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"content": "\u003cp>Mostly peaceful protests over police brutality were carried out around the country after the public release of body camera footage brought the Memphis police killing of Tyre Nichols into clearer picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols, a 29-year-old Black motorist, was pulled over Jan. 7 for what police said was reckless driving. After attempting to flee on foot, Nichols was aggressively beaten by police, newly released police video shows. Three days later, he died in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what else we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who was Tyre Nichols?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nichols, a father of a 4-year-old son, was known to his family as an avid skateboarder and nature photographer from Sacramento, Calif., according to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/tyre-nichols-profile-memphis-3104f3cdbaf568daf6647eca080d4001\">The Associated Press\u003c/a>. He arrived in Memphis just before the pandemic, and later started a job with FedEx, a major employer there. Nichols had been with the company for about nine months before his death, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/26/us/who-was-tyre-nichols.html\">\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was one of those people who made everyone around them happy,\" Nichols' step-grandmother Lucille Washington\u003ca href=\"https://www.localmemphis.com/article/news/local/tyre-nichols-memorial-service-gathers-family-friends-and-supporters/522-579006f3-3ee9-4c50-bfe8-ae307e64f60b\"> said at a memorial service\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Police bodycam video shows a violent arrest\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Police said on Jan. 8 that Nichols was taken into custody after a traffic stop that involved two confrontations with officers. During the initial confrontation, Nichols fled the scene of the traffic stop, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the arrest, Nichols then complained of shortness of breath, according to authorities, and was taken to the hospital in critical condition, where he died on Jan. 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11939627\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11939627\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460149255-800x534.jpg\" alt='A young Black man speaks into a loudspeaker with a young Black woman standing behind him holding a sign that reads \"Stop Police Terror.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460149255-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460149255-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460149255-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460149255.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators protest the death of Tyre Nichols on Jan. 27, 2023, in Memphis, Tenn. \u003ccite>(Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His family has said the police beat him so severely that he was unrecognizable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.scdag.com/news-releases/statement-from-shelby-county-district-attorneys-office-regarding-tyre-nichols-investigation\">Shelby County District Attorney's Office said\u003c/a> in a statement earlier this week that it understood the \"reasonable request from the public\" to view the video of Nichols' death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Memphis released the four-part footage on Vimeo on Friday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the videos, officers are seen dragging Nichols from his car and shouting profanities throughout the confrontation. An officer tries to deploy a Taser at Nichols and then begins to chase him on foot. \"I'm just trying to go home,\" Nichols is heard saying. Later, officers are seen repeatedly kicking, punching and using a baton to strike Nichols as he lies on the ground. At one point he's heard yelling \"Mom.\" Lawyers for the Nichols family say this encounter happened within 100 yards of the family's home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Crump, the family's attorney, compared the footage to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/04/26/524744989/when-la-erupted-in-anger-a-look-back-at-the-rodney-king-riots\">video of the 1991 Los Angeles police beating of Rodney King\u003c/a>, another Black motorist.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Protests were held in several cities following release of police video\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mostly peaceful protests broke out \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2023/01/27/1152198276/photos-protests-tyre-nichols-memphis-police\">in cities across the U.S.\u003c/a> following the release of the videos, with demonstrators leading marches and chants against police brutality and shutting down highways and intersections in some cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Memphis, a group of demonstrators gathered at a downtown park and then took to the streets, shutting down the I-55 bridge over the Mississippi River between Memphis and West Memphis. They chanted \"no justice, no peace\" and \"justice for Tyre,\" closing the bridge for nearly three hours before peacefully disbanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11939626\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11939626\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1246604504-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Crowd of protestors of different races rallying with three people in front with fists in the air.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1246604504-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1246604504-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1246604504-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1246604504.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters rally against the fatal police assault of Tyre Nichols, at Times Square in New York City, on Jan. 27, 2023. \u003ccite>(YUKI IWAMURA/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In other parts of Memphis, people gathered in churches or small groups to reflect on the wrenching and somber moment for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A protest in downtown Los Angeles became tense when a small group protesters demonstrated outside of Los Angeles Police Department headquarters, which was blocked by police in riot gear, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-27/los-angeles-vigil-protest-tyre-nichols-keenan-anderson\">according to the\u003cem> Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other small, but mostly peaceful protests, were also held in Times Square in New York City, near the White House in Washington, D.C., in Seattle, Detroit and Atlanta, as well as in other cities from the East Coast to the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers are planning vigils, marches and demonstrations across the U.S. over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Five former officers were indicted and jailed in connection to Nichols' death\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tadarrius Bean, Demetrius Haley, Emmitt Martin III, Desmond Mills Jr. and Justin Smith \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/26/1151721800/memphis-officers-charged-tyre-nichols-murder\">each face several charges\u003c/a>, including second-degree murder, aggravated assault, aggravated kidnapping, official misconduct and official oppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Nichols, all of the former officers — who were fired before Thursday's indictments — are Black.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Ben Crump, Nichols family attorney\"]'This tragedy meets the absolute definition of a needless and unnecessary death. Tyre's loved ones' lives were forever changed when he was beaten to death, and we will keep saying his name until justice is served.'[/pullquote]On Wednesday, Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn Davis released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpD2FDjBBr8\">video statement\u003c/a> discussing \"the horrific circumstances\" of Nichols' death. She called it a professional failing and said \"the incident was heinous, reckless and inhumane.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a news conference announcing the indictments of the five officers, prosecutors gave new details about what happened during the traffic stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelby County District Attorney Steve Mulroy said that while each of the five officers played a different role, \"the actions of all of them resulted in the death of Tyre Nichols, and they are all responsible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A grand jury returned indictments and delivered all five officers the same exact charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than three hours after officials released the body cam footage, Shelby County \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ShelbyTNSheriff/status/1619156679878393856\">Sheriff Floyd Bonner said\u003c/a> two deputies who appeared at the scene of the arrest had been relieved of their duties pending the outcome of an internal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Memphis police officers were \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151957933/tyre-nichols-video-protest-\">part of a specialized team\u003c/a> known as the SCORPION unit, an acronym for Street Crimes Operations to Restore Peace in Our Neighborhoods, that the department launched in 2021. A day after the release of the body cam video of Nichols' arrest, the Memphis Police Department \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MEM_PoliceDept/status/1619446919683796992?s=20&t=O8bGWi8x7RWlCBaEpAqtjg\">said it would permanently disband\u003c/a> the unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other agencies are involved in the case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Crump, one of the family's attorneys, said during a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-JExNfIDlQ\">news conference earlier this week \u003c/a>that police used a stun gun and pepper spray on Nichols in addition to restraining him during the arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yet again, we're seeing evidence of what happens to Black and brown people from simple traffic stops,\" Crump said. \"You should not be killed because of a simple traffic stop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11939630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11939630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460129538-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A man stomps on a police car windshield in a crowd of people on a busy city street.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460129538-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460129538-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460129538-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460129538.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator stomps on the window of an NYPD car as people protest the death of Tyre Nichols on Jan. 27, 2023, in New York City. \u003ccite>(Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement following Thursday's news conference, Crump said although the five officers have been indicted, policing in the U.S. needs a great deal of reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This tragedy meets the absolute definition of a needless and unnecessary death. Tyre's loved ones' lives were forever changed when he was beaten to death, and we will keep saying his name until justice is served,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police chief \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MEM_PoliceDept/status/1616595013927845889?s=20&t=j0kKAMjkzWau3epTHxVZiw\">said earlier this week\u003c/a> that the five officers violated multiple department policies, \"including excessive use of force, duty to intervene, and duty to render aid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Memphis Fire Department employees were \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/24/1151150396/tyre-nichols-memphis-fire-department-employees\">also \"relieved of duty\"\u003c/a> as an internal investigation is being conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Memphis Fire Department spokesperson Qwanesha Ward told NPR that the employees — who were not identified — were \"involved in the initial patient care\" of Nichols. She did not go into further details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department and the FBI have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-wdtn/pr/statement-united-states-attorney-kevin-g-ritz\">launched a civil rights investigation\u003c/a> into Nichols' death and the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TBInvestigation/status/1612214960414724097\">Tennessee Bureau of Investigation\u003c/a> launched a separate investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Joe Hernandez contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As the nation tries to process the horrific details and circumstances that led to Tyre Nichols' death, here is a look at what we know so far about Nichols, the Memphis police officers involved, and the demonstrations that have been happening across the US.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mostly peaceful protests over police brutality were carried out around the country after the public release of body camera footage brought the Memphis police killing of Tyre Nichols into clearer picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols, a 29-year-old Black motorist, was pulled over Jan. 7 for what police said was reckless driving. After attempting to flee on foot, Nichols was aggressively beaten by police, newly released police video shows. Three days later, he died in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what else we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who was Tyre Nichols?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nichols, a father of a 4-year-old son, was known to his family as an avid skateboarder and nature photographer from Sacramento, Calif., according to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/tyre-nichols-profile-memphis-3104f3cdbaf568daf6647eca080d4001\">The Associated Press\u003c/a>. He arrived in Memphis just before the pandemic, and later started a job with FedEx, a major employer there. Nichols had been with the company for about nine months before his death, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/26/us/who-was-tyre-nichols.html\">\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was one of those people who made everyone around them happy,\" Nichols' step-grandmother Lucille Washington\u003ca href=\"https://www.localmemphis.com/article/news/local/tyre-nichols-memorial-service-gathers-family-friends-and-supporters/522-579006f3-3ee9-4c50-bfe8-ae307e64f60b\"> said at a memorial service\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Police bodycam video shows a violent arrest\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Police said on Jan. 8 that Nichols was taken into custody after a traffic stop that involved two confrontations with officers. During the initial confrontation, Nichols fled the scene of the traffic stop, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the arrest, Nichols then complained of shortness of breath, according to authorities, and was taken to the hospital in critical condition, where he died on Jan. 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11939627\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11939627\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460149255-800x534.jpg\" alt='A young Black man speaks into a loudspeaker with a young Black woman standing behind him holding a sign that reads \"Stop Police Terror.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460149255-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460149255-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460149255-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460149255.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators protest the death of Tyre Nichols on Jan. 27, 2023, in Memphis, Tenn. \u003ccite>(Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His family has said the police beat him so severely that he was unrecognizable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.scdag.com/news-releases/statement-from-shelby-county-district-attorneys-office-regarding-tyre-nichols-investigation\">Shelby County District Attorney's Office said\u003c/a> in a statement earlier this week that it understood the \"reasonable request from the public\" to view the video of Nichols' death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Memphis released the four-part footage on Vimeo on Friday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the videos, officers are seen dragging Nichols from his car and shouting profanities throughout the confrontation. An officer tries to deploy a Taser at Nichols and then begins to chase him on foot. \"I'm just trying to go home,\" Nichols is heard saying. Later, officers are seen repeatedly kicking, punching and using a baton to strike Nichols as he lies on the ground. At one point he's heard yelling \"Mom.\" Lawyers for the Nichols family say this encounter happened within 100 yards of the family's home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben Crump, the family's attorney, compared the footage to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/04/26/524744989/when-la-erupted-in-anger-a-look-back-at-the-rodney-king-riots\">video of the 1991 Los Angeles police beating of Rodney King\u003c/a>, another Black motorist.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Protests were held in several cities following release of police video\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Mostly peaceful protests broke out \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2023/01/27/1152198276/photos-protests-tyre-nichols-memphis-police\">in cities across the U.S.\u003c/a> following the release of the videos, with demonstrators leading marches and chants against police brutality and shutting down highways and intersections in some cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Memphis, a group of demonstrators gathered at a downtown park and then took to the streets, shutting down the I-55 bridge over the Mississippi River between Memphis and West Memphis. They chanted \"no justice, no peace\" and \"justice for Tyre,\" closing the bridge for nearly three hours before peacefully disbanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11939626\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11939626\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1246604504-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Crowd of protestors of different races rallying with three people in front with fists in the air.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1246604504-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1246604504-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1246604504-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1246604504.