those near or on the train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto resident Mike Coffee walks across the tracks on his way to work and waves to the guards each morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could get into all sorts things like, how tech is always looking for some facile solution for a complex problem, and I suppose it’s better than nothing,” said Coffee. “It definitely feels like it’s treating the symptom rather than the disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Camhy has learned, suicide is a complex phenomenon. She realized this all those years ago when she decided to place a lawn chair at the railroad tracks and watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these things are just hope. We try, and we hope it works, and then we see where it works. We’ll see where it doesn’t work. We try and we hope again. That is really the nature of this whole process,” says Camhy. “And I think that this switch to the electronic surveillance is definitely part of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The switch to electronic surveillance, she believes, is the next evolution as the Palo Alto community continues to work to understand the complexities of suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cameras will replace the human guards at the start of the new school year, in late summer.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Caroline Camhy didn’t have a plan the night she decided to grab a lawn chair and sit along the Caltrain tracks near her home. It was Oct. 20, 2009, and all she knew was that teenagers were killing themselves, and she had to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that point I had a son coming into third grade and a son coming into fifth grade, and I started to think of what was going to happen,” says Camhy, at her home office in Palo Alto. “What was I doing? Why was I here? What was I doing here? And how could I continue to live here when, just down the street, students of our local high school and middle school were taking their lives?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take long for other moms and dads to join Camhy. They’d sit in the dead of night, watching the trains barrel down the tracks. “It’s very loud. And it’s very bright and it comes very fast and it takes a long time being out there to get used to the speed at which it comes,” says Camhy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was hard to see beyond a few feet. The light was almost blinding.\u003cbr>\nBut maybe, Camhy thought, their presence would be a deterrent. Maybe what’s really needed, she thought, is for someone to sit in a chair outside, when it’s cold, and “just be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the height of the TrackWatch program, 150 volunteers in rotating shifts kept watch over the tracks. Camhy did it for three years, even after the city added paid security guards. And the number of suicides at Palo Alto’s four train stops went down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11673626\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11673626\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic-160x607.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"1213\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic-160x607.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic-240x910.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic-375x1422.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Death-By-Train-infographic-520x1971.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Click for a timeline of Caltrain suicides on the Peninsula from 2009-2018 \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 2012, volunteers began to peter out, and as Camhy’s children got older, they needed her around more. It also occurred to Camhy that simply having someone sitting along the tracks was an unsustainable solution to a much deeper problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, I was outside and I drove by and I noticed a guard looking at his phone. So it is very difficult to be out there for hour after hour and in all kinds of weather,” says Camhy. “And after a while, you sit out there and nothing happens. Time after time and day after day, people begin to lose focus. And so the security guards were somewhat of a mixed bag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city says there is no way to know for certain how much of a deterrent it has been to have people watching the tracks. While train deaths on the Peninsula have gone down, schools and community groups have also invested a lot in suicide prevention and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cameras replace the human eye\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For nearly 10 years security guards in Palo Alto have kept close watch of Caltrain crossings. This summer those guards will be replaced by cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the spring, the city installed surveillance cameras at its four Caltrain stops. The city hired an outside surveillance company for $1.5 million to monitor the tracks 24 hours per day. The biggest advantage, the city believes, is that cameras will be more effective than human guards because they can detect movement at night and “see” up to 1,000 feet in each direction. Humans will monitor from a remote location, and will be able to talk through a speaker to those near or on the train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto resident Mike Coffee walks across the tracks on his way to work and waves to the guards each morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could get into all sorts things like, how tech is always looking for some facile solution for a complex problem, and I suppose it’s better than nothing,” said Coffee. “It definitely feels like it’s treating the symptom rather than the disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Camhy has learned, suicide is a complex phenomenon. She realized this all those years ago when she decided to place a lawn chair at the railroad tracks and watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these things are just hope. We try, and we hope it works, and then we see where it works. We’ll see where it doesn’t work. We try and we hope again. That is really the nature of this whole process,” says Camhy. “And I think that this switch to the electronic surveillance is definitely part of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The switch to electronic surveillance, she believes, is the next evolution as the Palo Alto community continues to work to understand the complexities of suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cameras will replace the human guards at the start of the new school year, in late summer.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Congress approved giving $380 million to states to bolster the security of their elections, state officials were caught off guard but extremely grateful. Elections are notoriously underfunded and haven’t seen a windfall like this from the federal government in more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting that money out to all the states, and then into the hands of localities that run the elections, with enough time to have a meaningful effect on the 2018 midterm elections is a difficult proposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three months after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/21/595305722/senators-hold-election-security-hearing-after-releasing-recommendations-for-2018\">receiving congressional approval\u003c/a>, and now less than five months from November’s midterm elections, 33 states have filed the necessary paperwork to begin receiving money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/HAVAgrants-2018.pdf\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11675516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1404\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM.png 1404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-160x107.