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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Sprinkler.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Sprinkler.jpg\" alt=\"Proposed rules from state water regulators would limit outdoor watering by homeowners. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Proposed rules from state water regulators would limit outdoor watering by homeowners. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California water officials, confronting the possibility that the state’s drought will continue into a fourth year, are proposing a strict set of new regulations that would bar residential water users from hosing down sidewalks and overwatering their lawns. Violation of the new rules could carry penalties of $500 per violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations were unveiled Wednesday in Sacramento by Felicia Marcus, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>. She said the severity of the current drought, now in its third year, makes it imperative to crack down on wasteful water use.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"doc_18562\" class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/233265512/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=false\" width=\"60%\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" align=\"alignright\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are going to see hundreds of thousands of acres of field fallowed this year,” Marcus said during a conference call with reporters. “Thousands of people out of work. We have communities struggling for water, and bathing out of buckets. We have creeks and rivers running dry. And fish and wildlife is also going to be suffering. We also don’t know when it’s going to rain again.. but it’s prudent to act as if it won’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board could adopt the new rules as early as next week. Under \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/proposed_emergency_regulations_urban_water_conservation_drought.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the proposed regulations\u003c/a>, each of the following actions would be prohibited:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(1) The application of water to outdoor landscapes in a manner that causes runoff\u003cbr>\nsuch that water flows onto adjacent property, non-irrigated areas, private and public\u003cbr>\nwalkways, roadways, parking lots, or structures;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(2) The use of a hose to wash an automobile, except where the hose is fitted with\u003cbr>\na shut-off nozzle or device attached to it that causes it to cease dispensing water\u003cbr>\nimmediately when not in use;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(3) The application of water to any hard surface, including but not limited to\u003cbr>\ndriveways, sidewalks, and asphalt; and\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(4) The use of potable water in a fountain or other decorative water feature,\u003cbr>\nexcept where the water is part of a recirculating system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(b) The taking of any action prohibited in subdivision (a) of this section is an\u003cbr>\ninfraction, punishable by a fine of up to five hundred dollars ($500) for each day in which\u003cbr>\nthe violation occurs\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The water board’s proposal gives local water agencies — for instance, the Santa Clara Valley Water District, the East Bay Municipal Utility District and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission — leeway to impose and enforce their own water-conservation rules. Urbandistricts would get 30 days to impose outdoor irrigation restrictions, either limiting outside watering to two days a week or taking “comparable measures.” The districts would also be required to file monthly reports on per capita water use among customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to take the lightest touch we can to get the point across,” Marcus said. She added that the water board wants to give “direction to the public about what we as members of the community really ought to be doing to help our fellows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Ritchie, assistant general manager of the SFPUC’s water operation, told KQED’s Mina Kim that the state’s proposed restrictions “are good things to do” given the severity of the drought and that they’re similar to measures the agency has already considered. He said his agency will weigh how to enforce the new rules and could adopt a system in which customers get warnings for first violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would be consistent with a lot of other things, even regular police and speeding,” Ritchie said. “Lots of times warnings are given instead of actual penalties. I think we’ll want to be sure the punishment fits the crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus said the state is acting now because the voluntary cuts that Gov. Jerry Brown and local water districts have called for have fallen far short of their goals. Brown called for a 20 percent reduction target earlier this year. But a water board report last month said that actual water savings over the previous three years have ranged from 10 percent in the Sacramento region to 2 percent in the Bay Area to 0 percent on the Central Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco water system has set a 10 percent voluntary conservation target for the 2.5 million people it serves, which include residents of the city, most of the Peninsula and parts of southern Alameda County. The SFPUC’s Ritchie says customers are starting to conserve more. He said systemwide water use last week was 234 million gallons, down from 272 million gallons a year ago — a 16 percent reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people are starting to get the message,” Ritchie said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim spoke to Paul Rogers, managing editor of KQED Science, about the emergency regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/158036788&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Below:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>The Associated Press’s Thursday night report on the state water board’s proposal: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Don Thompson\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wasting water outdoors amid the state’s drought will begin hitting Californians in the wallet under get-tough restrictions being proposed by state regulators, with fines of up to $500 a day for overwatering front lawns or washing a car without a shut-off nozzle on the hose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a> next week is scheduled to consider draft emergency regulations made public Tuesday. The rules are intended to put teeth into conservation efforts that so far have produced disappointing results.\u003cbr>\nMost of the regulations are aimed at reducing outdoor water use in cities and towns, which the board said accounts in some areas for more than half of residents’ daily water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations would prohibit overwatering of lawns and landscaping that causes runoff onto sidewalks or streets, washing sidewalks, driveways and other hard surfaces, using a hose to wash a vehicle unless the hose has a shut-off nozzle and using drinking water in a fountain or decorative water feature unless the water is recirculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re not doing standards here that say you have to kill your lawn. … It just means, think about it.’\u003ccite>— Felicia Marcus,\u003cbr>\nWater Resources Control Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Violations would be infractions punishable by fines of up to $500 a day, and tickets could be written by any public employee empowered to enforce laws. While $500 is the daily maximum, most cities are likely to have a sliding scale that starts with a warning and builds for repeat violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in a drought of historic proportions,” board Chairwoman Felicia Marcus said. “Many urban water users don’t realize how bad this drought is. They’re not seeing the communities that are actually running out of water. … They don’t see the streams and creeks running dry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the board adopts the regulations after hearing comments during a July 15 public meeting in Sacramento, the rules would take effect immediately and remain in effect for nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They do not target indoor water use, such as doing the laundry or dishes, although some individual cities and water districts have asked or required their users to reduce overall water consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus said the restrictions to be considered next week represent what the water board considers the minimal level of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not doing standards here that say you have to kill your lawn,” Marcus said. “It doesn’t mean you can’t take a shower. … It just means, think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the board might consider additional steps as the drought continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the proposed rules, urban water agencies would have to implement their water-shortage contingency plans to require mandatory restrictions on outdoor water use, if they have not done so already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water agencies without such a plan would have to act within 30 days to require their residents to restrict outdoor irrigation to no more than two days each week or take other mandatory steps to conserve the same amount of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water agencies that do not comply could face fines up to $10,000 each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The generally obscure State Water Resources Control Board is assuming a more high-profile role during California’s drought, which has left some communities scrambling for drinking water and led to thousands of farm acres being fallowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board usually regulates such things as wastewater and irrigation discharges to rivers and the ocean, as well as any activity that changes a waterway or harms water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the board’s five members, who are appointed by the governor, are acting under Gov. Jerry Brown’s emergency drought proclamation in January and a related executive order in April, as well as drought legislation he signed in March. Last week, for example, the board adopted a different set of emergency regulations that will accelerate enforcement of orders prohibiting some junior water rights holders from diverting water from rivers and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The additional restrictions the board will consider next week were proposed after a recent survey of water suppliers serving 25 million Californians showed that current voluntary and mandatory conservation efforts had resulted in just a 5 percent decline in use through May. Brown is seeking a 20 percent reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey found 30 percent of water suppliers had imposed mandatory restrictions that include limits on outdoor irrigation, washing vehicles and filling ornamental fountains and swimming pools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water use already was down the last three years because of dry conditions and poor economic conditions, and the survey found a significant reduction this May compared with the previous three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all those who responded said they had increased their conservation outreach, while 40 percent had increased their enforcement and monitoring. Two-thirds of the suppliers are requesting 20 percent water conservation, and 7 percent changed their water rates in response to the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Sprinkler.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/01/Sprinkler.jpg\" alt=\"Proposed rules from state water regulators would limit outdoor watering by homeowners. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Proposed rules from state water regulators would limit outdoor watering by homeowners. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California water officials, confronting the possibility that the state’s drought will continue into a fourth year, are proposing a strict set of new regulations that would bar residential water users from hosing down sidewalks and overwatering their lawns. Violation of the new rules could carry penalties of $500 per violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations were unveiled Wednesday in Sacramento by Felicia Marcus, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>. She said the severity of the current drought, now in its third year, makes it imperative to crack down on wasteful water use.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"doc_18562\" class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/233265512/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=false\" width=\"60%\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" align=\"alignright\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are going to see hundreds of thousands of acres of field fallowed this year,” Marcus said during a conference call with reporters. “Thousands of people out of work. We have communities struggling for water, and bathing out of buckets. We have creeks and rivers running dry. And fish and wildlife is also going to be suffering. We also don’t know when it’s going to rain again.. but it’s prudent to act as if it won’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board could adopt the new rules as early as next week. Under \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/docs/emergency_regulations/proposed_emergency_regulations_urban_water_conservation_drought.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the proposed regulations\u003c/a>, each of the following actions would be prohibited:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(1) The application of water to outdoor landscapes in a manner that causes runoff\u003cbr>\nsuch that water flows onto adjacent property, non-irrigated areas, private and public\u003cbr>\nwalkways, roadways, parking lots, or structures;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(2) The use of a hose to wash an automobile, except where the hose is fitted with\u003cbr>\na shut-off nozzle or device attached to it that causes it to cease dispensing water\u003cbr>\nimmediately when not in use;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(3) The application of water to any hard surface, including but not limited to\u003cbr>\ndriveways, sidewalks, and asphalt; and\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(4) The use of potable water in a fountain or other decorative water feature,\u003cbr>\nexcept where the water is part of a recirculating system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(b) The taking of any action prohibited in subdivision (a) of this section is an\u003cbr>\ninfraction, punishable by a fine of up to five hundred dollars ($500) for each day in which\u003cbr>\nthe violation occurs\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The water board’s proposal gives local water agencies — for instance, the Santa Clara Valley Water District, the East Bay Municipal Utility District and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission — leeway to impose and enforce their own water-conservation rules. Urbandistricts would get 30 days to impose outdoor irrigation restrictions, either limiting outside watering to two days a week or taking “comparable measures.” The districts would also be required to file monthly reports on per capita water use among customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to take the lightest touch we can to get the point across,” Marcus said. She added that the water board wants to give “direction to the public about what we as members of the community really ought to be doing to help our fellows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Ritchie, assistant general manager of the SFPUC’s water operation, told KQED’s Mina Kim that the state’s proposed restrictions “are good things to do” given the severity of the drought and that they’re similar to measures the agency has already considered. He said his agency will weigh how to enforce the new rules and could adopt a system in which customers get warnings for first violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would be consistent with a lot of other things, even regular police and speeding,” Ritchie said. “Lots of times warnings are given instead of actual penalties. I think we’ll want to be sure the punishment fits the crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus said the state is acting now because the voluntary cuts that Gov. Jerry Brown and local water districts have called for have fallen far short of their goals. Brown called for a 20 percent reduction target earlier this year. But a water board report last month said that actual water savings over the previous three years have ranged from 10 percent in the Sacramento region to 2 percent in the Bay Area to 0 percent on the Central Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco water system has set a 10 percent voluntary conservation target for the 2.5 million people it serves, which include residents of the city, most of the Peninsula and parts of southern Alameda County. The SFPUC’s Ritchie says customers are starting to conserve more. He said systemwide water use last week was 234 million gallons, down from 272 million gallons a year ago — a 16 percent reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people are starting to get the message,” Ritchie said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim spoke to Paul Rogers, managing editor of KQED Science, about the emergency regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/158036788&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Below:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>The Associated Press’s Thursday night report on the state water board’s proposal: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Don Thompson\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wasting water outdoors amid the state’s drought will begin hitting Californians in the wallet under get-tough restrictions being proposed by state regulators, with fines of up to $500 a day for overwatering front lawns or washing a car without a shut-off nozzle on the hose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a> next week is scheduled to consider draft emergency regulations made public Tuesday. The rules are intended to put teeth into conservation efforts that so far have produced disappointing results.\u003cbr>\nMost of the regulations are aimed at reducing outdoor water use in cities and towns, which the board said accounts in some areas for more than half of residents’ daily water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations would prohibit overwatering of lawns and landscaping that causes runoff onto sidewalks or streets, washing sidewalks, driveways and other hard surfaces, using a hose to wash a vehicle unless the hose has a shut-off nozzle and using drinking water in a fountain or decorative water feature unless the water is recirculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re not doing standards here that say you have to kill your lawn. … It just means, think about it.’