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters rally against the fatal police assault of Tyre Nichols, at Times Square in New York City, on Jan. 27, 2023. \u003ccite>(YUKI IWAMURA/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In other parts of Memphis, people gathered in churches or small groups to reflect on the wrenching and somber moment for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A protest in downtown Los Angeles became tense when a small group protesters demonstrated outside of Los Angeles Police Department headquarters, which was blocked by police in riot gear, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-27/los-angeles-vigil-protest-tyre-nichols-keenan-anderson\">according to the\u003cem> Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other small, but mostly peaceful protests, were also held in Times Square in New York City, near the White House in Washington, D.C., in Seattle, Detroit and Atlanta, as well as in other cities from the East Coast to the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers are planning vigils, marches and demonstrations across the U.S. over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Five former officers were indicted and jailed in connection to Nichols' death\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tadarrius Bean, Demetrius Haley, Emmitt Martin III, Desmond Mills Jr. and Justin Smith \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/26/1151721800/memphis-officers-charged-tyre-nichols-murder\">each face several charges\u003c/a>, including second-degree murder, aggravated assault, aggravated kidnapping, official misconduct and official oppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Nichols, all of the former officers — who were fired before Thursday's indictments — are Black.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'This tragedy meets the absolute definition of a needless and unnecessary death. Tyre's loved ones' lives were forever changed when he was beaten to death, and we will keep saying his name until justice is served.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On Wednesday, Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn Davis released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jpD2FDjBBr8\">video statement\u003c/a> discussing \"the horrific circumstances\" of Nichols' death. She called it a professional failing and said \"the incident was heinous, reckless and inhumane.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a news conference announcing the indictments of the five officers, prosecutors gave new details about what happened during the traffic stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelby County District Attorney Steve Mulroy said that while each of the five officers played a different role, \"the actions of all of them resulted in the death of Tyre Nichols, and they are all responsible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A grand jury returned indictments and delivered all five officers the same exact charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than three hours after officials released the body cam footage, Shelby County \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ShelbyTNSheriff/status/1619156679878393856\">Sheriff Floyd Bonner said\u003c/a> two deputies who appeared at the scene of the arrest had been relieved of their duties pending the outcome of an internal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Memphis police officers were \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151957933/tyre-nichols-video-protest-\">part of a specialized team\u003c/a> known as the SCORPION unit, an acronym for Street Crimes Operations to Restore Peace in Our Neighborhoods, that the department launched in 2021. A day after the release of the body cam video of Nichols' arrest, the Memphis Police Department \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MEM_PoliceDept/status/1619446919683796992?s=20&t=O8bGWi8x7RWlCBaEpAqtjg\">said it would permanently disband\u003c/a> the unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other agencies are involved in the case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Crump, one of the family's attorneys, said during a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-JExNfIDlQ\">news conference earlier this week \u003c/a>that police used a stun gun and pepper spray on Nichols in addition to restraining him during the arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yet again, we're seeing evidence of what happens to Black and brown people from simple traffic stops,\" Crump said. \"You should not be killed because of a simple traffic stop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11939630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11939630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460129538-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A man stomps on a police car windshield in a crowd of people on a busy city street.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460129538-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460129538-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460129538-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1460129538.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator stomps on the window of an NYPD car as people protest the death of Tyre Nichols on Jan. 27, 2023, in New York City. \u003ccite>(Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a statement following Thursday's news conference, Crump said although the five officers have been indicted, policing in the U.S. needs a great deal of reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This tragedy meets the absolute definition of a needless and unnecessary death. Tyre's loved ones' lives were forever changed when he was beaten to death, and we will keep saying his name until justice is served,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police chief \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MEM_PoliceDept/status/1616595013927845889?s=20&t=j0kKAMjkzWau3epTHxVZiw\">said earlier this week\u003c/a> that the five officers violated multiple department policies, \"including excessive use of force, duty to intervene, and duty to render aid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Memphis Fire Department employees were \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/24/1151150396/tyre-nichols-memphis-fire-department-employees\">also \"relieved of duty\"\u003c/a> as an internal investigation is being conducted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Memphis Fire Department spokesperson Qwanesha Ward told NPR that the employees — who were not identified — were \"involved in the initial patient care\" of Nichols. She did not go into further details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department and the FBI have also \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-wdtn/pr/statement-united-states-attorney-kevin-g-ritz\">launched a civil rights investigation\u003c/a> into Nichols' death and the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TBInvestigation/status/1612214960414724097\">Tennessee Bureau of Investigation\u003c/a> launched a separate investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Joe Hernandez contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Video footage of the moments leading up to Tyre Nichols' death, for which five Memphis police officers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/26/1151721800/memphis-officers-charged-tyre-nichols-murder\">have been charged\u003c/a>, is expected \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1152029954/tyre-nichols-body-camera-footage-release\">to be released\u003c/a> later Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monnica Williams, a clinical psychologist and expert on race-based trauma, said videos containing violence and death are incredibly stressful and should be viewed sparingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Seeing things that happen like this to other people from your community broadly can have some traumatizing effects, especially if you're part of a stigmatized of minoritized group that's often dealing with trauma like this,\" Williams told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/23/1150767524/tyre-nichols-family-will-view-unreleased-video-footage-related-to-his-death\">29-year-old Black man\u003c/a>, was beaten severely after being pulled over on suspicion of reckless driving on Jan. 7. He died in a hospital three days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn Davis said the recordings, which include body cam, dash cam and other surveillance footage, will be made public out of transparency sometime after 7 p.m. ET Friday. But she warned that the incident was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/26/1151621971/tyre-nichols-memphis-police-chief\">\"heinous, reckless and inhumane.\" \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some helpful reminders on how to cope.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remember, you don't have to watch the video to stay informed about the case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Williams' main advice is to not watch the footage if you can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really the message I want people to have: Don't watch them,\" she said. \"If you want to watch it, you should ask yourself, why do I want to watch this?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She understands some people may be obligated to see it, depending on their job or connection to the case, but for the vast majority of people, violent videos tend to do more harm than good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams added that there are other ways to stay informed on the case without seeing graphic videos or images, which tend to have a stronger effect on the brain than simply reading an article about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These videos are not good for your mental health and they don't make us a better society,\" Williams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Before the footage is released, check in with yourself\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In anticipation of the video and descriptions around it, Williams urges people to pause to assess how much information they can handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Anxious or stressed or nervous? These might be good signs that you want to take it easy and maybe you don't need to watch it,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams also recommends digesting the news and content in moderation depending on how they are feeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People can wait until they feel ready. They don't have to do it right now,\" she said. \"Or they can decide that they only want a small amount of information about what happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Signs of stress and trauma can show up immediately or in a few weeks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>People can experience forms of post-traumatic stress disorder from watching distressing videos, Williams said. Those symptoms include trouble sleeping, having images replaying in your mind, or feeling jumpy, restless or moody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, those symptoms do not show up until later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams pointed to a 2018 study in \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)31130-9/fulltext\">\u003cem>The Lancet\u003c/em>\u003c/a> about police killings and their spillover effects on the mental health of Black Americans. Research showed that Black people continued to be affected by a fatal encounter between police and an unarmed Black person months after first hearing about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feeling numb can also be a sign of trauma and it should be taken as seriously as other symptoms, Williams added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Lean on people you can trust and who can relate to how you're feeling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the best ways to deal with this kind of trauma is to talk to other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Have conversations with people who get it and who are going to be a source of support and comfort,\" Williams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also important to \"rebalance your sense of equilibrium,\" by taking time out of the office, going on a walk or a drive and spending time away from the news cycle and social media, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Videos+like+the+Tyre+Nichols+footage+can+be+traumatic.+An+expert+shares+ways+to+cope&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Video footage of the moments leading up to Tyre Nichols' death, for which five Memphis police officers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/26/1151721800/memphis-officers-charged-tyre-nichols-murder\">have been charged\u003c/a>, is expected \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1152029954/tyre-nichols-body-camera-footage-release\">to be released\u003c/a> later Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monnica Williams, a clinical psychologist and expert on race-based trauma, said videos containing violence and death are incredibly stressful and should be viewed sparingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Seeing things that happen like this to other people from your community broadly can have some traumatizing effects, especially if you're part of a stigmatized of minoritized group that's often dealing with trauma like this,\" Williams told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichols, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/23/1150767524/tyre-nichols-family-will-view-unreleased-video-footage-related-to-his-death\">29-year-old Black man\u003c/a>, was beaten severely after being pulled over on suspicion of reckless driving on Jan. 7. He died in a hospital three days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn Davis said the recordings, which include body cam, dash cam and other surveillance footage, will be made public out of transparency sometime after 7 p.m. ET Friday. But she warned that the incident was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/26/1151621971/tyre-nichols-memphis-police-chief\">\"heinous, reckless and inhumane.\" \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some helpful reminders on how to cope.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remember, you don't have to watch the video to stay informed about the case\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Williams' main advice is to not watch the footage if you can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really the message I want people to have: Don't watch them,\" she said. \"If you want to watch it, you should ask yourself, why do I want to watch this?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She understands some people may be obligated to see it, depending on their job or connection to the case, but for the vast majority of people, violent videos tend to do more harm than good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams added that there are other ways to stay informed on the case without seeing graphic videos or images, which tend to have a stronger effect on the brain than simply reading an article about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These videos are not good for your mental health and they don't make us a better society,\" Williams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Before the footage is released, check in with yourself\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In anticipation of the video and descriptions around it, Williams urges people to pause to assess how much information they can handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Anxious or stressed or nervous? These might be good signs that you want to take it easy and maybe you don't need to watch it,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams also recommends digesting the news and content in moderation depending on how they are feeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People can wait until they feel ready. They don't have to do it right now,\" she said. \"Or they can decide that they only want a small amount of information about what happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Signs of stress and trauma can show up immediately or in a few weeks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>People can experience forms of post-traumatic stress disorder from watching distressing videos, Williams said. Those symptoms include trouble sleeping, having images replaying in your mind, or feeling jumpy, restless or moody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, those symptoms do not show up until later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams pointed to a 2018 study in \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)31130-9/fulltext\">\u003cem>The Lancet\u003c/em>\u003c/a> about police killings and their spillover effects on the mental health of Black Americans. Research showed that Black people continued to be affected by a fatal encounter between police and an unarmed Black person months after first hearing about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feeling numb can also be a sign of trauma and it should be taken as seriously as other symptoms, Williams added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Lean on people you can trust and who can relate to how you're feeling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the best ways to deal with this kind of trauma is to talk to other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Have conversations with people who get it and who are going to be a source of support and comfort,\" Williams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also important to \"rebalance your sense of equilibrium,\" by taking time out of the office, going on a walk or a drive and spending time away from the news cycle and social media, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Videos+like+the+Tyre+Nichols+footage+can+be+traumatic.+An+expert+shares+ways+to+cope&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration is considering a major shift in the nation’s COVID-19 vaccine strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to simplify vaccination against COVID and perhaps adopt an approach similar to what is used for the flu vaccine, with annual updates to match whatever strain of the virus is circulating. This is according to a federal official who spoke under the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR reported the proposed shift early Monday morning, and later Monday the FDA outlined it publicly in \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/vaccines-and-related-biological-products-advisory-committee-january-26-2023-meeting-announcement#event-materials\">a set of documents released\u003c/a> in advance of a meeting Thursday of the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/vaccines-and-related-biological-products-advisory-committee-january-26-2023-meeting-announcement\">Vaccine and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee\u003c/a> (VRBPAC). The committee will vote on the agency’s proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, people who want to be fully vaccinated against COVID have to first get their primary vaccinations — two shots of the original vaccine spaced weeks apart. That’s followed at least two months later by a booster, currently the bivalent shot that’s tailored to protect against omicron.