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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11898043\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: people in downtown San Francisco standing in water, we see a fish talk to another fish, saying, "they call it 'king tide,' but I call it 'low tide of the future'."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1319\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final-800x550.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final-1020x701.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final-160x110.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final-1536x1055.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King tides are here, with the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1466514704839299074\">National Weather Service warning that localized flooding is expected around the bay during weekend high tides\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest tides of the year (the highest highs and lowest lows) happen when the orbits of the earth, sun and moon align just so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you like king tides, you’re in luck!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to human-caused climate change, before long all of our high tides will be as high as the current king tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which means the king tides will be higher, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805/climate-solutions-in-east-palo-alto\">And so on, and so on\u003c/a> …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11898043\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: people in downtown San Francisco standing in water, we see a fish talk to another fish, saying, "they call it 'king tide,' but I call it 'low tide of the future'."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1319\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final-800x550.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final-1020x701.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final-160x110.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/kingtides_120321_final-1536x1055.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King tides are here, with the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1466514704839299074\">National Weather Service warning that localized flooding is expected around the bay during weekend high tides\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest tides of the year (the highest highs and lowest lows) happen when the orbits of the earth, sun and moon align just so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you like king tides, you’re in luck!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to human-caused climate change, before long all of our high tides will be as high as the current king tides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which means the king tides will be higher, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805/climate-solutions-in-east-palo-alto\">And so on, and so on\u003c/a> …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Failed to Protect Outdoor Workers from Wildfire Smoke Under Biden's New OSHA Chief",
"title": "California Failed to Protect Outdoor Workers from Wildfire Smoke Under Biden's New OSHA Chief",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>President Joe Biden’s pick to lead the nation’s worker health and safety efforts largely failed in his previous job to enforce protections for California outdoor workers exposed to toxic wildfire smoke. That’s according to an investigation by KQED and The California Newsroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the state faced its largest wildfire seasons on record, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/5141_1.html\">employers were required to take steps to prevent millions of outdoor workers from breathing harmful levels of smoke\u003c/a> — such as by providing N95 masks or moving them indoors on days with unhealthy air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But under the leadership of Douglas Parker, who joined the Biden administration last month, the California agency tasked with enforcing the smoke regulations rarely penalized employers for breaking the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/data/industry-employment-and-unemployment-rates-for-counties.html\">Nearly 4 million Californians labor in agriculture, construction, utilities and other industries with outdoor jobs\u003c/a>, an analysis of state employment figures shows. Parker led the California Division of Occupational Health and Safety, known as Cal/OSHA, as it cited employers just 11 times in the more than two years between July 2019, when the smoke protections went into effect, and October 5, 2021, according to data provided by the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month Parker joined the Biden administration to lead OSHA at the federal level, as assistant secretary for the U.S. Department of Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews and advocate surveys, vulnerable workers in the state’s $60 billion agricultural industry reported they labored in heavy smoke without any of the required safeguards, pointing to a potentially widespread problem of employers not following the first-in-the-nation requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-11897839\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/workers_citations-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1434\" height=\"968\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/workers_citations-3.png 1434w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/workers_citations-3-800x540.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/workers_citations-3-1020x689.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/workers_citations-3-160x108.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1434px) 100vw, 1434px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smoke “affects me on my chest, and I get a very hoarse voice and a lot of cough,” said Alejandra Beltran, 44, who harvested raisins in Fresno County during this year’s wildfire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she browsed boxes of groceries at a food bank in the small town of Biola, Beltran said she had never heard of the regulations that are meant to protect her, despite a provision mandating that employers educate workers about the health risks of breathing wildfire smoke “in a language and manner readily understandable by employees.” Beltran said she also was never offered an N95 mask, or other protections required by the smoke regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'We have to do a better job'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In an interview, state Assemblymember Robert Rivas (D-Salinas), chair of the Assembly Agriculture Committee, called the state’s enforcement to date “disappointing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Eleven violations is obviously a very low number, but it's certainly, in my opinion, not a true reflection of potential issues that are out there,” he said. “We have to do a better job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivas proposed a bill that would have stepped up enforcement by establishing dedicated Cal/OSHA “strike teams” of inspectors that would be deployed to agricultural worksites on days with unhealthy air. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVersionsCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB73&cversion=20210AB7399INT\">It was gutted in August after generating opposition from Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration\u003c/a>, according to documents viewed by The California Newsroom and people close to the negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents show the California Labor and Workforce Development Agency, which oversees Cal/OSHA, requesting amendments to the bill, including deleting the “strike teams” provision. Rivas ultimately agreed to take it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having a mechanism of enforcement is incredibly important,” said Rivas, who grew up in a farmworker family. “My effort here was not trying to penalize growers in any way or the agricultural industry, but it was to achieve a level of accountability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897803\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897803 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/DougParker.jpg\" alt=\"A professional head shot of a smiling, middle-aged White man with medium-short brown hair, a gray suit jacket, pink shirt, and darker pink tie.\" width=\"800\" height=\"848\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/DougParker.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/DougParker-160x170.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Joe Biden recently appointed Douglas L. Parker, former chief of Cal/OSHA, as assistant secretary for the U.S. Department of Labor. Parker was sworn in Nov. 3, 2021. \u003ccite>(Courtesy U.S. Department of Labor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spokespeople for the Labor and Workforce Development Agency and Newsom’s press office did not respond to multiple inquiries. In an email, Parker alluded to his new position in the Biden administration and declined to comment, saying he wanted “the chance to study more about what has been happening outside of California.” He referred our inquiry back to Cal/OSHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s acting chief, Danielle 'Dan' Lucido, defended Cal/OSHA’s record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are a leader in providing worker protection, including against smoke,” she said. “We care very much about enforcement of this regulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Parker himself who petitioned Cal/OSHA to create the protections. In December 2018, prior to his tenure at the agency, Parker joined with labor advocates, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21120192-petition-573\">writing\u003c/a> that “an emergency standard needs to be put in place as soon as possible, since wildfires are now occurring during many months of the year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Little outreach, few complaints, fewer inspections\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Breathing dangerous particulate matter in wildfire smoke can cause eye and throat irritation, persistent coughing, wheezing or difficulty breathing. Exposure to so-called PM 2.5 also can lead to more serious health problems, such as reduced lung function, heart failure and early death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A September investigation by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890211/dangerous-air-as-california-burns-america-breathes-toxic-smoke\">The California Newsroom linked the rise of wildfire smoke to sharp increases in hospitalizations for heart and lung conditions in the state\u003c/a>. It also found a dramatic rise in prescriptions for the asthma medication albuterol as the number of “smoke days” increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11890211 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Leadphoto-1038x576.png']Beltran and other farmworkers in Fresno County told KQED and The California Newsroom their employers never mentioned the required protections against smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some things they just like to keep to themselves,” said Beltran, the mother of six children. “And obviously we are the ones put at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience of Beltran and other farmworkers who labor outside expose a Catch-22 scenario on the enforcement of the wildfire smoke regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897805\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897805 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran.jpg\" alt=\"A light-complected woman with long blond hair looks frankly at the camera, her right elbow propped on top of a car, her head tipped to her right. She wears a white mask that covers her face from nose to chin, a teal and white sweatshirt, and a dark blue jacket. Beyond her and beneath a leafy tree, a couple other parked cars are visible, and beyond a chain link fence lies a field with brown dirt and bright green leafy crops.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworker Alejandra Beltran, 44, leans on her truck near vineyards in Biola, California, on Oct. 13, 2021. Beltran said she worked outdoors in heavy smoke conditions as recently as Oct. 4 and 5, but wasn’t aware of the required worker protections. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Without strike teams of inspectors in the field, Cal/OSHA typically only shows up to worksites following a complaint. But the lack of awareness about required protections and workers opting to not report problems because they fear retaliation means Cal/OSHA has carried out very few inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency received only 221 complaints related to wildfire smoke and visited worksites for just 26 employers between July 2019 and October 5, 2021, the data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-11897872\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/AQITable.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1240\" height=\"1446\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/AQITable.jpg 1240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/AQITable-800x933.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/AQITable-1020x1189.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/AQITable-160x187.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucido said the small number of inspections did not indicate a problem. “Whenever we are put on notice through a complaint, we do what we're supposed to do and roll out to investigate, if there’s a serious complaint,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency responded to most of the rest of those complaints by sending a letter to employers, asking them to respond to concerns in writing. Observers say that rarely leads to fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Nayamin Martinez, executive director of the Central California Environmental Justice Network\"]'I always find it very ironic when the agencies brag, 'Oh, we have more stringent rules [than] the entire nation.' Well, those rules are out there. But if you don't enforce them, then there's nothing good out of them.'[/pullquote]The California Farm Bureau Federation, the state’s largest agricultural trade group, has been working tirelessly to ensure agricultural employers know about the rules and to help them comply, a representative said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having workers who are not healthy is not a very good way to get the work done,” said Bryan Little, who directs human resources policy for the federation. He has led many trainings on wildfire smoke regulations for the organization’s 33,000 members, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people that I've talked to certainly leave me with the impression that they're trying very hard to make sure that they get their compliance issues right,” said Little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But workers’ statements to KQED and The California Newsroom coincide with the findings of a recent survey of more than 300 agricultural workers in the San Joaquin Valley conducted by the nonprofit Central California Environmental Justice Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rule is not working,” said Nayamin Martinez, the network’s executive director. “I always find it very ironic when the agencies brag, ‘Oh, we have more stringent rules [than] the entire nation.’ Well, those rules are out there. But if you don’t enforce them, then there's nothing good out of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 60% of farmworkers surveyed in Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera and Tulare counties said that their employers did not provide N95 masks or that they did not know what N95s were. About 45% reported they were not aware of California’s wildfire smoke protections, said Martinez, whose small nonprofit developed wallet cards in Spanish to educate workers about the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industries where workers labor outdoors — such as agriculture, construction and landscaping — depend on a significant proportion of undocumented workers who are especially fearful of retaliation if they report problems. These workers may also face language and other barriers that make it more difficult to alert Cal/OSHA about conditions at their worksites, said Anne Katten, who directs the California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation’s pesticide and work safety project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needs to be much more outreach and it needs to be linguistically and culturally appropriate for workers,” said Katten, who joined Parker in petitioning Cal/OSHA for the protections. “It needs to be more high-profile. There needs to be a real, proactive program of having public service announcements and information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez suspects many small employers, especially Spanish-speaking farm labor contractors, also are unaware of the regulations. Others have difficulty monitoring the air quality index, or AQI, as prominent air quality websites are in English only, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two agricultural employers were issued fines by Cal/OSHA inspectors for failing to provide enough respirators or effective training to employees exposed to wildfire smoke, agency data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cal/OSHA's troubled history\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The paltry enforcement of the state smoke standard is just the latest example of the agency being slow to act on regulations that respond to crises made worse by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-cal-osha-farm-workers-20150612-story.html\">Cal/OSHA settled a lawsuit brought by five farmworkers and the United Farm Workers union\u003c/a> that accused the agency of neglecting its duty to enforce a 2005 law that protects outdoor workers from excessive heat. Farmworkers had died from heat-related illnesses while on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency agreed to increase its scrutiny of workplaces during high-heat months, and also \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/DIRNews/2021/2021-61.html\">waged a massive education campaign about the protections\u003c/a>, which require employers to provide basics like access to fresh water and shade, said Kevin Riley, who directs UCLA’s Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result said, Martinez, are radio announcements about the heat standard broadcast in multiple languages. “You can see billboards everywhere,” she said. “Compared to that, I didn’t see as much education, public education about the wildfire rule.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11886628 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/RS50596_019_SanFrancisco_HeatWaveImpacts_08062021-qut-1020x680.jpg']Meanwhile, Cal/OSHA also struggled with staffing shortages that worsened during the pandemic. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11875988/minimal-to-non-existent-safety-inspector-shortage-worsened-in-pandemic-leaving-california-workers-vulnerable\">vacancy rate for inspectors statewide reached 26% in February\u003c/a>, according to Cal/OSHA, but the agency was able to hire dozens of safety engineers and industrial hygienists. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/DOSH-Recruitment-Hiring.html\">Its vacancy rate for those positions is now just 16%.\u003c/a> Still, the agency has been overwhelmed by COVID-19 related complaints, say labor advocates, and cut down on in-person visits to worksites for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucido, the current head of Cal/OSHA, acknowledged that the pandemic undercut the agency’s ability to increase awareness about the rule, but pushed back against the notion that enforcing the wildfire smoke protections is not a priority for the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are determined to enforce this regulation and educate workers about their rights,” she said. “Having the pandemic in play for a year and a half of this new regulation impacted our ability to create materials and do other things that we would have wanted to do to engage in outreach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last six months, the agency has posted \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/worker-health-and-safety-in-wildfire-regions.html\">videos\u003c/a> and other training materials on its website about the regulations in Spanish and English and met with community-based organizations that can help workers file complaints, she added. But there has been no massive public outreach campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>One worker's story\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California’s wildfire smoke requirements for employers are activated only when outdoor workers may be exposed to wildfire smoke and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/\">air quality index\u003c/a> for PM 2.5 reaches 151 or above, which the federal Environmental Protection Agency deems “unhealthy.” At that level, employers must offer workers N95 masks or make changes to reduce workers’ exposure to the smoke. Wearing N95 masks is compulsory when the AQI hits 500 or more, a level rarely reached during even the worst wildfires and 200 points higher than the standard for “hazardous” set by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/AgComm/2019/CAC_2019_actual_final.pdf\">top 10 agricultural counties in the state\u003c/a>, most of which lie in the San Joaquin Valley, Fresno has experienced the most wildfire season days with an AQI greater than 150, according to an analysis by KQED and The California Newsroom of \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/air-data-daily-air-quality-tracker\">EPA historical air quality data\u003c/a>. Since the smoke rule went into effect, Fresno has seen a total of 45 “unhealthy” air days during peak wildfire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1114px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897816 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Smoke-Fresno-Oct-5-NOAA.jpg\" alt=\"A map of Northern California counties, outlined in white, with a red overlay in the middle, with a U around the central area in orange, then a U of yellow around that, and finally green outside the yellow on the left, where the ocean is.\" width=\"1114\" height=\"620\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Smoke-Fresno-Oct-5-NOAA.jpg 1114w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Smoke-Fresno-Oct-5-NOAA-800x445.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Smoke-Fresno-Oct-5-NOAA-1020x568.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Smoke-Fresno-Oct-5-NOAA-160x89.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1114px) 100vw, 1114px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An analysis of satellite images by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shows that heavy smoke inundated Fresno and other parts of the San Joaquin Valley on Oct. 5, 2021, including fields where farmworkers interviewed by KQED and The California Report said they labored that day. Most of the smoke emanated from the KNP Complex Fire that was raging in nearby Sequoia National Park. \u003ccite>(Courtesy NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On one of those days, Oct. 5, 2021, a 33-year-old immigrant from Mexico said he worked a regular shift pulling dry grapevines from the soil by a Fresno highway. The AQI hovered around 160 in the county, according to the EPA, while federal satellite images showed intense smoke blanketing the field where he worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The smoke was really thick, you could really feel it,” said the worker, who has labored in the U.S. for 15 years, in Spanish. “My throat hurt that day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his employer, a farm labor contractor that he identified as Can II Ag Mgt. Inc., has never offered training or N95 masks on smoky days, he said. A large banner for the company was tied to a portable toilet in the field where he toiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At work they haven’t given us masks at all,” said the worker, who was surprised to learn about the safeguards. “They’ve never given us classes on what to do when there’s a lot of pollution because of the smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is withholding the man’s name because he fears retaliation from his employer and, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/eta/national-agricultural-workers-survey/research/data-tables\">like more than 40% of agricultural workers in the state, is undocumented\u003c/a>. A second farmworker who said he also was employed by Can II Ag Mgt., which is based in Kerman, provided similar testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897819\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897819 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign.jpg\" alt=\"Backlit by bright sun on a four-wheeled extended trailer are a red portable toilet with a hand-washing station on the left and an olive-colored company sign nearly the height of the toilet and three times as long on the right. The trailer sits on a dirt road beside a field.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1194\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign-800x498.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign-1020x634.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign-1536x955.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banner for Can II Ag Mgt. stands next to a portable toilet at a field in Fresno County where farmworkers said the company failed to offer them N95 masks or other required protections during heavy smoke days. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Several attempts to reach Guillermo Cantu, Can II Ag Mgt.’s chief executive officer according to California corporate filings, were unsuccessful. But his wife and co-worker, Angie Garcia, said they were aware of the wildfire smoke rule and referred questions to their attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We provide everything necessary to use while they are working,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s attorney, Anthony Raimondo, denied the allegations made by farmworkers, but declined to provide evidence that Can II Ag Mgt. had taken any steps to reduce workers’ exposure to wildfire smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The company is in compliance with all the rules of the state of California. We deny the allegations 100%,” said Raimondo, president of Raimondo & Associates in the city of Fresno. “These are uncorroborated, unsubstantiated statements. And there’ll be no further comment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data provided by Cal/OSHA show no workers filed a complaint against this company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Farida Jhabvala Romero is a reporter for KQED in San Francisco. She produced this investigation for The California Newsroom. Aaron Glantz, senior investigations editor for the newsroom, edited this story with managing editor Adriene Hill. It was edited by David Marks and copy edited by Jenny Pritchett of KQED.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Newsroom is a collaboration of NPR, 17 public radio stations across the state, from San Diego to the Oregon border, and CalMatters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Joe Biden’s pick to lead the nation’s worker health and safety efforts largely failed in his previous job to enforce protections for California outdoor workers exposed to toxic wildfire smoke. That’s according to an investigation by KQED and The California Newsroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the state faced its largest wildfire seasons on record, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/5141_1.html\">employers were required to take steps to prevent millions of outdoor workers from breathing harmful levels of smoke\u003c/a> — such as by providing N95 masks or moving them indoors on days with unhealthy air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But under the leadership of Douglas Parker, who joined the Biden administration last month, the California agency tasked with enforcing the smoke regulations rarely penalized employers for breaking the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/data/industry-employment-and-unemployment-rates-for-counties.html\">Nearly 4 million Californians labor in agriculture, construction, utilities and other industries with outdoor jobs\u003c/a>, an analysis of state employment figures shows. Parker led the California Division of Occupational Health and Safety, known as Cal/OSHA, as it cited employers just 11 times in the more than two years between July 2019, when the smoke protections went into effect, and October 5, 2021, according to data provided by the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month Parker joined the Biden administration to lead OSHA at the federal level, as assistant secretary for the U.S. Department of Labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews and advocate surveys, vulnerable workers in the state’s $60 billion agricultural industry reported they labored in heavy smoke without any of the required safeguards, pointing to a potentially widespread problem of employers not following the first-in-the-nation requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-11897839\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/workers_citations-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1434\" height=\"968\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/workers_citations-3.png 1434w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/workers_citations-3-800x540.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/workers_citations-3-1020x689.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/workers_citations-3-160x108.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1434px) 100vw, 1434px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smoke “affects me on my chest, and I get a very hoarse voice and a lot of cough,” said Alejandra Beltran, 44, who harvested raisins in Fresno County during this year’s wildfire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she browsed boxes of groceries at a food bank in the small town of Biola, Beltran said she had never heard of the regulations that are meant to protect her, despite a provision mandating that employers educate workers about the health risks of breathing wildfire smoke “in a language and manner readily understandable by employees.” Beltran said she also was never offered an N95 mask, or other protections required by the smoke regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'We have to do a better job'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In an interview, state Assemblymember Robert Rivas (D-Salinas), chair of the Assembly Agriculture Committee, called the state’s enforcement to date “disappointing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Eleven violations is obviously a very low number, but it's certainly, in my opinion, not a true reflection of potential issues that are out there,” he said. “We have to do a better job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivas proposed a bill that would have stepped up enforcement by establishing dedicated Cal/OSHA “strike teams” of inspectors that would be deployed to agricultural worksites on days with unhealthy air. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVersionsCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB73&cversion=20210AB7399INT\">It was gutted in August after generating opposition from Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration\u003c/a>, according to documents viewed by The California Newsroom and people close to the negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents show the California Labor and Workforce Development Agency, which oversees Cal/OSHA, requesting amendments to the bill, including deleting the “strike teams” provision. Rivas ultimately agreed to take it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having a mechanism of enforcement is incredibly important,” said Rivas, who grew up in a farmworker family. “My effort here was not trying to penalize growers in any way or the agricultural industry, but it was to achieve a level of accountability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897803\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897803 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/DougParker.jpg\" alt=\"A professional head shot of a smiling, middle-aged White man with medium-short brown hair, a gray suit jacket, pink shirt, and darker pink tie.\" width=\"800\" height=\"848\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/DougParker.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/DougParker-160x170.