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"content": "\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\" target=\"_blank\">'Rape on the Night Shift'\u003c/a> explores how sexual violence against janitors is going unreported and unpunished. Most janitors working at offices, airports and schools start their workday just when many of us are ending ours. Some are women, working alone at night … and that can put them in danger.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">M\u003c/span>aria Magaña is a tiny woman in her 50s. She’s practically dwarfed by the giant vacuum cleaner she straps on her back. We went on the job with her one night as she cleaned offices in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can't leave it dirty,” says Magaña, who’s so meticulous that she even uses a plastic fork to scrape dust out of the windowsills. “I dust most of the things, I even dust the signs. All these little windows, I clean ‘em.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magaña has been cleaning office buildings for nearly two decades. She used to work for \u003ca href=\"http://www.abm.com/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">ABM\u003c/a>, the nation’s largest janitorial company, founded in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10568194 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Magaña says her former supervisor at ABM took advantage of the fact that she worked alone, at night.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Magaña says her former supervisor at ABM took advantage of the fact that she worked alone, at night. \u003ccite>(Andres Cediel/IRP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You’ve probably been in an airport or office cleaned by one of its nearly 65,000 janitors. But you may not know that ABM has been sued by janitors across the country for failing to protect them from sexual harassment, even rape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He would grope her, grab her, taunt her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I hit him with my broom, and he said, ‘Maria, why are you so mad? What am I doing wrong? It’s just a caress, I’m just being affectionate,' ” recalls Magaña in Spanish. “I told him, ‘You get any closer and I’ll hit you with the handle.’ I would tell him, ‘I’m going to spray this cleaner in your eyes.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-10568395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-1440x1428.jpeg\" alt=\"night shift 4\" width=\"640\" height=\"635\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-1440x1428.jpeg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-400x397.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-800x793.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-1180x1170.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-960x952.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-32x32.jpeg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-64x64.jpeg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-96x96.jpeg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-128x128.jpeg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-75x75.jpeg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\n\u003ch2>Rape on the Night Shift\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>Part II: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/whats-government-doing-prevent-janitors-getting-raped-rape-on-the-night-shift/\">What’s the Government Doing to Prevent Janitors from Getting Raped?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Part III: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/former-janitors-working-as-undercover-investigators-rape-on-the-night-shift/\">Former Janitors Go Undercover to Clean Up Abuses\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/under-cover-of-darkness-female-janitors-face-rape-and-assault/\" target=\"_blank\">In-depth report by Reveal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/bajo-la-oscuridad-trabajadoras-de-limpieza-enfrentan-violaciones-y-acoso/\" target=\"_blank\">Reportaje detallado por Reveal en espanol\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Watch the Documentary\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://video.pbs.org/video/2365515054/\" target=\"_blank\">Frontline's \"Rape on the Night Shift\"\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://noticias.univision.com/article/2375918/2015-06-21/estados-unidos/noticias/violacion-de-un-sueno-jornada-nocturna\">Univision: en español\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003ch2>Talk About It\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>Tweet with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/TheNightShift?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\">#TheNightShift\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>\t\u003cem>Illustration by Matt Rota\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For years, Magaña tried to bury those memories. But now she drove us to the Bakersfield bank where she says that former supervisor assaulted her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bank was closed, but she peered in through the tinted glass door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Behind the stairs is the conference room where that man tricked me, got me into that room. He shoved me as soon as I walked in, and raped me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a state of shock, Magaña says, she cleaned herself up and finished working her shift. She says she felt too ashamed to tell anyone or go to the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magaña was one of 21 California women who were part of a lawsuit, brought by the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, claiming that ABM failed to protect them from sexual harassment and assault by 14 men working for the company. During a videotaped deposition with government lawyers, Magaña’s former supervisor, Jose Vasquez, denied assaulting her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did you have sex with Maria Magaña against her will at the ABM work site?” asked the government attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No,” answered Vasquez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did you rape Maria Magaña at the ABM worksite?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EEOC’s lead attorney, \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/meetings/1-19-11/park_bio.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Anna Park\u003c/a>, says it was one of the worst cases of sexual harassment she’d ever seen. “We did not believe they did all they could, and they allowed these women for years to be abused,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park says the company didn’t follow its own procedures for investigating complaints of abuse. They never followed up with a man who says he saw Vasquez harassing a female janitor or thoroughly investigated anonymous letters warning that Vasquez had a criminal record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568393\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-10568393\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"In a videotaped deposition, Magaña’s former supervisor, Jose Vasquez, denied assaulting her.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a videotaped deposition, Magaña’s former supervisor, Jose Vasquez, denied assaulting her.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Any good company will say, ‘Let’s investigate this, who else is affected? What else is going on?’ That didn’t happen here,\" Park says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Vasquez was a convicted rapist. But the officials who hired him didn't do a background check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ABM \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/9-2-10.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">settled the Central Valley case\u003c/a> for $5.8 million in 2010. Without admitting any wrongdoing, the company agreed to improve its investigations and policies around sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ABM is not the only company where janitors say they have been abused. \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/under-cover-of-darkness-female-janitors-face-rape-and-assault/\" target=\"_blank\">Our investigation\u003c/a> found that sexual violence is a problem at janitorial companies across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-10573481\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-800x443.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2015-06-22 at 5.58.11 PM\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-800x443.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-400x221.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-1440x797.png 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-1180x653.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-960x532.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-672x372.png 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-1038x576.png 1038w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM.png 1714w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n'We did not believe they did all they could, and they allowed those women for years to be abused.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Anna Park, EEOC lead attorney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But ABM is among a rare group of 15 American corporations that have been sued at least three times by the federal government for failing to protect workers from sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tried for more than a year to get an interview with ABM. They declined and would only send us a videotaped statement from Miranda Tolar, the company’s deputy general counsel for employment law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We take these issues very seriously,” Tolar said. “We believe that our policies and procedures are the gold standard in the industry. Our systems work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tolar also says employees go through sexual harassment prevention training and that the company provides a hotline for reporting concerns in 100 languages. ABM also sent us a letter saying our reporting is focusing on older cases, and that the company has improved their policies and practices since the EEOC case was settled.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>A videotaped statement from Miranda Tolar, ABM’s deputy general counsel for employment law.\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"partnerPlayer\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"400\" height=\"350\" src=\"https://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/tR1m05EwUzGNsvAdVp4b-w%3D%3D/?autop%0Alay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=false&endscreen=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Our investigation found that female janitors are still complaining about sexual harassment and abuse on the job at ABM. We found two recent lawsuits, for example, where female janitors in Los Angeles say they were fired after complaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jose Vasquez never faced criminal charges for assaulting a janitor. He resigned from ABM and started his own cleaning company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we tracked him down at his house near Bakersfield, he didn’t want to be recorded. “Some of those women,” he told us, “were just money hungry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Magaña still lives in a cramped house in Bakersfield, taking care of her elderly mother and teenage son. She says she’s had a hard time spending the settlement money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211532064\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can give me thousands and thousands of dollars, but to this day, I can’t spend the money with joy, because I see it as dirty,” says Magaña in Spanish, choking up. “That money won’t ease my pain, that filthy stain on my heart from that man who marked me. It won’t change the past, or clean how dirty I feel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>PART II:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/whats-government-doing-prevent-janitors-getting-raped-rape-on-the-night-shift/\" target=\"_blank\">What’s the Government Doing to Prevent Janitors from Getting Raped?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOur series continues with a look at how sexual violence against janitors isn’t even on the radar for the government agencies in charge of workplace safety.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573152\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/kqed.jpg\" alt=\"kqed\" width=\"83\" height=\"25\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/rape-on-the-night-shift/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573151\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/frontline.jpg\" alt=\"frontline\" width=\"93\" height=\"30\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://noticias.univision.com/article/2375918/2015-06-21/estados-unidos/noticias/violacion-de-un-sueno-jornada-nocturna\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573154\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/univision.jpg\" alt=\"univision\" width=\"58\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573155\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/reveal.jpg\" alt=\"reveal\" width=\"123\" height=\"44\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://investigativereportingprogram.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573156\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/irp2.jpg\" alt=\"irp2\" width=\"110\" height=\"48\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\" target=\"_blank\">'Rape on the Night Shift'\u003c/a> explores how sexual violence against janitors is going unreported and unpunished. Most janitors working at offices, airports and schools start their workday just when many of us are ending ours. Some are women, working alone at night … and that can put them in danger.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">M\u003c/span>aria Magaña is a tiny woman in her 50s. She’s practically dwarfed by the giant vacuum cleaner she straps on her back. We went on the job with her one night as she cleaned offices in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can't leave it dirty,” says Magaña, who’s so meticulous that she even uses a plastic fork to scrape dust out of the windowsills. “I dust most of the things, I even dust the signs. All these little windows, I clean ‘em.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magaña has been cleaning office buildings for nearly two decades. She used to work for \u003ca href=\"http://www.abm.com/Pages/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">ABM\u003c/a>, the nation’s largest janitorial company, founded in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10568194 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Magaña says her former supervisor at ABM took advantage of the fact that she worked alone, at night.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7383_Magana-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Magaña says her former supervisor at ABM took advantage of the fact that she worked alone, at night. \u003ccite>(Andres Cediel/IRP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You’ve probably been in an airport or office cleaned by one of its nearly 65,000 janitors. But you may not know that ABM has been sued by janitors across the country for failing to protect them from sexual harassment, even rape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He would grope her, grab her, taunt her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I hit him with my broom, and he said, ‘Maria, why are you so mad? What am I doing wrong? It’s just a caress, I’m just being affectionate,' ” recalls Magaña in Spanish. “I told him, ‘You get any closer and I’ll hit you with the handle.’ I would tell him, ‘I’m going to spray this cleaner in your eyes.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-10568395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-1440x1428.jpeg\" alt=\"night shift 4\" width=\"640\" height=\"635\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-1440x1428.jpeg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-400x397.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-800x793.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-1180x1170.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-960x952.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-32x32.jpeg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-64x64.jpeg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-96x96.jpeg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-128x128.jpeg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-4-75x75.jpeg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\n\u003ch2>Rape on the Night Shift\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>Part II: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/whats-government-doing-prevent-janitors-getting-raped-rape-on-the-night-shift/\">What’s the Government Doing to Prevent Janitors from Getting Raped?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Part III: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/former-janitors-working-as-undercover-investigators-rape-on-the-night-shift/\">Former Janitors Go Undercover to Clean Up Abuses\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/under-cover-of-darkness-female-janitors-face-rape-and-assault/\" target=\"_blank\">In-depth report by Reveal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/bajo-la-oscuridad-trabajadoras-de-limpieza-enfrentan-violaciones-y-acoso/\" target=\"_blank\">Reportaje detallado por Reveal en espanol\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Watch the Documentary\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://video.pbs.org/video/2365515054/\" target=\"_blank\">Frontline's \"Rape on the Night Shift\"\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://noticias.univision.com/article/2375918/2015-06-21/estados-unidos/noticias/violacion-de-un-sueno-jornada-nocturna\">Univision: en español\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003ch2>Talk About It\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>Tweet with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/TheNightShift?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\">#TheNightShift\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cp>\t\u003cem>Illustration by Matt Rota\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For years, Magaña tried to bury those memories. But now she drove us to the Bakersfield bank where she says that former supervisor assaulted her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bank was closed, but she peered in through the tinted glass door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Behind the stairs is the conference room where that man tricked me, got me into that room. He shoved me as soon as I walked in, and raped me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a state of shock, Magaña says, she cleaned herself up and finished working her shift. She says she felt too ashamed to tell anyone or go to the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magaña was one of 21 California women who were part of a lawsuit, brought by the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, claiming that ABM failed to protect them from sexual harassment and assault by 14 men working for the company. During a videotaped deposition with government lawyers, Magaña’s former supervisor, Jose Vasquez, denied assaulting her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did you have sex with Maria Magaña against her will at the ABM work site?” asked the government attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No,” answered Vasquez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did you rape Maria Magaña at the ABM worksite?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EEOC’s lead attorney, \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/meetings/1-19-11/park_bio.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Anna Park\u003c/a>, says it was one of the worst cases of sexual harassment she’d ever seen. “We did not believe they did all they could, and they allowed these women for years to be abused,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park says the company didn’t follow its own procedures for investigating complaints of abuse. They never followed up with a man who says he saw Vasquez harassing a female janitor or thoroughly investigated anonymous letters warning that Vasquez had a criminal record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10568393\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-10568393\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-1440x810.jpg\" alt=\"In a videotaped deposition, Magaña’s former supervisor, Jose Vasquez, denied assaulting her.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab3_VasquezDepo.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a videotaped deposition, Magaña’s former supervisor, Jose Vasquez, denied assaulting her.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Any good company will say, ‘Let’s investigate this, who else is affected? What else is going on?’ That didn’t happen here,\" Park says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Vasquez was a convicted rapist. But the officials who hired him didn't do a background check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ABM \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/9-2-10.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">settled the Central Valley case\u003c/a> for $5.8 million in 2010. Without admitting any wrongdoing, the company agreed to improve its investigations and policies around sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ABM is not the only company where janitors say they have been abused. \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/under-cover-of-darkness-female-janitors-face-rape-and-assault/\" target=\"_blank\">Our investigation\u003c/a> found that sexual violence is a problem at janitorial companies across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-10573481\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-800x443.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2015-06-22 at 5.58.11 PM\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-800x443.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-400x221.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-1440x797.png 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-1180x653.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-960x532.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-672x372.png 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM-1038x576.png 1038w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Screen-Shot-2015-06-22-at-5.58.11-PM.png 1714w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n'We did not believe they did all they could, and they allowed those women for years to be abused.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Anna Park, EEOC lead attorney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But ABM is among a rare group of 15 American corporations that have been sued at least three times by the federal government for failing to protect workers from sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tried for more than a year to get an interview with ABM. They declined and would only send us a videotaped statement from Miranda Tolar, the company’s deputy general counsel for employment law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We take these issues very seriously,” Tolar said. “We believe that our policies and procedures are the gold standard in the industry. Our systems work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tolar also says employees go through sexual harassment prevention training and that the company provides a hotline for reporting concerns in 100 languages. ABM also sent us a letter saying our reporting is focusing on older cases, and that the company has improved their policies and practices since the EEOC case was settled.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>A videotaped statement from Miranda Tolar, ABM’s deputy general counsel for employment law.\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"partnerPlayer\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"400\" height=\"350\" src=\"https://video.pbs.org/partnerplayer/tR1m05EwUzGNsvAdVp4b-w%3D%3D/?autop%0Alay=false&start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&topbar=false&endscreen=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Our investigation found that female janitors are still complaining about sexual harassment and abuse on the job at ABM. We found two recent lawsuits, for example, where female janitors in Los Angeles say they were fired after complaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jose Vasquez never faced criminal charges for assaulting a janitor. He resigned from ABM and started his own cleaning company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we tracked him down at his house near Bakersfield, he didn’t want to be recorded. “Some of those women,” he told us, “were just money hungry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Magaña still lives in a cramped house in Bakersfield, taking care of her elderly mother and teenage son. She says she’s had a hard time spending the settlement money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211532064&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211532064'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can give me thousands and thousands of dollars, but to this day, I can’t spend the money with joy, because I see it as dirty,” says Magaña in Spanish, choking up. “That money won’t ease my pain, that filthy stain on my heart from that man who marked me. It won’t change the past, or clean how dirty I feel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>PART II:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/whats-government-doing-prevent-janitors-getting-raped-rape-on-the-night-shift/\" target=\"_blank\">What’s the Government Doing to Prevent Janitors from Getting Raped?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOur series continues with a look at how sexual violence against janitors isn’t even on the radar for the government agencies in charge of workplace safety.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573152\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/kqed.jpg\" alt=\"kqed\" width=\"83\" height=\"25\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/rape-on-the-night-shift/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573151\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/frontline.jpg\" alt=\"frontline\" width=\"93\" height=\"30\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://noticias.univision.com/article/2375918/2015-06-21/estados-unidos/noticias/violacion-de-un-sueno-jornada-nocturna\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573154\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/univision.jpg\" alt=\"univision\" width=\"58\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573155\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/reveal.jpg\" alt=\"reveal\" width=\"123\" height=\"44\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://investigativereportingprogram.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573156\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/irp2.jpg\" alt=\"irp2\" width=\"110\" height=\"48\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Former Janitors Go Undercover to Clean Up Abuses",
