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"title": "As Water Prices Soar, Some Profit From California’s Drought",
"headTitle": "As Water Prices Soar, Some Profit From California’s Drought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/06/20140623science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18543\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/orchard3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18543\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/orchard3.jpg\" alt=\"(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An almond tree that’s been uprooted due to drought near Los Banos, California. (Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farmers who lack water in California are facing a tough summer ahead, but for those who do have water, it can be a windfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is hitting record prices on the open market, prompting some farmers to pump groundwater and sell it — what some call “groundwater mining.” With groundwater already at record-low levels in parts of the state, concerns are rising that these water sales, known as water transfers, may put pressure on California’s overtaxed aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other water deals, farmers are selling the water they get from reservoirs or rivers and are using groundwater instead to irrigate their fields, known as “groundwater substitution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 60 billion gallons of groundwater are being proposed in water sales this year — either sold for profit or substituted for water sold for profit, according to a KQED analysis of documents filed with state and federal agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drawing the Battle Lines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Anthea Hansen took the podium at a crowded Merced County Board of Supervisors meeting, knowing she was facing a tough crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sorry to bring this issue to your board and cause such a ruckus,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re in crisis mode. I have trees I need to keep alive.’\u003ccite>— Anthea Hansen, Del Puerto Water District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Hansen is the general manger of the Del Puerto Water District, which serves about 45,000 acres of farmland on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, an hour south of Stockton. But here she was, 50 miles away in Merced, telling the board why she needs to buy groundwater to save her district’s crops and orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in crisis mode,” she said. “I have trees I need to keep alive. We don’t need large quantities of water to do that. If that doesn’t happen, the trees are gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many water districts with the lowest-priority rights, “junior” water rights, Del Puerto’s normal water supply has dried up this year. Water levels in the federal reservoir system, known as the Central Valley Project, are too low to meet demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Hansen worked out a deal with two ranchers in Merced County. They would pump up to seven billion gallons of their groundwater, put it into canals, and sell it to Hansen’s farmers over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is common practice,” Steve Sloan told the Merced Board of Supervisors at the same meeting. He’s one of the ranchers who stands to make millions from the deal. Under California’s system of water rights, he owns the groundwater under his property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water exchanges, water transfers have been done for over 30 years,” Sloan said. “This is how we survive collectively as an ag industry in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18545\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS8927_Drought_JoshC-4395-sfi.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18545\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS8927_Drought_JoshC-4395-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"An unplanted field outside of Los Banos, California. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An unplanted field outside of Los Banos, California. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of Sloan’s neighbors don’t see it that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m within about a five-mile radius of where they’re going be doing the pumping. So, obviously I’m concerned,” Mike Gallo told the board. Gallo runs a farming operation near Sloan’s. “What’s gonna happen when you take this much water out of an aquifer? We’re on the same aquifer. I don’t know what it’s going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billy Grissom, a farmer and cattle rancher who owns property near Sloan’s, also objected to the water sale. “Water underground should not be sold for monetary gain,” Grissom said. “When the water is gone, all the farming is gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing extensive monitoring,” Sloan responded. “We don’t want to damage the aquifer. We don’t want to damage our neighbors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation is reviewing the water transfer because the water would move through federal infrastructure. In a preliminary report, the agency found there would be no significant environmental impact, though groundwater levels could be drawn down. While Merced County supervisors are also looking into the water transfer, they have little influence over the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Sales as Lifeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water transfer market is the only way we’re surviving right now,” said Lon Martin, assistant general manager of the San Luis Water District, another Central Valley district that has a zero water allocation this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Water underground should not be sold for monetary gain.’\u003ccite>— Billy Grissom, Farmer and Rancher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Martin is walking among hundreds of uprooted almond trees near Los Banos; the orchard was ripped out because of the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope that we don’t see any more of this,” he said. “Depending on the ability of the water district to bring water supplies — if we’re not successful with that, we may see more orchards taken offline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin says in a dry year like this one, there are fewer water transfers than usual, but one of the few large deals going through may help the trees in his district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine water districts north of Sacramento are planning to sell 26 billion gallons of water, about as much as San Francisco uses in a year. Farmers would fallow crops or would pump and use groundwater instead, freeing up their water in rivers and making it available for buyers down south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten water districts in the San Joaquin Valley would purchase the water, which is about half as much water as they’d tried to arrange to purchase in the transfer earlier this year. The deal is expected to cost $72 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are literally people with no water on their account, so this represents the only lifeline they have this year,” said Ara Azhderian, water policy administrator with the San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority, which negotiated the water transfer for the San Joaquin Valley water districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Legal Challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has neglected its groundwater,” says Barbara Vlamis, director of AquAlliance, a non-profit focused on the Sacramento watershed. Her group is suing to stop the water transfer over groundwater concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18544\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/orchard.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18544\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/orchard.jpg\" alt=\"An almond orchard that's been uprooted due to drought near Los Banos, California. (Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orchards in the San Joaquin Valley need water every year just to keep trees alive. (Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You’re putting an added stress on the groundwater basin,” Vlamis said. “In the last year alone, there have been wells in Glenn County that have dropped 32 feet. Nineteen feet in Butte County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vlamis says the problem is that groundwater isn’t regulated in California, so state and federal agencies don’t have a full picture of the impact transfers can have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s shoddy,” she said. “The agencies that are so casual about moving water out of here need to truly analyze what they’re doing to this region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal challenge has raised anxiety levels for districts that were counting on purchasing the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a huge cloud of uncertainty,” Azhderian said. “You’ve got growers that not only have their livelihoods and farms at risk, but they have then dipped into stressed financial resources to make this transfer happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of California’s Water Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water transfers are a way of making water available to people that don’t have old, senior water rights,” said Ellen Hanak, senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water transfers in California first emerged during the 1976-77 drought. “The idea was to stretch the available supplies and do the least economic harm,” Hanak said. “It made sense to allow the market signals to work and allow people to lease that water to folks that were able to pay more for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”3b073d41504f8b383e6897c6f4cbe645″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water transfers have since become commonplace. Earlier this year, Governor Jerry Brown ordered state agencies to \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18496\">speed up their environmental review\u003c/a> of water transfers to help with the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As groundwater levels dropped dramatically in the Central Valley, concerns have emerged about any added pressure to pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley has experienced the highest levels of groundwater overdraft, but there’s also increased pumping in the Sacramento Valley, generally perceived to have plenty of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re seeing an expansion of orchard crops, including in places that did not used to be irrigated,” Hanak said, “and it’s relying on groundwater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concerns over using groundwater in water transfers tie into larger challenges California is facing in monitoring and managing its underground reservoirs, Hanak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state will look carefully at a transfer to make sure that you aren’t selling water out of a river or lake that someone downstream of you would be using,” she said. “But because California does not have statewide regulation of groundwater, the state doesn’t have the possibility of easily making that assessment about groundwater use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some counties have taken matters into their own hands and have passed rules that effectively ban the sale of groundwater outside county lines. In Merced County, where controversy over the groundwater sale continues, county supervisors have said they’re looking into that policy.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Fights are breaking out over controversial water sales. Some farmers say they need the water to keep trees alive, while others say groundwater pumping depletes supplies for neighboring farms, and could threaten California's already-stressed aquifers.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18543\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/orchard3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18543\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/orchard3.jpg\" alt=\"(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An almond tree that’s been uprooted due to drought near Los Banos, California. (Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farmers who lack water in California are facing a tough summer ahead, but for those who do have water, it can be a windfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is hitting record prices on the open market, prompting some farmers to pump groundwater and sell it — what some call “groundwater mining.” With groundwater already at record-low levels in parts of the state, concerns are rising that these water sales, known as water transfers, may put pressure on California’s overtaxed aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other water deals, farmers are selling the water they get from reservoirs or rivers and are using groundwater instead to irrigate their fields, known as “groundwater substitution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 60 billion gallons of groundwater are being proposed in water sales this year — either sold for profit or substituted for water sold for profit, according to a KQED analysis of documents filed with state and federal agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drawing the Battle Lines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Anthea Hansen took the podium at a crowded Merced County Board of Supervisors meeting, knowing she was facing a tough crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sorry to bring this issue to your board and cause such a ruckus,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re in crisis mode. I have trees I need to keep alive.’\u003ccite>— Anthea Hansen, Del Puerto Water District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Hansen is the general manger of the Del Puerto Water District, which serves about 45,000 acres of farmland on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, an hour south of Stockton. But here she was, 50 miles away in Merced, telling the board why she needs to buy groundwater to save her district’s crops and orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in crisis mode,” she said. “I have trees I need to keep alive. We don’t need large quantities of water to do that. If that doesn’t happen, the trees are gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many water districts with the lowest-priority rights, “junior” water rights, Del Puerto’s normal water supply has dried up this year. Water levels in the federal reservoir system, known as the Central Valley Project, are too low to meet demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Hansen worked out a deal with two ranchers in Merced County. They would pump up to seven billion gallons of their groundwater, put it into canals, and sell it to Hansen’s farmers over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is common practice,” Steve Sloan told the Merced Board of Supervisors at the same meeting. He’s one of the ranchers who stands to make millions from the deal. Under California’s system of water rights, he owns the groundwater under his property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water exchanges, water transfers have been done for over 30 years,” Sloan said. “This is how we survive collectively as an ag industry in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18545\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS8927_Drought_JoshC-4395-sfi.