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Joe Biden recently appointed Douglas L. Parker, former chief of Cal/OSHA, as assistant secretary for the U.S. Department of Labor. Parker was sworn in Nov. 3, 2021. \u003ccite>(Courtesy U.S. Department of Labor)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spokespeople for the Labor and Workforce Development Agency and Newsom’s press office did not respond to multiple inquiries. In an email, Parker alluded to his new position in the Biden administration and declined to comment, saying he wanted “the chance to study more about what has been happening outside of California.” He referred our inquiry back to Cal/OSHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s acting chief, Danielle 'Dan' Lucido, defended Cal/OSHA’s record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are a leader in providing worker protection, including against smoke,” she said. “We care very much about enforcement of this regulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Parker himself who petitioned Cal/OSHA to create the protections. In December 2018, prior to his tenure at the agency, Parker joined with labor advocates, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/21120192-petition-573\">writing\u003c/a> that “an emergency standard needs to be put in place as soon as possible, since wildfires are now occurring during many months of the year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Little outreach, few complaints, fewer inspections\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Breathing dangerous particulate matter in wildfire smoke can cause eye and throat irritation, persistent coughing, wheezing or difficulty breathing. Exposure to so-called PM 2.5 also can lead to more serious health problems, such as reduced lung function, heart failure and early death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A September investigation by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890211/dangerous-air-as-california-burns-america-breathes-toxic-smoke\">The California Newsroom linked the rise of wildfire smoke to sharp increases in hospitalizations for heart and lung conditions in the state\u003c/a>. It also found a dramatic rise in prescriptions for the asthma medication albuterol as the number of “smoke days” increased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Beltran and other farmworkers in Fresno County told KQED and The California Newsroom their employers never mentioned the required protections against smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some things they just like to keep to themselves,” said Beltran, the mother of six children. “And obviously we are the ones put at risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experience of Beltran and other farmworkers who labor outside expose a Catch-22 scenario on the enforcement of the wildfire smoke regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897805\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897805 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran.jpg\" alt=\"A light-complected woman with long blond hair looks frankly at the camera, her right elbow propped on top of a car, her head tipped to her right. She wears a white mask that covers her face from nose to chin, a teal and white sweatshirt, and a dark blue jacket. Beyond her and beneath a leafy tree, a couple other parked cars are visible, and beyond a chain link fence lies a field with brown dirt and bright green leafy crops.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Alejandra-Beltran-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworker Alejandra Beltran, 44, leans on her truck near vineyards in Biola, California, on Oct. 13, 2021. Beltran said she worked outdoors in heavy smoke conditions as recently as Oct. 4 and 5, but wasn’t aware of the required worker protections. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Without strike teams of inspectors in the field, Cal/OSHA typically only shows up to worksites following a complaint. But the lack of awareness about required protections and workers opting to not report problems because they fear retaliation means Cal/OSHA has carried out very few inspections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency received only 221 complaints related to wildfire smoke and visited worksites for just 26 employers between July 2019 and October 5, 2021, the data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-11897872\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/AQITable.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1240\" height=\"1446\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/AQITable.jpg 1240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/AQITable-800x933.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/AQITable-1020x1189.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/AQITable-160x187.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1240px) 100vw, 1240px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucido said the small number of inspections did not indicate a problem. “Whenever we are put on notice through a complaint, we do what we're supposed to do and roll out to investigate, if there’s a serious complaint,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency responded to most of the rest of those complaints by sending a letter to employers, asking them to respond to concerns in writing. Observers say that rarely leads to fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'I always find it very ironic when the agencies brag, 'Oh, we have more stringent rules [than] the entire nation.' Well, those rules are out there. But if you don't enforce them, then there's nothing good out of them.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The California Farm Bureau Federation, the state’s largest agricultural trade group, has been working tirelessly to ensure agricultural employers know about the rules and to help them comply, a representative said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having workers who are not healthy is not a very good way to get the work done,” said Bryan Little, who directs human resources policy for the federation. He has led many trainings on wildfire smoke regulations for the organization’s 33,000 members, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people that I've talked to certainly leave me with the impression that they're trying very hard to make sure that they get their compliance issues right,” said Little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But workers’ statements to KQED and The California Newsroom coincide with the findings of a recent survey of more than 300 agricultural workers in the San Joaquin Valley conducted by the nonprofit Central California Environmental Justice Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rule is not working,” said Nayamin Martinez, the network’s executive director. “I always find it very ironic when the agencies brag, ‘Oh, we have more stringent rules [than] the entire nation.’ Well, those rules are out there. But if you don’t enforce them, then there's nothing good out of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 60% of farmworkers surveyed in Fresno, Kern, Kings, Madera and Tulare counties said that their employers did not provide N95 masks or that they did not know what N95s were. About 45% reported they were not aware of California’s wildfire smoke protections, said Martinez, whose small nonprofit developed wallet cards in Spanish to educate workers about the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industries where workers labor outdoors — such as agriculture, construction and landscaping — depend on a significant proportion of undocumented workers who are especially fearful of retaliation if they report problems. These workers may also face language and other barriers that make it more difficult to alert Cal/OSHA about conditions at their worksites, said Anne Katten, who directs the California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation’s pesticide and work safety project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There needs to be much more outreach and it needs to be linguistically and culturally appropriate for workers,” said Katten, who joined Parker in petitioning Cal/OSHA for the protections. “It needs to be more high-profile. There needs to be a real, proactive program of having public service announcements and information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez suspects many small employers, especially Spanish-speaking farm labor contractors, also are unaware of the regulations. Others have difficulty monitoring the air quality index, or AQI, as prominent air quality websites are in English only, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only two agricultural employers were issued fines by Cal/OSHA inspectors for failing to provide enough respirators or effective training to employees exposed to wildfire smoke, agency data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cal/OSHA's troubled history\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The paltry enforcement of the state smoke standard is just the latest example of the agency being slow to act on regulations that respond to crises made worse by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-cal-osha-farm-workers-20150612-story.html\">Cal/OSHA settled a lawsuit brought by five farmworkers and the United Farm Workers union\u003c/a> that accused the agency of neglecting its duty to enforce a 2005 law that protects outdoor workers from excessive heat. Farmworkers had died from heat-related illnesses while on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency agreed to increase its scrutiny of workplaces during high-heat months, and also \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/DIRNews/2021/2021-61.html\">waged a massive education campaign about the protections\u003c/a>, which require employers to provide basics like access to fresh water and shade, said Kevin Riley, who directs UCLA’s Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result said, Martinez, are radio announcements about the heat standard broadcast in multiple languages. “You can see billboards everywhere,” she said. “Compared to that, I didn’t see as much education, public education about the wildfire rule.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Meanwhile, Cal/OSHA also struggled with staffing shortages that worsened during the pandemic. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11875988/minimal-to-non-existent-safety-inspector-shortage-worsened-in-pandemic-leaving-california-workers-vulnerable\">vacancy rate for inspectors statewide reached 26% in February\u003c/a>, according to Cal/OSHA, but the agency was able to hire dozens of safety engineers and industrial hygienists. \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/DOSH-Recruitment-Hiring.html\">Its vacancy rate for those positions is now just 16%.\u003c/a> Still, the agency has been overwhelmed by COVID-19 related complaints, say labor advocates, and cut down on in-person visits to worksites for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucido, the current head of Cal/OSHA, acknowledged that the pandemic undercut the agency’s ability to increase awareness about the rule, but pushed back against the notion that enforcing the wildfire smoke protections is not a priority for the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are determined to enforce this regulation and educate workers about their rights,” she said. “Having the pandemic in play for a year and a half of this new regulation impacted our ability to create materials and do other things that we would have wanted to do to engage in outreach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last six months, the agency has posted \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/worker-health-and-safety-in-wildfire-regions.html\">videos\u003c/a> and other training materials on its website about the regulations in Spanish and English and met with community-based organizations that can help workers file complaints, she added. But there has been no massive public outreach campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>One worker's story\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>California’s wildfire smoke requirements for employers are activated only when outdoor workers may be exposed to wildfire smoke and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/\">air quality index\u003c/a> for PM 2.5 reaches 151 or above, which the federal Environmental Protection Agency deems “unhealthy.” At that level, employers must offer workers N95 masks or make changes to reduce workers’ exposure to the smoke. Wearing N95 masks is compulsory when the AQI hits 500 or more, a level rarely reached during even the worst wildfires and 200 points higher than the standard for “hazardous” set by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/California/Publications/AgComm/2019/CAC_2019_actual_final.pdf\">top 10 agricultural counties in the state\u003c/a>, most of which lie in the San Joaquin Valley, Fresno has experienced the most wildfire season days with an AQI greater than 150, according to an analysis by KQED and The California Newsroom of \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/outdoor-air-quality-data/air-data-daily-air-quality-tracker\">EPA historical air quality data\u003c/a>. Since the smoke rule went into effect, Fresno has seen a total of 45 “unhealthy” air days during peak wildfire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897816\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1114px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897816 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Smoke-Fresno-Oct-5-NOAA.jpg\" alt=\"A map of Northern California counties, outlined in white, with a red overlay in the middle, with a U around the central area in orange, then a U of yellow around that, and finally green outside the yellow on the left, where the ocean is.\" width=\"1114\" height=\"620\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Smoke-Fresno-Oct-5-NOAA.jpg 1114w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Smoke-Fresno-Oct-5-NOAA-800x445.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Smoke-Fresno-Oct-5-NOAA-1020x568.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Smoke-Fresno-Oct-5-NOAA-160x89.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1114px) 100vw, 1114px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An analysis of satellite images by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shows that heavy smoke inundated Fresno and other parts of the San Joaquin Valley on Oct. 5, 2021, including fields where farmworkers interviewed by KQED and The California Report said they labored that day. Most of the smoke emanated from the KNP Complex Fire that was raging in nearby Sequoia National Park. \u003ccite>(Courtesy NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On one of those days, Oct. 5, 2021, a 33-year-old immigrant from Mexico said he worked a regular shift pulling dry grapevines from the soil by a Fresno highway. The AQI hovered around 160 in the county, according to the EPA, while federal satellite images showed intense smoke blanketing the field where he worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The smoke was really thick, you could really feel it,” said the worker, who has labored in the U.S. for 15 years, in Spanish. “My throat hurt that day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his employer, a farm labor contractor that he identified as Can II Ag Mgt. Inc., has never offered training or N95 masks on smoky days, he said. A large banner for the company was tied to a portable toilet in the field where he toiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At work they haven’t given us masks at all,” said the worker, who was surprised to learn about the safeguards. “They’ve never given us classes on what to do when there’s a lot of pollution because of the smoke.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is withholding the man’s name because he fears retaliation from his employer and, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dol.gov/agencies/eta/national-agricultural-workers-survey/research/data-tables\">like more than 40% of agricultural workers in the state, is undocumented\u003c/a>. A second farmworker who said he also was employed by Can II Ag Mgt., which is based in Kerman, provided similar testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897819\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11897819 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign.jpg\" alt=\"Backlit by bright sun on a four-wheeled extended trailer are a red portable toilet with a hand-washing station on the left and an olive-colored company sign nearly the height of the toilet and three times as long on the right. The trailer sits on a dirt road beside a field.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1194\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign-800x498.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign-1020x634.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/12/Can-II-sign-1536x955.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banner for Can II Ag Mgt. stands next to a portable toilet at a field in Fresno County where farmworkers said the company failed to offer them N95 masks or other required protections during heavy smoke days. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Several attempts to reach Guillermo Cantu, Can II Ag Mgt.’s chief executive officer according to California corporate filings, were unsuccessful. But his wife and co-worker, Angie Garcia, said they were aware of the wildfire smoke rule and referred questions to their attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We provide everything necessary to use while they are working,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s attorney, Anthony Raimondo, denied the allegations made by farmworkers, but declined to provide evidence that Can II Ag Mgt. had taken any steps to reduce workers’ exposure to wildfire smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The company is in compliance with all the rules of the state of California. We deny the allegations 100%,” said Raimondo, president of Raimondo & Associates in the city of Fresno. “These are uncorroborated, unsubstantiated statements. And there’ll be no further comment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data provided by Cal/OSHA show no workers filed a complaint against this company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Farida Jhabvala Romero is a reporter for KQED in San Francisco. She produced this investigation for The California Newsroom. Aaron Glantz, senior investigations editor for the newsroom, edited this story with managing editor Adriene Hill. It was edited by David Marks and copy edited by Jenny Pritchett of KQED.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Newsroom is a collaboration of NPR, 17 public radio stations across the state, from San Diego to the Oregon border, and CalMatters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "ahead-of-californias-ban-on-gas-powered-tools-some-landscapers-call-the-states-subsidy-inadequate",