"title": "Former Janitors Go Undercover to Clean Up Abuses",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003ch3>In the final part of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\" target=\"_blank\">'Rape on the Night Shift,'\u003c/a> we learn about a team of unconventional investigators working to hold the janitorial industry accountable.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he lights go out as the daytime office workers leave the building. And then, room by room, they flicker back on -- three stories of glass, lighting up like a shadow play. The silhouettes of janitors appear -- one polishing a window, another mopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two women are hiding outside, behind a palm tree, watching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, do you see them?” says Veronica Alvarado. “There’s a guy walking, he’s passing the vacuum, on the second floor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and Vicky Marquez are casing this office park in suburban Orange County. Marquez is less than 5 feet tall with heels on. Alvarado has tattoos and green highlights streaking through her hair. Hardly the picture of undercover investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-10573046\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-800x619.jpeg\" alt=\"night shift 2\" width=\"800\" height=\"619\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-800x619.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-400x310.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-1440x1115.jpeg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-1180x914.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-960x743.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\n\u003ch2>Rape on the Night Shift\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>Part I: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/working-alone-at-night-janitors-risk-sexual-violence-rape-on-the-night-shift/\">Working Alone, at Night, Janitors Risk Sexual Violence\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Part II: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/whats-government-doing-prevent-janitors-getting-raped-rape-on-the-night-shift/\">What’s the Government Doing to Prevent Janitors From Getting Raped?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/under-cover-of-darkness-female-janitors-face-rape-and-assault/\" target=\"_blank\">In-depth report by Reveal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/bajo-la-oscuridad-trabajadoras-de-limpieza-enfrentan-violaciones-y-acoso/\" target=\"_blank\">Reportaje detallado por Reveal en espanol\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Watch the Documentary\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://video.pbs.org/video/2365515054/\" target=\"_blank\">Frontline's \"Rape on the Night Shift\"\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://noticias.univision.com/article/2375918/2015-06-21/estados-unidos/noticias/violacion-de-un-sueno-jornada-nocturna\" target=\"_blank\">Univision: en español\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003ch2>Talk About It\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>Tweet with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/TheNightShift?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\">#TheNightShift\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chat with reporters Wednesday at 11 a.m. PT on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-california-report\" target=\"_blank\">californiareport.org.\u003c/a>\u003cem>Illustration by Matt Rota\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“So, we’re walking around the building to see the possible entryways. The workers are probably parking in the back of the building,” says Alvarado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re scouting out dumpsters where they might meet janitors taking out the trash. They want to talk to them about their working conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquez worked as a janitor for 15 years. She says, many times, janitors are getting work through unscrupulous subcontractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody can trick me and say some of this stuff is legal,” says Marquez in Spanish. “When they say they’re getting paid cash, their check doesn’t have a stub, or they tell me they earn $500 or $600 every two weeks, working six or seven days a week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquez and Alvarado work for a nonprofit that’s trying to root out abuses in the janitorial industry. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.janitorialwatch.org\" target=\"_blank\">Maintenance Cooperation Trust Fund\u003c/a>, or MCTF, deploys teams of investigators across California. It’s a joint effort by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seiu.org/division/property-services/justice-for-janitors/\" target=\"_blank\">Service Employees International Union\u003c/a>, representing janitors, and unionized janitorial companies, who don’t want to be undercut by black-market competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this night, the investigators are racing to get inside an office building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t run!” says Marquez. “That makes us look suspicious to the security cameras.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Magic, magic!” yelps Alvarado. They find the door still unlocked and head to the second floor, where they introduce themselves to two janitors and start talking to them about their working conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this night, they find some janitors who tell them they work seven nights a week without overtime, others who say they have to buy their own cleaning supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10573050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10573050\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Investigator Vicky Marquez talks to janitors on the night shift about their working conditions.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Investigator Vicky Marquez talks to janitors on the night shift about their working conditions. \u003ccite>(Daffodil Altan/CIR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But once in a while, they meet a woman who confides a darker secret, that she’s being sexually abused on the job. Georgina Hernandez was one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you need the job, you become a victim by not having the courage to say ‘no,’ \" says Hernandez in Spanish. “And if you say ‘no,’ you are going to lose the job. I didn’t have anyone to tell, someone to trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211537690\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez met investigator Vicky Marquez while working for a cleaning company that didn’t pay overtime or give rest breaks. The watchdog group helped Hernandez and other workers file \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/DIRNews/2014/2014-42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a complaint\u003c/a> with the state labor commissioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez grew to trust Marquez, who says she confided that a supervisor at another job sexually assaulted her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10573051\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10573051\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-800x798.jpg\" alt=\"Georgina Hernandez grew to trust Vicky Marquez and says she could confide in her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"798\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-800x798.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-400x399.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-1440x1436.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-1180x1177.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-960x957.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Georgina Hernandez grew to trust Vicky Marquez and says she could confide in her. \u003ccite>(Daffodil Altan/CIR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She said there were times when she wanted to die,” recalls Marquez. “As a woman, it’s hard to stand seeing another woman feeling like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I hadn’t met Vicky, I would have kept all this pain inside,” says Hernandez. “I wouldn’t have known how to speak about what happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Hernandez filed a civil suit, which settled last year. She can’t talk about the details of the case because she signed a confidentiality agreement with the janitorial company. But she could tell us how the experience changed her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have really learned not to let anyone take advantage of me, to say 'no,' ” says Hernandez. “I have learned to tell the other women I work with not to let anyone take advantage of them. That there is help for us, as janitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez is just one of the women we met during an 18-month investigation that exposed the problem of sexual abuse at janitorial companies across the nation. The industry is full of shadowy subcontractors. Even established companies with policies to protect workers have bungled investigations and have hidden complaints through secret legal settlements. Government agencies charged with worker safety have largely ignored the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Georgina Hernandez, she wonders why cleaning companies don’t ask janitors what they think would put a stop to sexual violence on the job. How about a buddy system for workers, or more women supervisors? Whatever it takes to protect janitors on the night shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\" target=\"_blank\">“Rape on the Night Shift”\u003c/a> was reported with Bernice Yeung and Daffodil Altan at \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>, and Lowell Bergman and Andres Cediel at the \u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>. It was produced in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/\" target=\"_blank\">Frontline\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://noticias.univision.com/article/2375918/2015-06-21/estados-unidos/noticias/violacion-de-un-sueno-jornada-nocturna\" target=\"_blank\">Univision\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573152\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/kqed.jpg\" alt=\"kqed\" width=\"83\" height=\"25\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/rape-on-the-night-shift/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573151\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/frontline.jpg\" alt=\"frontline\" width=\"93\" height=\"30\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://noticias.univision.com/article/2375918/2015-06-21/estados-unidos/noticias/violacion-de-un-sueno-jornada-nocturna\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573154\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/univision.jpg\" alt=\"univision\" width=\"58\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573155\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/reveal.jpg\" alt=\"reveal\" width=\"123\" height=\"44\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://investigativereportingprogram.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573156\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/irp2.jpg\" alt=\"irp2\" width=\"110\" height=\"48\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch3>In the final part of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\" target=\"_blank\">'Rape on the Night Shift,'\u003c/a> we learn about a team of unconventional investigators working to hold the janitorial industry accountable.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he lights go out as the daytime office workers leave the building. And then, room by room, they flicker back on -- three stories of glass, lighting up like a shadow play. The silhouettes of janitors appear -- one polishing a window, another mopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two women are hiding outside, behind a palm tree, watching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, do you see them?” says Veronica Alvarado. “There’s a guy walking, he’s passing the vacuum, on the second floor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and Vicky Marquez are casing this office park in suburban Orange County. Marquez is less than 5 feet tall with heels on. Alvarado has tattoos and green highlights streaking through her hair. Hardly the picture of undercover investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-10573046\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-800x619.jpeg\" alt=\"night shift 2\" width=\"800\" height=\"619\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-800x619.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-400x310.jpeg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-1440x1115.jpeg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-1180x914.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/night-shift-2-960x743.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\n\u003ch2>Rape on the Night Shift\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>Part I: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/working-alone-at-night-janitors-risk-sexual-violence-rape-on-the-night-shift/\">Working Alone, at Night, Janitors Risk Sexual Violence\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Part II: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/whats-government-doing-prevent-janitors-getting-raped-rape-on-the-night-shift/\">What’s the Government Doing to Prevent Janitors From Getting Raped?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/under-cover-of-darkness-female-janitors-face-rape-and-assault/\" target=\"_blank\">In-depth report by Reveal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/bajo-la-oscuridad-trabajadoras-de-limpieza-enfrentan-violaciones-y-acoso/\" target=\"_blank\">Reportaje detallado por Reveal en espanol\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Watch the Documentary\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://video.pbs.org/video/2365515054/\" target=\"_blank\">Frontline's \"Rape on the Night Shift\"\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://noticias.univision.com/article/2375918/2015-06-21/estados-unidos/noticias/violacion-de-un-sueno-jornada-nocturna\" target=\"_blank\">Univision: en español\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003ch2>Talk About It\u003c/h2>\n\u003cli>Tweet with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/TheNightShift?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\">#TheNightShift\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chat with reporters Wednesday at 11 a.m. PT on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-california-report\" target=\"_blank\">californiareport.org.\u003c/a>\u003cem>Illustration by Matt Rota\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“So, we’re walking around the building to see the possible entryways. The workers are probably parking in the back of the building,” says Alvarado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re scouting out dumpsters where they might meet janitors taking out the trash. They want to talk to them about their working conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquez worked as a janitor for 15 years. She says, many times, janitors are getting work through unscrupulous subcontractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody can trick me and say some of this stuff is legal,” says Marquez in Spanish. “When they say they’re getting paid cash, their check doesn’t have a stub, or they tell me they earn $500 or $600 every two weeks, working six or seven days a week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marquez and Alvarado work for a nonprofit that’s trying to root out abuses in the janitorial industry. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.janitorialwatch.org\" target=\"_blank\">Maintenance Cooperation Trust Fund\u003c/a>, or MCTF, deploys teams of investigators across California. It’s a joint effort by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.seiu.org/division/property-services/justice-for-janitors/\" target=\"_blank\">Service Employees International Union\u003c/a>, representing janitors, and unionized janitorial companies, who don’t want to be undercut by black-market competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this night, the investigators are racing to get inside an office building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t run!” says Marquez. “That makes us look suspicious to the security cameras.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Magic, magic!” yelps Alvarado. They find the door still unlocked and head to the second floor, where they introduce themselves to two janitors and start talking to them about their working conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this night, they find some janitors who tell them they work seven nights a week without overtime, others who say they have to buy their own cleaning supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10573050\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10573050\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Investigator Vicky Marquez talks to janitors on the night shift about their working conditions.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/KQED_Screengrab2_Vicky2bright.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Investigator Vicky Marquez talks to janitors on the night shift about their working conditions. \u003ccite>(Daffodil Altan/CIR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But once in a while, they meet a woman who confides a darker secret, that she’s being sexually abused on the job. Georgina Hernandez was one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you need the job, you become a victim by not having the courage to say ‘no,’ \" says Hernandez in Spanish. “And if you say ‘no,’ you are going to lose the job. I didn’t have anyone to tell, someone to trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211537690&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211537690'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez met investigator Vicky Marquez while working for a cleaning company that didn’t pay overtime or give rest breaks. The watchdog group helped Hernandez and other workers file \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/DIRNews/2014/2014-42.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a complaint\u003c/a> with the state labor commissioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez grew to trust Marquez, who says she confided that a supervisor at another job sexually assaulted her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10573051\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10573051\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-800x798.jpg\" alt=\"Georgina Hernandez grew to trust Vicky Marquez and says she could confide in her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"798\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-800x798.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-400x399.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-1440x1436.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-1180x1177.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-960x957.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/IMG_7726_Georginabright-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Georgina Hernandez grew to trust Vicky Marquez and says she could confide in her. \u003ccite>(Daffodil Altan/CIR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She said there were times when she wanted to die,” recalls Marquez. “As a woman, it’s hard to stand seeing another woman feeling like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I hadn’t met Vicky, I would have kept all this pain inside,” says Hernandez. “I wouldn’t have known how to speak about what happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Hernandez filed a civil suit, which settled last year. She can’t talk about the details of the case because she signed a confidentiality agreement with the janitorial company. But she could tell us how the experience changed her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have really learned not to let anyone take advantage of me, to say 'no,' ” says Hernandez. “I have learned to tell the other women I work with not to let anyone take advantage of them. That there is help for us, as janitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez is just one of the women we met during an 18-month investigation that exposed the problem of sexual abuse at janitorial companies across the nation. The industry is full of shadowy subcontractors. Even established companies with policies to protect workers have bungled investigations and have hidden complaints through secret legal settlements. Government agencies charged with worker safety have largely ignored the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Georgina Hernandez, she wonders why cleaning companies don’t ask janitors what they think would put a stop to sexual violence on the job. How about a buddy system for workers, or more women supervisors? Whatever it takes to protect janitors on the night shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\" target=\"_blank\">“Rape on the Night Shift”\u003c/a> was reported with Bernice Yeung and Daffodil Altan at \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Reveal from the Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>, and Lowell Bergman and Andres Cediel at the \u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>. It was produced in collaboration with \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/\" target=\"_blank\">Frontline\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://noticias.univision.com/article/2375918/2015-06-21/estados-unidos/noticias/violacion-de-un-sueno-jornada-nocturna\" target=\"_blank\">Univision\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573152\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/kqed.jpg\" alt=\"kqed\" width=\"83\" height=\"25\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/rape-on-the-night-shift/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573151\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/frontline.jpg\" alt=\"frontline\" width=\"93\" height=\"30\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://noticias.univision.com/article/2375918/2015-06-21/estados-unidos/noticias/violacion-de-un-sueno-jornada-nocturna\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573154\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/univision.jpg\" alt=\"univision\" width=\"58\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573155\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/reveal.jpg\" alt=\"reveal\" width=\"123\" height=\"44\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://investigativereportingprogram.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10573156\" style=\"margin-right: 20px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/irp2.jpg\" alt=\"irp2\" width=\"110\" height=\"48\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Deportees in Tijuana Struggle With Mental Health Problems",
"title": "Deportees in Tijuana Struggle With Mental Health Problems",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Cuauhtemoc Martinez tried to kill himself six months after he was deported from the U.S., where he had lived as long as he could remember. He threw himself in front of a speeding car in Ensenada, and woke up in the hospital with gashes and bruises all over his body. He said he still sometimes wishes he had died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wake up with nightmares, sweats and everything,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez, 32, is among a rising number of Mexican deportees suffering from clinical depression, anxiety and other mental health problems. Few are receiving treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bf8x2rLsLFI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/10/02/u-s-deportations-of-immigrants-reach-record-high-in-2013/\" target=\"_blank\">largest wave of deportations in U.S. history\u003c/a> -- more than 2 million since 2008 -- has been putting a strain on mental health resources in Tijuana, which receives at least 40 percent of the deportees the U.S. returns to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, psychological problems are pre-existing. But mental health experts say more often the diseases start after deportation. The stress of being separated from families, jobs and homes in the U.S. can turn into a full-blown mental health problem when combined with the hostile environment that returnees may encounter south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez had worked as a supervisor at a Utah food packaging plant, but he couldn't get a job in Mexico after he was deported. He had no papers, and there seemed to be no record of his birth in his home state, the State of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211133967\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wound up taking informal construction jobs. But the arduous manual labor gave him asthma attacks and left him feeling exhausted. He said local police robbed him of all his money the day before he tried to kill himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was scared,\" he said. \"I'm still scared. Sometimes I wake up scared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was recovering from his injuries at a Tijuana migrant shelter called Desayunador Salesiano, Martinez started seeing volunteer psychologist Maria Rosa Ponciano for therapy. He was walking with a cane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555638\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555638\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Cuauhtemoc Martinez, a deportee suffering from depression, sees a psychotherapist at a Tijuana migrant shelter.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuauhtemoc Martinez, a deportee suffering from depression, sees a psychotherapist at a Tijuana migrant shelter. \u003ccite>(Katie Schoolov/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ponciano helped him obtain his birth certificate. It was then that he learned his real first name: Cuauhtemoc, the name of the last Aztec ruler to fight the Spanish conquistadors. In the U.S., he went by Luis. He thought that was his real name. That’s why it was so hard to find his official documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hates the name Cuauhtemoc, but Ponciano insists on calling him that, hoping it will encourage him to develop a new sense of identity. She says few deportees are patriotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They tell me, 'I don't want to be Mexican anymore!'\" Ponciano said. \"Because here they treat them worse than they did in the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ponciano said the sense of rejection from both Mexico and the U.S. sometimes makes her patients feel they have no identity at all. Sometimes, she said, this makes them suicidal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They feel they're people without a right to live,\" she said. \"That's how I hear them: 'I'm worthless. I can't go over there. I can't be here. What am I here for? I want to die.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Volunteer Psychologist Saves Deportee\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Martinez was first deported, he occasionally slept in El Bordo, a homeless encampment along the Tijuana river canal that has since been evacuated. He didn't have a job yet and had nowhere else to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spring, in the latest response to the Tijuana mental health crisis, the local mayor \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/apr/13/tijuana-homeless-get-compulsory-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\">sent the hundreds of people who were living in El Bordo to drug rehabilitation centers\u003c/a> for mandatory addiction treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez was no longer living there when that happened. When he met Ponciano last December, she told him he could stay in a once-abandoned building her family owns in Playas de Tijuana, in exchange for cleaning it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he has never used illegal drugs, and that the sight of people using heroin and methamphetamine around him when he was staying in El Bordo compounded his fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even now that he has a job and a place to stay, he sometimes feels overwhelmed with depression because of how much he misses the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes I go over to the third floor and I see the ocean, I see the cars, how they're living a great life,\" he said. \"And me? I'm miserable. I'm miserable in Mexico. I look down from the building and say, I can just end my life right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said antidepressants make him feel better, but they're expensive, and he often runs out of them. He said he only feels okay when he's keeping busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think about the U.S. much when I'm working,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ponciano said she often prescribes occupational therapy to the deportees she treats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So that they'll feel useful,\" she said. \"So they know they’re not garbage from the U.S. Because that's how they feel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Migrant Shelters Improvise Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent evening at the shelter, more than a dozen deportees sat at a long table putting the finishing touches on homemade puppets they were making: gluing eyes on sponges shaped like heads, inserting clothespins for mouths that open and close, and making their creations speak both English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rev. Oscar Torres, the director of Desayunador Salesiano, said an increase in deportees with mental health problems and the lack of formal infrastructure to treat them forced the shelter to improvise new ways to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555637\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555637\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Deportees participate in a contemplative dance workshop at a Tijuana migrant shelter.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deportees participate in a contemplative dance workshop at a Tijuana migrant shelter. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The shelter has started several workshops, including contemplative dance, painting, sewing and the puppetry class to keep their clients' minds occupied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we want to attend the deportation problem at a human level, we have to attend them at emotional and psychological levels,\" Torres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another migrant shelter,\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/mar/18/deportees-seek-work-tijuana-after-decades-us/\" target=\"_blank\"> Casa del Migrante, has hired a full-time psychologist\u003c/a> to deal with the perceived increase in mental health problems among visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Psychiatric Hospital\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only psychiatric hospital in Tijuana where penniless deportees might be able to get thorough mental health treatment is called Hospital de Salud Mental, a lime-green building with curving stairways near the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to access those services, they need to have Mexican health insurance,\u003cem> el seguro popular, \u003c/em>which many deportees don't. And most don't have the documents needed to apply for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The director of hospitalizations at the Hospital de Salud Mental, Hector Paredes, said he has seen an increase in deportees suffering from chronic depression, anxiety, panic attacks and psychosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When a person is exposed to intense stress, like a deportation, it can cause changes in state of mind, in thinking, in perception -- and it has a fundamental biological component,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the stress of a deportation is more likely to cause chemical brain changes if individuals do not receive adequate treatment right away. He said all deportees should be evaluated for possible mental health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Migrations Institute sometimes brings severely disturbed deportees to the hospital, but hospital experts are currently training migration officials to detect more subtle problems, such as depression and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important to follow up with this population,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Self-Medication Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Correa, a psychologist at Tijuana’s CETYS University who worked with deportees in El Bordo, said many deportees turn to drugs to self-medicate because they see no other option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said some developed addictions because underlying depression and other mental health problems went untreated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What starts as a process of grief turns into a chronic condition when there is no medicine or service available,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the deportation in and of itself can be a traumatic experience. Many of his patients report being mistreated by U.S. immigration authorities, whom Correa believes are partly to blame for Tijuana's mental health crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can avoid damaging the minds of these deportees by adding just a little bit of humanity to the process,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deportee Recovers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Guzman Garcia, 34, was deported from San Diego last year, after living north of the border for more than two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He moved into El Bordo because it was the only place he felt safe. He said that he was afraid to wander around the streets because every time he did, the Tijuana police would stop him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The police right here, if you don't have an ID with you, they take you to jail,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he was the routine target of police because of a large tattoo on his neck that displays the name of his daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it was the pain of being separated from her, as well as the difficulty of life south of the border, that caused him to turn to heroin and methamphetamine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was so depressed I was using drugs,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555636\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555636\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Carlos Guzman Garcia talks about how he recovered from depression and drug addiction that developed when he was deported from San Diego.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carlos Guzman Garcia talks about how he recovered from depression and drug addiction that developed when he was deported from San Diego. \u003ccite>(Katie Schoolov/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But his life changed when he met volunteer psychologist Ponciano. She gave him therapy and encouraged him to find a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman said Ponciano helped him regain his self-confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you see a person who helps you believe in yourself, and tells you that you can do anything, and that she's going to help you … you change,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has since stopped using drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re not garbage here. We're just another human being. We really want to make it. We just need help, that's all.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"customPermalink": "2015/06/11/deportees-in-tijuana-struggle-with-mental-health-problems/",
"nprByline": "Jean Guerrero\u003cbr>KPBS Fronteras Reporter",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Cuauhtemoc Martinez tried to kill himself six months after he was deported from the U.S., where he had lived as long as he could remember. He threw himself in front of a speeding car in Ensenada, and woke up in the hospital with gashes and bruises all over his body. He said he still sometimes wishes he had died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wake up with nightmares, sweats and everything,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez, 32, is among a rising number of Mexican deportees suffering from clinical depression, anxiety and other mental health problems. Few are receiving treatment.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/bf8x2rLsLFI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/bf8x2rLsLFI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/10/02/u-s-deportations-of-immigrants-reach-record-high-in-2013/\" target=\"_blank\">largest wave of deportations in U.S. history\u003c/a> -- more than 2 million since 2008 -- has been putting a strain on mental health resources in Tijuana, which receives at least 40 percent of the deportees the U.S. returns to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, psychological problems are pre-existing. But mental health experts say more often the diseases start after deportation. The stress of being separated from families, jobs and homes in the U.S. can turn into a full-blown mental health problem when combined with the hostile environment that returnees may encounter south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez had worked as a supervisor at a Utah food packaging plant, but he couldn't get a job in Mexico after he was deported. He had no papers, and there seemed to be no record of his birth in his home state, the State of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211133967&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211133967'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wound up taking informal construction jobs. But the arduous manual labor gave him asthma attacks and left him feeling exhausted. He said local police robbed him of all his money the day before he tried to kill himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was scared,\" he said. \"I'm still scared. Sometimes I wake up scared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was recovering from his injuries at a Tijuana migrant shelter called Desayunador Salesiano, Martinez started seeing volunteer psychologist Maria Rosa Ponciano for therapy. He was walking with a cane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555638\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555638\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Cuauhtemoc Martinez, a deportee suffering from depression, sees a psychotherapist at a Tijuana migrant shelter.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuauhtemoc Martinez, a deportee suffering from depression, sees a psychotherapist at a Tijuana migrant shelter. \u003ccite>(Katie Schoolov/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ponciano helped him obtain his birth certificate. It was then that he learned his real first name: Cuauhtemoc, the name of the last Aztec ruler to fight the Spanish conquistadors. In the U.S., he went by Luis. He thought that was his real name. That’s why it was so hard to find his official documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hates the name Cuauhtemoc, but Ponciano insists on calling him that, hoping it will encourage him to develop a new sense of identity. She says few deportees are patriotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They tell me, 'I don't want to be Mexican anymore!'\" Ponciano said. \"Because here they treat them worse than they did in the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ponciano said the sense of rejection from both Mexico and the U.S. sometimes makes her patients feel they have no identity at all. Sometimes, she said, this makes them suicidal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They feel they're people without a right to live,\" she said. \"That's how I hear them: 'I'm worthless. I can't go over there. I can't be here. What am I here for? I want to die.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Volunteer Psychologist Saves Deportee\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Martinez was first deported, he occasionally slept in El Bordo, a homeless encampment along the Tijuana river canal that has since been evacuated. He didn't have a job yet and had nowhere else to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spring, in the latest response to the Tijuana mental health crisis, the local mayor \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/apr/13/tijuana-homeless-get-compulsory-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\">sent the hundreds of people who were living in El Bordo to drug rehabilitation centers\u003c/a> for mandatory addiction treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez was no longer living there when that happened. When he met Ponciano last December, she told him he could stay in a once-abandoned building her family owns in Playas de Tijuana, in exchange for cleaning it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he has never used illegal drugs, and that the sight of people using heroin and methamphetamine around him when he was staying in El Bordo compounded his fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even now that he has a job and a place to stay, he sometimes feels overwhelmed with depression because of how much he misses the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes I go over to the third floor and I see the ocean, I see the cars, how they're living a great life,\" he said. \"And me? I'm miserable. I'm miserable in Mexico. I look down from the building and say, I can just end my life right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said antidepressants make him feel better, but they're expensive, and he often runs out of them. He said he only feels okay when he's keeping busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think about the U.S. much when I'm working,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ponciano said she often prescribes occupational therapy to the deportees she treats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So that they'll feel useful,\" she said. \"So they know they’re not garbage from the U.S. Because that's how they feel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Migrant Shelters Improvise Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent evening at the shelter, more than a dozen deportees sat at a long table putting the finishing touches on homemade puppets they were making: gluing eyes on sponges shaped like heads, inserting clothespins for mouths that open and close, and making their creations speak both English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rev. Oscar Torres, the director of Desayunador Salesiano, said an increase in deportees with mental health problems and the lack of formal infrastructure to treat them forced the shelter to improvise new ways to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555637\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555637\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Deportees participate in a contemplative dance workshop at a Tijuana migrant shelter.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deportees participate in a contemplative dance workshop at a Tijuana migrant shelter. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The shelter has started several workshops, including contemplative dance, painting, sewing and the puppetry class to keep their clients' minds occupied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we want to attend the deportation problem at a human level, we have to attend them at emotional and psychological levels,\" Torres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another migrant shelter,\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/mar/18/deportees-seek-work-tijuana-after-decades-us/\" target=\"_blank\"> Casa del Migrante, has hired a full-time psychologist\u003c/a> to deal with the perceived increase in mental health problems among visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Psychiatric Hospital\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only psychiatric hospital in Tijuana where penniless deportees might be able to get thorough mental health treatment is called Hospital de Salud Mental, a lime-green building with curving stairways near the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to access those services, they need to have Mexican health insurance,\u003cem> el seguro popular, \u003c/em>which many deportees don't. And most don't have the documents needed to apply for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The director of hospitalizations at the Hospital de Salud Mental, Hector Paredes, said he has seen an increase in deportees suffering from chronic depression, anxiety, panic attacks and psychosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When a person is exposed to intense stress, like a deportation, it can cause changes in state of mind, in thinking, in perception -- and it has a fundamental biological component,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the stress of a deportation is more likely to cause chemical brain changes if individuals do not receive adequate treatment right away. He said all deportees should be evaluated for possible mental health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Migrations Institute sometimes brings severely disturbed deportees to the hospital, but hospital experts are currently training migration officials to detect more subtle problems, such as depression and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important to follow up with this population,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Self-Medication Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Correa, a psychologist at Tijuana’s CETYS University who worked with deportees in El Bordo, said many deportees turn to drugs to self-medicate because they see no other option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said some developed addictions because underlying depression and other mental health problems went untreated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What starts as a process of grief turns into a chronic condition when there is no medicine or service available,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the deportation in and of itself can be a traumatic experience. Many of his patients report being mistreated by U.S. immigration authorities, whom Correa believes are partly to blame for Tijuana's mental health crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can avoid damaging the minds of these deportees by adding just a little bit of humanity to the process,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deportee Recovers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Guzman Garcia, 34, was deported from San Diego last year, after living north of the border for more than two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He moved into El Bordo because it was the only place he felt safe. He said that he was afraid to wander around the streets because every time he did, the Tijuana police would stop him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The police right here, if you don't have an ID with you, they take you to jail,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he was the routine target of police because of a large tattoo on his neck that displays the name of his daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it was the pain of being separated from her, as well as the difficulty of life south of the border, that caused him to turn to heroin and methamphetamine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was so depressed I was using drugs,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555636\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555636\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Carlos Guzman Garcia talks about how he recovered from depression and drug addiction that developed when he was deported from San Diego.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carlos Guzman Garcia talks about how he recovered from depression and drug addiction that developed when he was deported from San Diego. \u003ccite>(Katie Schoolov/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But his life changed when he met volunteer psychologist Ponciano. She gave him therapy and encouraged him to find a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman said Ponciano helped him regain his self-confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you see a person who helps you believe in yourself, and tells you that you can do anything, and that she's going to help you … you change,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has since stopped using drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re not garbage here. We're just another human being. We really want to make it. We just need help, that's all.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Some California Preschools Serve Young English Learners Well, But It's Tough",
"title": "Some California Preschools Serve Young English Learners Well, But It's Tough",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The 3- and 4-year-olds in Amapola Beenn’s class in East Oakland looked out the window this spring and saw butterflies. They were curious. So Beenn went shopping, bought some monarch eggs and hatched them at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to create the whole experience in the classroom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her students, Beenn said, it’s important to have this visual, hands-on and, most importantly, \u003cem>bilingual\u003c/em> experience, because her preschool, De Colores, is located in the part of Oakland with the highest concentration of English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This area especially is a melting pot,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is a melting pot, itself. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/ce/documents/dllresearchpapers.pdf\">Half of preschool-aged children\u003c/a> live in families where English is not the first language. Most are Spanish speaking, though scores of other languages are spoken as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the state's public school system, English-language learners make up more than 20 percent of kindergarten-through-high school students. And, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/22/struggling-with-english-from-kindergarten-to-high-school-graduation\">as KQED reported\u003c/a>, many of these students will likely end up in the category of \"long-term English learners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education now gives extra money to public school districts with more English learners, but that hasn’t been the case for preschool programs -- not even those with state subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing the Department of Education \u003cem>is\u003c/em> doing: This summer, for the first time, it's adding a chapter to its preschool guidelines describing how to best support youngsters simultaneously learning English and their home language. But there’s no guarantee these guidelines will be used, and there is not a lot of extra money to help preschools implement them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had at least a billion dollars more in early childhood [funding] prior to the recession,” said Cecilia Fisher-Dahms, who works in the California Department of Education and has focused on young, dual-language learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has restored some of its early-childhood education funding, but it could be a while before it gets back to where it used to be, said Fisher-Dahms. Even then, child advocates say, it's not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, English learners in California \u003ca href=\"http://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/cohortrates/CRByProgram.aspx?cds=00000000000000&TheYear=2013-14&Agg=T&Topic=Graduates&RC=State&SubGroup=Ethnic/Racial\">drop out at a higher rate\u003c/a> than almost any other group of students. That's why Fisher-Dahms is working on giving them a better start. She points to research by Nobel laureate and \u003ca href=\"http://heckmanequation.org/content/resource/invest-early-childhood-development-reduce-deficits-strengthen-economy\">University of Chicago professor James Heckman\u003c/a>, which suggests good early-childhood programs can improve social and economic outcomes for low-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really going to pay off in terms of state dividends,” said Fisher-Dahms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for dual-language learners, good preschool programs are still being figured out, said Soodie Ansari with the San Mateo County Office of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often times [in education] we have principles, we have philosophies,” she said. “And then the next step is, what does it look like on the ground? What does it actually look like in the classroom?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s new guidelines are another step in the right direction, but there's still more to be done, said Ansari. Preschools need to offer better pay to attract more qualified teachers, she said. And those teachers need paid time to assess how well the children are developing their skills, something afforded to K-12 teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t really have the time to sit together as a team and think about, 'OK, these are the results in the classroom. This is the profile of the children in our classroom. How are we going to address their needs?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, it will fall to individual preschools to decide whether or how to use the state guidelines for dual-language learners, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no funded mandate despite having strong research that supports programs like De Colores, where Amapola Beenn works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10559604\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10559604\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Amapola Beenn reads to her students in Spanish. Later another teacher will read to the group in English.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amapola Beenn reads to her students in Spanish. Later another teacher will read to the group in English. \u003ccite>(Devin Katayama/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's a Head Start program run through The Unity Council, and it receives most of its funding from the federal government, but state dollars -- as well as foundation grants -- also chip in to help serve low-income children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beenn said she is lucky to get paid time to plan lessons, and she receives certain professional development that’s not granted to most state-subsidized preschool educators. But her largest supporter has been the Unity Council itself, which gave her time to go back to graduate school, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing I did when I came here was go back to school to get a masters [degree] in early childhood, which I didn’t have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now she leads a dual-language program, where children hear Spanish and English throughout the day from two different teachers. The kids sit in a circle and sing songs and listen to stories in both languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The families of the children are also served here. Adults can hone their English skills and get parenting advice, and the school has even offered classes for those with alcohol dependency, said Beenn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the state releases its new guidelines this summer, they will be backed by current research, which says this type of bilingual program is on the right track. The program supports families and supports the home language, while a child also learns English. This builds the foundation for how language and concepts work, said Beenn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are windows in your brain that open up,\" she said. \"The more you speak, the more you acquire information for anything. Not just language.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not just Spanish. There are many other languages her students speak, like Farsi and Mam, and in order to succeed in a global society, it’s important that her students don’t lose their languages, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you lose \u003cem>la raiz\u003c/em>, the root of who you are, the core of who we are, we lose our identity,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bilingual preschool helps establish that identity, to serve kids as they grow, said Beenn.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The 3- and 4-year-olds in Amapola Beenn’s class in East Oakland looked out the window this spring and saw butterflies. They were curious. So Beenn went shopping, bought some monarch eggs and hatched them at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to create the whole experience in the classroom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her students, Beenn said, it’s important to have this visual, hands-on and, most importantly, \u003cem>bilingual\u003c/em> experience, because her preschool, De Colores, is located in the part of Oakland with the highest concentration of English learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This area especially is a melting pot,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is a melting pot, itself. \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/ce/documents/dllresearchpapers.pdf\">Half of preschool-aged children\u003c/a> live in families where English is not the first language. Most are Spanish speaking, though scores of other languages are spoken as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the state's public school system, English-language learners make up more than 20 percent of kindergarten-through-high school students. And, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/22/struggling-with-english-from-kindergarten-to-high-school-graduation\">as KQED reported\u003c/a>, many of these students will likely end up in the category of \"long-term English learners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education now gives extra money to public school districts with more English learners, but that hasn’t been the case for preschool programs -- not even those with state subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing the Department of Education \u003cem>is\u003c/em> doing: This summer, for the first time, it's adding a chapter to its preschool guidelines describing how to best support youngsters simultaneously learning English and their home language. But there’s no guarantee these guidelines will be used, and there is not a lot of extra money to help preschools implement them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had at least a billion dollars more in early childhood [funding] prior to the recession,” said Cecilia Fisher-Dahms, who works in the California Department of Education and has focused on young, dual-language learners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has restored some of its early-childhood education funding, but it could be a while before it gets back to where it used to be, said Fisher-Dahms. Even then, child advocates say, it's not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, English learners in California \u003ca href=\"http://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/cohortrates/CRByProgram.aspx?cds=00000000000000&TheYear=2013-14&Agg=T&Topic=Graduates&RC=State&SubGroup=Ethnic/Racial\">drop out at a higher rate\u003c/a> than almost any other group of students. That's why Fisher-Dahms is working on giving them a better start. She points to research by Nobel laureate and \u003ca href=\"http://heckmanequation.org/content/resource/invest-early-childhood-development-reduce-deficits-strengthen-economy\">University of Chicago professor James Heckman\u003c/a>, which suggests good early-childhood programs can improve social and economic outcomes for low-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really going to pay off in terms of state dividends,” said Fisher-Dahms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for dual-language learners, good preschool programs are still being figured out, said Soodie Ansari with the San Mateo County Office of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often times [in education] we have principles, we have philosophies,” she said. “And then the next step is, what does it look like on the ground? What does it actually look like in the classroom?