\u003ccite>— Felicia Marcus,\u003cbr>\nWater Resources Control Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Violations would be infractions punishable by fines of up to $500 a day, and tickets could be written by any public employee empowered to enforce laws. While $500 is the daily maximum, most cities are likely to have a sliding scale that starts with a warning and builds for repeat violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in a drought of historic proportions,” board Chairwoman Felicia Marcus said. “Many urban water users don’t realize how bad this drought is. They’re not seeing the communities that are actually running out of water. … They don’t see the streams and creeks running dry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the board adopts the regulations after hearing comments during a July 15 public meeting in Sacramento, the rules would take effect immediately and remain in effect for nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They do not target indoor water use, such as doing the laundry or dishes, although some individual cities and water districts have asked or required their users to reduce overall water consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus said the restrictions to be considered next week represent what the water board considers the minimal level of conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not doing standards here that say you have to kill your lawn,” Marcus said. “It doesn’t mean you can’t take a shower. … It just means, think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the board might consider additional steps as the drought continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the proposed rules, urban water agencies would have to implement their water-shortage contingency plans to require mandatory restrictions on outdoor water use, if they have not done so already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water agencies without such a plan would have to act within 30 days to require their residents to restrict outdoor irrigation to no more than two days each week or take other mandatory steps to conserve the same amount of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water agencies that do not comply could face fines up to $10,000 each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The generally obscure State Water Resources Control Board is assuming a more high-profile role during California’s drought, which has left some communities scrambling for drinking water and led to thousands of farm acres being fallowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board usually regulates such things as wastewater and irrigation discharges to rivers and the ocean, as well as any activity that changes a waterway or harms water quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the board’s five members, who are appointed by the governor, are acting under Gov. Jerry Brown’s emergency drought proclamation in January and a related executive order in April, as well as drought legislation he signed in March. Last week, for example, the board adopted a different set of emergency regulations that will accelerate enforcement of orders prohibiting some junior water rights holders from diverting water from rivers and streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The additional restrictions the board will consider next week were proposed after a recent survey of water suppliers serving 25 million Californians showed that current voluntary and mandatory conservation efforts had resulted in just a 5 percent decline in use through May. Brown is seeking a 20 percent reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey found 30 percent of water suppliers had imposed mandatory restrictions that include limits on outdoor irrigation, washing vehicles and filling ornamental fountains and swimming pools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water use already was down the last three years because of dry conditions and poor economic conditions, and the survey found a significant reduction this May compared with the previous three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all those who responded said they had increased their conservation outreach, while 40 percent had increased their enforcement and monitoring. Two-thirds of the suppliers are requesting 20 percent water conservation, and 7 percent changed their water rates in response to the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141441\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/RS8567_173779091-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-141441\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/RS8567_173779091-lpr-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state of Washington is launching legal recreational marijuana sales this week, once again raising the question of whether California will someday follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a report from state wildlife officials is raising concern about the environmental cost of expanding cannabis cultivation in the Golden State — especially amid a drought that’s leading water managers to impose stricter and stricter controls on how the state’s most critical resource is used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana is a notoriously thirsty crop, with each plant requiring as much as six gallons a day for a 150-day growing season. According to a Department of Fish and Wildlife study released earlier this year (\u003ca href=\"#marijuanareport\">and embedded below\u003c/a>), illegal diversion of water to irrigate pot farms is leading some Northern California streams to run completely dry. And the loss of streams is harming some threatened fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim talked Tuesday to Scott Bauer, a senior Department of Fish and Wildlife biologist who co-authored the study on marijuana cultivation impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As one example of the impact of marijuana-related water diversions, Bauer said that last year about two dozen streams in Humboldt and Mendocino counties totally dried up. Many of those streams are home to threatened populations of salmon and steelhead, Bauer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the audio of our interview with Scott Bauer:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/157894412&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"marijuanareport\">\u003c/a>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"doc_68990\" class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/233248083/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141441\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/RS8567_173779091-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-141441\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/RS8567_173779091-lpr-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state of Washington is launching legal recreational marijuana sales this week, once again raising the question of whether California will someday follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a report from state wildlife officials is raising concern about the environmental cost of expanding cannabis cultivation in the Golden State — especially amid a drought that’s leading water managers to impose stricter and stricter controls on how the state’s most critical resource is used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana is a notoriously thirsty crop, with each plant requiring as much as six gallons a day for a 150-day growing season. According to a Department of Fish and Wildlife study released earlier this year (\u003ca href=\"#marijuanareport\">and embedded below\u003c/a>), illegal diversion of water to irrigate pot farms is leading some Northern California streams to run completely dry. And the loss of streams is harming some threatened fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim talked Tuesday to Scott Bauer, a senior Department of Fish and Wildlife biologist who co-authored the study on marijuana cultivation impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As one example of the impact of marijuana-related water diversions, Bauer said that last year about two dozen streams in Humboldt and Mendocino counties totally dried up. Many of those streams are home to threatened populations of salmon and steelhead, Bauer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Feds Pursue 'Prompt Wind-Down' of Drakes Bay Oyster Co. ",
"title": "Feds Pursue 'Prompt Wind-Down' of Drakes Bay Oyster Co. ",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/RS6542_74434182-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/RS6542_74434182-lpr-640x434.jpg\" alt=\"Drakes Bay Oyster Co. workers harvest strings of oysters on Schooner Bay at Point Reyes. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"434\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-141310\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drakes Bay Oyster Co. workers harvest strings of oysters on Schooner Bay at Point Reyes. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Tuesday 9:15 a.m.: \u003c/strong>A Monday federal court hearing didn't shed any new light on exactly when the Drakes Bay Oyster Co. will close, but lawyers for both the government and the Point Reyes oyster farm confirm they're in discussions. The two sides told U.S. District Court Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers during a case management hearing that they're in settlement discussions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of the attorneys for Drakes Bay owner Kevin Lunny told the San Francisco Chronicle's Kevin Fagan that \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/End-may-be-near-for-Point-Reyes-oyster-farm-5605362.php\" target=\"_blank\">further legal action in the case is still possible\u003c/a>. Lunny is challenging a November 2012 government decision not to renew the oyster farm's lease at Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not over until it's over,\" Bazel told Fagan. \"The litigation is still pending.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> Federal government lawyers are expected to discuss a plan for \"the prompt and orderly wind-down\" of Drakes Bay Oyster Co. operations at Point Reyes National Seashore — marking the possible end of a decade-long regulatory and legal battle over the oyster farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oyster company owner Kevin Lunny \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/06/30/supreme-court-rejects-drakes-bay-oyster-company-appeal/\" target=\"_blank\">lost his apparent last-ditch appeal\u003c/a> last week when the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear a challenge to orders from the Interior Department, backed up by lower court judges, to shut down his business on Drakes Estero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Interior Secretary Ken Salazar refused to renew Drakes Bay's lease in November 2012, citing a 1972 law that directed the National Park Service to restore the area to wilderness. Lunny purchased the farm in 2004 and had worked to persuade the park service that it should continue operating both for the sake of historical continuity and because its environmental impact was minimal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday afternoon, attorneys for the two sides are scheduled to meet in a case management conference with U.S. District Court Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers, who upheld Salazar's eviction order in February 2013. Salazar's original directive, suspended during 18 months of court appeals, allowed Drakes Bay to continue operation for 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the Supreme Court's action last week, government lawyers said they'd send Lunny and his attorneys a letter \"asking that the parties enter into discussions concerning the prompt and orderly wind-down of the plaintiff's [Lunny's] operations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Lunny's attorneys have held out the possibility of pursuing further legal action, perhaps through an amended lawsuit challenging Salazar's 2012 order.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141310\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/RS6542_74434182-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/RS6542_74434182-lpr-640x434.jpg\" alt=\"Drakes Bay Oyster Co. workers harvest strings of oysters on Schooner Bay at Point Reyes. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"434\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-141310\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drakes Bay Oyster Co. workers harvest strings of oysters on Schooner Bay at Point Reyes. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Tuesday 9:15 a.m.: \u003c/strong>A Monday federal court hearing didn't shed any new light on exactly when the Drakes Bay Oyster Co. will close, but lawyers for both the government and the Point Reyes oyster farm confirm they're in discussions. The two sides told U.S. District Court Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers during a case management hearing that they're in settlement discussions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of the attorneys for Drakes Bay owner Kevin Lunny told the San Francisco Chronicle's Kevin Fagan that \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/End-may-be-near-for-Point-Reyes-oyster-farm-5605362.php\" target=\"_blank\">further legal action in the case is still possible\u003c/a>. Lunny is challenging a November 2012 government decision not to renew the oyster farm's lease at Point Reyes National Seashore. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not over until it's over,\" Bazel told Fagan. \"The litigation is still pending.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> Federal government lawyers are expected to discuss a plan for \"the prompt and orderly wind-down\" of Drakes Bay Oyster Co. operations at Point Reyes National Seashore — marking the possible end of a decade-long regulatory and legal battle over the oyster farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oyster company owner Kevin Lunny \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/06/30/supreme-court-rejects-drakes-bay-oyster-company-appeal/\" target=\"_blank\">lost his apparent last-ditch appeal\u003c/a> last week when the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear a challenge to orders from the Interior Department, backed up by lower court judges, to shut down his business on Drakes Estero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Interior Secretary Ken Salazar refused to renew Drakes Bay's lease in November 2012, citing a 1972 law that directed the National Park Service to restore the area to wilderness. Lunny purchased the farm in 2004 and had worked to persuade the park service that it should continue operating both for the sake of historical continuity and because its environmental impact was minimal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday afternoon, attorneys for the two sides are scheduled to meet in a case management conference with U.S. District Court Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers, who upheld Salazar's eviction order in February 2013. Salazar's original directive, suspended during 18 months of court appeals, allowed Drakes Bay to continue operation for 90 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the Supreme Court's action last week, government lawyers said they'd send Lunny and his attorneys a letter \"asking that the parties enter into discussions concerning the prompt and orderly wind-down of the plaintiff's [Lunny's] operations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Lunny's attorneys have held out the possibility of pursuing further legal action, perhaps through an amended lawsuit challenging Salazar's 2012 order.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Berkeley Struggling To Reach Zero Waste Goal by 2020",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/author/drew/\" target=\"_blank\">Drew Jaffe\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Green-Schools-640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-141165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Green-Schools-640.jpg\" alt=\"Students at John Muir Elementary sort for composting and recycling, but more Berkeley residents need to recycle in order for the city to meet its 2020 zero waste goal. Photo: Green Schools Initiative\" width=\"640\" height=\"418\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at John Muir Elementary sort for composting and recycling, but more Berkeley residents need to recycle in order for the city to meet its 2020 zero waste goal. (Green Schools Initiative)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofberkeley.info/uploadedFiles/Auditor/Level_3_-_General/A%202_RPTwithCouncilRpt_Zero%20Waste_Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">recent audit\u003c/a> of several City of Berkeley departments has revealed that the city is in jeopardy of not meeting its zero waste goal by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution to divert all waste from landfills was adopted by the Berkeley City Council in 2005. According to the city auditor report, the city met the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofberkeley.info/uploadedFiles/Auditor/Level_3_-_General/A%202_RPTwithCouncilRpt_Zero%20Waste_Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">requirement by Alameda County\u003c/a> to divert 75 percent of readily recyclable materials from landfills in 2010, and it has doubled its waste diversion rate since 1995. But the audit reveals several setbacks, and potential solutions, to achieving the 100 percent goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Auditor Ann-Marie Hogan said getting more Berkeley residents on board with waste reduction will be key to meeting the objectives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141162\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Waste-initial-dumping-640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-141162\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Waste-initial-dumping-640.jpg\" alt=\"Berkeley’s recycling of green waste, here being dumped at a Central Valley sorting site, has helped it achieve a waste diversion rate of around 74 percent. Photo: Sean Gin\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Berkeley’s recycling of green waste, here being dumped at a Central Valley sorting site, has helped it achieve a waste diversion rate of around 74 percent. Photo: Sean Gin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The auditor’s report offers several recommendations to bolster the city’s progress, and emphasizes the need to create a strategic plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Public Works has already made progress in achieving zero waste, but needs a plan that more clearly identifies short-term goals, who is responsible for these goals, the resources needed to achieve these goals and how to determine if these goals have been met, the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report does not provide an explicit time frame for when such a plan should be developed, but Hogan said that the existence of an overall objective — zero waste by 2020 — will facilitate the process of creating one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s simpler to do a strategic plan for something where you already know what the goal is. Once you know where you want to go, you can concentrate on how you are going to get there and how you are going to be accountable and transparent about your progress,” Hogan said.