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"content": "\u003cp>CTE has been part of the national lexicon in the U.S. since the 2015 movie \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sonypictures.com/movies/concussion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Concussion\u003c/a> \u003c/em>dramatized the discovery of this degenerative brain disease among football players.[contextly_sidebar id=”ehLMKdjS8P8l8PM67KnXRoh4cZnjRNoD”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2945234/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chronic traumatic encephalopathy\u003c/a> is found among people who’ve had head injuries. Though not everyone with head trauma develops CTE, the group that’s come to be most associated with it is football players, whose brains can be routinely jarred by hard hits. The disease has been linked to depression, dementia and even suicide among those who play the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the \u003cem>Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease\u003c/em> published a study Tuesday that helps broaden the understanding of who is potentially affected by CTE to include \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/04/05/522613294/do-u-s-troops-risk-brain-injury-when-they-fire-heavy-weapons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">military personnel\u003c/a>. And, perhaps more significantly, the study represents a step forward in developing a test for the disease in the living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, accurately diagnosing CTE requires the close study of brain tissue during autopsy, to identify the telltale abnormal proteins that kill brain cells. And this is a key reason why knowledge about CTE — who gets it, how widespread it is and the development of treatments — has lagged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve really got to have a living diagnosis scan in order to make much headway on understanding the disease,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.protectthebrain.org/Our-Team.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Julian Bailes\u003c/a>, a neurosurgeon at the Chicago area’s NorthShore University HealthSystem, and one of the study’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That diagnostic scan is what researchers have gotten close to in this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Comparison of Brains\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The small study involved seven military personnel — five veterans and two active duty — who’d had brain injuries and experienced CTE-type symptoms, such as memory loss and mood swings. They were injected with what’s called a molecular tracer — in this case the shorthand name is FDDNP. The FDDNP tracer, which is radioactive, binds with the abnormal proteins in the brain and then appears in neural PET scans.[contextly_sidebar id=”Ndl9rWapqUS4IcPfG65Xr4EsLQn8p0vR”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The PET scanner functions a bit like a Geiger counter, which measures radioactivity,” says the study’s lead researcher, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bri.ucla.edu/people/gary-w-small-md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Gary Small\u003c/a>, a professor of geriatric psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine. (Small is a co-inventor of the FDDNP marker; he and some other researchers in the project have disclosed a financial interest in Taumark LLC, a company licensed by UCLA to develop the tracer.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small’s team compared the scans with those of a number of other people: Fifteen retired football players who had suffered brain injuries and exhibited CTE symptoms; two dozen people who had Alzheimer’s dementia and 28 healthy “control” subjects who were cognitively intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results: The scans of the military personel showed patterns similar to the retired football players and different from the Alzheimer’s patients and control subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, it should be noted, the former players — all of them professionals who’d played in the NFL — had brain scans consistent with those of people who had died and had autopsies that \u003cem>confirmed\u003c/em> CTE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not Just a Problem for Athletes, Soldiers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small says the study paves the way for deeper investigation of CTE’s brain changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could help us not just with people who’ve had head trauma from sports,” he says, “but also from other forms of injury, such as blast injury in the military.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/05/30/613779769/domestic-violence-s-untold-damage-concussion-and-brain-injury\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Survivors of domestic violence\u003c/a> are another group believed to be vulnerable to CTE.[contextly_sidebar id=”1oVFhsMiBXNwtZ6trkQG3xEAzXq6oKRy”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small is quick to caution that the study isn’t definitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are several limitations,” he says. “One is [the small] sample size. Another is that we don’t have a control group of individuals who’ve been subjected to the same degree of head trauma, but are asymptomatic. … And what does that tell us? There may be something else we’re completely unaware of that’s driving the disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A reliable test for CTE in living people is still at least a few years away, he estimates. But there already are plans for more research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re still within the scientific process of trying to figure out where this test lands on the scale of being definitive,” Bailes says. The researchers still need to determine “how it correlates with the changes actually seen in the brain when people die,” he explains. “It’s not definitive yet but this paper in a military setting is another piece of the puzzle, we think.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A potentially pivotal piece of the puzzle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can’t diagnose a disease when someone’s alive,” says Bailes, “you really can’t help them. And you really don’t know, in a new and emerging and not completely understood situation like CTE. You don’t know the prevalence of it. You don’t know exactly who gets it and why. You don’t know how it evolves or changes over time and if there’s ever a potential for treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As another football season approaches, CTE will again be a lingering issue. And in some instances, it will be portrayed by some as it has in the past few years — as an “epidemic,” threatening the game’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which Bailes says is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think it’s an epidemic,” he says, “but whatever the number is, is important. And you have to have living diagnosis in order to be able to tell that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Hunt+For+A+Test+To+Diagnose+Chronic+Brain+Injury+In+Living+People&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>CTE has been part of the national lexicon in the U.S. since the 2015 movie \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sonypictures.com/movies/concussion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Concussion\u003c/a> \u003c/em>dramatized the discovery of this degenerative brain disease among football players.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2945234/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chronic traumatic encephalopathy\u003c/a> is found among people who’ve had head injuries. Though not everyone with head trauma develops CTE, the group that’s come to be most associated with it is football players, whose brains can be routinely jarred by hard hits. The disease has been linked to depression, dementia and even suicide among those who play the game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the \u003cem>Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease\u003c/em> published a study Tuesday that helps broaden the understanding of who is potentially affected by CTE to include \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/04/05/522613294/do-u-s-troops-risk-brain-injury-when-they-fire-heavy-weapons\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">military personnel\u003c/a>. And, perhaps more significantly, the study represents a step forward in developing a test for the disease in the living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, accurately diagnosing CTE requires the close study of brain tissue during autopsy, to identify the telltale abnormal proteins that kill brain cells. And this is a key reason why knowledge about CTE — who gets it, how widespread it is and the development of treatments — has lagged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve really got to have a living diagnosis scan in order to make much headway on understanding the disease,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.protectthebrain.org/Our-Team.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Julian Bailes\u003c/a>, a neurosurgeon at the Chicago area’s NorthShore University HealthSystem, and one of the study’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That diagnostic scan is what researchers have gotten close to in this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Comparison of Brains\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The small study involved seven military personnel — five veterans and two active duty — who’d had brain injuries and experienced CTE-type symptoms, such as memory loss and mood swings. They were injected with what’s called a molecular tracer — in this case the shorthand name is FDDNP. The FDDNP tracer, which is radioactive, binds with the abnormal proteins in the brain and then appears in neural PET scans.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The PET scanner functions a bit like a Geiger counter, which measures radioactivity,” says the study’s lead researcher, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bri.ucla.edu/people/gary-w-small-md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Gary Small\u003c/a>, a professor of geriatric psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine. (Small is a co-inventor of the FDDNP marker; he and some other researchers in the project have disclosed a financial interest in Taumark LLC, a company licensed by UCLA to develop the tracer.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small’s team compared the scans with those of a number of other people: Fifteen retired football players who had suffered brain injuries and exhibited CTE symptoms; two dozen people who had Alzheimer’s dementia and 28 healthy “control” subjects who were cognitively intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results: The scans of the military personel showed patterns similar to the retired football players and different from the Alzheimer’s patients and control subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, it should be noted, the former players — all of them professionals who’d played in the NFL — had brain scans consistent with those of people who had died and had autopsies that \u003cem>confirmed\u003c/em> CTE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not Just a Problem for Athletes, Soldiers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small says the study paves the way for deeper investigation of CTE’s brain changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could help us not just with people who’ve had head trauma from sports,” he says, “but also from other forms of injury, such as blast injury in the military.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/05/30/613779769/domestic-violence-s-untold-damage-concussion-and-brain-injury\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Survivors of domestic violence\u003c/a> are another group believed to be vulnerable to CTE.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small is quick to caution that the study isn’t definitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are several limitations,” he says. “One is [the small] sample size. Another is that we don’t have a control group of individuals who’ve been subjected to the same degree of head trauma, but are asymptomatic. … And what does that tell us? There may be something else we’re completely unaware of that’s driving the disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A reliable test for CTE in living people is still at least a few years away, he estimates. But there already are plans for more research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re still within the scientific process of trying to figure out where this test lands on the scale of being definitive,” Bailes says. The researchers still need to determine “how it correlates with the changes actually seen in the brain when people die,” he explains. “It’s not definitive yet but this paper in a military setting is another piece of the puzzle, we think.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A potentially pivotal piece of the puzzle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can’t diagnose a disease when someone’s alive,” says Bailes, “you really can’t help them. And you really don’t know, in a new and emerging and not completely understood situation like CTE. You don’t know the prevalence of it. You don’t know exactly who gets it and why. You don’t know how it evolves or changes over time and if there’s ever a potential for treatment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As another football season approaches, CTE will again be a lingering issue. And in some instances, it will be portrayed by some as it has in the past few years — as an “epidemic,” threatening the game’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which Bailes says is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think it’s an epidemic,” he says, “but whatever the number is, is important. And you have to have living diagnosis in order to be able to tell that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Hunt+For+A+Test+To+Diagnose+Chronic+Brain+Injury+In+Living+People&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Viral WhatsApp Messages Are Triggering Mob Killings in India",
"title": "Viral WhatsApp Messages Are Triggering Mob Killings in India",
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"content": "\u003cp>Iram Sabah, mother of two, is terrified by messages her family has been receiving on their smartphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband recently was forwarded a video that shows a child's mutilated body. It's unclear where or when the video is from, or whether it has been doctored. A voice implores people to forward it to others, and to stay vigilant — that kidnappers are on the loose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabah, 27, doesn't know if the video is fake or real. But she's not taking any chances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When my children go outside to play, I'm really scared,\" she says in an interview at her home in western India. \"These rumors have been spreading. I don't let them walk to school alone anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such videos and messages — many of them fake or photoshopped — have gone viral across India, spread mostly on WhatsApp, a messaging tool owned by Facebook. India is its largest market, with more than 200 million users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The messages have driven parents like Sabah to keep their children indoors. Teachers report reduced attendance at schools. The texts have even driven some Indians to murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, about two dozen people across India have been lynched — beaten to death — by mobs driven to violence by what they've read on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fake news is blamed for misleading voters and possibly influencing elections in the West. But in India, it's killing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/629731693/630053086\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night this month, around 11 p.m., Sabah heard a commotion outside her home. She lives in a midsize town, Malegaon, in northern Maharashtra state — an area famous for its textile looms, about 170 miles northeast and inland from India's largest city, Mumbai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was inside, having put her children, ages 4 and 6, to bed. Her husband was outside tinkering with his motorcycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I saw a mob beating five people. The crowd was getting bigger and bigger. They filled up the road in front of my house,\" says Sabah's husband, Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32. \"They even attacked police vehicles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five victims at the center of the mob were a couple, their toddler and two relatives. They'd wandered into town to beg, police and witnesses said. Locals feared they were the kidnappers all these WhatsApp messages had warned of — and attacked them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaikh Karim pulled the victims to safety inside his home, as the mob shattered his windows with stones. Police finally intervened and extracted them. But they're still in hiding, shaken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone has been as lucky. In the neighboring district of Dhule, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/whatsapp-rumours-updates-over-whatsapp-rumours-5-men-killed-in-maharashtra-men-beaten-in-chennai-1876287\">five other people were beaten to death\u003c/a> under similar circumstances on July 1, the same day Shaikh Karim rescued people from the mob in front of his house in Malegaon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11681227\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11681227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/11_custom-ac34e888c79ba032a2fa015fe4427cb3f5e714c8-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32, rescued five people from an angry mob in front of his home earlier this month. He pulled the victims — a couple, their toddler and two relatives — to safety behind this gate, as the mob shattered his windows with stones.