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s new guidelines are another step in the right direction, but there's still more to be done, said Ansari. Preschools need to offer better pay to attract more qualified teachers, she said. And those teachers need paid time to assess how well the children are developing their skills, something afforded to K-12 teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t really have the time to sit together as a team and think about, 'OK, these are the results in the classroom. This is the profile of the children in our classroom. How are we going to address their needs?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, it will fall to individual preschools to decide whether or how to use the state guidelines for dual-language learners, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no funded mandate despite having strong research that supports programs like De Colores, where Amapola Beenn works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10559604\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10559604\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Amapola Beenn reads to her students in Spanish. Later another teacher will read to the group in English.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15421_IMG_0091.JPG-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amapola Beenn reads to her students in Spanish. Later another teacher will read to the group in English. \u003ccite>(Devin Katayama/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's a Head Start program run through The Unity Council, and it receives most of its funding from the federal government, but state dollars -- as well as foundation grants -- also chip in to help serve low-income children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beenn said she is lucky to get paid time to plan lessons, and she receives certain professional development that’s not granted to most state-subsidized preschool educators. But her largest supporter has been the Unity Council itself, which gave her time to go back to graduate school, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing I did when I came here was go back to school to get a masters [degree] in early childhood, which I didn’t have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now she leads a dual-language program, where children hear Spanish and English throughout the day from two different teachers. The kids sit in a circle and sing songs and listen to stories in both languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The families of the children are also served here. Adults can hone their English skills and get parenting advice, and the school has even offered classes for those with alcohol dependency, said Beenn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the state releases its new guidelines this summer, they will be backed by current research, which says this type of bilingual program is on the right track. The program supports families and supports the home language, while a child also learns English. This builds the foundation for how language and concepts work, said Beenn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are windows in your brain that open up,\" she said. \"The more you speak, the more you acquire information for anything. Not just language.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not just Spanish. There are many other languages her students speak, like Farsi and Mam, and in order to succeed in a global society, it’s important that her students don’t lose their languages, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you lose \u003cem>la raiz\u003c/em>, the root of who you are, the core of who we are, we lose our identity,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bilingual preschool helps establish that identity, to serve kids as they grow, said Beenn.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Speak, Write, Read: Bilinguals Seal the Deal",
"title": "Speak, Write, Read: Bilinguals Seal the Deal",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Guidance counselor Agustina Sanchez yells out the names of 27 seniors at Dinuba High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Elizabeth!\" she calls, as she goes down the list. \"Daisy!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They get in line to pick up their biliteracy medals. It's just one more task in the hubbub of today’s graduation rehearsal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Can we wear these tonight?\" one student asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can wear 'em,\" says Sanchez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/210029562\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tonight is the real graduation for this small town high school about 35 miles southeast of Fresno. These students will wear the medals around their necks when they pick up their diplomas, which also have the special \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/el/er/sealofbiliteracy.asp\" target=\"_blank\">seal of biliteracy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To receive the award, students have to meet certain criteria. These include passing English classes and the state English language test, and getting either a 3.0 on an Advanced Placement foreign language exam or a 3.0 or higher in foreign language classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a recent effort by the state of California to formally recognize students who are proficient in more than one language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daisy Del Rio speaks Spanish and English. When she learned there was an award for bilingualism at Dinuba High School, she says she became dead set on getting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was in the office daily asking, 'Hey am I going to get it? Am I going to get it?' I got it. Oh, it's such an accomplishment to me. I'm first generation Mexican-American. I felt this was something I needed to pursue and something I needed to achieve.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Rio says she wanted the seal because she's seen her immigrant parents toil to make her life better. Her mom works in a packing house; her dad is a truck driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just seeing them work hard every day, come home, taking off their boots, that alone inspires me,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Rio, who is the youngest of three children, has also worked hard. This summer she's heading to American University in Washington, D.C. to study political science. \"It's up to me to be the first one to go to college in my family,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10548768\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10548768 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"RS15357_photo-qut\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Counselor Agustina Sanchez watches her Seal of Biliteracy students take a selfie. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She’s proud of her dual heritage and says the seal signifies the value of California's diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It exemplifies who you are, what your culture is,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laurie Olsen, an expert on English-learner education, agrees. \"It suddenly gives [students] a sense of not being stigmatized for having those other languages and that this is being recognized now,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olsen is on the board of \u003ca href=\"http://www.californianstogether.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Californians Together\u003c/a>, the organization that convinced California to become the first state to adopt the seal of biliteracy. That was in 2011; since then, nine other states have joined the ranks and 11 more are in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This idea has taken off with great energy,\" Olsen says. \"It’s amazing that it came from California, which was the state that gave birth to the English-only movement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s referring to \u003ca href=\"http://primary98.sos.ca.gov/VoterGuide/Propositions/227.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 227\u003c/a>, which was passed in 1998 and all but ended bilingual education. The focus then was on English immersion. But the tide may be changing. A measure to repeal most of that proposition is on the \u003ca href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/California_Multilingual_Education_Act_(2016)\" target=\"_blank\">2016 ballot\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, at least 198 K-12 school districts statewide have adopted the seal of biliteracy. And many schools are trying to figure out how to help more kids earn it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s opening up the question of where are the programs that are going to lead to bilingual proficiency,\" says Olsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dinuba High School guidance counselor Agustina Sanchez says schools also see the practicality in the award.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you walk into any job interview in college you're able to put it into a binder and say: 'Well would you like to see proof?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says \u003ca href=\"https://velazquezpress.com/velazquez-press-seal-biliteracy-recognition\" target=\"_blank\">Velázquez Press \u003c/a>sponsored the medals for her students. Each year, the company donates 5,000 medals free of charge. \"A lot of districts want to do it but just don't have the budget,\" says Velázquez Press CEO Arthur Chou. \"Our rule is we want to make this happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 50,000 students in California have earned the seal, says Olsen. But that's not taking into account this year's students, some of whom haven't yet graduated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most wonderful thing is going to the award ceremonies where the seals are being given out,\" Olsen says. \"And seeing the way in which families, whole communities turn out and the tremendous pride they feel at just having it be said and recognized that there is enormous skill to language proficiency.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Guidance counselor Agustina Sanchez yells out the names of 27 seniors at Dinuba High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Elizabeth!\" she calls, as she goes down the list. \"Daisy!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They get in line to pick up their biliteracy medals. It's just one more task in the hubbub of today’s graduation rehearsal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Can we wear these tonight?\" one student asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can wear 'em,\" says Sanchez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/210029562&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/210029562'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tonight is the real graduation for this small town high school about 35 miles southeast of Fresno. These students will wear the medals around their necks when they pick up their diplomas, which also have the special \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/el/er/sealofbiliteracy.asp\" target=\"_blank\">seal of biliteracy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To receive the award, students have to meet certain criteria. These include passing English classes and the state English language test, and getting either a 3.0 on an Advanced Placement foreign language exam or a 3.0 or higher in foreign language classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a recent effort by the state of California to formally recognize students who are proficient in more than one language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daisy Del Rio speaks Spanish and English. When she learned there was an award for bilingualism at Dinuba High School, she says she became dead set on getting it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was in the office daily asking, 'Hey am I going to get it? Am I going to get it?' I got it. Oh, it's such an accomplishment to me. I'm first generation Mexican-American. I felt this was something I needed to pursue and something I needed to achieve.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Rio says she wanted the seal because she's seen her immigrant parents toil to make her life better. Her mom works in a packing house; her dad is a truck driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just seeing them work hard every day, come home, taking off their boots, that alone inspires me,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Rio, who is the youngest of three children, has also worked hard. This summer she's heading to American University in Washington, D.C. to study political science. \"It's up to me to be the first one to go to college in my family,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10548768\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10548768 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"RS15357_photo-qut\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15357_photo-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Counselor Agustina Sanchez watches her Seal of Biliteracy students take a selfie. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She’s proud of her dual heritage and says the seal signifies the value of California's diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It exemplifies who you are, what your culture is,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laurie Olsen, an expert on English-learner education, agrees. \"It suddenly gives [students] a sense of not being stigmatized for having those other languages and that this is being recognized now,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olsen is on the board of \u003ca href=\"http://www.californianstogether.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Californians Together\u003c/a>, the organization that convinced California to become the first state to adopt the seal of biliteracy. That was in 2011; since then, nine other states have joined the ranks and 11 more are in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This idea has taken off with great energy,\" Olsen says. \"It’s amazing that it came from California, which was the state that gave birth to the English-only movement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s referring to \u003ca href=\"http://primary98.sos.ca.gov/VoterGuide/Propositions/227.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 227\u003c/a>, which was passed in 1998 and all but ended bilingual education. The focus then was on English immersion. But the tide may be changing. A measure to repeal most of that proposition is on the \u003ca href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/California_Multilingual_Education_Act_(2016)\" target=\"_blank\">2016 ballot\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, at least 198 K-12 school districts statewide have adopted the seal of biliteracy. And many schools are trying to figure out how to help more kids earn it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s opening up the question of where are the programs that are going to lead to bilingual proficiency,\" says Olsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dinuba High School guidance counselor Agustina Sanchez says schools also see the practicality in the award.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you walk into any job interview in college you're able to put it into a binder and say: 'Well would you like to see proof?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says \u003ca href=\"https://velazquezpress.com/velazquez-press-seal-biliteracy-recognition\" target=\"_blank\">Velázquez Press \u003c/a>sponsored the medals for her students. Each year, the company donates 5,000 medals free of charge. \"A lot of districts want to do it but just don't have the budget,\" says Velázquez Press CEO Arthur Chou. \"Our rule is we want to make this happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 50,000 students in California have earned the seal, says Olsen. But that's not taking into account this year's students, some of whom haven't yet graduated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most wonderful thing is going to the award ceremonies where the seals are being given out,\" Olsen says. \"And seeing the way in which families, whole communities turn out and the tremendous pride they feel at just having it be said and recognized that there is enormous skill to language proficiency.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Undocumented UC Students May Find Paths to Citizenship With New Legal Aid",
"title": "Undocumented UC Students May Find Paths to Citizenship With New Legal Aid",
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"content": "\u003cp>At their weekly meeting, the University of California's brand-new immigration attorneys share notes on how to reach the estimated 2,000 UC students who either lack legal immigration documents or have only temporary protection from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I sent out an email to my student listserv with a message in caps and bold like, 'If your DACA is going to expire anytime in the summer or fall ... please let me know ASAP,'\" says attorney Habiba Simjee, who is participating in the meeting by phone from UC Santa Barbara. She's referring to \u003ca href=\"http://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, a two-year protection for young people who came to the United States illegally as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/210418999\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of California is the first public university in the country to start a legal center on this level, with full-time attorneys to provide legal aid to undocumented students and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10552227\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10552227\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"UC Davis is also home to an undocumented student center. Pictured here is office coordinator Aurora Garcia.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Davis is also home to an undocumented student center. Pictured here is office coordinator Aurora Garcia. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The UC Undocumented Legal Services Center is based at the \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Davis School of Law\u003c/a>, but the attorneys see students at six other campuses, specifically those that don't have their own law schools: Santa Cruz, Riverside, Merced, San Diego, Santa Barbara and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorneys say they've helped more than 100 students since the center opened in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students need guidance to apply for the DACA program or renew it. Many students who already have that protection are seeking special permission to leave the country in order to study abroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC San Diego ethnic studies and public health student Alexis Buz was one of them. He applied to go to Vietnam for a five-week course this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10547153\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15313_10687188_873996065959087_791989802156277640_n-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10547153\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15313_10687188_873996065959087_791989802156277640_n-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"UCSD student Alexis Buz got legal help from attorneys to apply to leave the country to study public health this summer in Vietnam.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15313_10687188_873996065959087_791989802156277640_n-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15313_10687188_873996065959087_791989802156277640_n-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15313_10687188_873996065959087_791989802156277640_n-qut.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCSD student Alexis Buz got legal help from attorneys to apply to leave the country to study public health this summer in Vietnam. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alexis Buz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I'll also be researching and learning at a clinic that treats children in Vietnam who were born with defects due to exposure to Agent Orange,\" says Buz. \"Ultimately, this will also give me the patient exposure, the knowledge and the cultural competency for when I want to apply for medical school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buz was born in Mexico, but he's been in the U.S. since he was 2. He says the free legal help from the Undocumented Legal Services Center went beyond his foreign study program. Perhaps even more importantly, the attorney who met with Buz in San Diego asked him a lot of questions about his family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we were discussing my family's dynamic, there were several things I realized and we realized,\" says Buz. \"There would be a way for me to get an adjustment of status, which means I can probably, if things work out, get residency in the next few years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a huge deal. Most undocumented immigrants in the U.S. don't have a pathway to permanent legalization under current law. But as many as one in four young people can find a way -- if they're able to meet with an attorney, says legal center director Maria Blanco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a potential there that doesn't get uncovered unless you really screen carefully,\" says Blanco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those potentials is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/victims-human-trafficking-other-crimes/victims-criminal-activity-u-nonimmigrant-status/victims-criminal-activity-u-nonimmigrant-status\">U visa, for victims of violent crime\u003c/a> who cooperate with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10547092\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10547092\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Blanco is the executive director of the UC Undocumented Legal Services Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Blanco is the executive director of the UC Undocumented Legal Services Center. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We were surprised how many of our students were victims of violent crimes,\" says Blanco. \"[But] a lot of students come from high-crime neighborhoods, which makes sense when you think about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC lawyers can also help students' parents, brothers and sisters with immigration matters. Blanco says the idea behind the legal services is to help undocumented students -- and those with undocumented family members -- to stay in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you help them emotionally, they do better academically as well,\" she says. \"Just the stress of being in fear of their deportation, but also their families being at risk. Because of the stress, the students often stop and start. They drop out, then they come back. And some don't come back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees with the center's work. Student Claire Chiara is director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleycollegerepublicans.com/\">UC Berkeley College Republicans\u003c/a>. She says if the university is going to provide legal services, they should be for all students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students could get legal help for anything ranging from, my gosh, a divorce they're going through, to fighting any form of trial they might appear in,\" says Chiara. \"So I think this legal aid for undocumented students is really an issue because it doesn't represent the entire student body.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC President Janet Napolitano disagrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our undocumented students are in a special place, a unique place,\" says Napolitano. She funded the legal center as part of a $5 million investment to support undocumented students. The money is from the President's Initiative Fund, which she is allowed to use to address needs around the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the public policy of the state of California that they pay in-state tuition, that they qualify for financial aid. All we are doing is recognizing they are a special population,\" says Napolitano. \"They have high needs. So if these students are going to be part of the UC family, and they are … why not also do what we can to provide legal services?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano says she wants universities in other states to follow the University of California's lead.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At their weekly meeting, the University of California's brand-new immigration attorneys share notes on how to reach the estimated 2,000 UC students who either lack legal immigration documents or have only temporary protection from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I sent out an email to my student listserv with a message in caps and bold like, 'If your DACA is going to expire anytime in the summer or fall ... please let me know ASAP,'\" says attorney Habiba Simjee, who is participating in the meeting by phone from UC Santa Barbara. She's referring to \u003ca href=\"http://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, a two-year protection for young people who came to the United States illegally as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/210418999&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/210418999'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of California is the first public university in the country to start a legal center on this level, with full-time attorneys to provide legal aid to undocumented students and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10552227\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10552227\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"UC Davis is also home to an undocumented student center. Pictured here is office coordinator Aurora Garcia.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/AB-540-center.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Davis is also home to an undocumented student center. Pictured here is office coordinator Aurora Garcia. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The UC Undocumented Legal Services Center is based at the \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucdavis.edu/\">UC Davis School of Law\u003c/a>, but the attorneys see students at six other campuses, specifically those that don't have their own law schools: Santa Cruz, Riverside, Merced, San Diego, Santa Barbara and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorneys say they've helped more than 100 students since the center opened in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students need guidance to apply for the DACA program or renew it. Many students who already have that protection are seeking special permission to leave the country in order to study abroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC San Diego ethnic studies and public health student Alexis Buz was one of them. He applied to go to Vietnam for a five-week course this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10547153\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15313_10687188_873996065959087_791989802156277640_n-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10547153\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15313_10687188_873996065959087_791989802156277640_n-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"UCSD student Alexis Buz got legal help from attorneys to apply to leave the country to study public health this summer in Vietnam.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15313_10687188_873996065959087_791989802156277640_n-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15313_10687188_873996065959087_791989802156277640_n-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15313_10687188_873996065959087_791989802156277640_n-qut.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCSD student Alexis Buz got legal help from attorneys to apply to leave the country to study public health this summer in Vietnam. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Alexis Buz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I'll also be researching and learning at a clinic that treats children in Vietnam who were born with defects due to exposure to Agent Orange,\" says Buz. \"Ultimately, this will also give me the patient exposure, the knowledge and the cultural competency for when I want to apply for medical school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buz was born in Mexico, but he's been in the U.S. since he was 2. He says the free legal help from the Undocumented Legal Services Center went beyond his foreign study program. Perhaps even more importantly, the attorney who met with Buz in San Diego asked him a lot of questions about his family history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we were discussing my family's dynamic, there were several things I realized and we realized,\" says Buz. \"There would be a way for me to get an adjustment of status, which means I can probably, if things work out, get residency in the next few years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a huge deal. Most undocumented immigrants in the U.S. don't have a pathway to permanent legalization under current law. But as many as one in four young people can find a way -- if they're able to meet with an attorney, says legal center director Maria Blanco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a potential there that doesn't get uncovered unless you really screen carefully,\" says Blanco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those potentials is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/victims-human-trafficking-other-crimes/victims-criminal-activity-u-nonimmigrant-status/victims-criminal-activity-u-nonimmigrant-status\">U visa, for victims of violent crime\u003c/a> who cooperate with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10547092\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10547092\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Maria Blanco is the executive director of the UC Undocumented Legal Services Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15305_IMG_20150521_131721-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Blanco is the executive director of the UC Undocumented Legal Services Center. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We were surprised how many of our students were victims of violent crimes,\" says Blanco. \"[But] a lot of students come from high-crime neighborhoods, which makes sense when you think about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC lawyers can also help students' parents, brothers and sisters with immigration matters. Blanco says the idea behind the legal services is to help undocumented students -- and those with undocumented family members -- to stay in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you help them emotionally, they do better academically as well,\" she says. \"Just the stress of being in fear of their deportation, but also their families being at risk. Because of the stress, the students often stop and start. They drop out, then they come back. And some don't come back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees with the center's work. Student Claire Chiara is director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleycollegerepublicans.com/\">UC Berkeley College Republicans\u003c/a>. She says if the university is going to provide legal services, they should be for all students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students could get legal help for anything ranging from, my gosh, a divorce they're going through, to fighting any form of trial they might appear in,\" says Chiara. \"So I think this legal aid for undocumented students is really an issue because it doesn't represent the entire student body.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC President Janet Napolitano disagrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our undocumented students are in a special place, a unique place,\" says Napolitano. She funded the legal center as part of a $5 million investment to support undocumented students. The money is from the President's Initiative Fund, which she is allowed to use to address needs around the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the public policy of the state of California that they pay in-state tuition, that they qualify for financial aid. All we are doing is recognizing they are a special population,\" says Napolitano. \"They have high needs. So if these students are going to be part of the UC family, and they are … why not also do what we can to provide legal services?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napolitano says she wants universities in other states to follow the University of California's lead.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This time of year, we’re posting selfies with happy college graduates and forwarding inspirational commencement speeches — and why not? Graduation is a righteous achievement. But it’s a lot harder for some than others. Especially for low-income students who are the first in their families to go to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dalia Angel was always headed up and out of East Menlo Park. “Because I’m young and I’m motivated and I feel like I need to get out of where I was born, at least a step higher,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s the fourth of seven children. Her dad’s a gardener; her mom, a nanny. She wants to be a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/205297501″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many first-generation students like Angel never graduate from college. They get lost for a number of reasons: poverty, poor K-12 schools, parents who can’t really help much. But Angel, who is 21, got into a program called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.peninsulacollegefund.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Peninsula College Fund\u003c/a>, which supports kids like her with $12,000 in scholarship money, career workshops, summer internships and mentoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Schmuck founded the fund, which is modeled, like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaycollegefund.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">East Bay College Fund\u003c/a>, after the \u003ca href=\"http://meritus.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Meritus College Fund\u003c/a> in San Francisco. Schmuck says his aim is to serve better-than-average students from tough neighborhoods like East Palo Alto, East Menlo Park and Redwood City east of Highway 101.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He figures schools like Harvard, Stanford and the like will seek out underprivileged academic superstars. He wants to support the kids with respectable grades (3.2 to 3.8 GPA) who don’t have the family resources to achieve all that they’re capable of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This group of dedicated students is often overlooked by other scholarship programs,” Schmuck says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scholarship money functions like bait to attract students like Angel to a wraparound support system. The focus isn’t just on getting her \u003cem>into\u003c/em> college. It’s also on getting her \u003cem>out\u003c/em>, with a \u003cem>degree\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hard Work Not Enough on Its Own\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was really determined, very impressively focused, and also kind of scared,” says Carole Melis, a public relations consultant from San Mateo. The fund asked Melis to mentor Angel right after high school graduation — in large part because Melis was also the first in \u003cem>her\u003c/em> family to go to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was actually one of my motivations,” says Melis. “My father worked for the post office. And my mother was a secretary. When I brought home straight A’s, my parents would laugh and say, ‘Oh, they got the wrong kid at the hospital.’ So I didn’t have to worry about living up to crazy expectations. But I did feel when I first went to Oxy [Occidental College in Los Angeles] that I was out of place. I did have some doubts at first. Like, do I really belong here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’m young and I’m motivated and I feel like I need to get out of where I was born, at least a step higher.’ \u003ccite>Dalia Angel, first-generation college student\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The program had encouraged Angel to apply to Cal State instead of community college. Many kids in her situation \u003ca href=\"http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2014/01/15-undermatching-higher-ed-chingos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">underestimate\u003c/a> how high they can fly. Sure enough, she got into three Cal State schools and chose San Jose. So far, so good. Then she discovered how unprepared she was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t have any idea on how to manage my time wisely,” says Angel. “I didn’t know that I had to study every single night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angel blames her high school for not giving her tough enough courses — a common problem in poor Zip codes across California. She got a 3.7 GPA, while working 21 hours a week as a cashier at Trader Joe’s. She even played on the soccer team. But once at San Jose State, she tested into remedial math and English, to cover ground she had ostensibly covered already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It Helps To Be Able to Call in the Cavalry\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks into the first semester, a transcript snafu almost derailed her career at San Jose State. The admissions office informed Angel that she had failed to send a transcript from her time at La Cañada Community College. She’d taken a few classes, as many kids in high school do, but she hadn’t embarked on a college degree before coming to San Jose State. Schmuck marched down to the admissions office and got them to relent and let Angel back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think back, if you will, to what you were like as a college freshman. Timid? Just a little bit cowed by authority? There are numerous ways parents help in a situation like this because they know when a “no” can be turned into a “yes” — if they’re familiar and comfortable with the system in question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt very alone,” she says. “I couldn’t talk to my family about it because, coming from a first-generation family, none of them had any idea what I was talking about.” Her parents didn’t graduate from high school, let alone college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re dealing with a parent who has no context of what’s going on in college,” says Schmuck. For students, muddling through alone, it’s hard to shake the feeling they’re out of place at the university. “When they get a D or an F, it reinforces that feeling, ‘Hey, you don’t belong here.’ Whether the kid’s at Harvard or San Jose State, they don’t have the confidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Worse Than Getting An F\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angel was getting by with a 2.4 GPA her freshman year. She told everybody, including Melis, that she was doing fine, and she was — until she gave up on an anthropology class during her sophomore year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was never able to get there on time, and I stopped attending and I got a WU. Unauthorized Withdrawal. That’s worse than getting an F.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, Melis interjects. ” ’Course, I didn’t know about this until later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because I thought I’ll just take it again next semester,” Angel responds. She was used to functioning on her own without adult support or supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t do anything, to be honest,” she says. “I didn’t seek help. I thought this was going to be another challenge, and I was going to overcome it quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She got several email alerts warning that her grade-point average had fallen below 2.0. She had \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/aars/faq/probationdisqualification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one semester\u003c/a> to bring it back up or be kicked out of San Jose State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finally reached out. “I had to come clean — quickly — and I got The Talk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10522159\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10522159\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-800x1198.jpg\" alt=\"Dalia Angel plans to practice family law after she graduates from law school. But first, she has to graduate from San Jose State.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-400x599.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-1440x2157.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-1180x1768.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-960x1438.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dalia Angel plans to practice family law after she graduates from law school. But first, she has to graduate from San Jose State. \u003ccite>(James Tensuan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now Angel was on probation. She had to switch to a community college for a semester to get her GPA back above 2.0. But more than that, she needed the kind of grown-up guidance many other kids take for granted. Twenty-plus hours a week at Trader Joe’s? Living at home with her folks and six siblings? Angel couldn’t focus on school — or take advantage of San Jose State’s workshops and tutoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose State, like a number of Cal State and UC campuses, offers an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/eop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Educational Opportunity Program\u003c/a> specifically designed for low-income, first-generation students. Angel was leaving critical resources on the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melis says the crisis was a wake-up call for her, too. “What I realized was it was just really important to really ride herd more closely in terms of getting grades, status reports — being a little bit more parental, as opposed to being a friend,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angel moved out of her family’s home and into a shared house near campus. Her parents weren’t happy about it at the time, but she says, “It’s soooo much better! And my grades have improved dramatically, and I am more involved and I have more friends, and I’m really happy with my life right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is now on track to graduate next year: one step closer to practicing family law, one step closer to beating the odds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A first-generation Latina has only a 55 percent chance of graduating within six years, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://heri.ucla.edu/DARCU/CompletingCollege2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA\u003c/a>. Students backed by the Peninsula College Fund are more than 90 percent likely to graduate.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘They’re not the kinds of kids that are going to college so they can become investment bankers.’ \u003ccite>Carole Melis, Peninsula College Fund mentor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That said, it’s a tiny, local program that has helped 116 kids over the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, there are bright spots in different places, but it’s not happening at every single college and university,” says Michelle Siqueiros, who heads a statewide nonprofit research and advocacy group, the\u003ca href=\"http://collegecampaign.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Campaign for College Opportunity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign recently issued a \u003ca href=\"http://collegecampaign.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2015-State-of-Higher-Education_Latinos.pdf%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> finding three out of four Latinos graduated from high school in California in 2012-13 — but only three out of 10 completed the requirements to be eligible for a public four-year university. The gist of the argument is in this opening paragraph:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cdiv>California is home to more than 15 million Latinos, the largest\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>racial/ethnic group in the state. When one in two children\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>under the age of 18 in California is Latino, one conclusion\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>is clear: the future of our economy and the state will rise\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>or fall on the educational success of Latinos. To secure\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>the economic future of California we need to significantly\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>increase the number of Latino students who are prepared for,\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>enroll in and graduate from college.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Siqueiros says that, regardless of ethnicity, there are tens of thousands of low-income, first-generation students in California who need intensive support to survive college. “The challenge is making sure that more students get access to that kind of support. That’s the challenge, is really scaling the things that we know that work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at the local level, each individual success story has a multiplier effect, according to Melis at the Peninsula College Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not the kinds of kids that are going to college so they can become investment bankers,” she says. “They’re entering social work. They’re entering education. If they do law, it’s usually for some social good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of these kids, she says, will ultimately give back to the families and the communities they came from.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This time of year, we’re posting selfies with happy college graduates and forwarding inspirational commencement speeches — and why not? Graduation is a righteous achievement. But it’s a lot harder for some than others. Especially for low-income students who are the first in their families to go to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dalia Angel was always headed up and out of East Menlo Park. “Because I’m young and I’m motivated and I feel like I need to get out of where I was born, at least a step higher,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s the fourth of seven children. Her dad’s a gardener; her mom, a nanny. She wants to be a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/205297501″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/205297501″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many first-generation students like Angel never graduate from college. They get lost for a number of reasons: poverty, poor K-12 schools, parents who can’t really help much. But Angel, who is 21, got into a program called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.peninsulacollegefund.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Peninsula College Fund\u003c/a>, which supports kids like her with $12,000 in scholarship money, career workshops, summer internships and mentoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Schmuck founded the fund, which is modeled, like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaycollegefund.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">East Bay College Fund\u003c/a>, after the \u003ca href=\"http://meritus.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Meritus College Fund\u003c/a> in San Francisco. Schmuck says his aim is to serve better-than-average students from tough neighborhoods like East Palo Alto, East Menlo Park and Redwood City east of Highway 101.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He figures schools like Harvard, Stanford and the like will seek out underprivileged academic superstars. He wants to support the kids with respectable grades (3.2 to 3.8 GPA) who don’t have the family resources to achieve all that they’re capable of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This group of dedicated students is often overlooked by other scholarship programs,” Schmuck says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scholarship money functions like bait to attract students like Angel to a wraparound support system. The focus isn’t just on getting her \u003cem>into\u003c/em> college. It’s also on getting her \u003cem>out\u003c/em>, with a \u003cem>degree\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hard Work Not Enough on Its Own\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was really determined, very impressively focused, and also kind of scared,” says Carole Melis, a public relations consultant from San Mateo. The fund asked Melis to mentor Angel right after high school graduation — in large part because Melis was also the first in \u003cem>her\u003c/em> family to go to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was actually one of my motivations,” says Melis. “My father worked for the post office. And my mother was a secretary. When I brought home straight A’s, my parents would laugh and say, ‘Oh, they got the wrong kid at the hospital.’ So I didn’t have to worry about living up to crazy expectations. But I did feel when I first went to Oxy [Occidental College in Los Angeles] that I was out of place. I did have some doubts at first. Like, do I really belong here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’m young and I’m motivated and I feel like I need to get out of where I was born, at least a step higher.’ \u003ccite>Dalia Angel, first-generation college student\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The program had encouraged Angel to apply to Cal State instead of community college. Many kids in her situation \u003ca href=\"http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2014/01/15-undermatching-higher-ed-chingos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">underestimate\u003c/a> how high they can fly. Sure enough, she got into three Cal State schools and chose San Jose. So far, so good. Then she discovered how unprepared she was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t have any idea on how to manage my time wisely,” says Angel. “I didn’t know that I had to study every single night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angel blames her high school for not giving her tough enough courses — a common problem in poor Zip codes across California. She got a 3.7 GPA, while working 21 hours a week as a cashier at Trader Joe’s. She even played on the soccer team. But once at San Jose State, she tested into remedial math and English, to cover ground she had ostensibly covered already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It Helps To Be Able to Call in the Cavalry\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks into the first semester, a transcript snafu almost derailed her career at San Jose State. The admissions office informed Angel that she had failed to send a transcript from her time at La Cañada Community College. She’d taken a few classes, as many kids in high school do, but she hadn’t embarked on a college degree before coming to San Jose State. Schmuck marched down to the admissions office and got them to relent and let Angel back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think back, if you will, to what you were like as a college freshman. Timid? Just a little bit cowed by authority? There are numerous ways parents help in a situation like this because they know when a “no” can be turned into a “yes” — if they’re familiar and comfortable with the system in question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt very alone,” she says. “I couldn’t talk to my family about it because, coming from a first-generation family, none of them had any idea what I was talking about.” Her parents didn’t graduate from high school, let alone college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re dealing with a parent who has no context of what’s going on in college,” says Schmuck. For students, muddling through alone, it’s hard to shake the feeling they’re out of place at the university. “When they get a D or an F, it reinforces that feeling, ‘Hey, you don’t belong here.’ Whether the kid’s at Harvard or San Jose State, they don’t have the confidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Worse Than Getting An F\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angel was getting by with a 2.4 GPA her freshman year. She told everybody, including Melis, that she was doing fine, and she was — until she gave up on an anthropology class during her sophomore year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was never able to get there on time, and I stopped attending and I got a WU. Unauthorized Withdrawal. That’s worse than getting an F.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, Melis interjects. ” ’Course, I didn’t know about this until later.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because I thought I’ll just take it again next semester,” Angel responds. She was used to functioning on her own without adult support or supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t do anything, to be honest,” she says. “I didn’t seek help. I thought this was going to be another challenge, and I was going to overcome it quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She got several email alerts warning that her grade-point average had fallen below 2.0. She had \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/aars/faq/probationdisqualification\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one semester\u003c/a> to bring it back up or be kicked out of San Jose State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finally reached out. “I had to come clean — quickly — and I got The Talk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10522159\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10522159\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-800x1198.jpg\" alt=\"Dalia Angel plans to practice family law after she graduates from law school. But first, she has to graduate from San Jose State.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-800x1198.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-400x599.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-1440x2157.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-1180x1768.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut-960x1438.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15143_20150420-PCF_jt-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dalia Angel plans to practice family law after she graduates from law school. But first, she has to graduate from San Jose State. \u003ccite>(James Tensuan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now Angel was on probation. She had to switch to a community college for a semester to get her GPA back above 2.0. But more than that, she needed the kind of grown-up guidance many other kids take for granted. Twenty-plus hours a week at Trader Joe’s? Living at home with her folks and six siblings? Angel couldn’t focus on school — or take advantage of San Jose State’s workshops and tutoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose State, like a number of Cal State and UC campuses, offers an \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/eop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Educational Opportunity Program\u003c/a> specifically designed for low-income, first-generation students. Angel was leaving critical resources on the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melis says the crisis was a wake-up call for her, too. “What I realized was it was just really important to really ride herd more closely in terms of getting grades, status reports — being a little bit more parental, as opposed to being a friend,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angel moved out of her family’s home and into a shared house near campus. Her parents weren’t happy about it at the time, but she says, “It’s soooo much better! And my grades have improved dramatically, and I am more involved and I have more friends, and I’m really happy with my life right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is now on track to graduate next year: one step closer to practicing family law, one step closer to beating the odds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A first-generation Latina has only a 55 percent chance of graduating within six years, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://heri.ucla.edu/DARCU/CompletingCollege2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA\u003c/a>. Students backed by the Peninsula College Fund are more than 90 percent likely to graduate.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘They’re not the kinds of kids that are going to college so they can become investment bankers.’ \u003ccite>Carole Melis, Peninsula College Fund mentor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That said, it’s a tiny, local program that has helped 116 kids over the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, there are bright spots in different places, but it’s not happening at every single college and university,” says Michelle Siqueiros, who heads a statewide nonprofit research and advocacy group, the\u003ca href=\"http://collegecampaign.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Campaign for College Opportunity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign recently issued a \u003ca href=\"http://collegecampaign.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/2015-State-of-Higher-Education_Latinos.pdf%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> finding three out of four Latinos graduated from high school in California in 2012-13 — but only three out of 10 completed the requirements to be eligible for a public four-year university. The gist of the argument is in this opening paragraph:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cdiv>California is home to more than 15 million Latinos, the largest\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>racial/ethnic group in the state. When one in two children\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>under the age of 18 in California is Latino, one conclusion\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>is clear: the future of our economy and the state will rise\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>or fall on the educational success of Latinos. To secure\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>the economic future of California we need to significantly\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>increase the number of Latino students who are prepared for,\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>enroll in and graduate from college.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Siqueiros says that, regardless of ethnicity, there are tens of thousands of low-income, first-generation students in California who need intensive support to survive college. “The challenge is making sure that more students get access to that kind of support. That’s the challenge, is really scaling the things that we know that work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at the local level, each individual success story has a multiplier effect, according to Melis at the Peninsula College Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not the kinds of kids that are going to college so they can become investment bankers,” she says. “They’re entering social work. They’re entering education. If they do law, it’s usually for some social good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of these kids, she says, will ultimately give back to the families and the communities they came from.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Between Homelands: A U.S.-Born Teen Follows Her Undocumented Brother to College",