"title": "Ahead of California's Ban on Gas-Powered Tools, Some Landscapers Call the State's Subsidy Inadequate",
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"headTitle": "Ahead of California’s Ban on Gas-Powered Tools, Some Landscapers Call the State’s Subsidy Inadequate | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/calmatters-en-espanol/2021/11/un-cupon-del-50-de-descuento-para-una-herramienta-electrica-los-jardineros-dicen-que-el-subsidio-de-california-es-inadecuado/\">\u003cem>Leer en español.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Gov. Gavin Newsom has signed a bill \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977168/the-sounds-of-silence-california-bans-new-gas-powered-leaf-blowers\">banning the sale of most new gas-powered tools by 2024\u003c/a>, gardeners and landscapers say a $30 million state subsidy isn’t nearly enough to help small operators make the switch to electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency responsible for administering the subsidy estimates it has only enough to give each self-employed gardener a 50% coupon for one tool, far from the truckload of leaf blowers, lawn mowers, small chain saws, brush cutters and trimmers most haul around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1977168\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/RS52049_GettyImages-1346603572-qut-1020x695.jpg\"]In fact, local governments have learned they need to offer more. In Southern California, a regional air quality district that has been running a similar incentive program since 2017, saw few takers until it increased rebates to 75% per tool. The district paired that with an outreach program and encouraged landscapers to test electric equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board is still figuring out who will qualify for the rebate, and Assemblymember Marc Berman, one of the authors of the bill, said he’s open to adding more funding if needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s not make the perfect be the enemy of the good,” said the Menlo Park Democrat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists hailed the first-in-the-nation law for advancing California’s clean energy goals, noting the state estimates that smog-forming pollution from small gas-powered engines will surpass emissions from passenger cars this year. But electrifying the landscaping industry creates financial and physical burdens for the estimated 60,000 one-person and often unlicensed landscaping operations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes373011.htm\">an industry that sees an average income under $40,000 a year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897482\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11897482 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-03.jpg\" alt=\"A chain saw lies on the ground, next to a red gasoline tank.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-03.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-03-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-03-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A chain saw and gas can on the ground during fire mitigation work at a property along Via Floreado in Orinda on Nov. 16, 2021. Ken’s Rototilling and Landscaping owns around 50 gas-powered tools that could be affected by a state ban on new small gas motors. \u003ccite>(Aric Crabb/Bay Area News Group)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s an argument for subsidizing the transition. An electric leaf blower and batteries cost nearly twice as much as a comparable gas version. California estimates that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/regact/2021/sore21/isor.pdf#page=22\">a full transition of nearly 3 million tools used by landscaping professionals will cost $1.29 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan, a landscaper who asked to be identified by his first name only because he fears losing business, uses a mix of electric and gas equipment. The electric ones fall short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have 10 to 15 houses a day right now, but with electric [tools], I may do seven or five houses a day,” he said. That’s a loss of $1,000 a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, Bryan has told his kid he can’t afford books or a new laptop. The cost of a full conversion by purchasing all electric tools, he said, would require him to raise prices 30%. He fears his residential clients will purchase their own tools and do it themselves, pushing him out of a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the bill was signed, Berman and Assemblymember Lorena Gonzalez of San Diego called it a win for both the environment and human health. Electric tools have already been widely adopted by California homeowners, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/3.24.21%20Workshop%20Staff%20Presentation.pdf\">but only a fraction of commercial landscaping companies have made the switch, according to a 2018 survey by the air resources board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1977672\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/RS52246_029_SanFrancisco_YouthClimateStrike_10292021-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]At that time, 8 in 10 landscapers said they planned on buying gas-powered equipment with many prioritizing performance, run time and cost. But operating a gas-powered leaf blower for one hour, for example, emits the same amount of pollution as driving a Toyota Camry from Los Angeles to Denver, according to the air board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawn equipment conversion will bring the rest of the state in line with cities such as Palo Alto, Los Altos and Menlo Park, which have already banned noisy leaf blowers. The law also directs the air resources board to come up with statewide regulations for other small motor equipment, such as golf carts, small generators and power washers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the landscaping industry, the main target of the ban, says the transition has already been costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Wood purchased four batteries for his electric leaf blower after a number of communities in the Bay Area banned gas-powered leaf blowers. Woods, who owns a small landscaping business, immediately noticed the batteries don’t go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never spent $200 on something that lasted 45 minutes,” Wood said, “and it doesn’t last for six to eight houses a day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the batteries drain, Wood’s two employees resort to raking, which takes three times as long to complete a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests back him up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports rated gas and electric tools, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/lawn-mowers-and-tractors/ego-electric-mower-vs-honda-gas-mower-face-off-a6853992124/\">lawn mowers\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/leaf-blowers/buying-guide/index.htm\">leaf blowers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/leaf-blowers/buying-guide/index.htm\">string trimmers\u003c/a>, side by side. The nonprofit consumer organization found that battery-powered tools, with low maintenance and ease of use, were strong candidates for homeowners with less than an acre of land who could wait to recharge their batteries. But when it came to larger plots, more robust weeds to whack, or long hours of use, gas tools excelled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an industry, we want this [battery-powered] equipment to be able to handle what we throw at it,” said Sandra Giarde, executive director of the California Landscape Contractors Association. “But it’s not there yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897483\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11897483\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01.jpg\" alt=\"A man holds up a chainsaw in the outdoors and looks up at the canopy.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jorge Mijango of Ken’s Rototilling and Landscaping uses a chain saw to cut trees for fire mitigation at a property along Via Floreado in Orinda on Nov. 16, 2021. The landscaping company owns around 50 gas-powered tools that could be affected by a state ban on new small gas motors. \u003ccite>(Aric Crabb/Bay Area News Group)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The air resources board said the technology is close enough. While electric tools may not have the same power, they offer other benefits, such as longer life span, better torque for some tools and savings on gas and maintenance, said air pollution specialist Christopher Dilbeck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize that, yes, there will be substantial costs associated with what we are proposing,” said Dilbeck. “That is part of why this funding is available.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='climate']The board, which will allocate the state’s $30 million subsidy, has yet to release how it will hand out incentives other than saying it will target small operators, including those without a business license. In one scenario, California could offer 12,000 small landscapers a 50% discount on all their new tools, or every sole proprietor could receive a 50% discount on one tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are not going to be able to get the jobs done as fast,” said Ken Tamplen, owner of Ken’s Rototilling and Landscaping in Contra Costa County. “You’re not going to be able to make as much money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/calmatters-en-espanol/2021/11/un-cupon-del-50-de-descuento-para-una-herramienta-electrica-los-jardineros-dicen-que-el-subsidio-de-california-es-inadecuado/\">\u003cem>Leer en español.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Gov. Gavin Newsom has signed a bill \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1977168/the-sounds-of-silence-california-bans-new-gas-powered-leaf-blowers\">banning the sale of most new gas-powered tools by 2024\u003c/a>, gardeners and landscapers say a $30 million state subsidy isn’t nearly enough to help small operators make the switch to electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state agency responsible for administering the subsidy estimates it has only enough to give each self-employed gardener a 50% coupon for one tool, far from the truckload of leaf blowers, lawn mowers, small chain saws, brush cutters and trimmers most haul around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In fact, local governments have learned they need to offer more. In Southern California, a regional air quality district that has been running a similar incentive program since 2017, saw few takers until it increased rebates to 75% per tool. The district paired that with an outreach program and encouraged landscapers to test electric equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board is still figuring out who will qualify for the rebate, and Assemblymember Marc Berman, one of the authors of the bill, said he’s open to adding more funding if needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s not make the perfect be the enemy of the good,” said the Menlo Park Democrat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists hailed the first-in-the-nation law for advancing California’s clean energy goals, noting the state estimates that smog-forming pollution from small gas-powered engines will surpass emissions from passenger cars this year. But electrifying the landscaping industry creates financial and physical burdens for the estimated 60,000 one-person and often unlicensed landscaping operations, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes373011.htm\">an industry that sees an average income under $40,000 a year, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897482\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11897482 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-03.jpg\" alt=\"A chain saw lies on the ground, next to a red gasoline tank.\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-03.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-03-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-03-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-03-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A chain saw and gas can on the ground during fire mitigation work at a property along Via Floreado in Orinda on Nov. 16, 2021. Ken’s Rototilling and Landscaping owns around 50 gas-powered tools that could be affected by a state ban on new small gas motors. \u003ccite>(Aric Crabb/Bay Area News Group)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s an argument for subsidizing the transition. An electric leaf blower and batteries cost nearly twice as much as a comparable gas version. California estimates that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/regact/2021/sore21/isor.pdf#page=22\">a full transition of nearly 3 million tools used by landscaping professionals will cost $1.29 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan, a landscaper who asked to be identified by his first name only because he fears losing business, uses a mix of electric and gas equipment. The electric ones fall short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have 10 to 15 houses a day right now, but with electric [tools], I may do seven or five houses a day,” he said. That’s a loss of $1,000 a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, Bryan has told his kid he can’t afford books or a new laptop. The cost of a full conversion by purchasing all electric tools, he said, would require him to raise prices 30%. He fears his residential clients will purchase their own tools and do it themselves, pushing him out of a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the bill was signed, Berman and Assemblymember Lorena Gonzalez of San Diego called it a win for both the environment and human health. Electric tools have already been widely adopted by California homeowners, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/3.24.21%20Workshop%20Staff%20Presentation.pdf\">but only a fraction of commercial landscaping companies have made the switch, according to a 2018 survey by the air resources board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At that time, 8 in 10 landscapers said they planned on buying gas-powered equipment with many prioritizing performance, run time and cost. But operating a gas-powered leaf blower for one hour, for example, emits the same amount of pollution as driving a Toyota Camry from Los Angeles to Denver, according to the air board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawn equipment conversion will bring the rest of the state in line with cities such as Palo Alto, Los Altos and Menlo Park, which have already banned noisy leaf blowers. The law also directs the air resources board to come up with statewide regulations for other small motor equipment, such as golf carts, small generators and power washers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the landscaping industry, the main target of the ban, says the transition has already been costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Wood purchased four batteries for his electric leaf blower after a number of communities in the Bay Area banned gas-powered leaf blowers. Woods, who owns a small landscaping business, immediately noticed the batteries don’t go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never spent $200 on something that lasted 45 minutes,” Wood said, “and it doesn’t last for six to eight houses a day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the batteries drain, Wood’s two employees resort to raking, which takes three times as long to complete a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests back him up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Reports rated gas and electric tools, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/lawn-mowers-and-tractors/ego-electric-mower-vs-honda-gas-mower-face-off-a6853992124/\">lawn mowers\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/leaf-blowers/buying-guide/index.htm\">leaf blowers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/leaf-blowers/buying-guide/index.htm\">string trimmers\u003c/a>, side by side. The nonprofit consumer organization found that battery-powered tools, with low maintenance and ease of use, were strong candidates for homeowners with less than an acre of land who could wait to recharge their batteries. But when it came to larger plots, more robust weeds to whack, or long hours of use, gas tools excelled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an industry, we want this [battery-powered] equipment to be able to handle what we throw at it,” said Sandra Giarde, executive director of the California Landscape Contractors Association. “But it’s not there yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11897483\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11897483\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01.jpg\" alt=\"A man holds up a chainsaw in the outdoors and looks up at the canopy.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/111621-Gas-Lawn-Ban-CAD-CM-01-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jorge Mijango of Ken’s Rototilling and Landscaping uses a chain saw to cut trees for fire mitigation at a property along Via Floreado in Orinda on Nov. 16, 2021. The landscaping company owns around 50 gas-powered tools that could be affected by a state ban on new small gas motors. \u003ccite>(Aric Crabb/Bay Area News Group)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The air resources board said the technology is close enough. While electric tools may not have the same power, they offer other benefits, such as longer life span, better torque for some tools and savings on gas and maintenance, said air pollution specialist Christopher Dilbeck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize that, yes, there will be substantial costs associated with what we are proposing,” said Dilbeck. “That is part of why this funding is available.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The board, which will allocate the state’s $30 million subsidy, has yet to release how it will hand out incentives other than saying it will target small operators, including those without a business license. In one scenario, California could offer 12,000 small landscapers a 50% discount on all their new tools, or every sole proprietor could receive a 50% discount on one tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You are not going to be able to get the jobs done as fast,” said Ken Tamplen, owner of Ken’s Rototilling and Landscaping in Contra Costa County. “You’re not going to be able to make as much money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Has Rejected Dozens of Fracking Permits. But One County Is Now Suing the State Over the Denials",
