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"content": "\u003cp>An Alameda County Superior Court judge on Friday ruled against a homeless mother who moved into an empty West Oakland home and directed sheriff's officials to enforce an eviction within five days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Patrick R. McKinney ordered Dominique Walker to immediately vacate the property along with others in the house, including members of the group Moms 4 Housing. But Walker said she and the other women aren’t going anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here. And we’re not leaving,” she told media and supporters outside the home Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKinney said Walker has no valid rights of possession to the home on Magnolia Street, which is owned by Redondo Beach-based real estate investment group Wedgewood Properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, McKinney said “the court recognizes the importance of these issues, but, as raised in connection with Ms. Walker’s claim of right to possession, finds that they are outside the scope of this proceeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11795616\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11795616\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dominique Walker with Moms 4 Housing speaks to media and supporters outside 2928 Magnolia Street, a vacant house that she has lived in without permission from the owner since Nov. 18, 2019. \u003ccite>(Molly Solomon/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walker, 34, and other mothers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11787750/two-homeless-moms-occupy-vacant-house-to-protest-oakland-housing-crisis\">began occupying the three-bedroom home on Magnolia Street in November\u003c/a> to avoid living on the streets. The mothers said the house had been vacant for two years, and that they were acting partly in protest against speculators buying up properties in the Bay Area and leaving them empty amid a growing homelessness crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Dominique Walker, Moms 4 Housing']'Today is not a defeat. This is the beginning of a movement.'[/pullquote]The Alameda County Sheriff’s Office said it plans to enforce the court's eviction order. Spokesman Sgt. Ray Kelly said the department has offered to discuss alternative housing solutions with the mothers, but its offer for a sit-down conversation was rejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not appear that they are willing to meet us halfway,” said Kelly. “They have decided that they are staying put and are wanting to take this case to the end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKinney has been considering the ruling since he heard oral arguments \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11793299/moms-4-housing-in-oakland-vow-to-fight-potential-eviction\">Dec. 30\u003c/a>. Attorneys for Walker argued that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11793704/west-oakland-housing-human-right-moms4housing\">housing is a human right\u003c/a>, and that if the moms were evicted, their constitutional rights would be severely impacted. The judge had previously made a tentative ruling in favor of Wedgewood. At the December hearing, he had expressed doubts that the courtroom was the right venue to hear these arguments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Justice is served,” Sam Singer, a Wedgewood spokesman, said in a statement. “The court’s ruling is the correct legal, moral and ethical judgment against the squatters that broke in and illegally occupied the company’s home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Sam Singer, a Wedgewood spokesman']'The court’s ruling is the correct legal, moral and ethical judgment against the squatters that broke in and illegally occupied the company’s home.'[/pullquote]Despite the judge’s ruling against her, Walker intends to keep fighting for her right to housing. And, she said, she won’t stop until every person experiencing homelessness has shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today is not a defeat,” she said. “This is the beginning of a movement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Leah Simon-Weisberg, who is representing Walker, said they weren't surprised by the ruling: “We understand that the court's hands are tied because in this country, property rights are valued over human rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is why the California Constitution needs to be amended to include the right to housing,\" she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moms 4 Housing has gained support from California lawmakers and Oakland city officials, including City Councilmembers Rebecca Kaplan and Nikki Fortunato Bas. On Monday, Fortunato Bas said the offer was still on the table for Wedgewood to sell the home to the Oakland Community Land Trust, which would allow the women to stay in the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunato Bas said she intends to bring forward policy changes to shine a light on real estate speculators, like Wedgewood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am working with my colleagues inside City Hall to explore what we can do in terms of systemic policy that will hold accountable the corporate speculators that are leaving these homes vacant,” said Fortunato Bas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"moms-4-housing\"]Carroll Fife, director of the group Alliance of Californians for Community Empowerment, urged supporters to stand alongside Walker when the sheriff’s office comes to evict her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put your bodies on the line like these mothers are putting their bodies on the line for all of us,” Fife told the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of Moms 4 Housing plan to meet outside the house to protect Walker from eviction, and possibly risk arrests, starting at 6:30 a.m. on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An Alameda County Superior Court judge on Friday ruled against a homeless mother who moved into an empty West Oakland home and directed sheriff's officials to enforce an eviction within five days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Patrick R. McKinney ordered Dominique Walker to immediately vacate the property along with others in the house, including members of the group Moms 4 Housing. But Walker said she and the other women aren’t going anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here. And we’re not leaving,” she told media and supporters outside the home Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKinney said Walker has no valid rights of possession to the home on Magnolia Street, which is owned by Redondo Beach-based real estate investment group Wedgewood Properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, McKinney said “the court recognizes the importance of these issues, but, as raised in connection with Ms. Walker’s claim of right to possession, finds that they are outside the scope of this proceeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11795616\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11795616\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/RS40725_Moms4Housing_Solomon011020-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dominique Walker with Moms 4 Housing speaks to media and supporters outside 2928 Magnolia Street, a vacant house that she has lived in without permission from the owner since Nov. 18, 2019. \u003ccite>(Molly Solomon/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Walker, 34, and other mothers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11787750/two-homeless-moms-occupy-vacant-house-to-protest-oakland-housing-crisis\">began occupying the three-bedroom home on Magnolia Street in November\u003c/a> to avoid living on the streets. The mothers said the house had been vacant for two years, and that they were acting partly in protest against speculators buying up properties in the Bay Area and leaving them empty amid a growing homelessness crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Reader advisory: \u003ci>Some accounts of violence in this story contain explicit details and strong language that some may find upsetting. This \u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003ci>story is part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11794221/could-changing-how-transgender-inmates-are-housed-make-prison-safer-for-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">larger piece\u003c/a> on transgender prisoners. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Yekaterina Wesa Patience found herself in a prison crisis bed. She said she could no longer play the tough guy — or any guy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t do it no more. I kind of started having a little mental breakdown. … It was too painful,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patience, 44, an inmate at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, said she’d known she was a girl since her childhood in North Carolina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 14, she moved to California. There, she said she found herself on the streets of Los Angeles, a victim of child sex trafficking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Ava Fey, transgender prisoner at California Medical Facility']‘Prison is not the optimal place to go through a transition, especially the beginning. People are thinking you’re one thing and then all of a sudden you’re not. … On the streets that might break friendships. Here, it might get you stabbed.’[/pullquote]Patience said she had been homeless for nearly four years when she committed the crimes — first-degree murder, attempted first-degree murder and cruelty to a child — that sent her to prison at 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really have a hard time reconciling that I did something like that,” she said. “It seemed like I could have stopped everything and I didn’t — like my heart was too cold to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’d do anything she could to change the past: “That was a damaging tragedy that ruined a whole lot of lives, and I was directly responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison was no place to be openly transgender. Two rapes in less than two years forced her into the closet, she said. There she stayed until about four years ago, when she found herself in the crisis bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite knowing myself, the world told me different, and if I wanted to avoid problems I had to give the world what it wanted to see — and the world wanted to see a boy,” Patience said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794275\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794275\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Yekaterina Wesa Patience, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019. Patience is an avid reader, estimating she has read thousands of books while in prison.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yekaterina Wesa Patience, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019. Patience is an avid reader, estimating she has read thousands of books while in prison. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She finally confided her secret to a nurse: “I have to admit, I’m a girl. … It’s the first time I’m really just admitting it and saying that this is who I’m going to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it seemed like she had it together, “I would cry almost every night. … Because I never felt like I would ever get a chance to be me,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of other transgender inmates, Patience began to come out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now I’m becoming more and more of me, and the more I am, the less angry I am, the more able I am to just kind of love myself and be gentler to other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794376\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794376\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Makayla Fennell, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, plays basketball with two other transgender women, including Yekaterina Wesa Patience (right), on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Makayla Fennell, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, plays basketball with two other transgender women, including Yekaterina Wesa Patience (right), on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Patience, known as Kat, wrote about her struggles and transition over decades in prison, from her teen years to her 40s, in a short story she called “Platinum Linings” for the LGBTQ writing group at CMF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>” … my decisions, born and died in rage, put me so far away from where I started from. I never heard I’m proud of you as a child. In pain, my anger rose as I struggled to stand. To be more than I was ever allowed to imagine. Forced to live as a man …\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>… I desperately needed to be locked away — jailed and be moved for the safety of all involved. It provided me time to reflect and change. To be a better person, grow and evolve. …\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If only those thoughts would have molded me as a child I may now be reading a better page. But then I wouldn’t be me, the woman, the Kat, that my transformation has made.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I Just Jumped In’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As a child growing up in West Covina, Ava Fey knew she was different. In private, she would dress up in her mother’s and then stepmother’s clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a pretty good idea I wasn’t like the other little boys,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794276\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794276\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like Patience, Fey, 58, ended up homeless and a victim of child sex trafficking on the streets around L.A., she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fey said she first went to federal prison at age 20 for robbing banks. After a few years, she came out as transgender. After she was released, Fey lived as a woman until she landed in California state prison in 1995 for the arson death of her adopted father. His death haunts her to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Worst thing I’ve ever done in my life,” she said. “I didn’t mean for him to come to any harm. So when he did, it was even worse. … I’m not complaining about being in prison. I deserve to have come here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While in maximum security lockup in California, she tried to keep her gender identity under the radar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t want to get used and abused,” Fey said. “Once I got out of there, then I kind of loosened up. It took me a minute. And I just jumped in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11794221 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_bikes7-qut-1020x574.jpg'] Fey shaved her beard and ordered makeup. In January 2019, a month after she transferred to the state prison in Vacaville, she started taking hormones. Still, it wasn’t easy going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prison is not the optimal place to go through a transition, especially the beginning. People are thinking you’re one thing and then all of a sudden you’re not,” she said. “Some people get pissed off and it’s like, ‘Oh, you’ve been tricking me or lying to me.’ On the streets that might break friendships. Here, it might get you stabbed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, Fey said she could feel a difference from the hormones even if she wasn’t sure it showed all that much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794380\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During a transgender support group meeting at the California Medical Facility, Fey asked officials from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, who were accompanying reporters on a media visit, to provide transgender inmates with treatments like electrolysis and voice therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is more than hormones and getting a vagina,” Fey said. “If you do just a part, what are you going to do, create a bearded lady? … That’s a circus freak show.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11795125 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut-800x450.jpg']CDCR said medical interventions for transgender people don’t include wigs, facial or neck hair removal or voice therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has provided hormone therapy to prisoners for years, CDCR said. Many of the transgender women at CMF said they’re receiving hormones; CDCR said shots were the most common method though pills are also administered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need this because for decades … it’s almost like somebody dressed me up in the wrong skin. It is not being yourself,” Fey said of the medical treatments. “I’m a woman but somebody walking by might not catch that. How can you live if you’re not what you are?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Reader advisory: \u003ci>Some accounts of violence in this story contain explicit details and strong language that some may find upsetting. This \u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003ci>story is part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11794221/could-changing-how-transgender-inmates-are-housed-make-prison-safer-for-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">larger piece\u003c/a> on transgender prisoners. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Yekaterina Wesa Patience found herself in a prison crisis bed. She said she could no longer play the tough guy — or any guy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t do it no more. I kind of started having a little mental breakdown. … It was too painful,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patience, 44, an inmate at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, said she’d known she was a girl since her childhood in North Carolina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 14, she moved to California. There, she said she found herself on the streets of Los Angeles, a victim of child sex trafficking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Patience said she had been homeless for nearly four years when she committed the crimes — first-degree murder, attempted first-degree murder and cruelty to a child — that sent her to prison at 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I really have a hard time reconciling that I did something like that,” she said. “It seemed like I could have stopped everything and I didn’t — like my heart was too cold to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’d do anything she could to change the past: “That was a damaging tragedy that ruined a whole lot of lives, and I was directly responsible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison was no place to be openly transgender. Two rapes in less than two years forced her into the closet, she said. There she stayed until about four years ago, when she found herself in the crisis bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite knowing myself, the world told me different, and if I wanted to avoid problems I had to give the world what it wanted to see — and the world wanted to see a boy,” Patience said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794275\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794275\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Yekaterina Wesa Patience, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019. Patience is an avid reader, estimating she has read thousands of books while in prison.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_Transition_kat-reading-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yekaterina Wesa Patience, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019. Patience is an avid reader, estimating she has read thousands of books while in prison. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She finally confided her secret to a nurse: “I have to admit, I’m a girl. … It’s the first time I’m really just admitting it and saying that this is who I’m going to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it seemed like she had it together, “I would cry almost every night. … Because I never felt like I would ever get a chance to be me,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of other transgender inmates, Patience began to come out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now I’m becoming more and more of me, and the more I am, the less angry I am, the more able I am to just kind of love myself and be gentler to other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794376\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794376\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Makayla Fennell, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, plays basketball with two other transgender women, including Yekaterina Wesa Patience (right), on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Makayla Fennell, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, plays basketball with two other transgender women, including Yekaterina Wesa Patience (right), on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Patience, known as Kat, wrote about her struggles and transition over decades in prison, from her teen years to her 40s, in a short story she called “Platinum Linings” for the LGBTQ writing group at CMF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>” … my decisions, born and died in rage, put me so far away from where I started from. I never heard I’m proud of you as a child. In pain, my anger rose as I struggled to stand. To be more than I was ever allowed to imagine. Forced to live as a man …\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>… I desperately needed to be locked away — jailed and be moved for the safety of all involved. It provided me time to reflect and change. To be a better person, grow and evolve. …\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If only those thoughts would have molded me as a child I may now be reading a better page. But then I wouldn’t be me, the woman, the Kat, that my transformation has made.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I Just Jumped In’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As a child growing up in West Covina, Ava Fey knew she was different. In private, she would dress up in her mother’s and then stepmother’s clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a pretty good idea I wasn’t like the other little boys,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794276\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794276\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/TP_transition_ava-11-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like Patience, Fey, 58, ended up homeless and a victim of child sex trafficking on the streets around L.A., she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fey said she first went to federal prison at age 20 for robbing banks. After a few years, she came out as transgender. After she was released, Fey lived as a woman until she landed in California state prison in 1995 for the arson death of her adopted father. His death haunts her to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Worst thing I’ve ever done in my life,” she said. “I didn’t mean for him to come to any harm. So when he did, it was even worse. … I’m not complaining about being in prison. I deserve to have come here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While in maximum security lockup in California, she tried to keep her gender identity under the radar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t want to get used and abused,” Fey said. “Once I got out of there, then I kind of loosened up. It took me a minute. And I just jumped in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Fey shaved her beard and ordered makeup. In January 2019, a month after she transferred to the state prison in Vacaville, she started taking hormones. Still, it wasn’t easy going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prison is not the optimal place to go through a transition, especially the beginning. People are thinking you’re one thing and then all of a sudden you’re not,” she said. “Some people get pissed off and it’s like, ‘Oh, you’ve been tricking me or lying to me.’ On the streets that might break friendships. Here, it might get you stabbed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, Fey said she could feel a difference from the hormones even if she wasn’t sure it showed all that much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794380\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During a transgender support group meeting at the California Medical Facility, Fey asked officials from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, who were accompanying reporters on a media visit, to provide transgender inmates with treatments like electrolysis and voice therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is more than hormones and getting a vagina,” Fey said. “If you do just a part, what are you going to do, create a bearded lady? … That’s a circus freak show.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>CDCR said medical interventions for transgender people don’t include wigs, facial or neck hair removal or voice therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has provided hormone therapy to prisoners for years, CDCR said. Many of the transgender women at CMF said they’re receiving hormones; CDCR said shots were the most common method though pills are also administered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need this because for decades … it’s almost like somebody dressed me up in the wrong skin. It is not being yourself,” Fey said of the medical treatments. “I’m a woman but somebody walking by might not catch that. How can you live if you’re not what you are?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two years to the day after a traffic stop during which he says he feared for his life, an Oakland civil rights attorney filed a lawsuit against the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day after Christmas in 2017, at around 7 p.m., Adante Pointer said he was driving in a silver Mercedes-Benz down International Boulevard in San Leandro after visiting a client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointer, a lawyer who works in the office of civil rights attorney John Burris, said he was trying to decide if he should pick up some food for his two kids at home when he noticed flashing lights in his rearview mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Adante Pointer\"]‘A silver car? Is that all? Is that all it takes to get treated like this?’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, he assumed the quickly approaching Oakland police SUV was rushing to an emergency, so Pointer quickly pulled over to let it pass. Instead, officers pulled up right behind him and, according to Pointer’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6603699-ADP-v-COO-Complaint-Filed-Document.html\">complaint\u003c/a>, got out of the car and began shouting at him with their weapons drawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He started yelling at me, intensely loud and direct commands, ‘Get the f- out the car! Get the f- out the car!’ and he had his gun pointed out,” Pointer said. The complaint does not identify the officers involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As one police officer was shouting at him to get out of the vehicle, Pointer said another was simultaneously yelling at him not to move and to lift his hands up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With different sets of conflicting commands, Pointer wasn’t sure who he should listen to and was terrified he might do the wrong thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know far too well, being a civil rights attorney and representing victims of police abuse over 15 years, that drivers have been shot for a lot less — the slightest movement,” Pointer said. “So I was petrified. I didn’t want to give them any excuse or justification to kill me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Pointer negotiated his way out of the vehicle. He identified himself as an attorney and asked the officers what was going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn’t answer, and instead told him to lie face-down on the ground and crawl backwards until they told him to stop — about 15 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers then handcuffed Pointer and put him in the back of a police vehicle while they proceeded to search his car. But they didn’t find anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794917\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794917\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search-800x513.jpg\" alt=\"A still from a bystander's video shows Oakland police officers searching Adante Pointer's car on Dec. 26, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search-800x513.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search-1020x655.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search-1200x770.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A still from a bystander’s video shows Oakland police officers searching Adante Pointer’s car on Dec. 26, 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Lee Housekeeper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Officers eventually told Pointer that earlier that day, in Oakland, they got a call about someone brandishing an AK-47 out of the window of a silver car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m like, a silver car? Is that all? Is that all it takes to get treated like this?” Pointer said. “I mean, I know that they’re not pulling over every silver car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers removed Pointer’s handcuffs and let him go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after the incident, Pointer filed a claim with the Oakland Citizen’s Police Review Board. The board found that the officers had performed an illegal search of the vehicle and improperly filled out data forms on the incident, but did not find that they used excessive force or unlawfully detained him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11793819,news_11789945,about_14592 label='Related Coverage']Pointer’s Dec. 26, 2019, lawsuit against the City of Oakland alleges officers violated his civil rights — a position he normally takes on for his clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What actually compelled me to file the lawsuit is not so much because it’s personal to me, although it is upsetting and troubling, and I think it was unfair and unconstitutional. But it’s the idea that I know that this happens and many people are just suffering in silence because they don’t have the platform,” Pointer explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointer filed his lawsuit just a week before the state released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11793819/new-state-report-finds-major-racial-disparities-in-police-stops-involving-blacks\">comprehensive new report finding major racial disparities\u003c/a> in police stops involving black people in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data on the racial disparity of Oakland police stops wasn’t included in the scope of the statewide report — but Oakland began collecting state-required stop data in 2019, and must report its numbers to the state by April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither the Oakland Police Department nor the City Attorney’s Office responded to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6603699-ADP-v-COO-Complaint-Filed-Document.html\" responsive=true height=800]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Civil rights lawyer Adante Pointer says Oakland police officers drew their weapons, yelled conflicting commands and illegally searched his vehicle in 2017 because he was driving the same color car as someone seen brandishing a rifle.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, he assumed the quickly approaching Oakland police SUV was rushing to an emergency, so Pointer quickly pulled over to let it pass. Instead, officers pulled up right behind him and, according to Pointer’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6603699-ADP-v-COO-Complaint-Filed-Document.html\">complaint\u003c/a>, got out of the car and began shouting at him with their weapons drawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He started yelling at me, intensely loud and direct commands, ‘Get the f- out the car! Get the f- out the car!’ and he had his gun pointed out,” Pointer said. The complaint does not identify the officers involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As one police officer was shouting at him to get out of the vehicle, Pointer said another was simultaneously yelling at him not to move and to lift his hands up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With different sets of conflicting commands, Pointer wasn’t sure who he should listen to and was terrified he might do the wrong thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know far too well, being a civil rights attorney and representing victims of police abuse over 15 years, that drivers have been shot for a lot less — the slightest movement,” Pointer said. “So I was petrified. I didn’t want to give them any excuse or justification to kill me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Pointer negotiated his way out of the vehicle. He identified himself as an attorney and asked the officers what was going on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn’t answer, and instead told him to lie face-down on the ground and crawl backwards until they told him to stop — about 15 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers then handcuffed Pointer and put him in the back of a police vehicle while they proceeded to search his car. But they didn’t find anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794917\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794917\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search-800x513.jpg\" alt=\"A still from a bystander's video shows Oakland police officers searching Adante Pointer's car on Dec. 26, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search-800x513.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search-1020x655.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search-1200x770.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/Adante-Car-Search.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A still from a bystander’s video shows Oakland police officers searching Adante Pointer’s car on Dec. 26, 2017. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Lee Housekeeper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Officers eventually told Pointer that earlier that day, in Oakland, they got a call about someone brandishing an AK-47 out of the window of a silver car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And I’m like, a silver car? Is that all? Is that all it takes to get treated like this?” Pointer said. “I mean, I know that they’re not pulling over every silver car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers removed Pointer’s handcuffs and let him go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after the incident, Pointer filed a claim with the Oakland Citizen’s Police Review Board. The board found that the officers had performed an illegal search of the vehicle and improperly filled out data forms on the incident, but did not find that they used excessive force or unlawfully detained him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Pointer’s Dec. 26, 2019, lawsuit against the City of Oakland alleges officers violated his civil rights — a position he normally takes on for his clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What actually compelled me to file the lawsuit is not so much because it’s personal to me, although it is upsetting and troubling, and I think it was unfair and unconstitutional. But it’s the idea that I know that this happens and many people are just suffering in silence because they don’t have the platform,” Pointer explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointer filed his lawsuit just a week before the state released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11793819/new-state-report-finds-major-racial-disparities-in-police-stops-involving-blacks\">comprehensive new report finding major racial disparities\u003c/a> in police stops involving black people in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data on the racial disparity of Oakland police stops wasn’t included in the scope of the statewide report — but Oakland began collecting state-required stop data in 2019, and must report its numbers to the state by April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither the Oakland Police Department nor the City Attorney’s Office responded to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Diego's public schools have filed suit against Juul Labs, Inc., the largest U.S. producer of e-cigarettes, accusing the company of deliberately marketing its vaping products to young people, effectively rolling back years of progress made by anti-smoking campaigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 40-page complaint filed in San Diego Superior Court on behalf of the San Diego Unified School District on Tuesday alleges that Juul's product \"disrupts the learning environment,\" causing an increase in student absences due to vaping-related illnesses and hurting the schools \"by diverting funding away from learning toward educational campaigns, prevention and treatment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Juul spokesman Ted Kwong\"]'Our customer base is the world's 1 billion adult smokers and we do not intend to attract underage users. To the extent these cases allege otherwise, they are without merit.'[/pullquote]The school district, the second largest in California, is seeking monetary compensation for costs incurred as a result of the rise in the use of e-cigarettes among youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our district is in the business of educating students in a healthy and safe environment,\" San Diego Unified Superintendent Cindy Marten said, \u003ca href=\"https://www.10news.com/news/local-news/san-diego-unified-school-district-suing-juul\">according to ABC Channel 10 News.\u003c/a> \"This lawsuit supports district goals by holding Juul accountable for its harmful marketing practices and unsafe products.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing congressional testimony and a report by the U.S. Surgeon General's Office, the lawsuit claims that anti-smoking efforts had caused a drop in use of tobacco products among young people from 28% in 2000 to just 7.6% in 2017. However, e-cigarettes dramatically reversed that positive trend, with their use by high school students nearly doubling in a single year, from 11.7% in 2017 to 20.8% in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint calls the situation an \"epidemic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"San Diego Unified School District\"]'Across the United States, schools have had to divert resources and administrators have had to go to extreme lengths to respond to the ever-growing number of students using Juuls on school grounds.'[/pullquote]San Francisco-based Juul Labs says it has sought to stop underage use of its products, offering a timeline of its efforts on \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/our-actions-to-combat-underage-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the company's website.\u003c/a> In a statement sent to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/story/2020-01-08/s-d-unified-files-lawsuit-against-vaping-company-juul\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Diego Union-Tribune\u003c/a> and other local media, Juul said it was working \"with attorneys general, regulators, public health officials and other stakeholders to combat underage use and convert adult smokers from combustible cigarettes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our customer base is the world's 1 billion adult smokers and we do not intend to attract underage users,\" Juul spokesman Ted Kwong said. \"To the extent these cases allege otherwise, they are without merit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district's suit alleges that while numerous restrictions on advertising have been imposed on traditional tobacco companies, such as prohibitions on billboard advertising, sponsorship of events, free samples and \"flavored\" cigarettes, that e-cigarette makers have encountered none of those obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"juul-labs\" label=\"related coverage\"]For Big Tobacco, those advertising avenues \"were prohibited because of their effectiveness at appealing to youth,\" according to the complaint, even as \"all of these activities figured prominently in Juul's marketing campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Juul used \"youth-appealing imagery\" on billboards in New York's Times Square and \"held a series of at least 50 highly stylized parties, typically with music entertainment, in cities across the United States,\" the complaint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district alleges that Juul has so successfully inculcated young people with its advertising campaign that students now often refer to school restrooms — often \"just a cloud\" from all the vaping smoke, the complaint says — as \"the Juul room.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Across the United States, schools have had to divert resources and administrators have had to go to extreme lengths to respond to the ever-growing number of students using Juuls on school grounds,\" the complaint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>San Francisco-based Juul Labs says it has sought to stop underage use of its products, offering a timeline of its efforts on \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.juul.com/our-actions-to-combat-underage-use/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the company's website.\u003c/a> In a statement sent to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/story/2020-01-08/s-d-unified-files-lawsuit-against-vaping-company-juul\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Diego Union-Tribune\u003c/a> and other local media, Juul said it was working \"with attorneys general, regulators, public health officials and other stakeholders to combat underage use and convert adult smokers from combustible cigarettes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our customer base is the world's 1 billion adult smokers and we do not intend to attract underage users,\" Juul spokesman Ted Kwong said. \"To the extent these cases allege otherwise, they are without merit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district's suit alleges that while numerous restrictions on advertising have been imposed on traditional tobacco companies, such as prohibitions on billboard advertising, sponsorship of events, free samples and \"flavored\" cigarettes, that e-cigarette makers have encountered none of those obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For Big Tobacco, those advertising avenues \"were prohibited because of their effectiveness at appealing to youth,\" according to the complaint, even as \"all of these activities figured prominently in Juul's marketing campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Juul used \"youth-appealing imagery\" on billboards in New York's Times Square and \"held a series of at least 50 highly stylized parties, typically with music entertainment, in cities across the United States,\" the complaint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district alleges that Juul has so successfully inculcated young people with its advertising campaign that students now often refer to school restrooms — often \"just a cloud\" from all the vaping smoke, the complaint says — as \"the Juul room.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Across the United States, schools have had to divert resources and administrators have had to go to extreme lengths to respond to the ever-growing number of students using Juuls on school grounds,\" the complaint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pelosi: I'll Send Articles of Impeachment to Senate 'When I'm Ready'",
"title": "Pelosi: I'll Send Articles of Impeachment to Senate 'When I'm Ready'",
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"content": "\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said she expects to release her hold on the two articles of impeachment against President Trump \"soon,\" but for now she is still holding out to learn more about how Republicans plan to conduct a Senate trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, I'm not holding them indefinitely,\" Pelosi told reporters Thursday at a weekly press conference. \"I'll send them over when I'm ready. That will probably be soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi refused to give any additional information about the timing, saying Democrats want to know what Senate Republicans are \"willing to do and when they're willing to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have criticized Pelosi for refusing to take the procedural action of sending the articles to the Senate. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/18/788650493/house-to-debate-and-vote-on-articles-of-impeachment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The House approved the two articles\u003c/a> — abuse of power and obstruction of Congress — largely along party lines on Dec. 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"House Speaker Nancy Pelosi\"]'All we want to know is what are the rules, it doesn't mean we have to agree to the rules or we have to like the rules. We just want to know what they are.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., attempted to force Pelosi to drop her hold on Tuesday when he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/07/794254074/mcconnell-will-move-ahead-with-impeachment-trial-rules-without-democrats-support\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced plans to approve Senate trial rules\u003c/a> without the help of Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi reiterated Thursday that she wants more information on what those rules would include. But she also indicated that she was not planning a fight over the details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All we want to know is what are the rules, it doesn't mean we have to agree to the rules or we have to like the rules,\" she said. \"We just want to know what they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the core of the disagreement is who — if anyone — would act as witnesses during the trial. Democrats want a deal on that upfront, while McConnell wants to sort the issue with additional votes after the first phase of the trial, including opening arguments and a period allowing written questions from senators to both the prosecution and the defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats want to call four witnesses, including acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/06/793972905/bolton-says-he-would-testify-in-senate-impeachment-trial-if-subpoenaed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former national security adviser John Bolton\u003c/a>. They also want an agreement to admit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/23/790747698/newly-released-emails-fuel-democrats-trial-requests-as-mcconnell-stands-firm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new reporting\u003c/a> that has been released in recent weeks on the timing of Trump's decision to end a hold on foreign aid to Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi's hold on the articles was designed to give Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., more time and space to build pressure on McConnell to include witness testimony as part of the rules governing the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConnell has defended his proposed approach, saying it mirrors the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton. Democrats say it is an unfair comparison because during the Clinton trial, the Senate was considering re-calling witnesses who had already testified before the House. This time, Democrats want to hear from people whose testimony the Trump administration has blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"impeachment\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will not let them say this is just like Clinton. Fair is fair — it is not,\" Pelosi said. \"Documentation, facts, witnesses, truth. That's what they're afraid of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she held back, a small group of Senate Republican moderates did express interest in hearing from witnesses, but they ultimately backed McConnell's framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schumer would need four GOP senators to join with the entire Democratic caucus to foil McConnell's strategy of passing rules without sorting the witnesses. He has been unable to persuade any to break with the top Republican leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure on Pelosi began to grow from fellow Democrats soon after it became clear they would not be able to force McConnell to negotiate on the terms of a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I respect the fact that she is concerned about the fact about whether or not there will be a fair trial. But I do think it is time to get on with it,\" Sen. Chris Coons, D-Del., \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/08/senate-democrats-break-pelosi-over-impeachment-096224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told Politico\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., said she expects to release her hold on the two articles of impeachment against President Trump \"soon,\" but for now she is still holding out to learn more about how Republicans plan to conduct a Senate trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, I'm not holding them indefinitely,\" Pelosi told reporters Thursday at a weekly press conference. \"I'll send them over when I'm ready. That will probably be soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi refused to give any additional information about the timing, saying Democrats want to know what Senate Republicans are \"willing to do and when they're willing to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have criticized Pelosi for refusing to take the procedural action of sending the articles to the Senate. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/18/788650493/house-to-debate-and-vote-on-articles-of-impeachment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The House approved the two articles\u003c/a> — abuse of power and obstruction of Congress — largely along party lines on Dec. 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., attempted to force Pelosi to drop her hold on Tuesday when he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/07/794254074/mcconnell-will-move-ahead-with-impeachment-trial-rules-without-democrats-support\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">announced plans to approve Senate trial rules\u003c/a> without the help of Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi reiterated Thursday that she wants more information on what those rules would include. But she also indicated that she was not planning a fight over the details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All we want to know is what are the rules, it doesn't mean we have to agree to the rules or we have to like the rules,\" she said. \"We just want to know what they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the core of the disagreement is who — if anyone — would act as witnesses during the trial. Democrats want a deal on that upfront, while McConnell wants to sort the issue with additional votes after the first phase of the trial, including opening arguments and a period allowing written questions from senators to both the prosecution and the defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats want to call four witnesses, including acting White House chief of staff Mick Mulvaney and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/06/793972905/bolton-says-he-would-testify-in-senate-impeachment-trial-if-subpoenaed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">former national security adviser John Bolton\u003c/a>. They also want an agreement to admit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/23/790747698/newly-released-emails-fuel-democrats-trial-requests-as-mcconnell-stands-firm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new reporting\u003c/a> that has been released in recent weeks on the timing of Trump's decision to end a hold on foreign aid to Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi's hold on the articles was designed to give Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., more time and space to build pressure on McConnell to include witness testimony as part of the rules governing the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConnell has defended his proposed approach, saying it mirrors the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton. Democrats say it is an unfair comparison because during the Clinton trial, the Senate was considering re-calling witnesses who had already testified before the House. This time, Democrats want to hear from people whose testimony the Trump administration has blocked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will not let them say this is just like Clinton. Fair is fair — it is not,\" Pelosi said. \"Documentation, facts, witnesses, truth. That's what they're afraid of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she held back, a small group of Senate Republican moderates did express interest in hearing from witnesses, but they ultimately backed McConnell's framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schumer would need four GOP senators to join with the entire Democratic caucus to foil McConnell's strategy of passing rules without sorting the witnesses. He has been unable to persuade any to break with the top Republican leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure on Pelosi began to grow from fellow Democrats soon after it became clear they would not be able to force McConnell to negotiate on the terms of a trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I respect the fact that she is concerned about the fact about whether or not there will be a fair trial. But I do think it is time to get on with it,\" Sen. Chris Coons, D-Del., \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/08/senate-democrats-break-pelosi-over-impeachment-096224\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told Politico\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "After Year of Delay, Contra Costa County Sheriff Releases Investigation of Dishonest Deputy",
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"content": "\u003cp>Contra Costa County has been a key battleground in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724434/contra-costa-county-judge-to-weigh-public-access-to-police-records\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal fight\u003c/a> over Senate Bill 1421, the police transparency law that went into effect last January. Now, after a year of delay and litigation, the Contra Costa County Sheriff’s Office has released the first disciplinary record regarding a deputy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 24, 2016, Vacaville police arrested Deputy Christopher Spadaro for drunk driving after he sped away from officers and then abruptly pulled into a parking lot and shut off all his car lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When questioned by a Contra Costa County Sheriff’s internal affairs investigator about whether he had been trying to evade police, Spadaro said, “I would never fathom doing such a thing to create, uh, you know, an issue for an officer,” according to a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spadaro told Vacaville police he had only had one beer, but he refused to take a breathalyzer test. A blood test confirmed his blood alcohol content was nearly twice the legal limit, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sheriff’s Office internal investigation found that Spadaro lied about his drinking during that encounter. Spadaro had also put paper license plates on his car in order to avoid paying the Benicia-Martinez Bridge toll during his commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County Sheriff David Livingston first tried to fire Spadaro, but ultimately reduced his discipline to a six-month pay cut. It appears the deputy still works for the county. Spadaro did not respond to an email requesting comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County Public Defender Robin Lipetzky wrote in statement that her office is “investigating the impacts of Deputy Spadaro’s misconduct on recent and pending cases where he was a material witness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipetzky said timely compliance with both SB 1421 and \u003ca href=\"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/373/83/\">\u003ci>Brady v. Maryland\u003c/i>\u003c/a> “are necessary to ensure due process for everyone in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff’s Office spokesman Jimmy Lee did not respond to questions about why it took a year to locate and produce the Spadaro file, nor would he clarify if his office has more disciplinary records to produce. Lee said in an email that his office intends to disclose all relevant SB 1421 records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our release of documents continues and we are committed to fulfilling all proper [SB] 1421 requests as quickly as possible,” Lee wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County Supervisor John Gioia, who is one of Livingston’s critics, said he believes the Contra Costa County Sheriff Deputies’ Association pressured Livingston to withhold the document.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sheriff should follow the law in disclosing documents despite a contrary position by the Deputy Sheriff's Association,\" Gioia said. \"His job is to follow the law as a county officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DSA President Shawn Welch, in a phone interview Wednesday, denied asking that the document be withheld.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11786770,news_11792317,news_11789945\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/08/Police-Art_1.gif\" heroLink=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/police-records\" target=\"_blank\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never took a stance,” Welch said. “It was delayed because [SB] 1421 is a brand new law” and there were questions about whether Spadaro’s case applies to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welch’s union was one of the first police associations to file suit back in January 2019 to block the county from releasing past misconduct and use-of-force records unsealed by SB 1421. A number of First Amendment and media organizations including KQED joined that suit to argue for the disclosure of records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Contra Costa judge’s ruling in that case, which found that SB 1421 should apply retroactively, was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11732520/appeals-court-covering-bay-area-rules-in-favor-of-releasing-police-misconduct-shooting-records\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">upheld\u003c/a> by the First District Court of Appeal in San Francisco on March 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even after that ruling, Livingston refused to search for records, arguing that searching the “voluminous” internal affairs files constituted an “undue burden” on the department. He was one of the few law enforcement officials statewide to make this argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally in June, the sheriff said the search for records had been completed. Seven incidents had been identified in which deputies had used force causing death or serious injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then on Tuesday, the Sheriff’s Office released Spadaro’s disciplinary file without any explanation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It begs the question: why it took litigation for these records to be released? Why were they not promptly released a year ago?” said David Snyder, an attorney with the \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendmentcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">First Amendment Coalition\u003c/a>, which is involved in the Contra Costa litigation. “A year is not prompt. It makes one wonder if there are other records languishing in the sheriff's files that the public is entitled to see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spadaro was convicted of a misdemeanor in 2017, and court records show it was his first criminal offense in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Spadaro was accused of sexual harassment in 2006 by a female deputy in the Sheriff’s Department. The county settled the suit in 2008 for an unknown amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal records released Tuesday by the Sheriff’s Office show Spadaro was also reprimanded in 2015. But the Sheriff’s Office said records related to that prior misconduct are not disclosable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee would not say if the sheriff has ongoing concerns about Spadaro’s fitness to be deputy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thomas Peele of the Bay Area News Group contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-11786993\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-800x777.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-1020x990.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1.png 1030w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>This story was produced by the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Reporting Project\u003c/a>, a coalition of 40 news organizations across the state. The project was formed to request and report on previously secret records of police misconduct and use of force in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Contra Costa County has been a key battleground in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11724434/contra-costa-county-judge-to-weigh-public-access-to-police-records\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal fight\u003c/a> over Senate Bill 1421, the police transparency law that went into effect last January. Now, after a year of delay and litigation, the Contra Costa County Sheriff’s Office has released the first disciplinary record regarding a deputy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 24, 2016, Vacaville police arrested Deputy Christopher Spadaro for drunk driving after he sped away from officers and then abruptly pulled into a parking lot and shut off all his car lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When questioned by a Contra Costa County Sheriff’s internal affairs investigator about whether he had been trying to evade police, Spadaro said, “I would never fathom doing such a thing to create, uh, you know, an issue for an officer,” according to a transcript of the interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spadaro told Vacaville police he had only had one beer, but he refused to take a breathalyzer test. A blood test confirmed his blood alcohol content was nearly twice the legal limit, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sheriff’s Office internal investigation found that Spadaro lied about his drinking during that encounter. Spadaro had also put paper license plates on his car in order to avoid paying the Benicia-Martinez Bridge toll during his commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County Sheriff David Livingston first tried to fire Spadaro, but ultimately reduced his discipline to a six-month pay cut. It appears the deputy still works for the county. Spadaro did not respond to an email requesting comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County Public Defender Robin Lipetzky wrote in statement that her office is “investigating the impacts of Deputy Spadaro’s misconduct on recent and pending cases where he was a material witness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipetzky said timely compliance with both SB 1421 and \u003ca href=\"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/373/83/\">\u003ci>Brady v. Maryland\u003c/i>\u003c/a> “are necessary to ensure due process for everyone in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff’s Office spokesman Jimmy Lee did not respond to questions about why it took a year to locate and produce the Spadaro file, nor would he clarify if his office has more disciplinary records to produce. Lee said in an email that his office intends to disclose all relevant SB 1421 records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our release of documents continues and we are committed to fulfilling all proper [SB] 1421 requests as quickly as possible,” Lee wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County Supervisor John Gioia, who is one of Livingston’s critics, said he believes the Contra Costa County Sheriff Deputies’ Association pressured Livingston to withhold the document.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sheriff should follow the law in disclosing documents despite a contrary position by the Deputy Sheriff's Association,\" Gioia said. \"His job is to follow the law as a county officer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DSA President Shawn Welch, in a phone interview Wednesday, denied asking that the document be withheld.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never took a stance,” Welch said. “It was delayed because [SB] 1421 is a brand new law” and there were questions about whether Spadaro’s case applies to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welch’s union was one of the first police associations to file suit back in January 2019 to block the county from releasing past misconduct and use-of-force records unsealed by SB 1421. A number of First Amendment and media organizations including KQED joined that suit to argue for the disclosure of records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Contra Costa judge’s ruling in that case, which found that SB 1421 should apply retroactively, was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11732520/appeals-court-covering-bay-area-rules-in-favor-of-releasing-police-misconduct-shooting-records\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">upheld\u003c/a> by the First District Court of Appeal in San Francisco on March 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even after that ruling, Livingston refused to search for records, arguing that searching the “voluminous” internal affairs files constituted an “undue burden” on the department. He was one of the few law enforcement officials statewide to make this argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally in June, the sheriff said the search for records had been completed. Seven incidents had been identified in which deputies had used force causing death or serious injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then on Tuesday, the Sheriff’s Office released Spadaro’s disciplinary file without any explanation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It begs the question: why it took litigation for these records to be released? Why were they not promptly released a year ago?” said David Snyder, an attorney with the \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendmentcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">First Amendment Coalition\u003c/a>, which is involved in the Contra Costa litigation. “A year is not prompt. It makes one wonder if there are other records languishing in the sheriff's files that the public is entitled to see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spadaro was convicted of a misdemeanor in 2017, and court records show it was his first criminal offense in Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Spadaro was accused of sexual harassment in 2006 by a female deputy in the Sheriff’s Department. The county settled the suit in 2008 for an unknown amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal records released Tuesday by the Sheriff’s Office show Spadaro was also reprimanded in 2015. But the Sheriff’s Office said records related to that prior misconduct are not disclosable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee would not say if the sheriff has ongoing concerns about Spadaro’s fitness to be deputy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thomas Peele of the Bay Area News Group contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-11786993\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-160x155.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-800x777.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1-1020x990.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/11/crp-alt-logo-1.png 1030w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>This story was produced by the \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Reporting Project\u003c/a>, a coalition of 40 news organizations across the state. The project was formed to request and report on previously secret records of police misconduct and use of force in California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California could soon become the first state in the nation to create its own generic drug label, a bold proposal aimed at making drugs more affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of several health care reforms Gov. Gavin Newsom plans to announce in his new budget proposal for the upcoming fiscal year.\u003cbr>\n[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘The cost of health care is just too damn high, and California is fighting back.’[/pullquote]\u003cbr>\nThe administration’s plan is to contract with existing generic drug manufacturers to make certain drugs. Then the state will set the prices and sell them, making them available to “all Californians,” the administration said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to increase competition in the generic market that will result in lower drug prices for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A trip to the doctor’s office, pharmacy or hospital shouldn’t cost a month’s pay,” Newsom said in the statement. “The cost of health care is just too damn high, and California is fighting back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor said he will also build on another of his\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11716531/newsoms-first-act-as-governor-expanding-health-coverage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> proposals from last year\u003c/a> to consolidate the state’s purchasing power to buy other drugs, allowing state health agencies like Medi-Cal and Covered California, along with private insurers and employers, to negotiate together and force drug companies to sell at lower prices.\u003cbr>\n[aside tag=\"prescription-drugs\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]\u003cbr>\nHe also wants to expand on current law to allow Medi-Cal, the state’s health coverage for low-income Californians, to consider international drug prices, not just domestic prices, when negotiating rebates with drugmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor also laid out two other proposals aimed at making health care more affordable for state residents, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Strengthening choice and affordability of health plans available for sale through Covered California, the state’s Affordable Care Act marketplace; and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Establishing an Office of Health Care Affordability to improve price transparency, create strategies for tackling high costs at hospitals, particularly in regions where there is little competition, and reduce administrative waste at hospitals and doctors’ offices.