"title": "Between Homelands: A U.S.-Born Teen Follows Her Undocumented Brother to College",
"headTitle": "Between Homelands | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In a Mexican-American family, which side of the border you were born on determines a lot, but not everything. The challenges faced by undocumented immigrants in the United States are well known. But what about children who were born here to undocumented parents? They are full U.S. citizens, but they often face their own legal and emotional burdens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/207899967\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no mistaking it: Jorge and Lupe Herrera are family. As they gather in the living room after dinner with the rest of the family, the siblings' similarities stand out — from their coffee-colored eyes and animated smiles to their shared passion for music, travel and learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd love to go to Mexico, Europe,\" said Lupe, 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And Latin America,\" added Jorge, 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one thing, however, that these siblings don't share: legal immigration status in the United States. Jorge was 4 years old when his parents arranged for family members to secretly bring him north from Mexico. Meanwhile, his parents made the treacherous journey through the desert and across the border into the United States. Lupe and her younger sister were born in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jorge and his mom and dad remain undocumented. Lupe and her sister are natural-born U.S. citizens. But as they sit on living room sofas, laughing and teasing each other, a visitor would not guess that this is a family divided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10541511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10541511 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-800x1241.jpg\" alt=\"Lupe Herrera loves the mall, where she can be a typical American teen, checking out her favorite brands and keeping friends close through text messages on her cellphone.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1241\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-800x1241.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-400x621.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-1440x2234.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-1180x1831.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-960x1490.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lupe Herrera loves the mall, where she can be a typical American teen, checking out her favorite brands and keeping friends close through text messages on her cellphone. \u003ccite>(Charles Magovern/USC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The legal divide between Jorge and Lupe is a growing trend. A 2009 Pew Hispanic Center report shows that three out of four children of unauthorized immigrants are U.S. citizens by birth. The number of U.S.-born children who live in \"mixed-status\" families expanded rapidly, to 4 million in 2008 from 2.7 million just five years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe is a 21st century American teen. Walking through the Del Amo mall in Torrance, she's clad in fashionably ripped jeans, cellphone planted in hand. Her eyes sparkle when she sees the new spring styles the shops are displaying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is lace, I'd wear this … and the new jeans, boyfriend jeans, they're new!\" she announced before she rushed off to check out a rack of flower-print miniskirts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tears well up when she's asked about the divide in her close and devoted family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think it's fair for me to just have the advantages of what the U.S. gives,\" she said through sobs. \"Because to me, basically, they are American.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legally, though, they are not. Lupe has all the protections of U.S. law, and she will never be deported. None of that is guaranteed to her brother and parents. Then there are the simple activities that most Americans never think twice about. Like piling in the car for a family road trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the family's living room, Lupe and Jorge's father, a quiet patriarch, becomes emotional when he talks about a dream he has -- to take his wife and children to San Diego to visit Sea World. It's less than 100 miles from the family’s home. But it's impossibly out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to have identification to travel there,\" Jorge said. Sea World, he explained, is too close to the Mexican border and \"everyone knows about the immigration checkpoint in San Clemente.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jorge and Lupe's parents, who took that perilous journey across the desert to keep their children from lives of certain poverty, have reason to be hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10541509\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10541509\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-800x1202.jpg\" alt=\"Jorge Herrera is the first in his family to attend university. A junior at UCLA, he is setting an example for his U.S. citizen younger sisters.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1202\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-800x1202.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-400x601.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-1440x2163.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-1180x1772.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-960x1442.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jorge Herrera is the first in his family to attend university. A junior at UCLA, he is setting an example for his U.S. citizen younger sisters. \u003ccite>(Charles Magovern/USC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their first-born son, Jorge, is now a junior at UCLA -- the first in his family to ever attend university. His mother and father went only as far as third grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jorge says he got to college because of the tenacity and work ethic he learned from his parents, as well as a California law that allows qualified undocumented students who were brought to the U.S. before age 16 to attend school at in-state tuition rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At college, Jorge became a community organizer, educating other students about their rights and helping them enroll when they otherwise would have given up on higher education. Ironically, it is now the undocumented Jorge who provides inspiration to his little sisters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Being the first one in the family to go to school, it comes with a big responsibility, which is teaching my sisters the importance of education,\" he said, resting his backpack on a concrete bench near his classroom at UCLA. \"More than a brother, I want to provide guidance. Someone there to say, 'It's OK, get back up, let's figure it out together – If we fail, we fail together. But as well, if we fail, we get back up together.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Lupe is following Jorge’s lead and applying to college. As an American citizen, she'll file the standard application and financial aid forms, rather than special forms the state designed for kids like Jorge. But not all of Lupe's paperwork was written with students of undocumented parents in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like, if my parents are undocumented, then I'm undocumented,\" Lupe said of the federal financial aid process. \"It doesn't matter if I am a U.S. citizen or if I'm not because, either way, my parents are not, so it doesn't change anything. When I tried to apply, they asked for my parents' social security and … we can't put what they don't have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe tried repeatedly to submit her financial aid application as the instructions indicated. After many bounce-backs and error messages, Jorge's years of experience helping students through complicated college applications paid off. He was able to figure out how to file Lupe's application manually. So Lupe will be able to follow her big brother to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know how he did it,\" Lupe said, smiling. \"He just told me it was done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As her parents' first-born U.S. citizen child, Lupe hopes one day to make her family's biggest dreams come true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10541512\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10541512\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Jorge and Lupe Herrera are devoted siblings, in spite of differences in immigration status. Here, they enjoy a moment together at their baby cousin’s birthday party.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-1440x962.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jorge and Lupe Herrera are devoted siblings, in spite of differences in immigration status. Here, they enjoy a moment together at their baby cousin’s birthday party. \u003ccite>(Charles Magovern/USC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"When I reach that certain age -- 21 -- I will be able to give my parents papers for them to be in the process of becoming U.S. citizens,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process is long and complex, with many risks of failure. Jorge's road is even more difficult than that of his parents. But he remains undaunted. After earning his degree, he hopes to work for nonprofit organizations that help people in his community, while he returns to school to earn a master's degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fear is only as big as you make it,\" he said, as he sat together with his family. \"It comes from inside you, so it can never be bigger than you. You either create fear, or you crush fear. So one way or another, we are going to manage. Sticking together and being united, that’s what evens out the playing field.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Lupe Herrera feels American, but she also carries the burdens of her undocumented, Mexican-born family.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a Mexican-American family, which side of the border you were born on determines a lot, but not everything. The challenges faced by undocumented immigrants in the United States are well known. But what about children who were born here to undocumented parents? They are full U.S. citizens, but they often face their own legal and emotional burdens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/207899967&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/207899967'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no mistaking it: Jorge and Lupe Herrera are family. As they gather in the living room after dinner with the rest of the family, the siblings' similarities stand out — from their coffee-colored eyes and animated smiles to their shared passion for music, travel and learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd love to go to Mexico, Europe,\" said Lupe, 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And Latin America,\" added Jorge, 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one thing, however, that these siblings don't share: legal immigration status in the United States. Jorge was 4 years old when his parents arranged for family members to secretly bring him north from Mexico. Meanwhile, his parents made the treacherous journey through the desert and across the border into the United States. Lupe and her younger sister were born in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jorge and his mom and dad remain undocumented. Lupe and her sister are natural-born U.S. citizens. But as they sit on living room sofas, laughing and teasing each other, a visitor would not guess that this is a family divided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10541511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10541511 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-800x1241.jpg\" alt=\"Lupe Herrera loves the mall, where she can be a typical American teen, checking out her favorite brands and keeping friends close through text messages on her cellphone.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1241\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-800x1241.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-400x621.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-1440x2234.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-1180x1831.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut-960x1490.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15293_Lupe-2-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lupe Herrera loves the mall, where she can be a typical American teen, checking out her favorite brands and keeping friends close through text messages on her cellphone. \u003ccite>(Charles Magovern/USC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The legal divide between Jorge and Lupe is a growing trend. A 2009 Pew Hispanic Center report shows that three out of four children of unauthorized immigrants are U.S. citizens by birth. The number of U.S.-born children who live in \"mixed-status\" families expanded rapidly, to 4 million in 2008 from 2.7 million just five years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe is a 21st century American teen. Walking through the Del Amo mall in Torrance, she's clad in fashionably ripped jeans, cellphone planted in hand. Her eyes sparkle when she sees the new spring styles the shops are displaying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is lace, I'd wear this … and the new jeans, boyfriend jeans, they're new!\" she announced before she rushed off to check out a rack of flower-print miniskirts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But tears well up when she's asked about the divide in her close and devoted family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think it's fair for me to just have the advantages of what the U.S. gives,\" she said through sobs. \"Because to me, basically, they are American.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legally, though, they are not. Lupe has all the protections of U.S. law, and she will never be deported. None of that is guaranteed to her brother and parents. Then there are the simple activities that most Americans never think twice about. Like piling in the car for a family road trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the family's living room, Lupe and Jorge's father, a quiet patriarch, becomes emotional when he talks about a dream he has -- to take his wife and children to San Diego to visit Sea World. It's less than 100 miles from the family’s home. But it's impossibly out of reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to have identification to travel there,\" Jorge said. Sea World, he explained, is too close to the Mexican border and \"everyone knows about the immigration checkpoint in San Clemente.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jorge and Lupe's parents, who took that perilous journey across the desert to keep their children from lives of certain poverty, have reason to be hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10541509\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10541509\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-800x1202.jpg\" alt=\"Jorge Herrera is the first in his family to attend university. A junior at UCLA, he is setting an example for his U.S. citizen younger sisters.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1202\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-800x1202.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-400x601.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-1440x2163.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-1180x1772.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut-960x1442.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15290_Jorge-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jorge Herrera is the first in his family to attend university. A junior at UCLA, he is setting an example for his U.S. citizen younger sisters. \u003ccite>(Charles Magovern/USC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their first-born son, Jorge, is now a junior at UCLA -- the first in his family to ever attend university. His mother and father went only as far as third grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jorge says he got to college because of the tenacity and work ethic he learned from his parents, as well as a California law that allows qualified undocumented students who were brought to the U.S. before age 16 to attend school at in-state tuition rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At college, Jorge became a community organizer, educating other students about their rights and helping them enroll when they otherwise would have given up on higher education. Ironically, it is now the undocumented Jorge who provides inspiration to his little sisters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Being the first one in the family to go to school, it comes with a big responsibility, which is teaching my sisters the importance of education,\" he said, resting his backpack on a concrete bench near his classroom at UCLA. \"More than a brother, I want to provide guidance. Someone there to say, 'It's OK, get back up, let's figure it out together – If we fail, we fail together. But as well, if we fail, we get back up together.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Lupe is following Jorge’s lead and applying to college. As an American citizen, she'll file the standard application and financial aid forms, rather than special forms the state designed for kids like Jorge. But not all of Lupe's paperwork was written with students of undocumented parents in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like, if my parents are undocumented, then I'm undocumented,\" Lupe said of the federal financial aid process. \"It doesn't matter if I am a U.S. citizen or if I'm not because, either way, my parents are not, so it doesn't change anything. When I tried to apply, they asked for my parents' social security and … we can't put what they don't have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lupe tried repeatedly to submit her financial aid application as the instructions indicated. After many bounce-backs and error messages, Jorge's years of experience helping students through complicated college applications paid off. He was able to figure out how to file Lupe's application manually. So Lupe will be able to follow her big brother to college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know how he did it,\" Lupe said, smiling. \"He just told me it was done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As her parents' first-born U.S. citizen child, Lupe hopes one day to make her family's biggest dreams come true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10541512\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10541512\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Jorge and Lupe Herrera are devoted siblings, in spite of differences in immigration status. Here, they enjoy a moment together at their baby cousin’s birthday party.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-1440x962.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15291_Jorge-and-Lupe-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jorge and Lupe Herrera are devoted siblings, in spite of differences in immigration status. Here, they enjoy a moment together at their baby cousin’s birthday party. \u003ccite>(Charles Magovern/USC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"When I reach that certain age -- 21 -- I will be able to give my parents papers for them to be in the process of becoming U.S. citizens,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process is long and complex, with many risks of failure. Jorge's road is even more difficult than that of his parents. But he remains undaunted. After earning his degree, he hopes to work for nonprofit organizations that help people in his community, while he returns to school to earn a master's degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fear is only as big as you make it,\" he said, as he sat together with his family. \"It comes from inside you, so it can never be bigger than you. You either create fear, or you crush fear. So one way or another, we are going to manage. Sticking together and being united, that’s what evens out the playing field.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "struggling-with-english-from-kindergarten-to-high-school-graduation",
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"headTitle": "Struggling With English, From Kindergarten to High School Graduation | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A few weeks before high school graduation, Oakland senior Deyri Rabadan still isn’t sure if she’ll get her diploma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, I have thought of dropping out before,” says 17-year-old Deyri, a student at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ousd.k12.ca.us/ccpa\">Coliseum College Prep Academy\u003c/a>. “And that is because, I mean, I don’t really know my English really well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deyri is waiting on the results of her last California High School Exit Exam. She’s taken it seven times. Each time before, she’s failed the English-language arts portion. And every year since kindergarten, she’s had to retake the English proficiency test, too, because she still doesn’t meet the standards to be considered fluent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206733869″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes me feel really mad, angry, sad,” says Deyri. “To be honest, I feel stupid, because I’m taking the same test over and over and over. It’s simple questions, but it’s just that my reading comprehension, it’s not really good. And my essay portion, also. I know the format of writing an essay, but it’s just that I don’t use a strong vocabulary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deyri isn’t a newcomer. She moved to the United States from Mexico when she was 2½ years old. And she’s been in public school here since kindergarten. In fact, almost three out of four English learners in California middle and high schools have been here for most of their school years. Yet English-language learners are \u003ca href=\"http://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/cohortrates/CRByProgram.aspx?cds=00000000000000&TheYear=2013-14&Agg=T&Topic=Graduates&RC=State&SubGroup=Ethnic/Racial\">less likely to graduate than almost any other group\u003c/a>: less than two-thirds of them make it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s going on? Well, for one, kids like Deyri are missing out on opportunities to practice English in an academic setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like if I speak up in class or I try to participate in class, other students are going to be like, ‘What is she talking about?’ ” says Deyri. She’s felt like that for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10533743\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10533743\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Deyri Rabadan has been in school in Oakland since kindergarten, but has struggled to pass the English proficiency exam and the high school exit exam.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deyri Rabadan has been in school in Oakland since kindergarten, but has struggled to pass the English proficiency exam and the high school exit exam. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not only do kids like Deyri often lack the confidence to speak up; they’re also frequently in schools with few fluent speakers of English, so they pick up mistakes from each other that are hard to shake off years down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>English learners are supposed to get 30 minutes of help in English-language development every day, but many don’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not knowing English well makes it harder to learn things like science and history. Some kids get frustrated and drop out. Others, like Deyri, keep trying but have big gaps in their learning. Meanwhile, they often think they’re fluent in English, because they get along socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have students who for years haven’t been successful in school and don’t really know why. And no one else really knows why,” explains Nina Portugal. She teaches a class designed especially for these “long-term English learners” at Castlemont High School in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It frustrated me a lot when I first came to Oakland,” says Portugal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10533740\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10533740\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Long-term English Learners in sixth through eighth grade at Coliseum College Prep Academy set goals to become proficient in the language. Teachers say it's empowering.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long-term English learners in sixth through eighth grade at Coliseum College Prep Academy set goals to become proficient in the language. Teachers say it’s empowering. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People would say, ‘Oh, they’re not an English learner.’ And I would say, ‘But they are! They’re reading five, six grade levels below, they think in Spanish, and when you talk to them, they don’t know what was going on in your class.’ And the teachers would be like, ‘Oh! I guess I never realized.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only recently did the state start realizing. Last school year, it started tracking kids in every school who have been English learners for more than six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part that was because of momentum sparked by\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.californianstogether.org%2Fdocs%2Fdownload.aspx%3FfileId%3D227&ei=ofJdVf-aNdKpogSZx4HoBg&usg=AFQjCNFU0tZuzZZMCTTjPiFRnKUwBqGlYg&sig2=gDH3_JeBtLA0-lTq37BpBA&bvm=bv.93990622,d.cGU\"> research published by Laurie Olsen\u003c/a> of Californians Together. It was called “Reparable Harm” because Olsen believes strongly this is a problem that can be prevented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a student has been in our schools for five, six, 10, 11 years, we certainly should have been able to get them to English proficiency and mastering the academic content,” says Olsen. “It really starts right from the first day they enter school. Right from the start we should have them actively involved, engaged in rich language, falling in love with language. We should be developing their home language along with English! That’s where they have a knowledge base.