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32, rescued five people from an angry mob in front of his home earlier this month. He pulled the victims — a couple, their toddler and two relatives — to safety behind this gate, as the mob shattered his windows with stones. \u003ccite>(Lauren Frayer/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, Indian police have launched an \u003ca href=\"https://scroll.in/article/885082/child-lifting-rumours-as-social-media-provokes-mobs-indian-police-struggle-to-dispel-fake-news\">anti-fake news campaign\u003c/a>. Traffic cops hand out flyers at intersections, with information dispelling the latest smartphone rumors to go viral. Town hall meetings are being convened across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rural school near Malegaon, police officers huddle in a humid cinderblock classroom, showing students one such misleading video on a tablet computer. Hundreds of villagers have gathered outside to hear the local police chief speak to the crowd. He urges them to be skeptical of what they read online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We made an appeal to the families, that they should not be fooled by false rumors and false pieces of news on the internet,\" says Harssh Poddar, additional superintendent of the Malegaon police. \"They must use their own minds. They must use their own sense of discretion — and in any case, it is not legitimate to attack someone on the belief of any rumor, fake or true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem of mob justice in India isn't confined to poor people, or rural dwellers, or first-time smartphone users. One of the latest victims was an \u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/india-google-engineer-latest-victim-of-mob-lynchings-fueled-by-whatsapp-rumors/a-44679902\">engineer for Google\u003c/a>. In May, another man was \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-india-44532224/the-india-whatsapp-video-driving-people-to-murder\">killed under a highway flyover in Bangalore\u003c/a>, a city of 12 million that has become India's high-tech hub — the local equivalent of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the rumors circulating in India prey on people's deepest fears, like having your child stolen. Some of the messages blame a rival religious, ethnic or tribal group — stirring a mistrust that already exists deep down in certain communities, Poddar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wouldn't say that when a mob behaves like this, that it is an incident of collective losing of mind. It isn't,\" he says. \"It is an instance of knowing that you are shielded behind a crowd, that you may not be identified, and therefore you can indulge in behavior that is otherwise unacceptable in any civilized society.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that way, mobs on the street could be acting similarly to trolls on the internet — taking advantage of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poddar is trying to change that. He's used closed-circuit TV to identify attackers. He's threatening jail time to anyone who even forwards incendiary messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Indian government has \u003ca href=\"http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180364\">demanded that WhatsApp\u003c/a> block such messages. The company has \u003ca href=\"https://inc42.com/buzz/fake-new-alert-whatsapp-launches-forwards-label/\">responded with a new feature\u003c/a>, which labels content that has been forwarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now the most important point is to tell people that WhatsApp is not your news source,\" says Pankaj Jain, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/\">Hoax Slayer website\u003c/a>, devoted to debunking fake news online. \"It's not a newspaper, it's not a news channel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jain says he receives 20 to 30 queries a day from the public, urging him to investigate rumors or suspicious videos online. He has debunked mermaid sightings, \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/?s=ghost+car\">ghost cars\u003c/a> and, increasingly in India, kidnapping videos. He traced some of the most incendiary footage to an unrelated \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/?s=guatemala\">incident in Guatemala\u003c/a>, not India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With smartphones and web service getting cheaper and more ubiquitous in India, Jain says online rumors are multiplying. He predicts it'll grow even more next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whenever an election comes, the fake news starts spreading a lot,\" Jain says. \"So obviously it's going to increase by 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2019 — next year – is when India holds its general elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR Mumbai producer Sushmita Pathak contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Viral+WhatsApp+Messages+Are+Triggering+Mob+Killings+In+India&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Iram Sabah, mother of two, is terrified by messages her family has been receiving on their smartphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband recently was forwarded a video that shows a child's mutilated body. It's unclear where or when the video is from, or whether it has been doctored. A voice implores people to forward it to others, and to stay vigilant — that kidnappers are on the loose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabah, 27, doesn't know if the video is fake or real. But she's not taking any chances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When my children go outside to play, I'm really scared,\" she says in an interview at her home in western India. \"These rumors have been spreading. I don't let them walk to school alone anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such videos and messages — many of them fake or photoshopped — have gone viral across India, spread mostly on WhatsApp, a messaging tool owned by Facebook. India is its largest market, with more than 200 million users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The messages have driven parents like Sabah to keep their children indoors. Teachers report reduced attendance at schools. The texts have even driven some Indians to murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, about two dozen people across India have been lynched — beaten to death — by mobs driven to violence by what they've read on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fake news is blamed for misleading voters and possibly influencing elections in the West. But in India, it's killing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/629731693/630053086\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night this month, around 11 p.m., Sabah heard a commotion outside her home. She lives in a midsize town, Malegaon, in northern Maharashtra state — an area famous for its textile looms, about 170 miles northeast and inland from India's largest city, Mumbai.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was inside, having put her children, ages 4 and 6, to bed. Her husband was outside tinkering with his motorcycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I saw a mob beating five people. The crowd was getting bigger and bigger. They filled up the road in front of my house,\" says Sabah's husband, Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32. \"They even attacked police vehicles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five victims at the center of the mob were a couple, their toddler and two relatives. They'd wandered into town to beg, police and witnesses said. Locals feared they were the kidnappers all these WhatsApp messages had warned of — and attacked them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaikh Karim pulled the victims to safety inside his home, as the mob shattered his windows with stones. Police finally intervened and extracted them. But they're still in hiding, shaken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone has been as lucky. In the neighboring district of Dhule, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/whatsapp-rumours-updates-over-whatsapp-rumours-5-men-killed-in-maharashtra-men-beaten-in-chennai-1876287\">five other people were beaten to death\u003c/a> under similar circumstances on July 1, the same day Shaikh Karim rescued people from the mob in front of his house in Malegaon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11681227\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11681227\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/11_custom-ac34e888c79ba032a2fa015fe4427cb3f5e714c8-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32, rescued five people from an angry mob in front of his home earlier this month. He pulled the victims — a couple, their toddler and two relatives — to safety behind this gate, as the mob shattered his windows with stones.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shaikh Wasim Shaikh Karim, 32, rescued five people from an angry mob in front of his home earlier this month. He pulled the victims — a couple, their toddler and two relatives — to safety behind this gate, as the mob shattered his windows with stones. \u003ccite>(Lauren Frayer/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, Indian police have launched an \u003ca href=\"https://scroll.in/article/885082/child-lifting-rumours-as-social-media-provokes-mobs-indian-police-struggle-to-dispel-fake-news\">anti-fake news campaign\u003c/a>. Traffic cops hand out flyers at intersections, with information dispelling the latest smartphone rumors to go viral. Town hall meetings are being convened across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rural school near Malegaon, police officers huddle in a humid cinderblock classroom, showing students one such misleading video on a tablet computer. Hundreds of villagers have gathered outside to hear the local police chief speak to the crowd. He urges them to be skeptical of what they read online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We made an appeal to the families, that they should not be fooled by false rumors and false pieces of news on the internet,\" says Harssh Poddar, additional superintendent of the Malegaon police. \"They must use their own minds. They must use their own sense of discretion — and in any case, it is not legitimate to attack someone on the belief of any rumor, fake or true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem of mob justice in India isn't confined to poor people, or rural dwellers, or first-time smartphone users. One of the latest victims was an \u003ca href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/india-google-engineer-latest-victim-of-mob-lynchings-fueled-by-whatsapp-rumors/a-44679902\">engineer for Google\u003c/a>. In May, another man was \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-india-44532224/the-india-whatsapp-video-driving-people-to-murder\">killed under a highway flyover in Bangalore\u003c/a>, a city of 12 million that has become India's high-tech hub — the local equivalent of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the rumors circulating in India prey on people's deepest fears, like having your child stolen. Some of the messages blame a rival religious, ethnic or tribal group — stirring a mistrust that already exists deep down in certain communities, Poddar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wouldn't say that when a mob behaves like this, that it is an incident of collective losing of mind. It isn't,\" he says. \"It is an instance of knowing that you are shielded behind a crowd, that you may not be identified, and therefore you can indulge in behavior that is otherwise unacceptable in any civilized society.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that way, mobs on the street could be acting similarly to trolls on the internet — taking advantage of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poddar is trying to change that. He's used closed-circuit TV to identify attackers. He's threatening jail time to anyone who even forwards incendiary messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Indian government has \u003ca href=\"http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=180364\">demanded that WhatsApp\u003c/a> block such messages. The company has \u003ca href=\"https://inc42.com/buzz/fake-new-alert-whatsapp-launches-forwards-label/\">responded with a new feature\u003c/a>, which labels content that has been forwarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now the most important point is to tell people that WhatsApp is not your news source,\" says Pankaj Jain, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/\">Hoax Slayer website\u003c/a>, devoted to debunking fake news online. \"It's not a newspaper, it's not a news channel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jain says he receives 20 to 30 queries a day from the public, urging him to investigate rumors or suspicious videos online. He has debunked mermaid sightings, \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/?s=ghost+car\">ghost cars\u003c/a> and, increasingly in India, kidnapping videos. He traced some of the most incendiary footage to an unrelated \u003ca href=\"http://smhoaxslayer.com/?s=guatemala\">incident in Guatemala\u003c/a>, not India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With smartphones and web service getting cheaper and more ubiquitous in India, Jain says online rumors are multiplying. He predicts it'll grow even more next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whenever an election comes, the fake news starts spreading a lot,\" Jain says. \"So obviously it's going to increase by 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2019 — next year – is when India holds its general elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR Mumbai producer Sushmita Pathak contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Viral+WhatsApp+Messages+Are+Triggering+Mob+Killings+In+India&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 6:15 a.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Commission has \u003ca href=\"http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-4581_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fined Google $5 billion\u003c/a> for violating the European Union’s antitrust rules — specifically, by forcing manufacturers of Android phones to install the Google search app and the Chrome Web browser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google has used Android as a vehicle to cement the dominance of its search engine,” Commissioner Margrethe Vestager said in a statement. “These practices have denied rivals the chance to innovate and compete on the merits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech giant plans to appeal the decision, a Google spokesperson tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Android has created more choice for everyone, not less,” the company says. “A vibrant ecosystem, rapid innovation and lower prices are classic hallmarks of robust competition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the European Commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/27/534524024/google-hit-with-2-7-billion-fine-by-european-antitrust-monitor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fined Google $2.72 billion\u003c/a> for antitrust violations. That time, it found Google was using its search service to improperly promote its shopping service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new fine — 4.34 billion euros, or just over $5 billion — sets a world record for such antitrust penalties, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-17/google-said-to-have-11th-hour-call-with-eu-ahead-of-android-fine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bloomberg reports\u003c/a>. And if Google doesn’t change its business practices, the cost could grow even higher, with penalty payments added after 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Commission says the large fine is appropriate because of the “duration and gravity” of the antitrust violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The executive body says that about 80 percent of smart devices in Europe run on Android. It’s not illegal to dominate a market, the European Commission says — but companies aren’t supposed to “abuse their powerful market position by restricting competition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google licenses its Android operating system to third-party phone manufacturers. The issue, the EU says, is that Google requires Android device-makers to pre-install the Google search and browser apps on “practically all” devices sold in Europe; in the past, the company used financial incentives to further encourage pre-installation. That makes it hard for other search apps to compete, the EU says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem has to do with rival operating systems. Source code for the Android system is shared online, allowing third parties to modify it and create “forks,” or versions of Android not approved by Google. (Amazon’s Fire devices, for example, run a “fork” of Android.