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18545\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS8927_Drought_JoshC-4395-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"An unplanted field outside of Los Banos, California. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An unplanted field outside of Los Banos, California. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of Sloan’s neighbors don’t see it that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m within about a five-mile radius of where they’re going be doing the pumping. So, obviously I’m concerned,” Mike Gallo told the board. Gallo runs a farming operation near Sloan’s. “What’s gonna happen when you take this much water out of an aquifer? We’re on the same aquifer. I don’t know what it’s going to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billy Grissom, a farmer and cattle rancher who owns property near Sloan’s, also objected to the water sale. “Water underground should not be sold for monetary gain,” Grissom said. “When the water is gone, all the farming is gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing extensive monitoring,” Sloan responded. “We don’t want to damage the aquifer. We don’t want to damage our neighbors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation is reviewing the water transfer because the water would move through federal infrastructure. In a preliminary report, the agency found there would be no significant environmental impact, though groundwater levels could be drawn down. While Merced County supervisors are also looking into the water transfer, they have little influence over the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Sales as Lifeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water transfer market is the only way we’re surviving right now,” said Lon Martin, assistant general manager of the San Luis Water District, another Central Valley district that has a zero water allocation this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Water underground should not be sold for monetary gain.’\u003ccite>— Billy Grissom, Farmer and Rancher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Martin is walking among hundreds of uprooted almond trees near Los Banos; the orchard was ripped out because of the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope that we don’t see any more of this,” he said. “Depending on the ability of the water district to bring water supplies — if we’re not successful with that, we may see more orchards taken offline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin says in a dry year like this one, there are fewer water transfers than usual, but one of the few large deals going through may help the trees in his district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine water districts north of Sacramento are planning to sell 26 billion gallons of water, about as much as San Francisco uses in a year. Farmers would fallow crops or would pump and use groundwater instead, freeing up their water in rivers and making it available for buyers down south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten water districts in the San Joaquin Valley would purchase the water, which is about half as much water as they’d tried to arrange to purchase in the transfer earlier this year. The deal is expected to cost $72 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are literally people with no water on their account, so this represents the only lifeline they have this year,” said Ara Azhderian, water policy administrator with the San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority, which negotiated the water transfer for the San Joaquin Valley water districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Legal Challenge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has neglected its groundwater,” says Barbara Vlamis, director of AquAlliance, a non-profit focused on the Sacramento watershed. Her group is suing to stop the water transfer over groundwater concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18544\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/orchard.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18544\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/orchard.jpg\" alt=\"An almond orchard that's been uprooted due to drought near Los Banos, California. (Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orchards in the San Joaquin Valley need water every year just to keep trees alive. (Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You’re putting an added stress on the groundwater basin,” Vlamis said. “In the last year alone, there have been wells in Glenn County that have dropped 32 feet. Nineteen feet in Butte County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vlamis says the problem is that groundwater isn’t regulated in California, so state and federal agencies don’t have a full picture of the impact transfers can have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s shoddy,” she said. “The agencies that are so casual about moving water out of here need to truly analyze what they’re doing to this region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal challenge has raised anxiety levels for districts that were counting on purchasing the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a huge cloud of uncertainty,” Azhderian said. “You’ve got growers that not only have their livelihoods and farms at risk, but they have then dipped into stressed financial resources to make this transfer happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of California’s Water Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water transfers are a way of making water available to people that don’t have old, senior water rights,” said Ellen Hanak, senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water transfers in California first emerged during the 1976-77 drought. “The idea was to stretch the available supplies and do the least economic harm,” Hanak said. “It made sense to allow the market signals to work and allow people to lease that water to folks that were able to pay more for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water transfers have since become commonplace. Earlier this year, Governor Jerry Brown ordered state agencies to \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18496\">speed up their environmental review\u003c/a> of water transfers to help with the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As groundwater levels dropped dramatically in the Central Valley, concerns have emerged about any added pressure to pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Joaquin Valley has experienced the highest levels of groundwater overdraft, but there’s also increased pumping in the Sacramento Valley, generally perceived to have plenty of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re seeing an expansion of orchard crops, including in places that did not used to be irrigated,” Hanak said, “and it’s relying on groundwater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concerns over using groundwater in water transfers tie into larger challenges California is facing in monitoring and managing its underground reservoirs, Hanak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state will look carefully at a transfer to make sure that you aren’t selling water out of a river or lake that someone downstream of you would be using,” she said. “But because California does not have statewide regulation of groundwater, the state doesn’t have the possibility of easily making that assessment about groundwater use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some counties have taken matters into their own hands and have passed rules that effectively ban the sale of groundwater outside county lines. In Merced County, where controversy over the groundwater sale continues, county supervisors have said they’re looking into that policy.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18422\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18422\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS3535_IMG_4245-scr-e1402709630380.jpg\" alt=\"Oracle's headquarters in Redwood Shores is built on landfill in an area that was once marsh. (Molly Samuel/KQED with aerial support from LightHawk)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oracle’s headquarters in Redwood Shores is built on landfill in an area that was once marsh. (Molly Samuel/KQED with aerial support from LightHawk)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rising seas will likely lead to unprecedented flooding along parts of California’s coast within 20-60 years, according to new research by Climate Central.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driven by climate change, global sea levels have already risen several inches over the past century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help people learn about flooding risks in their communities, \u003ca href=\"http://ss2.climatecentral.org/index.html#9/37.7631/-122.0856?show=satellite&level=3&pois=show\">Climate Central\u003c/a> has released a new version of an online tool that explores flood risks by zip code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using an interactive map, Bay Area residents can zoom in on their region to find out if flooding will impact their homes as well as nearby schools, power plants, and hospitals. The “\u003ca href=\"http://sealevel.climatecentral.org/\">Surging Seas\u003c/a>” website includes an interactive map, graphics, and other information to help people better understand the potential risks of sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The online tool also highlights who will be affected by severe flooding. Ngoc Nguyen of \u003ca href=\"http://newamericamedia.org/news/environment/sea-level-rise/index.php\">New America Media\u003c/a>, which collaborated on the interactive tool, says that low-income and communities of color will be most impacted by sea level rise. “We found that communities are responding, but there is a dangerous information gap about sea level rise and policies to address it among impacted ethnic communities,” says Nguyen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the map below, you can adjust the blue water level slider to see how rising water will affect coastal land. But don’t crank the slider up to 10 just yet. According to Dr. Ben Strauss of Climate Central, setting the water level to 3 feet will give a more realistic view of Bay Area flooding risks in the next few decades. Zoom in on San Mateo County and you can see how it could be ground zero for flooding in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0px;width: 100%;height: 530px\" src=\"http://ss2.climatecentral.org/widget.html#9/37.7631/-122.0856?show=satellite&level=3&pois=show\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using projected sea level rise and historic storm data, Climate Central’s research found that floods would reach greater than 3 feet above the high tide line every year by 2060 at study sites from San Diego to Los Angeles, and by 2070 in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Strauss, the interactive map should not be taken as a specific prediction of what is to come, but rather as an indication of future flood risk. Drawing on data from more than 10 federal agencies, Climate Central is creating tools for every coastal state in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the map below, you can adjust the blue water level slider to see how rising water will affect coastal land. But don’t crank the slider up to 10 just yet. According to Dr. Ben Strauss of Climate Central, setting the water level to 3 feet will give a more realistic view of Bay Area flooding risks in the next few decades. Zoom in on San Mateo County and you can see how it could be ground zero for flooding in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border: 0px;width: 100%;height: 530px\" src=\"http://ss2.climatecentral.org/widget.html#9/37.7631/-122.0856?show=satellite&level=3&pois=show\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using projected sea level rise and historic storm data, Climate Central’s research found that floods would reach greater than 3 feet above the high tide line every year by 2060 at study sites from San Diego to Los Angeles, and by 2070 in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Strauss, the interactive map should not be taken as a specific prediction of what is to come, but rather as an indication of future flood risk. Drawing on data from more than 10 federal agencies, Climate Central is creating tools for every coastal state in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Drought Dries Up Honey Supply",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/06/20140616science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Alice Daniel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18342\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10813_Honey-Drought-007-hpf-e1402618479319.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18342\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10813_Honey-Drought-007-hpf-e1402618479319.jpg\" alt=\"A beekeeper for Bradshaw Honey Farm wears protective clothing to check the health of the bees. The bees don't have enough wildflowers to make honey. Instead, owner David Bradshaw is just trying to keep his bees alive.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beekeeper Chris DePrada wears protective clothing to check the health of the bees for Bradshaw Honey Farm.(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These are hard times for honeybees; colonies are collapsing for reasons ranging from pesticides to parasites. And with this year’s pitiful rainfall in California, bees are facing another plight: There’s a lot less natural forage to make honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second-generation beekeeper David Bradshaw pulls his truck up alongside wooden boxes of beehives on a farm outside the Central Valley town of Visalia. Soon, a loud mechanical sound – some would say a beekeeper’s buzz kill – drowns out the lively drone of bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a pump,” explains Bradshaw. His hungry insects aren’t getting enough natural nectar, so Bradshaw has to feed them. “It sucks the syrup blend out of that tank, and pumps it into that garden hose. Then we go from hive to hive and fill up these little feeders here. They hold about a gallon of syrup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10821_Honey-Drought-015-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18406\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10821_Honey-Drought-015-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Beekeeper Angel Corona feeds the bees a sweet syrup to keep them from starving during the summer at Bradshaw Honey Farm. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beekeeper Angel Corona feeds the bees a sweet syrup to keep them from starving during the summer at Bradshaw Honey Farm. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bradshaw will spend about $80,000 on artificial nectar this summer just to keep his colonies from starving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a normal year, Bradshaw takes his bees to hills laden with wildflowers. But this year, those hills are bone dry and they look barren. Plants are mostly dormant, and that means the natural nectar production line is shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When wildflowers do bloom, they make nectar from sugar and water. Bees use the nectar to make honey. But a drought means less water, less nectar and less honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Bradshaw is keeping his bees on the valley floor. In addition to the syrup, he’s feeding them a doughy protein supplement: soy flour, brewer’s yeast, vitamins and minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18343\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10825_Honey-Drought-020-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18343 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10825_Honey-Drought-020-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Beekeeper David Bradshaw feeds his bees a doughy protein supplement in addition to a sugary syrup. Bradshaw says he'll spend about $80,000 to feed his bees this summer. Typically he would take them to hills laden with wildflowers but this year those hills are bone dry because of the drought. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The protein supplement that beekeeper David Bradshaw feeds his bees sits on top of a hive. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s good enough to keep the bees going, but it’s no substitute for the nectar used to make honey. That’s one reason Bradshaw sent 700 of his hives to Kansas, to feast on bee pastures there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just load them up on a semi truck and send them off,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s like sending his kids off to summer camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry! If they run into some bad weather where it gets too hot,” Bradshaw says. “You don’t want to be stuck on the side of the road in a broken truck with a bunch of angry bees in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You can tell the bees are hungry.’ \u003ccite>— David Bradshaw, Beekeeper\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Bradshaw’s been keeping bees for 40 years. His 3,800 hives typically produce about 250 barrels of honey a year. In the past three years, because of the drought and lack of wildflower nectar, his bees have been producing one-tenth of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can tell the bees are hungry,” Bradshaw says. “They’re all over the truck. If there was nectar available, they wouldn’t even be around the truck. They smell the syrup there so they’re all over it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His bees fed, Bradshaw gets back in his truck. As he drives over a bridge spanning an empty riverbed, he says small packers from Santa Cruz to Ojai have called him begging for honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Especially the more exotic honeys like sage honey or buckwheat honey,” he says. “Even alfalfa honey is gonna be in very, very short supply this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crops like alfalfa and cotton are less abundant this year because there’s not enough water to irrigate them. So beekeepers are leaning heavily on one crop: oranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beekeeper Steve Godlin watches the sticky orange blossom honey move slowly down a chute at his warehouse outside the little town of Exeter, not far from the Sierra foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to the production line where the wax gets separated from the honey and the honey gets pumped down to a tank. “That’s where we fill the barrels,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18411\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10827_Honey-Drought-022-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18411\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10827_Honey-Drought-022-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Shop foreman Manuel Salas removes the wooden frames after honey is extracted from the honey combs. He works for Godlin Bees east of Visalia. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shop foreman Manuel Salas removes the wooden frames after honey is extracted from the honey combs. He works for Godlin Bees east of Visalia. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In wet years, Godlin runs his bees from the Coast Ranges to the Mojave Desert and he can make a million pounds of honey. This year he’ll produce half that much, and with less variety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On those wet years, there’s sage, buckwheat, blue curl, tarweed, manzanita, a lot of different plants,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On dry years, oranges are his best bet. But oranges are a crowded field. Beekeepers come from all over the country to plant their hives amid the sweet-smelling orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody and their brother wanted to bring their bees to the oranges,” Godlin says. “I do my best to protect my areas but it’s a free country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”916b3d5922f79e5bc384a9570b517551″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gene Brandi, vice president of the American Beekeeping Federation, says California is typically a major honey-producing state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In years when California receives adequate rainfall and especially in years when California receives above-normal rainfall, like the El Niño years, California is the number one honey-producing state in the nation,” Brandi says. “We’ve done that many times in the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honey production in the state varies considerably from year to year, but in a drought year it typically gets cut by about half. This year, Brandi says, it might be worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen a year like this when it’s not only dry but the irrigation water is so scarce,” Brandi says. “I think the honey production in California will likely be one of the lowest levels we’ve seen in a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile wholesale honey prices are the highest Brandi has ever seen, averaging $2 a pound. That’s great for beekeepers, he says, if only they had more to sell.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Mountain meadows that would normally be covered with wildflowers have nothing to offer the bees this year, as the flowers lie dormant in the drought. Beekeepers are looking at drastically reduced production, and in some cases are just trying to keep their bees alive.\r\n",
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"description": "Mountain meadows that would normally be covered with wildflowers have nothing to offer the bees this year, as the flowers lie dormant in the drought. Beekeepers are looking at drastically reduced production, and in some cases are just trying to keep their bees alive.\r\n",
"title": "California Drought Dries Up Honey Supply | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Alice Daniel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18342\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10813_Honey-Drought-007-hpf-e1402618479319.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18342\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10813_Honey-Drought-007-hpf-e1402618479319.jpg\" alt=\"A beekeeper for Bradshaw Honey Farm wears protective clothing to check the health of the bees. The bees don't have enough wildflowers to make honey. Instead, owner David Bradshaw is just trying to keep his bees alive.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beekeeper Chris DePrada wears protective clothing to check the health of the bees for Bradshaw Honey Farm.(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These are hard times for honeybees; colonies are collapsing for reasons ranging from pesticides to parasites. And with this year’s pitiful rainfall in California, bees are facing another plight: There’s a lot less natural forage to make honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second-generation beekeeper David Bradshaw pulls his truck up alongside wooden boxes of beehives on a farm outside the Central Valley town of Visalia. Soon, a loud mechanical sound – some would say a beekeeper’s buzz kill – drowns out the lively drone of bees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a pump,” explains Bradshaw. His hungry insects aren’t getting enough natural nectar, so Bradshaw has to feed them. “It sucks the syrup blend out of that tank, and pumps it into that garden hose. Then we go from hive to hive and fill up these little feeders here. They hold about a gallon of syrup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18406\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10821_Honey-Drought-015-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18406\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10821_Honey-Drought-015-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Beekeeper Angel Corona feeds the bees a sweet syrup to keep them from starving during the summer at Bradshaw Honey Farm. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beekeeper Angel Corona feeds the bees a sweet syrup to keep them from starving during the summer at Bradshaw Honey Farm. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bradshaw will spend about $80,000 on artificial nectar this summer just to keep his colonies from starving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a normal year, Bradshaw takes his bees to hills laden with wildflowers. But this year, those hills are bone dry and they look barren. Plants are mostly dormant, and that means the natural nectar production line is shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When wildflowers do bloom, they make nectar from sugar and water. Bees use the nectar to make honey. But a drought means less water, less nectar and less honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Bradshaw is keeping his bees on the valley floor. In addition to the syrup, he’s feeding them a doughy protein supplement: soy flour, brewer’s yeast, vitamins and minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18343\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10825_Honey-Drought-020-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18343 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10825_Honey-Drought-020-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Beekeeper David Bradshaw feeds his bees a doughy protein supplement in addition to a sugary syrup. Bradshaw says he'll spend about $80,000 to feed his bees this summer. Typically he would take them to hills laden with wildflowers but this year those hills are bone dry because of the drought. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The protein supplement that beekeeper David Bradshaw feeds his bees sits on top of a hive. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s good enough to keep the bees going, but it’s no substitute for the nectar used to make honey. That’s one reason Bradshaw sent 700 of his hives to Kansas, to feast on bee pastures there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just load them up on a semi truck and send them off,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s like sending his kids off to summer camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I worry! If they run into some bad weather where it gets too hot,” Bradshaw says. “You don’t want to be stuck on the side of the road in a broken truck with a bunch of angry bees in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You can tell the bees are hungry.’ \u003ccite>— David Bradshaw, Beekeeper\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Bradshaw’s been keeping bees for 40 years. His 3,800 hives typically produce about 250 barrels of honey a year. In the past three years, because of the drought and lack of wildflower nectar, his bees have been producing one-tenth of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can tell the bees are hungry,” Bradshaw says. “They’re all over the truck. If there was nectar available, they wouldn’t even be around the truck. They smell the syrup there so they’re all over it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His bees fed, Bradshaw gets back in his truck. As he drives over a bridge spanning an empty riverbed, he says small packers from Santa Cruz to Ojai have called him begging for honey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Especially the more exotic honeys like sage honey or buckwheat honey,” he says. “Even alfalfa honey is gonna be in very, very short supply this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crops like alfalfa and cotton are less abundant this year because there’s not enough water to irrigate them. So beekeepers are leaning heavily on one crop: oranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beekeeper Steve Godlin watches the sticky orange blossom honey move slowly down a chute at his warehouse outside the little town of Exeter, not far from the Sierra foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to the production line where the wax gets separated from the honey and the honey gets pumped down to a tank. “That’s where we fill the barrels,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18411\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10827_Honey-Drought-022-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18411\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS10827_Honey-Drought-022-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"Shop foreman Manuel Salas removes the wooden frames after honey is extracted from the honey combs. He works for Godlin Bees east of Visalia. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shop foreman Manuel Salas removes the wooden frames after honey is extracted from the honey combs. He works for Godlin Bees east of Visalia. (Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In wet years, Godlin runs his bees from the Coast Ranges to the Mojave Desert and he can make a million pounds of honey. This year he’ll produce half that much, and with less variety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On those wet years, there’s sage, buckwheat, blue curl, tarweed, manzanita, a lot of different plants,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On dry years, oranges are his best bet. But oranges are a crowded field. Beekeepers come from all over the country to plant their hives amid the sweet-smelling orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody and their brother wanted to bring their bees to the oranges,” Godlin says. “I do my best to protect my areas but it’s a free country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gene Brandi, vice president of the American Beekeeping Federation, says California is typically a major honey-producing state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In years when California receives adequate rainfall and especially in years when California receives above-normal rainfall, like the El Niño years, California is the number one honey-producing state in the nation,” Brandi says. “We’ve done that many times in the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honey production in the state varies considerably from year to year, but in a drought year it typically gets cut by about half. This year, Brandi says, it might be worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen a year like this when it’s not only dry but the irrigation water is so scarce,” Brandi says. “I think the honey production in California will likely be one of the lowest levels we’ve seen in a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile wholesale honey prices are the highest Brandi has ever seen, averaging $2 a pound. That’s great for beekeepers, he says, if only they had more to sell.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Berkeley Considers CO2 Warning Labels at Gas Pumps",