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The governor plans to unveil the proposals as part of his 2020-2021 budget proposal later this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe administration’s plan is to contract with existing generic drug manufacturers to make certain drugs. Then the state will set the prices and sell them, making them available to “all Californians,” the administration said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to increase competition in the generic market that will result in lower drug prices for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A trip to the doctor’s office, pharmacy or hospital shouldn’t cost a month’s pay,” Newsom said in the statement. “The cost of health care is just too damn high, and California is fighting back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor said he will also build on another of his\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11716531/newsoms-first-act-as-governor-expanding-health-coverage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> proposals from last year\u003c/a> to consolidate the state’s purchasing power to buy other drugs, allowing state health agencies like Medi-Cal and Covered California, along with private insurers and employers, to negotiate together and force drug companies to sell at lower prices.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nHe also wants to expand on current law to allow Medi-Cal, the state’s health coverage for low-income Californians, to consider international drug prices, not just domestic prices, when negotiating rebates with drugmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor also laid out two other proposals aimed at making health care more affordable for state residents, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Strengthening choice and affordability of health plans available for sale through Covered California, the state’s Affordable Care Act marketplace; and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Establishing an Office of Health Care Affordability to improve price transparency, create strategies for tackling high costs at hospitals, particularly in regions where there is little competition, and reduce administrative waste at hospitals and doctors’ offices.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The governor plans to unveil the proposals as part of his 2020-2021 budget proposal later this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom announced an executive order Wednesday to address California's homelessness epidemic by proposing a $750 million fund to pay for rent subsidies, help communities build more affordable housing and support boarding houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom also directed the state to provide a slew of resources including travel trailers, vacant hospitals and state-owned land to provide temporary housing and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of California is treating it as a real emergency – because it is one,” Newsom said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2020/01/08/governor-newsom-previews-1-billion-in-budget-proposal-to-jump-start-new-homeless-fund-and-provide-behavioral-health-services-signs-order-to-accelerate-state-action-to-fight-homelessness/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Money for the fund, which needs to be approved by the state Legislature, would come from a one-time installment from the general fund. Newsom said he hoped ongoing contributions from private companies and philanthropists would help sustain it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]'Californians are demanding that all levels of government — federal, state and local — do more to get people off the streets and into services — whether that’s emergency housing, mental health services, substance abuse treatment or all of the above.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are an estimated 151,278 homeless people in California, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/press/press_releases_media_advisories/HUD_No_19_177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">latest federal count\u003c/a>. That’s a 16.4% increase over the last year and the largest homeless population the state has seen since at least 2007. Driven by the spike in California, the nation’s homeless population increased by 2.7% this year, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792743/hud-report-2-7-uptick-in-nations-homeless-population-due-to-california-spike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal government report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, about 8,000 people were counted in the streets or in shelters, representing a 17% increase from 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s executive order asks state agencies, including Caltrans, to identify state-owned property that counties, cities and nonprofits can temporarily use to provide shelter and related health care and social services. The order directs his administration to identify some of the properties, so long as it doesn't delay the development of affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This builds on recent leases that Caltrans worked closely with local partners to execute — including the cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco, Oakland, Stockton and San Diego,” Caltrans spokesperson Kyle Simerly said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency said it would have more details in the coming days on how local partners will use Caltrans property on a short-term emergency basis to house homeless individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain counties and cities could qualify to receive travel trailers and modular tent buildings. Vacant or decommissioned hospitals, clinics and fairgrounds are on the table as well, especially in areas where entire communities became homeless overnight in destructive wildfires. Also, a “strike team” is being formed to help local governments address homelessness on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes cities like Santa Rosa, where hundreds of displaced residents were housed during wildfire evacuations at the Sonoma County Fairgrounds. Sonoma County Supervisor Lynda Hopkins supports the idea of using the space to house the homeless and has previously floated the idea of a sanctioned encampment at the fairgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can house people there during a natural disaster, why can’t we house people who are currently homeless,” said Hopkins, whose district includes a mile-long homeless encampment along Santa Rosa's Joe Rodota Trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The executive order come two days before Newsom is expected to release details of his proposed budget, which includes $695 million to expand Medi-Cal to pay for housing and supportive services for the chronically homeless. Programs such as recuperative care or navigation centers try to keep people from making repeat visits to emergency rooms or expensive health care clinics by offering housing and medical needs at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To address mental health, Newsom is proposing $24.6 million to start a six-year pilot program in three counties that would find housing in the community for people deemed incompetent to stand trial, instead of having them stay in state mental hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"homelessness\" label=\"related coverage\"]Newsom said compassion for those who are homeless “isn’t allowing a person suffering a severe psychotic break or from a lethal substance abuse addiction to literally drift towards death on our streets and sidewalks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1214333364204974082?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> dogged\u003c/a> California and its Democratic leadership for its homelessness epidemic since his visit last spring and even threatened to impose tough policies if the state doesn't make significant improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Newsom isn’t taking all the responsibility for ending homelessness. He said local government leaders are “critical to implementing homeless solutions in their own communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Californians are demanding that all levels of government — federal, state and local — do more to get people off the streets and into services, whether that’s emergency housing, mental health services, substance abuse treatment or all of the above,” Newsom said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Mayor Libby Schaff applauded Newsom’s announcement, saying the new fund demonstrates that state and local priorities regarding homelessness are in agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must do more than just shelter people,” said Schaff, who was appointed by Newsom to a state advisory group on homelessness in July. “We must prevent people from becoming homeless in the first place and we must get them permanently and securely housed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his executive order, the state will develop accountability metrics that are tied to funding, which will measure whether local governments are making progress on getting people off the streets and into shelter. The governor’s office didn’t make clear what those metrics are in its press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED News' \u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">Erin Baldassari and \u003c/i>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are an estimated 151,278 homeless people in California, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/press/press_releases_media_advisories/HUD_No_19_177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">latest federal count\u003c/a>. That’s a 16.4% increase over the last year and the largest homeless population the state has seen since at least 2007. Driven by the spike in California, the nation’s homeless population increased by 2.7% this year, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11792743/hud-report-2-7-uptick-in-nations-homeless-population-due-to-california-spike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal government report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, about 8,000 people were counted in the streets or in shelters, representing a 17% increase from 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s executive order asks state agencies, including Caltrans, to identify state-owned property that counties, cities and nonprofits can temporarily use to provide shelter and related health care and social services. The order directs his administration to identify some of the properties, so long as it doesn't delay the development of affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This builds on recent leases that Caltrans worked closely with local partners to execute — including the cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco, Oakland, Stockton and San Diego,” Caltrans spokesperson Kyle Simerly said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency said it would have more details in the coming days on how local partners will use Caltrans property on a short-term emergency basis to house homeless individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certain counties and cities could qualify to receive travel trailers and modular tent buildings. Vacant or decommissioned hospitals, clinics and fairgrounds are on the table as well, especially in areas where entire communities became homeless overnight in destructive wildfires. Also, a “strike team” is being formed to help local governments address homelessness on the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes cities like Santa Rosa, where hundreds of displaced residents were housed during wildfire evacuations at the Sonoma County Fairgrounds. Sonoma County Supervisor Lynda Hopkins supports the idea of using the space to house the homeless and has previously floated the idea of a sanctioned encampment at the fairgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can house people there during a natural disaster, why can’t we house people who are currently homeless,” said Hopkins, whose district includes a mile-long homeless encampment along Santa Rosa's Joe Rodota Trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The executive order come two days before Newsom is expected to release details of his proposed budget, which includes $695 million to expand Medi-Cal to pay for housing and supportive services for the chronically homeless. Programs such as recuperative care or navigation centers try to keep people from making repeat visits to emergency rooms or expensive health care clinics by offering housing and medical needs at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To address mental health, Newsom is proposing $24.6 million to start a six-year pilot program in three counties that would find housing in the community for people deemed incompetent to stand trial, instead of having them stay in state mental hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Newsom said compassion for those who are homeless “isn’t allowing a person suffering a severe psychotic break or from a lethal substance abuse addiction to literally drift towards death on our streets and sidewalks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1214333364204974082?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> dogged\u003c/a> California and its Democratic leadership for its homelessness epidemic since his visit last spring and even threatened to impose tough policies if the state doesn't make significant improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Newsom isn’t taking all the responsibility for ending homelessness. He said local government leaders are “critical to implementing homeless solutions in their own communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Californians are demanding that all levels of government — federal, state and local — do more to get people off the streets and into services, whether that’s emergency housing, mental health services, substance abuse treatment or all of the above,” Newsom said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Mayor Libby Schaff applauded Newsom’s announcement, saying the new fund demonstrates that state and local priorities regarding homelessness are in agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We must do more than just shelter people,” said Schaff, who was appointed by Newsom to a state advisory group on homelessness in July. “We must prevent people from becoming homeless in the first place and we must get them permanently and securely housed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his executive order, the state will develop accountability metrics that are tied to funding, which will measure whether local governments are making progress on getting people off the streets and into shelter. The governor’s office didn’t make clear what those metrics are in its press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED News' \u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">Erin Baldassari and \u003c/i>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "could-changing-how-transgender-inmates-are-housed-make-prison-safer-for-them",
"title": "Transgender Prisoners Say They 'Never Feel Safe.' Could a Proposed Law Help?",
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"headTitle": "Transgender Prisoners Say They ‘Never Feel Safe.’ Could a Proposed Law Help? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Reader advisory: \u003ci>Some accounts of violence in this story contain explicit details and strong language that some may find upsetting.\u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmen Guerrero spent less than nine hours with her new cellmate before he murdered her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Jonathan Wilson, boyfriend of Carmen Guerrero, a transgender woman killed by her prison cellmate']‘Carmen died being who she wanted to be as a woman and it cost her her life.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miguel Crespo had told corrections officers at Kern Valley State Prison that he would kill Guerrero, a transgender woman who wore her hair long and tweezed her eyebrows, if he was forced to share a cell with her, according to an inmate who witnessed the incident and testified at Crespo’s murder trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Crespo moved in, Guerrero, 48, began filling out a form that prosecutors believe she intended to use as part of a transfer request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He stated he is not compatible with me. I’m worried to be raped again,” Guerrero wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794398\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11794398\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_GuerreroK06560-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A prison photo of Carmen Guerrero, a transgender woman killed by her cellmate at Kern Valley State Prison in late 2013. Her cellmate, Miguel Crespo, was sentenced to death in her murder in December 2019. Her family said in court that they didn't have any photos of Carmen because they were lost in a house fire.\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_GuerreroK06560-qut.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_GuerreroK06560-qut-160x200.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A prison photo of Carmen Guerrero, a transgender woman killed by her cellmate at Kern Valley State Prison in late 2013. Her cellmate, Miguel Crespo, was sentenced to death in her murder in December 2019. Her family said in court that they didn’t have any photos of Carmen because they were lost in a house fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prison guards told Crespo the move would be temporary, the other inmate testified. Later that night, after Crespo strangled Guerrero, he called the guards over and said, “You didn’t believe me. I told you I was gonna kill [Guerrero],” according to the inmate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crespo, who told the trial judge he had previously attacked a gay prisoner, argued in court he shouldn’t have been housed with Guerrero. In December, the judge sentenced Crespo to death for the 2013 murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation\u003c/a> would not comment specifically on the Guerrero case, but said it is “committed to addressing the safety concerns” of transgender, intersex and nonbinary prisoners. The department also said it introduced a \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A031dfb3b-7149-4fc0-97db-82b5323c027a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">screening form\u003c/a> in 2017 intended to prevent potential abusers and victims from residing in the same cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Jennifer Levi, director of advocacy group GLAD’s Transgender Rights Project']‘We are seeing a trend towards a greater understanding of the need to provide humane housing and treatment of transgender people who are incarcerated.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates backing a bill pending in the California State Legislature on safe housing for transgender prisoners said the killing was an example of how CDCR has failed transgender inmates. \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB132\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Senate Bill 132\u003c/a> would allow prisoners to live with those who match the gender they identify with — not the one they were assigned at birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Crespo] should never have been in the cell with the girl,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/fatima-shabazz-b5058a176/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fatima Shabazz\u003c/a>, a former inmate and transgender prisoner activist who is working on SB 132. “The whole point in the bill is to prevent things like this from happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Meerkamper, an attorney at the \u003ca href=\"https://transgenderlawcenter.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Transgender Law Center\u003c/a>, agreed the pair should not have been housed together and said the U.S. Constitution requires prisons to protect inmates they know to be in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to get a lot clearer than having someone saying, ‘I am going to kill this person,’ and then doing it,” Meerkamper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A Greater Understanding’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Transgender inmates have long been identified as a vulnerable population. Neither California nor the federal government tracks prison homicides by gender identity, but the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/svpjri1112.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">most recent federal data\u003c/a>, from 2011-12, found 40% of transgender prisoners reported being the victim of a sexual assault within the previous 12 months — 10 times the percentage of non-transgender inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 132 is the latest in a growing number of efforts nationwide to drive those numbers down and make prison less overtly hostile for transgender people. Spurred by advocates, inmates, state lawmakers and some corrections officials, the initiatives include gender-affirming housing, medical care, clothing and other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing a trend towards a greater understanding of the need to provide humane housing and treatment of transgender people who are incarcerated,” said Jennifer Levi, director of the Transgender Rights Project for advocacy group GLBTQ Legal Advocates & Defenders (\u003ca href=\"https://www.glad.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GLAD\u003c/a>). “There’s also a growing understanding within corrections systems of the need to respond to transgender people humanely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the situation portrayed by transgender prisoners and their advocates is complex, with the acknowledgment of progress tempered by violent incidents and allegations they say are indicative of how far the penitentiary system still has to go in providing a safe environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR is like trying to push a boulder uphill,” said one inmate, Ava Fey. “There’s that inertia principle where once it’s stopped and it’s happy with how it is, it does not want to change or move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I Fought Constantly’: Pushing for Change From Inside Prison\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the California Medical Facility, a state prison in Vacaville, one of the new transgender-related accommodations is a workout club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Amy Miller, associate director of CDCR’s Female Offender Programs and Services, adult division']‘The sentence in coming to state prison, that’s the punishment. Right? You shouldn’t be required to identify a different way simply because you committed a crime and you’ve been given a sentence.’[/pullquote]Last summer, a group of transgender women, who were wearing sports bras, leggings, shorts and tank tops, shot hoops, walked laps, peddled on stationary bikes and paused to gossip in what looked like an ordinary high school gym. The women are among the state’s 1,200 inmates who identify as transgender, gender-nonconforming or intersex — a little less than 1% of the prison population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I fought constantly and constantly with staff to do something for the girls here at CMF,” inmate Jazzie Paradize Scott, serving time for second-degree robbery, said to a soundtrack of hip-hop and buzzing black fans. “I wanted them to have a safe place where they can wear their shorts, their bras and their tops and their little tennis shoes and come out and just be ladies and be able to work out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794376\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794376\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Makayla Fennell, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, plays basketball with two other transgender women, including Yekaterina Wesa Patience (right), on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Makayla Fennell, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, plays basketball with two other transgender women, including Yekaterina Wesa Patience (right), on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a circle of women stretching, Mark Peaches Cates, 58, said she’d never had the chance to exercise with just transgender women. Gym time with men had made her uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You couldn’t be yourself,” said Cates, who is in prison for second-degree murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794378\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794378\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Dallas Rachael Goosen, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dallas Rachael Goosen, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, many transgender-related services have been implemented after an inmate sued the state prison system over its refusal to provide her with gender-affirmation surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Candice Destiny-Rene Love, who accuses CDCR of failing to protect gay and transgender inmates']‘I love who I am and I love being me, but after the rape and attack, I wondered, if I wasn’t trans, would I still be going through what I’m going through? I don’t think so.’