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"coronavirus\"]Under the new approach, most people would be advised to simply get whatever the latest version of the vaccine is annually each fall like the flu vaccine. They wouldn’t have to worry about how many shots they’ve already gotten and which one they got when. Those who still need to receive two doses initially, such as young children and older people, would use the same formulation for all three shots. Vaccine makers would update the annual shot through a process that would begin each spring to try a match the vaccine as closely as possible to whatever variant will likely be dominant in the coming winter. That’s how the flu vaccine is formulated each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“FDA anticipates conducting an assessment of SARS-CoV-2 strains at least annually and to engage VRBPAC in about early June of each year regarding strain selection for the fall season,” the FDA wrote in its briefing document, adding that updated vaccines would be readied for use by September each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency notes that if a more dangerous COVID variant were to emerge, it might reconsider the vaccine strain at other times of the year on an “as-needed and emergent basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some immunologists and vaccine researchers say simplifying the process along the lines of the flu vaccine is appropriate at this point in the pandemic. However, many questions remain about emerging booster strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as the tools that we have right now, I think it just makes the most sense to plan to update each year as close as we can to the currently circulating variant,” says Deepta Bhattacharya, an immunologist at the University of Arizona. “So I think all the things the FDA is considering make a lot of sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Questions about efficacy of updated shots\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s an intense debate about the wisdom of updating the COVID vaccines regularly to try to match new variants. Some researchers question whether that really makes the vaccines more effective. They also argue that the low demand for the latest booster shows the public has little appetite for continued boosting with the vaccines, even if they’ve been updated with new strains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public is voting with their arms if you will and said, ‘No. I’m not going to get this. This doesn’t make sense to us,'” says Dr. Gregory Poland, a vaccine researcher at the Mayo Clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While endorsing continued boosters for those at high risk, such as the elderly, some question whether the current bivalent vaccines updated to target omicron have enhanced protection compared to the original vaccines. Most people are still well-protected against severe disease by the immunity they already have, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no solid data about the performance of the bivalent boosters,” says John Moore, an immunologist at Weill Cornell Medical College. “The hard evidence is lacking, and the evidence that is out there is at the very least inconclusive and to me trends towards saying the bivalent boosters were little if no better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore and others argue that the virus is changing so fast that it’s pointless to constantly try to match the vaccines to the latest variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn’t really be chasing these variants, which are evanescent and are often gone by the time you’ve created the vaccine,” says Dr. Paul Offit of the University of Pennsylvania, one of the FDA’s advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offit and others also question whether everyone will necessarily need to be boosted regularly, or just those at high risk, like the elderly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arguments for alternate vaccine strategies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Critics of the FDA’s proposed new strategy argue that it would be better to invest in developing better vaccines that might be more appealing to people, and in campaigns to get more people vaccinated. Better vaccines could include those that could keep people from catching the virus in the first place not just from getting seriously ill — such as a nasal spray vaccine. Or perhaps vaccines that provide longer protection or are administered in pill form, to make them more acceptable to the needle-averse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly now when Congress is not allocating new funds for COVID response, we have to be especially judicious in how we spend our money and what would be most cost-effective,” says Dr. Celine Gounder, a senior fellow at the Kaiser Family Foundation. “It’s unclear whether updating the booster formulations and repeatedly boosting people is the most effective approach to controlling COVID at this stage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another concern some researchers have is that the FDA continues to rely on antibody levels to test vaccine efficacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we need to raise the bar and require more evidence of clinical efficacy,” says Dr. Eric Rubin, a professor of immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard who is also a member of the advisory committee. For instance, Rubin says the FDA should require proof the updated vaccines are actually reducing the risk of getting infected, getting sick, hospitalized and dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others say updating the vaccines make sense to make sure people are as well-protected as possible while researchers continue to try to develop new vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if you don’t have a booster that matches 100% what’s circulating, you will have a booster that matches 75% to 80% to 90% of what’s circulating,” says David Martinez, an immunologist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. “And that will be good enough. It would probably benefit most people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The FDA looks ahead to endemic COVID\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some researchers think it’s too soon to rely on annual boosters. COVID hasn’t quite settled into a seasonal pattern like the flu, they note, and the SARS-CoV2 virus is changing more quickly than the flu virus. So people may need to be boosted more frequently, especially since protection against severe disease may only last about four to six months, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to be reaching that pretty soon with the early adopters of the bivalent boosters, like myself,” says Dr. Peter Hotez, co-director of the Center for Vaccine Development at Texas Children’s Hospital and dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine. “I don’t know if an annual strategy is going to cut it.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration is considering a major shift in the nation’s COVID-19 vaccine strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to simplify vaccination against COVID and perhaps adopt an approach similar to what is used for the flu vaccine, with annual updates to match whatever strain of the virus is circulating. This is according to a federal official who spoke under the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR reported the proposed shift early Monday morning, and later Monday the FDA outlined it publicly in \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/vaccines-and-related-biological-products-advisory-committee-january-26-2023-meeting-announcement#event-materials\">a set of documents released\u003c/a> in advance of a meeting Thursday of the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/vaccines-and-related-biological-products-advisory-committee-january-26-2023-meeting-announcement\">Vaccine and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee\u003c/a> (VRBPAC). The committee will vote on the agency’s proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, people who want to be fully vaccinated against COVID have to first get their primary vaccinations — two shots of the original vaccine spaced weeks apart. That’s followed at least two months later by a booster, currently the bivalent shot that’s tailored to protect against omicron.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Under the new approach, most people would be advised to simply get whatever the latest version of the vaccine is annually each fall like the flu vaccine. They wouldn’t have to worry about how many shots they’ve already gotten and which one they got when. Those who still need to receive two doses initially, such as young children and older people, would use the same formulation for all three shots. Vaccine makers would update the annual shot through a process that would begin each spring to try a match the vaccine as closely as possible to whatever variant will likely be dominant in the coming winter. That’s how the flu vaccine is formulated each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“FDA anticipates conducting an assessment of SARS-CoV-2 strains at least annually and to engage VRBPAC in about early June of each year regarding strain selection for the fall season,” the FDA wrote in its briefing document, adding that updated vaccines would be readied for use by September each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency notes that if a more dangerous COVID variant were to emerge, it might reconsider the vaccine strain at other times of the year on an “as-needed and emergent basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some immunologists and vaccine researchers say simplifying the process along the lines of the flu vaccine is appropriate at this point in the pandemic. However, many questions remain about emerging booster strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As far as the tools that we have right now, I think it just makes the most sense to plan to update each year as close as we can to the currently circulating variant,” says Deepta Bhattacharya, an immunologist at the University of Arizona. “So I think all the things the FDA is considering make a lot of sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Questions about efficacy of updated shots\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s an intense debate about the wisdom of updating the COVID vaccines regularly to try to match new variants. Some researchers question whether that really makes the vaccines more effective. They also argue that the low demand for the latest booster shows the public has little appetite for continued boosting with the vaccines, even if they’ve been updated with new strains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public is voting with their arms if you will and said, ‘No. I’m not going to get this. This doesn’t make sense to us,'” says Dr. Gregory Poland, a vaccine researcher at the Mayo Clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While endorsing continued boosters for those at high risk, such as the elderly, some question whether the current bivalent vaccines updated to target omicron have enhanced protection compared to the original vaccines. Most people are still well-protected against severe disease by the immunity they already have, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no solid data about the performance of the bivalent boosters,” says John Moore, an immunologist at Weill Cornell Medical College. “The hard evidence is lacking, and the evidence that is out there is at the very least inconclusive and to me trends towards saying the bivalent boosters were little if no better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore and others argue that the virus is changing so fast that it’s pointless to constantly try to match the vaccines to the latest variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn’t really be chasing these variants, which are evanescent and are often gone by the time you’ve created the vaccine,” says Dr. Paul Offit of the University of Pennsylvania, one of the FDA’s advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offit and others also question whether everyone will necessarily need to be boosted regularly, or just those at high risk, like the elderly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Arguments for alternate vaccine strategies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Critics of the FDA’s proposed new strategy argue that it would be better to invest in developing better vaccines that might be more appealing to people, and in campaigns to get more people vaccinated. Better vaccines could include those that could keep people from catching the virus in the first place not just from getting seriously ill — such as a nasal spray vaccine. Or perhaps vaccines that provide longer protection or are administered in pill form, to make them more acceptable to the needle-averse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly now when Congress is not allocating new funds for COVID response, we have to be especially judicious in how we spend our money and what would be most cost-effective,” says Dr. Celine Gounder, a senior fellow at the Kaiser Family Foundation. “It’s unclear whether updating the booster formulations and repeatedly boosting people is the most effective approach to controlling COVID at this stage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another concern some researchers have is that the FDA continues to rely on antibody levels to test vaccine efficacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we need to raise the bar and require more evidence of clinical efficacy,” says Dr. Eric Rubin, a professor of immunology and infectious diseases at Harvard who is also a member of the advisory committee. For instance, Rubin says the FDA should require proof the updated vaccines are actually reducing the risk of getting infected, getting sick, hospitalized and dying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others say updating the vaccines make sense to make sure people are as well-protected as possible while researchers continue to try to develop new vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if you don’t have a booster that matches 100% what’s circulating, you will have a booster that matches 75% to 80% to 90% of what’s circulating,” says David Martinez, an immunologist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. “And that will be good enough. It would probably benefit most people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The FDA looks ahead to endemic COVID\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some researchers think it’s too soon to rely on annual boosters. COVID hasn’t quite settled into a seasonal pattern like the flu, they note, and the SARS-CoV2 virus is changing more quickly than the flu virus. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to be reaching that pretty soon with the early adopters of the bivalent boosters, like myself,” says Dr. Peter Hotez, co-director of the Center for Vaccine Development at Texas Children’s Hospital and dean of the National School of Tropical Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine. “I don’t know if an annual strategy is going to cut it.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "are-at-home-rapid-covid-tests-still-reliable-heres-what-you-need-to-know",
"title": "Are At-Home Rapid COVID Tests Still Reliable? What You Need to Know",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its fourth year, a negative result on a little plastic at-home test feels a bit less comforting than it once did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, you dutifully swab your nostrils before dinner parties, wait 15 minutes for the all-clear and then text the host “negative!” before leaving your KN95 mask at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It feels like the right thing to do, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus has mutated and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/01/06/1147372029/new-covid-omicron-subvariant-spreading-fast-data\">then mutated again\u003c/a>, with the tests offering at least some sense of control as the Greek letters pile up. But some experts caution against putting too much faith in a negative result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s only fitting to do a reality check on what those rapid COVID-19 tests, also called antigen tests, can do — and what they can’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is the latest omicron variant tripping up at-home tests?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For the most part, the answer is no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because as the virus evolves, scientists are mainly seeing changes in its spike protein, which is what the virus uses to attack and enter healthy cells. But the rapid antigen tests aren’t actually looking for that spike protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The tests] rely on detection of the nucleocapsid protein, which is the protein that is directly encapsulating the viral RNA,” says \u003ca href=\"https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/32693\">Dr. Robin Colgrove\u003c/a>, a professor at Harvard Medical School and chair of the Diagnostics Committee of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says this interior protein really hasn’t changed much as the virus has mutated over the years. So, at least for now, the rapid tests can detect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health agencies are monitoring the situation in case that changes. The Food and Drug Administration is working with the National Institutes of Health to study just how well the at-home tests work as the virus continues to evolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the agencies have identified only one test — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/sars-cov-2-viral-mutations-impact-covid-19-tests#63c123b8800ae\">Luminostics Inc. Clip COVID Rapid Antigen Test\u003c/a> — that has been rendered less reliable in the face of new variants. And even then, the FDA says “the impact does not appear to be significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Are antigen tests taking longer to show a positive?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some people report having negative antigen test results for days, despite having a known COVID-19 exposure and the telltale symptoms. Eventually, they test positive, but it can sometimes take as long as a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phenomenon is somewhat mysterious, says Colgrove. He acknowledges that doctors are seeing it, but so far, it’s only anecdotal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What kind of an experiment would you have to do to answer that question?” he says, explaining that it would be difficult to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"covid\"]Many factors could make it seem as though home tests are taking longer to register a positive result, such as the virus multiplying faster somewhere other than the nostrils in some patients, says \u003ca href=\"https://dlmp.uw.edu/faculty/baird\">Dr. Geoffrey Baird\u003c/a>, chair of the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at the University of Washington School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Baird says perhaps the biggest factor is human error. After all, people doing these tests at home make mistakes and aren’t trained like those who are doing COVID-19 tests in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be some people who stick it in their mouth,” he says, explaining that not everyone follows the testing instructions as written. Some people even get mucus on the swab, mistakenly thinking mucus will have plenty of virus in it. “Actually you don’t want snot on the thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while, on average, people will get a positive antigen test result around the time they become infectious, Baird says it’s important to remember that there will always be plenty of people on either side of that average: those who test positive much earlier than most and those who test positive much later.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How well do these tests really work?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Antigen tests can be useful in certain situations (more on that in a minute), but Baird stresses that they have their limits. That was true even before the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Similar technology has existed for influenza for years and the recommendation was not to use them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antigen tests look for specific proteins inside the virus. Users typically swab their nostrils, and the tests take about 15 minutes to render a positive or negative result. But these at-home tests need much more virus to generate a positive result than a PCR test, which is done in a lab and involves letting trace amounts of viral genetic material “amplify” over time — usually a day or so. So even if very little virus is present, there should be enough to trigger a positive result (PCR tests may also keep turning up positive long after someone has cleared the infection).