\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-118795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/11/Berkeleyside-logo.jpg\" alt=\"Berkeleyside-logo\" width=\"290\" height=\"60\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To achieve zero waste, however, each goal must be customized to the city’s specific needs. According to the report, the city can be most effective by tailoring education, outreach, compliance and enforcement policies to areas with the most room for improvement. This includes targeting certain materials to increase their waste diversion rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report singled out education as one of the most effective instruments in increasing these rates. Campaigns informing residents of the benefits of recycling and composting can significantly reduce unsustainable waste disposal habits, the report said. And, while many people are already on board with waste reduction, Hogan said there are many who have yet to join the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of people in Berkeley who aren’t recycling yet, and studies in other cities have shown that you get to a certain point of getting people on board with recycling and then it will level off a bit. To reach people who aren’t true believers, you need to do more outreach,” Hogan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hogan mentioned better labeling, brochures, presentations and email campaigns as potential forms of outreach. If necessary, the city could also provide incentives for citizens to engage in more sustainable practices, either in the form of penalties or prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141163\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/recycling-cart-320.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-141163\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/recycling-cart-320.jpg\" alt=\"The city auditor says there are a lot of people in Berkeley who aren’t recycling yet. Photo: Tracey Taylor\" width=\"320\" height=\"410\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The city auditor says there are a lot of people in Berkeley who aren’t recycling yet. Photo: Tracey Taylor\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But none of these initiatives are cheap. A national zero waste summit referenced in the audit suggests that a minimum of $3 per person be spent on education to push waste diversion rates from 70 percent to 100 percent. The city currently has a diversion rate of around 74 percent, and the report recommends that the city should investigate whether more funds for education are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the potential cost of education and the cost of implementing other Public Works initiatives — like rebuilding the dilapidated transfer station and materials recovery facility — would likely exceed funding allocated to Public Works, which is already operating with a deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/02/27/berkeley-council-votes-to-increase-garbage-fees-by-25/\" target=\"_blank\">change in the way residents are charged for waste services\u003c/a>, Public Works will have a balanced budget by 2016, according to the report. But council may need to levy additional fees to fund all of the zero waste efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other efforts recommended by the report include biweekly garbage pickup, and greater collaboration with the Department of Information Technology to improve responses to customer complaints and collect more detailed data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hogan, the auditor’s office began looking into the city’s zero waste goal after a request from Public Works Director Andrew Clough. He wanted to know if data collected by Public Works could be used to better manage operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2013, the audit office began collecting information from Public Works, the city manager, and the Department of Information Technology, Hogan said. Over the next six months, Hogan and her colleagues investigated, researched and came up with preliminary findings. They then received feedback from the audited departments. A finalized report was submitted to the city clerk’s agenda review system in June. The City Council will review the audit on July 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hogan hopes the council will implement her office’s recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hoping that this report will help Berkeley make it to the next step,” Hogan said. “[The city] has a lot to be proud of in terms of what they’ve done in achieving their zero waste goal, and this will be a roadmap for how they can accelerate that progress.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/author/drew/\" target=\"_blank\">Drew Jaffe\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Green-Schools-640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-141165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Green-Schools-640.jpg\" alt=\"Students at John Muir Elementary sort for composting and recycling, but more Berkeley residents need to recycle in order for the city to meet its 2020 zero waste goal. Photo: Green Schools Initiative\" width=\"640\" height=\"418\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at John Muir Elementary sort for composting and recycling, but more Berkeley residents need to recycle in order for the city to meet its 2020 zero waste goal. (Green Schools Initiative)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofberkeley.info/uploadedFiles/Auditor/Level_3_-_General/A%202_RPTwithCouncilRpt_Zero%20Waste_Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">recent audit\u003c/a> of several City of Berkeley departments has revealed that the city is in jeopardy of not meeting its zero waste goal by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resolution to divert all waste from landfills was adopted by the Berkeley City Council in 2005. According to the city auditor report, the city met the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofberkeley.info/uploadedFiles/Auditor/Level_3_-_General/A%202_RPTwithCouncilRpt_Zero%20Waste_Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">requirement by Alameda County\u003c/a> to divert 75 percent of readily recyclable materials from landfills in 2010, and it has doubled its waste diversion rate since 1995. But the audit reveals several setbacks, and potential solutions, to achieving the 100 percent goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Auditor Ann-Marie Hogan said getting more Berkeley residents on board with waste reduction will be key to meeting the objectives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141162\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Waste-initial-dumping-640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-141162\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Waste-initial-dumping-640.jpg\" alt=\"Berkeley’s recycling of green waste, here being dumped at a Central Valley sorting site, has helped it achieve a waste diversion rate of around 74 percent. Photo: Sean Gin\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Berkeley’s recycling of green waste, here being dumped at a Central Valley sorting site, has helped it achieve a waste diversion rate of around 74 percent. Photo: Sean Gin\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The auditor’s report offers several recommendations to bolster the city’s progress, and emphasizes the need to create a strategic plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Public Works has already made progress in achieving zero waste, but needs a plan that more clearly identifies short-term goals, who is responsible for these goals, the resources needed to achieve these goals and how to determine if these goals have been met, the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report does not provide an explicit time frame for when such a plan should be developed, but Hogan said that the existence of an overall objective — zero waste by 2020 — will facilitate the process of creating one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s simpler to do a strategic plan for something where you already know what the goal is. Once you know where you want to go, you can concentrate on how you are going to get there and how you are going to be accountable and transparent about your progress,” Hogan said.\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright wp-image-118795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/11/Berkeleyside-logo.jpg\" alt=\"Berkeleyside-logo\" width=\"290\" height=\"60\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To achieve zero waste, however, each goal must be customized to the city’s specific needs. According to the report, the city can be most effective by tailoring education, outreach, compliance and enforcement policies to areas with the most room for improvement. This includes targeting certain materials to increase their waste diversion rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report singled out education as one of the most effective instruments in increasing these rates. Campaigns informing residents of the benefits of recycling and composting can significantly reduce unsustainable waste disposal habits, the report said. And, while many people are already on board with waste reduction, Hogan said there are many who have yet to join the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of people in Berkeley who aren’t recycling yet, and studies in other cities have shown that you get to a certain point of getting people on board with recycling and then it will level off a bit. To reach people who aren’t true believers, you need to do more outreach,” Hogan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hogan mentioned better labeling, brochures, presentations and email campaigns as potential forms of outreach. If necessary, the city could also provide incentives for citizens to engage in more sustainable practices, either in the form of penalties or prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_141163\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/recycling-cart-320.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-141163\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/recycling-cart-320.jpg\" alt=\"The city auditor says there are a lot of people in Berkeley who aren’t recycling yet. Photo: Tracey Taylor\" width=\"320\" height=\"410\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The city auditor says there are a lot of people in Berkeley who aren’t recycling yet. Photo: Tracey Taylor\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But none of these initiatives are cheap. A national zero waste summit referenced in the audit suggests that a minimum of $3 per person be spent on education to push waste diversion rates from 70 percent to 100 percent. The city currently has a diversion rate of around 74 percent, and the report recommends that the city should investigate whether more funds for education are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the potential cost of education and the cost of implementing other Public Works initiatives — like rebuilding the dilapidated transfer station and materials recovery facility — would likely exceed funding allocated to Public Works, which is already operating with a deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/02/27/berkeley-council-votes-to-increase-garbage-fees-by-25/\" target=\"_blank\">change in the way residents are charged for waste services\u003c/a>, Public Works will have a balanced budget by 2016, according to the report. But council may need to levy additional fees to fund all of the zero waste efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other efforts recommended by the report include biweekly garbage pickup, and greater collaboration with the Department of Information Technology to improve responses to customer complaints and collect more detailed data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hogan, the auditor’s office began looking into the city’s zero waste goal after a request from Public Works Director Andrew Clough. He wanted to know if data collected by Public Works could be used to better manage operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2013, the audit office began collecting information from Public Works, the city manager, and the Department of Information Technology, Hogan said. Over the next six months, Hogan and her colleagues investigated, researched and came up with preliminary findings. They then received feedback from the audited departments. A finalized report was submitted to the city clerk’s agenda review system in June. The City Council will review the audit on July 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hogan hopes the council will implement her office’s recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hoping that this report will help Berkeley make it to the next step,” Hogan said. “[The city] has a lot to be proud of in terms of what they’ve done in achieving their zero waste goal, and this will be a roadmap for how they can accelerate that progress.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2014/07/2014-07-04g-tcrmag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County is famous for being a wine mecca, but in the sleepy, steep hills of Santa Rosa lies a unique hidden treasure. The area is home to Safari West, a wildlife preserve with about 800 exotic African animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not your average zoo. The animals are not trained pets and do not sit in cages, but instead live in their own natural habitats. Petting the animals is not allowed but visitors to the 400-acre attraction get a firsthand glimpse of an African Serengeti. Even the plants are indigenous to Southern Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A visit to Safari West includes a two-hour tour in an open-air Korean War-era jeep. During the tour, visitors see rhinos, zebras and buffalo, all grazing within arm’s reach, and hear the squawking sounds of parrots and flamingos. Tourists have the option of riding on the top level of the double-decker safari truck, which offers eye-level views with slow-moving giraffes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The animals are captive but they’re not domesticated, so everything has the potential of being dangerous,” Daniel Cusimano, a Safari West guide, says during a recent tour. “As the animals do get pretty close to the truck, I beg of you not to reach your hands out and try to touch them. Petting your dog or cat is not the same as poking a 3,000-pound giraffe in the face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safari West is the brainchild of conservationists Peter and Nancy Lang. The couple opened the Santa Rosa attraction 21 years ago. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an entirely African population of animals, so when you go on a safari with one of our guides, it is the same as going on a morning game drive in the Maasai Mara in Kenya, or the Sulu in Tanzania, or Kruger in South Africa,” Peter Lang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As much as the staff loves to share the exotic animals with visitors, they also want to educate them about preserving endangered species like the rhinos and the African antelopes. Safari West breeds several threatened bird species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the safari excursion, guests can spend the night in one of the African-style tents. Marc Thomas makes a vacation out of Safari West, and brings his family from Sacramento once a year to spend the night in one of the cabins. While he says the experience is serene, it’s a lot noisier than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s noisy because of all the little birds and animals,” he says. “They come alive in the evening and in the early morning. So, to hear things that you’re not hearing in the middle of the day is a unique experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safari West, which attracts about 60,000 annual visitors, is open year-round, rain or shine.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2014/07/2014-07-04g-tcrmag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County is famous for being a wine mecca, but in the sleepy, steep hills of Santa Rosa lies a unique hidden treasure. The area is home to Safari West, a wildlife preserve with about 800 exotic African animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is not your average zoo. The animals are not trained pets and do not sit in cages, but instead live in their own natural habitats. Petting the animals is not allowed but visitors to the 400-acre attraction get a firsthand glimpse of an African Serengeti. Even the plants are indigenous to Southern Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A visit to Safari West includes a two-hour tour in an open-air Korean War-era jeep. During the tour, visitors see rhinos, zebras and buffalo, all grazing within arm’s reach, and hear the squawking sounds of parrots and flamingos. Tourists have the option of riding on the top level of the double-decker safari truck, which offers eye-level views with slow-moving giraffes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The animals are captive but they’re not domesticated, so everything has the potential of being dangerous,” Daniel Cusimano, a Safari West guide, says during a recent tour. “As the animals do get pretty close to the truck, I beg of you not to reach your hands out and try to touch them. Petting your dog or cat is not the same as poking a 3,000-pound giraffe in the face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safari West is the brainchild of conservationists Peter and Nancy Lang. The couple opened the Santa Rosa attraction 21 years ago. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an entirely African population of animals, so when you go on a safari with one of our guides, it is the same as going on a morning game drive in the Maasai Mara in Kenya, or the Sulu in Tanzania, or Kruger in South Africa,” Peter Lang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As much as the staff loves to share the exotic animals with visitors, they also want to educate them about preserving endangered species like the rhinos and the African antelopes. Safari West breeds several threatened bird species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the safari excursion, guests can spend the night in one of the African-style tents. Marc Thomas makes a vacation out of Safari West, and brings his family from Sacramento once a year to spend the night in one of the cabins. While he says the experience is serene, it’s a lot noisier than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s noisy because of all the little birds and animals,” he says. “They come alive in the evening and in the early morning. So, to hear things that you’re not hearing in the middle of the day is a unique experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safari West, which attracts about 60,000 annual visitors, is open year-round, rain or shine.