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-800x533.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-1020x680.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-1200x800.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-1180x787.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-960x640.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-240x160.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-375x250.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-520x347.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That number may seem “disconcertingly low” \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-cybersecurity/2018/05/17/few-states-seek-election-security-funds-221527\">to some\u003c/a>, especially when it was just 11 in mid-May, but there is mixed consensus on what it actually says about the country’s seriousness when it comes to handling threats leading up to the 2018 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More From KQED’s Election Coverage\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/elections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elections 2018 Guide and Results\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Judging a state’s preparedness and dedication to securing the vote based on this measure alone is a careless oversimplification,” said Thomas Hicks, the chairman of the Election Assistance Commission, which is in charge of distributing the money. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.eac.gov/news/2018/05/21/us-election-assistance-commission-chairman-thomas-hicks-on-states-efforts-to-boost-election-security-and-resiliency/\">penned a letter\u003c/a> in response to a Politico article published last month about the low number of states that had applied for the funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The states want the money, and we want to give the money out,” Hicks told NPR in an interview. “It’s mostly that they have to deal with their legislatures, and things like that. They have to jump through some hoops back at home before they can come to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not as if states are delaying in doing this — there are just steps they need to go through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also, just because a state \u003cem>has\u003c/em> applied for the money doesn’t mean everything is swell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are, after all, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/08/599452050/the-u-s-voting-system-remains-vulnerable-6-months-before-election-day-what-now\">valid security questions\u003c/a> for election officials across the country: from the fact that 13 states still use electronic voting machines that don’t provide an auditable paper trail, to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/17/611869599/not-just-ballots-tennessee-hack-shows-election-websites-are-vulnerable-too\">security of local election websites\u003c/a> that have often never seen a major test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if every state did prioritize its own issues, bureaucracy has slowed the process. With midterms nearing, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/13/584672450/intelligence-leaders-testify-about-global-threats-in-senate-hearing\">intelligence community warning\u003c/a> about impending interference from Russia, that could be a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each state has a completely separate set of variables to deal with in shoring up its systems, from different attitudes about election security within their respective state governments to the disparate nature of voting methods and infrastructure across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1582px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11675521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1582\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM.png 1582w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-160x117.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-800x583.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-1020x743.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-1200x874.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-1180x859.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-960x699.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-240x175.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-375x273.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-520x379.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1582px) 100vw, 1582px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.verifiedvoting.org/verifier/\">Verified Voting\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Renee Klahr and Brittany Mayes/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The number [of states that have applied] in the abstract doesn’t worry me,” said Larry Norden, a voting expert at NYU’s Brennan Center for Justice, who has authored a \u003ca href=\"https://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/americas-voting-machines-risk-an-update\">number of articles\u003c/a> warning about outdated voting equipment in the U.S. “But there are specifics that bother me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norden mentioned Nevada as one example; the website \u003ca href=\"https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/state-websites-are-hackable-and-that-could-compromise-election-security/?ex_cid=538twitter\">FiveThirtyEight recently published\u003c/a> an article outlining vulnerabilities with parts of the state’s website (though none were related to elections). In the story, Wayne Thorley, the state’s deputy secretary for elections, said they had not yet fixed one issue because they work “in a resource-constrained world in government.” But Nevada has yet to apply for the $4.3 million it has been allocated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with NPR, Thorley explained that the delay in drawing down the federal funds is not by choice. To receive the money, the state needs approval from the governor’s finance office, as well as the Nevada legislature, which currently isn’t in session. There’s a special finance committee meeting at the end of the month, where Thorley is expecting to get approval to start spending the money by July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is planning to spend the money on cybersecurity improvements and training as well as improving its auditing capabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hicks, the chairman of the EAC, said he expects every state to have turned in the necessary 2-3 page narrative application by the end of July. The amount each state receives is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/27/597077701/despite-cash-from-congress-key-election-security-issue-may-not-get-fixed\">based on population\u003c/a>, and not on any metric based on that state’s level of security or need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just because a state has turned in its application doesn’t indicate election security bliss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minnesota, for instance, is one of the 33 states that has turned in the necessary paperwork to receive their portion of the money. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.twincities.com/2018/05/18/gov-mark-dayton-lawmakers-have-117-paths-to-failure-can-they-work-them-out/\">disagreement\u003c/a> between Gov. Mark Dayton, a Democrat, and the Republican-controlled legislature over a proposed budget bill means the state won’t be able to access the $6.6 million it is due until after November’s elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There soon will be a $6.6 million account with our name on it,” Minnesota Secretary of State Steve Simon told NPR. “Earmarked for precisely the purpose we need: election security. And we can’t touch it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simon said his office was hoping to use a portion of the money, about $1.5 million, to hire coders for the next four years to modernize and secure the state’s voter registration system, which was built in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he “testified before legislators six different times, made numerous phone calls and held countless in-person meetings with legislators and staff” to try to convince them to separate approval for use of the election security funds from the larger budget bill, knowing that Dayton had issues with other aspects of the bill. He compared attaching approval for use of the funds to attaching the money to the Titanic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hit an iceberg and did not come to pass,” Simon said. “It ended up a bad result, and the worst part is, a totally avoidable result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simon, and voting officials nationwide, know ensuring voter confidence is a key task of election officials. Despite the setback on getting funding, Simon remains confident Minnesota’s elections will be secure in November. The intelligence community says despite Russian hackers targeting voter registration systems in a number of states, there’s no evidence any votes were changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the state set to receive the largest chunk of federal money, also has yet to apply for its share. But California Secretary of State Alex Padilla says the state was busy preparing for its June 5 primary, and he wanted to wait until afterward to release its plan for the money. The exact spending details are still being finalized, but Padilla expects the state to spend about $20 million of its $34.5 million on equipment improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the money is welcome for election officials, Padilla said it’s also important to put the amount in perspective. It won’t be a silver bullet. His state alone received \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Help_America_Vote_Act_(HAVA)_of_2002#cite_note-payments-7\">more money\u003c/a> as part of 2002’s Help America Vote Act than the entire country is receiving this year from Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will put more of a dink than a dent” in the broader effort to improve election security nationwide, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Congress approved giving $380 million to states to bolster the security of their elections, state officials were caught off guard but extremely grateful. Elections are notoriously underfunded and haven’t seen a windfall like this from the federal government in more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting that money out to all the states, and then into the hands of localities that run the elections, with enough time to have a meaningful effect on the 2018 midterm elections is a difficult proposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three months after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/21/595305722/senators-hold-election-security-hearing-after-releasing-recommendations-for-2018\">receiving congressional approval\u003c/a>, and now less than five months from November’s midterm elections, 33 states have filed the necessary paperwork to begin receiving money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/HAVAgrants-2018.pdf\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11675516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1404\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM.png 1404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-160x107.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-800x533.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-1020x680.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-1200x800.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-1180x787.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-960x640.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-240x160.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-375x250.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.39.36-AM-520x347.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That number may seem “disconcertingly low” \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-cybersecurity/2018/05/17/few-states-seek-election-security-funds-221527\">to some\u003c/a>, especially when it was just 11 in mid-May, but there is mixed consensus on what it actually says about the country’s seriousness when it comes to handling threats leading up to the 2018 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More From KQED’s Election Coverage\u003c/h3>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/elections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Elections 2018 Guide and Results\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Judging a state’s preparedness and dedication to securing the vote based on this measure alone is a careless oversimplification,” said Thomas Hicks, the chairman of the Election Assistance Commission, which is in charge of distributing the money. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.eac.gov/news/2018/05/21/us-election-assistance-commission-chairman-thomas-hicks-on-states-efforts-to-boost-election-security-and-resiliency/\">penned a letter\u003c/a> in response to a Politico article published last month about the low number of states that had applied for the funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The states want the money, and we want to give the money out,” Hicks told NPR in an interview. “It’s mostly that they have to deal with their legislatures, and things like that. They have to jump through some hoops back at home before they can come to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not as if states are delaying in doing this — there are just steps they need to go through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also, just because a state \u003cem>has\u003c/em> applied for the money doesn’t mean everything is swell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are, after all, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/08/599452050/the-u-s-voting-system-remains-vulnerable-6-months-before-election-day-what-now\">valid security questions\u003c/a> for election officials across the country: from the fact that 13 states still use electronic voting machines that don’t provide an auditable paper trail, to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/17/611869599/not-just-ballots-tennessee-hack-shows-election-websites-are-vulnerable-too\">security of local election websites\u003c/a> that have often never seen a major test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if every state did prioritize its own issues, bureaucracy has slowed the process. With midterms nearing, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/13/584672450/intelligence-leaders-testify-about-global-threats-in-senate-hearing\">intelligence community warning\u003c/a> about impending interference from Russia, that could be a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each state has a completely separate set of variables to deal with in shoring up its systems, from different attitudes about election security within their respective state governments to the disparate nature of voting methods and infrastructure across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11675521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1582px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11675521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1582\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM.png 1582w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-160x117.