"headTitle": "Berkeley Considers CO2 Warning Labels at Gas Pumps | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18370\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/gaspump_hosetalker2-e1402694020933.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18370 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/gaspump_hosetalker2-e1402694020933.jpg\" alt=\"A working concept of a gas pump climate change warning labels that the City of Berkeley is considering. (Courtesy 350 Bay Area)\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A working concept of gas pump climate change warning labels that the City of Berkeley is considering. (Courtesy Raymond Pajek)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The City of Berkeley is considering requiring gas stations to display climate change warning labels on gas pumps. Environmental group \u003ca href=\"http://www.350bayarea.org/\">350 Bay Area\u003c/a>, which is leading the “Beyond The Pump” campaign, says the goal is to inform the public about the harmful effects of CO2 emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to change the social context of burning gasoline,” says Jamie Brooks, with 350 Bay Area. Putting messages at the point of sale of gas will influence human behavior, he says. He compared the proposed stickers to the warning labels on cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18384\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 298px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/Gas-Label-cropped-image1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18384 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/Gas-Label-cropped-image1.jpg\" alt=\"A working concept of Berkeley's gas pump warning label. (Courtesy Raymond Pajek)\" width=\"298\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A working concept of Berkeley’s gas pump warning label. (Credit: 350 Bay Area)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Western States Petroleum Association sent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/uploadedFiles/Planning_and_Development/Level_3_-_Commissions/Commission_for_Community_Environmental_Advisory/2014%2006%2012_CEAC_AGN_Item%20XII.b.pdf\">a letter\u003c/a> to the City of Berkeley arguing that the ordinance is unconstitutional. The oil lobby group says it would violate a gas station owner’s right to free speech by compelling them to display statements about “alleged” impacts of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 350 members say the labels would simply cite state laws, such as AB 32, which state that emissions are harmful to humans and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel that the message is accurate and noncontroversial,” said Jack Fleck, a retired transportation engineer and 350 Bay Area member. “It is simply a fact that the state has found that greenhouse gases pose a serious threat to the public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/Community_Environmental_Advisory_Commission/\">Community Environmental Advisory Commission\u003c/a> voted Thursday in favor of drafting an ordinance. The city council could vote on the proposal as early as this fall.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Environmentalists want Berkeley drivers to see a connection between pumping gas and dumping carbon into the atmosphere.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18370\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/gaspump_hosetalker2-e1402694020933.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18370 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/gaspump_hosetalker2-e1402694020933.jpg\" alt=\"A working concept of a gas pump climate change warning labels that the City of Berkeley is considering. (Courtesy 350 Bay Area)\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A working concept of gas pump climate change warning labels that the City of Berkeley is considering. (Courtesy Raymond Pajek)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The City of Berkeley is considering requiring gas stations to display climate change warning labels on gas pumps. Environmental group \u003ca href=\"http://www.350bayarea.org/\">350 Bay Area\u003c/a>, which is leading the “Beyond The Pump” campaign, says the goal is to inform the public about the harmful effects of CO2 emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to change the social context of burning gasoline,” says Jamie Brooks, with 350 Bay Area. Putting messages at the point of sale of gas will influence human behavior, he says. He compared the proposed stickers to the warning labels on cigarettes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18384\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 298px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/Gas-Label-cropped-image1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-18384 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/Gas-Label-cropped-image1.jpg\" alt=\"A working concept of Berkeley's gas pump warning label. (Courtesy Raymond Pajek)\" width=\"298\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A working concept of Berkeley’s gas pump warning label. (Credit: 350 Bay Area)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Western States Petroleum Association sent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/uploadedFiles/Planning_and_Development/Level_3_-_Commissions/Commission_for_Community_Environmental_Advisory/2014%2006%2012_CEAC_AGN_Item%20XII.b.pdf\">a letter\u003c/a> to the City of Berkeley arguing that the ordinance is unconstitutional. The oil lobby group says it would violate a gas station owner’s right to free speech by compelling them to display statements about “alleged” impacts of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 350 members say the labels would simply cite state laws, such as AB 32, which state that emissions are harmful to humans and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel that the message is accurate and noncontroversial,” said Jack Fleck, a retired transportation engineer and 350 Bay Area member. “It is simply a fact that the state has found that greenhouse gases pose a serious threat to the public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/Community_Environmental_Advisory_Commission/\">Community Environmental Advisory Commission\u003c/a> voted Thursday in favor of drafting an ordinance. The city council could vote on the proposal as early as this fall.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California's Not Ready for Influx of Oil Trains, Says Report",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-15986\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/tankcarsrichmond-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"Tank cars parked in Richmond. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tank cars parked in Richmond. BNSF Railway has been bringing crude oil to this railyard. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trains carrying oil can pose serious risks to public safety and the environment, and California isn’t prepared, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.caloes.ca.gov/HazardousMaterials/Pages/Oil-By-Rail.aspx\">report released by state agencies\u003c/a> this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crude-by-rail is a growing concern, as an oil boom in North Dakota has meant increasing amounts of crude traveling to refineries by rail. A series of fiery derailments in the past year, including one that killed 47 people in a Quebec town, has focused attention on the need to prevent accidents and be prepared for emergency response.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Even though we haven’t had an accident, which is great, we want to be able to respond to it when there is an accident.’\u003ccite>— Kelly Huston, Office of Emergency Services\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The report warns that a derailment in California could kill people, destroy neighborhoods, damage water supplies and threaten natural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though we haven’t had an accident, which is great, we want to be able to respond to it when there is an accident,” said Kelly Huston, a deputy director at the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (OES). “With the increase in the amount of crude oil on rail coming through California’s cities and counties, we believe there should be some increased training for first responders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report was released by an inter-agency group that includes the OES, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife and the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), among others. It recommends boosting funding for emergency responder training, and for equipment to handle hazardous material accidents. It also supports an item in Governor Jerry Brown’s proposed budget that would provide more money to the Office of Oil Spill Prevention and Response, which has focused on marine oil spills in the past, but is now preparing for the possibility of inland spills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not all about accident response; there are also recommendations for prevention. Most rail regulation is up to the federal government; the CPUC helps enforce safety rules with its own rail inspectors. There are 52 of them, responsible for monitoring more than 5,400 miles of track in the state. “This staffing level is seriously inadequate,” the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul King, deputy director for the rail safety at the CPUC, said the Governor’s budget aims to help. “To meet the volume of trains and the magnitude of the risk that [crude-by-rail] presents,” King said, “the Governor has put in his budget for extra staffing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ac3ac42f887db458c1a7bc05dd24482c”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other gaps the state cannot fill alone. As the CPUC pointed out \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/NR/rdonlyres/7945B5AC-B200-431B-A8C4-648AB1BEAB2D/0/2013AnnualReporttotheLegRNCV.pdf\">in a report released last year\u003c/a>, there is only one federal railroad bridge inspector for 11 Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also raised the need for more information. As of last weekend, railroads that are transporting large shipments of Bakken, the volatile crude oil from North Dakota, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/06/crude-by-rail-more-information-coming-to-california/\">must notify states\u003c/a>. Huston of the OES said he got the first batch of documents Monday, but he said they’re of limited use and not timely enough. He said the OES is following up with BNSF and the federal Department of Transportation, the agency that issued the notification order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huston said he’d also like to see a map that the public could access, showing where the oil train shipments are headed. The railroads are \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/06/09/6470835/fight-over-crude-oil-transports.html\">resisting releasing information\u003c/a> about crude shipments to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of California’s oil comes either from within the state or overseas, and travels to refineries here by pipeline or ship. And that’s still the case. According the the California Energy Commission, only about one percent of California’s crude came by train in 2013. But trains carrying oil are becoming more frequent, and the CEC projects that by 2016, trains could be bringing in about 23 percent of California’s crude.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Crude-by-rail has been a growing concern as an oil boom in North Dakota has meant more and more crude is traveling to refineries by rail. A series of fiery derailments in the past year has focused attention on the need for accident prevention and emergency response preparation. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-15986\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/tankcarsrichmond-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"Tank cars parked in Richmond. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tank cars parked in Richmond. BNSF Railway has been bringing crude oil to this railyard. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trains carrying oil can pose serious risks to public safety and the environment, and California isn’t prepared, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.caloes.ca.gov/HazardousMaterials/Pages/Oil-By-Rail.aspx\">report released by state agencies\u003c/a> this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crude-by-rail is a growing concern, as an oil boom in North Dakota has meant increasing amounts of crude traveling to refineries by rail. A series of fiery derailments in the past year, including one that killed 47 people in a Quebec town, has focused attention on the need to prevent accidents and be prepared for emergency response.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Even though we haven’t had an accident, which is great, we want to be able to respond to it when there is an accident.’\u003ccite>— Kelly Huston, Office of Emergency Services\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The report warns that a derailment in California could kill people, destroy neighborhoods, damage water supplies and threaten natural areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though we haven’t had an accident, which is great, we want to be able to respond to it when there is an accident,” said Kelly Huston, a deputy director at the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services (OES). “With the increase in the amount of crude oil on rail coming through California’s cities and counties, we believe there should be some increased training for first responders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report was released by an inter-agency group that includes the OES, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife and the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), among others. It recommends boosting funding for emergency responder training, and for equipment to handle hazardous material accidents. It also supports an item in Governor Jerry Brown’s proposed budget that would provide more money to the Office of Oil Spill Prevention and Response, which has focused on marine oil spills in the past, but is now preparing for the possibility of inland spills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not all about accident response; there are also recommendations for prevention. Most rail regulation is up to the federal government; the CPUC helps enforce safety rules with its own rail inspectors. There are 52 of them, responsible for monitoring more than 5,400 miles of track in the state. “This staffing level is seriously inadequate,” the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul King, deputy director for the rail safety at the CPUC, said the Governor’s budget aims to help. “To meet the volume of trains and the magnitude of the risk that [crude-by-rail] presents,” King said, “the Governor has put in his budget for extra staffing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other gaps the state cannot fill alone. As the CPUC pointed out \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/NR/rdonlyres/7945B5AC-B200-431B-A8C4-648AB1BEAB2D/0/2013AnnualReporttotheLegRNCV.pdf\">in a report released last year\u003c/a>, there is only one federal railroad bridge inspector for 11 Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also raised the need for more information. As of last weekend, railroads that are transporting large shipments of Bakken, the volatile crude oil from North Dakota, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/06/crude-by-rail-more-information-coming-to-california/\">must notify states\u003c/a>. Huston of the OES said he got the first batch of documents Monday, but he said they’re of limited use and not timely enough. He said the OES is following up with BNSF and the federal Department of Transportation, the agency that issued the notification order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huston said he’d also like to see a map that the public could access, showing where the oil train shipments are headed. The railroads are \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/2014/06/09/6470835/fight-over-crude-oil-transports.html\">resisting releasing information\u003c/a> about crude shipments to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of California’s oil comes either from within the state or overseas, and travels to refineries here by pipeline or ship. And that’s still the case. According the the California Energy Commission, only about one percent of California’s crude came by train in 2013. But trains carrying oil are becoming more frequent, and the CEC projects that by 2016, trains could be bringing in about 23 percent of California’s crude.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Drought Outlook: 'Disastrous Consequences' If 2015 Is Dry",