[/pullquote]CDCR \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A02f599b4-42fc-40d2-8764-6bcf65de4ad5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">settled\u003c/a> with the prisoner, Shiloh Heavenly Quine, in 2015, agreeing to perform the surgery and becoming the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/transgender-inmate-says-women-s-prison-torture-n737676\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first prison system\u003c/a> in the nation to set \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A4dace6e8-5ad9-481f-912c-91f7ebd25398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guidelines\u003c/a> for other transgender inmates to seek approval for the operation. As of September, CDCR said at least four prisoners had undergone the surgery. About 175 have applied and 19 have been approved as of November, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge in the Quine case also \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Ac3321e30-eed1-4ead-b908-67ebf68f59db\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ordered\u003c/a> California prisons to make available to transgender inmates such gender-affirming items as clothing, jewelry and makeup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The benefits of that order could be seen at a transgender support group at the prison in Vacaville, where women put makeup on one another and talked about having to previously resort to DIY tricks in order to fashion cosmetics — using pastels, wax pencils, Kool-Aid, cocoa and coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794368\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794368\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"James Star Henderson (left) puts makeup on Dallas Rachael Goosen during a transgender support group meeting at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Star Henderson (left) puts makeup on Dallas Rachael Goosen during a transgender support group meeting at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One hack, according to 59-year-old Cary Smith: Running a Q-tip over baby oil pooled on a Colgate toothpaste box. The result: pink eyeshadow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing makeup “makes me feel like I’m a step closer to being who I really am. … I feel like I can keep going,” said Smith, who is serving time for assault with a deadly weapon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794371\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794371\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Jarrett Angel Williams, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, on July 25, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jarrett Angel Williams, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, on July 25, 2019. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘You Were Here to Serve Others’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>CDCR said it doesn’t track violence in California prisons for any subset of inmates, including those who are transgender. A rare data point comes from a \u003ca href=\"https://ucicorrections.seweb.uci.edu/files/2013/06/BulletinVol2Issue2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2007 study\u003c/a> that included interviews with 39 transgender prisoners at a single state prison: 59% reported being sexually assaulted, 13 times the rate for non-transgender prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a time when being a transgender in prison, it was pretty hopeless. It was dark. You were here to serve others,” Cary Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transgender prisoners at CMF had plenty of traumatic incidents to recount. Yekaterina Wesa Patience said she was playing dominoes and smoking a joint with her cellmate in Pelican Bay State Prison in the late 1990s when he suddenly got on top of her and raped her. That sent her into the closet for nearly 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Yekaterina West Patience, who said she was twice raped in prison in the 1990s']‘I immediately cut all my hair off, kept my head bald … I grew a mustache and a goatee, and tried to adopt the hardest walk I could on the yard. I was terrified of it happening again, and I was not going to be out for somebody else to do it.’[/pullquote]“I immediately cut all my hair off, kept my head bald … I grew a mustache and a goatee, and tried to adopt the hardest walk I could on the yard,” said Patience, imprisoned for first-degree murder and other crimes. “I was terrified of it happening again, and I was not going to be out for somebody else to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Patience said, she was raped again, about 18 months later at Mule Creek State Prison. (KQED could not verify most of the alleged attacks reported by Patience and the other prisoners in this story; CDCR said it investigates allegations, but federal law prevents it from sharing details about specific cases.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bella Birrell, imprisoned for first-degree murder, also said she’d been sexually assaulted in prison. “They had a motto back in those days: It was either fight or fuck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794370\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794370\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"David Bella Birrell (left) and Jarrett Angel Williams, transgender women housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, on June 11, 2019, in the prison gym.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Bella Birrell (left) and Jarrett Angel Williams, transgender women housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, on June 11, 2019, in the prison gym. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Life-Saving Legislation’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In recent years, a flurry of laws and \u003ca href=\"https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/5/8/18618926/transgender-inmate-seeks-clemency-cites-retaliation-after-reporting-abuse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuits\u003c/a>, many from prisoners like Quine, have forced systemic \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/news/2019/01/26/transgender-inmate-transferred-womens-prison\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">changes\u003c/a> in the way penal systems in some states treat transgender prisoners. In\u003ca href=\"https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/5/8/18618926/transgender-inmate-seeks-clemency-cites-retaliation-after-reporting-abuse\"> Illinois, \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acluofnorthcarolina.org/en/news/kanautica-zayre-brown-transferred-womens-facility\"> North Carolina\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/01/24/transgender-inmate-moved-women-prison/Nf2k5Oqa3Ojnh1yH1IwWkL/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Massachusetts\u003c/a>, transgender inmates have won in court the right to transfer to women’s prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, transgender prisoners in Colorado \u003ca href=\"http://transgenderlawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Class-Action-Trans-Women-Complaint.pdf\"> brought a class action against\u003c/a> state prison officials over a lack of safe housing; and three transgender inmates in Texas filed a lawsuit seeking to \u003ca href=\"https://dfw.cbslocal.com/2019/12/06/transgender-women-fight-texas-law-that-restricts-inmates-from-changing-name/\"> legally change their names.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a law allowing prisoners to change their \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebar.com/news/news/275618\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gender and name\u003c/a> took effect in late 2018. SB 132, the California bill that would let transgender inmates choose, with some exceptions, whether to be imprisoned in a men’s or women’s facility, is similar to measures enacted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/connecticut-transgender-prisoners-first-us-win-right-be-housed-according-947312\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connecticut\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mass.gov/info-details/mass-general-laws-c127-ss-32a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Massachusetts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Transgender inmates are some of the most marginalized members of society,” said \u003ca href=\"https://sd11.senate.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state Sen. Scott Wiener\u003c/a>, D-San Francisco, SB 132’s sponsor. “They need more support. The housing aspect is one piece of the puzzle. And it’s a really significant one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passage of Wiener’s bill would be “lifesaving,” said \u003ca href=\"http://bambysalcedo.com\">Bamby Salcedo\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based transgender activist who spent 14 years in California jails and prisons. Salcedo said the measure would allow transgender inmates to do their time “away from harassment and violence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed the state Senate last year, but did not get a floor vote in the Assembly. Wiener, who put the measure on hold until this year to discuss the issue with prisoners, believes it will pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Federal Standards Not Met\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wiener’s bill would also bring California in line with federal standards laid out in the Prison Rape Elimination Act, or PREA. These regulations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2012/06/20/2012-12427/national-standards-to-prevent-detect-and-respond-to-prison-rape\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">which took effect in August 2012\u003c/a>, recognize transgender inmates as a vulnerable population and stipulate that transgender housing assignments must ensure prisoners’ health and safety. Audits for each facility must be conducted every three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/186/2019/06/cmf-2017-prea-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal audit\u003c/a> found that CDCR’s policy of housing transgender inmates based solely on their biological sex ran afoul of PREA guidelines and that the department didn’t take into account the prisoners’ own views about their safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, CDCR said, it implemented a \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A031dfb3b-7149-4fc0-97db-82b5323c027a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">screening tool\u003c/a> used to assess risk of victimization. The agency also said its current housing policy requires every inmate receive a case-by-case review of where they are imprisoned, with no restriction on living in a men’s or women’s facility based solely on anatomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize that when we’re dealing with our transgender men and women, that our staff need much more guidance when they’re looking at what appropriate housing looks like,” said Amy Miller, associate director of CDCR’s Female Offender Programs and Services, adult division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794375\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794375\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"James Star Henderson (right) and Mark Peaches Cate, two transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, take their pulse after exercising in the prison gym on June 11, 2019. Pictured left is their coach, Jeremiah Holland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Star Henderson (right) and Mark Peaches Cate, two transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, take their pulse after exercising in the prison gym on June 11, 2019. Pictured left is their coach, Jeremiah Holland. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, CDCR couldn’t point to any transgender prisoners, besides the few who had undergone gender-affirmation surgery, who had been allowed to switch facilities. The department said it doesn’t track that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harper Jean Tobin, policy director at the \u003ca href=\"https://transequality.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Center for Transgender Equality\u003c/a>, said while some states have improved their rules on transgender housing, frequently the policies “only exist on paper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, contrary to the federal PREA rules, most transgender prisoners continue to be housed automatically with the sex they were assigned at birth, which is often dangerous for them,” Tobin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘You Never Feel Safe’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At CMF, transgender women had mixed reactions to the idea of changing living facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birrell, 67, called Wiener’s housing bill “insanity” and worried about potential conflicts with the existing female prisoner population. She already likes the community resulting from CDCR’s present system of transgender hubs — 14 prisons that offer special medical and mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But inmate Ava Fey said she would likely “run” to a women’s prison for reasons of safety. Living with women would also offer something that’s eluded her for decades: women whom she could emulate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been hiding so long — the mannerisms — I’ve kind of tucked them in and locked it away,” said Fey, who was convicted of first-degree murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794380\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yekaterina Wesa Patience, 44, said she’d “love” to transfer to a women’s prison as well: “I think that would eliminate a lot of the problems of being sexually assaulted or being raped, pressured.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You just never feel safe here,” she said. “You never feel like you can let your guard down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other women, many who live on their own in single cells, said they were fine staying at CMF. Jazzie Paradize Scott, 47, who said she lives in a dorm with 150 men and a few other transgender women, sees the benefits of moving to a women’s prison, but views her current housing choice as a form of activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want them to be able to see me for who I [am],” she said. “I thought it would be a good idea for me to come out and mingle — not just for the trans women and to show that we can conquer even in the dorm living situation — but just to be able to exist with the males in CMF.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794377\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794377\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Jazzie Paradize Scott, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jazzie Paradize Scott, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Transgender men at the Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla had a different take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='State Sen. Scott Wiener on SB 132, housing legislation he has proposed for transgender prisoners']‘Transgender inmates are some of the most marginalized members of society. They need more support. The housing aspect is one piece of the puzzle. And it’s a really significant one.’[/pullquote]“I already fight for my life in this prison. How do you think I’m going to fare in a male institution even before surgery?” said 52-year-old Diamond Vargas, serving time for assault with a semiautomatic firearm. “There’s not a hormone shot in the world [we could take so that] we’re going to make it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shiloh Heavenly Quine, 60, whose lawsuit spurred many of the changes around incarcerating transgender inmates in the state, is one of a few prisoners to have lived in both men’s and women’s prisons. Despite experiencing some bullying that she said landed her in administrative segregation, she feels much safer in the women’s facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People get sliced every now and then. … People get hit with locks every now and then, you have that, but all in all it’s pretty mellow here,” said Quine, who is incarcerated at CCWF for first-degree murder. “This is easy time. I call it Prisneyland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State Prisons Adapt\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California prison officials say they’re trying to stay part of the national conversation on transgender issues. Besides creating support groups, \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A0a3108af-70bc-4032-9efc-54290f73af5d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">changes in recent years\u003c/a> include directives to prison staff to use preferred pronouns and the hosting of events like a post-release transgender resource fair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Quine settlement, CDCR polled transgender inmates about preferred cosmetic and hygenic items and then mandated that prison canteens carry them. \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Af24b92e1-6def-406b-9978-c651981f9dc5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Options for clothing\u003c/a> have expanded: Available items now include scoop-necked shirts for transgender women and chest-flattening binders for transgender men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sentence in coming to state prison, that’s the punishment. Right?” said CDCR’s Miller. “You shouldn’t be required to identify a different way simply because you committed a crime and you’ve been given a sentence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794369\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794369\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"James Star Henderson (left) and Cary Smith, share a laugh during a transgender support group meeting at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Star Henderson (left) and Cary Smith, share a laugh during a transgender support group meeting at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, a number of the transgender prisoners at CMF said conditions for them have improved. Birrell said the situation took a positive turn in the mid-2000s: “It’s been a long process. But things are a lot better today than they have been.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates said they expect that lawsuits and laws will continue to force changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That will have to continue because of just so much pervasive lack of information across correction systems,” said Levi of GLAD. “But I’m also hopeful that won’t be the exclusive way in which we see things move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794372\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794372\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Yekaterina Wesa Patience, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yekaterina Wesa Patience, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘If I Wasn’t Trans …’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite these changes, transgender prisoners have continued to allege mistreatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Somebody hit me in the side and then just choked me out, just choked me out,” Fey said of an attack earlier this year in the kitchen at CMF, which she attributed to her gender identity. Fey provided KQED with documentation of the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A2a0aab67-79b7-4295-b7cc-d4f2478ac864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">transgender woman\u003c/a> and a gender-fluid person have filed \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Ac96c3d9c-a558-4e9f-b3d2-750bf5aaf3ba\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal lawsuits\u003c/a> alleging they were physically assaulted and verbally harassed by officers in 2017 at CCWF because of their gender identity (CDCR declined to comment on pending litigation). And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/186/2019/06/svsp-2018-prea-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal prison audit\u003c/a> in 2018 noted reports from transgender inmates in Salinas Valley State Prison that they had been sexually abused and “targeted” because of their gender identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at Salinas Valley State Prison, a transgender woman was found dead in her cell in April 2017, with a pencil shoved through her ear and down her neck. The Monterey County coroner’s office said the cause of death is \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A11627193-07a9-4d73-9f40-ed93c62aba08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">undetermined\u003c/a>; the county’s district attorney, Jeannine Pacioni, said it had rejected the case due to lack of evidence indicating a murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11794850,news_11795125]At CMF, a transgender woman, Candice Destiny-Rene Love, \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Abe0f3c18-4fef-4c13-9008-f64e502a503f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">alleged in a federal lawsuit\u003c/a> that she was slashed in the head and face with a box cutter by a former boyfriend in 2016, and raped at the California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison in Corcoran a year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love, 34, accuses CDCR of failing to protect gay and transgender inmates and of not giving her adequate medical care after the 2016 attack led to the development of keloids, bulbous folds of scar tissue she said have caused painful nerve damage and hearing loss. CDCR declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love who I am and I love being me, but after the rape and attack, I wondered, if I wasn’t trans, would I still be going through what I’m going through? I don’t think so,” wrote Love, who is serving time for vehicle theft, in a letter to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The Complete Me’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As the prison system attempts to adapt to the transgender rights movement in society at large, a number of transgender prisoners can finally transition, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After nearly two decades closeted in prison, Patience came out as transgender in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite hearing that some transgender women had difficulties going into a women’s prison, she said: “It still wouldn’t detract or turn me away from trying to be the complete me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fey feels the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Somebody has got to be the forerunner for this stuff. If somebody goes in and acts right … it opens the door for the next girl behind you. And after a while, if you’re acceptable, you’ll be accepted,” Fey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Resources' link1='https://www.blackandpink.org/penpal-newsletter, Black and Pink' link2='https://transequality.org/about-transgender, National Center for Transgender Equality' link3='http://www.tgijp.org/, TGI Justice Project' link4='https://www.wcl.american.edu/impact/initiatives-programs/center/programs/access-to-justice/project-for-transgender-incarcerated-survivors/, Project for Transgender Incarcerated Survivors' link5='https://transgenderlawcenter.org/volunteer, Transgender Law Center']For Carmen Guerrero’s family, there isn’t much solace. At her killer’s trial, her mom, Mary Talamantez Flores, testified that the youngest of her six kids liked to bake, and that she was beloved by an older sister, who watched out for her at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While in prison, Guerrero, serving time for second-degree murder, often wrote home and seemed OK, Flores said. She learned via telegram that Guerrero had been killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My baby was gone,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guerrero’s boyfriend, Jonathan Wilson, also an inmate, said he has struggled with grief and depression after her death. At the trial, he confirmed her handwriting on the form where she said she feared being raped by her killer. What she wrote told him she was pleading for her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson wrote KQED in August: “Carmen died being who she wanted to be as a woman and it cost her her life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>KQED News’ Monica Lam contributed to this report.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Questions? Comments for the reporter? Contact her: mleitsinger@kqed.org\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Transgender inmates suffer high rates of violence in prison. A flurry of lawsuits and laws, including a new state housing bill, aims to drive down that violence — but will it work?",