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both kinds of tests have their advantages and disadvantages. And there are two measures of test performance to know about: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/15/834497497/antibody-tests-for-coronavirus-can-miss-the-mark\">specificity and sensitivity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specificity is how good the test is at avoiding false positives. And sensitivity is how good the test is at finding the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antigen-tests-guidelines.html#table1\">According to the CDC\u003c/a>, antigen and PCR tests are both good at avoiding false positives, but PCR tests are generally more sensitive than home tests. That means antigen tests aren’t all that useful for ruling \u003cem>out \u003c/em>COVID-19, but they can be valuable for confirming that cold really \u003cem>is \u003c/em>COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t have any symptoms though, don’t count on antigen tests to give you a definitive answer on whether or not you’re in the clear. This is also what researchers found when they took a look at more than 100 studies of antigen tests and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD013705.pub3/full\">published their findings\u003c/a> in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews this past July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rapid antigen tests are considerably less accurate when they are used in people with no signs or symptoms of infection, but do perform better in people who have been in contact with someone who has confirmed COVID‐19,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same researchers also found that not all home tests were equally accurate. Their review included 49 different kinds of tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw a lot of variation in the sensitivity of different brands of tests and our overall results combine findings from different studies that evaluated the same tests,” lead author Jacqueline Dinnes from the University of Birmingham \u003ca href=\"https://www.cochrane.org/podcasts/10.1002/14651858.CD013705.pub3\">said in a podcast\u003c/a> about the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So what are these tests actually good for?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even though it seems like a good idea to have everyone take a rapid COVID-19 test the day of a gathering to make sure they’re negative, experts say that’s not how the tests were meant to be used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A positive test is almost always true,” Colgrove says. “So in a person with an exposure or a person with suggestive symptoms, if they do a test and it’s positive, you’re done. You have your diagnosis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/06/30/1108615724/positive-test-isolation\">slightly different story\u003c/a> if you are getting over COVID-19 and are testing to see whether you’re still positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a negative “does not rule out” a COVID-19 infection, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html\">according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. If someone tests negative, they’re supposed to take another antigen test 48 hours later to see if it turns positive. And if that person has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/home-covid-19-antigen-tests-take-steps-reduce-your-risk-false-negative-results-fda-safety\">known COVID exposure or symptoms\u003c/a>, the FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/11/1117060962/covid-19-home-tests-fda\">recommends a third test \u003c/a>48 hours after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best way to use the tests is to know their limits and follow instructions for retesting when you get a negative result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a person who had suggestive symptoms now, in the middle of the epidemic where the prevalence of the infection is high, a single negative test is not enough to rule out infection,” Colgrove says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have COVID-19 symptoms, even if your test is negative, it’s a good idea to be cautious and just stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+it+time+for+a+reality+check+on+rapid+COVID+tests%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the COVID-19 pandemic enters its fourth year, a negative result on a little plastic at-home test feels a bit less comforting than it once did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, you dutifully swab your nostrils before dinner parties, wait 15 minutes for the all-clear and then text the host “negative!” before leaving your KN95 mask at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It feels like the right thing to do, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus has mutated and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/01/06/1147372029/new-covid-omicron-subvariant-spreading-fast-data\">then mutated again\u003c/a>, with the tests offering at least some sense of control as the Greek letters pile up. But some experts caution against putting too much faith in a negative result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s only fitting to do a reality check on what those rapid COVID-19 tests, also called antigen tests, can do — and what they can’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is the latest omicron variant tripping up at-home tests?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For the most part, the answer is no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because as the virus evolves, scientists are mainly seeing changes in its spike protein, which is what the virus uses to attack and enter healthy cells. But the rapid antigen tests aren’t actually looking for that spike protein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[The tests] rely on detection of the nucleocapsid protein, which is the protein that is directly encapsulating the viral RNA,” says \u003ca href=\"https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Person/32693\">Dr. Robin Colgrove\u003c/a>, a professor at Harvard Medical School and chair of the Diagnostics Committee of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says this interior protein really hasn’t changed much as the virus has mutated over the years. So, at least for now, the rapid tests can detect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health agencies are monitoring the situation in case that changes. The Food and Drug Administration is working with the National Institutes of Health to study just how well the at-home tests work as the virus continues to evolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the agencies have identified only one test — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-covid-19-and-medical-devices/sars-cov-2-viral-mutations-impact-covid-19-tests#63c123b8800ae\">Luminostics Inc. Clip COVID Rapid Antigen Test\u003c/a> — that has been rendered less reliable in the face of new variants. And even then, the FDA says “the impact does not appear to be significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Are antigen tests taking longer to show a positive?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some people report having negative antigen test results for days, despite having a known COVID-19 exposure and the telltale symptoms. Eventually, they test positive, but it can sometimes take as long as a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The phenomenon is somewhat mysterious, says Colgrove. He acknowledges that doctors are seeing it, but so far, it’s only anecdotal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What kind of an experiment would you have to do to answer that question?” he says, explaining that it would be difficult to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Many factors could make it seem as though home tests are taking longer to register a positive result, such as the virus multiplying faster somewhere other than the nostrils in some patients, says \u003ca href=\"https://dlmp.uw.edu/faculty/baird\">Dr. Geoffrey Baird\u003c/a>, chair of the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology at the University of Washington School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Baird says perhaps the biggest factor is human error. After all, people doing these tests at home make mistakes and aren’t trained like those who are doing COVID-19 tests in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s going to be some people who stick it in their mouth,” he says, explaining that not everyone follows the testing instructions as written. Some people even get mucus on the swab, mistakenly thinking mucus will have plenty of virus in it. “Actually you don’t want snot on the thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while, on average, people will get a positive antigen test result around the time they become infectious, Baird says it’s important to remember that there will always be plenty of people on either side of that average: those who test positive much earlier than most and those who test positive much later.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How well do these tests really work?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Antigen tests can be useful in certain situations (more on that in a minute), but Baird stresses that they have their limits. That was true even before the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Similar technology has existed for influenza for years and the recommendation was not to use them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antigen tests look for specific proteins inside the virus. Users typically swab their nostrils, and the tests take about 15 minutes to render a positive or negative result. But these at-home tests need much more virus to generate a positive result than a PCR test, which is done in a lab and involves letting trace amounts of viral genetic material “amplify” over time — usually a day or so. So even if very little virus is present, there should be enough to trigger a positive result (PCR tests may also keep turning up positive long after someone has cleared the infection).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both kinds of tests have their advantages and disadvantages. And there are two measures of test performance to know about: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/04/15/834497497/antibody-tests-for-coronavirus-can-miss-the-mark\">specificity and sensitivity\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specificity is how good the test is at avoiding false positives. And sensitivity is how good the test is at finding the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antigen-tests-guidelines.html#table1\">According to the CDC\u003c/a>, antigen and PCR tests are both good at avoiding false positives, but PCR tests are generally more sensitive than home tests. That means antigen tests aren’t all that useful for ruling \u003cem>out \u003c/em>COVID-19, but they can be valuable for confirming that cold really \u003cem>is \u003c/em>COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t have any symptoms though, don’t count on antigen tests to give you a definitive answer on whether or not you’re in the clear. This is also what researchers found when they took a look at more than 100 studies of antigen tests and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD013705.pub3/full\">published their findings\u003c/a> in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews this past July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rapid antigen tests are considerably less accurate when they are used in people with no signs or symptoms of infection, but do perform better in people who have been in contact with someone who has confirmed COVID‐19,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same researchers also found that not all home tests were equally accurate. Their review included 49 different kinds of tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw a lot of variation in the sensitivity of different brands of tests and our overall results combine findings from different studies that evaluated the same tests,” lead author Jacqueline Dinnes from the University of Birmingham \u003ca href=\"https://www.cochrane.org/podcasts/10.1002/14651858.CD013705.pub3\">said in a podcast\u003c/a> about the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So what are these tests actually good for?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even though it seems like a good idea to have everyone take a rapid COVID-19 test the day of a gathering to make sure they’re negative, experts say that’s not how the tests were meant to be used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A positive test is almost always true,” Colgrove says. “So in a person with an exposure or a person with suggestive symptoms, if they do a test and it’s positive, you’re done. You have your diagnosis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/06/30/1108615724/positive-test-isolation\">slightly different story\u003c/a> if you are getting over COVID-19 and are testing to see whether you’re still positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a negative “does not rule out” a COVID-19 infection, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html\">according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. If someone tests negative, they’re supposed to take another antigen test 48 hours later to see if it turns positive. And if that person has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/safety-communications/home-covid-19-antigen-tests-take-steps-reduce-your-risk-false-negative-results-fda-safety\">known COVID exposure or symptoms\u003c/a>, the FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/11/1117060962/covid-19-home-tests-fda\">recommends a third test \u003c/a>48 hours after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best way to use the tests is to know their limits and follow instructions for retesting when you get a negative result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a person who had suggestive symptoms now, in the middle of the epidemic where the prevalence of the infection is high, a single negative test is not enough to rule out infection,” Colgrove says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have COVID-19 symptoms, even if your test is negative, it’s a good idea to be cautious and just stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+it+time+for+a+reality+check+on+rapid+COVID+tests%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "the-us-faces-unprecedented-uncertainty-regarding-abortion-law-legal-scholar-says",
"title": "The US Faces 'Unprecedented Uncertainty' Regarding Abortion Law, Legal Scholar Says",
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"headTitle": "The US Faces ‘Unprecedented Uncertainty’ Regarding Abortion Law, Legal Scholar Says | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In June 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in \u003cem>Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/24/1102305878/supreme-court-abortion-roe-v-wade-decision-overturn\">struck down\u003c/a> \u003cem>Roe v. Wade\u003c/em>, the 1973 landmark ruling that guaranteed the right to an abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without \u003cem>Roe\u003c/em>, the Court’s decision left it up to the states to decide on the legality of abortion and the restrictions surrounding it. Legal scholar \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucdavis.edu/people/mary-ziegler\">Mary Ziegler \u003c/a>chronicles the legal, political and cultural debate around abortion in the new book, \u003cem>Roe: The History of a National Obsession\u003c/em>. She says the battle over abortion rights is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at a moment of really almost unprecedented uncertainty in the United States when it comes to abortion,” Ziegler says. “Lots of people are waking up to the reality that what was a constitutional right not very long ago is now a crime in large swaths of the country.”[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11931183,news_11926949,news_11931860\"]Some states, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/09/1134833374/california-results-abortion-contraception-amendment-midterms\">California\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/09/1134834724/michigan-abortion-amendment-midterm-results\">Michigan\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/2022-live-primary-election-race-results/2022/08/02/1115317596/kansas-voters-abortion-legal-reject-constitutional-amendment\">Kansas \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/08/1121940025/south-carolina-senators-reject-a-near-total-abortion-ban\">South Carolina\u003c/a>, have responded to the \u003cem>Dobbs \u003c/em>decision by protecting legal access to abortion. Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/06/24/1107126432/abortion-bans-supreme-court-roe-v-wade\">more than a dozen other states\u003c/a>, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/12/1122481691/idahos-extensive-abortion-ban-is-impacting-neighboring-washington\">Idaho\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/22/1118635642/abortion-trigger-ban-tennessee-idaho-texas\">Tennessee\u003c/a>, Arkansas and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/07/26/1111280165/because-of-texas-abortion-law-her-wanted-pregnancy-became-a-medical-nightmare\">Texas\u003c/a>, have moved to enact sweeping abortion bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Texas, for instance, abortion is a felony punishable by up to life in prison. The state’s law explicitly prohibits criminally prosecuting people seeking abortions. Instead, it focuses on abortion providers, as well as people who aid or abet them — including those who help fund abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are states where abortion is legal, but hasn’t been explicitly protected as a right in a state’s constitution or by court decisions. Ziegler points to Florida, which, because it has more liberal abortion laws than its neighboring states, is considered a “receiving state,” for people seeking abortion. “Florida, at the moment, has a 15-week ban, but nothing more than that,” she says. “We expect to see some of those states [like Florida] become battlegrounds in the years ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Ziegler acknowledges that no one knows what the future of abortion rights in the U.S. will look like, one thing is certain: This is a story that’s larger than one court decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The story of our abortion politics has always been one about more than the Supreme Court telling us what to do,” she says. “It’s been grassroots movements. It’s been ordinary voters, it’s been legislatures, it’s been state courts. And that’s going to continue to be true. So I think we’re at the very beginning of something very confusing, but also something that is far, far from over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Interview highlights\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how confusion about abortion law can stop people from exercising their right to an abortion\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of people, if they’re not sure what is and is not OK, may make the decision to not come close to crossing the line. They may be scared away from exercising a right they do, in fact, have. But I think we’re at a moment of really almost unprecedented uncertainty in the United States when it comes to abortion. That’s true of the laws. It’s true of the way abortion care is delivered. It’s true, frankly, of the strategies that are being pursued by both movements. I think the kind of old hierarchies in the movements on both sides were shaken up by the \u003cem>Dobbs \u003c/em>decision and the political developments of the past couple of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Texas prosecutors targeting abortion funds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abortion funds kind of emerged because it was very difficult for low-income people to pay for abortions because of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/31/1001881788/bidens-budget-proposal-reverses-a-decades-long-ban-on-abortion-funding\">Hyde Amendment\u003c/a>, which bans federal Medicaid monies being used for reimbursement for abortions. So these abortion funds have been an important part of the funding reality for decades. And these demand letters that were sent to the abortion funds in Texas essentially suggested that they had been aiding and abetting a criminal act and demanded, among other things, details about their patients’ information.