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has prohibited companies that make Android devices from making and selling any \u003cem>other\u003c/em> devices that run Android forks. That gives Google too much power over competition between different operating systems, the EU says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google forcefully objects to the ruling, calling it a rejection of Android’s entire business model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.blog.google/around-the-globe/google-europe/android-has-created-more-choice-not-less/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog post\u003c/a>, CEO Sundar Pichai said the decision “ignores the fact that Android phones compete with iOS phones.” (The European Commission decided that Apple products don’t adequately “constrain Google’s market power,” in part because iPhones are more expensive, and because iPhones use Google search by default anyway.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phones typically come preloaded with dozens of apps, not just Google apps, and it’s easy to remove them and add new apps instead, Pichai writes. He also says that the rules imposed by Google are meant to “ensure technical compatibility,” and that they’re optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No phone maker is even obliged to sign up to these rules — they can use or modify Android in any way they want, just as Amazon has done with its Fire tablets and TV sticks,” Pichai writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Google makes the Android platform available for free, the company makes money off the phones only if Google apps are installed and used, Pichai says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is reminiscent of a 2009 agreement between Microsoft and the EU. The EU said that Microsoft was violating antitrust rules by selling computers with Internet Explorer as the default browser, and Microsoft agreed to offer users \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/dec/16/eu-competition-microsoft-browser-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a choice of browsers instead\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloomberg opinion columnist Alex Webb \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2018-07-18/google-escapes-microsoft-levels-of-antitrust-pain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">points out\u003c/a> a key difference between the two cases. This time around, there’s no requirement to promote competitors’ apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 6:15 a.m. PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Commission has \u003ca href=\"http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-18-4581_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fined Google $5 billion\u003c/a> for violating the European Union’s antitrust rules — specifically, by forcing manufacturers of Android phones to install the Google search app and the Chrome Web browser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google has used Android as a vehicle to cement the dominance of its search engine,” Commissioner Margrethe Vestager said in a statement. “These practices have denied rivals the chance to innovate and compete on the merits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech giant plans to appeal the decision, a Google spokesperson tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Android has created more choice for everyone, not less,” the company says. “A vibrant ecosystem, rapid innovation and lower prices are classic hallmarks of robust competition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the European Commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/27/534524024/google-hit-with-2-7-billion-fine-by-european-antitrust-monitor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fined Google $2.72 billion\u003c/a> for antitrust violations. That time, it found Google was using its search service to improperly promote its shopping service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new fine — 4.34 billion euros, or just over $5 billion — sets a world record for such antitrust penalties, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-07-17/google-said-to-have-11th-hour-call-with-eu-ahead-of-android-fine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bloomberg reports\u003c/a>. And if Google doesn’t change its business practices, the cost could grow even higher, with penalty payments added after 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Commission says the large fine is appropriate because of the “duration and gravity” of the antitrust violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The executive body says that about 80 percent of smart devices in Europe run on Android. It’s not illegal to dominate a market, the European Commission says — but companies aren’t supposed to “abuse their powerful market position by restricting competition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google licenses its Android operating system to third-party phone manufacturers. The issue, the EU says, is that Google requires Android device-makers to pre-install the Google search and browser apps on “practically all” devices sold in Europe; in the past, the company used financial incentives to further encourage pre-installation. That makes it hard for other search apps to compete, the EU says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem has to do with rival operating systems. Source code for the Android system is shared online, allowing third parties to modify it and create “forks,” or versions of Android not approved by Google. (Amazon’s Fire devices, for example, run a “fork” of Android.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has prohibited companies that make Android devices from making and selling any \u003cem>other\u003c/em> devices that run Android forks. That gives Google too much power over competition between different operating systems, the EU says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google forcefully objects to the ruling, calling it a rejection of Android’s entire business model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.blog.google/around-the-globe/google-europe/android-has-created-more-choice-not-less/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog post\u003c/a>, CEO Sundar Pichai said the decision “ignores the fact that Android phones compete with iOS phones.” (The European Commission decided that Apple products don’t adequately “constrain Google’s market power,” in part because iPhones are more expensive, and because iPhones use Google search by default anyway.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phones typically come preloaded with dozens of apps, not just Google apps, and it’s easy to remove them and add new apps instead, Pichai writes. He also says that the rules imposed by Google are meant to “ensure technical compatibility,” and that they’re optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No phone maker is even obliged to sign up to these rules — they can use or modify Android in any way they want, just as Amazon has done with its Fire tablets and TV sticks,” Pichai writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Google makes the Android platform available for free, the company makes money off the phones only if Google apps are installed and used, Pichai says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is reminiscent of a 2009 agreement between Microsoft and the EU. The EU said that Microsoft was violating antitrust rules by selling computers with Internet Explorer as the default browser, and Microsoft agreed to offer users \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2009/dec/16/eu-competition-microsoft-browser-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a choice of browsers instead\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloomberg opinion columnist Alex Webb \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2018-07-18/google-escapes-microsoft-levels-of-antitrust-pain\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">points out\u003c/a> a key difference between the two cases. This time around, there’s no requirement to promote competitors’ apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A House Judiciary Committee hearing on social media content moderation quickly turned into partisan bickering Tuesday morning in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats blasted Republicans for holding a second hearing on whether conservative voices are being silenced on social media sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly the majority would prefer to focus on made-up threats, fabricated, phony and conflated threats, that are facing America,” said Maryland Democratic Rep. Jamie Raskin at the start of the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from Facebook, Twitter and Google apologized about some decisions to filter content. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in response to Facebook’s decision to allow InfoWars, a conspiracy theory site, to remain on Facebook, head of global policy management Monika Bickert doubled down on the decision to delete InfoWars posts while choosing to keep the source page up in the name of free expression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they posted sufficient content that violated our threshold, that page would come down,” said Bickert. “That threshold varies, depending on the severity of different types of violations.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bickert apologized to right-wing personalities Diamond and Silk for deeming them “dangerous.” Bickert also acknowledged Facebook may have made other mistakes, like deleting content from groups like Black Lives Matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger issue, said San Jose congresswoman Zoe Lofgren, is that algorithms are playing into what users want to see. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The net result is that Americans have been isolated into bubbles. The next effect is that we’ve ended up in echo chambers. That has allowed the American public to be exploited by our enemies,” said Lofgren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have argued the hearings are a waste of time. Eric Goldman, law professor at Santa Clara University, said that decisions by social media companies on whether to filter content are fundamentally a First Amendment protected activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s substantial limits on the House Judiciary Committee or any other regulator to tell the social media companies what they should be filtering or can’t be filtering,” said Goldman. “That’s not really the purview of the legislature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldman points to \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/issues/cda230\">Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act\u003c/a>, which protects tech companies from content posted on their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook, Twitter and Google declined an invite to the first hearing in April. This time around, Bickert, Juniper Downs, head of public policy and government relations for Google-owned YouTube, and Nick Pickles, Twitter’s senior strategist on public policy, attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickles’ testimony echoed Bickert’s remarks, telling the committee that Twitter doesn’t censor political views but that the social media site has made mistakes — for instance, blocking a Senate campaign announcement ad for Tennessee Republican Rep. Marsha Blackburn. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every day we have to make tough calls. We do not always get them right,” said Pickles. “When we make a mistake, we acknowledge them, and we strive to learn from them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berin Szoka, president of policy think tank TechFreedom, testified at the first hearing and said he hopes that this time around legislators gain an understanding of the complexities of policing content, so that ultimately the conversation can steer in the direction of solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about educating the members as to how their content moderation works and how hard it is to hit moving targets. How much they have to constantly adjust what they do to stay ahead of people who are trying to manipulate and game their systems.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they posted sufficient content that violated our threshold, that page would come down,” said Bickert. “That threshold varies, depending on the severity of different types of violations.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bickert apologized to right-wing personalities Diamond and Silk for deeming them “dangerous.” Bickert also acknowledged Facebook may have made other mistakes, like deleting content from groups like Black Lives Matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger issue, said San Jose congresswoman Zoe Lofgren, is that algorithms are playing into what users want to see. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The net result is that Americans have been isolated into bubbles. The next effect is that we’ve ended up in echo chambers. That has allowed the American public to be exploited by our enemies,” said Lofgren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have argued the hearings are a waste of time. Eric Goldman, law professor at Santa Clara University, said that decisions by social media companies on whether to filter content are fundamentally a First Amendment protected activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s substantial limits on the House Judiciary Committee or any other regulator to tell the social media companies what they should be filtering or can’t be filtering,” said Goldman. “That’s not really the purview of the legislature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldman points to \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/issues/cda230\">Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act\u003c/a>, which protects tech companies from content posted on their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook, Twitter and Google declined an invite to the first hearing in April. This time around, Bickert, Juniper Downs, head of public policy and government relations for Google-owned YouTube, and Nick Pickles, Twitter’s senior strategist on public policy, attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickles’ testimony echoed Bickert’s remarks, telling the committee that Twitter doesn’t censor political views but that the social media site has made mistakes — for instance, blocking a Senate campaign announcement ad for Tennessee Republican Rep. Marsha Blackburn. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every day we have to make tough calls. We do not always get them right,” said Pickles. “When we make a mistake, we acknowledge them, and we strive to learn from them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berin Szoka, president of policy think tank TechFreedom, testified at the first hearing and said he hopes that this time around legislators gain an understanding of the complexities of policing content, so that ultimately the conversation can steer in the direction of solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about educating the members as to how their content moderation works and how hard it is to hit moving targets. How much they have to constantly adjust what they do to stay ahead of people who are trying to manipulate and game their systems.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Potential DNA Damage From CRISPR ‘Seriously Underestimated,’ Study Finds",
"title": "Potential DNA Damage From CRISPR ‘Seriously Underestimated,’ Study Finds",