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-800x583.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-1020x743.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-1200x874.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-1180x859.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-960x699.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-240x175.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-375x273.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Screen-Shot-2018-06-18-at-9.44.00-AM-520x379.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1582px) 100vw, 1582px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.verifiedvoting.org/verifier/\">Verified Voting\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Renee Klahr and Brittany Mayes/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The number [of states that have applied] in the abstract doesn’t worry me,” said Larry Norden, a voting expert at NYU’s Brennan Center for Justice, who has authored a \u003ca href=\"https://www.brennancenter.org/analysis/americas-voting-machines-risk-an-update\">number of articles\u003c/a> warning about outdated voting equipment in the U.S. “But there are specifics that bother me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norden mentioned Nevada as one example; the website \u003ca href=\"https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/state-websites-are-hackable-and-that-could-compromise-election-security/?ex_cid=538twitter\">FiveThirtyEight recently published\u003c/a> an article outlining vulnerabilities with parts of the state’s website (though none were related to elections). In the story, Wayne Thorley, the state’s deputy secretary for elections, said they had not yet fixed one issue because they work “in a resource-constrained world in government.” But Nevada has yet to apply for the $4.3 million it has been allocated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with NPR, Thorley explained that the delay in drawing down the federal funds is not by choice. To receive the money, the state needs approval from the governor’s finance office, as well as the Nevada legislature, which currently isn’t in session. There’s a special finance committee meeting at the end of the month, where Thorley is expecting to get approval to start spending the money by July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is planning to spend the money on cybersecurity improvements and training as well as improving its auditing capabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hicks, the chairman of the EAC, said he expects every state to have turned in the necessary 2-3 page narrative application by the end of July. The amount each state receives is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/27/597077701/despite-cash-from-congress-key-election-security-issue-may-not-get-fixed\">based on population\u003c/a>, and not on any metric based on that state’s level of security or need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just because a state has turned in its application doesn’t indicate election security bliss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minnesota, for instance, is one of the 33 states that has turned in the necessary paperwork to receive their portion of the money. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.twincities.com/2018/05/18/gov-mark-dayton-lawmakers-have-117-paths-to-failure-can-they-work-them-out/\">disagreement\u003c/a> between Gov. Mark Dayton, a Democrat, and the Republican-controlled legislature over a proposed budget bill means the state won’t be able to access the $6.6 million it is due until after November’s elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There soon will be a $6.6 million account with our name on it,” Minnesota Secretary of State Steve Simon told NPR. “Earmarked for precisely the purpose we need: election security. And we can’t touch it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simon said his office was hoping to use a portion of the money, about $1.5 million, to hire coders for the next four years to modernize and secure the state’s voter registration system, which was built in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he “testified before legislators six different times, made numerous phone calls and held countless in-person meetings with legislators and staff” to try to convince them to separate approval for use of the election security funds from the larger budget bill, knowing that Dayton had issues with other aspects of the bill. He compared attaching approval for use of the funds to attaching the money to the Titanic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hit an iceberg and did not come to pass,” Simon said. “It ended up a bad result, and the worst part is, a totally avoidable result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simon, and voting officials nationwide, know ensuring voter confidence is a key task of election officials. Despite the setback on getting funding, Simon remains confident Minnesota’s elections will be secure in November. The intelligence community says despite Russian hackers targeting voter registration systems in a number of states, there’s no evidence any votes were changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the state set to receive the largest chunk of federal money, also has yet to apply for its share. But California Secretary of State Alex Padilla says the state was busy preparing for its June 5 primary, and he wanted to wait until afterward to release its plan for the money. The exact spending details are still being finalized, but Padilla expects the state to spend about $20 million of its $34.5 million on equipment improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the money is welcome for election officials, Padilla said it’s also important to put the amount in perspective. It won’t be a silver bullet. His state alone received \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Help_America_Vote_Act_(HAVA)_of_2002#cite_note-payments-7\">more money\u003c/a> as part of 2002’s Help America Vote Act than the entire country is receiving this year from Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will put more of a dink than a dent” in the broader effort to improve election security nationwide, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Criminal Charges Filed Against Theranos' Elizabeth Holmes, Sunny Balwani",
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"content": "\u003cp>The other shoe dropped for Elizabeth Holmes today -- the criminal one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal grand jury has indicted Holmes on criminal charges of allegedly defrauding investors, doctors and patients as the head of the once-heralded Bay Area blood-testing startup Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/442098/book-excerpt-one-execs-tumultuous-last-day-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Excerpt from John Carreyrou's 'Bad Blood': What Happened When Theranos Exec Confronted Elizabeth Holmes About Her Lack of Ethics\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of California said late Friday that Holmes and her former chief operating officer, Ramesh \"Sunny\" Balwani, have been charged with two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and nine counts of wire fraud. They face a maximum of 20 years in prison, the U.S. Attorney's Office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Holmes and Balwani surrendered to the FBI and were arraigned in U.S. District Court in San Jose, CNBC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/15/theranos-chief-elizabeth-holmes-arrested-on-federal-criminal-charges-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports. \u003c/a>They