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Mary Ziegler, author, 'Roe: The History of a National Obsession'\"]‘We’re at a moment of really almost unprecedented uncertainty in the United States when it comes to abortion. Lots of people are waking up to the reality that what was a constitutional right not very long ago is now a crime in large swaths of the country.’[/pullquote]And I think this has been frightening for people who support abortion rights, not only because of what it would mean for abortion funds, which, as I mentioned, are kind of the only way that low-income people have been able to reliably access money for abortion, but also because they suggest at least the possibility that people who have abortions will be somehow swept into the criminal system too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how federal health privacy law doesn’t protect a lot of digital privacy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s lots of information related to reproductive health services that doesn’t come from HIPAA-protected sources. Abortion funds are not medical providers. If you’re on Facebook talking to your friends about whether you’re going to have an abortion, that’s not protected by HIPAA. If you’re using your phone and you’re using Google Maps to get to a clinic and Google sells that data to various advertisers, there’s nothing theoretically stopping law enforcement from purchasing the same data. So in a world where abortion is a crime, it’s a reminder of how little digital privacy many of us already have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how are anti-abortion activists using the \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/07/1013592570/how-an-anti-vice-crusader-sabotaged-the-early-birth-control-movement\">\u003cstrong>Comstock Act\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> (an 1873 law that prohibits mailing “obscene” materials) to target pills by mail\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anti-abortion movement read the Comstock Act to say that it’s illegal to mail abortion pills anywhere — full stop — for any purpose. And so that would be tantamount to saying abortion pills themselves are entirely illegal because all abortion pills that any patient in the United States takes have been in the mail in some way or another. Abortion clinics are not manufacturing their own pills; they’re purchasing them from drug companies, pharmacies or getting them in the mail. People having telehealth procedures are getting them in the mail for the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11938539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11938539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1446517756-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A woman of color with a megaphone gets close to the face of an angry stone-faced white man as she speaks into the megaphone\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1446517756-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1446517756-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1446517756-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1446517756.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-abortion-rights and anti-abortion demonstrators clash in what has become a monthly ritual, as anti-abortion activists attempt to walk from the Old St. Patrick’s Church to a Planned Parenthood clinic, Dec. 3, 2022, in New York City, New York. \u003ccite>(Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This argument isn’t going to go anywhere, likely because the Justice Department just put out a memorandum saying that, for the time being, the federal government interprets the Comstock Act to only apply to people who are mailing abortion [pills] with criminal intention. That is to say, deliberately trying to violate laws against those abortion pills, which would make it much harder to prosecute anyone under the Comstock Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But anti-abortion activists who are invoking the Comstock Act are really playing the long game. They’re hoping either, 1) through lawsuits to get arguments about the Comstock Act before the Supreme Court, which is very conservative on abortion and may agree with anti-abortion activists’ interpretation of the Comstock Act, or, 2) just bide time until a Republican is in the White House and a Republican [Department of Justice] takes a different interpretation of the Comstock Act. So we’re seeing this argument crop up in lawsuits. We’re seeing it crop up in local ordinances passed by small towns in blue, red and purple states that mention the Comstock Act. So it’s become a kind of central part of strategy in some quarters in the anti-abortion movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On questions around the legality of traveling out of state for an abortion\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are pre-file bills in places like Texas and Missouri that try to put a stop to out-of-state travel for abortion. For the most part, based on the pre-file bills we’re seeing, states are not directly saying, “We’re going to criminalize travel or allow people to be sued for traveling.” They’re going more kind of indirect routes where they’re either allowing kind of SB8 [\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/11/1107741175/texas-abortion-bounty-law\">Texas Senate Bill 8.\u003c/a>]-style “bounties” against people who help others travel for abortion, people who maybe perform abortions for people from states where it’s criminal, kind of focusing on doctors and aiders or abettors. What’s unusual about that, obviously, is that one state usually can’t tell another state what to do.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Mary Ziegler, author, 'Roe: The History of a National Obsession'\"]‘I think we’re at the very beginning of something very confusing, but also something that is far, far from over.’[/pullquote]Imagine a woman from Mississippi travels to South Carolina where there’s now going to have to be legal abortion and has an abortion. And then Mississippi says, “Well, we’re going to prosecute the doctor in Mississippi for this abortion.” Usually we don’t do things like that. We haven’t done things like that really since before the Civil War, when there were fugitive slave laws in place. So it creates all kinds of uncertainty about whose law would apply. Would it be Mississippi’s or South Carolina’s in that hypothetical? Would it be constitutional for Mississippi to tell South Carolina doctors what to do? Or would that raise all kinds of red flags constitutionally? We don’t know any of the answers to that. And again, the one thing we do know is that they would most likely land before the same U.S. Supreme Court that reversed \u003cem>Roe v. Wade\u003c/em>, which is why state legislators are willing to try things out that are unprecedented in recent history and potentially constitutionally questionable as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the anti-abortion movement’s crack down on free speech and information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If people don’t know what their options are, in other words, they don’t know where the clinic out of state is, they don’t know how to get abortion pills in the mail, or they don’t know how to use them safely, or how late in pregnancy it’s safe to do so, some people quite simply aren’t going to have those abortions. And so I think the effort to crack down on speech has not just been about advocacy, it’s been about access to information — online as well as offline. … There’s been a kind of concerted effort to … prevent people from accessing kind of basic information about what medication abortion involves or what kinds of services might be available in nearby states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sam Briger and Susan Nyakundi produced and edited this interview for broadcast. Bridget Bentz, Molly Seavy-Nesper and Carmel Wroth adapted it for the web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Legal scholar Mary Ziegler, who chronicles the legal, political and cultural debate around abortion in her new book, says the battle over abortion rights is far from over and that it's a story that's larger than one court decision.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In June 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in \u003cem>Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/24/1102305878/supreme-court-abortion-roe-v-wade-decision-overturn\">struck down\u003c/a> \u003cem>Roe v. Wade\u003c/em>, the 1973 landmark ruling that guaranteed the right to an abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without \u003cem>Roe\u003c/em>, the Court’s decision left it up to the states to decide on the legality of abortion and the restrictions surrounding it. Legal scholar \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucdavis.edu/people/mary-ziegler\">Mary Ziegler \u003c/a>chronicles the legal, political and cultural debate around abortion in the new book, \u003cem>Roe: The History of a National Obsession\u003c/em>. She says the battle over abortion rights is far from over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at a moment of really almost unprecedented uncertainty in the United States when it comes to abortion,” Ziegler says. “Lots of people are waking up to the reality that what was a constitutional right not very long ago is now a crime in large swaths of the country.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some states, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/09/1134833374/california-results-abortion-contraception-amendment-midterms\">California\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/09/1134834724/michigan-abortion-amendment-midterm-results\">Michigan\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/2022-live-primary-election-race-results/2022/08/02/1115317596/kansas-voters-abortion-legal-reject-constitutional-amendment\">Kansas \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/08/1121940025/south-carolina-senators-reject-a-near-total-abortion-ban\">South Carolina\u003c/a>, have responded to the \u003cem>Dobbs \u003c/em>decision by protecting legal access to abortion. Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/06/24/1107126432/abortion-bans-supreme-court-roe-v-wade\">more than a dozen other states\u003c/a>, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/12/1122481691/idahos-extensive-abortion-ban-is-impacting-neighboring-washington\">Idaho\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/22/1118635642/abortion-trigger-ban-tennessee-idaho-texas\">Tennessee\u003c/a>, Arkansas and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/07/26/1111280165/because-of-texas-abortion-law-her-wanted-pregnancy-became-a-medical-nightmare\">Texas\u003c/a>, have moved to enact sweeping abortion bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Texas, for instance, abortion is a felony punishable by up to life in prison. The state’s law explicitly prohibits criminally prosecuting people seeking abortions. Instead, it focuses on abortion providers, as well as people who aid or abet them — including those who help fund abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are states where abortion is legal, but hasn’t been explicitly protected as a right in a state’s constitution or by court decisions. Ziegler points to Florida, which, because it has more liberal abortion laws than its neighboring states, is considered a “receiving state,” for people seeking abortion. “Florida, at the moment, has a 15-week ban, but nothing more than that,” she says. “We expect to see some of those states [like Florida] become battlegrounds in the years ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Ziegler acknowledges that no one knows what the future of abortion rights in the U.S. will look like, one thing is certain: This is a story that’s larger than one court decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The story of our abortion politics has always been one about more than the Supreme Court telling us what to do,” she says. “It’s been grassroots movements. It’s been ordinary voters, it’s been legislatures, it’s been state courts. And that’s going to continue to be true. So I think we’re at the very beginning of something very confusing, but also something that is far, far from over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Interview highlights\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how confusion about abortion law can stop people from exercising their right to an abortion\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of people, if they’re not sure what is and is not OK, may make the decision to not come close to crossing the line. They may be scared away from exercising a right they do, in fact, have. But I think we’re at a moment of really almost unprecedented uncertainty in the United States when it comes to abortion. That’s true of the laws. It’s true of the way abortion care is delivered. It’s true, frankly, of the strategies that are being pursued by both movements. I think the kind of old hierarchies in the movements on both sides were shaken up by the \u003cem>Dobbs \u003c/em>decision and the political developments of the past couple of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On Texas prosecutors targeting abortion funds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abortion funds kind of emerged because it was very difficult for low-income people to pay for abortions because of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/31/1001881788/bidens-budget-proposal-reverses-a-decades-long-ban-on-abortion-funding\">Hyde Amendment\u003c/a>, which bans federal Medicaid monies being used for reimbursement for abortions. So these abortion funds have been an important part of the funding reality for decades. And these demand letters that were sent to the abortion funds in Texas essentially suggested that they had been aiding and abetting a criminal act and demanded, among other things, details about their patients’ information.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And I think this has been frightening for people who support abortion rights, not only because of what it would mean for abortion funds, which, as I mentioned, are kind of the only way that low-income people have been able to reliably access money for abortion, but also because they suggest at least the possibility that people who have abortions will be somehow swept into the criminal system too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how federal health privacy law doesn’t protect a lot of digital privacy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s lots of information related to reproductive health services that doesn’t come from HIPAA-protected sources. Abortion funds are not medical providers. If you’re on Facebook talking to your friends about whether you’re going to have an abortion, that’s not protected by HIPAA. If you’re using your phone and you’re using Google Maps to get to a clinic and Google sells that data to various advertisers, there’s nothing theoretically stopping law enforcement from purchasing the same data. So in a world where abortion is a crime, it’s a reminder of how little digital privacy many of us already have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how are anti-abortion activists using the \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/07/1013592570/how-an-anti-vice-crusader-sabotaged-the-early-birth-control-movement\">\u003cstrong>Comstock Act\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> (an 1873 law that prohibits mailing “obscene” materials) to target pills by mail\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anti-abortion movement read the Comstock Act to say that it’s illegal to mail abortion pills anywhere — full stop — for any purpose. And so that would be tantamount to saying abortion pills themselves are entirely illegal because all abortion pills that any patient in the United States takes have been in the mail in some way or another. Abortion clinics are not manufacturing their own pills; they’re purchasing them from drug companies, pharmacies or getting them in the mail. People having telehealth procedures are getting them in the mail for the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11938539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11938539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1446517756-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A woman of color with a megaphone gets close to the face of an angry stone-faced white man as she speaks into the megaphone\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1446517756-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1446517756-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1446517756-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1446517756.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-abortion-rights and anti-abortion demonstrators clash in what has become a monthly ritual, as anti-abortion activists attempt to walk from the Old St. Patrick’s Church to a Planned Parenthood clinic, Dec. 3, 2022, in New York City, New York. \u003ccite>(Andrew Lichtenstein/Corbis via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This argument isn’t going to go anywhere, likely because the Justice Department just put out a memorandum saying that, for the time being, the federal government interprets the Comstock Act to only apply to people who are mailing abortion [pills] with criminal intention. That is to say, deliberately trying to violate laws against those abortion pills, which would make it much harder to prosecute anyone under the Comstock Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But anti-abortion activists who are invoking the Comstock Act are really playing the long game. They’re hoping either, 1) through lawsuits to get arguments about the Comstock Act before the Supreme Court, which is very conservative on abortion and may agree with anti-abortion activists’ interpretation of the Comstock Act, or, 2) just bide time until a Republican is in the White House and a Republican [Department of Justice] takes a different interpretation of the Comstock Act. So we’re seeing this argument crop up in lawsuits. We’re seeing it crop up in local ordinances passed by small towns in blue, red and purple states that mention the Comstock Act. So it’s become a kind of central part of strategy in some quarters in the anti-abortion movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On questions around the legality of traveling out of state for an abortion\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are pre-file bills in places like Texas and Missouri that try to put a stop to out-of-state travel for abortion. For the most part, based on the pre-file bills we’re seeing, states are not directly saying, “We’re going to criminalize travel or allow people to be sued for traveling.” They’re going more kind of indirect routes where they’re either allowing kind of SB8 [\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/07/11/1107741175/texas-abortion-bounty-law\">Texas Senate Bill 8.