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"content": "\u003cp>From the earliest days of the CRISPR-Cas9 era, scientists have known that the first step in how it \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/04/04/how-crispr-works-visualized/\">edits genomes\u003c/a> — snipping DNA — creates an unholy mess: Cellular repairmen frantically try to fix the cuts by throwing random chunks of DNA into the breach and deleting other random bits. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/Nbt.4192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> published on Monday suggests that’s only the tip of a Titanic-sized iceberg: CRISPR-Cas9 can cause significantly greater genetic havoc than experts thought, the study concludes, perhaps enough to threaten the health of patients who would one day receive \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/02/21/crispr-sickle-cell-clinical-trials/\">CRISPR-based therapy\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=\"y9TqAZzR84fJHw52DmhRAZZb04jkzjxD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results come hard on the heels of two \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/06/11/crispr-hurdle-edited-cells-might-cause-cancer/\">studies\u003c/a> that identified a related issue: Some CRISPR’d cells might be missing a key anti-cancer mechanism and therefore be able to initiate tumors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DNA damage found in the new study included deletions of thousands of DNA bases, including at spots far from the edit. Some of the deletions can silence genes that should be active and activate genes that should be silent, including cancer-causing genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DNA chaos that CRISPR unleashes has been “seriously underestimated,” said geneticist Allan Bradley of England’s Wellcome Sanger Institute, who led the study. “This should be a wake-up call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading CRISPR companies scrambled to play down the latest threat to what they hope will be a multibillion-dollar business \u003cstrong>— \u003c/strong>and to their stock prices, but investors reacted with alarm. Within the first 20 minutes of when the study was released, the three publicly traded CRISPR companies lost more than $300 million in value, and it was downhill from there: CRISPR Therapeutics ended down 8.6 percent, Editas Medicine fell 7 percent, and Intellia Therapeutics lost nearly 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies questioned whether the CRISPR-caused DNA damage reported in the new study applied to the kind of cells they’re planning to CRISPR. They emphasized that if genomic scrambling is at all common then it should also be seen in earlier forms of genome-editing such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/11/30/crispr-talens-gene-editing/\">zinc fingers and TALENs\u003c/a> (but apparently isn’t). And they insisted they’re on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not Pollyannaish about this,” said geneticist Tom Barnes, chief innovation officer at Intellia. For its mouse experiments, Intellia analyzes edited genomes for collateral damage both near the editing target and tens of thousands of DNA letters away, he said, but “we have not seen any [cancer-causing] transformation of these cells, even with all the edits we’ve introduced.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"X3REPdHlQY5Hjsf4rQxCF5iuUbyNXJ8K\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Editas spokeswoman Cristi Barnett said the possibility of genetic chaos from CRISPR is “an interesting topic” that the company “actively examine[s].” The reported DNA havoc, she said, is not “specifically problematic in our work to make CRISPR-based medicines.” CRISPR Therapeutics did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Academic scientists were less dismissive of the new study, in Nature Biotechnology. One leading CRISPR developer called it “well-done and credible,” “a cautionary note to the [genome-editing] community,” and consistent with other research showing that the DNA cuts that CRISPR makes, called double-stranded breaks, “can induce the types of genomic DNA rearrangements and deletions they report.” He asked not to be identified so as not to jeopardize business relationships with genome-editing companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as critics of last month’s studies asked why, if CRISPR’d cells can initiate cancer, no CRISPR’d mice had turned up with tumors, so scientists raised similar questions about the new genomic havoc finding: Why don’t scientists see it when they analyze the DNA of CRISPR’d cells?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You find what you look for,” said Bradley. “No one is looking at the impact [of these DNA changes] on downstream genes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And few studies conduct full-out genome sequencing of CRISPR’d cells. Moreover, scientists typically search for one form of the collateral damage the Sanger study found — deletions of thousands of DNA bases (the double helix’s famous A’s, T’s, C’s, and G’s) — using a standard technique called PCR, which makes millions of DNA copies. But to work, PCR must attach to a “binding site” on DNA; CRISPR sometimes deletes that binding site, said Bradley, whose team used a different technique to analyze the double helix for collateral damage from CRISPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sanger scientists didn’t set out to find collateral DNA damage from CRISPR. As they investigated how CRISPR might change gene expression, a “weird thing” showed up, Bradley said: The target DNA was accurately changed, but that set off a chain reaction that engulfed genes far from the target. The scientists therefore changed course.[contextly_sidebar id=\"dkt97iGOrAQULIvrxP1t89Dkl2rYRsky\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they aimed CRISPR at different targets in mouse embryonic stem cells, mouse blood-making cells, and human retinal cells, “extensive on-target genomic damage [was] a common outcome,” they wrote in their paper. In one case, genomes in about two-thirds of the CRISPR’d cells showed the expected small-scale inadvertent havoc, but 21 percent had DNA deletions of more than 250 bases and up to 6,000 bases long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since therapeutic uses of CRISPR would edit the genomes of billions of cells in, say, a patient’s liver, even rare DNA damage “makes it likely that one or more edited cells … would be endowed with an important [disease-causing] lesion,” the scientists wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature Biotechnology took a year to publish the paper, after asking Bradley numerous variations of “are you sure?” and “did you consider this?” and asking him to run additional experiments, Bradley said. The results all held up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03399448\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trial\u003c/a> using CRISPR’d cells began recruiting patients this year. It will use CRISPR to make immune cells, removed from patients with any of four types of cancer, attack telltale molecules on the tumor cells’ surface. Asked what genome analysis he plans to do, lead investigator Dr. Edward Stadtmauer of the University of Pennsylvania said, “We are doing extensive testing of the final cellular product as well as the cells within the patient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possibility of adverse consequences from CRISPR’d cells has caused some company officials to argue that if, say, their therapy cures a child of a devastating disease, but increases her risk of cancer, that might be an acceptable trade-off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That argument may well prevail. In 2003, however, when a boy in a gene therapy trial in France \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200301163480314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">developed leukemia\u003c/a> because the repair gene landed in the wrong place in his genome and activated a cancer-causing gene, it shut down gene therapy development on both sides of the Atlantic for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/07/16/crispr-potential-dna-damage-underestimated/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From the earliest days of the CRISPR-Cas9 era, scientists have known that the first step in how it \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/04/04/how-crispr-works-visualized/\">edits genomes\u003c/a> — snipping DNA — creates an unholy mess: Cellular repairmen frantically try to fix the cuts by throwing random chunks of DNA into the breach and deleting other random bits. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/Nbt.4192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research\u003c/a> published on Monday suggests that’s only the tip of a Titanic-sized iceberg: CRISPR-Cas9 can cause significantly greater genetic havoc than experts thought, the study concludes, perhaps enough to threaten the health of patients who would one day receive \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/02/21/crispr-sickle-cell-clinical-trials/\">CRISPR-based therapy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results come hard on the heels of two \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/06/11/crispr-hurdle-edited-cells-might-cause-cancer/\">studies\u003c/a> that identified a related issue: Some CRISPR’d cells might be missing a key anti-cancer mechanism and therefore be able to initiate tumors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DNA damage found in the new study included deletions of thousands of DNA bases, including at spots far from the edit. Some of the deletions can silence genes that should be active and activate genes that should be silent, including cancer-causing genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DNA chaos that CRISPR unleashes has been “seriously underestimated,” said geneticist Allan Bradley of England’s Wellcome Sanger Institute, who led the study. “This should be a wake-up call.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading CRISPR companies scrambled to play down the latest threat to what they hope will be a multibillion-dollar business \u003cstrong>— \u003c/strong>and to their stock prices, but investors reacted with alarm. Within the first 20 minutes of when the study was released, the three publicly traded CRISPR companies lost more than $300 million in value, and it was downhill from there: CRISPR Therapeutics ended down 8.6 percent, Editas Medicine fell 7 percent, and Intellia Therapeutics lost nearly 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies questioned whether the CRISPR-caused DNA damage reported in the new study applied to the kind of cells they’re planning to CRISPR. They emphasized that if genomic scrambling is at all common then it should also be seen in earlier forms of genome-editing such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/11/30/crispr-talens-gene-editing/\">zinc fingers and TALENs\u003c/a> (but apparently isn’t). And they insisted they’re on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not Pollyannaish about this,” said geneticist Tom Barnes, chief innovation officer at Intellia. For its mouse experiments, Intellia analyzes edited genomes for collateral damage both near the editing target and tens of thousands of DNA letters away, he said, but “we have not seen any [cancer-causing] transformation of these cells, even with all the edits we’ve introduced.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Editas spokeswoman Cristi Barnett said the possibility of genetic chaos from CRISPR is “an interesting topic” that the company “actively examine[s].” The reported DNA havoc, she said, is not “specifically problematic in our work to make CRISPR-based medicines.” CRISPR Therapeutics did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Academic scientists were less dismissive of the new study, in Nature Biotechnology. One leading CRISPR developer called it “well-done and credible,” “a cautionary note to the [genome-editing] community,” and consistent with other research showing that the DNA cuts that CRISPR makes, called double-stranded breaks, “can induce the types of genomic DNA rearrangements and deletions they report.” He asked not to be identified so as not to jeopardize business relationships with genome-editing companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as critics of last month’s studies asked why, if CRISPR’d cells can initiate cancer, no CRISPR’d mice had turned up with tumors, so scientists raised similar questions about the new genomic havoc finding: Why don’t scientists see it when they analyze the DNA of CRISPR’d cells?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You find what you look for,” said Bradley. “No one is looking at the impact [of these DNA changes] on downstream genes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And few studies conduct full-out genome sequencing of CRISPR’d cells. Moreover, scientists typically search for one form of the collateral damage the Sanger study found — deletions of thousands of DNA bases (the double helix’s famous A’s, T’s, C’s, and G’s) — using a standard technique called PCR, which makes millions of DNA copies. But to work, PCR must attach to a “binding site” on DNA; CRISPR sometimes deletes that binding site, said Bradley, whose team used a different technique to analyze the double helix for collateral damage from CRISPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sanger scientists didn’t set out to find collateral DNA damage from CRISPR. As they investigated how CRISPR might change gene expression, a “weird thing” showed up, Bradley said: The target DNA was accurately changed, but that set off a chain reaction that engulfed genes far from the target. The scientists therefore changed course.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they aimed CRISPR at different targets in mouse embryonic stem cells, mouse blood-making cells, and human retinal cells, “extensive on-target genomic damage [was] a common outcome,” they wrote in their paper. In one case, genomes in about two-thirds of the CRISPR’d cells showed the expected small-scale inadvertent havoc, but 21 percent had DNA deletions of more than 250 bases and up to 6,000 bases long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since therapeutic uses of CRISPR would edit the genomes of billions of cells in, say, a patient’s liver, even rare DNA damage “makes it likely that one or more edited cells … would be endowed with an important [disease-causing] lesion,” the scientists wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature Biotechnology took a year to publish the paper, after asking Bradley numerous variations of “are you sure?” and “did you consider this?” and asking him to run additional experiments, Bradley said. The results all held up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03399448\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trial\u003c/a> using CRISPR’d cells began recruiting patients this year. It will use CRISPR to make immune cells, removed from patients with any of four types of cancer, attack telltale molecules on the tumor cells’ surface. Asked what genome analysis he plans to do, lead investigator Dr. Edward Stadtmauer of the University of Pennsylvania said, “We are doing extensive testing of the final cellular product as well as the cells within the patient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possibility of adverse consequences from CRISPR’d cells has caused some company officials to argue that if, say, their therapy cures a child of a devastating disease, but increases her risk of cancer, that might be an acceptable trade-off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That argument may well prevail. In 2003, however, when a boy in a gene therapy trial in France \u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200301163480314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">developed leukemia\u003c/a> because the repair gene landed in the wrong place in his genome and activated a cancer-causing gene, it shut down gene therapy development on both sides of the Atlantic for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Entrepreneur Elon Musk and a British diver who helped rescue a dozen boys and their soccer coach from a cave in Thailand last week are engaged in a public spat over the specially designed minisubmarine that Musk offered to rescuers but was never used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TmjpIkVDrU\">an interview with CNN\u003c/a>, diver Vern Unsworth was asked for his thoughts on Musk's \"kid-size\" submersible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He can stick his submarine where it hurts,\" Unsworth replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CNN/status/1018612817077813248\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsworth called the minisub a \"PR stunt\" by the billionaire founder of Tesla and SpaceX and said it \"had absolutely no chance of working\" because Musk and his team of engineers \"had no conception of what the cave passage was like.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said because the vehicle was rigid, it would never have made it around and through tight spaces to reach Cave 5 in the Tham Luang Cave in northern Thailand, where the boys from the Wild Boars soccer team were trapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In tweets that appear to have since been deleted, Musk said the submarine would have managed easily, as \"you could literally have swum to Cave 5 with no gear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680783\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11680783\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ap_18190079722207_wide-b48cadf50a1a5299c1ad288ccde194d52e1fee03-800x450.jpg\" alt='This frame grab from video tweeted by Elon Musk shows his \"tiny kid-size submarine\" being tested in a pool at Palisades Charter High School on July 8 in California.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This frame grab from video tweeted by Elon Musk shows his \"tiny kid-size submarine\" being tested in a pool at Palisades Charter High School on July 8 in California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Elon Musk via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I challenge this dude to show final rescue video,\" Musk said, referring to Unsworth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few minutes later, Musk added, \"You know what, don't bother showing the video. We will make one of the mini-sub/pod going all the way to Cave 5 no problem. Sorry pedo guy, you really did ask for it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk did not provide any context or evidence for his claim that Unsworth is a pedophile. And later, in another since-deleted tweet, said, \"Bet ya a signed dollar it's true.