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Lance Williams\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/\">The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_140912\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Jo_Hoeper-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-140912\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Jo_Hoeper-1-427x640.jpg\" alt=\"Former San Francisco Chief Trial Deputy Joanne Hoeper (Courtesy of Joanne Hoeper)\" width=\"300\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former San Francisco Chief Trial Deputy Joanne Hoeper (Courtesy of Joanne Hoeper)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco city officials steered millions in public funds to a handful of plumbing companies for unneeded repairs of private sewer lines, a former top lawyer in the city attorney’s office alleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the lawyer began to investigate what she suspected was a long-running illegal payment scheme, she says she was demoted and later fired, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1212098-ccsf-claim-with-received-stamp.html\">wrongful termination claim\u003c/a> filed Tuesday with the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the claim, former Chief Trial Deputy Joanne Hoeper contends that City Attorney Dennis Herrera suppressed her probe of a scheme that she estimates cost city taxpayers more than $10 million between 2002 and 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the claim, the sewer repair payments were approved by two officials in Herrera’s office: Matthew Rothschild, head of the claims bureau and Herrera’s chief political aide, and Michael Haase, Rothschild’s assistant. Thousands of repair bills were paid even though they were meritless and based on “false statements, inflated bills … and other red flags,” Hoeper contends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, while her probe was underway, Hoeper says in her claim that Herrera demoted her and shut down the investigation, and then fired her earlier this year. She contends that her demotion and firing were in retaliation for what she said were her efforts to expose financial improprieties — including her suspicion that someone was receiving kickbacks — in the city attorney’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera is out of town and unavailable for comment. In an email, his spokesman, Matt Dorsey, said the claim reflected “baseless allegations of wrongdoing from a disgruntled former employee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we generally cannot discuss personnel issues, the circumstances of Ms. Hoeper’s separation were thoroughly reviewed by outside counsel,” he continued, “and we’re confident that the San Francisco City Attorney’s Office will be vindicated when the case is adjudicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haase declined to comment, and Rothschild didn’t respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tree Roots and Sewer Lines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoeper’s allegations concern several small plumbing companies whose activities have prompted a flurry of homeowners’ complaints to police, city officials and even the FBI, according to documents and interviews. For years, salesmen for the companies went door to door in residential districts, claiming the roots of city street trees were damaging homeowners’ sewer lines and offering to replace them for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get the work done, homeowners were told to file legal claims for as much as $10,000 with the city attorney’s office. After the claims were paid, the homeowners were supposed to pay the money to the plumbing contractors, who replaced the sewer lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people who encountered the salesmen suspected a scam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Zack and Odilon Vasconcelos, former operators of a hair salon on Guerrero Street, said in interviews that in 2011, a salesman for a plumbing company called Drainbusters Plumbing had obtained their signatures under false pretenses and used them to file a $10,000 claim for a new sewer line for their salon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claim was “ridiculous,” Zack said, because nothing was wrong with the salon’s plumbing, and the nearest street tree was a sapling so far down the block that its roots couldn’t possibly have extended to the salon. Besides, the men didn’t own the building and thus legally couldn’t file a claim for the repair, he said. Nevertheless, the city attorney’s office approved the claim, court records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suspicious, Zack emailed Mayor Ed Lee and other officials and ultimately called Haase in the city attorney’s claims bureau. Zack said the official told him that the salesman’s conduct was “unethical but not illegal” and told Zack to turn over to the plumbing salesman the $10,000 claim settlement the city had issued to him and Vasconcelos.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> A review of public records shows that from 2009 to 2011, San Francisco paid $8.9 million on about 1,100 claims in these cases. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At first, Zack and Vasconcelos balked, but ultimately they paid the claim money to the plumbing company after being ordered to do so by a judge in small claims court, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another case, the owner of a Mission District restaurant called police on a Drainbusters salesman in 2012, after he allegedly pried open a sewer cleanout without permission, according to a police report. The salesman apparently was hoping to convince property owners that tree roots were damaging their sewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riad Khano, owner of Drainbusters, said his company did only necessary, city-authorized sewer line repairs. The city saved significant money by paying private plumbing companies for the work, he claimed, calling Department of Public Works crews notoriously inefficient. The city stopped paying for repairs to private sewer lines because of budget problems, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few people had complained about his salesmen, Khano said, but the complaints were unfounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim That FBI Tipped Her Off\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her claim, Hoeper says the FBI tipped her to the suspected billing scam in 2011, after agents received a series of complaints from homeowners. Hoeper assigned two investigators to the probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She concluded that the city had no legal responsibility to pay any of the claims. No city in California routinely pays for tree root damage to private sewer lines, she said in her claim, and for most of its history, San Francisco didn’t either. But starting in 2002, the city attorney’s office began approving those claims, sometimes within days after they were submitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She contended that her probe found case after case in which sewer lines were being replaced, even though there was no evidence of damage or bills obviously were padded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, six months after it began, Hoeper said she told Herrera of her investigation. Herrera asked her for a written report, she said. Soon after reviewing it, by her account, he removed her as chief trial deputy and transferred her to the district attorney’s office. She said she was fired last January, on the day Herrera was sworn in for his fourth term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A review of public records shows that from 2009 to 2011, San Francisco paid $8.9 million on about 1,100 claims for what the city described as sewer property damage or tree maintenance issues, categories that could include root damage to private sewer lines. The average payout was about $8,000. About 140 claims were rejected. In a handful of cases, payments went to plumbing companies. Usually, payment went to property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public records also show the city stopped paying for private sewer repairs soon after Hoeper says she made her report to Herrera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 20, 2012, city records show that Edward Harrington, then the general manager of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, issued a memo saying no claims for “tree root intrusion” should be paid unless he or the city’s public works director personally approved them in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, court records show the city attorney’s office has successfully defended several small claims lawsuits brought by homeowners seeking compensation for tree root damage to their sewer lines. In court, the city’s lawyers contend that the city never has been responsible for paying for such repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera, the city’s top legal officer since 2001, has cultivated an image as a champion of good government and consumer protection. For years, Hoeper was one of Herrera’s closest aides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, when a legal newspaper named Hoeper one of the “top 50 women litigators”in California, Herrera issued a news release praising Hoeper for her efforts to stamp out public corruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoeper’s claim says Rothschild, the claims bureau chief, was outraged by her investigation of his unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By her account, Rothschild confronted her, angrily declaring, “I will not stand for this.” In another encounter before she was demoted, Hoeper asserted that Rothschild accused her of “picking on” his assistant and threatened a “hunger strike if she persisted with the investigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her claim, Hoeper asks to be reinstated and awarded back pay and other damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Amy Pyle and copy edited by Christine Lee and Nikki Frick. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This story was produced by The Center for Investigative Reporting, an independent, nonprofit newsroom based in the San Francisco Bay Area. For more, visit cironline.org. Williams can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:lwilliams@cironline.org\">lwilliams@cironline.org\u003c/a>. Follow him on Twitter: @LanceWCIR.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Lance Williams\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/\">The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_140912\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Jo_Hoeper-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-140912\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/Jo_Hoeper-1-427x640.jpg\" alt=\"Former San Francisco Chief Trial Deputy Joanne Hoeper (Courtesy of Joanne Hoeper)\" width=\"300\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former San Francisco Chief Trial Deputy Joanne Hoeper (Courtesy of Joanne Hoeper)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco city officials steered millions in public funds to a handful of plumbing companies for unneeded repairs of private sewer lines, a former top lawyer in the city attorney’s office alleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the lawyer began to investigate what she suspected was a long-running illegal payment scheme, she says she was demoted and later fired, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1212098-ccsf-claim-with-received-stamp.html\">wrongful termination claim\u003c/a> filed Tuesday with the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the claim, former Chief Trial Deputy Joanne Hoeper contends that City Attorney Dennis Herrera suppressed her probe of a scheme that she estimates cost city taxpayers more than $10 million between 2002 and 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the claim, the sewer repair payments were approved by two officials in Herrera’s office: Matthew Rothschild, head of the claims bureau and Herrera’s chief political aide, and Michael Haase, Rothschild’s assistant. Thousands of repair bills were paid even though they were meritless and based on “false statements, inflated bills … and other red flags,” Hoeper contends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, while her probe was underway, Hoeper says in her claim that Herrera demoted her and shut down the investigation, and then fired her earlier this year. She contends that her demotion and firing were in retaliation for what she said were her efforts to expose financial improprieties — including her suspicion that someone was receiving kickbacks — in the city attorney’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera is out of town and unavailable for comment. In an email, his spokesman, Matt Dorsey, said the claim reflected “baseless allegations of wrongdoing from a disgruntled former employee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we generally cannot discuss personnel issues, the circumstances of Ms. Hoeper’s separation were thoroughly reviewed by outside counsel,” he continued, “and we’re confident that the San Francisco City Attorney’s Office will be vindicated when the case is adjudicated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haase declined to comment, and Rothschild didn’t respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tree Roots and Sewer Lines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoeper’s allegations concern several small plumbing companies whose activities have prompted a flurry of homeowners’ complaints to police, city officials and even the FBI, according to documents and interviews. For years, salesmen for the companies went door to door in residential districts, claiming the roots of city street trees were damaging homeowners’ sewer lines and offering to replace them for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get the work done, homeowners were told to file legal claims for as much as $10,000 with the city attorney’s office. After the claims were paid, the homeowners were supposed to pay the money to the plumbing contractors, who replaced the sewer lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people who encountered the salesmen suspected a scam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Zack and Odilon Vasconcelos, former operators of a hair salon on Guerrero Street, said in interviews that in 2011, a salesman for a plumbing company called Drainbusters Plumbing had obtained their signatures under false pretenses and used them to file a $10,000 claim for a new sewer line for their salon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claim was “ridiculous,” Zack said, because nothing was wrong with the salon’s plumbing, and the nearest street tree was a sapling so far down the block that its roots couldn’t possibly have extended to the salon. Besides, the men didn’t own the building and thus legally couldn’t file a claim for the repair, he said. Nevertheless, the city attorney’s office approved the claim, court records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suspicious, Zack emailed Mayor Ed Lee and other officials and ultimately called Haase in the city attorney’s claims bureau. Zack said the official told him that the salesman’s conduct was “unethical but not illegal” and told Zack to turn over to the plumbing salesman the $10,000 claim settlement the city had issued to him and Vasconcelos.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> A review of public records shows that from 2009 to 2011, San Francisco paid $8.9 million on about 1,100 claims in these cases. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At first, Zack and Vasconcelos balked, but ultimately they paid the claim money to the plumbing company after being ordered to do so by a judge in small claims court, records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another case, the owner of a Mission District restaurant called police on a Drainbusters salesman in 2012, after he allegedly pried open a sewer cleanout without permission, according to a police report. The salesman apparently was hoping to convince property owners that tree roots were damaging their sewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riad Khano, owner of Drainbusters, said his company did only necessary, city-authorized sewer line repairs. The city saved significant money by paying private plumbing companies for the work, he claimed, calling Department of Public Works crews notoriously inefficient. The city stopped paying for repairs to private sewer lines because of budget problems, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few people had complained about his salesmen, Khano said, but the complaints were unfounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim That FBI Tipped Her Off\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her claim, Hoeper says the FBI tipped her to the suspected billing scam in 2011, after agents received a series of complaints from homeowners. Hoeper assigned two investigators to the probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She concluded that the city had no legal responsibility to pay any of the claims. No city in California routinely pays for tree root damage to private sewer lines, she said in her claim, and for most of its history, San Francisco didn’t either. But starting in 2002, the city attorney’s office began approving those claims, sometimes within days after they were submitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She contended that her probe found case after case in which sewer lines were being replaced, even though there was no evidence of damage or bills obviously were padded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, six months after it began, Hoeper said she told Herrera of her investigation. Herrera asked her for a written report, she said. Soon after reviewing it, by her account, he removed her as chief trial deputy and transferred her to the district attorney’s office. She said she was fired last January, on the day Herrera was sworn in for his fourth term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A review of public records shows that from 2009 to 2011, San Francisco paid $8.9 million on about 1,100 claims for what the city described as sewer property damage or tree maintenance issues, categories that could include root damage to private sewer lines. The average payout was about $8,000. About 140 claims were rejected. In a handful of cases, payments went to plumbing companies. Usually, payment went to property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public records also show the city stopped paying for private sewer repairs soon after Hoeper says she made her report to Herrera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 20, 2012, city records show that Edward Harrington, then the general manager of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, issued a memo saying no claims for “tree root intrusion” should be paid unless he or the city’s public works director personally approved them in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, court records show the city attorney’s office has successfully defended several small claims lawsuits brought by homeowners seeking compensation for tree root damage to their sewer lines. In court, the city’s lawyers contend that the city never has been responsible for paying for such repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera, the city’s top legal officer since 2001, has cultivated an image as a champion of good government and consumer protection. For years, Hoeper was one of Herrera’s closest aides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, when a legal newspaper named Hoeper one of the “top 50 women litigators”in California, Herrera issued a news release praising Hoeper for her efforts to stamp out public corruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoeper’s claim says Rothschild, the claims bureau chief, was outraged by her investigation of his unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By her account, Rothschild confronted her, angrily declaring, “I will not stand for this.” In another encounter before she was demoted, Hoeper asserted that Rothschild accused her of “picking on” his assistant and threatened a “hunger strike if she persisted with the investigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her claim, Hoeper asks to be reinstated and awarded back pay and other damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Amy Pyle and copy edited by Christine Lee and Nikki Frick. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This story was produced by The Center for Investigative Reporting, an independent, nonprofit newsroom based in the San Francisco Bay Area. For more, visit cironline.org. Williams can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:lwilliams@cironline.org\">lwilliams@cironline.org\u003c/a>. Follow him on Twitter: @LanceWCIR.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "As California Drought Deepens, Those With Water Can Sell at a High Price",