\u003c/a>]-style “bounties” against people who help others travel for abortion, people who maybe perform abortions for people from states where it’s criminal, kind of focusing on doctors and aiders or abettors. What’s unusual about that, obviously, is that one state usually can’t tell another state what to do.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Imagine a woman from Mississippi travels to South Carolina where there’s now going to have to be legal abortion and has an abortion. And then Mississippi says, “Well, we’re going to prosecute the doctor in Mississippi for this abortion.” Usually we don’t do things like that. We haven’t done things like that really since before the Civil War, when there were fugitive slave laws in place. So it creates all kinds of uncertainty about whose law would apply. Would it be Mississippi’s or South Carolina’s in that hypothetical? Would it be constitutional for Mississippi to tell South Carolina doctors what to do? Or would that raise all kinds of red flags constitutionally? We don’t know any of the answers to that. And again, the one thing we do know is that they would most likely land before the same U.S. Supreme Court that reversed \u003cem>Roe v. Wade\u003c/em>, which is why state legislators are willing to try things out that are unprecedented in recent history and potentially constitutionally questionable as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the anti-abortion movement’s crack down on free speech and information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If people don’t know what their options are, in other words, they don’t know where the clinic out of state is, they don’t know how to get abortion pills in the mail, or they don’t know how to use them safely, or how late in pregnancy it’s safe to do so, some people quite simply aren’t going to have those abortions. And so I think the effort to crack down on speech has not just been about advocacy, it’s been about access to information — online as well as offline. … There’s been a kind of concerted effort to … prevent people from accessing kind of basic information about what medication abortion involves or what kinds of services might be available in nearby states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sam Briger and Susan Nyakundi produced and edited this interview for broadcast. Bridget Bentz, Molly Seavy-Nesper and Carmel Wroth adapted it for the web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Are you in need of some mid-century modern furniture, industrial kitchen equipment or audio-visual systems? Or looking to brighten up your apartment with a giant neon bird sign?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then you're in luck. Twitter's San Francisco headquarters \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194?page=1&pageSize=60\">is auctioning off \"surplus corporate office assets\"\u003c/a> online for a fleeting 27 hours, giving potential lucky bidders the chance to take a piece of the struggling company home with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auction house Global Heritage Partners is running the de facto fire sale, which will close at 10 a.m. PT (1 p.m. ET) on Wednesday and charges a buyer's premium of 18%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 631 lots include office supplies like projectors and massive white boards (in both \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/15d7592f-719e-431c-9125-af8200045f53\">old-school\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/8617dff3-0418-42d0-8569-af640116906d\">digital form)\u003c/a>, kitchen equipment from espresso machines to refrigerators (including \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/74019a73-ac15-4102-9969-af6401169068\">a kegerator\u003c/a> beer dispenser), a wide variety of chairs and couches and miscellaneous modern-day workplace staples like assorted \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/9011317c-240f-4792-99f6-af830179062e\">power adapters\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/e43a009c-7e06-4df0-a27a-af890180b184\">KN95 masks\u003c/a> in bulk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a bit of Twitter-specific memorabilia, including a six-foot-tall \"@\"-shaped \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/7488c826-21ce-49f1-acbe-af6600531ecc\">planter sculpture\u003c/a> filled with artificial flowers (with a high bid of $8,250), a \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/6db3e1b4-a543-4c6f-a7fb-af6c006a275f\">blue neon sign\u003c/a> in the shape of the app's bird logo ($22,500) and a smaller, sturdier \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/d329a468-4356-4b5b-9025-af6401169064\">bird statue\u003c/a> ($20,500).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other notable items include \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/87bb71f9-2140-42aa-bfbb-af6401169068\">a pizza oven\u003c/a> ($10,000), a \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/1ec7c981-1c19-4715-a2b1-af8800f3cca6\">conference room-sized booth\u003c/a> ($7,250) and several \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/?term=soundproof+phone+booths\">individual \u003c/a>soundproof phone booths, packs of high-end \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/43b89ce3-36b4-45c3-a343-af6401169072\">desk chairs\u003c/a> ($4,900) and \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/61521093-cd88-41c7-bdd7-af6501242e1b\">sit-stand desks\u003c/a> ($900) and two stationary bikes that double as \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/741e512b-bf81-4b2c-a54e-af6401169064\">recharging stations\u003c/a> ($2,400).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, an eclectic assortment of goods and a jarring sight for those who once used them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Weird to see the Twitter office on auction,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kevinweil/status/1614663954365829124?s=20&t=2pYfdoXK1jubg6IuwVckbA\">tweeted Kevin Weil\u003c/a>, the company's former senior vice president of product. \"Great memories from a different era.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Budman, an NBC News tech and business reporter, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/scottbudman/status/1615573183960346625?s=20&t=et4c8s_mN9IYkmur8Ci0jw\">pointed out\u003c/a> some familiar items: A table where he interviewed former Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey got a bid for $1,000, the espresso machine where former editorial director Karen Wickre offered him coffee is going for $1,700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Good luck, I guess,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross Dove, chief executive of Heritage Global, the parent company of Heritage Global Partners, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/17/business/twitter-office-auction.html\">told the New York Times\u003c/a> that more than 20,000 people had registered to bid online — the most of any of the firm's auctions over the last 90 years and a fact he attributes to the public's fascination with Twitter and Musk himself. He estimated that the auction would net Twitter some $1.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The auction comes at a tough time for the company, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/25/1139180002/twitter-loses-50-top-advertisers-elon-musk\">lost many major advertisers\u003c/a> — as well as employees, thanks to layoffs and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/17/1137413251/twitter-employees-quit-elon-musk\">mass resignations\u003c/a> — after Elon Musk took over in October and has since sought to aggressively cut costs and raise revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk — who has announced his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/20/1144182209/twitter-elon-musk-resigns\">plans to resign\u003c/a> as CEO — \u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-no-longer-in-fast-lane-to-bankruptcy-2022-12\">said in December\u003c/a> that the company was \"not, like, in the fast lane to bankruptcy anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, its financial outlook remains murky, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/13/technology/elon-musk-twitter-shakeup.html\">the New York Times reporting\u003c/a> that same month that Twitter had not paid rent for its San Francisco headquarters or any global offices for weeks and was considering denying people severance payments. Employees have also discussed the possibility of selling usernames to make money, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/11/technology/twitter-user-names-elon-musk.html\">\u003cem>Times reported\u003c/em>\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, Guinness World Records confirmed that Musk had \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/12/1148634966/elon-musk-guinness-world-records#:~:text=Musk%20lost%20between%20%24180%20billion,level%20of%20about%20%24147%20billion.\">broken the record\u003c/a> for largest amount of money lost by one individual. He lost between $180 billion and $200 billion since November 2021, largely due to the poor performance of Tesla stocks in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk remains the second-richest person in the world and, as of this week, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/17/1149410747/elon-musk-tesla-tweet-trial\">on trial for securities fraud\u003c/a> over a series of 2018 tweets teasing a Tesla buyout that never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">[ad fullwidth]\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+is+auctioning+off+office+supplies%2C+including+a+pizza+oven+and+neon+bird+sign&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Are you in need of some mid-century modern furniture, industrial kitchen equipment or audio-visual systems? Or looking to brighten up your apartment with a giant neon bird sign?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then you're in luck. Twitter's San Francisco headquarters \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194?page=1&pageSize=60\">is auctioning off \"surplus corporate office assets\"\u003c/a> online for a fleeting 27 hours, giving potential lucky bidders the chance to take a piece of the struggling company home with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auction house Global Heritage Partners is running the de facto fire sale, which will close at 10 a.m. PT (1 p.m. ET) on Wednesday and charges a buyer's premium of 18%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 631 lots include office supplies like projectors and massive white boards (in both \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/15d7592f-719e-431c-9125-af8200045f53\">old-school\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/8617dff3-0418-42d0-8569-af640116906d\">digital form)\u003c/a>, kitchen equipment from espresso machines to refrigerators (including \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/74019a73-ac15-4102-9969-af6401169068\">a kegerator\u003c/a> beer dispenser), a wide variety of chairs and couches and miscellaneous modern-day workplace staples like assorted \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/9011317c-240f-4792-99f6-af830179062e\">power adapters\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/e43a009c-7e06-4df0-a27a-af890180b184\">KN95 masks\u003c/a> in bulk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also a bit of Twitter-specific memorabilia, including a six-foot-tall \"@\"-shaped \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/7488c826-21ce-49f1-acbe-af6600531ecc\">planter sculpture\u003c/a> filled with artificial flowers (with a high bid of $8,250), a \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/6db3e1b4-a543-4c6f-a7fb-af6c006a275f\">blue neon sign\u003c/a> in the shape of the app's bird logo ($22,500) and a smaller, sturdier \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/d329a468-4356-4b5b-9025-af6401169064\">bird statue\u003c/a> ($20,500).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other notable items include \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/87bb71f9-2140-42aa-bfbb-af6401169068\">a pizza oven\u003c/a> ($10,000), a \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/1ec7c981-1c19-4715-a2b1-af8800f3cca6\">conference room-sized booth\u003c/a> ($7,250) and several \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/?term=soundproof+phone+booths\">individual \u003c/a>soundproof phone booths, packs of high-end \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/43b89ce3-36b4-45c3-a343-af6401169072\">desk chairs\u003c/a> ($4,900) and \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/61521093-cd88-41c7-bdd7-af6501242e1b\">sit-stand desks\u003c/a> ($900) and two stationary bikes that double as \u003ca href=\"https://bid.hgpauction.com/auctions/8421/herita10194/lot-details/741e512b-bf81-4b2c-a54e-af6401169064\">recharging stations\u003c/a> ($2,400).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, an eclectic assortment of goods and a jarring sight for those who once used them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Weird to see the Twitter office on auction,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kevinweil/status/1614663954365829124?s=20&t=2pYfdoXK1jubg6IuwVckbA\">tweeted Kevin Weil\u003c/a>, the company's former senior vice president of product. \"Great memories from a different era.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Budman, an NBC News tech and business reporter, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/scottbudman/status/1615573183960346625?s=20&t=et4c8s_mN9IYkmur8Ci0jw\">pointed out\u003c/a> some familiar items: A table where he interviewed former Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey got a bid for $1,000, the espresso machine where former editorial director Karen Wickre offered him coffee is going for $1,700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Good luck, I guess,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross Dove, chief executive of Heritage Global, the parent company of Heritage Global Partners, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/17/business/twitter-office-auction.html\">told the New York Times\u003c/a> that more than 20,000 people had registered to bid online — the most of any of the firm's auctions over the last 90 years and a fact he attributes to the public's fascination with Twitter and Musk himself. He estimated that the auction would net Twitter some $1.5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The auction comes at a tough time for the company, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/25/1139180002/twitter-loses-50-top-advertisers-elon-musk\">lost many major advertisers\u003c/a> — as well as employees, thanks to layoffs and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/17/1137413251/twitter-employees-quit-elon-musk\">mass resignations\u003c/a> — after Elon Musk took over in October and has since sought to aggressively cut costs and raise revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk — who has announced his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/20/1144182209/twitter-elon-musk-resigns\">plans to resign\u003c/a> as CEO — \u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-no-longer-in-fast-lane-to-bankruptcy-2022-12\">said in December\u003c/a> that the company was \"not, like, in the fast lane to bankruptcy anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, its financial outlook remains murky, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/13/technology/elon-musk-twitter-shakeup.html\">the New York Times reporting\u003c/a> that same month that Twitter had not paid rent for its San Francisco headquarters or any global offices for weeks and was considering denying people severance payments. Employees have also discussed the possibility of selling usernames to make money, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/11/technology/twitter-user-names-elon-musk.html\">\u003cem>Times reported\u003c/em>\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, Guinness World Records confirmed that Musk had \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/12/1148634966/elon-musk-guinness-world-records#:~:text=Musk%20lost%20between%20%24180%20billion,level%20of%20about%20%24147%20billion.\">broken the record\u003c/a> for largest amount of money lost by one individual. He lost between $180 billion and $200 billion since November 2021, largely due to the poor performance of Tesla stocks in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk remains the second-richest person in the world and, as of this week, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/17/1149410747/elon-musk-tesla-tweet-trial\">on trial for securities fraud\u003c/a> over a series of 2018 tweets teasing a Tesla buyout that never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Here's What's at Stake in Elon Musk's Tesla Tweet Trial",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 2018, before Elon Musk was making headlines for his role in running Twitter, he was making headlines for another Twitter-related controversy: allegedly using the platform to commit fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, a series of tweets about a possible $72-billion Tesla buyout that never materialized got Musk, the electric vehicle maker's CEO, in trouble with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-226\">The SEC said the billionaire knew a deal wasn't on the horizon. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a civil trial stemming from those tweets is being watched as a window into Musk's behavior, past and present, which means the trial could produce new controversies of its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial starts Tuesday in San Francisco with jury selection. Here's what else you need to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>First, a quick refresher on what happened with the buyout tweets\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On August 7, 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1026872652290379776\">Musk tweeted that he had secured the funding\u003c/a> needed to pay for a potential buyout of Tesla at $420 per share. He \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1026914941004001280?s=20&t=Le2qlAEifbYrHqt8OFXqxQ\">tweeted again on the same day\u003c/a>, implying that the move was imminent: The \"only reason\" why the move was not certain is because it's contingent upon a shareholder vote, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the buyout never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a week-long roller coaster in Tesla's stock price, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2018/8/13/17683316/elon-musk-tesla-private-saudi-arabia-funding-secured-sec\">the company said it didn't have the funding secured after all.\u003c/a> Musk said it was feedback from shareholders that made him change his mind about the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by the SEC commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-226\">led to a settlement with the company\u003c/a>, which included a $40 million fine, split evenly between Tesla and Musk, and Musk's relinquishment of his chairman role for at least three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SEC also said then that Musk wasn't even close to locking up the billions needed to pull off the buyout he teased on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdZZpaB2kDM\">Musk has since said \u003c/a>that he really believed he had the funding and that he entered into the SEC agreement under duress.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's the deal with this trial?