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"title": "Transgender Prisoners Say They 'Never Feel Safe.' Could a Proposed Law Help? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Reader advisory: \u003ci>Some accounts of violence in this story contain explicit details and strong language that some may find upsetting.\u003c/i>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmen Guerrero spent less than nine hours with her new cellmate before he murdered her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Carmen died being who she wanted to be as a woman and it cost her her life.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miguel Crespo had told corrections officers at Kern Valley State Prison that he would kill Guerrero, a transgender woman who wore her hair long and tweezed her eyebrows, if he was forced to share a cell with her, according to an inmate who witnessed the incident and testified at Crespo’s murder trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Crespo moved in, Guerrero, 48, began filling out a form that prosecutors believe she intended to use as part of a transfer request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He stated he is not compatible with me. I’m worried to be raped again,” Guerrero wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794398\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11794398\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_GuerreroK06560-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A prison photo of Carmen Guerrero, a transgender woman killed by her cellmate at Kern Valley State Prison in late 2013. Her cellmate, Miguel Crespo, was sentenced to death in her murder in December 2019. Her family said in court that they didn't have any photos of Carmen because they were lost in a house fire.\" width=\"480\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_GuerreroK06560-qut.jpg 480w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_GuerreroK06560-qut-160x200.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A prison photo of Carmen Guerrero, a transgender woman killed by her cellmate at Kern Valley State Prison in late 2013. Her cellmate, Miguel Crespo, was sentenced to death in her murder in December 2019. Her family said in court that they didn’t have any photos of Carmen because they were lost in a house fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prison guards told Crespo the move would be temporary, the other inmate testified. Later that night, after Crespo strangled Guerrero, he called the guards over and said, “You didn’t believe me. I told you I was gonna kill [Guerrero],” according to the inmate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crespo, who told the trial judge he had previously attacked a gay prisoner, argued in court he shouldn’t have been housed with Guerrero. In December, the judge sentenced Crespo to death for the 2013 murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation\u003c/a> would not comment specifically on the Guerrero case, but said it is “committed to addressing the safety concerns” of transgender, intersex and nonbinary prisoners. The department also said it introduced a \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A031dfb3b-7149-4fc0-97db-82b5323c027a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">screening form\u003c/a> in 2017 intended to prevent potential abusers and victims from residing in the same cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We are seeing a trend towards a greater understanding of the need to provide humane housing and treatment of transgender people who are incarcerated.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates backing a bill pending in the California State Legislature on safe housing for transgender prisoners said the killing was an example of how CDCR has failed transgender inmates. \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB132\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Senate Bill 132\u003c/a> would allow prisoners to live with those who match the gender they identify with — not the one they were assigned at birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Crespo] should never have been in the cell with the girl,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/fatima-shabazz-b5058a176/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fatima Shabazz\u003c/a>, a former inmate and transgender prisoner activist who is working on SB 132. “The whole point in the bill is to prevent things like this from happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Meerkamper, an attorney at the \u003ca href=\"https://transgenderlawcenter.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Transgender Law Center\u003c/a>, agreed the pair should not have been housed together and said the U.S. Constitution requires prisons to protect inmates they know to be in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard to get a lot clearer than having someone saying, ‘I am going to kill this person,’ and then doing it,” Meerkamper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A Greater Understanding’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Transgender inmates have long been identified as a vulnerable population. Neither California nor the federal government tracks prison homicides by gender identity, but the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/svpjri1112.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">most recent federal data\u003c/a>, from 2011-12, found 40% of transgender prisoners reported being the victim of a sexual assault within the previous 12 months — 10 times the percentage of non-transgender inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 132 is the latest in a growing number of efforts nationwide to drive those numbers down and make prison less overtly hostile for transgender people. Spurred by advocates, inmates, state lawmakers and some corrections officials, the initiatives include gender-affirming housing, medical care, clothing and other services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing a trend towards a greater understanding of the need to provide humane housing and treatment of transgender people who are incarcerated,” said Jennifer Levi, director of the Transgender Rights Project for advocacy group GLBTQ Legal Advocates & Defenders (\u003ca href=\"https://www.glad.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GLAD\u003c/a>). “There’s also a growing understanding within corrections systems of the need to respond to transgender people humanely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the situation portrayed by transgender prisoners and their advocates is complex, with the acknowledgment of progress tempered by violent incidents and allegations they say are indicative of how far the penitentiary system still has to go in providing a safe environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR is like trying to push a boulder uphill,” said one inmate, Ava Fey. “There’s that inertia principle where once it’s stopped and it’s happy with how it is, it does not want to change or move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I Fought Constantly’: Pushing for Change From Inside Prison\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the California Medical Facility, a state prison in Vacaville, one of the new transgender-related accommodations is a workout club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The sentence in coming to state prison, that’s the punishment. Right? You shouldn’t be required to identify a different way simply because you committed a crime and you’ve been given a sentence.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Last summer, a group of transgender women, who were wearing sports bras, leggings, shorts and tank tops, shot hoops, walked laps, peddled on stationary bikes and paused to gossip in what looked like an ordinary high school gym. The women are among the state’s 1,200 inmates who identify as transgender, gender-nonconforming or intersex — a little less than 1% of the prison population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I fought constantly and constantly with staff to do something for the girls here at CMF,” inmate Jazzie Paradize Scott, serving time for second-degree robbery, said to a soundtrack of hip-hop and buzzing black fans. “I wanted them to have a safe place where they can wear their shorts, their bras and their tops and their little tennis shoes and come out and just be ladies and be able to work out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794376\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794376\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Makayla Fennell, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, plays basketball with two other transgender women, including Yekaterina Wesa Patience (right), on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Mikayla-bball3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Makayla Fennell, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, plays basketball with two other transgender women, including Yekaterina Wesa Patience (right), on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a circle of women stretching, Mark Peaches Cates, 58, said she’d never had the chance to exercise with just transgender women. Gym time with men had made her uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You couldn’t be yourself,” said Cates, who is in prison for second-degree murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794378\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794378\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Dallas Rachael Goosen, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-6-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dallas Rachael Goosen, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In California, many transgender-related services have been implemented after an inmate sued the state prison system over its refusal to provide her with gender-affirmation surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I love who I am and I love being me, but after the rape and attack, I wondered, if I wasn’t trans, would I still be going through what I’m going through? I don’t think so.’",
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"citation": "Candice Destiny-Rene Love, who accuses CDCR of failing to protect gay and transgender inmates",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>CDCR \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A02f599b4-42fc-40d2-8764-6bcf65de4ad5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">settled\u003c/a> with the prisoner, Shiloh Heavenly Quine, in 2015, agreeing to perform the surgery and becoming the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/transgender-inmate-says-women-s-prison-torture-n737676\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first prison system\u003c/a> in the nation to set \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A4dace6e8-5ad9-481f-912c-91f7ebd25398\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guidelines\u003c/a> for other transgender inmates to seek approval for the operation. As of September, CDCR said at least four prisoners had undergone the surgery. About 175 have applied and 19 have been approved as of November, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge in the Quine case also \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Ac3321e30-eed1-4ead-b908-67ebf68f59db\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ordered\u003c/a> California prisons to make available to transgender inmates such gender-affirming items as clothing, jewelry and makeup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The benefits of that order could be seen at a transgender support group at the prison in Vacaville, where women put makeup on one another and talked about having to previously resort to DIY tricks in order to fashion cosmetics — using pastels, wax pencils, Kool-Aid, cocoa and coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794368\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794368\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"James Star Henderson (left) puts makeup on Dallas Rachael Goosen during a transgender support group meeting at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Rachel-makeup-Star-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Star Henderson (left) puts makeup on Dallas Rachael Goosen during a transgender support group meeting at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One hack, according to 59-year-old Cary Smith: Running a Q-tip over baby oil pooled on a Colgate toothpaste box. The result: pink eyeshadow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing makeup “makes me feel like I’m a step closer to being who I really am. … I feel like I can keep going,” said Smith, who is serving time for assault with a deadly weapon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794371\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794371\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Jarrett Angel Williams, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, on July 25, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-lipstick-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jarrett Angel Williams, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, on July 25, 2019. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘You Were Here to Serve Others’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>CDCR said it doesn’t track violence in California prisons for any subset of inmates, including those who are transgender. A rare data point comes from a \u003ca href=\"https://ucicorrections.seweb.uci.edu/files/2013/06/BulletinVol2Issue2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2007 study\u003c/a> that included interviews with 39 transgender prisoners at a single state prison: 59% reported being sexually assaulted, 13 times the rate for non-transgender prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a time when being a transgender in prison, it was pretty hopeless. It was dark. You were here to serve others,” Cary Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transgender prisoners at CMF had plenty of traumatic incidents to recount. Yekaterina Wesa Patience said she was playing dominoes and smoking a joint with her cellmate in Pelican Bay State Prison in the late 1990s when he suddenly got on top of her and raped her. That sent her into the closet for nearly 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I immediately cut all my hair off, kept my head bald … I grew a mustache and a goatee, and tried to adopt the hardest walk I could on the yard. I was terrified of it happening again, and I was not going to be out for somebody else to do it.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I immediately cut all my hair off, kept my head bald … I grew a mustache and a goatee, and tried to adopt the hardest walk I could on the yard,” said Patience, imprisoned for first-degree murder and other crimes. “I was terrified of it happening again, and I was not going to be out for somebody else to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Patience said, she was raped again, about 18 months later at Mule Creek State Prison. (KQED could not verify most of the alleged attacks reported by Patience and the other prisoners in this story; CDCR said it investigates allegations, but federal law prevents it from sharing details about specific cases.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bella Birrell, imprisoned for first-degree murder, also said she’d been sexually assaulted in prison. “They had a motto back in those days: It was either fight or fuck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794370\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794370\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"David Bella Birrell (left) and Jarrett Angel Williams, transgender women housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, on June 11, 2019, in the prison gym.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Angel-Bella-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Bella Birrell (left) and Jarrett Angel Williams, transgender women housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, on June 11, 2019, in the prison gym. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Life-Saving Legislation’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In recent years, a flurry of laws and \u003ca href=\"https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/5/8/18618926/transgender-inmate-seeks-clemency-cites-retaliation-after-reporting-abuse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lawsuits\u003c/a>, many from prisoners like Quine, have forced systemic \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/news/2019/01/26/transgender-inmate-transferred-womens-prison\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">changes\u003c/a> in the way penal systems in some states treat transgender prisoners. In\u003ca href=\"https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/5/8/18618926/transgender-inmate-seeks-clemency-cites-retaliation-after-reporting-abuse\"> Illinois, \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acluofnorthcarolina.org/en/news/kanautica-zayre-brown-transferred-womens-facility\"> North Carolina\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2019/01/24/transgender-inmate-moved-women-prison/Nf2k5Oqa3Ojnh1yH1IwWkL/story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Massachusetts\u003c/a>, transgender inmates have won in court the right to transfer to women’s prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, transgender prisoners in Colorado \u003ca href=\"http://transgenderlawcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Class-Action-Trans-Women-Complaint.pdf\"> brought a class action against\u003c/a> state prison officials over a lack of safe housing; and three transgender inmates in Texas filed a lawsuit seeking to \u003ca href=\"https://dfw.cbslocal.com/2019/12/06/transgender-women-fight-texas-law-that-restricts-inmates-from-changing-name/\"> legally change their names.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, a law allowing prisoners to change their \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebar.com/news/news/275618\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gender and name\u003c/a> took effect in late 2018. SB 132, the California bill that would let transgender inmates choose, with some exceptions, whether to be imprisoned in a men’s or women’s facility, is similar to measures enacted in \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/connecticut-transgender-prisoners-first-us-win-right-be-housed-according-947312\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connecticut\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.mass.gov/info-details/mass-general-laws-c127-ss-32a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Massachusetts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Transgender inmates are some of the most marginalized members of society,” said \u003ca href=\"https://sd11.senate.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state Sen. Scott Wiener\u003c/a>, D-San Francisco, SB 132’s sponsor. “They need more support. The housing aspect is one piece of the puzzle. And it’s a really significant one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passage of Wiener’s bill would be “lifesaving,” said \u003ca href=\"http://bambysalcedo.com\">Bamby Salcedo\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-based transgender activist who spent 14 years in California jails and prisons. Salcedo said the measure would allow transgender inmates to do their time “away from harassment and violence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed the state Senate last year, but did not get a floor vote in the Assembly. Wiener, who put the measure on hold until this year to discuss the issue with prisoners, believes it will pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Federal Standards Not Met\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wiener’s bill would also bring California in line with federal standards laid out in the Prison Rape Elimination Act, or PREA. These regulations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2012/06/20/2012-12427/national-standards-to-prevent-detect-and-respond-to-prison-rape\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">which took effect in August 2012\u003c/a>, recognize transgender inmates as a vulnerable population and stipulate that transgender housing assignments must ensure prisoners’ health and safety. Audits for each facility must be conducted every three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/186/2019/06/cmf-2017-prea-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal audit\u003c/a> found that CDCR’s policy of housing transgender inmates based solely on their biological sex ran afoul of PREA guidelines and that the department didn’t take into account the prisoners’ own views about their safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, CDCR said, it implemented a \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A031dfb3b-7149-4fc0-97db-82b5323c027a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">screening tool\u003c/a> used to assess risk of victimization. The agency also said its current housing policy requires every inmate receive a case-by-case review of where they are imprisoned, with no restriction on living in a men’s or women’s facility based solely on anatomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize that when we’re dealing with our transgender men and women, that our staff need much more guidance when they’re looking at what appropriate housing looks like,” said Amy Miller, associate director of CDCR’s Female Offender Programs and Services, adult division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794375\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794375\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"James Star Henderson (right) and Mark Peaches Cate, two transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, take their pulse after exercising in the prison gym on June 11, 2019. Pictured left is their coach, Jeremiah Holland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Coach-Star-Peaches-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Star Henderson (right) and Mark Peaches Cate, two transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville, take their pulse after exercising in the prison gym on June 11, 2019. Pictured left is their coach, Jeremiah Holland. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, CDCR couldn’t point to any transgender prisoners, besides the few who had undergone gender-affirmation surgery, who had been allowed to switch facilities. The department said it doesn’t track that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harper Jean Tobin, policy director at the \u003ca href=\"https://transequality.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Center for Transgender Equality\u003c/a>, said while some states have improved their rules on transgender housing, frequently the policies “only exist on paper.