"title": "As California Drought Deepens, Those With Water Can Sell at a High Price",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.twitter.com/garanceburke\" target=\"_blank\">Garance Burke\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_123805\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/FolsomLake1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-123805\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/FolsomLake1-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"Folsom Lake, east of Sacramento, pictured in January as it reached its winter low. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Folsom Lake, east of Sacramento, pictured in January as it reached its winter low. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Throughout California's desperately dry Central Valley, those with water to spare are cashing in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a third drought year forces farmers to fallow fields and lay off workers, two water districts and a pair of landowners in the heart of the state's farmland stand to make millions of dollars by pumping their groundwater and selling it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 40 others also are seeking to sell surplus water this year, according to state and federal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economists say it's been decades since the water market has been this hot. In the last five years alone, the price has grown tenfold to as much as $2,200 an acre-foot. That's about 326,000 gallons of water, typically described as enough to supply two average California households for a year.[contextly_sidebar id=\"071aefa1394c9e3207ff540094c14b00\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the previous drought in 2009, the state has been hands-off, letting the market set the price even though severe shortages prompted a statewide drought emergency declaration this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water economists have called for more state regulation to keep aquifers from being depleted and ensure the market is not subject to manipulation such as that seen in the energy crisis of summer 2001, when the state was besieged by rolling blackouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a really scarce natural resource that the state's economy depends on, it would be nice to have it run efficiently and transparently,\" said Richard Howitt, professor emeritus at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the sellers include some who hold claims on water that date back a century, private firms that are extracting groundwater and landowners who stored water when it was plentiful in underground storage facilities called water banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This year the market is unbelievable,\" said Thomas Greci, general manager of the Madera Irrigation District, which recently made nearly $7 million from selling about 3,200 acre-feet. \"And this is a way to pay our bills.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the Madera's district's water went to farms. The city of Santa Barbara, which has its own water shortages, was outbid.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'This year the market is unbelievable. And this is a way to pay our bills.'\u003ccite>Thomas Greci,\u003cbr>\nMadera Irrigation District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The prices are so high in some rural pockets that water auctions have become a spectacle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One agricultural water district amid the almond orchards and oil fields northwest of Bakersfield announced earlier this year it would sell off extra water it acquired through a more than century-old right to use flows from the Kern River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local TV crews and journalists flocked to the district's office in February to watch as manager Maurice Etchechury opened dozens of bids enclosed in sealed envelopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now everyone's mad at me, saying I increased the price of water. I didn't do it, the weather did it,\" said Etchechury, who manages the Buena Vista Water Storage District, which netted about $13.5 million from the auction of 12,000 acre-feet of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The severity of this year's drought means that the amount of water shipped from Northern California to the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California has been severely limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the last drought, the state Department of Water Resources (DWR) ran a drought water bank, which helped broker deals between those who were short of water and those who had plenty. But several environmental groups sued, alleging the state failed to comply with the California Environmental Quality Act in approving the sales, and won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the state is standing aside, saying buyers and sellers have not asked for the state's help. \"We think that buyers and sellers can negotiate their own deals better than the state,\" said Nancy Quan, a supervising engineer with the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DWR, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the State Water Resources Control Board have tracked at least 38 separate sales this year, but the agencies are not aware of all sales, nor do they keep track of the price of water sold, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maximum volume that could change hands through the 38 transactions is 730,323 acre-feet, which is about 25 percent of what the State Water Project has delivered to farms and cities in an average year in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That figure still doesn't include the many private water sales that do not require any use of government-run pipes or canals, including several chronicled by the AP. It's not clear, however, how much of this water will be sold via auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those in the best position to sell water this year have been able to store their excess supplies in underground banks, a tool widely embraced in the West for making water supplies reliable and marketable. The area surrounding Bakersfield is home to some of the country's largest water banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought is so severe that aggressive pumping of the banked supplies may cause some wells to run dry by year's end, said Eric Averett, general manager of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wakc.com/index.php/whos-who?pid=2&sid=90:Rosedale-Rio-Bravo-Water-Storage-District\" target=\"_blank\">Rosedale-Rio Bravo Water Storage District\u003c/a>, located next to several of the state's biggest water banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther north in the long, flat Central Valley, others are drilling new wells to sell off groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Stanislaus County's Del Puerto Water District \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercedsunstar.com/2014/06/05/3684236/water-district-approves-merced.html\" target=\"_blank\">approved a project\u003c/a> to buy up to 26,000 acre-feet of groundwater pumped by two landowners in neighboring Merced County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the district is getting no water from the federal government this year, the extra water will let farmers keep their trees alive, said Anthea Hansen, general manager of the arid Del Puerto Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hansen estimated growers would ultimately pay $775 to $980 an acre-foot — a total of roughly $20 million to $25.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to try to keep them alive,\" Hansen said. \"It's too much loss in the investment and the local economy to not try.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.twitter.com/garanceburke\" target=\"_blank\">Garance Burke\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_123805\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/FolsomLake1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-123805\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/01/FolsomLake1-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"Folsom Lake, east of Sacramento, pictured in January as it reached its winter low. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Folsom Lake, east of Sacramento, pictured in January as it reached its winter low. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Throughout California's desperately dry Central Valley, those with water to spare are cashing in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a third drought year forces farmers to fallow fields and lay off workers, two water districts and a pair of landowners in the heart of the state's farmland stand to make millions of dollars by pumping their groundwater and selling it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 40 others also are seeking to sell surplus water this year, according to state and federal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economists say it's been decades since the water market has been this hot. In the last five years alone, the price has grown tenfold to as much as $2,200 an acre-foot. That's about 326,000 gallons of water, typically described as enough to supply two average California households for a year.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the previous drought in 2009, the state has been hands-off, letting the market set the price even though severe shortages prompted a statewide drought emergency declaration this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water economists have called for more state regulation to keep aquifers from being depleted and ensure the market is not subject to manipulation such as that seen in the energy crisis of summer 2001, when the state was besieged by rolling blackouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a really scarce natural resource that the state's economy depends on, it would be nice to have it run efficiently and transparently,\" said Richard Howitt, professor emeritus at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the sellers include some who hold claims on water that date back a century, private firms that are extracting groundwater and landowners who stored water when it was plentiful in underground storage facilities called water banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This year the market is unbelievable,\" said Thomas Greci, general manager of the Madera Irrigation District, which recently made nearly $7 million from selling about 3,200 acre-feet. \"And this is a way to pay our bills.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the Madera's district's water went to farms. The city of Santa Barbara, which has its own water shortages, was outbid.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'This year the market is unbelievable. And this is a way to pay our bills.'\u003ccite>Thomas Greci,\u003cbr>\nMadera Irrigation District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The prices are so high in some rural pockets that water auctions have become a spectacle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One agricultural water district amid the almond orchards and oil fields northwest of Bakersfield announced earlier this year it would sell off extra water it acquired through a more than century-old right to use flows from the Kern River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local TV crews and journalists flocked to the district's office in February to watch as manager Maurice Etchechury opened dozens of bids enclosed in sealed envelopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now everyone's mad at me, saying I increased the price of water. I didn't do it, the weather did it,\" said Etchechury, who manages the Buena Vista Water Storage District, which netted about $13.5 million from the auction of 12,000 acre-feet of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The severity of this year's drought means that the amount of water shipped from Northern California to the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California has been severely limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the last drought, the state Department of Water Resources (DWR) ran a drought water bank, which helped broker deals between those who were short of water and those who had plenty. But several environmental groups sued, alleging the state failed to comply with the California Environmental Quality Act in approving the sales, and won.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the state is standing aside, saying buyers and sellers have not asked for the state's help. \"We think that buyers and sellers can negotiate their own deals better than the state,\" said Nancy Quan, a supervising engineer with the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DWR, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation and the State Water Resources Control Board have tracked at least 38 separate sales this year, but the agencies are not aware of all sales, nor do they keep track of the price of water sold, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maximum volume that could change hands through the 38 transactions is 730,323 acre-feet, which is about 25 percent of what the State Water Project has delivered to farms and cities in an average year in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That figure still doesn't include the many private water sales that do not require any use of government-run pipes or canals, including several chronicled by the AP. It's not clear, however, how much of this water will be sold via auctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those in the best position to sell water this year have been able to store their excess supplies in underground banks, a tool widely embraced in the West for making water supplies reliable and marketable. The area surrounding Bakersfield is home to some of the country's largest water banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought is so severe that aggressive pumping of the banked supplies may cause some wells to run dry by year's end, said Eric Averett, general manager of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wakc.com/index.php/whos-who?pid=2&sid=90:Rosedale-Rio-Bravo-Water-Storage-District\" target=\"_blank\">Rosedale-Rio Bravo Water Storage District\u003c/a>, located next to several of the state's biggest water banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther north in the long, flat Central Valley, others are drilling new wells to sell off groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Stanislaus County's Del Puerto Water District \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercedsunstar.com/2014/06/05/3684236/water-district-approves-merced.html\" target=\"_blank\">approved a project\u003c/a> to buy up to 26,000 acre-feet of groundwater pumped by two landowners in neighboring Merced County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the district is getting no water from the federal government this year, the extra water will let farmers keep their trees alive, said Anthea Hansen, general manager of the arid Del Puerto Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hansen estimated growers would ultimately pay $775 to $980 an acre-foot — a total of roughly $20 million to $25.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to try to keep them alive,\" Hansen said. \"It's too much loss in the investment and the local economy to not try.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Water Snakes Invading California Threaten Native Species",