"headTitle": "Drought Outlook: ‘Disastrous Consequences’ If 2015 Is Dry | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18284\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS8926_Drought_JoshC-4394-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18284\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS8926_Drought_JoshC-4394-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"An idle tractor appears to stand vigil over fallowed farm acreage in the San Joaquin Valley. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An idle tractor appears to stand vigil over fallowed farm acreage in the San Joaquin Valley. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The assertion in a new report on California’s long-term water woes likely comes as no surprise to most Californians:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A dry 2015 would have disastrous consequences for agencies and sectors up and down the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ominous prediction is part of a “\u003ca title=\"ACWA - policy paper\" href=\"http://www.acwa.com/sites/default/files/post/water-supply-challenges/2014/06/final-drought-action-report.pdf\">drought action report\u003c/a>” released this week by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a>, whose members manage about 90 percent of Californians’ water. The document attempts to identify key vulnerabilities to the state’s water system and offers recommendations that its authors say could stave off the worst impacts of a protracted drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hundreds of thousands of acres of annual and permanent crops throughout the state would be idled,” the report goes on, “affecting the growers, local communities, related industries and the statewide economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By example, it specifically mentions the Oakdale Irrigation District, which the report says will likely run through all its water reserves just to get through this year, “so if 2015 is dry, the district would likely need to idle nearly one-third of its acreage, or 20,000 acres.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It gets worse:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In a worst case scenario for the agricultural industry, cotton production in California’s San Joaquin Valley could cease completely, resulting in severe economic losses from crop revenue, employment, shipping and more. Even agencies with \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/drought-drives-drilling-frenzy-for-groundwater-in-california/\">access to groundwater\u003c/a> in 2014 would likely have to contend with an increasing number of challenges including reduced water quality, higher energy costs, and subsidence.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>These kinds of projections loom especially scary since there’s no way to know what next year will bring. California has had \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/megadroughts-four-points-to-put-californias-dry-times-in-perspective/\">multi-decade “megadroughts”\u003c/a> in the distant past and weathered a six-year drought from 1987-92 — but that drought did not have the precipitous nature of this one. Three years into \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Drought Watch\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/?=science_widget\">the current dry spell\u003c/a>, the state has already logged its driest calendar year on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/sutterslough-4986-112_crop_DWR.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18263\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/sutterslough-4986-112_crop_DWR.jpg\" alt=\"A rock barrier to block saltwater migration in 1976. (DWR)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rock barrier installed to block saltwater migration into the Delta in 1976. (DWR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another year like this one would almost certainly force some extreme countermeasures that officials hope to avoid. Earlier this year, plans were laid for a $30 million series of rock barriers, designed to keep saltwater from pushing deeper into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta — something that hasn’t been necessary since the epic drought of 1976-77. Officials shelved those plans when river flows perked up after some rains in February, but would most likely need to revive the plan after another dry winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The odds of another 2014 are really low.’ \u003ccite>— Jeanine Jones, DWR\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But forecasters say the odds are on our side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Statistically speaking the odds of a fourth dry year are low and the odds of ‘another 2014’ are really low,” says Jeanine Jones, deputy drought manager with the California Department of Water Resources. What’s more likely, says Jones, is a “mixed cycle” comprising several consecutive dry years, interspersed with an occasional wet one, akin to what the Colorado River has seen over the past 11 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/05/08/california-drought-hopes-rising-for-el-nino/\">don’t count on El Niño\u003c/a> to bail us out. Although the legendary harbinger of rain has been on everyone’s lips like a mantra lately, much of the periodic warming in the Pacific Ocean’s link to precipitation is more legend than reality. Though \u003ca title=\"NOAA - CPC - ENSO\" href=\"http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/\">current forecasts\u003c/a> call for moderate El Niño conditions to be in place by this fall, the correlation between El Niño and California precipitation is relatively shaky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately,” says Jones, “the science of seasonal climate forecasting is not very good at this point.” It’s likely to be December or later before we have a sense of whether the drought will hang around for a fourth year. If it does, water managers don’t want to contemplate the potential mayhem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked at a Sacramento drought briefing what the farm belt was doing to gird for another drought year, Terry Erlewine, general manager of State Water Contractors said, “There’s no way you can plan for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Ottemoeller, water resources manager at the Friant Water Authority noted that whatever carry-over supply there is this year will be gone after another dry winter. “They’re probably as ready as they can be,” he said of his ag customers in the San Joaquin Valley. “Most of them are just trying to get through this year.” He also predicted that the water wars would intensify in the courts. “A lot of the preparation will be gearing up for the fight.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18284\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS8926_Drought_JoshC-4394-hpf.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18284\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/RS8926_Drought_JoshC-4394-hpf.jpg\" alt=\"An idle tractor appears to stand vigil over fallowed farm acreage in the San Joaquin Valley. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An idle tractor appears to stand vigil over fallowed farm acreage in the San Joaquin Valley. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The assertion in a new report on California’s long-term water woes likely comes as no surprise to most Californians:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A dry 2015 would have disastrous consequences for agencies and sectors up and down the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ominous prediction is part of a “\u003ca title=\"ACWA - policy paper\" href=\"http://www.acwa.com/sites/default/files/post/water-supply-challenges/2014/06/final-drought-action-report.pdf\">drought action report\u003c/a>” released this week by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a>, whose members manage about 90 percent of Californians’ water. The document attempts to identify key vulnerabilities to the state’s water system and offers recommendations that its authors say could stave off the worst impacts of a protracted drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hundreds of thousands of acres of annual and permanent crops throughout the state would be idled,” the report goes on, “affecting the growers, local communities, related industries and the statewide economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By example, it specifically mentions the Oakdale Irrigation District, which the report says will likely run through all its water reserves just to get through this year, “so if 2015 is dry, the district would likely need to idle nearly one-third of its acreage, or 20,000 acres.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It gets worse:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In a worst case scenario for the agricultural industry, cotton production in California’s San Joaquin Valley could cease completely, resulting in severe economic losses from crop revenue, employment, shipping and more. Even agencies with \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/drought-drives-drilling-frenzy-for-groundwater-in-california/\">access to groundwater\u003c/a> in 2014 would likely have to contend with an increasing number of challenges including reduced water quality, higher energy costs, and subsidence.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>These kinds of projections loom especially scary since there’s no way to know what next year will bring. California has had \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/megadroughts-four-points-to-put-californias-dry-times-in-perspective/\">multi-decade “megadroughts”\u003c/a> in the distant past and weathered a six-year drought from 1987-92 — but that drought did not have the precipitous nature of this one. Three years into \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - Drought Watch\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/california-drought-watch/?=science_widget\">the current dry spell\u003c/a>, the state has already logged its driest calendar year on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/sutterslough-4986-112_crop_DWR.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18263\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/sutterslough-4986-112_crop_DWR.jpg\" alt=\"A rock barrier to block saltwater migration in 1976. (DWR)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rock barrier installed to block saltwater migration into the Delta in 1976. (DWR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another year like this one would almost certainly force some extreme countermeasures that officials hope to avoid. Earlier this year, plans were laid for a $30 million series of rock barriers, designed to keep saltwater from pushing deeper into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta — something that hasn’t been necessary since the epic drought of 1976-77. Officials shelved those plans when river flows perked up after some rains in February, but would most likely need to revive the plan after another dry winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The odds of another 2014 are really low.’ \u003ccite>— Jeanine Jones, DWR\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But forecasters say the odds are on our side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Statistically speaking the odds of a fourth dry year are low and the odds of ‘another 2014’ are really low,” says Jeanine Jones, deputy drought manager with the California Department of Water Resources. What’s more likely, says Jones, is a “mixed cycle” comprising several consecutive dry years, interspersed with an occasional wet one, akin to what the Colorado River has seen over the past 11 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/05/08/california-drought-hopes-rising-for-el-nino/\">don’t count on El Niño\u003c/a> to bail us out. Although the legendary harbinger of rain has been on everyone’s lips like a mantra lately, much of the periodic warming in the Pacific Ocean’s link to precipitation is more legend than reality. Though \u003ca title=\"NOAA - CPC - ENSO\" href=\"http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/\">current forecasts\u003c/a> call for moderate El Niño conditions to be in place by this fall, the correlation between El Niño and California precipitation is relatively shaky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately,” says Jones, “the science of seasonal climate forecasting is not very good at this point.” It’s likely to be December or later before we have a sense of whether the drought will hang around for a fourth year. If it does, water managers don’t want to contemplate the potential mayhem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked at a Sacramento drought briefing what the farm belt was doing to gird for another drought year, Terry Erlewine, general manager of State Water Contractors said, “There’s no way you can plan for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Ottemoeller, water resources manager at the Friant Water Authority noted that whatever carry-over supply there is this year will be gone after another dry winter. “They’re probably as ready as they can be,” he said of his ag customers in the San Joaquin Valley. “Most of them are just trying to get through this year.” He also predicted that the water wars would intensify in the courts. “A lot of the preparation will be gearing up for the fight.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Dueling Drought Strategies: Save More Water or Store More Water",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/TCCWD-Reservoir-3-011714-fs.