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, contrary to the federal PREA rules, most transgender prisoners continue to be housed automatically with the sex they were assigned at birth, which is often dangerous for them,” Tobin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘You Never Feel Safe’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At CMF, transgender women had mixed reactions to the idea of changing living facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birrell, 67, called Wiener’s housing bill “insanity” and worried about potential conflicts with the existing female prisoner population. She already likes the community resulting from CDCR’s present system of transgender hubs — 14 prisons that offer special medical and mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But inmate Ava Fey said she would likely “run” to a women’s prison for reasons of safety. Living with women would also offer something that’s eluded her for decades: women whom she could emulate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been hiding so long — the mannerisms — I’ve kind of tucked them in and locked it away,” said Fey, who was convicted of first-degree murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794380\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Ava-table-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ava Fey, a transgender woman who started taking hormone replacement therapy in January, at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yekaterina Wesa Patience, 44, said she’d “love” to transfer to a women’s prison as well: “I think that would eliminate a lot of the problems of being sexually assaulted or being raped, pressured.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You just never feel safe here,” she said. “You never feel like you can let your guard down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other women, many who live on their own in single cells, said they were fine staying at CMF. Jazzie Paradize Scott, 47, who said she lives in a dorm with 150 men and a few other transgender women, sees the benefits of moving to a women’s prison, but views her current housing choice as a form of activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want them to be able to see me for who I [am],” she said. “I thought it would be a good idea for me to come out and mingle — not just for the trans women and to show that we can conquer even in the dorm living situation — but just to be able to exist with the males in CMF.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794377\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794377\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Jazzie Paradize Scott, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_stretch-3-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jazzie Paradize Scott, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on June 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Sruti Mamidanna/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Transgender men at the Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla had a different take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Transgender inmates are some of the most marginalized members of society. They need more support. The housing aspect is one piece of the puzzle. And it’s a really significant one.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I already fight for my life in this prison. How do you think I’m going to fare in a male institution even before surgery?” said 52-year-old Diamond Vargas, serving time for assault with a semiautomatic firearm. “There’s not a hormone shot in the world [we could take so that] we’re going to make it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shiloh Heavenly Quine, 60, whose lawsuit spurred many of the changes around incarcerating transgender inmates in the state, is one of a few prisoners to have lived in both men’s and women’s prisons. Despite experiencing some bullying that she said landed her in administrative segregation, she feels much safer in the women’s facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People get sliced every now and then. … People get hit with locks every now and then, you have that, but all in all it’s pretty mellow here,” said Quine, who is incarcerated at CCWF for first-degree murder. “This is easy time. I call it Prisneyland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State Prisons Adapt\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California prison officials say they’re trying to stay part of the national conversation on transgender issues. Besides creating support groups, \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A0a3108af-70bc-4032-9efc-54290f73af5d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">changes in recent years\u003c/a> include directives to prison staff to use preferred pronouns and the hosting of events like a post-release transgender resource fair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Quine settlement, CDCR polled transgender inmates about preferred cosmetic and hygenic items and then mandated that prison canteens carry them. \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Af24b92e1-6def-406b-9978-c651981f9dc5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Options for clothing\u003c/a> have expanded: Available items now include scoop-necked shirts for transgender women and chest-flattening binders for transgender men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sentence in coming to state prison, that’s the punishment. Right?” said CDCR’s Miller. “You shouldn’t be required to identify a different way simply because you committed a crime and you’ve been given a sentence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794369\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794369\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"James Star Henderson (left) and Cary Smith, share a laugh during a transgender support group meeting at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_CJ-Star-laughing-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Star Henderson (left) and Cary Smith, share a laugh during a transgender support group meeting at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, a number of the transgender prisoners at CMF said conditions for them have improved. Birrell said the situation took a positive turn in the mid-2000s: “It’s been a long process. But things are a lot better today than they have been.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates said they expect that lawsuits and laws will continue to force changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That will have to continue because of just so much pervasive lack of information across correction systems,” said Levi of GLAD. “But I’m also hopeful that won’t be the exclusive way in which we see things move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11794372\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11794372\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Yekaterina Wesa Patience, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/01/PHOTO_Kat-ID-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yekaterina Wesa Patience, a transgender woman housed at the California Medical Facility in Vacaville on July 25, 2019. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘If I Wasn’t Trans …’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite these changes, transgender prisoners have continued to allege mistreatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Somebody hit me in the side and then just choked me out, just choked me out,” Fey said of an attack earlier this year in the kitchen at CMF, which she attributed to her gender identity. Fey provided KQED with documentation of the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A2a0aab67-79b7-4295-b7cc-d4f2478ac864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">transgender woman\u003c/a> and a gender-fluid person have filed \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Ac96c3d9c-a558-4e9f-b3d2-750bf5aaf3ba\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal lawsuits\u003c/a> alleging they were physically assaulted and verbally harassed by officers in 2017 at CCWF because of their gender identity (CDCR declined to comment on pending litigation). And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/186/2019/06/svsp-2018-prea-report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal prison audit\u003c/a> in 2018 noted reports from transgender inmates in Salinas Valley State Prison that they had been sexually abused and “targeted” because of their gender identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at Salinas Valley State Prison, a transgender woman was found dead in her cell in April 2017, with a pencil shoved through her ear and down her neck. The Monterey County coroner’s office said the cause of death is \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A11627193-07a9-4d73-9f40-ed93c62aba08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">undetermined\u003c/a>; the county’s district attorney, Jeannine Pacioni, said it had rejected the case due to lack of evidence indicating a murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At CMF, a transgender woman, Candice Destiny-Rene Love, \u003ca href=\"https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Abe0f3c18-4fef-4c13-9008-f64e502a503f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">alleged in a federal lawsuit\u003c/a> that she was slashed in the head and face with a box cutter by a former boyfriend in 2016, and raped at the California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison in Corcoran a year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love, 34, accuses CDCR of failing to protect gay and transgender inmates and of not giving her adequate medical care after the 2016 attack led to the development of keloids, bulbous folds of scar tissue she said have caused painful nerve damage and hearing loss. CDCR declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love who I am and I love being me, but after the rape and attack, I wondered, if I wasn’t trans, would I still be going through what I’m going through? I don’t think so,” wrote Love, who is serving time for vehicle theft, in a letter to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The Complete Me’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As the prison system attempts to adapt to the transgender rights movement in society at large, a number of transgender prisoners can finally transition, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After nearly two decades closeted in prison, Patience came out as transgender in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite hearing that some transgender women had difficulties going into a women’s prison, she said: “It still wouldn’t detract or turn me away from trying to be the complete me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fey feels the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Somebody has got to be the forerunner for this stuff. If somebody goes in and acts right … it opens the door for the next girl behind you. And after a while, if you’re acceptable, you’ll be accepted,” Fey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"link1": "https://www.blackandpink.org/penpal-newsletter, Black and Pink",
"link2": "https://transequality.org/about-transgender, National Center for Transgender Equality",
"link3": "http://www.tgijp.org/, TGI Justice Project",
"link4": "https://www.wcl.american.edu/impact/initiatives-programs/center/programs/access-to-justice/project-for-transgender-incarcerated-survivors/, Project for Transgender Incarcerated Survivors",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For Carmen Guerrero’s family, there isn’t much solace. At her killer’s trial, her mom, Mary Talamantez Flores, testified that the youngest of her six kids liked to bake, and that she was beloved by an older sister, who watched out for her at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While in prison, Guerrero, serving time for second-degree murder, often wrote home and seemed OK, Flores said. She learned via telegram that Guerrero had been killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My baby was gone,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guerrero’s boyfriend, Jonathan Wilson, also an inmate, said he has struggled with grief and depression after her death. At the trial, he confirmed her handwriting on the form where she said she feared being raped by her killer. What she wrote told him she was pleading for her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson wrote KQED in August: “Carmen died being who she wanted to be as a woman and it cost her her life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>KQED News’ Monica Lam contributed to this report.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Questions? Comments for the reporter? Contact her: mleitsinger@kqed.org\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sofar Sounds—a company that books small, acoustic concerts at houses, stores and office spaces—has reached a $460,357.50 settlement with the New York State Department of Labor, \u003ca href=\"https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/whats-next-for-sofar-sounds-and-its-genius-volunteer-based-business-model-1203325982/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Variety\u003c/em> reports\u003c/a>. The money will be distributed among 654 unpaid workers, or, in Sofar parlance, “ambassadors,” who staffed concerts for the for-profit company between 2016 and 2019. [aside postid='arts_13857471']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement comes after years of scrutiny of Sofar Sounds’ business model. Since its debut in London in 2009, the startup expanded to hundreds of cities across the globe, including San Francisco, Santa Cruz and San Jose, and became profitable by charging at the door for “secret shows” while using volunteer crews and paying musicians negligible stipends. When KQED’s Emma Silvers broke the story of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13114272/sofar-sounds-house-shows-airbnb-middleman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sofar Sounds’ labor practices\u003c/a> in 2017, the company was valued at an estimated $22 million, with investment from Virgin’s Richard Branson. Meanwhile, bands were compensated with videos of their performances (and no cash), and then paid $50 per concert once they became “Sofar alums” and played additional shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they talk a lot about supporting local artists, but what they’re actually doing is perpetuating the idea that it’s okay for musicians to get paid shit,” Oakland singer-songwriter Madeline Kinney told KQED at the time. [aside postid='arts_13114272']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/21/how-sofar-sounds-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TechCrunch\u003c/a> reported that Sofar upped its fees to $100 per band for a 25 minute set (which can work out to less than minimum wage when factoring in musicians’ travel and rehearsal time). The hosts who volunteered their homes as venues weren’t paid, yet Sofar made at least $1,000 to $1,600 per show, according to the report. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sofarsounds.com/blog/articles/how-money-works-at-a-sofar-show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent blog post\u003c/a>, Sofar CEO Jim Lucchese promised to increase artist compensation for bigger shows in February 2020. In September 2019, the company also pledged to hire paid, part-time crews to staff its concerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the Department of Labor opened its investigation, Sofar cooperated fully and immediately changed its business model,” the New York State Department of Labor wrote in an announcement. “Sofar now staffs all its events with paid employees. The company also agreed to immediately compensate ambassadors who provided any unpaid work.” [aside postid='arts_13852882']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the settlement was reached, a Sofar spokesperson told \u003cem>Variety\u003c/em>: “Today’s agreement with the New York State Department of Labor stipulates no admission of guilt or wrongdoing and confirms our operating model is fully compliant with New York state law. We thank them for working collaboratively with us in New York, Sofar’s biggest U.S. market. We are excited about resolving these issues and moving forward in 2020, with a continued focus on connecting local and independent musicians with passionate music fans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sofar Sounds—a company that books small, acoustic concerts at houses, stores and office spaces—has reached a $460,357.50 settlement with the New York State Department of Labor, \u003ca href=\"https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/whats-next-for-sofar-sounds-and-its-genius-volunteer-based-business-model-1203325982/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Variety\u003c/em> reports\u003c/a>. The money will be distributed among 654 unpaid workers, or, in Sofar parlance, “ambassadors,” who staffed concerts for the for-profit company between 2016 and 2019. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement comes after years of scrutiny of Sofar Sounds’ business model. Since its debut in London in 2009, the startup expanded to hundreds of cities across the globe, including San Francisco, Santa Cruz and San Jose, and became profitable by charging at the door for “secret shows” while using volunteer crews and paying musicians negligible stipends. When KQED’s Emma Silvers broke the story of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13114272/sofar-sounds-house-shows-airbnb-middleman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sofar Sounds’ labor practices\u003c/a> in 2017, the company was valued at an estimated $22 million, with investment from Virgin’s Richard Branson. Meanwhile, bands were compensated with videos of their performances (and no cash), and then paid $50 per concert once they became “Sofar alums” and played additional shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they talk a lot about supporting local artists, but what they’re actually doing is perpetuating the idea that it’s okay for musicians to get paid shit,” Oakland singer-songwriter Madeline Kinney told KQED at the time. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2019/05/21/how-sofar-sounds-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TechCrunch\u003c/a> reported that Sofar upped its fees to $100 per band for a 25 minute set (which can work out to less than minimum wage when factoring in musicians’ travel and rehearsal time). The hosts who volunteered their homes as venues weren’t paid, yet Sofar made at least $1,000 to $1,600 per show, according to the report. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sofarsounds.com/blog/articles/how-money-works-at-a-sofar-show\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent blog post\u003c/a>, Sofar CEO Jim Lucchese promised to increase artist compensation for bigger shows in February 2020. In September 2019, the company also pledged to hire paid, part-time crews to staff its concerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the Department of Labor opened its investigation, Sofar cooperated fully and immediately changed its business model,” the New York State Department of Labor wrote in an announcement. “Sofar now staffs all its events with paid employees. The company also agreed to immediately compensate ambassadors who provided any unpaid work.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trump Administration May Now Send Mexican Asylum-Seekers to ... Guatemala",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>U.S. immigration authorities may now send Mexicans seeking asylum at the U.S. border to Guatemala — a country plagued by violence — so they can seek protections in that country instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the expansion of a policy that has already sent dozens of Honduran and Salvadoran asylum-seekers from the U.S. border to Guatemala was first reported by \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/hamedaleaziz/trump-immigration-deporting-refugees-mexico-guatemala-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BuzzFeed News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Homeland Security confirmed its policy change, made possible under an \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_1028_opa_factsheet-northern-central-america-agreements_v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agreement\u003c/a> signed in July between the U.S. and Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certain Mexicans seeking humanitarian protections in the United States may now be eligible to be transferred to Guatemala and given the opportunity to seek protection there, under the terms of the Guatemala Asylum Cooperative Agreement,” a DHS spokesman said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Harley Shaiken, UC Berkeley\"]'It’s Orwellian logic run amok ... thousands of Guatemalans are fleeing violence and persecution there. And to use this country to locate Mexican asylum-seekers is cruel and dangerous.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHS did not respond to requests for more information on who among Mexican nationals will be considered for such transfers, or whether the policy is now being implemented along the California-Mexico border. The plan has been in place in Texas since November, according to BuzzFeed News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move by the Trump administration is the latest in a series of policies aimed at restricting asylum protections and deterring illegal border crossings. High-ranking immigration officials maintain the asylum system is being exploited by migrants who are merely seeking economic opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, U.S. immigration courts decided more than 4,400 asylum cases of Guatemalans who told border officials they had a credible fear of returning to their country, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1111476/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">government figures\u003c/a>. Immigrants who pass a credible fear interview with asylum officers, are then referred to an immigration judge to pursue their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexican officials expressed “disagreement” with the DHS plan and said it could affect about 900 applicants beginning in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Government of Mexico, together with state and local authorities, will work to offer better options to Mexicans who may be affected by this provision,” said the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs \u003ca href=\"https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-expresses-its-disagreement-with-us-plan-to-send-mexican-asylum-seekers-to-guatemala-to-continue-their-cases-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a statement\u003c/a>. “The Foreign Ministry will closely monitor compliance with the human rights set forth in the international agreements signed and ratified by both Mexico and the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guatemala remains one of the most dangerous countries in the world, with an “alarmingly high” murder rate driven in part by drug traffickers, criminal gangs and a justice system unable to hold many criminals accountable, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/5f31517e-62bb-4f2c-8956-15f4aeaab930\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Coverage\" tag=\"asylum\"]Hundreds of clients at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.immdef.