"headTitle": "Water Snakes Invading California Threaten Native Species | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18816\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 895px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/commonwatersnake_OJM-e1404151734964.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18816\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/commonwatersnake_OJM-e1404151734964.jpeg\" alt=\"The common water snake and southern water snake are characterized by dark cross bands, which the native garter snake lacks. (OJ Miano/UC Davis)\" width=\"895\" height=\"508\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The common water snake and southern water snake are characterized by dark cross bands, which the native garter snake lacks. (OJ Miano/UC Davis)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water snakes from the eastern United States are being found in increasing numbers throughout California’s waterways, and biologists at the University of California at Davis are growing concerned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The common water snake and the southern water snake thrive in suburban areas and human-disturbed habitats but are harmless to humans. However, they may pose a threat to native aquatic species, including some types of frogs, snakes and salamanders because they compete for the same food source or directly pray on the native species. The invasive water snakes have been found in some areas near Sacramento as well as near Long Beach in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘This instance of these non-native snakes is emblematic of a bigger problem in California’\u003ccite>— Jonathan Rose, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“This instance of these non-native snakes is emblematic of a bigger problem in California where many of our native aquatic species are being replaced by non-native species,” says \u003ca href=\"http://toddlab.ucdavis.edu/jrose.html\">Jonathan Rose\u003c/a>, a doctoral candidate at UC Davis. Rose has been working under\u003ca href=\"http://wfcb.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/todd.php\"> Dr. Brian Todd\u003c/a>, an Assistant Professor of Wildlife Biology, to analyze the snake’s potential to spread through California and the Western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100277\">The study\u003c/a> by Rose and Todd lists which areas will be affected if populations of the invasive water snakes continue to spread. According to their projections, invasive snakes could spread throughout the western United States, overlapping with the habitats of native aquatic dwellers like the foothill yellow-legged frog, the giant garter snake, the California giant salamander and the California tiger salamander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These non-native water snakes present yet another threat or stress to many already imperiled species,” Rose says. Many of the native aquatic species are already at risk due to changes in their habitats and the introduction of other non-native species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18843\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/WatersnakeSalamander_JDW-1.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18843\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/WatersnakeSalamander_JDW-1.jpeg\" alt=\"WatersnakeSalamander_JDW (1)\" width=\"465\" height=\"349\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The southern water snake, which commonly feeds on the endangered mole salamander, is one of two water snake species invading California’s waterways. (J.D. Willson/University of Arkansas)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Non-native water snakes have been present in California for quite a while now. As of 2008 it is unlawful to possess one of these water snakes as a pet, but Rose says they were likely introduced as a result of people releasing their pet snakes before this ban was in place. It is unclear exactly how many of these snakes are in California presently, but there are roughly 300 in the Sacramento area, according to Rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they currently pose no immediate threat to native species, non-native species often pass a threshold at which the population grows rapidly and starts spreading. According to Rose, we are at the early stage where snakes haven’t spread out of control as far as we know. The snakes aren’t having any negative effects on native species but that could change at any time. “These snakes are not picky eaters; they’ll feed on pretty much any fish or amphibian they can overpower,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘These snakes are not picky eaters; they’ll feed on pretty much any fish or amphibian they can overpower’\u003ccite>Jonathan Rose\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The common water snake is of particular concern, says Rose, because it is geographically widespread and able to survive in a variety of climates. Rose says that some snakes are capable of producing litters of 50 or more offspring. They also reach sexual maturity at two or three years of age, so their populations can grow rapidly and bounce back from negative influences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Rose, it is possible that the snakes have already spread throughout the state without our knowledge. If they are more established than we realize, they will eventually start to compete with aquatic species. But it may not be too late. Rose explained that the best case scenario is that fish and wildlife agencies put together a management plan to determine where these species are and act quickly to eradicate their populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The common water snake and southern water snake are characterized by dark cross bands, which the native garter snake lacks. Sightings and pictures of introduced water snakes can be reported to \u003ca href=\"mailto:californiawatersnakes@gmail.com\">californiawatersnakes@gmail.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18816\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 895px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/commonwatersnake_OJM-e1404151734964.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18816\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/commonwatersnake_OJM-e1404151734964.jpeg\" alt=\"The common water snake and southern water snake are characterized by dark cross bands, which the native garter snake lacks. (OJ Miano/UC Davis)\" width=\"895\" height=\"508\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The common water snake and southern water snake are characterized by dark cross bands, which the native garter snake lacks. (OJ Miano/UC Davis)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water snakes from the eastern United States are being found in increasing numbers throughout California’s waterways, and biologists at the University of California at Davis are growing concerned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The common water snake and the southern water snake thrive in suburban areas and human-disturbed habitats but are harmless to humans. However, they may pose a threat to native aquatic species, including some types of frogs, snakes and salamanders because they compete for the same food source or directly pray on the native species. The invasive water snakes have been found in some areas near Sacramento as well as near Long Beach in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘This instance of these non-native snakes is emblematic of a bigger problem in California’\u003ccite>— Jonathan Rose, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“This instance of these non-native snakes is emblematic of a bigger problem in California where many of our native aquatic species are being replaced by non-native species,” says \u003ca href=\"http://toddlab.ucdavis.edu/jrose.html\">Jonathan Rose\u003c/a>, a doctoral candidate at UC Davis. Rose has been working under\u003ca href=\"http://wfcb.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/todd.php\"> Dr. Brian Todd\u003c/a>, an Assistant Professor of Wildlife Biology, to analyze the snake’s potential to spread through California and the Western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0100277\">The study\u003c/a> by Rose and Todd lists which areas will be affected if populations of the invasive water snakes continue to spread. According to their projections, invasive snakes could spread throughout the western United States, overlapping with the habitats of native aquatic dwellers like the foothill yellow-legged frog, the giant garter snake, the California giant salamander and the California tiger salamander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These non-native water snakes present yet another threat or stress to many already imperiled species,” Rose says. Many of the native aquatic species are already at risk due to changes in their habitats and the introduction of other non-native species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18843\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 465px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/WatersnakeSalamander_JDW-1.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18843\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/WatersnakeSalamander_JDW-1.jpeg\" alt=\"WatersnakeSalamander_JDW (1)\" width=\"465\" height=\"349\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The southern water snake, which commonly feeds on the endangered mole salamander, is one of two water snake species invading California’s waterways. (J.D. Willson/University of Arkansas)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Non-native water snakes have been present in California for quite a while now. As of 2008 it is unlawful to possess one of these water snakes as a pet, but Rose says they were likely introduced as a result of people releasing their pet snakes before this ban was in place. It is unclear exactly how many of these snakes are in California presently, but there are roughly 300 in the Sacramento area, according to Rose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they currently pose no immediate threat to native species, non-native species often pass a threshold at which the population grows rapidly and starts spreading. According to Rose, we are at the early stage where snakes haven’t spread out of control as far as we know. The snakes aren’t having any negative effects on native species but that could change at any time. “These snakes are not picky eaters; they’ll feed on pretty much any fish or amphibian they can overpower,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘These snakes are not picky eaters; they’ll feed on pretty much any fish or amphibian they can overpower’\u003ccite>Jonathan Rose\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The common water snake is of particular concern, says Rose, because it is geographically widespread and able to survive in a variety of climates. Rose says that some snakes are capable of producing litters of 50 or more offspring. They also reach sexual maturity at two or three years of age, so their populations can grow rapidly and bounce back from negative influences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Rose, it is possible that the snakes have already spread throughout the state without our knowledge. If they are more established than we realize, they will eventually start to compete with aquatic species. But it may not be too late. Rose explained that the best case scenario is that fish and wildlife agencies put together a management plan to determine where these species are and act quickly to eradicate their populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The common water snake and southern water snake are characterized by dark cross bands, which the native garter snake lacks. Sightings and pictures of introduced water snakes can be reported to \u003ca href=\"mailto:californiawatersnakes@gmail.com\">californiawatersnakes@gmail.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Associated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court won’t hear a challenge to California’s first-in-the-nation mandate requiring fuel producers to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices on Monday turned away appeals from fuel makers that say the law discriminates against out-of-state producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”2751d5643381670982378cacad5cd1e7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mandate requires petroleum refiners and fuel distributors to make cleaner-burning fuels for the California market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out-of-state oil refiners and ethanol companies say the law provides an unfair advantage to in-state producers by giving a higher “carbon-intensity score” to fuels transported from other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state says the law simply offers incentives for companies that make cleaner-burning fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. district judge agreed with the challengers. The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals reversed, saying the law gives all fuel makers options to get their product to market.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"disqusTitle": "High Court Won't Hear Drakes Bay Oyster Co.'s Appeal of Shutdown Order",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81968\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/12/drakesoysterfarm20121129.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-81968\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/12/drakesoysterfarm20121129-640x413.jpg\" alt=\"Strings of mother shells that will contain baby oysters at Drakes Bay Oyster Co., in 2007 photo. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"413\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Strings of mother shells that will contain baby oysters at Drakes Bay Oyster Co., in 2007 photo. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court has declined to hear a last-ditch appeal from Marin County's Drakes Bay Oyster Co., the Point Reyes business that has been fighting for a decade to renew its lease at Point Reyes National Seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court's decision came without comment and was one in a long list of cases that the tribunal announced it will not consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Drakes Bay said it believes it still has not run out of legal moves:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We are not yet out of options,” said Kevin Lunny, owner of Drakes Bay Oyster Farm. “While we had hoped the Supreme Court would grant our cert petition requesting a review of the Ninth Circuit’s ruling, our Federal case against the government now returns to the District Court, where we will be making decisions over the next few weeks about how to proceed. We are extremely grateful to our customers and supporters for everything they have done for our family and our workers’ families over the years.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Drakes Bay \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/14/court-rejects-drakes-bay-oyster-company-request-for-new-hearing\" target=\"_blank\">has lost successive rounds\u003c/a> in its attempt to persuade federal courts that, by denying the oyster farm's attempt to renew a lease that ran out in late 2012, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar had violated both federal environmental and administrative law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar refused to renew the lease based on 1970s legislation that directed the National Park Service to return Drakes Estero, where the oyster farm is located, to wilderness. Salazar's decision required Lunny to shut down his operation and vacate the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lunny's statement leaves it unclear on what grounds he might pursue further court action. \u003ca href=\"http://www.drakesbayoyster.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Drakes Bay has remained open\u003c/a> during the 18 months of legal challenges to Salazar's decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, KQED's Mina Kim discussed Drakes Bay's options with John Leshy, professor at UC Hastings College of Law:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/156763430&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81968\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/12/drakesoysterfarm20121129.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-81968\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/12/drakesoysterfarm20121129-640x413.jpg\" alt=\"Strings of mother shells that will contain baby oysters at Drakes Bay Oyster Co., in 2007 photo. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"413\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Strings of mother shells that will contain baby oysters at Drakes Bay Oyster Co., in 2007 photo. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court has declined to hear a last-ditch appeal from Marin County's Drakes Bay Oyster Co., the Point Reyes business that has been fighting for a decade to renew its lease at Point Reyes National Seashore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court's decision came without comment and was one in a long list of cases that the tribunal announced it will not consider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Drakes Bay said it believes it still has not run out of legal moves:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We are not yet out of options,” said Kevin Lunny, owner of Drakes Bay Oyster Farm. “While we had hoped the Supreme Court would grant our cert petition requesting a review of the Ninth Circuit’s ruling, our Federal case against the government now returns to the District Court, where we will be making decisions over the next few weeks about how to proceed. We are extremely grateful to our customers and supporters for everything they have done for our family and our workers’ families over the years.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Drakes Bay \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/14/court-rejects-drakes-bay-oyster-company-request-for-new-hearing\" target=\"_blank\">has lost successive rounds\u003c/a> in its attempt to persuade federal courts that, by denying the oyster farm's attempt to renew a lease that ran out in late 2012, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar had violated both federal environmental and administrative law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar refused to renew the lease based on 1970s legislation that directed the National Park Service to return Drakes Estero, where the oyster farm is located, to wilderness. Salazar's decision required Lunny to shut down his operation and vacate the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lunny's statement leaves it unclear on what grounds he might pursue further court action. \u003ca href=\"http://www.drakesbayoyster.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Drakes Bay has remained open\u003c/a> during the 18 months of legal challenges to Salazar's decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, KQED's Mina Kim discussed Drakes Bay's options with John Leshy, professor at UC Hastings College of Law:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/156763430&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/rewoodshot3-1024x573.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-18769\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/rewoodshot3-1024x573.jpg\" alt=\"Poachers have chopped the burl from the base of this redwood. (Sally Schilling/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"573\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Poachers have chopped the burl from the base of this redwood. (Sally Schilling/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California is home to the tallest trees in the world: coast redwoods. To forest visitors, staring up at the towering canopy of a 300-foot-tall old-growth redwood can feel surreal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a lot of people this is an almost religious experience,” said ranger Brett Silver, standing recently in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of heavy logging in the 1800s and early 1900s, only about five percent of the old-growth redwoods remain, with much of that acreage in state and national parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forests have also been designated an International Biosphere Reserve and World Heritage Site. But in spite of their status, these sacred groves are facing another threat: poachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18710\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/redw_rings.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18710 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/redw_rings.jpg\" alt=\"New trees can sprout from the dense bud material in a burl. (National Park Service.)\" width=\"300\" height=\"257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New trees can sprout from the dense bud material within a burl. (National Park Service.