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The trial stems from a class-action lawsuit brought by investors who owned Tesla stock during a 10-day period (Aug. 7-17) that began the same day as Musk's tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Judge Edward Chen has already ruled that Musk's initial tweets were \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/judge-rules-musks-tweets-over-taking-tesla-private-were-false-investors-say-2022-04-16/\">knowingly false and misleading\u003c/a>. A jury will now decide whether Musk acted recklessly by posting them, as well as whether he caused financial harm to Tesla shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla's stock prices swung by roughly $14 billion during the 10-day period covered in the lawsuit, the shareholders say.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's happened to Tesla stock since the 2018 drama?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The August 2018 shareholder loss wasn't sustained for long: When adjusting for two stock splits, Tesla's shares are now worth roughly six times more than their 2018 values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, recent investors have also lost a lot more than the $14 billion at the heart of the case. After a meteoric rise, Tesla shares started to plummet last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It lost 65% of its value in 2022 alone, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/06/1146941980/tesla-shares-elon-musk-twitter-electric-cars\">a dip partly due\u003c/a> to a tough year for the overall automobile industry and partly because of widespread disapproval of Musk's Twitter takeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk himself has broken the record for the most amount of money lost by one person in the shortest amount of time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/12/1148634966/elon-musk-guinness-world-records\">according to Guinness World Records.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His fortune went from an estimated $320 billion in 2021 to its current level of roughly $147 billion, though he's still one of the richest people in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's at stake for Musk?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The CEO could lose another chunk of change after this trial, depending on its outcome. The shareholders say Musk should pay damages for the financial risk he put them in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Tesla's stock price isn't directly on the line in this case, it could be swayed by another factor at stake: Musk's reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when shareholders are losing faith in Musk, we're likely to learn a thing or two about his management style from a witness lineup that includes top Tesla executives and Silicon Valley stars such as Oracle co-founder Larry Ellison, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-technology-san-francisco-business-f6f0e8de56e2ac55a7a0d4ab9d6f1758\">according to The Associated Press\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial has already turned into a bit of a referendum on Musk's likeability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Judge Chen rejected the billionaire's bid to transfer the trial to Texas, which has been the site of Tesla headquarters since 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk's lawyers said that he wouldn't get a fair trial in San Francisco due to the jury pool's probable biases against Musk related to his Twitter takeover, which included \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/17/1137413251/twitter-employees-quit-elon-musk\">laying off over 3,750 employees.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-technology-texas-san-francisco-business-6ac6780b84fa446c43821e1fffeaf930\">The judge sided with the shareholders' lawyers\u003c/a>, who said Musk had only himself to blame for any negative perceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here%27s+what%27s+at+stake+in+Elon+Musk%27s+Tesla+tweet+trial&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In 2018, Musk tweeted that he had secured enough funding to take Tesla private, but a deal never materialized. A trial over the risk he brought to shareholders could further tarnish the CEO's reputation.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2018, before Elon Musk was making headlines for his role in running Twitter, he was making headlines for another Twitter-related controversy: allegedly using the platform to commit fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, a series of tweets about a possible $72-billion Tesla buyout that never materialized got Musk, the electric vehicle maker's CEO, in trouble with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-226\">The SEC said the billionaire knew a deal wasn't on the horizon. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a civil trial stemming from those tweets is being watched as a window into Musk's behavior, past and present, which means the trial could produce new controversies of its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial starts Tuesday in San Francisco with jury selection. Here's what else you need to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>First, a quick refresher on what happened with the buyout tweets\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On August 7, 2018, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1026872652290379776\">Musk tweeted that he had secured the funding\u003c/a> needed to pay for a potential buyout of Tesla at $420 per share. He \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1026914941004001280?s=20&t=Le2qlAEifbYrHqt8OFXqxQ\">tweeted again on the same day\u003c/a>, implying that the move was imminent: The \"only reason\" why the move was not certain is because it's contingent upon a shareholder vote, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the buyout never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a week-long roller coaster in Tesla's stock price, \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2018/8/13/17683316/elon-musk-tesla-private-saudi-arabia-funding-secured-sec\">the company said it didn't have the funding secured after all.\u003c/a> Musk said it was feedback from shareholders that made him change his mind about the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by the SEC commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-226\">led to a settlement with the company\u003c/a>, which included a $40 million fine, split evenly between Tesla and Musk, and Musk's relinquishment of his chairman role for at least three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SEC also said then that Musk wasn't even close to locking up the billions needed to pull off the buyout he teased on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdZZpaB2kDM\">Musk has since said \u003c/a>that he really believed he had the funding and that he entered into the SEC agreement under duress.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's the deal with this trial?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The trial stems from a class-action lawsuit brought by investors who owned Tesla stock during a 10-day period (Aug. 7-17) that began the same day as Musk's tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Judge Edward Chen has already ruled that Musk's initial tweets were \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/judge-rules-musks-tweets-over-taking-tesla-private-were-false-investors-say-2022-04-16/\">knowingly false and misleading\u003c/a>. A jury will now decide whether Musk acted recklessly by posting them, as well as whether he caused financial harm to Tesla shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla's stock prices swung by roughly $14 billion during the 10-day period covered in the lawsuit, the shareholders say.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's happened to Tesla stock since the 2018 drama?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The August 2018 shareholder loss wasn't sustained for long: When adjusting for two stock splits, Tesla's shares are now worth roughly six times more than their 2018 values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, recent investors have also lost a lot more than the $14 billion at the heart of the case. After a meteoric rise, Tesla shares started to plummet last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It lost 65% of its value in 2022 alone, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/06/1146941980/tesla-shares-elon-musk-twitter-electric-cars\">a dip partly due\u003c/a> to a tough year for the overall automobile industry and partly because of widespread disapproval of Musk's Twitter takeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk himself has broken the record for the most amount of money lost by one person in the shortest amount of time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/12/1148634966/elon-musk-guinness-world-records\">according to Guinness World Records.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His fortune went from an estimated $320 billion in 2021 to its current level of roughly $147 billion, though he's still one of the richest people in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's at stake for Musk?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The CEO could lose another chunk of change after this trial, depending on its outcome. The shareholders say Musk should pay damages for the financial risk he put them in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Tesla's stock price isn't directly on the line in this case, it could be swayed by another factor at stake: Musk's reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when shareholders are losing faith in Musk, we're likely to learn a thing or two about his management style from a witness lineup that includes top Tesla executives and Silicon Valley stars such as Oracle co-founder Larry Ellison, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-technology-san-francisco-business-f6f0e8de56e2ac55a7a0d4ab9d6f1758\">according to The Associated Press\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial has already turned into a bit of a referendum on Musk's likeability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Judge Chen rejected the billionaire's bid to transfer the trial to Texas, which has been the site of Tesla headquarters since 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk's lawyers said that he wouldn't get a fair trial in San Francisco due to the jury pool's probable biases against Musk related to his Twitter takeover, which included \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/17/1137413251/twitter-employees-quit-elon-musk\">laying off over 3,750 employees.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-technology-texas-san-francisco-business-6ac6780b84fa446c43821e1fffeaf930\">The judge sided with the shareholders' lawyers\u003c/a>, who said Musk had only himself to blame for any negative perceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here%27s+what%27s+at+stake+in+Elon+Musk%27s+Tesla+tweet+trial&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California this week pushed ahead with controversial efforts to dismantle the largest death row system in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Gov. Gavin Newsom, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/news/2023/01/11/cdcr-submits-regulations-for-the-transfer-of-condemned-inmates-from-death-row-housing-units/\">the state is moving to\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>make the transfer of condemned people permanent and mandatory\u003c/a> after what the state’s Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) calls a successful pilot program that voluntarily moved 101 condemned people off death row into general population prisons across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort is in keeping with Newsom’s belief that the death penalty in America is unjust, is racially and class biased and has little connection to justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a hell of a thing: The prospect of your ending up on death row has more to do with your wealth and race than it does your guilt or innocence,” the Democratic governor said last year. “Think about that. We talk about justice, we preach justice. But as a nation, we don’t practice it on death row.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>a 45-day public comment period and a public hearing in March, the state hopes to start moving all 671 people on death row — 650 men and 21 women — into several other prisons across the state with high-security units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those people will be able to get jobs or cellmates if they are mainstreamed into the general prison population.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘The prospect of your ending up on death row has more to do with your wealth and race than it does your guilt or innocence. Think about that. We talk about justice, we preach justice. But as a nation, we don’t practice it on death row.’[/pullquote]The CDCR says the move allows the state “to phase out the practice of segregating people on death row based solely on their sentence.” No people will be resentenced and no death row commutations offered, officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, the death penalty still exists in California. Prosecutors can still seek it. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/capital-punishment/inmates-executed-1978-to-present/executed-inmate-summary-clarence-ray-allen/%20\">no one has been put to death in the state in 17 years\u003c/a>. And in 2019, Newsom imposed \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/03/13/governor-gavin-newsom-orders-a-halt-to-the-death-penalty-in-california/%20\">a moratorium on executions\u003c/a> and closed the death chamber at San Quentin, the decrepit and still heavily used 19th-century prison overlooking San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who get prison jobs — as clerks, or laundry or kitchen helpers — will see 70% of their pay go to victims’ families, as required under Proposition 66. That 2016 voter-passed initiative amended California’s Penal Code to require people sentenced to death to work and pay restitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-capital punishment groups are elated that the state with the largest condemned population is moving forward with efforts to, in effect, join the \u003ca href=\"https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/state-by-state%20\">23 other states that have abolished their death rows\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>I’m thrilled. Gavin Newsom is doing a very smart thing and a very positive thing,” says actor Mike Farrell, a long-time activist on the issue who chairs the group \u003ca href=\"https://deathpenalty.org/\">Death Penalty Focus\u003c/a>. “It will continue to show people that the death penalty is neither necessary nor is it doing us any good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrell calls capital punishment barbaric and biased against Black and brown people and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. While he wholly supports\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Newsom’s move, he points out that many people on death row face serious psychological hurdles, which will complicate the process of mainstreaming people on death row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be very difficult. There are many people on death row with serious mental issues,” he told NPR\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>noting many have been isolated for decades. “I think it’s a very good move on [Newsom’s] part. I just think that it has to be done extraordinarily carefully and very, very humanely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some families of murder victim are opposed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But death penalty proponents and victims’ rights advocates are frustrated and angry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To hear this news is devastating,” says Sandra Friend. She described feeling victimized all over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/forever-fighting-in-memory-of-michael-lyons%20%20\">8-year-old son, Michael Lyons\u003c/a>, was making his way home from school in Yuba City in 1996 when he was abducted and sodomized by serial killer Robert Boyd Rhoades, who dumped the child’s body in a riverbed.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_10833493,news_11903391,news_11732471\"]“He [Rhoades] tortured Michael for 10 hours. He stabbed him 70 to 80 times,” she says. “And he was 8 years old. Just the little boy full of life, full of dreams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoades was convicted of Lyons’ murder in 1998 and later sentenced to die by lethal injection. But that never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part, California’s death penalty reforms grew out of 2016’s Prop. 66, which promised to speed up the time between a death sentence and an execution. The successful ballot measure also required condemned people to work and pay restitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now death penalty proponents accuse Newsom of exploiting a lesser-known section of Prop. 66 for his own ideological and political purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor has taken loopholes and nuances in the law and used them to give criminals — the worst criminals — a break,” says Michael Rushford, president of the conservative \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjlf.org/\">Criminal Justice Legal Foundation\u003c/a>. “To start mainstreaming people like \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-01-me-2666-story.html\">Tiequon Cox\u003c/a>, who killed an entire family in Los Angeles after going to the wrong address to do a gang hit, is an abandonment of justice. Injecting politics into criminal justice and public safety is insane. It’s unjust, unfair and it’s stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other states have taken similar measures\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In recent years, governors in Pennsylvania and Oregon also have imposed moratoriums on the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon’s Kate Brown extended her predecessor’s moratorium. And in one of her last acts as governor last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2022/12/15/oregon-gov-kate-brown-explains-why-she-commuted-all-of-her-state-s-death-sentences/\">she commuted the sentences of all 17 people on death row to life in prison with no possibility of parole\u003c/a>. She also ordered corrections officials to begin dismantling the state’s execution chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that there are many Oregonians that share my values that it is inequitable, immoral and doesn’t make sense for the state to take a life, particularly when it is irreversible,” she said, after announcing her decision shortly before the holiday break.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Mike Farrell, actor/activist, Death Penalty Focus\"]‘I’m thrilled. Gavin Newsom is doing a very smart thing and a very positive thing. It will continue to show people that the death penalty is neither necessary nor is it doing us any good.’