were released on $500,000 bond each and ordered to surrender their passports at the arraignment, which was attended by Holmes' parents, the network reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action comes three months after the Securities and Exchange Commission entered into a settlement with Holmes and Theranos over charges that the company perpetrated a \"massive\" and \"years-long\" fraud by exaggerating or making false statements to investors about the company's technology and financial performance. Balwani, 53, did not settle in that case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes, 34, is a Stanford University dropout who was once billed as the next Steve Jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She claimed that Theranos could perform dozens of blood tests from a few finger-sticks of blood, an advance that would have disrupted the diagnostics industry now dominated by a handful of giant companies. But an investigation by Wall Street Journal reporter John Carreyrou exposed Theranos' claims as untrue, and its testing results as inaccurate. The company was forced to invalidate hundreds of thousands of blood tests performed on patients, and it eventually exited the consumer blood-testing business after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services found deficiencies at the company's laboratory that the agency deemed life-threatening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting U.S. Attorney Alex G. Tse portrayed the indictments against Holmes and Balwani as a warning against Silicon Valley companies who use deceit in their business dealings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Investors large and small from around the world are attracted to Silicon Valley by its track record, its talent, and its promise,\" Tse said. \"They are also attracted by the fact that behind the innovation and entrepreneurship are rules of law that require honesty, fair play, and transparency. This office, along with our other law enforcement partners in the Bay Area, will vigorously investigate and prosecute those who do not play by the rules that make Silicon Valley work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how many people still work at Theranos, which has had to lay off the vast majority of its workers in the face of mounting scandals. But the company remained feisty as recently as three weeks ago, when it issued a \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2018/05/23/company-statement-regarding-may-20-2018-60-minutes-story/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/video/the-theranos-elizabeth-holmes-deception/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60 Minutes\u003c/a>\" story timed to coincide with the release of Carreyrou's book, which depicted rampant unethical behavior by Holmes and Balwani. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/442098/book-excerpt-one-execs-tumultuous-last-day-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the prologue here. It's a doozy\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Henning, a former senior attorney in the enforcement division of the SEC, said Theranos' statement came close to breaking a stipulation in its agreement with the SEC that prohibits it from denying the agency's allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vindication for Carreyrou\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One aspect of the Theranos story is how one reporter, aided by whistleblowers, took on a Silicon Valley darling whose founder was well on her way to becoming a tech icon.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s vindicating. I put three-and a-half years of my life into covering this story.'\u003ccite>John Carreyrou, Wall Street Journal reporter who exposed Theranos as a fraud, on today's events\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After Carreyrou's first stories exposing Theranos, he became Public Enemy No. 1 at the company, as it fought back by depicting his reporting as riddled with inaccuracies. (That particular \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2015/10/15/statement-from-theranos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press release,\u003c/a> remarkably, is still available on the Theranos website.) Notoriously, at one point, employees who had gathered for a companywide meeting \u003ca href=\"https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/09/elizabeth-holmes-theranos-exclusive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chanted\u003c/a> \"F*** you, Carreyrou\" to voice their displeasure with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carreyrou recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101865652/bad-blood-traces-theranos-fall-from-silicon-valley-grace\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appeared\u003c/a> on KQED's Forum radio program, and I asked him today how he felt about the indictments of Holmes and Balwani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s vindicating,\" he wrote in an email. \"I put three-and-a-half years of my life into covering this story.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The other shoe dropped for Elizabeth Holmes today -- the criminal one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal grand jury has indicted Holmes on criminal charges of allegedly defrauding investors, doctors and patients as the head of the once-heralded Bay Area blood-testing startup Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/442098/book-excerpt-one-execs-tumultuous-last-day-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Excerpt from John Carreyrou's 'Bad Blood': What Happened When Theranos Exec Confronted Elizabeth Holmes About Her Lack of Ethics\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of California said late Friday that Holmes and her former chief operating officer, Ramesh \"Sunny\" Balwani, have been charged with two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and nine counts of wire fraud. They face a maximum of 20 years in prison, the U.S. Attorney's Office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Holmes and Balwani surrendered to the FBI and were arraigned in U.S. District Court in San Jose, CNBC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/15/theranos-chief-elizabeth-holmes-arrested-on-federal-criminal-charges-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports. \u003c/a>They were released on $500,000 bond each and ordered to surrender their passports at the arraignment, which was attended by Holmes' parents, the network reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action comes three months after the Securities and Exchange Commission entered into a settlement with Holmes and Theranos over charges that the company perpetrated a \"massive\" and \"years-long\" fraud by exaggerating or making false statements to investors about the company's technology and financial performance. Balwani, 53, did not settle in that case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes, 34, is a Stanford University dropout who was once billed as the next Steve Jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She claimed that Theranos could perform dozens of blood tests from a few finger-sticks of blood, an advance that would have disrupted the diagnostics industry now dominated by a handful of giant companies. But an investigation by Wall Street Journal reporter John Carreyrou exposed Theranos' claims as untrue, and its testing results as inaccurate. The company was forced to invalidate hundreds of thousands of blood tests performed on patients, and it eventually exited the consumer blood-testing business after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services found deficiencies at the company's laboratory