"title": "California Has Rejected Dozens of Fracking Permits. But One County Is Now Suing the State Over the Denials",
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"content": "\u003cp>California regulators haven’t approved permits for the controversial oil and gas extraction process known as fracking since February, effectively phasing out the process ahead of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s 2024 deadline to end it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Geologic Energy Management Division, known as CalGEM, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/politics/article/Citing-climate-risks-California-is-denying-16643010.php\">has rejected an unprecedented 109 fracking permits in 2021, The San Francisco Chronicle reported\u003c/a>. That’s the most denials the division has issued in a single year since California \u003ca href=\"https://www.conservation.ca.gov/calgem/Pages/Well-Stim-National-Lab-Scientific-Review.aspx\">began permitting fracking in 2015\u003c/a>. Fifty of the permits, mostly from Bakersfield-based Aera Energy, were denied based solely on climate change concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11897239\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-110400756-1020x680.jpg\"]State oil and gas supervisor Uduak-Joe Ntuk wrote in a September letter to Aera that he could “not in good conscience” grant the permits “given the increasingly urgent climate effects of fossil-fuel production” and “the continuing impacts of climate change and hydraulic fracturing on public health and natural resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom called in 2020 for state lawmakers to ban the practice by 2024. But a proposal before lawmakers failed, leading Newsom to direct CalGEM to proceed with the timeline on its own. It’s only one piece of Newsom’s climate change agenda, which includes a complete end to oil and gas production in the state by 2045, long after he’s left office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County, where most fracking in the state occurs, and the Western States Petroleum Association have sued the state over the denials. WSPA’s lawsuit, filed in October, argues state law requires CalGEM to permit fracking if it meets technical requirements and that the denials amount to a de facto ban on the process that hasn’t been approved by the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hearing in the Kern case is scheduled for Monday and the state must respond to WSPA’s lawsuit by Dec. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1977748\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/11/003_SanFrancisco_YouthClimateStrike_10292021-1020x680.jpg\"]Fracking is the process of injecting a high-pressure mix of mostly water with some sand and chemical additives into rock to create or expand fractures that allow for the extraction of oil and gas. Permitted fracking operations account for just 2% of oil production in California. But the practice is controversial due to concerns about the chemicals used in the fracking fluid contaminating groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental justice organizations representing lower-income communities and communities of color — typically the most affected — have protested fracking for its potential water contamination and the methane released by the process. Methane is a highly potent greenhouse gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan Flores, a community organizer based in Kern County with the \u003ca href=\"https://crpe-ej.org/\">Center on Race, Poverty and the Environment\u003c/a>, said by denying the permits Newsom and his administration are living up to expectations set by voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a type of action that we expected,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WSPA said in its lawsuit that the state’s permitting process includes stringent requirements designed to protect public health and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These actions “don’t really deliver the positive benefits for a fight against climate change, but what they do is impose big impacts on Californians — to their finances, to their freedoms and, essentially, how they live and work every single day,” WSPA President Catherine Reheis-Boyd told the Chronicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='environment']CalGEM has approved just 12 fracking permits this year, down from 83 in 2020 and 220 in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his letter to Aera explaining why the state denied permit applications, Ntuk cited extreme heat, drought and wildfires as examples of the dangers caused by climate change. He argued that CalGEM must ensure the activities it regulates match the state’s environmental, public health and climate change goals. He said a 2014 law that gave the agency permitting power over fracking does not require the state to approve permits even if applications are complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Miller, an Aera spokesperson, did not respond to an email seeking comment.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>State oil and gas supervisor Uduak-Joe Ntuk wrote in a September letter to Aera that he could “not in good conscience” grant the permits “given the increasingly urgent climate effects of fossil-fuel production” and “the continuing impacts of climate change and hydraulic fracturing on public health and natural resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom called in 2020 for state lawmakers to ban the practice by 2024. But a proposal before lawmakers failed, leading Newsom to direct CalGEM to proceed with the timeline on its own. It’s only one piece of Newsom’s climate change agenda, which includes a complete end to oil and gas production in the state by 2045, long after he’s left office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County, where most fracking in the state occurs, and the Western States Petroleum Association have sued the state over the denials. WSPA’s lawsuit, filed in October, argues state law requires CalGEM to permit fracking if it meets technical requirements and that the denials amount to a de facto ban on the process that hasn’t been approved by the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hearing in the Kern case is scheduled for Monday and the state must respond to WSPA’s lawsuit by Dec. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Fracking is the process of injecting a high-pressure mix of mostly water with some sand and chemical additives into rock to create or expand fractures that allow for the extraction of oil and gas. Permitted fracking operations account for just 2% of oil production in California. But the practice is controversial due to concerns about the chemicals used in the fracking fluid contaminating groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental justice organizations representing lower-income communities and communities of color — typically the most affected — have protested fracking for its potential water contamination and the methane released by the process. Methane is a highly potent greenhouse gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan Flores, a community organizer based in Kern County with the \u003ca href=\"https://crpe-ej.org/\">Center on Race, Poverty and the Environment\u003c/a>, said by denying the permits Newsom and his administration are living up to expectations set by voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a type of action that we expected,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WSPA said in its lawsuit that the state’s permitting process includes stringent requirements designed to protect public health and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These actions “don’t really deliver the positive benefits for a fight against climate change, but what they do is impose big impacts on Californians — to their finances, to their freedoms and, essentially, how they live and work every single day,” WSPA President Catherine Reheis-Boyd told the Chronicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>CalGEM has approved just 12 fracking permits this year, down from 83 in 2020 and 220 in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his letter to Aera explaining why the state denied permit applications, Ntuk cited extreme heat, drought and wildfires as examples of the dangers caused by climate change. He argued that CalGEM must ensure the activities it regulates match the state’s environmental, public health and climate change goals. He said a 2014 law that gave the agency permitting power over fracking does not require the state to approve permits even if applications are complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kathy Miller, an Aera spokesperson, did not respond to an email seeking comment.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The massive 2,200-megawatt Diablo Canyon Power Plant, the last-standing nuclear power facility in California, is scheduled to fully shut down operations by 2025, ending the state’s reliance on nuclear energy. Some energy experts, though, warn that shuttering the plant — a goal long sought by anti-nuclear advocates — could ultimately lead to a spike in the state’s greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://energy.stanford.edu/publications/assessment-diablo-canyon-nuclear-plant-zero-carbon-electricity-desalination-and\">a recent report from researchers at Stanford Energy\u003c/a>, shuttering the San Luis Obispo County facility, which opened in 1985 in the face of fierce opposition, would likely make the state more dependent on natural gas for its electricity production. Natural gas is composed mostly of methane, a climate-warming gas more potent than carbon dioxide when released into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='climate-change']The report’s findings spurred the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/11/16/closing-californias-last-nuclear-power-plant-would-be-mistake/\">Washington Post’s editorial board to declare that shutting the plant down would be the “the definition of climate incoherence.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s authors recommend delaying the closure of Diablo Canyon by 10 years, to 2035. Doing so, they predict, would yield a 10% reduction over 2017 levels in carbon emissions generated by California’s power sector, while saving some $2.6 billion in power system costs and bolstering system reliability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report goes on to suggest several new uses for the plant should it remain open for another decade, including as the power source for a major desalination complex that could produce fresh water at 80 times the rate of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.carlsbaddesal.com/\">Carlsbad Desalination Plant\u003c/a>. It also suggests the possibility of connecting the nuclear facility to a hydrogen plant to produce clean hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some energy experts say the analysis simply underscores the need for California to double down on its clean-energy production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You shut down Diablo Canyon, something is going to replace it. We still have electricity demand. People still will use the same amount of electricity the day Diablo Canyon goes offline,” Mark Specht, an energy analyst at the Union of Concerned Scientists, told The California Report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using only natural gas to supplant Diablo Canyon’s power supply would be the emissions equivalent of adding 300,000 cars to California’s roads, according to research by Specht’s team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he says, that should send a clear message that “there is no time to waste” \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/commentary/my-turn/2021/05/will-california-keep-the-lights-on-when-diablo-canyon-shuts-down/\"> in creating new clean-energy infrastructure to replace the nuclear plant’s output\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are talking about three or four years and then the power plant goes offline, and building new clean resources takes years. Folks have to be working on this right now to make sure we replace the power plant with clean energy,” Specht said.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Bill Monning, former state senator\"]‘When people say it’s clean energy, that’s right at a certain level, but it doesn’t take into account the waste that is left behind the spent rods.’[/pullquote]The debate over the plant’s closure comes just weeks after world leaders gathered in Glasgow, Scotland, for the United Nations climate summit in an urgent effort to dramatically reduce global carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeping the plant open also doesn’t jibe with former state Sen. Bill Monning, who used to represent the district where Diablo Canyon is located, and who worked on legislation securing hundreds of millions of dollars in funding to help the area prepare for the economic impacts of its closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people say it’s clean energy, that’s right at a certain level, but it doesn’t take into account the waste that is left behind the spent fuel rods,” Monning told The California Report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so as people kind of weigh in now and say, ‘Well, why don’t we keep it open? There’s a gap between available renewable energy, this is so-called clean energy’ — it doesn’t take into account that history [of waste],” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monning says he’s confident the nuclear plant won’t continue running past 2025, in large part because no one with decision-making power, including its operator — Pacific Gas and Electric — wants it open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PG&E was a member of this agreement and has no interest in seeking to renew their licensing,” Monning said. “And there’s no evidence that anybody else does, either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from NPR’s Lauren Sommer.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The massive 2,200-megawatt Diablo Canyon Power Plant, the last-standing nuclear power facility in California, is scheduled to fully shut down operations by 2025, ending the state’s reliance on nuclear energy. Some energy experts, though, warn that shuttering the plant — a goal long sought by anti-nuclear advocates — could ultimately lead to a spike in the state’s greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://energy.stanford.edu/publications/assessment-diablo-canyon-nuclear-plant-zero-carbon-electricity-desalination-and\">a recent report from researchers at Stanford Energy\u003c/a>, shuttering the San Luis Obispo County facility, which opened in 1985 in the face of fierce opposition, would likely make the state more dependent on natural gas for its electricity production. Natural gas is composed mostly of methane, a climate-warming gas more potent than carbon dioxide when released into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The report’s findings spurred the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/11/16/closing-californias-last-nuclear-power-plant-would-be-mistake/\">Washington Post’s editorial board to declare that shutting the plant down would be the “the definition of climate incoherence.