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Immigrant Defenders Law Center\u003c/a> are Guatemalan asylum-seekers “often fleeing unspeakable violence,” said Lindsay Toczylowski, executive director of the organization, which has several offices in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that the U.S. government is now going to send asylum-seekers from Mexico and elsewhere to a place that we know to be incredibly dangerous is a stunning betrayal of the commitment to human rights that our country has long aspired to uphold,” Toczylowski said. “This new agreement is further proof of the Trump administration’s intention to completely dismantle the asylum protection system in the U.S. and to close our doors to the most vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley Shaiken, who directs the Center for Latin American Studies at UC Berkeley, said the Guatemalan government does not have the ability to ensure a fair and efficient asylum process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It defies logic given the weak institutions and the increasing impunity in Guatemala to think that the government could process Mexicans who are fleeing persecution or evaluate their claims fairly,” Shaiken said. “It’s very dangerous, and the U.S. government is essentially fleeing it’s moral responsibilities but also its legal responsibilities under international agreements that we’ve signed, and even U.S. law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s beyond the pale,\" Shaiken added. \"It’s Orwellian logic run amok ... thousands of Guatemalans are fleeing violence and persecution there. And to use this country to locate Mexican asylum-seekers is cruel and dangerous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. immigration authorities may now send Mexicans seeking asylum at the U.S. border to Guatemala — a country plagued by violence — so they can seek protections in that country instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the expansion of a policy that has already sent dozens of Honduran and Salvadoran asylum-seekers from the U.S. border to Guatemala was first reported by \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/hamedaleaziz/trump-immigration-deporting-refugees-mexico-guatemala-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BuzzFeed News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Homeland Security confirmed its policy change, made possible under an \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/19_1028_opa_factsheet-northern-central-america-agreements_v2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agreement\u003c/a> signed in July between the U.S. and Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certain Mexicans seeking humanitarian protections in the United States may now be eligible to be transferred to Guatemala and given the opportunity to seek protection there, under the terms of the Guatemala Asylum Cooperative Agreement,” a DHS spokesman said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, U.S. immigration courts decided more than 4,400 asylum cases of Guatemalans who told border officials they had a credible fear of returning to their country, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/1111476/download\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">government figures\u003c/a>. Immigrants who pass a credible fear interview with asylum officers, are then referred to an immigration judge to pursue their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexican officials expressed “disagreement” with the DHS plan and said it could affect about 900 applicants beginning in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Government of Mexico, together with state and local authorities, will work to offer better options to Mexicans who may be affected by this provision,” said the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs \u003ca href=\"https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-expresses-its-disagreement-with-us-plan-to-send-mexican-asylum-seekers-to-guatemala-to-continue-their-cases-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in a statement\u003c/a>. “The Foreign Ministry will closely monitor compliance with the human rights set forth in the international agreements signed and ratified by both Mexico and the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guatemala remains one of the most dangerous countries in the world, with an “alarmingly high” murder rate driven in part by drug traffickers, criminal gangs and a justice system unable to hold many criminals accountable, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.osac.gov/Content/Report/5f31517e-62bb-4f2c-8956-15f4aeaab930\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Department of State Overseas Security Advisory Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Hundreds of clients at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.immdef.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Immigrant Defenders Law Center\u003c/a> are Guatemalan asylum-seekers “often fleeing unspeakable violence,” said Lindsay Toczylowski, executive director of the organization, which has several offices in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that the U.S. government is now going to send asylum-seekers from Mexico and elsewhere to a place that we know to be incredibly dangerous is a stunning betrayal of the commitment to human rights that our country has long aspired to uphold,” Toczylowski said. “This new agreement is further proof of the Trump administration’s intention to completely dismantle the asylum protection system in the U.S. and to close our doors to the most vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley Shaiken, who directs the Center for Latin American Studies at UC Berkeley, said the Guatemalan government does not have the ability to ensure a fair and efficient asylum process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It defies logic given the weak institutions and the increasing impunity in Guatemala to think that the government could process Mexicans who are fleeing persecution or evaluate their claims fairly,” Shaiken said. “It’s very dangerous, and the U.S. government is essentially fleeing it’s moral responsibilities but also its legal responsibilities under international agreements that we’ve signed, and even U.S. law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s beyond the pale,\" Shaiken added. \"It’s Orwellian logic run amok ... thousands of Guatemalans are fleeing violence and persecution there. And to use this country to locate Mexican asylum-seekers is cruel and dangerous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After he’s sworn in on Wednesday as San Francisco’s new district attorney, Chesa Boudin will need to get straight to work building relationships with city and law enforcement leaders if he wants a shot at turning his anti-establishment campaign promises into action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boudin joins a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/23/us-justice-system-progressive-prosecutors-mass-incarceration-death-penalty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new guard of progressive prosecutors\u003c/a> across the country who have taken office in recent years. Although many \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/25/us/prosecutors-criminal-justice.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">have faced pushback\u003c/a> as they’ve tried to implement reforms, scholars and politicos say Boudin may have better odds putting his platform into place in a liberal stronghold like San Francisco. Still, he’s likely to encounter divisiveness as residents here grapple with a desire to both improve the quality of life on the street and tamp down incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/chesaboudin/status/1206101292679983105\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Movement at a Crossroads\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11786680/chesa-boudin-on-his-district-attorney-victory-parents-incarceration-and-travels-in-south-america\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interview following his win\u003c/a>, Boudin told KQED he was inspired to run for DA after seeing the success of progressive candidates in other cities who also sought to rethink local criminal justice policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I watched with amazement and awe as people like Larry Krasner in Philadelphia and Rachael Rollins in Boston and Kim Foxx in Chicago, and so many more across the country, ran for district attorney and won with a platform focused on decarceration,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Were we gonna look back in five or 10 years and see the work that those folks achieved as the pinnacle of what this reform movement could accomplish? Or were we going to see that as a critical foundation and starting point for a much more wide-reaching and broad reform effort?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Nathan Ballard, Political Consultant\"]“Never before in our history have we had so many DAs who are explicitly running on an anti-incarceration message and winning.”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boudin campaigned on a number of specific criminal justice reforms, including creating a \u003ca href=\"https://www.chesaboudin.com/wrongful_convictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wrongful Conviction Unit\u003c/a> and an Innocence Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone saw reform written in the stars. During the election, Boudin fought the more politically centrist San Francisco political establishment to narrowly clinch the election. When then-DA George Gascón decided to step down early in October, Mayor London Breed appointed DA candidate Suzy Loftus as interim DA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many thought the move \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778248/s-f-mayor-breed-picks-suzy-loftus-as-interim-da-to-replace-gascon-one-month-before-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gave Loftus an unfair advantage\u003c/a>, and her opponents accused her of cronyism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The San Francisco centrist establishment did everything they could to crush [Boudin],” said University of San Francisco Law School professor Lara Bazelon. “And that included the mayor installing Suzy Loftus as the interim DA as a way to put her thumb on the election.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California political heavyweights like Gov. Gavin Newsom and Sens. Dianne Feinstein and Kamala Harris also endorsed Loftus, while the San Francisco Police Officers Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/sf-police-officers-association-accused-of-trying-to-buy-district-attorney-race\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spent over $600,000\u003c/a> on negative campaign ads targeting Boudin in the lead-up to the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09f60G0JObY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, the POA was not only challenging the candidate, [it was] challenging the legitimacy of the movement nationally,” said Corey Cook, a political scientist at St. Mary’s College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook said local DA races have become the foreground of the national movement against mass incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan Ballard, a longtime political consultant in San Francisco, said the uptick in the number of new liberal prosecutors across the country is notable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never before in our history have we had so many DAs who are explicitly running on an anti-incarceration message and winning,” Ballard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the support of a majority of voters, this new class of DAs will still have to work within a framework that might be more resistant to major change. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In other cities and states, state attorneys general are intervening with a more tough-on-crime law and order approach,” Ballard said. “And they are interfering with the DAs’ more progressive inclinations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Rethinking the Roots of Incarceration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>During San Francisco’s heated DA’s race, the candidates’ platforms often boiled down to quality of life fixes versus major criminal justice reform, explained Cook. Residents’ frustrations with things like drug paraphernalia and car break-ins, he noted, are butting up against their desires for a more thoughtful approach to crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It becomes very difficult to find nuance when the stakes are perceived on both sides as being so high,” Cook said. “And the much likelier result is that the divide will become hardened rather than that you have room for people to sort of reach common ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing crime and recidivism rates are goals shared by criminal justice agencies across the state said former San Francisco Sheriff Ross Mirkarimi. What’s missing, he said, is a leader to create a consensus about how to achieve those goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is not a new era that has been articulated yet by Sacramento,” Mirkarimi said. “Boudin can help fill that void and answer the question for San Francisco and for the state, ‘What [does] criminal justice reform look like?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11651244\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11651244\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-800x612.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco Deputy Public Defender Chesa Boudin discusses bail reform on Feb. 20, 2018, at the city's Hall of Justice. A recent California appellate court ruling requires judges to consider a defendant's ability to pay when setting bail.\" width=\"800\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-800x612.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-1020x780.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-1180x902.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-960x734.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-240x184.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-375x287.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-520x398.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chesa Boudin, then San Francisco’s deputy public defender, discusses bail reform at the city’s Hall of Justice in early 2018. \u003ccite>(Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even if Boudin does get pushback, his election — and the victories of his peers — still sends a strong message that people are fed up with mass incarceration as a cure-all, said USF’s Lara Bazelon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have used the criminal justice system as essentially this dumping ground,” she said. “And there is this extremely unrealistic expectation that it’s a hospital, that it’s a school. It’s none of those things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make real change, it’s not just the DAs who will need to re-envision the way they approach law enforcement, Bazelon said. “You have to look to people like the mayor and ask yourself, if we have the homeless crisis … and people commit crimes out of dire poverty and mental illness, it’s time for other officials in the city to step up and realize that this is a problem that is vastly beyond the scope of the district attorney.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boudin has told KQED he’s committed to working with officials who opposed him during the election — but whether he can succeed in creating a DA’s office like none other in the country remains to be seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After he’s sworn in on Wednesday as San Francisco’s new district attorney, Chesa Boudin will need to get straight to work building relationships with city and law enforcement leaders if he wants a shot at turning his anti-establishment campaign promises into action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boudin joins a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/23/us-justice-system-progressive-prosecutors-mass-incarceration-death-penalty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new guard of progressive prosecutors\u003c/a> across the country who have taken office in recent years. Although many \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/25/us/prosecutors-criminal-justice.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">have faced pushback\u003c/a> as they’ve tried to implement reforms, scholars and politicos say Boudin may have better odds putting his platform into place in a liberal stronghold like San Francisco. Still, he’s likely to encounter divisiveness as residents here grapple with a desire to both improve the quality of life on the street and tamp down incarceration.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003ch3>A Movement at a Crossroads\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11786680/chesa-boudin-on-his-district-attorney-victory-parents-incarceration-and-travels-in-south-america\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">interview following his win\u003c/a>, Boudin told KQED he was inspired to run for DA after seeing the success of progressive candidates in other cities who also sought to rethink local criminal justice policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I watched with amazement and awe as people like Larry Krasner in Philadelphia and Rachael Rollins in Boston and Kim Foxx in Chicago, and so many more across the country, ran for district attorney and won with a platform focused on decarceration,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Were we gonna look back in five or 10 years and see the work that those folks achieved as the pinnacle of what this reform movement could accomplish? Or were we going to see that as a critical foundation and starting point for a much more wide-reaching and broad reform effort?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boudin campaigned on a number of specific criminal justice reforms, including creating a \u003ca href=\"https://www.chesaboudin.com/wrongful_convictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wrongful Conviction Unit\u003c/a> and an Innocence Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone saw reform written in the stars. During the election, Boudin fought the more politically centrist San Francisco political establishment to narrowly clinch the election. When then-DA George Gascón decided to step down early in October, Mayor London Breed appointed DA candidate Suzy Loftus as interim DA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many thought the move \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11778248/s-f-mayor-breed-picks-suzy-loftus-as-interim-da-to-replace-gascon-one-month-before-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gave Loftus an unfair advantage\u003c/a>, and her opponents accused her of cronyism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The San Francisco centrist establishment did everything they could to crush [Boudin],” said University of San Francisco Law School professor Lara Bazelon. “And that included the mayor installing Suzy Loftus as the interim DA as a way to put her thumb on the election.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California political heavyweights like Gov. Gavin Newsom and Sens. Dianne Feinstein and Kamala Harris also endorsed Loftus, while the San Francisco Police Officers Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktvu.com/news/sf-police-officers-association-accused-of-trying-to-buy-district-attorney-race\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spent over $600,000\u003c/a> on negative campaign ads targeting Boudin in the lead-up to the election.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/09f60G0JObY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/09f60G0JObY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“To me, the POA was not only challenging the candidate, [it was] challenging the legitimacy of the movement nationally,” said Corey Cook, a political scientist at St. Mary’s College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook said local DA races have become the foreground of the national movement against mass incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan Ballard, a longtime political consultant in San Francisco, said the uptick in the number of new liberal prosecutors across the country is notable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never before in our history have we had so many DAs who are explicitly running on an anti-incarceration message and winning,” Ballard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with the support of a majority of voters, this new class of DAs will still have to work within a framework that might be more resistant to major change. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In other cities and states, state attorneys general are intervening with a more tough-on-crime law and order approach,” Ballard said. “And they are interfering with the DAs’ more progressive inclinations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Rethinking the Roots of Incarceration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>During San Francisco’s heated DA’s race, the candidates’ platforms often boiled down to quality of life fixes versus major criminal justice reform, explained Cook. Residents’ frustrations with things like drug paraphernalia and car break-ins, he noted, are butting up against their desires for a more thoughtful approach to crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It becomes very difficult to find nuance when the stakes are perceived on both sides as being so high,” Cook said. “And the much likelier result is that the divide will become hardened rather than that you have room for people to sort of reach common ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing crime and recidivism rates are goals shared by criminal justice agencies across the state said former San Francisco Sheriff Ross Mirkarimi. What’s missing, he said, is a leader to create a consensus about how to achieve those goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is not a new era that has been articulated yet by Sacramento,” Mirkarimi said. “Boudin can help fill that void and answer the question for San Francisco and for the state, ‘What [does] criminal justice reform look like?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11651244\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11651244\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-800x612.jpg\" alt=\"San Francisco Deputy Public Defender Chesa Boudin discusses bail reform on Feb. 20, 2018, at the city's Hall of Justice. A recent California appellate court ruling requires judges to consider a defendant's ability to pay when setting bail.\" width=\"800\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-800x612.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-1020x780.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-1180x902.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-960x734.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-240x184.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-375x287.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/RS29496_alt_690-520x398.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chesa Boudin, then San Francisco’s deputy public defender, discusses bail reform at the city’s Hall of Justice in early 2018. \u003ccite>(Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even if Boudin does get pushback, his election — and the victories of his peers — still sends a strong message that people are fed up with mass incarceration as a cure-all, said USF’s Lara Bazelon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have used the criminal justice system as essentially this dumping ground,” she said. “And there is this extremely unrealistic expectation that it’s a hospital, that it’s a school. It’s none of those things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make real change, it’s not just the DAs who will need to re-envision the way they approach law enforcement, Bazelon said. “You have to look to people like the mayor and ask yourself, if we have the homeless crisis … and people commit crimes out of dire poverty and mental illness, it’s time for other officials in the city to step up and realize that this is a problem that is vastly beyond the scope of the district attorney.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boudin has told KQED he’s committed to working with officials who opposed him during the election — but whether he can succeed in creating a DA’s office like none other in the country remains to be seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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