that the agency deemed life-threatening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting U.S. Attorney Alex G. Tse portrayed the indictments against Holmes and Balwani as a warning against Silicon Valley companies who use deceit in their business dealings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Investors large and small from around the world are attracted to Silicon Valley by its track record, its talent, and its promise,\" Tse said. \"They are also attracted by the fact that behind the innovation and entrepreneurship are rules of law that require honesty, fair play, and transparency. This office, along with our other law enforcement partners in the Bay Area, will vigorously investigate and prosecute those who do not play by the rules that make Silicon Valley work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how many people still work at Theranos, which has had to lay off the vast majority of its workers in the face of mounting scandals. But the company remained feisty as recently as three weeks ago, when it issued a \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2018/05/23/company-statement-regarding-may-20-2018-60-minutes-story/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/video/the-theranos-elizabeth-holmes-deception/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60 Minutes\u003c/a>\" story timed to coincide with the release of Carreyrou's book, which depicted rampant unethical behavior by Holmes and Balwani. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/442098/book-excerpt-one-execs-tumultuous-last-day-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the prologue here. It's a doozy\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Henning, a former senior attorney in the enforcement division of the SEC, said Theranos' statement came close to breaking a stipulation in its agreement with the SEC that prohibits it from denying the agency's allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vindication for Carreyrou\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One aspect of the Theranos story is how one reporter, aided by whistleblowers, took on a Silicon Valley darling whose founder was well on her way to becoming a tech icon.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s vindicating. I put three-and a-half years of my life into covering this story.'\u003ccite>John Carreyrou, Wall Street Journal reporter who exposed Theranos as a fraud, on today's events\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After Carreyrou's first stories exposing Theranos, he became Public Enemy No. 1 at the company, as it fought back by depicting his reporting as riddled with inaccuracies. (That particular \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2015/10/15/statement-from-theranos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press release,\u003c/a> remarkably, is still available on the Theranos website.) Notoriously, at one point, employees who had gathered for a companywide meeting \u003ca href=\"https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/09/elizabeth-holmes-theranos-exclusive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chanted\u003c/a> \"F*** you, Carreyrou\" to voice their displeasure with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carreyrou recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101865652/bad-blood-traces-theranos-fall-from-silicon-valley-grace\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appeared\u003c/a> on KQED's Forum radio program, and I asked him today how he felt about the indictments of Holmes and Balwani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s vindicating,\" he wrote in an email. \"I put three-and-a-half years of my life into covering this story.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Apple is closing a security gap that allowed outsiders to pry personal information from locked iPhones without a password, a change that will thwart law enforcement agencies that have been exploiting the vulnerability to collect evidence in criminal investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The loophole will be shut down in a forthcoming update to Apple's iOS software, which powers iPhones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once fixed, iPhones will no longer be vulnerable to intrusion via the Lightning port used both to transfer data and to charge iPhones. The port will still function after the update, but will shut off data an hour after a phone is locked if the correct password isn't entered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current flaw has provided a point of entry for authorities across the U.S. since the FBI paid an unidentified third party in 2016 to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10904328/feds-we-might-not-need-apples-help-unlocking-iphone-after-all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unlock an iPhone used by a killer in the San Bernardino mass shooting\u003c/a> a few months earlier. The FBI sought outside help after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10874394/apples-tim-cook-defends-decision-to-fight-fbi-on-hacking-shooters-iphone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apple rebuffed the agency's efforts\u003c/a> to make the company create a security backdoor into iPhone technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple's refusal to cooperate with the FBI at the time became a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10867371/judge-orders-apple-to-help-unlock-san-bernardino-shooters-iphone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">political hot potato\u003c/a> pitting the rights of its customers against the broader interests of public safety. While waging his successful 2016 campaign, Donald Trump ripped Apple for denying FBI access to the San Bernardino killer's locked iPhone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Wednesday statement, Apple framed its decision to tighten iPhone security even further as part of its crusade to protect the highly personal information that its customers store on their phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Tim Cook has hailed privacy as a \"fundamental\" right of people and skewered both Facebook and one of Apple's biggest rivals, Google, for vacuuming up vast amounts of personal information about users of their free services to sell advertising based on their interests. During Apple's 2016 battle with the FBI, he called the FBI's effort to make the company alter its software a \"dangerous precedent\" in an open letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're constantly strengthening the security protections in every Apple product to help customers defend against hackers, identity thieves and intrusions into their personal data,\" Apple said. \"We have the greatest respect for law enforcement, and we don't design our security improvements to frustrate their efforts to do their jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what took Apple so long to close an iPhone entryway that had become well-known among legal authorities and, presumably, criminals as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It got to the point that two different firms, Israel-based Cellebrite and U.S. startup Grayshift, began to sell their services to law enforcement agencies trying to hack into locked iPhones, according to media reports. Grayshift, founded by a former Apple engineer, even markets a $15,000 device designed to help police exploit the security hole in the iPhone's current software.