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report’s authors recommend delaying the closure of Diablo Canyon by 10 years, to 2035. Doing so, they predict, would yield a 10% reduction over 2017 levels in carbon emissions generated by California’s power sector, while saving some $2.6 billion in power system costs and bolstering system reliability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report goes on to suggest several new uses for the plant should it remain open for another decade, including as the power source for a major desalination complex that could produce fresh water at 80 times the rate of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.carlsbaddesal.com/\">Carlsbad Desalination Plant\u003c/a>. It also suggests the possibility of connecting the nuclear facility to a hydrogen plant to produce clean hydrogen fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some energy experts say the analysis simply underscores the need for California to double down on its clean-energy production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You shut down Diablo Canyon, something is going to replace it. We still have electricity demand. People still will use the same amount of electricity the day Diablo Canyon goes offline,” Mark Specht, an energy analyst at the Union of Concerned Scientists, told The California Report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using only natural gas to supplant Diablo Canyon’s power supply would be the emissions equivalent of adding 300,000 cars to California’s roads, according to research by Specht’s team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he says, that should send a clear message that “there is no time to waste” \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/commentary/my-turn/2021/05/will-california-keep-the-lights-on-when-diablo-canyon-shuts-down/\"> in creating new clean-energy infrastructure to replace the nuclear plant’s output\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are talking about three or four years and then the power plant goes offline, and building new clean resources takes years. Folks have to be working on this right now to make sure we replace the power plant with clean energy,” Specht said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The debate over the plant’s closure comes just weeks after world leaders gathered in Glasgow, Scotland, for the United Nations climate summit in an urgent effort to dramatically reduce global carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeping the plant open also doesn’t jibe with former state Sen. Bill Monning, who used to represent the district where Diablo Canyon is located, and who worked on legislation securing hundreds of millions of dollars in funding to help the area prepare for the economic impacts of its closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people say it’s clean energy, that’s right at a certain level, but it doesn’t take into account the waste that is left behind the spent fuel rods,” Monning told The California Report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so as people kind of weigh in now and say, ‘Well, why don’t we keep it open? There’s a gap between available renewable energy, this is so-called clean energy’ — it doesn’t take into account that history [of waste],” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monning says he’s confident the nuclear plant won’t continue running past 2025, in large part because no one with decision-making power, including its operator — Pacific Gas and Electric — wants it open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PG&E was a member of this agreement and has no interest in seeking to renew their licensing,” Monning said. “And there’s no evidence that anybody else does, either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from NPR’s Lauren Sommer.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11896854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02.png\" alt='Cartoon: a huge grizzly bear holding a man by his leg. Text reads, \"Bay Area grizzly bear attacks! From Antioch to the San Mateo Coast to the Russian River, grizzly attacks were once part of living here.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you may have gathered from \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_California#/media/File:Flag_of_California.svg\">our state flag\u003c/a>, grizzly bears used to roam the hills, meadows and beaches of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only did they roam, they occasionally killed and sometimes ate things slightly outside of their usual dietary regimen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are historical accounts of people being killed by grizzlies around the Bay Area, from \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/East_Contra_Costa_Historical_Ecology_Study_Final_%28lowres%29_0.pdf\">Antioch\u003c/a> to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.southeasternoutdoors.com/wildlife/mammals/fatal-brown-bear-attacks.html\">Russian River\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last documented case of a human killed by a grizzly around these parts was in 1875 — a good, little piece of trivia to remember the next time you drive Highway 1 between San Francisco and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way you’ll pass Waddell Beach, which is named after William Waddell, who built a wharf and a sawmill that, \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/goga/hrs-san-mateo.pdf\">according to the National Park Service, cranked out 2 million board-feet of lumber a year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides greatly reducing the number of old growth redwood trees in the Santa Cruz Mountains, Waddell was also the last person around here to be killed by a grizzly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890575/fat-bear-week-is-here-take-a-look-at-what-to-expect-and-how-you-can-celebrate\">the beautiful (if sometimes deadly) bears\u003c/a> were well on their way to getting wiped out by settlers by the time Waddell perished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And long before any documented cases of grizzly bear attacks on white settlers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880526/who-were-the-first-people-to-live-in-the-bay-area\">native people around the Bay were living among the grizzlies\u003c/a> for thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11896854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02.png\" alt='Cartoon: a huge grizzly bear holding a man by his leg. Text reads, \"Bay Area grizzly bear attacks! From Antioch to the San Mateo Coast to the Russian River, grizzly attacks were once part of living here.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/grizzlies02-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you may have gathered from \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_California#/media/File:Flag_of_California.svg\">our state flag\u003c/a>, grizzly bears used to roam the hills, meadows and beaches of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only did they roam, they occasionally killed and sometimes ate things slightly outside of their usual dietary regimen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are historical accounts of people being killed by grizzlies around the Bay Area, from \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfei.org/sites/default/files/biblio_files/East_Contra_Costa_Historical_Ecology_Study_Final_%28lowres%29_0.pdf\">Antioch\u003c/a> to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.southeasternoutdoors.com/wildlife/mammals/fatal-brown-bear-attacks.html\">Russian River\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last documented case of a human killed by a grizzly around these parts was in 1875 — a good, little piece of trivia to remember the next time you drive Highway 1 between San Francisco and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way you’ll pass Waddell Beach, which is named after William Waddell, who built a wharf and a sawmill that, \u003ca href=\"http://npshistory.com/publications/goga/hrs-san-mateo.pdf\">according to the National Park Service, cranked out 2 million board-feet of lumber a year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides greatly reducing the number of old growth redwood trees in the Santa Cruz Mountains, Waddell was also the last person around here to be killed by a grizzly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11890575/fat-bear-week-is-here-take-a-look-at-what-to-expect-and-how-you-can-celebrate\">the beautiful (if sometimes deadly) bears\u003c/a> were well on their way to getting wiped out by settlers by the time Waddell perished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And long before any documented cases of grizzly bear attacks on white settlers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880526/who-were-the-first-people-to-live-in-the-bay-area\">native people around the Bay were living among the grizzlies\u003c/a> for thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11892010\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: an overhead view of a huge freeway across the Bay. "What th'?! There were plans for a 36-lane freeway between Oakland & SF (in the 1940s).\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picture a 36-lane freeway built on bay fill just south of the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the plan dreamed up by \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/local/article/second-bay-bridge-plans-history-freeway-alameda-sf-14018498.php#photo-12881703\">John Reber, a playwright and director\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://legacy.seaonc.org/engineer/leon-nishkian/\">Leon H. Nishkian, a celebrated structural engineer\u003c/a>, who were involved in projects ranging from the Golden Gate Bridge to the Hetch Hetchy water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put the size of this paved monstrosity into perspective,\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_405_(California)#/media/File:405_freeway_from_the_air.jpg\"> Interstate 405 in Los Angeles is around 20-lanes wide\u003c/a> near LA International Airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wait, there’s more!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/news_events/bridge/up019.html\">The proposed bay freeway \u003c/a>would have also had 640-foot-wide strips on either side of it, each designated an “industrial area.” (You know, for all those industrial things you wanted to do in the shadow of the Bay Bridge.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The freeway and industrial areas would form a strip of land over five football fields wide across the bay, largely sealing off the southern section of the body of water in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least nobody can accuse Reber and Nishkian of thinking small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, the location of the planned causeway is still occupied by water, seals and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11892010\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: an overhead view of a huge freeway across the Bay. "What th'?! There were plans for a 36-lane freeway between Oakland & SF (in the 1940s).\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/freeway01-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picture a 36-lane freeway built on bay fill just south of the Bay Bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the plan dreamed up by \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/local/article/second-bay-bridge-plans-history-freeway-alameda-sf-14018498.php#photo-12881703\">John Reber, a playwright and director\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://legacy.seaonc.org/engineer/leon-nishkian/\">Leon H. Nishkian, a celebrated structural engineer\u003c/a>, who were involved in projects ranging from the Golden Gate Bridge to the Hetch Hetchy water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put the size of this paved monstrosity into perspective,\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_405_(California)#/media/File:405_freeway_from_the_air.jpg\"> Interstate 405 in Los Angeles is around 20-lanes wide\u003c/a> near LA International Airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wait, there’s more!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.lib.berkeley.edu/news_events/bridge/up019.html\">The proposed bay freeway \u003c/a>would have also had 640-foot-wide strips on either side of it, each designated an “industrial area.” (You know, for all those industrial things you wanted to do in the shadow of the Bay Bridge.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The freeway and industrial areas would form a strip of land over five football fields wide across the bay, largely sealing off the southern section of the body of water in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least nobody can accuse Reber and Nishkian of thinking small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, the location of the planned causeway is still occupied by water, seals and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "beautiful-hilltops-for-the-nuclear-apocalypse-a-look-at-the-bay-areas-cold-war-past",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11892031\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01.png\" alt='Cartoon: a huge nuclear missile on a hillside over the ocean as two surprised people sit in a hot tub together. Caption reads, \"yes, Marin was once armed with nukes... and so were Pacifica, Fremont & Angel Island!\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hillsides around San Francisco Bay held enough nuclear firepower during the Cold War to help carry out World War III.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, WWIII would already have been underway when these missiles were launched – they were part of a last line of defense against nuclear-armed Soviet bombers headed our way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753198/nuclear-missiles-in-marin-oh-yeah-in-fact-all-around-the-bay-at-one-time-2\">Craig Miller’s wonderful Bay Curious interview\u003c/a> with two of the “missile men” who helped operate a missile battery in the Marin Headlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If just one of the nuclear-tipped Nike Ajax or Hercules missiles had been launched to intercept an approaching bomber, as it detonated overhead it would have vaporized everything within a radius of about 30 miles.\u003cbr>\n(The young Air Force guys who ran the various missile batteries around the Bay knew they would have approximately 30 minutes to live after launching a missile, and we can only assume the same would have been true for millions of civilians nearby.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the hilltops around us are where the idea of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kuow.org/stories/how-daniel-ellsberg-learned-start-worrying-and-hate-bomb\">mutual assured destruction\u003c/a>” was to be put into practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/06/politics/us-nuclear-weapons-stockpile/index.html\">We’re not out\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/north-korea-hypersonic-missile-nuclear/2021/10/11/10664d70-2af9-11ec-b17d-985c186de338_story.html\">the woods\u003c/a> yet . . . but at least our ridges are now being used for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/marin-headlands.htm\">hiking and views\u003c/a> instead of for nuclear weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11892031\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01.png\" alt='Cartoon: a huge nuclear missile on a hillside over the ocean as two surprised people sit in a hot tub together. Caption reads, \"yes, Marin was once armed with nukes... and so were Pacifica, Fremont & Angel Island!\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/marinnukes01-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hillsides around San Francisco Bay held enough nuclear firepower during the Cold War to help carry out World War III.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, WWIII would already have been underway when these missiles were launched – they were part of a last line of defense against nuclear-armed Soviet bombers headed our way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753198/nuclear-missiles-in-marin-oh-yeah-in-fact-all-around-the-bay-at-one-time-2\">Craig Miller’s wonderful Bay Curious interview\u003c/a> with two of the “missile men” who helped operate a missile battery in the Marin Headlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If just one of the nuclear-tipped Nike Ajax or Hercules missiles had been launched to intercept an approaching bomber, as it detonated overhead it would have vaporized everything within a radius of about 30 miles.\u003cbr>\n(The young Air Force guys who ran the various missile batteries around the Bay knew they would have approximately 30 minutes to live after launching a missile, and we can only assume the same would have been true for millions of civilians nearby.