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/TCCWD-Reservoir-3-011714-fs.jpg\" alt=\"Low water levels at a reservoir near Jenner. (Timber Cove County Water District)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low water levels at a reservoir near Jenner. (Timber Cove County Water District)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt that in California, water is in short supply this year. How to avoid the same situation when the next drought descends is, on the other hand, a matter of debate. Two competing camps have emerged about how to boost California’s water supplies during dry times: conserve more water or build more water storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California has pursued both strategies in the past, two new reports released Tuesday make differing cases for how the state should spend limited resources to solve California’s water woes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conserve More Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water conservation could save more water than is used by all of California’s cities in a year, \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/ca-water-supply-solutions/\">according to a report\u003c/a> from the Pacific Institute and the Natural Resources Defense Council, an estimated 14 million acre-feet (one acre-foot of water is about 326,000 gallons).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’ve hit peak water.’\u003ccite>–Peter Gleick, Pacific Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California is already using more water than it has, says Peter Gleick of the Pacific Institute. In any given year, the state runs a 6 million acre-foot water deficit, according to the report. That water shortage is made up by pumping groundwater and drawing water from stressed ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve hit the wall in California,” says Gleick. “We’ve hit ‘peak water.’ Even in a normal year or a wet year, we’re overextended.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of the water savings could come from the agricultural sector, which accounts for 80 percent of water used by people in California. Switching more agricultural acres to drip irrigation and using precision scheduling to time irrigation could save 17 to 22 percent – or 5.6 to 6.6 million acre-feet of water annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got a million acres of land that’s under flood irrigation that could go to drip,” says Bob Wilkinson, adjunct associate professor of Environmental Science & Management at University of California Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other strategies include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Urban area water efficiency – shifting to drought-tolerant landscaping, accelerating the adoption of water-efficient appliances and fixing leaks in the urban water system.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Water reuse – using recycled water to irrigate landscaping and crops, installing graywater systems (to catch water that goes down the drain) in homes and businesses, and using recycled water to recharge groundwater basins.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stormwater capture – catching runoff with rainwater barrels and cisterns at homes and businesses, as well as directing runoff to recharge groundwater.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The report did not examine the cost of the technologies, but Gleick says they’ve been shown to be cost-effective, particularly in comparison to desalination or building new dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Store More Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report hit the streets on the same day as \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/blog/acwa-report-puts-drought-impacts-vulnerabilities-vivid-focus\">another list of suggestions\u003c/a> for long-term water fixes from the state’s local and regional water agencies. While there is common ground between the two reports (both advocate strongly for using more reclaimed water), the manifesto from the Association of California Water Agencies takes a markedly different approach; three of the 10 key recommendations from ACWA involve expanding the state’s infrastructure for storing and moving water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if ACWA accepts the premise that there are millions of acre-feet that could be tapped without pouring more concrete, ACWA executive director Tim Quinn replied, “The bottom line is, we don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not any more true today than it has been in the past that recycling and conservation will save us all by themselves,” Quinn said. “That’s the premise of the NRDC report and…we just don’t buy it.” Nonetheless, Quinn says that water agencies are already pursuing many conservation and recycling strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACWA report recommends immediate funding for “shovel-ready” projects like building interconnections between water systems. It also recommends increasing water storage through groundwater and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply/\">surface water projects\u003c/a>, like completing Sites Reservoir or modernizing existing dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also recommends some water conservation strategies, like building water recycling projects, desalination plants and increasing conservation efforts by water agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funding for any of these strategies will be largely tied up in the 2014 Water Bond, still slated for the November ballot. State legislators \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/11/state-senate-panel-passes-democrat-backed-water-bond\">have been debating\u003c/a> how the bond should be revised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Science Editor Craig Miller contributed to this post\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/TCCWD-Reservoir-3-011714-fs.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-18251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/06/TCCWD-Reservoir-3-011714-fs.jpg\" alt=\"Low water levels at a reservoir near Jenner. (Timber Cove County Water District)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low water levels at a reservoir near Jenner. (Timber Cove County Water District)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt that in California, water is in short supply this year. How to avoid the same situation when the next drought descends is, on the other hand, a matter of debate. Two competing camps have emerged about how to boost California’s water supplies during dry times: conserve more water or build more water storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California has pursued both strategies in the past, two new reports released Tuesday make differing cases for how the state should spend limited resources to solve California’s water woes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conserve More Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water conservation could save more water than is used by all of California’s cities in a year, \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/ca-water-supply-solutions/\">according to a report\u003c/a> from the Pacific Institute and the Natural Resources Defense Council, an estimated 14 million acre-feet (one acre-foot of water is about 326,000 gallons).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’ve hit peak water.’\u003ccite>–Peter Gleick, Pacific Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California is already using more water than it has, says Peter Gleick of the Pacific Institute. In any given year, the state runs a 6 million acre-foot water deficit, according to the report. That water shortage is made up by pumping groundwater and drawing water from stressed ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve hit the wall in California,” says Gleick. “We’ve hit ‘peak water.’ Even in a normal year or a wet year, we’re overextended.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of the water savings could come from the agricultural sector, which accounts for 80 percent of water used by people in California. Switching more agricultural acres to drip irrigation and using precision scheduling to time irrigation could save 17 to 22 percent – or 5.6 to 6.6 million acre-feet of water annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got a million acres of land that’s under flood irrigation that could go to drip,” says Bob Wilkinson, adjunct associate professor of Environmental Science & Management at University of California Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other strategies include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Urban area water efficiency – shifting to drought-tolerant landscaping, accelerating the adoption of water-efficient appliances and fixing leaks in the urban water system.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Water reuse – using recycled water to irrigate landscaping and crops, installing graywater systems (to catch water that goes down the drain) in homes and businesses, and using recycled water to recharge groundwater basins.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stormwater capture – catching runoff with rainwater barrels and cisterns at homes and businesses, as well as directing runoff to recharge groundwater.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The report did not examine the cost of the technologies, but Gleick says they’ve been shown to be cost-effective, particularly in comparison to desalination or building new dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Store More Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report hit the streets on the same day as \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/blog/acwa-report-puts-drought-impacts-vulnerabilities-vivid-focus\">another list of suggestions\u003c/a> for long-term water fixes from the state’s local and regional water agencies. While there is common ground between the two reports (both advocate strongly for using more reclaimed water), the manifesto from the Association of California Water Agencies takes a markedly different approach; three of the 10 key recommendations from ACWA involve expanding the state’s infrastructure for storing and moving water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if ACWA accepts the premise that there are millions of acre-feet that could be tapped without pouring more concrete, ACWA executive director Tim Quinn replied, “The bottom line is, we don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not any more true today than it has been in the past that recycling and conservation will save us all by themselves,” Quinn said. “That’s the premise of the NRDC report and…we just don’t buy it.” Nonetheless, Quinn says that water agencies are already pursuing many conservation and recycling strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACWA report recommends immediate funding for “shovel-ready” projects like building interconnections between water systems. It also recommends increasing water storage through groundwater and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply/\">surface water projects\u003c/a>, like completing Sites Reservoir or modernizing existing dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also recommends some water conservation strategies, like building water recycling projects, desalination plants and increasing conservation efforts by water agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funding for any of these strategies will be largely tied up in the 2014 Water Bond, still slated for the November ballot. State legislators \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/11/state-senate-panel-passes-democrat-backed-water-bond\">have been debating\u003c/a> how the bond should be revised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Science Editor Craig Miller contributed to this post\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Survivors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Disaster Fear Being Forgotten",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/477410077.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-138165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/477410077-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"An elderly woman holds a container filled with fish given by her neighbor outside her temporary house. (Yuriko Nakao/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An elderly woman holds a container filled with fish given by her neighbor outside her temporary house. (Yuriko Nakao/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three years after a massive earthquake and tsunami caused a meltdown of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant more than 100,000 former residents remain displaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Japan, the government is forging ahead with plans to decontaminate and reopen the area currently deemed a “no-go zone,” but former residents have mixed feelings about returning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim spoke with Associated Press reporter \u003ca href=\"http://yurikageyama.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yuri Kageyama\u003c/a> about the cleanup efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘What we have lost can’t be measured in money.’\u003ccite>– Shigetoshi Suzuki, former resident of Tomioka, Japan\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\n\u003cp>Many residents are concerned about the unknown health effects of radiation. After Chernobyl, there was a \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/backgrounder/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">large increase in people with thyroid cancer \u003c/a>who were young children and adolescents at the time of the accident and lived in the most contaminated areas of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may never know because it is very difficult to link individual sicknesses with whatever causes that sickness,” Kageyama said. “So the fear just keeps building, the distress keeps building and the people are still there living every day with that uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents say they are afraid to publicly voice their concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of pressure on these people not to complain, and also there’s a lot of pressure on them to say their lives are back in order, that we are over the disaster,” Kageyama said. “The perception is prevalent that the government is playing down the bad things and being upbeat about the positive things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of all residents are afraid of being forgotten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish there were more interest, because the people of Fukushima are extremely worried about being forgotten. This is an important story, it’s probably the biggest story of my life. I’ve been with AP for more than 20 years and I think it’s up to us reporters to make sure that important stories are not forgotten,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/152874239&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kageyama will continue to follow the decontamination efforts. You can read her story on Fukushima residents returning below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TOMIOKA, Japan (AP) — Whenever Kazuhiro Onuki goes home, to his real home that is, the 66-year-old former librarian dons protective gear from head to toe and hangs a dosimeter around his neck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grass grows wild in the backyard. The ceiling leaks. Thieves have ransacked the shelves, leaving papers and clothing all over the floor so there is barely room to walk. Mouse dung is scattered like raisins. There is no running water or electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above all, radiation is everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to imagine ever living again in Tomioka, a ghost town about 10 kilometers (6 miles) from the former Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant. And