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers and districts around the state have come up with new approaches to turn things around for the kids who have already been in school for longer than six years and still aren’t English-proficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big part of Oakland Unified’s strategy is to explain to students why they’re struggling and what they need to work on. Teachers say it’s empowering students to improve. Olsen agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is just wonderfully powerful to students who have been confused year after year of, ‘Why am I struggling?’ Putting power in their hands, engaging them in charting their path, is one of the aspects that is making a difference in some districts,” says Olsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10533741\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10533741\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Mariko White teaches long-term English learners at Coliseum College Prep Academy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mariko White teaches long-term English learners at Coliseum College Prep Academy. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s a class just for these students at Deyri Rabadan’s sixth-through-12th grade school, Coliseum College Prep Academy, but it’s only for middle schoolers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One morning, two sixth-graders are timing each other to see how many words they can read in one minute. Another group is taking vocabulary quizzes on computers. And a group of three is digging deep into a passage from Anne Frank’s “Diary of a Young Girl” to help them stay up to speed as they study the book in their regular English class. Teacher Mariko White is going over a metaphor with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what is happening, is she literally seeing these clouds coming?” asks teacher Mariko White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, they see the Nazis getting closer and closer,” says one boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In her mind she sees it,” adds another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So how can we say that, in your mind?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">California school districts now receive more money based on how many English learners are enrolled. But how are they using that money? It’s apparently anyone’s guess, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ciclt.net/ul/calto/AReportonYearOneLCAPs_2015-04-22.pdf\">a new report from Californians Together and Loyola Marymount University\u003c/a>.The study looked at Local Control Accountability Plans for 29 districts in the state, including those with the highest numbers and highest concentrations of English-language learners.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“She imagines … ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White says using the text from their regular English class has made a big difference for kids to be able to understand concepts and participate in academic discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been in their classes and a kid will look at me and go, ‘Ah! Oh yeah, we did this!’ And they’ve been able to participate,” says White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach seems to be paying off: More than three times as many high school English learners in Oakland met the requirements this year to be reclassified as English-proficient as in previous years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of class was never available for Deyri Rabadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she just got some good news. On her seventh try, Deyri finally passed the high school exit exam. She’s planning to go to college in the fall. The reading will be a challenge, she says, but it’s one she wants to take on, because she wants to forge a path for her two younger sisters to follow.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A few weeks before high school graduation, Oakland senior Deyri Rabadan still isn’t sure if she’ll get her diploma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, I have thought of dropping out before,” says 17-year-old Deyri, a student at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ousd.k12.ca.us/ccpa\">Coliseum College Prep Academy\u003c/a>. “And that is because, I mean, I don’t really know my English really well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deyri is waiting on the results of her last California High School Exit Exam. She’s taken it seven times. Each time before, she’s failed the English-language arts portion. And every year since kindergarten, she’s had to retake the English proficiency test, too, because she still doesn’t meet the standards to be considered fluent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206733869″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206733869″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes me feel really mad, angry, sad,” says Deyri. “To be honest, I feel stupid, because I’m taking the same test over and over and over. It’s simple questions, but it’s just that my reading comprehension, it’s not really good. And my essay portion, also. I know the format of writing an essay, but it’s just that I don’t use a strong vocabulary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deyri isn’t a newcomer. She moved to the United States from Mexico when she was 2½ years old. And she’s been in public school here since kindergarten. In fact, almost three out of four English learners in California middle and high schools have been here for most of their school years. Yet English-language learners are \u003ca href=\"http://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/cohortrates/CRByProgram.aspx?cds=00000000000000&TheYear=2013-14&Agg=T&Topic=Graduates&RC=State&SubGroup=Ethnic/Racial\">less likely to graduate than almost any other group\u003c/a>: less than two-thirds of them make it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s going on? Well, for one, kids like Deyri are missing out on opportunities to practice English in an academic setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like if I speak up in class or I try to participate in class, other students are going to be like, ‘What is she talking about?’ ” says Deyri. She’s felt like that for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10533743\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10533743\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Deyri Rabadan has been in school in Oakland since kindergarten, but has struggled to pass the English proficiency exam and the high school exit exam.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15235_IMG_20150420_144604-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deyri Rabadan has been in school in Oakland since kindergarten, but has struggled to pass the English proficiency exam and the high school exit exam. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not only do kids like Deyri often lack the confidence to speak up; they’re also frequently in schools with few fluent speakers of English, so they pick up mistakes from each other that are hard to shake off years down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>English learners are supposed to get 30 minutes of help in English-language development every day, but many don’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not knowing English well makes it harder to learn things like science and history. Some kids get frustrated and drop out. Others, like Deyri, keep trying but have big gaps in their learning. Meanwhile, they often think they’re fluent in English, because they get along socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have students who for years haven’t been successful in school and don’t really know why. And no one else really knows why,” explains Nina Portugal. She teaches a class designed especially for these “long-term English learners” at Castlemont High School in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It frustrated me a lot when I first came to Oakland,” says Portugal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10533740\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10533740\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Long-term English Learners in sixth through eighth grade at Coliseum College Prep Academy set goals to become proficient in the language. Teachers say it's empowering.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15234_IMG_20150420_124016-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long-term English learners in sixth through eighth grade at Coliseum College Prep Academy set goals to become proficient in the language. Teachers say it’s empowering. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“People would say, ‘Oh, they’re not an English learner.’ And I would say, ‘But they are! They’re reading five, six grade levels below, they think in Spanish, and when you talk to them, they don’t know what was going on in your class.’ And the teachers would be like, ‘Oh! I guess I never realized.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only recently did the state start realizing. Last school year, it started tracking kids in every school who have been English learners for more than six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part that was because of momentum sparked by\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.californianstogether.org%2Fdocs%2Fdownload.aspx%3FfileId%3D227&ei=ofJdVf-aNdKpogSZx4HoBg&usg=AFQjCNFU0tZuzZZMCTTjPiFRnKUwBqGlYg&sig2=gDH3_JeBtLA0-lTq37BpBA&bvm=bv.93990622,d.cGU\"> research published by Laurie Olsen\u003c/a> of Californians Together. It was called “Reparable Harm” because Olsen believes strongly this is a problem that can be prevented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a student has been in our schools for five, six, 10, 11 years, we certainly should have been able to get them to English proficiency and mastering the academic content,” says Olsen. “It really starts right from the first day they enter school. Right from the start we should have them actively involved, engaged in rich language, falling in love with language. We should be developing their home language along with English! That’s where they have a knowledge base.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers and districts around the state have come up with new approaches to turn things around for the kids who have already been in school for longer than six years and still aren’t English-proficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big part of Oakland Unified’s strategy is to explain to students why they’re struggling and what they need to work on. Teachers say it’s empowering students to improve. Olsen agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is just wonderfully powerful to students who have been confused year after year of, ‘Why am I struggling?’ Putting power in their hands, engaging them in charting their path, is one of the aspects that is making a difference in some districts,” says Olsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10533741\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10533741\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Mariko White teaches long-term English learners at Coliseum College Prep Academy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/RS15232_IMG_20150420_124132-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mariko White teaches long-term English learners at Coliseum College Prep Academy. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s a class just for these students at Deyri Rabadan’s sixth-through-12th grade school, Coliseum College Prep Academy, but it’s only for middle schoolers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One morning, two sixth-graders are timing each other to see how many words they can read in one minute. Another group is taking vocabulary quizzes on computers. And a group of three is digging deep into a passage from Anne Frank’s “Diary of a Young Girl” to help them stay up to speed as they study the book in their regular English class. Teacher Mariko White is going over a metaphor with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So what is happening, is she literally seeing these clouds coming?” asks teacher Mariko White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, they see the Nazis getting closer and closer,” says one boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In her mind she sees it,” adds another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So how can we say that, in your mind?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">California school districts now receive more money based on how many English learners are enrolled. But how are they using that money? It’s apparently anyone’s guess, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ciclt.net/ul/calto/AReportonYearOneLCAPs_2015-04-22.pdf\">a new report from Californians Together and Loyola Marymount University\u003c/a>.The study looked at Local Control Accountability Plans for 29 districts in the state, including those with the highest numbers and highest concentrations of English-language learners.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“She imagines … ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White says using the text from their regular English class has made a big difference for kids to be able to understand concepts and participate in academic discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been in their classes and a kid will look at me and go, ‘Ah! Oh yeah, we did this!’ And they’ve been able to participate,” says White.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach seems to be paying off: More than three times as many high school English learners in Oakland met the requirements this year to be reclassified as English-proficient as in previous years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of class was never available for Deyri Rabadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she just got some good news. On her seventh try, Deyri finally passed the high school exit exam. She’s planning to go to college in the fall. The reading will be a challenge, she says, but it’s one she wants to take on, because she wants to forge a path for her two younger sisters to follow.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Deportees With Families in U.S. Try to Start Over in Tijuana",
"title": "Deportees With Families in U.S. Try to Start Over in Tijuana",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Every day at sunrise, dozens of men deported by the U.S. government gather on a Tijuana street about 5 miles south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contractors looking to hire cheap plumbers, electricians and construction workers pick them up from the stretch between a Costco and a Home Depot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206236498\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These men are trying to assimilate back into the working class of Mexico, but the country feels like an alien place for many of them. A rising number of the deportees had spent many years, sometimes decades, living illegally north of the border. They left behind families, jobs and homes when they were deported. The Obama administration has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/10/02/u-s-deportations-of-immigrants-reach-record-high-in-2013/\" target=\"_blank\">removed more than 2 million immigrants\u003c/a> since 2008, one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ois_yb_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">largest deportation waves\u003c/a> in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, these men have lost hope of returning to the U.S. and are trying to find jobs in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crossing has become too difficult. Smugglers are more expensive and unreliable. Border agents are more numerous. Drug traffickers make the desert more dangerous, and some of the deportees fear being imprisoned in the U.S. because of repeat immigration violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they've chosen to stay and work in Tijuana, to be as close as possible to their families across the border in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3hPMKiLra8A&w=640&h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Jimenez Sanchez is hoping to pick up work in construction. He lived in the U.S. for 32 years. He was a licensed contractor, and built houses and paved roads in Orange County. Five years ago, he was deported following a drunken driving arrest. He left behind his wife and eight children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has been cracking down on migrants who commit crimes while living illegally in the U.S., even those guilty of no more than a traffic violation. Last year, 40 percent of criminal deportees had committed misdemeanors in the U.S. Nearly half of all the deportees had clean records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his dusty, wheeled backpack, Jimenez carries an assortment of tools: a cement mixing tray, a round saw, a trowel, hammers and more. He purchased most of his equipment in Mexico so he could do any job offered to him. Like many other migrants, he was deported \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/12/10/369893574/some-deportees-return-to-mexico-but-their-stuff-stays-in-the-u-s\" rel=\"external\">without his belongings.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm illegal all over again here because I don't have any papers,\" he said. \"I don’t have anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mexico, Jimenez has no choice but to join the informal economy like most other deportees. He toils full days in the heat for the equivalent of $10 or $15. It’s not enough to pay rent and still eat, so he sleeps under a bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10531730\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Cesar Jimenez Sanchez has waited daily at this corner outside a Costco in Tijuana for the past five years, hoping to pick up odd jobs. He was deported following a DUI arrest, leaving behind a wife and eight children in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10531730\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cesar Jimenez Sanchez has waited daily at this corner outside a Costco in Tijuana for the past five years, hoping to pick up odd jobs. He was deported following a DUI arrest, leaving behind a wife and eight children in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jimenez is 45. The average age of deportees has risen over time, according to Immigration and Customs Enforcement records. Today, most deportees are older than 30. Undocumented immigrants in the United States have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/2014/09/03/as-growth-stalls-unauthorized-immigrant-population-becomes-more-settled/\" target=\"_blank\">living there longer\u003c/a>, so those who are deported now are more likely to have been long-term U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This poses a rising problem for those who want to reintegrate into the Mexican workforce. Age discrimination is rampant in Mexico, despite laws to prevent it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antonio De La Peña Hernandez is 60. He lived in the U.S. from the age of 5 until he was deported at 55. He was a truck driver north of the border but has been unable to find a formal job in Mexico. He picks up trash off the street for a few pesos a day. He says he has been robbed and beaten by Mexicans who perceive him as an outsider. He speaks English better than Spanish. His face is gaunt from the weight he has lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he talks about his desire to work, De La Peña chokes up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All my life I've been working, and now I don't know where to start,\" he said through tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are people in Tijuana who are trying to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier that same day, at a migrant shelter called Desayunador Salesiano, De La Peña was reclining in a black leather chair, while a volunteer shaved off his salt-and-pepper beard and trimmed his hair. He said he hoped that cleaning up his look would improve his chances of getting a real job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Migrant shelters across Tijuana have been adapting their services to the changes in the deportee population, launching reintegration programs to help migrants find jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to offering a place to sleep and eat, shelters now offer classes in computer literacy, English and more. Many offer free haircuts so that deportees can prepare for job interviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La Casa del Migrante, the oldest migrant shelter in Tijuana, assists people in getting official documents such as birth certificates, setting up email addresses, writing resumes and improving their wardrobe with donated clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10531732\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Antonio de la Peña Hernandez, a deportee, gets a shave at a Tijuana migrant shelter called Desayunador Salesiano Padre Chava.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10531732\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Antonio de la Peña Hernandez, a deportee, gets a shave at a Tijuana migrant shelter called Desayunador Salesiano Padre Chava. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Pat Murphy, the shelter's director, said deportees who express a desire to work are allowed to stay there for several weeks. Volunteers help them become self-sufficient so that they can rent a place where their families may come visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The past year, year and a half, it has become evident that people are tired of trying to cross, and a lot of people want to establish themselves in Tijuana. Why? Because their families are on the other side,\" Murphy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, a Mexican research institute, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, has found a dramatic decrease in the number of deportees who plan to return to the United States. In 2009, three in every four deportees said they planned to try to go back to the U.S. within the week. In 2013, fewer than 20 percent had such plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy's shelter has also seen an increase in mental health problems such as anxiety and depression, due to families being separated. The shelter has hired a full-time psychologist to help deportees deal with these problems prior to seeking jobs. Murphy said most migrants are ready to work within a few days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They just, as we say in Spanish,\u003cem> tiene ganas.\u003c/em> They have this spirit that they want to do something,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mario Riojas, a 43-year-old Mexican deportee staying at the shelter, had lived in various U.S. states from the time he was 18. In the U.S., he ran a construction business that employed up to 60 people. When he was deported following a routine traffic inspection, he lost everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was hard to accept at first. He tried crossing again twice. But then border officials threatened to put him in federal prison. He decided it wasn't worth the risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s not possible to be illegal all your life,\" Riojas said. \"I still miss the U.S., but I’m here. And I feel God wants me here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Casa del Migrante was able to secure him a job at Telvista, \u003ca href=\"http://america.aljazeera.com/features/2014/3/mexico-s-call-centers.html\" target=\"_blank\">a call center capitalizing on the number of bilingual deportees\u003c/a> in Mexico. He hopes to have enough money to move out of the shelter within a month. Eventually, he plans to start a construction business like the one he had in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel that if I did well in the States, I will do well in Mexico also,\" Riojas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, after spending $10 for a small advertisement in the newspaper \u003cem>El Mexicano\u003c/em> offering his services, he received a phone call at the shelter from a contractor seeking to renovate a duplex. Riojas decided to hire 10 deportees from the shelter to help him do the job.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every day at sunrise, dozens of men deported by the U.S. government gather on a Tijuana street about 5 miles south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contractors looking to hire cheap plumbers, electricians and construction workers pick them up from the stretch between a Costco and a Home Depot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206236498&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/206236498'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These men are trying to assimilate back into the working class of Mexico, but the country feels like an alien place for many of them. A rising number of the deportees had spent many years, sometimes decades, living illegally north of the border. They left behind families, jobs and homes when they were deported. The Obama administration has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/10/02/u-s-deportations-of-immigrants-reach-record-high-in-2013/\" target=\"_blank\">removed more than 2 million immigrants\u003c/a> since 2008, one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ois_yb_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">largest deportation waves\u003c/a> in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, these men have lost hope of returning to the U.S. and are trying to find jobs in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crossing has become too difficult. Smugglers are more expensive and unreliable. Border agents are more numerous. Drug traffickers make the desert more dangerous, and some of the deportees fear being imprisoned in the U.S. because of repeat immigration violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they've chosen to stay and work in Tijuana, to be as close as possible to their families across the border in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/3hPMKiLra8A'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/3hPMKiLra8A'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Jimenez Sanchez is hoping to pick up work in construction. He lived in the U.S. for 32 years. He was a licensed contractor, and built houses and paved roads in Orange County. Five years ago, he was deported following a drunken driving arrest. He left behind his wife and eight children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has been cracking down on migrants who commit crimes while living illegally in the U.S., even those guilty of no more than a traffic violation. Last year, 40 percent of criminal deportees had committed misdemeanors in the U.S. Nearly half of all the deportees had clean records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his dusty, wheeled backpack, Jimenez carries an assortment of tools: a cement mixing tray, a round saw, a trowel, hammers and more. He purchased most of his equipment in Mexico so he could do any job offered to him. Like many other migrants, he was deported \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/12/10/369893574/some-deportees-return-to-mexico-but-their-stuff-stays-in-the-u-s\" rel=\"external\">without his belongings.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm illegal all over again here because I don't have any papers,\" he said. \"I don’t have anything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mexico, Jimenez has no choice but to join the informal economy like most other deportees. He toils full days in the heat for the equivalent of $10 or $15. It’s not enough to pay rent and still eat, so he sleeps under a bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10531730\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Cesar Jimenez Sanchez has waited daily at this corner outside a Costco in Tijuana for the past five years, hoping to pick up odd jobs. He was deported following a DUI arrest, leaving behind a wife and eight children in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10531730\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/CesarinTijuana.