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/brokenbottleboy/status/1018506740403462144\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/14/opinion/sunday/elon-musk-thailand-hubris.html\">op-ed piece in The New York Times\u003c/a>, Zeynep Tufekci writes, \"Mr. Musk's desire to help was commendable. But when the head of the rescue operation, Narongsak Osottanakorn, declared that Mr. Musk's contraption was impractical for the task at hand — a task that had been completed, at that point, by some of the world's top cave divers — Mr. Musk responded with irritation. He insisted on Twitter that leaders of the operation had in fact welcomed his assistance and that Mr. Narongsak was not the 'subject matter expert.' He also expressed frustration that he was being criticized while trying to help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsworth, who says he has spent the last six years exploring the cave, described it as a \"second home.\" His knowledge of the cave system proved critical in finding and rescuing the boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, in a video taken of the boys recovering in a hospital, they speak in Thai mixed with some English, introducing themselves and thanking their rescuers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked on camera what they wanted to eat once they were released, one replies \"Fried crispy pork with rice.\" Others responses: KFC, sushi, steak and pork bbq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Elon+Musk+And+British+Diver+Exchange+Harsh+Words+Over+Thai+Cave+Rescue&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said because the vehicle was rigid, it would never have made it around and through tight spaces to reach Cave 5 in the Tham Luang Cave in northern Thailand, where the boys from the Wild Boars soccer team were trapped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In tweets that appear to have since been deleted, Musk said the submarine would have managed easily, as \"you could literally have swum to Cave 5 with no gear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680783\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11680783\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ap_18190079722207_wide-b48cadf50a1a5299c1ad288ccde194d52e1fee03-800x450.jpg\" alt='This frame grab from video tweeted by Elon Musk shows his \"tiny kid-size submarine\" being tested in a pool at Palisades Charter High School on July 8 in California.' width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This frame grab from video tweeted by Elon Musk shows his \"tiny kid-size submarine\" being tested in a pool at Palisades Charter High School on July 8 in California. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Elon Musk via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I challenge this dude to show final rescue video,\" Musk said, referring to Unsworth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few minutes later, Musk added, \"You know what, don't bother showing the video. We will make one of the mini-sub/pod going all the way to Cave 5 no problem. Sorry pedo guy, you really did ask for it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk did not provide any context or evidence for his claim that Unsworth is a pedophile. And later, in another since-deleted tweet, said, \"Bet ya a signed dollar it's true.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/14/opinion/sunday/elon-musk-thailand-hubris.html\">op-ed piece in The New York Times\u003c/a>, Zeynep Tufekci writes, \"Mr. Musk's desire to help was commendable. But when the head of the rescue operation, Narongsak Osottanakorn, declared that Mr. Musk's contraption was impractical for the task at hand — a task that had been completed, at that point, by some of the world's top cave divers — Mr. Musk responded with irritation. He insisted on Twitter that leaders of the operation had in fact welcomed his assistance and that Mr. Narongsak was not the 'subject matter expert.' He also expressed frustration that he was being criticized while trying to help.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsworth, who says he has spent the last six years exploring the cave, described it as a \"second home.\" His knowledge of the cave system proved critical in finding and rescuing the boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, in a video taken of the boys recovering in a hospital, they speak in Thai mixed with some English, introducing themselves and thanking their rescuers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked on camera what they wanted to eat once they were released, one replies \"Fried crispy pork with rice.\" Others responses: KFC, sushi, steak and pork bbq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Elon+Musk+And+British+Diver+Exchange+Harsh+Words+Over+Thai+Cave+Rescue&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The year 1993 was a watershed for the internet. It was the year developers of the web at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (French acronym CERN) made it open and free to everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also the year that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsa.illinois.edu/enabling/mosaic\">Mosaic\u003c/a>, the first general-use internet browser, was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-five years later, the internet has become one of the most important tools in our lives, so much so that it feels strange to call it a “thing.” Our digital lives allow us to communicate and connect like never before, but it has also opened up a Pandora’s box of complicated ethical issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What better place to muse on how technology has changed our lives than the \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerhistory.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Computer History Museum\u003c/a> in Mountain View, California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Silicon Valley tech team — senior editor Tonya Mosley and reporters Peter Jon Shuler and Sam Harnett — visited the museum for this week’s show to take us back in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665625/virtual-worlds-reassessing-our-tech-predictions-25-years-later\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Virtual Worlds: Reassessing Our Tech Predictions 25 Years Later\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680550\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11680550\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"In one of AT&T's "You Will" commercials from 1993, a man remotely attends a business meeting via his laptop at the beach -- something barely imaginable at the time.\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-800x546.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-1020x696.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-1200x819.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-1180x806.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-960x656.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-520x355.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In one of AT&T’s “You Will” commercials from 1993, a man remotely attends a business meeting via his laptop at the beach — something barely imaginable at the time. \u003ccite>(YouTube)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Along with colleague Rachael Myrow, the team investigated how our first experiences of this “futuristic” technology from a quarter-century ago have evolved to present day. That series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665625/virtual-worlds-reassessing-our-tech-predictions-25-years-later\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Virtual Worlds\u003c/a>, revisits KQED’s reporting from 1993.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first story in the series re-examines 25-year-old tech predictions about the dangers of feeling tied to technology, and futuristic ads showing people buying concert tickets from an ATM machine, making video calls from a pay phone and sending their beach messages through a fax.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665181/the-internet-really-did-lead-to-an-explosion-of-creative-content-good-bad-and-ugly\">The Internet Really Did Lead to an Explosion of Creative Content: Good, Bad and Ugly\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680272\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11680272\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-800x640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-800x640.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-1020x816.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-960x768.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-240x192.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-375x300.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-520x416.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Halo Called Fred enjoys the first coverage it’s received on KQED since 1993. Brushwood Thicket Farmer (left); Geverend Dee (top center); Queenie (right); Tiny (bottom center). \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Scott Levine/FotoPlex)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in 1993, there were new ideas about how the internet could let you pay for content you like (and \u003cem>get paid\u003c/em> for making your own content!).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We revisit just how that has played out 25 years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665681/innovation-in-east-oakland-the-realities-of-keeping-up-outside-of-silicon-valleys-bubble\">Innovation in East Oakland: The Realities of Keeping Up Outside of Silicon Valley’s Bubble\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680274\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11680274\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students in the Media Academy at Fremont High School in East Oakland work on a solution for a community problem using virtual reality. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Twenty-five years ago, students at Fremont High School in East Oakland were learning all about how to use the latest technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even back then, teachers were questioning whether they were creating passive consumers or active creators of tech. We revisit East Oakland to let see if anything has changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Online Privacy … a Thing of the Past?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11679803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11679803 size-medium\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-1020x1361.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-1180x1574.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-960x1281.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-520x694.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Altair 8800 was released in 1975 as the first personal computer. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of this week’s special, guest host Tonya Mosley also walks through the museum with technology journalist and internet safety advocate \u003ca href=\"http://www.larrysworld.com/about/\">Larry Magid\u003c/a>, to talk about our evolving standards for privacy and security online.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The year 1993 was a watershed for the internet. It was the year developers of the web at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (French acronym CERN) made it open and free to everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also the year that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsa.illinois.edu/enabling/mosaic\">Mosaic\u003c/a>, the first general-use internet browser, was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-five years later, the internet has become one of the most important tools in our lives, so much so that it feels strange to call it a “thing.” Our digital lives allow us to communicate and connect like never before, but it has also opened up a Pandora’s box of complicated ethical issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What better place to muse on how technology has changed our lives than the \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerhistory.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Computer History Museum\u003c/a> in Mountain View, California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Silicon Valley tech team — senior editor Tonya Mosley and reporters Peter Jon Shuler and Sam Harnett — visited the museum for this week’s show to take us back in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665625/virtual-worlds-reassessing-our-tech-predictions-25-years-later\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Virtual Worlds: Reassessing Our Tech Predictions 25 Years Later\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680550\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11680550\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"In one of AT&T's "You Will" commercials from 1993, a man remotely attends a business meeting via his laptop at the beach -- something barely imaginable at the time.\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-800x546.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-1020x696.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-1200x819.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-1180x806.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-960x656.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/ATTYouWill-520x355.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In one of AT&T’s “You Will” commercials from 1993, a man remotely attends a business meeting via his laptop at the beach — something barely imaginable at the time. \u003ccite>(YouTube)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Along with colleague Rachael Myrow, the team investigated how our first experiences of this “futuristic” technology from a quarter-century ago have evolved to present day. That series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665625/virtual-worlds-reassessing-our-tech-predictions-25-years-later\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Virtual Worlds\u003c/a>, revisits KQED’s reporting from 1993.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first story in the series re-examines 25-year-old tech predictions about the dangers of feeling tied to technology, and futuristic ads showing people buying concert tickets from an ATM machine, making video calls from a pay phone and sending their beach messages through a fax.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665181/the-internet-really-did-lead-to-an-explosion-of-creative-content-good-bad-and-ugly\">The Internet Really Did Lead to an Explosion of Creative Content: Good, Bad and Ugly\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680272\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11680272\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-800x640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-800x640.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-1020x816.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-960x768.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-240x192.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-375x300.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/AHCF_circus-1180x944-520x416.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Halo Called Fred enjoys the first coverage it’s received on KQED since 1993. Brushwood Thicket Farmer (left); Geverend Dee (top center); Queenie (right); Tiny (bottom center). \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Scott Levine/FotoPlex)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in 1993, there were new ideas about how the internet could let you pay for content you like (and \u003cem>get paid\u003c/em> for making your own content!).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We revisit just how that has played out 25 years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665681/innovation-in-east-oakland-the-realities-of-keeping-up-outside-of-silicon-valleys-bubble\">Innovation in East Oakland: The Realities of Keeping Up Outside of Silicon Valley’s Bubble\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680274\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11680274\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FremontStudentsWorking-e1525383096344-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students in the Media Academy at Fremont High School in East Oakland work on a solution for a community problem using virtual reality. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Twenty-five years ago, students at Fremont High School in East Oakland were learning all about how to use the latest technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even back then, teachers were questioning whether they were creating passive consumers or active creators of tech. We revisit East Oakland to let see if anything has changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Online Privacy … a Thing of the Past?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11679803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11679803 size-medium\" style=\"font-weight: bold;background-color: transparent;color: #767676\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-1020x1361.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-1180x1574.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-960x1281.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31750_IMG_3549-qut-520x694.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Altair 8800 was released in 1975 as the first personal computer. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of this week’s special, guest host Tonya Mosley also walks through the museum with technology journalist and internet safety advocate \u003ca href=\"http://www.larrysworld.com/about/\">Larry Magid\u003c/a>, to talk about our evolving standards for privacy and security online.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "the-female-orgasm-comes-quietly-to-the-streets-of-san-francisco",