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stealing Seedlings\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They sneak into the forest, most likely at night, authorities say. They carry chainsaws and wear night-vision goggles. They’re after the trees’ precious burl — the knobby growths typically found at the base of a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, rangers have discovered a few instances of burl poaching, here and there. But in the past two years, they’ve noticed an increasing number of cuts, some huge gashes up to eight feet across at the base of the trees, some of which are nearly 1000 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem with cutting the burls off isn’t that it kills the tree. Rather it hurts the chances of a new clone of that tree taking life in the same space. Burls contain dormant bud tissue and can sprout new seedlings. Redwoods are unique in that they regenerate not only through their seed cones, but also their burls, said Jeff Denny, a ranger at Redwood National and State Parks. There are thousands of seeds carried in each grape-sized cone, but seeds rarely penetrate the thick layer of forest debris. Burls offer the best chance for a redwood to regenerate, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denny brushed his hand over the bright red, exposed heartwood where a burl was cut from an old-growth tree on the south end of the park. These cuts also expose the tree to disease and fire damage, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Lure of Burl\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood burl is prized by woodworkers for its swirling grains and deep-red hues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has a very unique pattern, very different than the circular rings that you’ll find at the base of a tree,” Denny said. “It produces a very attractive piece.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18716\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/burl-bed-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18716\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/burl-bed-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"Artisan Burlwood in Berkeley sells redwood burl bed frames, tables and other furniture to clients around the world. (Jim Parodi)\" width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artisan Burlwood in Berkeley sells redwood burl bed frames, tables and other furniture to clients around the world. (Jim Parodi)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>South of Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park is the once-booming logging town of Orick. The town boasts one motel and about eight redwood burl shops. Rangers have investigated the shops over the past couple of years. But until recently, the question of who was committing these crimes was a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangers attribute the rise in burl poaching to increased drug addiction and unemployment in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rural economies, as we’ve all gone through transitions, you leave behind poverty,” said Jaqueline Debets, economic development director for Humboldt County. The timber industry was once the lifeblood of Humboldt County’s economy. Now, due to environmental protections and decreased supply of wood, timber has shrunk to a small fraction of the economy, Debets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a breezy April afternoon, Rod Price stood at his outdoor carving shop on the outskirts of Orick. He rushed to a trailer behind his shop, and came out with a raw piece of “bird’s eye redwood” cut into the shape of a feather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Watch this,” he said. He poured water over the dry wood. The grains shimmered and popped as the wood soaked up the liquid. “The grains move,” he said excitedly, tilting the piece in the sunlight. “Sometimes they are golden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small burl chunks are often shined and shaped into salad bowls or bear figurines. Craftsmen use larger pieces to make one-of-a-kind furniture. Large burl slabs can sell for hundreds, or even thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18713\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 114px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/Orick-map-114x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18713\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/Orick-map-114x162.jpg\" alt=\"The town of Orick, Ca., is about 40 miles north of Eureka, and just south of Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park. (Google Maps)\" width=\"114\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The town of Orick, Ca., is about 40 miles north of Eureka, and just south of Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park. (Google Maps)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who Are the Poachers?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, authorities arrested Danny Garcia, 43, and Larry Morrow, 34, both of Orick. The arrests were the culmination of a year-long investigation. After receiving an anonymous tip, rangers found burl pieces at a local shop that matched the shape and size of a burl cut discovered last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of a plea deal, both men pleaded guilty to felony vandalism charges. Garcia was sentenced earlier this month to 700 hours of community service and required to pay a $11,178 in restitution. Morrow was sentenced to three years of probation and ordered to pay $1,600 in restitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three groups, the Center for Biological Diversity, Redwood Parks Association and Save the Redwoods League, are \u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/league/press_detail.php?id=559\">offering a $5,000 reward\u003c/a> for information leading to the prosecution of redwood poachers. The parks’ law enforcement tip line is 707-464-7353.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangers believe there are still several other individuals who are poaching. Ranger Silver says the theft is comparable to robbing a church. “When [people] see the damage that’s going on it really breaks their heart,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AG5F9SeGI50\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/newsroom/watch/archive/277985\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED NEWSROOM\u003c/a> is a weekly news magazine program on television, radio and online. Watch Fridays at 8 p.m. on KQED Public Television 9, listen on Sundays at 6 p.m. on KQED Public Radio 88.5 FM and watch on demand \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/newsroom/watch/archive/277985\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/rewoodshot3-1024x573.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-18769\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/rewoodshot3-1024x573.jpg\" alt=\"Poachers have chopped the burl from the base of this redwood. (Sally Schilling/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"573\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Poachers have chopped the burl from the base of this redwood. (Sally Schilling/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California is home to the tallest trees in the world: coast redwoods. To forest visitors, staring up at the towering canopy of a 300-foot-tall old-growth redwood can feel surreal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a lot of people this is an almost religious experience,” said ranger Brett Silver, standing recently in Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of heavy logging in the 1800s and early 1900s, only about five percent of the old-growth redwoods remain, with much of that acreage in state and national parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The forests have also been designated an International Biosphere Reserve and World Heritage Site. But in spite of their status, these sacred groves are facing another threat: poachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18710\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/redw_rings.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18710 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/redw_rings.jpg\" alt=\"New trees can sprout from the dense bud material in a burl. (National Park Service.)\" width=\"300\" height=\"257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New trees can sprout from the dense bud material within a burl. (National Park Service.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stealing Seedlings\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They sneak into the forest, most likely at night, authorities say. They carry chainsaws and wear night-vision goggles. They’re after the trees’ precious burl — the knobby growths typically found at the base of a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, rangers have discovered a few instances of burl poaching, here and there. But in the past two years, they’ve noticed an increasing number of cuts, some huge gashes up to eight feet across at the base of the trees, some of which are nearly 1000 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem with cutting the burls off isn’t that it kills the tree. Rather it hurts the chances of a new clone of that tree taking life in the same space. Burls contain dormant bud tissue and can sprout new seedlings. Redwoods are unique in that they regenerate not only through their seed cones, but also their burls, said Jeff Denny, a ranger at Redwood National and State Parks. There are thousands of seeds carried in each grape-sized cone, but seeds rarely penetrate the thick layer of forest debris. Burls offer the best chance for a redwood to regenerate, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denny brushed his hand over the bright red, exposed heartwood where a burl was cut from an old-growth tree on the south end of the park. These cuts also expose the tree to disease and fire damage, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Lure of Burl\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood burl is prized by woodworkers for its swirling grains and deep-red hues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has a very unique pattern, very different than the circular rings that you’ll find at the base of a tree,” Denny said. “It produces a very attractive piece.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18716\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 216px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/burl-bed-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18716\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/burl-bed-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"Artisan Burlwood in Berkeley sells redwood burl bed frames, tables and other furniture to clients around the world. (Jim Parodi)\" width=\"216\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artisan Burlwood in Berkeley sells redwood burl bed frames, tables and other furniture to clients around the world. (Jim Parodi)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>South of Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park is the once-booming logging town of Orick. The town boasts one motel and about eight redwood burl shops. Rangers have investigated the shops over the past couple of years. But until recently, the question of who was committing these crimes was a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangers attribute the rise in burl poaching to increased drug addiction and unemployment in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rural economies, as we’ve all gone through transitions, you leave behind poverty,” said Jaqueline Debets, economic development director for Humboldt County. The timber industry was once the lifeblood of Humboldt County’s economy. Now, due to environmental protections and decreased supply of wood, timber has shrunk to a small fraction of the economy, Debets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a breezy April afternoon, Rod Price stood at his outdoor carving shop on the outskirts of Orick. He rushed to a trailer behind his shop, and came out with a raw piece of “bird’s eye redwood” cut into the shape of a feather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Watch this,” he said. He poured water over the dry wood. The grains shimmered and popped as the wood soaked up the liquid. “The grains move,” he said excitedly, tilting the piece in the sunlight. “Sometimes they are golden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small burl chunks are often shined and shaped into salad bowls or bear figurines. Craftsmen use larger pieces to make one-of-a-kind furniture. Large burl slabs can sell for hundreds, or even thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18713\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 114px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/Orick-map-114x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18713\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/Orick-map-114x162.jpg\" alt=\"The town of Orick, Ca., is about 40 miles north of Eureka, and just south of Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park. (Google Maps)\" width=\"114\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The town of Orick, Ca., is about 40 miles north of Eureka, and just south of Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park. (Google Maps)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who Are the Poachers?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, authorities arrested Danny Garcia, 43, and Larry Morrow, 34, both of Orick. The arrests were the culmination of a year-long investigation. After receiving an anonymous tip, rangers found burl pieces at a local shop that matched the shape and size of a burl cut discovered last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of a plea deal, both men pleaded guilty to felony vandalism charges. Garcia was sentenced earlier this month to 700 hours of community service and required to pay a $11,178 in restitution. Morrow was sentenced to three years of probation and ordered to pay $1,600 in restitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three groups, the Center for Biological Diversity, Redwood Parks Association and Save the Redwoods League, are \u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/league/press_detail.php?id=559\">offering a $5,000 reward\u003c/a> for information leading to the prosecution of redwood poachers. The parks’ law enforcement tip line is 707-464-7353.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangers believe there are still several other individuals who are poaching. Ranger Silver says the theft is comparable to robbing a church. “When [people] see the damage that’s going on it really breaks their heart,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AG5F9SeGI50\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/newsroom/watch/archive/277985\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED NEWSROOM\u003c/a> is a weekly news magazine program on television, radio and online. Watch Fridays at 8 p.m. on KQED Public Television 9, listen on Sundays at 6 p.m. on KQED Public Radio 88.5 FM and watch on demand \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/newsroom/watch/archive/277985\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "At 150, Yosemite’s Roots Go Deep",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/156352022&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>t’s nearing midnight, and the full moon is bathing North America’s tallest waterfall in its milky glow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few die-hard photographers have timed their visit to Yosemite Falls so they can catch a glimpse of a rare phenomenon: a rainbow at night, emerging from the mist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_140452\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 425px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-140452\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/Lower-Yosemite-Falls-Moonbow-credit-John-Senser-425x640.jpeg\" alt=\"Not often visible to the naked eye, Yosemite's moonbow is best captured with a long-exposure photograph. (Courtesy of John Senser)\" width=\"425\" height=\"640\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not often visible to the naked eye, Yosemite's moonbow is best captured with a long-exposure photograph. (Courtesy of John Senser)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s called \u003ca href=\"http://www.yosemitepark.com/yosemite-moonbow.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">a moonbow\u003c/a>, and you can only see it \u003ca href=\"http://uweb.txstate.edu/~do01/moonbows2014.html\" target=\"_blank\">a few times a year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need swirling winds to help move the mist around, then you need, obviously the moon come up. And that combination is what brings it out,” explains photographer Mark Zborowksi, who is helping to lead a group of photographers through a moonbow class sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yosemiteconservancy.org\" target=\"_blank\">Yosemite Conservancy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just a spectacular view,” Zborowski sighs. “You look up, and you can see the ridges up high and the stars. It fills your eyes, gives you a lot to feed off of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The naked eye can’t usually see the color spectrum of the moonbow, but a long exposure with a camera can capture it. “[It] looks like something coming out of Harry Potter’s wand. Just this thin, silvery band, but the camera caught color,” explains photographer Christie MacBride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I read John Muir. I read his description of when he climbed and saw the moonbow. After I saw that, I always wanted to see it,” says photographer Diane Hayward. “That literally is on my bucket list.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photography, in fact, has been key to Yosemite’s allure. Historians think it may have helped convince Congress – and President Abraham Lincoln - to preserve a place most of them would never visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The \u003ca href=\"http://www.shannontech.com/ParkVision/Yosemite/Yosemite11.html\" target=\"_blank\">first photographer who came to the Mariposa Grove\u003c/a> in 1859 took a picture of \u003ca href=\"http://www.yosemitehikes.com/southern-yosemite/mariposa-grove/gallery-grizzly-giant.htm\" target=\"_blank\">the Grizzly Giant\u003c/a>,” says Ranger Dean Shenk as he walks towards one of the park’s most famous trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Grizzly Giant is the size of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and, amazingly, it has a lean to it that is actually greater than the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa,” says Shenk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This grove of giant sequoias and the iconic Yosemite Valley became the first federally protected wilderness areas when Lincoln signed the land grant in June of 1864.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\n\u003ch2>Early Photography at Yosemite\u003c/h2>\n\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zjWAFgny2L8&w=560&h=315]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Among photographers whose work influenced legislation was Carleton Watkins. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2014/05/02/how-photographer-carleton-watkins-helped-preserve-yosemite/\" target=\"blank\">Learn more about Watkins.