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the hilltops around us are where the idea of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kuow.org/stories/how-daniel-ellsberg-learned-start-worrying-and-hate-bomb\">mutual assured destruction\u003c/a>” was to be put into practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/06/politics/us-nuclear-weapons-stockpile/index.html\">We’re not out\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/north-korea-hypersonic-missile-nuclear/2021/10/11/10664d70-2af9-11ec-b17d-985c186de338_story.html\">the woods\u003c/a> yet . . . but at least our ridges are now being used for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/marin-headlands.htm\">hiking and views\u003c/a> instead of for nuclear weapons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Humming Fish of San Francisco Bay Hum & Glow for Mates",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11891575\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01.png\" alt='Cartoon: a wide-eyed glowing fish in the dark green waters of the Bay. Caption reads, \"did you know the bay is home to fish that hum so loudly you can hear them on land?! Oh, and some can also glow!\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01-800x800.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, you read that right and, no, I'm not talking about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/12/1026385429/the-lorax-dr-seuss#res1026799373\">the Humming-Fish of Dr. Seuss' \u003cem>Lorax\u003c/em> fame\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are real, live fish that hum in shallow waters of the Bay — and places like Bolinas Lagoon, where I heard them a few years ago while on an overnight surfing outing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ugly (to some) little males of \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/the-midshipmans-song/\">\u003cem>porichthys notatus \u003c/em>species, also known as the Plainfin Midshipman\u003c/a>, have developed the neat trick of humming and glowing to attract mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have described the sound of their humming as \u003ca href=\"http://www.sausalitohistoricalsociety.com/2019-columns/2019/3/27/the-humming-toadfish-festival\">ranging from that of an electric razor to a loud airplane engine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The ones I heard sounded more like the incessant drone of an attic fan.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a short while there was even \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13900997/3-exceptionally-weird-bay-area-festivals-we-should-bring-back\">the Sausalito Humming Toadfish Festival\u003c/a>, complete with marching (kazoo) bands and Plainfin Midshipman on display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, without further ado, I give you a humming fish humming . . .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNB-hoKwa0A\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11891575\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01.png\" alt='Cartoon: a wide-eyed glowing fish in the dark green waters of the Bay. Caption reads, \"did you know the bay is home to fish that hum so loudly you can hear them on land?! Oh, and some can also glow!\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01-800x800.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01-1020x1020.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/hummingfish01-1536x1536.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, you read that right and, no, I'm not talking about \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/12/1026385429/the-lorax-dr-seuss#res1026799373\">the Humming-Fish of Dr. Seuss' \u003cem>Lorax\u003c/em> fame\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are real, live fish that hum in shallow waters of the Bay — and places like Bolinas Lagoon, where I heard them a few years ago while on an overnight surfing outing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ugly (to some) little males of \u003ca href=\"https://baynature.org/article/the-midshipmans-song/\">\u003cem>porichthys notatus \u003c/em>species, also known as the Plainfin Midshipman\u003c/a>, have developed the neat trick of humming and glowing to attract mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People have described the sound of their humming as \u003ca href=\"http://www.sausalitohistoricalsociety.com/2019-columns/2019/3/27/the-humming-toadfish-festival\">ranging from that of an electric razor to a loud airplane engine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The ones I heard sounded more like the incessant drone of an attic fan.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a short while there was even \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13900997/3-exceptionally-weird-bay-area-festivals-we-should-bring-back\">the Sausalito Humming Toadfish Festival\u003c/a>, complete with marching (kazoo) bands and Plainfin Midshipman on display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, without further ado, I give you a humming fish humming . . .\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/nNB-hoKwa0A'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/nNB-hoKwa0A'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Monarch Butterfly Population Begins to Rebound After a Devastating Decline Last Year",
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"content": "\u003cp>There is a ray of hope for the vanishing orange-and-black Western monarch butterflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number wintering along California’s central coast is bouncing back after the population, whose presence is often a good indicator of ecosystem health, reached an all-time low last year. Experts pin their decline on climate change, habitat destruction and lack of food due to drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An annual winter count last year by the Xerces Society recorded fewer than 2,000 butterflies, a massive decline from the tens of thousands tallied in recent years and the millions that clustered in trees from Northern California’s Mendocino County to Baja California, Mexico, in the south in the 1980s. Now, their roosting sites are concentrated mostly on California’s central coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s official count started Saturday and will last three weeks, but already an unofficial count by researchers and volunteers shows there are over 50,000 monarchs at overwintering sites, said Sarina Jepsen, director of the endangered species and aquatic program at the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. \u003ca href=\"https://dcs.megaphone.fm/KQINC5962381191.mp3?key=ac38a66d482e9a900fa31843fc9f047c\">KQED Forum's Alexis Madrigal spoke with experts\u003c/a> about the surprising uptick in the Western monarch butterfly population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is certainly not a recovery, but we’re really optimistic and just really glad that there are monarchs here and that gives us a bit of time to work toward recovery of the Western monarch migration,” Jepsen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western monarch butterflies head south from the Pacific Northwest to California each winter, returning to the same places and even the same trees, where they cluster. The monarchs generally arrive in California at the beginning of November and spread across the country once warmer weather arrives in March.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Sarina Jepsen, director of the endangered species and aquatic program at the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation\"]'This is certainly not a recovery, but we’re really optimistic and just really glad that there are monarchs here and that gives us a bit of time to work toward recovery of the Western monarch migration.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western monarch butterfly population has declined by more than 99% since the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains, another monarch population travels from southern Canada and the northeastern United States across thousands of miles to spend the winter in western Mexico. Scientists estimate the monarch population in the eastern U.S. has fallen about 80% since the mid-1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the population of monarchs that fly to Mexico from the eastern side of the country has rebounded is not yet known. Results of an annual county by experts with the World Wildlife Fund in Mexico won’t be released until next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarchs from across the West migrate annually to about 100 wintering sites dotting central California’s Pacific coast. One of the best-known wintering places is the Monarch Grove Sanctuary, a city-owned site in the coastal city of Pacific Grove, where last year no monarch butterflies showed up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city 70 miles south of San Francisco has worked for years to help the declining population of monarch. Known as “Butterfly Town, USA,” the city celebrates the orange-and-black butterfly that has windowpane patterns in its wings with a parade every October. Messing with a monarch is a crime that carries a $1,000 fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t recall having such a bad year before, and I thought they were done. They were gone. They’re not going to ever come back, and sure enough, this year, boom, they landed,” said Moe Ammar, president of the Pacific Grove Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11896673\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307.jpg\" alt=\"An orange and black colored butterfly lands on an orange flower.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A monarch butterfly lands on a flower at the Rinconada Community Garden on Nov. 3, 2021, in Palo Alto, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year a preliminary count showed that more than 13,000 monarchs have arrived at the site in Monterey County, clustering together on pine, cypress and eucalyptus trees and sparking hope among the grove’s volunteers and visitors that the struggling insects can bounce back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know why the population increased this year, but Jepsen said it is likely a combination of factors, including better conditions on their breeding grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climatic factors could have influenced the population. We could have gotten an influx of monarchs from the eastern U.S., which occasionally can happen, but it’s not known for sure why the population is what it is this year,” Jepsen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the monarch population had sharply dropped because of the destruction of their milkweed habitat along their migratory route as housing expands into their territory and use of pesticides and herbicides increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with farming, climate change is one of the main drivers of the monarch’s threatened extinction, disrupting an annual 3,000-mile migration synced to springtime and the blossoming of wildflowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has been in a drought for several years now, and they need nectar sources in order to be able to fill their bellies and be active and survive,” said Stephanie Turcotte Edenholm, a Pacific Grove Natural History Museum docent who offers guided tours of the sanctuary. “If we don’t have nectar sources and we don’t have the water that’s providing that, then that is an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch butterflies lack state and federal legal protection to keep their habitat from being destroyed or degraded. Last year, they were denied federal protection but the insects are now among the candidates for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Olga R. Rodriguez reported from San Francisco.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There is a ray of hope for the vanishing orange-and-black Western monarch butterflies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number wintering along California’s central coast is bouncing back after the population, whose presence is often a good indicator of ecosystem health, reached an all-time low last year. Experts pin their decline on climate change, habitat destruction and lack of food due to drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An annual winter count last year by the Xerces Society recorded fewer than 2,000 butterflies, a massive decline from the tens of thousands tallied in recent years and the millions that clustered in trees from Northern California’s Mendocino County to Baja California, Mexico, in the south in the 1980s. Now, their roosting sites are concentrated mostly on California’s central coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s official count started Saturday and will last three weeks, but already an unofficial count by researchers and volunteers shows there are over 50,000 monarchs at overwintering sites, said Sarina Jepsen, director of the endangered species and aquatic program at the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. \u003ca href=\"https://dcs.megaphone.fm/KQINC5962381191.mp3?key=ac38a66d482e9a900fa31843fc9f047c\">KQED Forum's Alexis Madrigal spoke with experts\u003c/a> about the surprising uptick in the Western monarch butterfly population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is certainly not a recovery, but we’re really optimistic and just really glad that there are monarchs here and that gives us a bit of time to work toward recovery of the Western monarch migration,” Jepsen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western monarch butterflies head south from the Pacific Northwest to California each winter, returning to the same places and even the same trees, where they cluster. The monarchs generally arrive in California at the beginning of November and spread across the country once warmer weather arrives in March.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western monarch butterfly population has declined by more than 99% since the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains, another monarch population travels from southern Canada and the northeastern United States across thousands of miles to spend the winter in western Mexico. Scientists estimate the monarch population in the eastern U.S. has fallen about 80% since the mid-1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the population of monarchs that fly to Mexico from the eastern side of the country has rebounded is not yet known. Results of an annual county by experts with the World Wildlife Fund in Mexico won’t be released until next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarchs from across the West migrate annually to about 100 wintering sites dotting central California’s Pacific coast. One of the best-known wintering places is the Monarch Grove Sanctuary, a city-owned site in the coastal city of Pacific Grove, where last year no monarch butterflies showed up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city 70 miles south of San Francisco has worked for years to help the declining population of monarch. Known as “Butterfly Town, USA,” the city celebrates the orange-and-black butterfly that has windowpane patterns in its wings with a parade every October. Messing with a monarch is a crime that carries a $1,000 fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t recall having such a bad year before, and I thought they were done. They were gone. They’re not going to ever come back, and sure enough, this year, boom, they landed,” said Moe Ammar, president of the Pacific Grove Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896673\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11896673\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307.jpg\" alt=\"An orange and black colored butterfly lands on an orange flower.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1351143307-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A monarch butterfly lands on a flower at the Rinconada Community Garden on Nov. 3, 2021, in Palo Alto, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This year a preliminary count showed that more than 13,000 monarchs have arrived at the site in Monterey County, clustering together on pine, cypress and eucalyptus trees and sparking hope among the grove’s volunteers and visitors that the struggling insects can bounce back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know why the population increased this year, but Jepsen said it is likely a combination of factors, including better conditions on their breeding grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climatic factors could have influenced the population. We could have gotten an influx of monarchs from the eastern U.S., which occasionally can happen, but it’s not known for sure why the population is what it is this year,” Jepsen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the monarch population had sharply dropped because of the destruction of their milkweed habitat along their migratory route as housing expands into their territory and use of pesticides and herbicides increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with farming, climate change is one of the main drivers of the monarch’s threatened extinction, disrupting an annual 3,000-mile migration synced to springtime and the blossoming of wildflowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has been in a drought for several years now, and they need nectar sources in order to be able to fill their bellies and be active and survive,” said Stephanie Turcotte Edenholm, a Pacific Grove Natural History Museum docent who offers guided tours of the sanctuary. “If we don’t have nectar sources and we don’t have the water that’s providing that, then that is an issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch butterflies lack state and federal legal protection to keep their habitat from being destroyed or degraded. Last year, they were denied federal protection but the insects are now among the candidates for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Olga R. Rodriguez reported from San Francisco.