"title": "The Female Orgasm Comes (Quietly) to the Streets of San Francisco",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]Y[/dropcap]ou can see it almost a block away: the word “orgasm” in gigantic letters on a San Francisco bus shelter. Although a seeming milestone in the world of outdoor advertising, it’s not at all clear what’s being sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The product in question is a “smart” vibrator called the Lioness — a cross between a sex toy and a fitness tracker that produces data synced to a smartphone app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People can use this to figure out what works for them and what doesn’t,” said Liz Klinger, CEO and co-founder of \u003ca href=\"https://lioness.io/\">Lioness,\u003c/a> a women’s sexual health company. “You can tweak it to your heart’s content.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My first encounter with Klinger and Lioness co-founder James Wang was in the basement of Sutardja Dai Hall on the UC Berkeley campus in February 2015. An editor at California Magazine had asked me to do \u003ca href=\"https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/just-in/2015-03-18/orgasm-app-uc-berkeley-nurtured-tech-team-launches-its-smart\">a story about the venture,\u003c/a> then known as SmartBod, which was developing the vibrator with the help of a Cal technology incubator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than three years later, the startup is located in an airy office near Jack London Square in Oakland, occupied by seven full-time employees and three interns. The firm started shipping the vibrator in August 2017. Klinger said that they’ve sold more than 1,000 of the $229 devices and Lioness is on target to be profitable this year or next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680239\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11680239 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ad for a Lioness “smart” vibrator was installed on June 18 on Pacific Avenue at Hyde Street in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Patricia Yollin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Lioness, which belongs to the “rabbit” genre of vibrator made famous in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=12&v=o-RozcHd08k&has_verified=1\">a 1998 “Sex and the City” episode,\u003c/a> provides biofeedback on one’s sessions and measures many aspects of sexual pleasure, including how long it takes to have an orgasm, its duration and its intensity. Much like with a Fitbit, Klinger said, users can track their experiences and experiment in a structured way — and there are lots of software updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Users have ranged from women in their mid-20s to an 86-year-old. Some are Silicon Valley types — the “quantified selfers,” Klinger said — but many Lioness buyers are from Texas, Utah, the Midwest and the Deep South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of people who have questions about sex,” she said. “This is a way to observe things about yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klinger has noticed how, in her case, the data change based on such variables as alcohol, porn, stress, menstrual cycle, using the vibrator with a partner and, on 4/20, edible cannabis, which produced more forceful vibrations than she’d ever experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were these peaks that would not stop,” Klinger said, as she held up her smartphone to illustrate the point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680243\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11680243 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Liz Klinger, co-founder and CEO of Lioness, shows the app that is used with the company’s “smart” vibrator, lying on the table, at the company’s office near Jack London Square in Oakland \u003ccite>(Patricia Yollin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company has won numerous awards, including second place at the South by Southwest 2014 Business Idea Challenge, and appeared at a pop-up at this year’s Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. Still, there are easier things in life than marketing an object like the Lioness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘So Many Restrictions’ on Getting Word Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were thinking of ways to get the word out,” Klinger said. “There are so many restrictions on this. So we started thinking of outdoor ads. A billboard on (U.S.) 101 would be great, but bus shelter ads are good for our budget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After prolonged negotiations between Lioness and Clear Channel Outdoor advertising company, the ads went up June 18 at 10 San Francisco bus shelters, mostly on or near Nob Hill, where they’ll be on display for about a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were many hurdles: Ad copy was scrupulously edited, the words “vibrator” and “vagina” were forbidden — although “orgasm” somehow made the cut — and a full picture of the device was not allowed. All three versions of the ad have the same background: a chart of pelvic-floor vibrations during an orgasm, captured with the Lioness app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll only recognize it if you’re in the know,” said Klinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But isn’t that a problem? When is an advertisement so subtle that the message becomes impenetrable?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the ads went up, Klinger said, San Francisco traffic on the Lioness website has quadrupled. But on a Friday morning visit to five of the ads, I didn’t find a single person who could figure out what was being sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680246\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11680246 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1836\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-160x153.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-800x765.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-1020x975.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-1200x1148.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-1180x1128.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-960x918.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-240x230.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-375x359.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-520x497.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This ad for a Lioness “smart” vibrator occupies a bus shelter on Pacific Avenue at Polk Street in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Patricia Yollin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Jackson at Van Ness, professional driver Dawayne Baker contemplated an ad that said “Come For Fun, Stay For Data” and showed part of the gray silicone vibrator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Probably it’s a bunch of females running a startup,” he speculated. When he found out that the product was a smart vibrator, he laughed. “I would never have known that. This is way in left field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Pacific at Polk, Katarina Kauftheil was equally mystified by the same Lioness ad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not really sure. Maybe it’s an awareness ad. Or something for a feminist website. But it’s too discreet,” said Kauftheil, a student at the Academy of Art who sits next to the ad most days while she’s waiting for the inbound 12-Folsom. She admitted she’d been “intrigued” by the words at the bottom: “Revolutionizing the way we approach female sexuality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, had she checked out the Lioness website, since its address was right under that slogan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No. I guess I wasn’t intrigued enough,” said Kauftheil. After learning what the ad was about, she added, “I don’t think you equate vibrators with data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two blocks east, “Good Vibes, Better Data” didn’t get a glance. Even the most blatant of the ads, “Redefining Orgasm,” failed to attract much attention — not unlike bus shelter ads for 24 Hour Fitness, the SPCA, Super Lotto and Alaska Airlines, featuring Kevin Durant. Instead, passers-by were fixated on \u003cem>other\u003c/em> devices and oblivious to their surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the southeast corner of Clay and Leavenworth, a restaurant worker who gave his name only as Tran couldn’t make sense of the orgasm ad. “I think it’s how to get high with sex,” he finally decided. “But people don’t have time to think about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ads for vibrators are nothing new. The object debuted as a home medical appliance in 1899 and showed up in magazine advertisements by 1904. Fourteen years later, an ad in a Sears Roebuck catalog — for “aids that every woman appreciates” — described a $5.95 device as “very useful and satisfactory for home service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Part of the Neighborhood’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Klinger believes the presence of Lioness ads on the streets of San Francisco has broken new ground. A few days after the ads were installed, she went into the city to check them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One was right by CVS and Trader Joe’s and in a normal-looking area,” she recalled. “I went, ‘Oh my God, I never thought this would happen.’ It’s a great feeling. You’re part of the neighborhood, where people are getting prescriptions or groceries. Even if it’s subtle, you’re being treated in the same way as everyone else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ads for formerly taboo subjects like marijuana have popped up on buses and billboards. Commercials for erectile dysfunction remedies are all over TV. But even though women’s bodies have been used to advertise all kinds of things for decades, Klinger said, it’s still challenging to find ways to publicize products designed for female pleasure. Unbound, a company that sells sex toys for women, discovered that earlier this year when the MTA in New York City initially \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/17/nyregion/subway-sex-toy-ads-mta.html\">rejected its subway ad campaign,\u003c/a> claiming it violated rules against obscenity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clear Channel makes the final decisions on bus shelter advertisements, based on the approved ad policy of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, said SFMTA spokesman Paul Rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have not received complaints or feedback” about the Lioness ads, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Lioness marketing manager Corinne Santoro wrote, “Clear Channel was very willing to work with us to find a way to make this successful, which was very refreshing. It did seem clear, however, that they didn’t have a lot of experience working with subject matter like ours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There didn’t appear to be any actual guidelines, Santoro said, and Clear Channel had to approve everything internally to make sure the ads complied with “community standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Interestingly, they had absolutely no problem with including the orgasm data,” said Santoro. “They figured, correctly, that very few would actually be able to identify it for what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11680249 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-1020x816.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-1020x816.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-800x640.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-1200x960.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-1180x944.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-960x768.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-240x192.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-375x300.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-520x416.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The team from Lioness, a women’s sexual health company in Oakland, visits Dolores Park in San Francisco on Gay Pride weekend on June 23, 2018. James Wang, far left, and Liz Klinger, far right, are the firm’s co-founders, with a human version of the Lioness vibrator in the middle. It was 88 degrees. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Lioness)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"title": "The Female Orgasm Comes (Quietly) to the Streets of San Francisco | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">Y\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ou can see it almost a block away: the word “orgasm” in gigantic letters on a San Francisco bus shelter. Although a seeming milestone in the world of outdoor advertising, it’s not at all clear what’s being sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The product in question is a “smart” vibrator called the Lioness — a cross between a sex toy and a fitness tracker that produces data synced to a smartphone app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People can use this to figure out what works for them and what doesn’t,” said Liz Klinger, CEO and co-founder of \u003ca href=\"https://lioness.io/\">Lioness,\u003c/a> a women’s sexual health company. “You can tweak it to your heart’s content.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My first encounter with Klinger and Lioness co-founder James Wang was in the basement of Sutardja Dai Hall on the UC Berkeley campus in February 2015. An editor at California Magazine had asked me to do \u003ca href=\"https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/just-in/2015-03-18/orgasm-app-uc-berkeley-nurtured-tech-team-launches-its-smart\">a story about the venture,\u003c/a> then known as SmartBod, which was developing the vibrator with the help of a Cal technology incubator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than three years later, the startup is located in an airy office near Jack London Square in Oakland, occupied by seven full-time employees and three interns. The firm started shipping the vibrator in August 2017. Klinger said that they’ve sold more than 1,000 of the $229 devices and Lioness is on target to be profitable this year or next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680239\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11680239 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31784_vibrator-vibes-qut-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An ad for a Lioness “smart” vibrator was installed on June 18 on Pacific Avenue at Hyde Street in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Patricia Yollin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Lioness, which belongs to the “rabbit” genre of vibrator made famous in \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=12&v=o-RozcHd08k&has_verified=1\">a 1998 “Sex and the City” episode,\u003c/a> provides biofeedback on one’s sessions and measures many aspects of sexual pleasure, including how long it takes to have an orgasm, its duration and its intensity. Much like with a Fitbit, Klinger said, users can track their experiences and experiment in a structured way — and there are lots of software updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Users have ranged from women in their mid-20s to an 86-year-old. Some are Silicon Valley types — the “quantified selfers,” Klinger said — but many Lioness buyers are from Texas, Utah, the Midwest and the Deep South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of people who have questions about sex,” she said. “This is a way to observe things about yourself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klinger has noticed how, in her case, the data change based on such variables as alcohol, porn, stress, menstrual cycle, using the vibrator with a partner and, on 4/20, edible cannabis, which produced more forceful vibrations than she’d ever experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were these peaks that would not stop,” Klinger said, as she held up her smartphone to illustrate the point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680243\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11680243 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31787_alt_766-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Liz Klinger, co-founder and CEO of Lioness, shows the app that is used with the company’s “smart” vibrator, lying on the table, at the company’s office near Jack London Square in Oakland \u003ccite>(Patricia Yollin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company has won numerous awards, including second place at the South by Southwest 2014 Business Idea Challenge, and appeared at a pop-up at this year’s Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. Still, there are easier things in life than marketing an object like the Lioness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘So Many Restrictions’ on Getting Word Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were thinking of ways to get the word out,” Klinger said. “There are so many restrictions on this. So we started thinking of outdoor ads. A billboard on (U.S.) 101 would be great, but bus shelter ads are good for our budget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After prolonged negotiations between Lioness and Clear Channel Outdoor advertising company, the ads went up June 18 at 10 San Francisco bus shelters, mostly on or near Nob Hill, where they’ll be on display for about a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were many hurdles: Ad copy was scrupulously edited, the words “vibrator” and “vagina” were forbidden — although “orgasm” somehow made the cut — and a full picture of the device was not allowed. All three versions of the ad have the same background: a chart of pelvic-floor vibrations during an orgasm, captured with the Lioness app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll only recognize it if you’re in the know,” said Klinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But isn’t that a problem? When is an advertisement so subtle that the message becomes impenetrable?