yet more than three years after meltdowns at the plant forced this community of 16,000 people to flee, Onuki can’t quite make the psychological break to start anew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family lived here for four generations. Every time he goes back, he is overcome by emotion. Especially during that brief time in the spring when the cherry blossoms bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They flower as though nothing has happened,” he said. “They are weeping because all the people have left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Japanese government is pushing ahead with efforts to decontaminate and reopen as much of a 20-kilometer (12-mile) no-go zone around the plant as it can. Authorities declared a tiny corner of the zone safe for living as of April 1, and hope to lift evacuation orders in more areas in the coming months and years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former residents have mixed feelings. In their hearts, many want their old lives back. But distrust about the decontamination program runs deep. Will it really be safe? Others among the more than 100,000 displaced have established new lives elsewhere, in the years since the 2011 earthquake and tsunami sent three of Fukushima’s reactors into meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the evacuation order is lifted for their area, they will lose a monthly stipend of 100,000 yen ($1,000) they receive from Tokyo Electric Power Co., the owner of the Fukushima plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A survey last year found that 16 percent of Tomioka residents wanted to return, 40 percent had decided never to return, and 43 percent were undecided. Two-thirds said they were working before the disaster, but only one-third had jobs at the time of the survey, underlining the challenges to starting over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former resident Shigetoshi Suzuki, a friend of Onuki, is outraged the government would even ask such a question: Do you want to go back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, we all want to return, he said. People like him were effectively forced into retirement, the 65-year-old land surveyor said. If he hadn’t evacuated to a Tokyo suburb with his wife, he would have continued working for his longtime clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a ridiculous question,” Suzuki said. “We could have led normal lives. What we have lost can’t be measured in money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In protest, he has refused to sign the forms that would allow his property to undergo decontamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has divided the no-go zone into three areas by radiation level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst areas are marked in pink on official maps and classified as “difficult to return.” They are still enclosed by a barricade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yellow designates a “restricted” area, limiting visits to a few hours. No overnight stays are allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The green zones are “in preparations to lift evacuation orders.” They must be decontaminated, which includes scrubbing building surfaces and scraping off the top layer of soil and is being carried out throughout the zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomioka has all three zones within its boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The green zones are those where authorities have confirmed radiation exposure can be brought below 20 millisieverts a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-term goal is to bring annual exposure down to 1 millisievert, or the equivalent of 10 chest X-rays, which was considered the safe level before the disaster, but the government is lifting evacuation orders at higher levels. It says it will monitor the health and exposure of people who move back to such areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the yellow restricted zone, where Sukuki’s and Onuki’s homes lie, a visitor exceeds 1 millisievert in a matter of a few hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent visit, Onuki and his wife Michiko walked beneath the pink petals floating from a tunnel of cherry trees, previously a local tourist attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The streets were abandoned, except for a car passing through now and then. The neighborhood was eerily quiet except for the chirping of the nightingales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prime minister says the accident is under control, but we feel the thing could explode the next minute,” said Michiko Onuki, who ran a ceramic and craft shop out of their Tomioka home. “We would have to live in fear of radiation. This town is dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both wore oversized white astronaut-like gear, which doesn’t keep out radioactive rays out but helps prevent radioactive material from being brought back, outside the no-go zone. Filtered masks covered half their faces. They discarded the gear when they left, so they wouldn’t bring any radiation back to their Tokyo apartment, which they share with an adult son and daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junji Oshida, 43, whose family ran an upscale restaurant in Tomioka that specialized in eel, was at first devastated that he lost the traditional sauce for the eel that had been passed down over generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has since opened a new restaurant just outside the zone that caters to nuclear cleanup workers. He recreated the sauce and serves pork, which is cheaper than eel. He lives apart from his wife and sons, who are in a Tokyo suburb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no sense in looking back,” Oshida said, still wearing the eel restaurant’s emblem on his shirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Older residents can’t give up so easily, even those who will never be able to return — like Tomioka city assemblyman Seijun Ando, whose home lies in the most irradiated, pink zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ando, 59, said that dividing Tomioka by radiation levels has pitted one group of residents against another, feeding resentment among some. One idea he has is to bring residents from various towns in the no-go zone together to start a new community in another, less radiated part of Fukushima — a place he described as “for our grandchildren and great-grandchildren.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can survive anywhere, although I had a plan for my life that was destroyed from its very roots,” said Ando, tears welling up in his eyes. “Don’t get me wrong. I’m not suffering. I’m just worried for Tomioka.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Survivors of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Disaster Fear Being Forgotten | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/477410077.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-138165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/477410077-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"An elderly woman holds a container filled with fish given by her neighbor outside her temporary house. (Yuriko Nakao/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An elderly woman holds a container filled with fish given by her neighbor outside her temporary house. (Yuriko Nakao/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Three years after a massive earthquake and tsunami caused a meltdown of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant more than 100,000 former residents remain displaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Japan, the government is forging ahead with plans to decontaminate and reopen the area currently deemed a “no-go zone,” but former residents have mixed feelings about returning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim spoke with Associated Press reporter \u003ca href=\"http://yurikageyama.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yuri Kageyama\u003c/a> about the cleanup efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘What we have lost can’t be measured in money.’\u003ccite>– Shigetoshi Suzuki, former resident of Tomioka, Japan\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\n\u003cp>Many residents are concerned about the unknown health effects of radiation. After Chernobyl, there was a \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/backgrounder/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">large increase in people with thyroid cancer \u003c/a>who were young children and adolescents at the time of the accident and lived in the most contaminated areas of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We may never know because it is very difficult to link individual sicknesses with whatever causes that sickness,” Kageyama said. “So the fear just keeps building, the distress keeps building and the people are still there living every day with that uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents say they are afraid to publicly voice their concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of pressure on these people not to complain, and also there’s a lot of pressure on them to say their lives are back in order, that we are over the disaster,” Kageyama said. “The perception is prevalent that the government is playing down the bad things and being upbeat about the positive things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of all residents are afraid of being forgotten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish there were more interest, because the people of Fukushima are extremely worried about being forgotten. This is an important story, it’s probably the biggest story of my life. I’ve been with AP for more than 20 years and I think it’s up to us reporters to make sure that important stories are not forgotten,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/152874239&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kageyama will continue to follow the decontamination efforts. You can read her story on Fukushima residents returning below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TOMIOKA, Japan (AP) — Whenever Kazuhiro Onuki goes home, to his real home that is, the 66-year-old former librarian dons protective gear from head to toe and hangs a dosimeter around his neck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grass grows wild in the backyard. The ceiling leaks. Thieves have ransacked the shelves, leaving papers and clothing all over the floor so there is barely room to walk. Mouse dung is scattered like raisins. There is no running water or electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above all, radiation is everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to imagine ever living again in Tomioka, a ghost town about 10 kilometers (6 miles) from the former Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant. And yet more than three years after meltdowns at the plant forced this community of 16,000 people to flee, Onuki can’t quite make the psychological break to start anew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family lived here for four generations. Every time he goes back, he is overcome by emotion. Especially during that brief time in the spring when the cherry blossoms bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They flower as though nothing has happened,” he said. “They are weeping because all the people have left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Japanese government is pushing ahead with efforts to decontaminate and reopen as much of a 20-kilometer (12-mile) no-go zone around the plant as it can. Authorities declared a tiny corner of the zone safe for living as of April 1, and hope to lift evacuation orders in more areas in the coming months and years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former residents have mixed feelings. In their hearts, many want their old lives back. But distrust about the decontamination program runs deep. Will it really be safe? Others among the more than 100,000 displaced have established new lives elsewhere, in the years since the 2011 earthquake and tsunami sent three of Fukushima’s reactors into meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the evacuation order is lifted for their area, they will lose a monthly stipend of 100,000 yen ($1,000) they receive from Tokyo Electric Power Co., the owner of the Fukushima plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A survey last year found that 16 percent of Tomioka residents wanted to return, 40 percent had decided never to return, and 43 percent were undecided. Two-thirds said they were working before the disaster, but only one-third had jobs at the time of the survey, underlining the challenges to starting over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former resident Shigetoshi Suzuki, a friend of Onuki, is outraged the government would even ask such a question: Do you want to go back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, we all want to return, he said. People like him were effectively forced into retirement, the 65-year-old land surveyor said. If he hadn’t evacuated to a Tokyo suburb with his wife, he would have continued working for his longtime clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a ridiculous question,” Suzuki said. “We could have led normal lives. What we have lost can’t be measured in money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In protest, he has refused to sign the forms that would allow his property to undergo decontamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government has divided the no-go zone into three areas by radiation level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst areas are marked in pink on official maps and classified as “difficult to return.” They are still enclosed by a barricade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yellow designates a “restricted” area, limiting visits to a few hours. No overnight stays are allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The green zones are “in preparations to lift evacuation orders.” They must be decontaminated, which includes scrubbing building surfaces and scraping off the top layer of soil and is being carried out throughout the zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomioka has all three zones within its boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The green zones are those where authorities have confirmed radiation exposure can be brought below 20 millisieverts a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-term goal is to bring annual exposure down to 1 millisievert, or the equivalent of 10 chest X-rays, which was considered the safe level before the disaster, but the government is lifting evacuation orders at higher levels. It says it will monitor the health and exposure of people who move back to such areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the yellow restricted zone, where Sukuki’s and Onuki’s homes lie, a visitor exceeds 1 millisievert in a matter of a few hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent visit, Onuki and his wife Michiko walked beneath the pink petals floating from a tunnel of cherry trees, previously a local tourist attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The streets were abandoned, except for a car passing through now and then. The neighborhood was eerily quiet except for the chirping of the nightingales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prime minister says the accident is under control, but we feel the thing could explode the next minute,” said Michiko Onuki, who ran a ceramic and craft shop out of their Tomioka home. “We would have to live in fear of radiation. This town is dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both wore oversized white astronaut-like gear, which doesn’t keep out radioactive rays out but helps prevent radioactive material from being brought back, outside the no-go zone. Filtered masks covered half their faces. They discarded the gear when they left, so they wouldn’t bring any radiation back to their Tokyo apartment, which they share with an adult son and daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junji Oshida, 43, whose family ran an upscale restaurant in Tomioka that specialized in eel, was at first devastated that he lost the traditional sauce for the eel that had been passed down over generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has since opened a new restaurant just outside the zone that caters to nuclear cleanup workers. He recreated the sauce and serves pork, which is cheaper than eel. He lives apart from his wife and sons, who are in a Tokyo suburb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no sense in looking back,” Oshida said, still wearing the eel restaurant’s emblem on his shirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Older residents can’t give up so easily, even those who will never be able to return — like Tomioka city assemblyman Seijun Ando, whose home lies in the most irradiated, pink zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ando, 59, said that dividing Tomioka by radiation levels has pitted one group of residents against another, feeding resentment among some. One idea he has is to bring residents from various towns in the no-go zone together to start a new community in another, less radiated part of Fukushima — a place he described as “for our grandchildren and great-grandchildren.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Channeling Buffalo Soldiers: National Parks Seek to Draw More Black Visitors",