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Apple is closing a security gap that allowed outsiders to pry personal information from locked iPhones without a password, a change that will thwart law enforcement agencies that have been exploiting the vulnerability to collect evidence in criminal investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The loophole will be shut down in a forthcoming update to Apple's iOS software, which powers iPhones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once fixed, iPhones will no longer be vulnerable to intrusion via the Lightning port used both to transfer data and to charge iPhones. The port will still function after the update, but will shut off data an hour after a phone is locked if the correct password isn't entered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current flaw has provided a point of entry for authorities across the U.S. since the FBI paid an unidentified third party in 2016 to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10904328/feds-we-might-not-need-apples-help-unlocking-iphone-after-all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unlock an iPhone used by a killer in the San Bernardino mass shooting\u003c/a> a few months earlier. The FBI sought outside help after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10874394/apples-tim-cook-defends-decision-to-fight-fbi-on-hacking-shooters-iphone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Apple rebuffed the agency's efforts\u003c/a> to make the company create a security backdoor into iPhone technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple's refusal to cooperate with the FBI at the time became a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/10867371/judge-orders-apple-to-help-unlock-san-bernardino-shooters-iphone\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">political hot potato\u003c/a> pitting the rights of its customers against the broader interests of public safety. While waging his successful 2016 campaign, Donald Trump ripped Apple for denying FBI access to the San Bernardino killer's locked iPhone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Wednesday statement, Apple framed its decision to tighten iPhone security even further as part of its crusade to protect the highly personal information that its customers store on their phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Tim Cook has hailed privacy as a \"fundamental\" right of people and skewered both Facebook and one of Apple's biggest rivals, Google, for vacuuming up vast amounts of personal information about users of their free services to sell advertising based on their interests. During Apple's 2016 battle with the FBI, he called the FBI's effort to make the company alter its software a \"dangerous precedent\" in an open letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're constantly strengthening the security protections in every Apple product to help customers defend against hackers, identity thieves and intrusions into their personal data,\" Apple said. \"We have the greatest respect for law enforcement, and we don't design our security improvements to frustrate their efforts to do their jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what took Apple so long to close an iPhone entryway that had become well-known among legal authorities and, presumably, criminals as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It got to the point that two different firms, Israel-based Cellebrite and U.S. startup Grayshift, began to sell their services to law enforcement agencies trying to hack into locked iPhones, according to media reports. Grayshift, founded by a former Apple engineer, even markets a $15,000 device designed to help police exploit the security hole in the iPhone's current software.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Stanford Pioneer in Brain Research Wins Prestigious Kyoto Prize",
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"content": "\u003cp>Karl Deisseroth, a Stanford University professor of bioengineering and psychiatry, has been awarded an international prize worth more than $900,000 for his work in illuminating brain activity with light. The exact amount of the prize was 100 million yen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders.'\u003ccite>Lloyd Minor, Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth is receiving the 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kyoto Prize\u003c/a> for advanced technology. Awards are also granted for basic sciences, and arts and philosophy. Some of its recipients have gone on to win the Nobel Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/about_pi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deisseroth,\u003c/a> the youngest person to ever receive the prize, is being honored for developing \u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/optogenetics/\">optogenetics\u003c/a>, a technology that uses light-sensitive proteins to manipulate brain cell activity. The method allows scientists to glean more information about brain disorders and to probe how the nervous system works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is humbling to see all the distinguished people who have won the Kyoto Prize, and to be listed with them. It is wonderful to see pure basic science discoveries recognized in this way,\" said Deisseroth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique developed by Deisseroth and his team manipulates cellular activity by delivering a pulse of light to a particular cell through an optical fiber that has been implanted in the animal’s brain. The method yields information on how brain cells give rise to sensations, memories and actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_442697\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-442697\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-375x281.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Kyoto prize medal. \u003ccite>(Inamori Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A brilliant and innovative investigator, Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders,” said Dr. Lloyd Minor, dean of the \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/a>, in a statement. “His receipt of the Kyoto Prize is inordinately well-deserved and the product of his unmatched scientific vision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth has said his research\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/optogenetics-controlling/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> was motivated by\u003c/a> a desire to better understand psychiatric disorders, the leading cause of years of life lost to death or disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth’s research, developed between 2004 and 2009, is used by laboratories around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thousands of laboratories around the world have used optogenetics to satisfy their own curiosity about the natural world, and to test ideas in a broad range of systems and species,\" he said. \"Many people are also studying brain diseases, and optogenetics-guided clinical trials have already started with some success, bringing a new kind of hope to people affected by these diseases such as substance dependence and depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CE6uNFFZ0qc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes optogenetics so groundbreaking is its level of precision in controlling defined activity within specific cells, according to I-Han Chou, senior editor at the journal \"Nature\".