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the ads went up, Klinger said, San Francisco traffic on the Lioness website has quadrupled. But on a Friday morning visit to five of the ads, I didn’t find a single person who could figure out what was being sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680246\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11680246 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1836\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-160x153.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-800x765.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-1020x975.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-1200x1148.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-1180x1128.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-960x918.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-240x230.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-375x359.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-520x497.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/RS31785_vibrator-data-qut-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This ad for a Lioness “smart” vibrator occupies a bus shelter on Pacific Avenue at Polk Street in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Patricia Yollin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Jackson at Van Ness, professional driver Dawayne Baker contemplated an ad that said “Come For Fun, Stay For Data” and showed part of the gray silicone vibrator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Probably it’s a bunch of females running a startup,” he speculated. When he found out that the product was a smart vibrator, he laughed. “I would never have known that. This is way in left field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Pacific at Polk, Katarina Kauftheil was equally mystified by the same Lioness ad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not really sure. Maybe it’s an awareness ad. Or something for a feminist website. But it’s too discreet,” said Kauftheil, a student at the Academy of Art who sits next to the ad most days while she’s waiting for the inbound 12-Folsom. She admitted she’d been “intrigued” by the words at the bottom: “Revolutionizing the way we approach female sexuality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, had she checked out the Lioness website, since its address was right under that slogan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No. I guess I wasn’t intrigued enough,” said Kauftheil. After learning what the ad was about, she added, “I don’t think you equate vibrators with data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two blocks east, “Good Vibes, Better Data” didn’t get a glance. Even the most blatant of the ads, “Redefining Orgasm,” failed to attract much attention — not unlike bus shelter ads for 24 Hour Fitness, the SPCA, Super Lotto and Alaska Airlines, featuring Kevin Durant. Instead, passers-by were fixated on \u003cem>other\u003c/em> devices and oblivious to their surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the southeast corner of Clay and Leavenworth, a restaurant worker who gave his name only as Tran couldn’t make sense of the orgasm ad. “I think it’s how to get high with sex,” he finally decided. “But people don’t have time to think about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ads for vibrators are nothing new. The object debuted as a home medical appliance in 1899 and showed up in magazine advertisements by 1904. Fourteen years later, an ad in a Sears Roebuck catalog — for “aids that every woman appreciates” — described a $5.95 device as “very useful and satisfactory for home service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Part of the Neighborhood’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Klinger believes the presence of Lioness ads on the streets of San Francisco has broken new ground. A few days after the ads were installed, she went into the city to check them out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One was right by CVS and Trader Joe’s and in a normal-looking area,” she recalled. “I went, ‘Oh my God, I never thought this would happen.’ It’s a great feeling. You’re part of the neighborhood, where people are getting prescriptions or groceries. Even if it’s subtle, you’re being treated in the same way as everyone else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ads for formerly taboo subjects like marijuana have popped up on buses and billboards. Commercials for erectile dysfunction remedies are all over TV. But even though women’s bodies have been used to advertise all kinds of things for decades, Klinger said, it’s still challenging to find ways to publicize products designed for female pleasure. Unbound, a company that sells sex toys for women, discovered that earlier this year when the MTA in New York City initially \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/17/nyregion/subway-sex-toy-ads-mta.html\">rejected its subway ad campaign,\u003c/a> claiming it violated rules against obscenity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clear Channel makes the final decisions on bus shelter advertisements, based on the approved ad policy of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, said SFMTA spokesman Paul Rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have not received complaints or feedback” about the Lioness ads, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email, Lioness marketing manager Corinne Santoro wrote, “Clear Channel was very willing to work with us to find a way to make this successful, which was very refreshing. It did seem clear, however, that they didn’t have a lot of experience working with subject matter like ours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There didn’t appear to be any actual guidelines, Santoro said, and Clear Channel had to approve everything internally to make sure the ads complied with “community standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Interestingly, they had absolutely no problem with including the orgasm data,” said Santoro. “They figured, correctly, that very few would actually be able to identify it for what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11680249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11680249 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-1020x816.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-1020x816.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-800x640.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-1200x960.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-1180x944.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-960x768.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-240x192.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-375x300.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park-520x416.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/vibrator-dolores-park.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The team from Lioness, a women’s sexual health company in Oakland, visits Dolores Park in San Francisco on Gay Pride weekend on June 23, 2018. James Wang, far left, and Liz Klinger, far right, are the firm’s co-founders, with a human version of the Lioness vibrator in the middle. It was 88 degrees. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Lioness)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook has released its fifth annual diversity report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot? Since 2014, there have been slight gains in the number of women in technical roles, up from 15 to 22 percent. During the same time period, the number of women in leadership roles has grown from 23 to 30 percent. Facebook also reports that within the last five years, the company has nearly doubled the number of women graduates hired in software engineering, from 16 to 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, when it comes to recruiting black and Hispanic talent in technical roles and leadership, Facebook remains flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a question of exposure and it’s a question of training. We know there is no deficit in ability,” says Maxine Williams, head of global diversity for Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11679943\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11679943\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Tonya Mosley of KQED, left, chats with Maxine Williams, head of global diversity at Facebook. The company's 2018 Diversity Report shows gains for women, but the workforce is still very white.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-1920x1438.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-520x389.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tonya Mosley of KQED, left, chats with Maxine Williams, head of global diversity at Facebook. The company’s 2018 Diversity Report shows gains for women, but the workforce is still very white. \u003ccite>(Anthony Harrison)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Williams says many colleges and universities, particularly historically black colleges, focus heavily on aspects of computer engineering that are not priorities for the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we look for are people who are very good in two specific subjects: data structures and algorithms,” says Williams. “I’ve been to many schools where they’re graduating 100 percent of people in their STEM subjects or even in computer science, but they they’re not teaching those subjects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says Facebook has created several initiatives to combat this problem, including working with computer science professors as well as sending Facebook engineers to teach at historically black schools and historically Hispanic schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics like civil rights leader Jesse Jackson believe that what companies like Facebook need to do is change its diversity metrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to take stock of what has been done; what has worked and what hasn’t,” wrote Jackson in a letter obtained by \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/04/02/jesse-jackson-apple-amazon-facebook-google-redouble-diversity-efforts/474543002/\">USA Today\u003c/a> in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Companies must set specific, quantifiable diversity and inclusion goals, targets and timetables. Without them, the ability to measure and be accountable for progress will be difficult,” Jackson wrote in the letter, which was addressed to Facebook, Amazon, Google and Apple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says Facebook is trying different ways to bring in and retain minority employees. One approach it’s using is making certain the company interviews candidates from diverse backgrounds for every opening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you do something like that it creates a whole different muscle in your organization, where this becomes embedded as part of what we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says there is no magic number when it comes to determining if Facebook is diverse enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have more work to do. We are so far away from the world’s representation — 87 percent or so of the people who use Facebook are not in North America,” Williams says. “Think about what the world looks like. It is such an incredibly diverse space. But what we have a responsibility to be is more diverse, more perspectives, more people who can reflect that diversity in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/careers/diversity-report\">here \u003c/a>for a full look at Facebook’s 2018 Diversity Report.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook has released its fifth annual diversity report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot? Since 2014, there have been slight gains in the number of women in technical roles, up from 15 to 22 percent. During the same time period, the number of women in leadership roles has grown from 23 to 30 percent. Facebook also reports that within the last five years, the company has nearly doubled the number of women graduates hired in software engineering, from 16 to 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, when it comes to recruiting black and Hispanic talent in technical roles and leadership, Facebook remains flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a question of exposure and it’s a question of training. We know there is no deficit in ability,” says Maxine Williams, head of global diversity for Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11679943\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11679943\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Tonya Mosley of KQED, left, chats with Maxine Williams, head of global diversity at Facebook. The company's 2018 Diversity Report shows gains for women, but the workforce is still very white.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-1200x899.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-1920x1438.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/FullSizeRender-2-520x389.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tonya Mosley of KQED, left, chats with Maxine Williams, head of global diversity at Facebook. The company’s 2018 Diversity Report shows gains for women, but the workforce is still very white. \u003ccite>(Anthony Harrison)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Williams says many colleges and universities, particularly historically black colleges, focus heavily on aspects of computer engineering that are not priorities for the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we look for are people who are very good in two specific subjects: data structures and algorithms,” says Williams. “I’ve been to many schools where they’re graduating 100 percent of people in their STEM subjects or even in computer science, but they they’re not teaching those subjects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says Facebook has created several initiatives to combat this problem, including working with computer science professors as well as sending Facebook engineers to teach at historically black schools and historically Hispanic schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics like civil rights leader Jesse Jackson believe that what companies like Facebook need to do is change its diversity metrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to take stock of what has been done; what has worked and what hasn’t,” wrote Jackson in a letter obtained by \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2018/04/02/jesse-jackson-apple-amazon-facebook-google-redouble-diversity-efforts/474543002/\">USA Today\u003c/a> in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Companies must set specific, quantifiable diversity and inclusion goals, targets and timetables. Without them, the ability to measure and be accountable for progress will be difficult,” Jackson wrote in the letter, which was addressed to Facebook, Amazon, Google and Apple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says Facebook is trying different ways to bring in and retain minority employees. One approach it’s using is making certain the company interviews candidates from diverse backgrounds for every opening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you do something like that it creates a whole different muscle in your organization, where this becomes embedded as part of what we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says there is no magic number when it comes to determining if Facebook is diverse enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have more work to do. We are so far away from the world’s representation — 87 percent or so of the people who use Facebook are not in North America,” Williams says. “Think about what the world looks like. It is such an incredibly diverse space. But what we have a responsibility to be is more diverse, more perspectives, more people who can reflect that diversity in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/careers/diversity-report\">here \u003c/a>for a full look at Facebook’s 2018 Diversity Report.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'It's Like a Tax for Living in East Palo Alto': Life in a Bank Desert",