"title": "Channeling Buffalo Soldiers: National Parks Seek to Draw More Black Visitors",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-138365\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/BuffaloSoldiers.jpg\" alt=\"In 1899, Buffalo Soldiers in the 24th Infantry carried out mounted patrol duties in Yosemite.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 1899, Buffalo Soldiers in the 24th Infantry carried out mounted patrol duties in Yosemite. (Courtesy Yosemite Research Library)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Sara Bernard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite National Park ranger Shelton Johnson has spent a lot of time thinking about the Buffalo Soldiers — African-American Army troops who were stationed in the Sierras in the first years of the 20th century. In fact, it's been 18 years since he graduated from Yosemite's Mounted Horse Patrol School for the express purpose of portraying them in films, podcasts and live performances. Mostly, he plays Sgt. Elizy Bowman — Troop “K,” 9th U.S. Cavalry — who was one of the real-life Buffalo Soldiers who found duty in the high country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What that job meant was patrolling Yosemite,\" Shelton's character croons, on one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/historyculture/buffspodcast.htm\">episodes of the podcast\u003c/a>. \"And the way of Yosemite is that there are colored soldiers here and we are the ones enforcing the rules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because the Buffalo Soldiers were some of the country’s first national park rangers —before the National Park Service was created in 1916. The second African-American National Parks Event will honor their legacy with speeches, re-enactments and a performance by Shelton Johnson in Yosemite Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants will first gather at San Francisco's old Army base, the Presidio, where the Buffalo Soldiers were once stationed, and then travel by bus along the route that some took into the Sierra Nevada in 1903. They'll stop in Los Banos, where one prominent Buffalo Soldier is buried, and then spend the night camping in Yosemite, trailed by the Buffalo Soldiers Motorcycle Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138377\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-138377\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/Shelton.jpg\" alt=\"Park Ranger Shelton Johnson portrays one of the U.S. Army's Buffalo Soldiers as part of his interpretation of Yosemite's history. \" width=\"200\" height=\"267\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Park Ranger Shelton Johnson portrays one of the U.S. Army's Buffalo Soldiers as part of his interpretation of Yosemite's history. (Courtesy Yosemite Research Library)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The event focuses on African-American history in the national parks to spotlight today's reality: few African-Americans visit them. A study several years ago found that at Yosemite, the proportion of black visitors is less than 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of people feel uncomfortable being the only one,\" said Teresa Baker, event founder and community leader for Outdoor Afro, a Berkeley-based social network. Its goal is to get more African-Americans outdoors nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that the more we see ourselves out in these spaces, the more comfortable we will become with that,\" Baker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor Afro founder Rue Mapp calls it the “anti-program program,” because eventually, she says, this kind of work won’t be necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're really working toward is that moment when it will just be ordinary,\" she said. \"That people are accessing these places and spaces in a way that fits into their lives and it's not a banner headline. It is just a way of life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranger Kelli English, chief of interpretation for four National Park sites in the Bay Area, concedes the \"perception is out there that African-Americans don't go to national parks, that African-Americans don't explore the outdoors, they don't go hiking, they don't go camping,\" but she wants to prove that stereotype wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many participants and event organizers, the history of the Buffalo Soldiers dispels the perception that black Americans aren’t engaged with the outdoors. The troops built the first trail to the top of Mount Whitney. They built the first botanical garden in a national park, in Yosemite. They stopped wildlife poaching and timber theft and fought wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One can argue that without the contributions that the Buffalo Soldiers made to our national parks in California that we might not have the National Park Service as we know it today,\" English said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138369\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-138369\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/KelliEnglish-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Ranger Kelli English talks about camping in Yosemite, and about the Buffalo Soldiers at a logistics meeting for event participants. \" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ranger Kelli English talks about camping in Yosemite, and about the Buffalo Soldiers at a logistics meeting for event participants. (Sara Bernard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, it wasn’t easy. While many Buffalo Soldiers were veterans of overseas wars — the Spanish-American War and the Philippine-American War for the most part — they never came to be seen as capable and worthy in the white-dominated society back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s amazing when you think about Colonel Charles Young serving as superintendent of Sequoia National Park for the summer\" of 1903, English said, \"and really going head-to-head with local ranchers who didn’t think a black man should be telling them what they could or couldn’t do with their livestock. The challenges that they faced a hundred years ago trying to protect these national parks were really quite astounding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland resident C.B. Smith-Dahl agrees. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-138365\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/BuffaloSoldiers.jpg\" alt=\"In 1899, Buffalo Soldiers in the 24th Infantry carried out mounted patrol duties in Yosemite.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 1899, Buffalo Soldiers in the 24th Infantry carried out mounted patrol duties in Yosemite. (Courtesy Yosemite Research Library)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Sara Bernard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite National Park ranger Shelton Johnson has spent a lot of time thinking about the Buffalo Soldiers — African-American Army troops who were stationed in the Sierras in the first years of the 20th century. In fact, it's been 18 years since he graduated from Yosemite's Mounted Horse Patrol School for the express purpose of portraying them in films, podcasts and live performances. Mostly, he plays Sgt. Elizy Bowman — Troop “K,” 9th U.S. Cavalry — who was one of the real-life Buffalo Soldiers who found duty in the high country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What that job meant was patrolling Yosemite,\" Shelton's character croons, on one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/yose/historyculture/buffspodcast.htm\">episodes of the podcast\u003c/a>. \"And the way of Yosemite is that there are colored soldiers here and we are the ones enforcing the rules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because the Buffalo Soldiers were some of the country’s first national park rangers —before the National Park Service was created in 1916. The second African-American National Parks Event will honor their legacy with speeches, re-enactments and a performance by Shelton Johnson in Yosemite Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants will first gather at San Francisco's old Army base, the Presidio, where the Buffalo Soldiers were once stationed, and then travel by bus along the route that some took into the Sierra Nevada in 1903. They'll stop in Los Banos, where one prominent Buffalo Soldier is buried, and then spend the night camping in Yosemite, trailed by the Buffalo Soldiers Motorcycle Club.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138377\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-138377\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/Shelton.jpg\" alt=\"Park Ranger Shelton Johnson portrays one of the U.S. Army's Buffalo Soldiers as part of his interpretation of Yosemite's history. \" width=\"200\" height=\"267\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Park Ranger Shelton Johnson portrays one of the U.S. Army's Buffalo Soldiers as part of his interpretation of Yosemite's history. (Courtesy Yosemite Research Library)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The event focuses on African-American history in the national parks to spotlight today's reality: few African-Americans visit them. A study several years ago found that at Yosemite, the proportion of black visitors is less than 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of people feel uncomfortable being the only one,\" said Teresa Baker, event founder and community leader for Outdoor Afro, a Berkeley-based social network. Its goal is to get more African-Americans outdoors nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that the more we see ourselves out in these spaces, the more comfortable we will become with that,\" Baker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor Afro founder Rue Mapp calls it the “anti-program program,” because eventually, she says, this kind of work won’t be necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're really working toward is that moment when it will just be ordinary,\" she said. \"That people are accessing these places and spaces in a way that fits into their lives and it's not a banner headline. It is just a way of life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranger Kelli English, chief of interpretation for four National Park sites in the Bay Area, concedes the \"perception is out there that African-Americans don't go to national parks, that African-Americans don't explore the outdoors, they don't go hiking, they don't go camping,\" but she wants to prove that stereotype wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many participants and event organizers, the history of the Buffalo Soldiers dispels the perception that black Americans aren’t engaged with the outdoors. The troops built the first trail to the top of Mount Whitney. They built the first botanical garden in a national park, in Yosemite. They stopped wildlife poaching and timber theft and fought wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One can argue that without the contributions that the Buffalo Soldiers made to our national parks in California that we might not have the National Park Service as we know it today,\" English said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_138369\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-138369\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/KelliEnglish-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Ranger Kelli English talks about camping in Yosemite, and about the Buffalo Soldiers at a logistics meeting for event participants. \" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ranger Kelli English talks about camping in Yosemite, and about the Buffalo Soldiers at a logistics meeting for event participants. (Sara Bernard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, it wasn’t easy. While many Buffalo Soldiers were veterans of overseas wars — the Spanish-American War and the Philippine-American War for the most part — they never came to be seen as capable and worthy in the white-dominated society back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s amazing when you think about Colonel Charles Young serving as superintendent of Sequoia National Park for the summer\" of 1903, English said, \"and really going head-to-head with local ranchers who didn’t think a black man should be telling them what they could or couldn’t do with their livestock. The challenges that they faced a hundred years ago trying to protect these national parks were really quite astounding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland resident C.B. Smith-Dahl agrees. She and her family will join this weekend’s trip to Yosemite, and she feels the history they’ll encounter is important for all Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just like it’s important for my kids to know that there are people who look like them who were more than just slaves, it’s also important for kids who don’t look like them to know that there is this range of black experience in the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Shelton Johnson says — through his alter ego Elizy Bowman — that experience has been both difficult and rewarding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every time I hear those words, Buffalo Soldier, I think about what they mean. I think about the past. I think about who I am,\" Bowman says in the podcast. \"It’s a difficult duty. It’s a hard duty. But it’s a hard job in a beautiful place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/153188359&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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