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cesar Jimenez Sanchez has waited daily at this corner outside a Costco in Tijuana for the past five years, hoping to pick up odd jobs. He was deported following a DUI arrest, leaving behind a wife and eight children in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jimenez is 45. The average age of deportees has risen over time, according to Immigration and Customs Enforcement records. Today, most deportees are older than 30. Undocumented immigrants in the United States have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/2014/09/03/as-growth-stalls-unauthorized-immigrant-population-becomes-more-settled/\" target=\"_blank\">living there longer\u003c/a>, so those who are deported now are more likely to have been long-term U.S. residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This poses a rising problem for those who want to reintegrate into the Mexican workforce. Age discrimination is rampant in Mexico, despite laws to prevent it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antonio De La Peña Hernandez is 60. He lived in the U.S. from the age of 5 until he was deported at 55. He was a truck driver north of the border but has been unable to find a formal job in Mexico. He picks up trash off the street for a few pesos a day. He says he has been robbed and beaten by Mexicans who perceive him as an outsider. He speaks English better than Spanish. His face is gaunt from the weight he has lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he talks about his desire to work, De La Peña chokes up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All my life I've been working, and now I don't know where to start,\" he said through tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are people in Tijuana who are trying to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier that same day, at a migrant shelter called Desayunador Salesiano, De La Peña was reclining in a black leather chair, while a volunteer shaved off his salt-and-pepper beard and trimmed his hair. He said he hoped that cleaning up his look would improve his chances of getting a real job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Migrant shelters across Tijuana have been adapting their services to the changes in the deportee population, launching reintegration programs to help migrants find jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to offering a place to sleep and eat, shelters now offer classes in computer literacy, English and more. Many offer free haircuts so that deportees can prepare for job interviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La Casa del Migrante, the oldest migrant shelter in Tijuana, assists people in getting official documents such as birth certificates, setting up email addresses, writing resumes and improving their wardrobe with donated clothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10531732\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Antonio de la Peña Hernandez, a deportee, gets a shave at a Tijuana migrant shelter called Desayunador Salesiano Padre Chava.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10531732\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Hernandez.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Antonio de la Peña Hernandez, a deportee, gets a shave at a Tijuana migrant shelter called Desayunador Salesiano Padre Chava. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Pat Murphy, the shelter's director, said deportees who express a desire to work are allowed to stay there for several weeks. Volunteers help them become self-sufficient so that they can rent a place where their families may come visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The past year, year and a half, it has become evident that people are tired of trying to cross, and a lot of people want to establish themselves in Tijuana. Why? Because their families are on the other side,\" Murphy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, a Mexican research institute, El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, has found a dramatic decrease in the number of deportees who plan to return to the United States. In 2009, three in every four deportees said they planned to try to go back to the U.S. within the week. In 2013, fewer than 20 percent had such plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy's shelter has also seen an increase in mental health problems such as anxiety and depression, due to families being separated. The shelter has hired a full-time psychologist to help deportees deal with these problems prior to seeking jobs. Murphy said most migrants are ready to work within a few days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They just, as we say in Spanish,\u003cem> tiene ganas.\u003c/em> They have this spirit that they want to do something,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mario Riojas, a 43-year-old Mexican deportee staying at the shelter, had lived in various U.S. states from the time he was 18. In the U.S., he ran a construction business that employed up to 60 people. When he was deported following a routine traffic inspection, he lost everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was hard to accept at first. He tried crossing again twice. But then border officials threatened to put him in federal prison. He decided it wasn't worth the risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s not possible to be illegal all your life,\" Riojas said. \"I still miss the U.S., but I’m here. And I feel God wants me here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Casa del Migrante was able to secure him a job at Telvista, \u003ca href=\"http://america.aljazeera.com/features/2014/3/mexico-s-call-centers.html\" target=\"_blank\">a call center capitalizing on the number of bilingual deportees\u003c/a> in Mexico. He hopes to have enough money to move out of the shelter within a month. Eventually, he plans to start a construction business like the one he had in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel that if I did well in the States, I will do well in Mexico also,\" Riojas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, after spending $10 for a small advertisement in the newspaper \u003cem>El Mexicano\u003c/em> offering his services, he received a phone call at the shelter from a contractor seeking to renovate a duplex. Riojas decided to hire 10 deportees from the shelter to help him do the job.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Between Homelands: an Unofficial Embassy for Los Angeles Kurds",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>“Between Homelands” is a series produced in partnership with students from USC Annenberg’s School for Communication and Journalism. They’re bringing us stories of people living in California who have come from afar, or who were born in the U.S. but feel like cultural foreigners.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All immigrants to this country face uncertainty, but most can rely on having an embassy or consulate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kurdish people, however, have no recognized nation of their own. They come from ethnic homelands without defined borders. What they call Kurdistan is split up among Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, no embassy exists for them in the United States or anywhere else. In Los Angeles, Kurds are scattered across the vast Southland, in Westwood, the San Fernando Valley, Central Los Angeles and Pasadena. There’s no Kurdish equivalent of L.A.’s Koreatown or Little Ethiopia. Here, as in the Middle East, they are dispersed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/204598149″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Luqman Barwari, a restaurant owner and Kurdish Iraqi immigrant, is trying to change that. Two years ago he created Niroj Kurdish Cuisine in Agoura Hills, after leaving a decades-long career in biotech. The restaurant is an unofficial embassy, one aimed at keeping his culture alive and the local Kurdish people united.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we feel like we’re not fully rooted in the system, or in the culture, or in the soil, because we were not born here,” says Barwari.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10518803\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10518803\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-800x501.jpg\" alt=\"Restaurant owner and chef Luqman Barwari on Kurdish New Year at Niroj Kurdish Cuisine. \" width=\"800\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-800x501.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-400x251.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-1440x902.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-1180x739.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-960x602.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Restaurant owner and chef Luqman Barwari on Kurdish New Year at Niroj Kurdish Cuisine. \u003ccite>(Taylor Haney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Niroj, in some ways, feels like home. When visitors open the front door on the restaurant’s livelier evenings, they are transported by strains of live Kurdish music and the aromas of Barwari’s complex, home-style dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one such night, master tembûr (fretted, steel-stringed lute) musician Raman Osman, from Syria’s Kurdish region, serenades tables packed with Kurds and non-Kurds. Some of the patrons cannot help but start a line dance that twists through the tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barwari greets friends and guests while darting in and out of the closed kitchen to watch over his \u003ci>kubbeh \u003c/i>soup, a Kurdish-Israeli dish. He makes it with semolina, beef or lamb dumplings, and organic vegetables, including beets, okra, chard and chickpeas. For dessert, he serves fried goat cheese drizzled with honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10518805\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10518805\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-800x514.jpg\" alt=\"Niroj Kurdish Cuisine serves kubbeh soup, with beef, okra and semolina dumplings, on Kurdish New Year, March 29, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-800x514.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-400x257.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-1440x925.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-1180x758.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-960x617.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Niroj Kurdish Cuisine serves kubbeh soup, with beef, okra and semolina dumplings, on Kurdish New Year, March 29, 2015. \u003ccite>(Taylor Haney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The food, music and camaraderie make Niroj Kurdish Cuisine a place of unity, an unofficial embassy presided over by Barwari, its unofficial ambassador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some nights Barwari cannot forget about relentless conflicts and suffering in Kurdistan. Painful news from home and fading childhood memories draw his mind and heart back to his homeland in an instant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barwari was born in Iraq’s northern Kurdish region. He came to the United States in the 1970s as a teenager, when his family fled political violence. His childhood village was later destroyed in Iraq’s al-Anfal campaign, known as the Kurdish genocide. Now, some of Barwari’s relatives in Iraq are members of the Kurdish \u003ci>peshmerga\u003c/i>, fighting the Islamic State (ISIS).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he planned a party to celebrate the liberation of the northern Syrian town of Kobane from ISIS, he saw the horrible news on Facebook. His cousin was killed while fighting ISIS near Mosul, Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My heart sunk when I saw his picture,” Barwari says. “I couldn’t believe it. How do you celebrate when people are still being killed?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10518808\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"Kurdish and United States flags fly at Niroj Kurdish Cuisine’s bar.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10518808\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-800x495.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-400x248.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-1440x891.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-1180x730.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-960x594.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kurdish and United States flags fly at Niroj Kurdish Cuisine’s bar. \u003ccite>(Taylor Haney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As ongoing hostilities threaten Kurdish people and their heritage at home, Niroj invigorates a piece of Kurdistan in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barwari says “the memories stay alive” when his restaurant brings people together to eat \u003ci>kubbeh\u003c/i> soup and listen to Kurdish music. And that motivates him to have a place like Niroj — a place where Kurds can celebrate their culture.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>“Between Homelands” is a series produced in partnership with students from USC Annenberg’s School for Communication and Journalism. They’re bringing us stories of people living in California who have come from afar, or who were born in the U.S. but feel like cultural foreigners.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All immigrants to this country face uncertainty, but most can rely on having an embassy or consulate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kurdish people, however, have no recognized nation of their own. They come from ethnic homelands without defined borders. What they call Kurdistan is split up among Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, no embassy exists for them in the United States or anywhere else. In Los Angeles, Kurds are scattered across the vast Southland, in Westwood, the San Fernando Valley, Central Los Angeles and Pasadena. There’s no Kurdish equivalent of L.A.’s Koreatown or Little Ethiopia. Here, as in the Middle East, they are dispersed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/204598149″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/204598149″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Luqman Barwari, a restaurant owner and Kurdish Iraqi immigrant, is trying to change that. Two years ago he created Niroj Kurdish Cuisine in Agoura Hills, after leaving a decades-long career in biotech. The restaurant is an unofficial embassy, one aimed at keeping his culture alive and the local Kurdish people united.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we feel like we’re not fully rooted in the system, or in the culture, or in the soil, because we were not born here,” says Barwari.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10518803\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10518803\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-800x501.jpg\" alt=\"Restaurant owner and chef Luqman Barwari on Kurdish New Year at Niroj Kurdish Cuisine. \" width=\"800\" height=\"501\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-800x501.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-400x251.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-1440x902.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-1180x739.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3-960x602.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds3.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Restaurant owner and chef Luqman Barwari on Kurdish New Year at Niroj Kurdish Cuisine. \u003ccite>(Taylor Haney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Niroj, in some ways, feels like home. When visitors open the front door on the restaurant’s livelier evenings, they are transported by strains of live Kurdish music and the aromas of Barwari’s complex, home-style dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one such night, master tembûr (fretted, steel-stringed lute) musician Raman Osman, from Syria’s Kurdish region, serenades tables packed with Kurds and non-Kurds. Some of the patrons cannot help but start a line dance that twists through the tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barwari greets friends and guests while darting in and out of the closed kitchen to watch over his \u003ci>kubbeh \u003c/i>soup, a Kurdish-Israeli dish. He makes it with semolina, beef or lamb dumplings, and organic vegetables, including beets, okra, chard and chickpeas. For dessert, he serves fried goat cheese drizzled with honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10518805\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10518805\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-800x514.jpg\" alt=\"Niroj Kurdish Cuisine serves kubbeh soup, with beef, okra and semolina dumplings, on Kurdish New Year, March 29, 2015.\" width=\"800\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-800x514.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-400x257.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-1440x925.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-1180x758.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4-960x617.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/Kurds4.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Niroj Kurdish Cuisine serves kubbeh soup, with beef, okra and semolina dumplings, on Kurdish New Year, March 29, 2015. \u003ccite>(Taylor Haney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The food, music and camaraderie make Niroj Kurdish Cuisine a place of unity, an unofficial embassy presided over by Barwari, its unofficial ambassador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some nights Barwari cannot forget about relentless conflicts and suffering in Kurdistan. Painful news from home and fading childhood memories draw his mind and heart back to his homeland in an instant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barwari was born in Iraq’s northern Kurdish region. He came to the United States in the 1970s as a teenager, when his family fled political violence. His childhood village was later destroyed in Iraq’s al-Anfal campaign, known as the Kurdish genocide. Now, some of Barwari’s relatives in Iraq are members of the Kurdish \u003ci>peshmerga\u003c/i>, fighting the Islamic State (ISIS).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he planned a party to celebrate the liberation of the northern Syrian town of Kobane from ISIS, he saw the horrible news on Facebook. His cousin was killed while fighting ISIS near Mosul, Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My heart sunk when I saw his picture,” Barwari says. “I couldn’t believe it. How do you celebrate when people are still being killed?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10518808\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"Kurdish and United States flags fly at Niroj Kurdish Cuisine’s bar.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10518808\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-800x495.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-400x248.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-1440x891.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-1180x730.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001-960x594.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/kurds001.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kurdish and United States flags fly at Niroj Kurdish Cuisine’s bar. \u003ccite>(Taylor Haney/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As ongoing hostilities threaten Kurdish people and their heritage at home, Niroj invigorates a piece of Kurdistan in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barwari says “the memories stay alive” when his restaurant brings people together to eat \u003ci>kubbeh\u003c/i> soup and listen to Kurdish music. And that motivates him to have a place like Niroj — a place where Kurds can celebrate their culture.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Between Homelands: Armenians Struggle to Preserve Their Language",
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"headTitle": "Between Homelands | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This week we’re launching a new series called “Between Homelands.” We’ve teamed up with students from USC Annenberg’s School for Communication and Journalism. They're bringing us stories of people living in California who have come from afar, or who were born in the U.S. but feel like cultural foreigners.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>April 24 marks the centennial of the massacre of nearly 1.5 million Armenians that caused thousands of others to flee what is now Turkey. Many refer to this as the Armenian genocide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Los Angeles is home to the largest population of Armenians in the U.S. While their communities continue to thrive, Western Armenian, the dialect they brought with them, is in severe danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/202438862\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hratch Sepetjian teaches at \u003ca class=\"pseudolink annotate\" href=\"http://www.agbumds.org/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=74461&type=u\" target=\"_blank\">AGBU Manoogian-Demirdjian School\u003c/a>, a private Armenian school in Los Angeles. It works to promote and preserve Armenian language and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10500239\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/Hratch-Sepetjian-Class-Pics-2.27-6-of-8.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10500239 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/Hratch-Sepetjian-Class-Pics-2.27-6-of-8-e1429891134591.jpg\" alt=\"Hratch Sepetjian Class Pics 2.27 (6 of 8)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student asks Hratch Sepetjian a question after his ninth-grade English class. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has Western Armenian on its endangered languages list. Sepetjian hopes his class will help keep the language alive. \u003ccite>(Andy Vasoyan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has Western Armenian on its \u003ca href=\"www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/\">endangered languages list\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every day languages die,\" Sepetjian says. \"I'm not saying it's close, or soon, or in 10 years, but that day will come.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Armenian came close to dying on April 24, 1915. That is when the Ottoman Empire began systematically killing Armenians in their ancestral homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the genocide, Western Armenian experienced a rebirth,” Sepetjian explains. “We opened schools and orphanages everywhere, and our mothers and fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers, who were Turkish-speaking, they taught their children Armenian.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that didn’t last, and now some descendants of the survivors have assimilated to the point where they rarely speak Armenian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10500240\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/Hratch-Sepetjian-Class-Pics-2.27-1-of-8.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10500240 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/Hratch-Sepetjian-Class-Pics-2.27-1-of-8-e1429891524741.jpg\" alt=\"Hratch Sepetjian Class Pics 2.27 (1 of 8)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students in Hratch Sepetjian's class listen to a lecture in Armenian. The high school is one of about 10 Armenian schools in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Andy Vasoyan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sepetjian's student, Erika Saringulian, transferred into the school last year. Although she’s now closer to the Armenian community, she’s worried about getting further from the language. She says she speaks Armenian only in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don’t talk Armenian with my friends,\" Saringulian explains. \"None of us do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Culhaoglu has been at the school for years. He’s already looking to the next generation to keep the language alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At most, two or three people in this class are going to teach their kids Armenian,\" he says. Another student in the class interrupts him, and insists Culhaoglu will eventually speak to his children in Armenian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No,\" Culhaoglu counters, \"because right now you speak to your family in English. So why would you teach it? It's going to be very difficult, unless you send them to an Armenian school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the fact that many of Hratch Sepetjian's students speak Armenian only in the classroom, he says he refuses to give up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As much as we can, we have to keep trying,” he says. “We can't give up, even if it's inevitable. We must not despair, we must try to remain Armenian, and Armenian-speaking.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This week we’re launching a new series called “Between Homelands.” We’ve teamed up with students from USC Annenberg’s School for Communication and Journalism. They're bringing us stories of people living in California who have come from afar, or who were born in the U.S. but feel like cultural foreigners.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>April 24 marks the centennial of the massacre of nearly 1.5 million Armenians that caused thousands of others to flee what is now Turkey. Many refer to this as the Armenian genocide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Los Angeles is home to the largest population of Armenians in the U.S. While their communities continue to thrive, Western Armenian, the dialect they brought with them, is in severe danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/202438862&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/202438862'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hratch Sepetjian teaches at \u003ca class=\"pseudolink annotate\" href=\"http://www.agbumds.org/apps/pages/index.jsp?uREC_ID=74461&type=u\" target=\"_blank\">AGBU Manoogian-Demirdjian School\u003c/a>, a private Armenian school in Los Angeles. It works to promote and preserve Armenian language and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10500239\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/Hratch-Sepetjian-Class-Pics-2.27-6-of-8.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10500239 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/Hratch-Sepetjian-Class-Pics-2.27-6-of-8-e1429891134591.jpg\" alt=\"Hratch Sepetjian Class Pics 2.27 (6 of 8)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student asks Hratch Sepetjian a question after his ninth-grade English class. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has Western Armenian on its endangered languages list. Sepetjian hopes his class will help keep the language alive. \u003ccite>(Andy Vasoyan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has Western Armenian on its \u003ca href=\"www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/\">endangered languages list\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every day languages die,\" Sepetjian says. \"I'm not saying it's close, or soon, or in 10 years, but that day will come.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Armenian came close to dying on April 24, 1915. That is when the Ottoman Empire began systematically killing Armenians in their ancestral homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the genocide, Western Armenian experienced a rebirth,” Sepetjian explains. “We opened schools and orphanages everywhere, and our mothers and fathers, grandmothers and grandfathers, who were Turkish-speaking, they taught their children Armenian.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that didn’t last, and now some descendants of the survivors have assimilated to the point where they rarely speak Armenian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10500240\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/Hratch-Sepetjian-Class-Pics-2.27-1-of-8.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10500240 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/Hratch-Sepetjian-Class-Pics-2.27-1-of-8-e1429891524741.jpg\" alt=\"Hratch Sepetjian Class Pics 2.27 (1 of 8)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students in Hratch Sepetjian's class listen to a lecture in Armenian. The high school is one of about 10 Armenian schools in Los Angeles. \u003ccite>(Andy Vasoyan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sepetjian's student, Erika Saringulian, transferred into the school last year. Although she’s now closer to the Armenian community, she’s worried about getting further from the language. She says she speaks Armenian only in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don’t talk Armenian with my friends,\" Saringulian explains. \"None of us do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Culhaoglu has been at the school for years. He’s already looking to the next generation to keep the language alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At most, two or three people in this class are going to teach their kids Armenian,\" he says. Another student in the class interrupts him, and insists Culhaoglu will eventually speak to his children in Armenian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No,\" Culhaoglu counters, \"because right now you speak to your family in English. So why would you teach it? It's going to be very difficult, unless you send them to an Armenian school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the fact that many of Hratch Sepetjian's students speak Armenian only in the classroom, he says he refuses to give up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As much as we can, we have to keep trying,” he says. “We can't give up, even if it's inevitable. We must not despair, we must try to remain Armenian, and Armenian-speaking.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
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"here-and-now": {
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"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
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