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"headTitle": "‘It’s Like a Tax for Living in East Palo Alto’: Life in a Bank Desert | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>One of the most popular places in East Palo Alto isn’t a restaurant, a park or a community gathering space. It’s a Bank of America ATM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This machine, outside the East Palo Alto Government Center, is the only major bank presence in East Palo Alto, a city of nearly 30,000 residents. Maria Avilar is a regular customer of the ATM. “When it’s broke, I have to go to Redwood City or Palo Alto to take out money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Redwood City and Palo Alto are only a few miles away, depending on the traffic, the drive can take anywhere from 15 minutes to an hour. There is a San Mateo Credit Union in the city, but resident Mark Dinan believes there should be more choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Money is kind of the foundation of the American economy and to not have access to banking is really bad,” he says. Dinan owns his own business and uses Wells Fargo for banking — the closest branch and ATM is 2 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean yes, of course you have the option of using another ATM and paying a fee, but that’s almost like a tax for living in East Palo Alto, which I don’t think is right,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dinan says he has been asking Wells Fargo for years now to set up a branch office or ATM in East Palo Alto. So far, he hasn’t gotten a response. This summer, he decided to start an online petition, which he reads aloud:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call on Wells Fargo to both provide ATMs and a branch office in East Palo Alto, and to give the same level of service to residents of East Palo Alto that is provided to residents in Palo Alto, Menlo Park and other neighboring communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we contacted Wells Fargo about the petition, they sent us this statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continuously evaluate our branch network, and our physical distribution strategy is driven by customer behavior. While branches continue to be important in serving our customers’ needs, our investment in digital has also enabled us to seamlessly serve our customers online and in our mobile apps, and their growing usage of mobile banking for their day-to-day banking needs continues to reduce transactions in our branches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t always this way in East Palo Alto. Residents like Eric Cody remember when there was a Bank of America where the McDonald’s now sits on University Avenue. And in 2011, the only remaining bank branch, California Bank & Trust, closed. According to news \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2011/06/01/east-palo-altos-only-bank-to-close-in-august/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> at the time, the bank was unable to turn a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Maeve Elise Brown, executive director of Housing and Economic Rights Advocates, says in the case of Wells Fargo, they’re missing the point. Having a presence in a community, she says, is just as important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the same as having a banker who knows you personally, based on knowledge about who you are and how you function in the community and wants to extend you credit. Not just, “Hey this person deposited $5,000 a month for the last year,’ “she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is reflected, Brown believes, in the lack of mortgages that black and Latino people have applied for and are granted in East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A search through a \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/hmda/explore#filters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">database\u003c/a> maintained by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found that in the last four years only about 33 of the more than 400 mortgages issued in the city have been granted to black and Hispanic borrowers, a population that makes up about 80 percent of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of banking options, says Brown, is a holdover from the region’s racist past — when segregation and redlining were pervasive. In 2000, for instance, the city filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/news/2000_Feb_18.LAWSUIT.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a lawsuit\u003c/a> alleging that American Savings Bank had illegally discriminated against East Palo Alto residents on the basis of race. America Savings Bank later \u003ca href=\"https://fairhousing.com/news-archive/advocate/2002/california-bank-pays-206000-and-establishes-7-million-credit-line-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settled the lawsuit with the city.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says one damaging impact of living in a bank desert is that, when there aren’t bank branches around, people are forced to find other options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen payday lenders and other high-cost lenders who make themselves immediately available by being physically present in communities,” Brown says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a Pew Charitable Trust \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/pcs_assets/2012/pewpaydaylendingreportpdf.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>, the average payday loan borrower spends more than $500 a year just on interest. Resident Mark Dinan says all of this is perplexing in a city that’s now booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of bizarre. I mean look at a map,” Dinan says. “We have Four Seasons, we have Target. We have two Starbucks, we have IKEA, Home Depot. Any of these places could have an ATM inside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few dozen people have signed Dinan’s petition, and others have shown support on Facebook. It’s time that East Palo Alto, he says, be given the same options as its neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the most popular places in East Palo Alto isn’t a restaurant, a park or a community gathering space. It’s a Bank of America ATM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This machine, outside the East Palo Alto Government Center, is the only major bank presence in East Palo Alto, a city of nearly 30,000 residents. Maria Avilar is a regular customer of the ATM. “When it’s broke, I have to go to Redwood City or Palo Alto to take out money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though Redwood City and Palo Alto are only a few miles away, depending on the traffic, the drive can take anywhere from 15 minutes to an hour. There is a San Mateo Credit Union in the city, but resident Mark Dinan believes there should be more choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Money is kind of the foundation of the American economy and to not have access to banking is really bad,” he says. Dinan owns his own business and uses Wells Fargo for banking — the closest branch and ATM is 2 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean yes, of course you have the option of using another ATM and paying a fee, but that’s almost like a tax for living in East Palo Alto, which I don’t think is right,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dinan says he has been asking Wells Fargo for years now to set up a branch office or ATM in East Palo Alto. So far, he hasn’t gotten a response. This summer, he decided to start an online petition, which he reads aloud:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We call on Wells Fargo to both provide ATMs and a branch office in East Palo Alto, and to give the same level of service to residents of East Palo Alto that is provided to residents in Palo Alto, Menlo Park and other neighboring communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we contacted Wells Fargo about the petition, they sent us this statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continuously evaluate our branch network, and our physical distribution strategy is driven by customer behavior. While branches continue to be important in serving our customers’ needs, our investment in digital has also enabled us to seamlessly serve our customers online and in our mobile apps, and their growing usage of mobile banking for their day-to-day banking needs continues to reduce transactions in our branches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t always this way in East Palo Alto. Residents like Eric Cody remember when there was a Bank of America where the McDonald’s now sits on University Avenue. And in 2011, the only remaining bank branch, California Bank & Trust, closed. According to news \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2011/06/01/east-palo-altos-only-bank-to-close-in-august/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> at the time, the bank was unable to turn a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Maeve Elise Brown, executive director of Housing and Economic Rights Advocates, says in the case of Wells Fargo, they’re missing the point. Having a presence in a community, she says, is just as important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not the same as having a banker who knows you personally, based on knowledge about who you are and how you function in the community and wants to extend you credit. Not just, “Hey this person deposited $5,000 a month for the last year,’ “she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is reflected, Brown believes, in the lack of mortgages that black and Latino people have applied for and are granted in East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A search through a \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/hmda/explore#filters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">database\u003c/a> maintained by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found that in the last four years only about 33 of the more than 400 mortgages issued in the city have been granted to black and Hispanic borrowers, a population that makes up about 80 percent of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of banking options, says Brown, is a holdover from the region’s racist past — when segregation and redlining were pervasive. In 2000, for instance, the city filed \u003ca href=\"https://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morgue/news/2000_Feb_18.LAWSUIT.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a lawsuit\u003c/a> alleging that American Savings Bank had illegally discriminated against East Palo Alto residents on the basis of race. America Savings Bank later \u003ca href=\"https://fairhousing.com/news-archive/advocate/2002/california-bank-pays-206000-and-establishes-7-million-credit-line-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settled the lawsuit with the city.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says one damaging impact of living in a bank desert is that, when there aren’t bank branches around, people are forced to find other options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen payday lenders and other high-cost lenders who make themselves immediately available by being physically present in communities,” Brown says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a Pew Charitable Trust \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/pcs_assets/2012/pewpaydaylendingreportpdf.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a>, the average payday loan borrower spends more than $500 a year just on interest. Resident Mark Dinan says all of this is perplexing in a city that’s now booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of bizarre. I mean look at a map,” Dinan says. “We have Four Seasons, we have Target. We have two Starbucks, we have IKEA, Home Depot. Any of these places could have an ATM inside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few dozen people have signed Dinan’s petition, and others have shown support on Facebook. It’s time that East Palo Alto, he says, be given the same options as its neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>#TechWontBuildIt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the theme of two unprecedented meetings earlier this week in San Francisco and Seattle. Tech workers, including engineers and programmers, gathered for a forum put on by the labor advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://techworkerscoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tech Workers Coalition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meeting in San Francisco was standing room only. More than 100 tech workers from both small companies and major corporations like Google and Facebook talked about how to organize, challenge their powerful employers and stop the companies they work for from creating products and services they find unethical. This meeting was the latest in what is becoming a rising wave of tech worker activism and protests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the dissatisfaction from tech employees has taken the form of open letters to CEOs and board members. Employees at Google \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11668872/google-employees-quit-in-protest-over-military-artificial-intelligence-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently spoke out\u003c/a> against work on military drones. The company later decided not to renew its contract with the U.S. Department of Defense. Salesforce and Microsoft workers are currently criticizing \u003ca href=\"http://blog.executivebiz.com/2018/03/cbp-to-adopt-salesforce-cloud-analytics-tech-platforms-dave-rey-comments/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">contracts with immigration agencies\u003c/a> like U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the workers at this latest meeting were fearful to talk to media and would do so only if reporters agreed to anonymity. Many of them said they were forced to sign agreements that prevent them from talking directly to the media. One worker said he had once spoken to the media, and afterward was told by his company that he would be fired if he did so again. He has since hired a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers at the meeting said that fear of harsh reprisals by major tech companies has kept many employees from speaking their mind or organizing across companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tech Workers Coalition, which hosted the meeting, began as a support organization helping service workers like bus drivers and cafeteria workers on tech campuses \u003ca href=\"https://blog.sfgate.com/techchron/2015/02/23/facebook-bus-drivers-unanimously-approve-union-contract/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unionize and secure contracts with higher wages and benefits\u003c/a>. The thought was that tech companies would take the demands of service workers far more seriously if engineers and programmers on staff showed solidarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coalition has now evolved into an advocacy and resource group to empower tech workers who want more say in what their employers build and who they work with. It is a loose group of workers with no central organizer. Those in the group actively avoid using the word “founders” because of negative associations with what they call the capitalist-driven ethos that has become pervasive in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the meeting, tech workers discussed how venture capitalists and board members bent on increasing profits are leading big tech companies to unethical decisions. Several times workers referred to \u003ca href=\"https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/black-ibm.html?mcubz=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IBM’s infamous collaboration with Nazi Germany\u003c/a>. The company won a bid to provide technology that helped the Nazis classify, organize and murder Jews. Tech workers at the meeting spoke about the leverage that they have as engineers to stop powerful tools from being built for those who would abuse them. Hence the slogan: #TechWontBuildIt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One woman organizer involved with the Tech Workers Coalition said she had never before seen something like this in the industry. Another tech worker came in the middle of the meeting with his wife and an infant strapped to his chest in a Baby Bjorn. He’d heard about the coalition from a colleague at work. He said he couldn’t give his name for fear of reprisal from his employer, but he said he was happy to see something like this was finally happening in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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