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“In the midst of our country’s civil war, with all the bloodshed, all the battle, all the anxiety, many of us would like to think that he took a moment and perhaps shook his head, or smiled, in just perhaps a sigh of pleasure,” says Shenk. There’s no real historical evidence, though, Shenk says, to definitively prove whether the thought of a natural cathedral in California really helped distract Lincoln, or anyone else, from anxiety about the bloody Civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These areas were at first entrusted to the state of California and eventually became a national park in 1890.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people have compared the idea of protecting Yosemite valley and the Mariposa Grove with \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1149\" target=\"_blank\">the seed of a giant sequoia\u003c/a>,” says Shenk. “The sequoias have incredibly tiny seeds. They look like an oat flake, and yet each one of those seeds has the potential to become a tree that can be 30 feet or more across the trunk, and as much as 300 feet tall, and live for hundreds of years. And so that seed planted by Lincoln’s signature has expanded to the national park system throughout America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Shenk points out, even those who urged Congress to preserve Yosemite warned that tourism had to be managed carefully. That includes \u003ca href=\"http://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/frederick-law-olmsted-sr\" target=\"_blank\">Frederick Law Olmsted\u003c/a>, the landscape architect who helped design New York’s Central Park. He served as one of the state commissioners who oversaw the Yosemite land grant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_140465\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-140465\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/horse-640x407.jpg\" alt=\"Improved roadways brought carriages further into the park in the late 1800s. Today, a parking lot and tram traffic is impeding sequoia growth. (Courtesy of the Yosemite National Park Research Library.)\" width=\"640\" height=\"407\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Improved roadways brought carriages further into the park in the late 1800s. Today, a parking lot and tram traffic is impeding sequoia growth. (Courtesy of the Yosemite National Park Research Library.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Not only did he predict the millions of people in the future, but he also said, and so we must be aware of the capricious damage that one visitor might make, and then multiply it by the millions,” Shenk says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, four million people a year visit Yosemite. Trams carrying thousands of visitors snake through the giant sequoias on paved roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sequoia seedlings are unable to sprout where you have parking lots,” says Shenk, as he watches a line of cars snake toward the trees. “Ironically, our large parking lot in the Mariposa grove is right on top of some of the most prime, best areas that sequoias would like to rejuvenate in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/yose/anniversary/\" target=\"_blank\">the 150th anniversary celebration\u003c/a>, the park planned to tear out those parking lots and remove the trams in an effort to restore the grove to its original condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just down the road from the giant sequoia grove, the park still makes room for traditional tourist attractions that allow a taste of the park’s early history. Georg O’Gormon (yes, that’s “Georg” - he explains with a wink that his parents couldn’t afford the “e”) demonstrates the fine points of 19th century blacksmithing for visitors at Yosemite’s Pioneer Village.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_140493\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 472px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-140493\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/mantree-472x640.jpg\" alt=\"Galen Clark was among Yosemite's early advocates, and he served as guardian of the park for 24 years. Here he stands with the Grizzly Giant. (Photo by Carleton E. Watkins, Courtesy of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.)\" width=\"472\" height=\"640\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Galen Clark was one of Yosemite's early advocates, and he served as guardian of the park for 24 years. Here he stands with the Grizzly Giant. (Photo by Carleton E. Watkins, Courtesy of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I hope they take away the same idea that Lincoln had, and that is not only to preserve the wilderness but to preserve the way of life that people lived that came before us. And what they went through to provide us with the easy life we have today,” says O’ Gormon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 150th anniversary celebration was met with skepticism from some Native Americans, who can’t forget how their ancestors were treated by white soldiers and settlers in the 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helen Hogan Coats, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=ind2384&DataType=AmericanHistory&WinType=Free\" target=\"_blank\">a southern Sierra Miwok\u003c/a>,, was born in Yosemite in 1927. She worked in the hotel laundry washing sheets and as a babysitter for the children of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/historyculture/ansel-adams.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Ansel Adams, the famed Yosemite photographer\u003c/a>. Her grandmother, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kstrom.net/isk/art/basket/yosemite.html\" target=\"_blank\">Lucy Telles\u003c/a>, was an influential Native American basket weaver famous for her intricate, multicolored designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I live right here on the highway that goes to Yosemite,” she says, sitting in her house perched on a hilltop in Midpines, near the entrance to the park. “So I see these buses go and go. I tell my husband, There they go again. They’re trompling down my ground again, they’re just trompling her down.' I said, 'Why don’t they give her a rest?' They’re making it into a Disneyland. That’s the way I look at it. Mother earth is just trodded down too much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coats says she hopes visitors coming to commemorate Yosemite’s history will stop for a while to think about what this place was like before white settlers arrived a century and a half ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, don’t just come in there and have a good time celebrating,” says Coats. “You got to have a little spiritual way of looking at the rocks and the trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to the Yosemite Conservancy for providing historic photographs for this article. Find more photos and learn about Yosemite's history in \u003ca href=\"http://www.yosemiteconservancystore.com/Prod-235-1-643-85/seed-of-the-future-yosemite-and-the-evolution-of-the-national-park-idea.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Seed of the Future\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The National Park Service has created a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/yose/anniversary/timeline/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">timeline\u003c/a> of the Yosemite Grant.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It's been 150 years since Lincoln preserved Yosemite, and the park is celebrating by boosting conservation efforts.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/156352022&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>t’s nearing midnight, and the full moon is bathing North America’s tallest waterfall in its milky glow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few die-hard photographers have timed their visit to Yosemite Falls so they can catch a glimpse of a rare phenomenon: a rainbow at night, emerging from the mist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_140452\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 425px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-140452\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/Lower-Yosemite-Falls-Moonbow-credit-John-Senser-425x640.jpeg\" alt=\"Not often visible to the naked eye, Yosemite's moonbow is best captured with a long-exposure photograph. (Courtesy of John Senser)\" width=\"425\" height=\"640\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Not often visible to the naked eye, Yosemite's moonbow is best captured with a long-exposure photograph. (Courtesy of John Senser)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s called \u003ca href=\"http://www.yosemitepark.com/yosemite-moonbow.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">a moonbow\u003c/a>, and you can only see it \u003ca href=\"http://uweb.txstate.edu/~do01/moonbows2014.html\" target=\"_blank\">a few times a year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need swirling winds to help move the mist around, then you need, obviously the moon come up. And that combination is what brings it out,” explains photographer Mark Zborowksi, who is helping to lead a group of photographers through a moonbow class sponsored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.yosemiteconservancy.org\" target=\"_blank\">Yosemite Conservancy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just a spectacular view,” Zborowski sighs. “You look up, and you can see the ridges up high and the stars. It fills your eyes, gives you a lot to feed off of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The naked eye can’t usually see the color spectrum of the moonbow, but a long exposure with a camera can capture it. “[It] looks like something coming out of Harry Potter’s wand. Just this thin, silvery band, but the camera caught color,” explains photographer Christie MacBride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I read John Muir. I read his description of when he climbed and saw the moonbow. After I saw that, I always wanted to see it,” says photographer Diane Hayward. “That literally is on my bucket list.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photography, in fact, has been key to Yosemite’s allure. Historians think it may have helped convince Congress – and President Abraham Lincoln - to preserve a place most of them would never visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The \u003ca href=\"http://www.shannontech.com/ParkVision/Yosemite/Yosemite11.html\" target=\"_blank\">first photographer who came to the Mariposa Grove\u003c/a> in 1859 took a picture of \u003ca href=\"http://www.yosemitehikes.com/southern-yosemite/mariposa-grove/gallery-grizzly-giant.htm\" target=\"_blank\">the Grizzly Giant\u003c/a>,” says Ranger Dean Shenk as he walks towards one of the park’s most famous trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Grizzly Giant is the size of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and, amazingly, it has a lean to it that is actually greater than the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa,” says Shenk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This grove of giant sequoias and the iconic Yosemite Valley became the first federally protected wilderness areas when Lincoln signed the land grant in June of 1864.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\n\u003ch2>Early Photography at Yosemite\u003c/h2>\n\u003cdiv class=\"single-video\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/zjWAFgny2L8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/zjWAFgny2L8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Among photographers whose work influenced legislation was Carleton Watkins. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2014/05/02/how-photographer-carleton-watkins-helped-preserve-yosemite/\" target=\"blank\">Learn more about Watkins.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“In the midst of our country’s civil war, with all the bloodshed, all the battle, all the anxiety, many of us would like to think that he took a moment and perhaps shook his head, or smiled, in just perhaps a sigh of pleasure,” says Shenk. There’s no real historical evidence, though, Shenk says, to definitively prove whether the thought of a natural cathedral in California really helped distract Lincoln, or anyone else, from anxiety about the bloody Civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These areas were at first entrusted to the state of California and eventually became a national park in 1890.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people have compared the idea of protecting Yosemite valley and the Mariposa Grove with \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=1149\" target=\"_blank\">the seed of a giant sequoia\u003c/a>,” says Shenk. “The sequoias have incredibly tiny seeds. They look like an oat flake, and yet each one of those seeds has the potential to become a tree that can be 30 feet or more across the trunk, and as much as 300 feet tall, and live for hundreds of years. And so that seed planted by Lincoln’s signature has expanded to the national park system throughout America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Shenk points out, even those who urged Congress to preserve Yosemite warned that tourism had to be managed carefully. That includes \u003ca href=\"http://www.olmsted.org/the-olmsted-legacy/frederick-law-olmsted-sr\" target=\"_blank\">Frederick Law Olmsted\u003c/a>, the landscape architect who helped design New York’s Central Park. He served as one of the state commissioners who oversaw the Yosemite land grant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_140465\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-140465\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/horse-640x407.jpg\" alt=\"Improved roadways brought carriages further into the park in the late 1800s. Today, a parking lot and tram traffic is impeding sequoia growth. (Courtesy of the Yosemite National Park Research Library.)\" width=\"640\" height=\"407\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Improved roadways brought carriages further into the park in the late 1800s. Today, a parking lot and tram traffic is impeding sequoia growth. (Courtesy of the Yosemite National Park Research Library.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Not only did he predict the millions of people in the future, but he also said, and so we must be aware of the capricious damage that one visitor might make, and then multiply it by the millions,” Shenk says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, four million people a year visit Yosemite. Trams carrying thousands of visitors snake through the giant sequoias on paved roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sequoia seedlings are unable to sprout where you have parking lots,” says Shenk, as he watches a line of cars snake toward the trees. “Ironically, our large parking lot in the Mariposa grove is right on top of some of the most prime, best areas that sequoias would like to rejuvenate in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/featurecontent/yose/anniversary/\" target=\"_blank\">the 150th anniversary celebration\u003c/a>, the park planned to tear out those parking lots and remove the trams in an effort to restore the grove to its original condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just down the road from the giant sequoia grove, the park still makes room for traditional tourist attractions that allow a taste of the park’s early history. Georg O’Gormon (yes, that’s “Georg” - he explains with a wink that his parents couldn’t afford the “e”) demonstrates the fine points of 19th century blacksmithing for visitors at Yosemite’s Pioneer Village.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_140493\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 472px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-140493\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/mantree-472x640.jpg\" alt=\"Galen Clark was among Yosemite's early advocates, and he served as guardian of the park for 24 years. Here he stands with the Grizzly Giant. (Photo by Carleton E. Watkins, Courtesy of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.)\" width=\"472\" height=\"640\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Galen Clark was one of Yosemite's early advocates, and he served as guardian of the park for 24 years. Here he stands with the Grizzly Giant. (Photo by Carleton E. Watkins, Courtesy of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I hope they take away the same idea that Lincoln had, and that is not only to preserve the wilderness but to preserve the way of life that people lived that came before us. And what they went through to provide us with the easy life we have today,” says O’ Gormon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 150th anniversary celebration was met with skepticism from some Native Americans, who can’t forget how their ancestors were treated by white soldiers and settlers in the 1800s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helen Hogan Coats, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=ind2384&DataType=AmericanHistory&WinType=Free\" target=\"_blank\">a southern Sierra Miwok\u003c/a>,, was born in Yosemite in 1927. She worked in the hotel laundry washing sheets and as a babysitter for the children of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/historyculture/ansel-adams.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Ansel Adams, the famed Yosemite photographer\u003c/a>. Her grandmother, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kstrom.net/isk/art/basket/yosemite.html\" target=\"_blank\">Lucy Telles\u003c/a>, was an influential Native American basket weaver famous for her intricate, multicolored designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I live right here on the highway that goes to Yosemite,” she says, sitting in her house perched on a hilltop in Midpines, near the entrance to the park. “So I see these buses go and go. I tell my husband, There they go again. They’re trompling down my ground again, they’re just trompling her down.' I said, 'Why don’t they give her a rest?' They’re making it into a Disneyland. That’s the way I look at it. Mother earth is just trodded down too much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coats says she hopes visitors coming to commemorate Yosemite’s history will stop for a while to think about what this place was like before white settlers arrived a century and a half ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, don’t just come in there and have a good time celebrating,” says Coats. “You got to have a little spiritual way of looking at the rocks and the trees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to the Yosemite Conservancy for providing historic photographs for this article. Find more photos and learn about Yosemite's history in \u003ca href=\"http://www.yosemiteconservancystore.com/Prod-235-1-643-85/seed-of-the-future-yosemite-and-the-evolution-of-the-national-park-idea.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Seed of the Future\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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