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11896455\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: a dirty coal train port terminal with a young boy and girl walking by. The boy says, "the good news is they're banning coal storage by 2027, the bad news is it's 2021."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1364\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final-800x568.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final-1020x725.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final-160x114.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final-1536x1091.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>Richmond officials reached a settlement with port operator Levin-Richmond Terminal Corp., along with two fossil fuel companies and the state of Utah, to \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fiorerichmondcoalban\">ban coal storage at the port\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coal currently going through the shipping terminal is mined in Utah, transported by train across the West, stored for a while at the port and then loaded on a ship and sent to Japan or other destinations in Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is definitely not the most efficient or climate-friendly operation, and the declining market for coal in the United States has led desperate fossil fuel companies to look abroad for their profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, the health of people in Richmond suffers alongside the health of the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This settlement is great news. I only wish we didn’t have to wait until 2027 to stop coal trafficking through Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11896455\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final.png\" alt=\"Cartoon: a dirty coal train port terminal with a young boy and girl walking by. The boy says, "the good news is they're banning coal storage by 2027, the bad news is it's 2021."\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1364\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final-800x568.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final-1020x725.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final-160x114.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/coalstorage_111621_final-1536x1091.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>Richmond officials reached a settlement with port operator Levin-Richmond Terminal Corp., along with two fossil fuel companies and the state of Utah, to \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/fiorerichmondcoalban\">ban coal storage at the port\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coal currently going through the shipping terminal is mined in Utah, transported by train across the West, stored for a while at the port and then loaded on a ship and sent to Japan or other destinations in Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is definitely not the most efficient or climate-friendly operation, and the declining market for coal in the United States has led desperate fossil fuel companies to look abroad for their profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, the health of people in Richmond suffers alongside the health of the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This settlement is great news. I only wish we didn’t have to wait until 2027 to stop coal trafficking through Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "southern-california-amtrak-line-offers-up-close-view-of-climate-changes-impact-on-beaches",
"title": "Southern California Amtrak Line Offers Up-Close View of Climate Change's Impact on Beaches",
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"content": "\u003cp>The United States and China — the world’s top two greenhouse gas-emitting countries, which together account for about 40% of the world’s annual carbon output — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/11/1054648598/u-s-and-china-announce-surprise-climate-agreement-at-cop26-summit\">announced Wednesday they have agreed to cooperate on limiting emissions\u003c/a> to address the global climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement, announced at the United Nations climate change conference in Glasgow, Scotland, known as COP26, aims to accelerate emissions reductions toward the goals set in the 2015 Paris agreement, which include keeping the global temperature rise “well below” 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), with a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the encouraging news, experts predict that \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/climate-commitments-not-on-track-to-meet-paris-agreement-goals-as-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published\">most countries are currently not on track to meet the commitments they agreed to in Paris\u003c/a>. In the U.S., the West Coast is already experiencing more frequent and severe weather, and rising seas are already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805/climate-solutions-in-east-palo-alto\">putting some Bay Area communities at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California in September, Amtrak \u003ca href=\"https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2021/09/16/beach-erosion-suspends-all-metrolink-amtrak-service-between-oc-san-diego/\">suspended service on their Pacific Surfliner route\u003c/a> for a few weeks between Orange and San Diego counties for emergency repairs due to beach erosion. The scenic coastline route connects San Diego and other cities on its way to San Luis Obispo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PacSurfliners/status/1438320674506821632\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beach erosion, the process in which \u003ca href=\"https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/coastal-flood-risk/coastal-erosion\">the sand and rocks that make up a coastline are carried away by rising seas and stronger waves\u003c/a>, presents an ongoing threat to the tracks of the Pacific Surfliner and the oceanfront homes, roads, piers and power plants in the vicinity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Behl, professor of geological sciences at Cal State Long Beach, points out that even in normal times, California’s coast can be a hazardous place to build things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coastline is a super-dynamic place naturally,” he said. “It’s where everything comes together: the ocean, the atmosphere, the land, the rivers. It’s constantly changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895980\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 771px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895980 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial shot of a long, silver-and-blue train on tracks, with only a few yards of beach between it and ocean waves, with low, green hills on the immediate opposite side.\" width=\"771\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1.jpg 771w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amtrak’s Pacific Surfliner train travels along the Southern California coast. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Amtrak)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He adds that climate change is supercharging these changes, making storms stronger, tides higher and the coastal erosion of beaches and cliffs worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riding the Pacific Surfliner provides a unique vantage point to this transformation. As the train crosses San Diego County into Orange County, the tracks come really close to the Pacific Ocean, making it clear how vulnerable the train and nearby homes are to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896117\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11896117 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1352379110-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"View inside the interior of a train car taken from the back, with rows of four seats and an aisle up the middle. The bright sun makes the interior mostly dark. A man with short hair, glasses, and a mask takes a photo with his phone out through the window, where a receding wave seems to come up almost to the train itself.\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A passenger takes a photo as an Amtrak train passes near the Pacific Ocean on Nov. 9, 2021, near Oceanside, California. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In nearby towns like San Clemente and Oceanside, seawalls have been built in front of many homes, and giant boulders have been placed between the ocean and the train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Behl warns that “coastal armoring” actually makes erosion worse in the long term by starving beaches of new sources of sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It increases the energy on the beach, causes more erosion, drops the sand and makes less beach,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cycle can possibly reach a point where “there really is no beach left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1973805\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/RS48686_EPA_image_selects_fullsize-3-qut.jpg\"]Looking ahead, Behl says Californians will likely face the expensive challenge of moving some homes and critical infrastructure, including parts of this train route, away from the coast. That’s called “planned retreat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behl also says we have to stop thinking about sea level rise as something that’s happening so slowly we just don’t have to worry about it yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beach erosion, cliff retreat is not a gradual process, it’s episodic,” he said. “So when someone says that’s long in the future, far in the future, it may be, or it may not be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí and NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The United States and China — the world’s top two greenhouse gas-emitting countries, which together account for about 40% of the world’s annual carbon output — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/11/1054648598/u-s-and-china-announce-surprise-climate-agreement-at-cop26-summit\">announced Wednesday they have agreed to cooperate on limiting emissions\u003c/a> to address the global climate crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement, announced at the United Nations climate change conference in Glasgow, Scotland, known as COP26, aims to accelerate emissions reductions toward the goals set in the 2015 Paris agreement, which include keeping the global temperature rise “well below” 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), with a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the encouraging news, experts predict that \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/climate-commitments-not-on-track-to-meet-paris-agreement-goals-as-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published\">most countries are currently not on track to meet the commitments they agreed to in Paris\u003c/a>. In the U.S., the West Coast is already experiencing more frequent and severe weather, and rising seas are already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1973805/climate-solutions-in-east-palo-alto\">putting some Bay Area communities at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Southern California in September, Amtrak \u003ca href=\"https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2021/09/16/beach-erosion-suspends-all-metrolink-amtrak-service-between-oc-san-diego/\">suspended service on their Pacific Surfliner route\u003c/a> for a few weeks between Orange and San Diego counties for emergency repairs due to beach erosion. The scenic coastline route connects San Diego and other cities on its way to San Luis Obispo.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Beach erosion, the process in which \u003ca href=\"https://toolkit.climate.gov/topics/coastal-flood-risk/coastal-erosion\">the sand and rocks that make up a coastline are carried away by rising seas and stronger waves\u003c/a>, presents an ongoing threat to the tracks of the Pacific Surfliner and the oceanfront homes, roads, piers and power plants in the vicinity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Behl, professor of geological sciences at Cal State Long Beach, points out that even in normal times, California’s coast can be a hazardous place to build things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coastline is a super-dynamic place naturally,” he said. “It’s where everything comes together: the ocean, the atmosphere, the land, the rivers. It’s constantly changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11895980\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 771px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11895980 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial shot of a long, silver-and-blue train on tracks, with only a few yards of beach between it and ocean waves, with low, green hills on the immediate opposite side.\" width=\"771\" height=\"514\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1.jpg 771w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/Amtrak-Pacific-Sunsurfer-916x515-1-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amtrak’s Pacific Surfliner train travels along the Southern California coast. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Amtrak)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He adds that climate change is supercharging these changes, making storms stronger, tides higher and the coastal erosion of beaches and cliffs worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riding the Pacific Surfliner provides a unique vantage point to this transformation. As the train crosses San Diego County into Orange County, the tracks come really close to the Pacific Ocean, making it clear how vulnerable the train and nearby homes are to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11896117\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11896117 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/11/GettyImages-1352379110-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"View inside the interior of a train car taken from the back, with rows of four seats and an aisle up the middle. The bright sun makes the interior mostly dark. A man with short hair, glasses, and a mask takes a photo with his phone out through the window, where a receding wave seems to come up almost to the train itself.\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A passenger takes a photo as an Amtrak train passes near the Pacific Ocean on Nov. 9, 2021, near Oceanside, California. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In nearby towns like San Clemente and Oceanside, seawalls have been built in front of many homes, and giant boulders have been placed between the ocean and the train tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Behl warns that “coastal armoring” actually makes erosion worse in the long term by starving beaches of new sources of sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It increases the energy on the beach, causes more erosion, drops the sand and makes less beach,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cycle can possibly reach a point where “there really is no beach left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Looking ahead, Behl says Californians will likely face the expensive challenge of moving some homes and critical infrastructure, including parts of this train route, away from the coast. That’s called “planned retreat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behl also says we have to stop thinking about sea level rise as something that’s happening so slowly we just don’t have to worry about it yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Beach erosion, cliff retreat is not a gradual process, it’s episodic,” he said. “So when someone says that’s long in the future, far in the future, it may be, or it may not be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from KQED’s Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí and NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
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},
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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