[contextly_sidebar id=\"08EVHeybNXS0fTuglKI55A1KVy7EFUpl\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you imagine the brain as this city, up until now we have been looking at it as if from space,\" Chou\u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/what-is-optogenetics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> told the\u003c/a> World Economic Forum site. \"We haven't had the tools to do anything beyond seeing what the whole city block is doing. What you actually want to know is what the individual components of the city are, what the people are doing, and what's the information being transported from one part of the city to another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique could transform how neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease are treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When things go wrong with the brain it is just so devastating. One of the hopes for optogenetics is that if it can work in humans, it might be used as a tool for restoring brain function,\" Chou added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Karl Deisseroth, a Stanford University professor of bioengineering and psychiatry, has been awarded an international prize worth more than $900,000 for his work in illuminating brain activity with light. The exact amount of the prize was 100 million yen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders.'\u003ccite>Lloyd Minor, Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth is receiving the 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kyoto Prize\u003c/a> for advanced technology. Awards are also granted for basic sciences, and arts and philosophy. Some of its recipients have gone on to win the Nobel Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/about_pi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deisseroth,\u003c/a> the youngest person to ever receive the prize, is being honored for developing \u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/optogenetics/\">optogenetics\u003c/a>, a technology that uses light-sensitive proteins to manipulate brain cell activity. The method allows scientists to glean more information about brain disorders and to probe how the nervous system works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is humbling to see all the distinguished people who have won the Kyoto Prize, and to be listed with them. It is wonderful to see pure basic science discoveries recognized in this way,\" said Deisseroth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique developed by Deisseroth and his team manipulates cellular activity by delivering a pulse of light to a particular cell through an optical fiber that has been implanted in the animal’s brain. The method yields information on how brain cells give rise to sensations, memories and actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_442697\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-442697\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-375x281.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Kyoto prize medal. \u003ccite>(Inamori Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A brilliant and innovative investigator, Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders,” said Dr. Lloyd Minor, dean of the \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/a>, in a statement. “His receipt of the Kyoto Prize is inordinately well-deserved and the product of his unmatched scientific vision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth has said his research\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/optogenetics-controlling/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> was motivated by\u003c/a> a desire to better understand psychiatric disorders, the leading cause of years of life lost to death or disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth’s research, developed between 2004 and 2009, is used by laboratories around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thousands of laboratories around the world have used optogenetics to satisfy their own curiosity about the natural world, and to test ideas in a broad range of systems and species,\" he said. \"Many people are also studying brain diseases, and optogenetics-guided clinical trials have already started with some success, bringing a new kind of hope to people affected by these diseases such as substance dependence and depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CE6uNFFZ0qc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes optogenetics so groundbreaking is its level of precision in controlling defined activity within specific cells, according to I-Han Chou, senior editor at the journal \"Nature\".\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you imagine the brain as this city, up until now we have been looking at it as if from space,\" Chou\u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/what-is-optogenetics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> told the\u003c/a> World Economic Forum site. \"We haven't had the tools to do anything beyond seeing what the whole city block is doing. What you actually want to know is what the individual components of the city are, what the people are doing, and what's the information being transported from one part of the city to another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique could transform how neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease are treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When things go wrong with the brain it is just so devastating. One of the hopes for optogenetics is that if it can work in humans, it might be used as a tool for restoring brain function,\" Chou added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After 38 years in business, owner Andy Katz is closing \u003ca href=\"https://www.yelp.com/biz/five-star-video-berkeley-4\">Five Star Video\u003c/a>. For decades, Katz had been the last man standing, offering patrons a blast from the past: the in-person experience of browsing an aisle for a movie, touching and reading the covers, and listening to movie recommendations from store clerks who carry with them encyclopedic knowledge of obscure titles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katz’s store houses about 18,000 titles, everything from musicals to documentaries to foreign language film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People get lost here. They will start picking at movies. They lose sight of what they’re here for,” says Katz. “But it’s like being a library, and it’s recreation for people. They like it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11673233\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 440px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11673233\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"440\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/06/Shelf-e1528329458176-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 440px) 100vw, 440px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andy Katz is standing next to the recommendation section, which is curated by humans working at the store instead of by the algorithms of a streaming site. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As streaming services like Netflix and Hulu have grown, video rental stores throughout the country have closed. What have we lost as we moved from brick-and-mortar stores with human-curated collections to streaming services that recommend videos and television shows?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot, says Katz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a tactile side of shopping, and that’s gone with Netflix. Their algorithm steers you towards things you might like based on what you’ve seen before, and that takes away your curiosity for new things. It’s the further commoditization of art.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The end of his lease seemed like a perfect moment to retire, he says. The store’s final day of operation will be June 17. After the store closes — from July 13 to 15 — Katz is planning to have a liquidation sale. It’s been a decent run, he says. Last year was profitable, but like most video store owners before him have discovered, Katz predicts the future won’t be so bright.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
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