[/pullquote]Nationally, \u003ca href=\"https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2022-year-end-report\">five-year averages of executions and new death sentences in America have hit decade lows\u003c/a>, according to the recently published annual report by the nonpartisan and nonprofit Death Penalty Information Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallup polling shows \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/404975/steady-americans-support-death-penalty-murderers.aspx\">a majority 55% of Americans are in favor of the death penalty for people convicted of murder\u003c/a>. But that’s in stark contrast to the consistent 60% to 80% support recorded between 1976 and 2016, Gallup data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Sandra Friend says it’s outrageous that killers like Rhoades may “get rewarded,” as she puts it, with expanded work options, even a cellmate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For him to be able to leave death row and go into a cushier prison, having maybe possibly a cellie, having a job, is terrifying because he is the worst of the worst. He is a monster,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials underscore that transfers of people on death row and their housing will depend on the specific facts of each incarcerated person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their housing would depend on their individual case factors, and it’s what the multidisciplinary teams will be evaluating,” says CDCR spokesperson Vicky Waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Friend and other victims’ families worry that simply allowing people on death row to mingle with other incarcerated people who will eventually be released is dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just to think about [Rhoades] interacting with other inmates and having the opportunity to teach those skills and those methods of keeping, you know, under the radar is terrifying,” Friend says. “He is a great threat to our society, our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state hopes to permanently empty California’s death row by this fall, a CDCR official says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friend vows to fight the effort. A public hearing on the issue is scheduled in Sacramento for March 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m definitely going to make Michael’s voice heard,” she says, “because he’s the one that is getting lost in all of this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California this week pushed ahead with controversial efforts to dismantle the largest death row system in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Gov. Gavin Newsom, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/news/2023/01/11/cdcr-submits-regulations-for-the-transfer-of-condemned-inmates-from-death-row-housing-units/\">the state is moving to\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>make the transfer of condemned people permanent and mandatory\u003c/a> after what the state’s Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) calls a successful pilot program that voluntarily moved 101 condemned people off death row into general population prisons across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort is in keeping with Newsom’s belief that the death penalty in America is unjust, is racially and class biased and has little connection to justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a hell of a thing: The prospect of your ending up on death row has more to do with your wealth and race than it does your guilt or innocence,” the Democratic governor said last year. “Think about that. We talk about justice, we preach justice. But as a nation, we don’t practice it on death row.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>a 45-day public comment period and a public hearing in March, the state hopes to start moving all 671 people on death row — 650 men and 21 women — into several other prisons across the state with high-security units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those people will be able to get jobs or cellmates if they are mainstreamed into the general prison population.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The CDCR says the move allows the state “to phase out the practice of segregating people on death row based solely on their sentence.” No people will be resentenced and no death row commutations offered, officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, the death penalty still exists in California. Prosecutors can still seek it. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/capital-punishment/inmates-executed-1978-to-present/executed-inmate-summary-clarence-ray-allen/%20\">no one has been put to death in the state in 17 years\u003c/a>. And in 2019, Newsom imposed \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2019/03/13/governor-gavin-newsom-orders-a-halt-to-the-death-penalty-in-california/%20\">a moratorium on executions\u003c/a> and closed the death chamber at San Quentin, the decrepit and still heavily used 19th-century prison overlooking San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who get prison jobs — as clerks, or laundry or kitchen helpers — will see 70% of their pay go to victims’ families, as required under Proposition 66. That 2016 voter-passed initiative amended California’s Penal Code to require people sentenced to death to work and pay restitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-capital punishment groups are elated that the state with the largest condemned population is moving forward with efforts to, in effect, join the \u003ca href=\"https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/state-by-state%20\">23 other states that have abolished their death rows\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“\u003c/em>I’m thrilled. Gavin Newsom is doing a very smart thing and a very positive thing,” says actor Mike Farrell, a long-time activist on the issue who chairs the group \u003ca href=\"https://deathpenalty.org/\">Death Penalty Focus\u003c/a>. “It will continue to show people that the death penalty is neither necessary nor is it doing us any good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrell calls capital punishment barbaric and biased against Black and brown people and those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. While he wholly supports\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Newsom’s move, he points out that many people on death row face serious psychological hurdles, which will complicate the process of mainstreaming people on death row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be very difficult. There are many people on death row with serious mental issues,” he told NPR\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>noting many have been isolated for decades. “I think it’s a very good move on [Newsom’s] part. I just think that it has to be done extraordinarily carefully and very, very humanely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some families of murder victim are opposed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But death penalty proponents and victims’ rights advocates are frustrated and angry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To hear this news is devastating,” says Sandra Friend. She described feeling victimized all over again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/forever-fighting-in-memory-of-michael-lyons%20%20\">8-year-old son, Michael Lyons\u003c/a>, was making his way home from school in Yuba City in 1996 when he was abducted and sodomized by serial killer Robert Boyd Rhoades, who dumped the child’s body in a riverbed.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“He [Rhoades] tortured Michael for 10 hours. He stabbed him 70 to 80 times,” she says. “And he was 8 years old. Just the little boy full of life, full of dreams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rhoades was convicted of Lyons’ murder in 1998 and later sentenced to die by lethal injection. But that never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In part, California’s death penalty reforms grew out of 2016’s Prop. 66, which promised to speed up the time between a death sentence and an execution. The successful ballot measure also required condemned people to work and pay restitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now death penalty proponents accuse Newsom of exploiting a lesser-known section of Prop. 66 for his own ideological and political purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor has taken loopholes and nuances in the law and used them to give criminals — the worst criminals — a break,” says Michael Rushford, president of the conservative \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjlf.org/\">Criminal Justice Legal Foundation\u003c/a>. “To start mainstreaming people like \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-01-me-2666-story.html\">Tiequon Cox\u003c/a>, who killed an entire family in Los Angeles after going to the wrong address to do a gang hit, is an abandonment of justice. Injecting politics into criminal justice and public safety is insane. It’s unjust, unfair and it’s stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other states have taken similar measures\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In recent years, governors in Pennsylvania and Oregon also have imposed moratoriums on the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon’s Kate Brown extended her predecessor’s moratorium. And in one of her last acts as governor last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2022/12/15/oregon-gov-kate-brown-explains-why-she-commuted-all-of-her-state-s-death-sentences/\">she commuted the sentences of all 17 people on death row to life in prison with no possibility of parole\u003c/a>. She also ordered corrections officials to begin dismantling the state’s execution chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that there are many Oregonians that share my values that it is inequitable, immoral and doesn’t make sense for the state to take a life, particularly when it is irreversible,” she said, after announcing her decision shortly before the holiday break.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Nationally, \u003ca href=\"https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/facts-and-research/dpic-reports/dpic-year-end-reports/the-death-penalty-in-2022-year-end-report\">five-year averages of executions and new death sentences in America have hit decade lows\u003c/a>, according to the recently published annual report by the nonpartisan and nonprofit Death Penalty Information Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gallup polling shows \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/404975/steady-americans-support-death-penalty-murderers.aspx\">a majority 55% of Americans are in favor of the death penalty for people convicted of murder\u003c/a>. But that’s in stark contrast to the consistent 60% to 80% support recorded between 1976 and 2016, Gallup data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Sandra Friend says it’s outrageous that killers like Rhoades may “get rewarded,” as she puts it, with expanded work options, even a cellmate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For him to be able to leave death row and go into a cushier prison, having maybe possibly a cellie, having a job, is terrifying because he is the worst of the worst. He is a monster,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials underscore that transfers of people on death row and their housing will depend on the specific facts of each incarcerated person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their housing would depend on their individual case factors, and it’s what the multidisciplinary teams will be evaluating,” says CDCR spokesperson Vicky Waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Friend and other victims’ families worry that simply allowing people on death row to mingle with other incarcerated people who will eventually be released is dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just to think about [Rhoades] interacting with other inmates and having the opportunity to teach those skills and those methods of keeping, you know, under the radar is terrifying,” Friend says. “He is a great threat to our society, our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state hopes to permanently empty California’s death row by this fall, a CDCR official says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friend vows to fight the effort. A public hearing on the issue is scheduled in Sacramento for March 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m definitely going to make Michael’s voice heard,” she says, “because he’s the one that is getting lost in all of this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Decades of research by scientists at \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abk0063\">Exxon accurately predicted how much global warming would occur from burning fossil fuels\u003c/a>, according to a new study in the journal \u003cem>Science.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings clash with an enormously successful campaign that Exxon spearheaded and funded for more than 30 years that cast doubt on human-driven climate change and the science underpinning it. That narrative helped delay federal and international action on climate change, even as the impacts of climate change worsened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last few years, journalists and researchers revealed that Exxon did in-house research that showed it knew that human-caused climate change is real. The new study looked at Exxon's research and compared it to the warming that has actually happened.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11933853,science_1921232\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Harvard University and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research analyzed Exxon's climate studies from 1977 to 2003. The researchers show the company, now called ExxonMobil, produced climate research that was at least as accurate as work by independent academics and governments — and occasionally surpassed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's important because ExxonMobil and the broader fossil fuel industry face lawsuits nationwide claiming they misled the public on the harmful effects of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bottom line is we found that they were modeling and predicting global warming with, frankly, shocking levels of skill and accuracy, especially for a company that then spent the next couple of decades denying that very climate science,\" says lead author Geoffrey Supran, who now is an associate professor of environmental science and policy at the University of Miami.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/global-temperatures\">Earth already has warmed a little more than 1 degree Celsius\u003c/a> (about 2 degrees Fahrenheit) compared to preindustrial times of the late 1800s. That \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/09/1147805696/climate-change-makes-heat-waves-storms-and-droughts-worse-climate-report-confirm\">warming has led to extreme weather\u003c/a> in recent years, including heat waves, droughts and floods. The researchers found, for example, that Exxon's own modeling charted this kind of temperature increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Specifically, what we've done is to actually put a number for the first time on what Exxon knew, which is that the burning of their fossil fuel products would heat the planet by something like 0.2 [degrees] Celsius every single decade,\" Supran says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://apps.npr.org/datawrapper/44gcY/6/?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-44gcY&parentTitle=Exxon%20scientists%20accurately%20predicted%20global%20warming%20from%20burning%20fossil%20fuels.%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F01%2F12%2F1148376084%2Fexxon-climate-predictions-were-accurate-decades-ago-still-it-sowed-doubt\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>ExxonMobil's response\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While ExxonMobil has not addressed the specifics in this paper, the company did respond before the research was published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This issue has come up several times in recent years and, in each case, our answer is the same: those who talk about how 'Exxon Knew' are wrong in their conclusions,\" wrote ExxonMobil spokesperson Todd Spitler in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign to reveal what ExxonMobil knew and when has coalesced on social media under the hashtag #ExxonKnew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ExxonMobil's understanding of climate science has developed along with that of the broader scientific community,\" said Spitler. He said \"well intended, internal policy debates\" have been recast by some \"as an attempted company disinformation campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spitler pointed to a related 2019 case ExxonMobil won in New York and specifically highlighted a section on page 37 of the \u003ca href=\"https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/-/media/global/files/climate-change/nyag-verdict-dec-2019.pdf?la=en&hash=F637D3B0273F4FFA7816E3766A1A49F0AEB8666E\">55-page ruling (PDF)\u003c/a>, in which Justice Barry Ostrager of the New York State Supreme Court wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"What the evidence at trial revealed is that ExxonMobil executives and employees were uniformly committed to rigorously discharging their duties in the most comprehensive and meticulous manner possible. ... The testimony of these witnesses demonstrated that ExxonMobil has a culture of disciplined analysis, planning, accounting, and reporting.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In that case, the New York Attorney General's Office failed to show that the company broke state law and deceived investors by allegedly downplaying the effects climate change would have on ExxonMobil's finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/780317799/exxon-wins-new-york-climate-change-case\">NPR reported at the time\u003c/a>, Ostrager also wrote, \"Nothing in this opinion is intended to absolve ExxonMobil from responsibility for contributing to climate change through the emission of greenhouse gasses in the production of its fossil fuel products.\" And Ostranger added, \"this is a securities fraud case, not a climate change case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Research could aid climate lawsuits\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ExxonMobil has a lot at stake in arguing that it did not mislead investors or the public about what it knew about the climate-warming effects of fossil fuels, and when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company faces more than 20 lawsuits brought by states and local governments for damages caused by climate change. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/25/1075560742/oil-lawsuit-climate-change-baltimore\">Baltimore was among the first.\u003c/a> And last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/dec/20/big-oil-is-behind-conspiracy-to-deceive-public-first-climate-racketeering-lawsuit-says?ICID=ref_fark\">cities in Puerto Rico filed a racketeering lawsuit against fossil fuel companies\u003c/a>, industry groups and others claiming they conspired to mislead the public about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new research could provide more evidence for those cases as they progress through the courts, says Karen Sokol, a law professor at Loyola University in New Orleans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What Exxon scientists found and what they communicated to company executives was nothing short of horrifying,\" says Sokol. Given how science works, she says that should have prompted the company to raise an alarm to the public and policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Imagine that world and the different trajectory that consumers, investors and policymakers would have taken when we still had time, versus now when we're entrenched in a fossil fuel-based economy that's getting increasingly expensive and difficult to exit,\" says Sokol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that provides \"significant evidence\" of the kind of deception and law-breaking that many of the lawsuits are based on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://climateintegrity.org/news/new-report-pushing-preemption\">ExxonMobil and the broader fossil fuel industry have sought to stop lawsuits\u003c/a> by getting states to pass laws to block municipalities from suing, according to the watchdog group Center for Climate Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry also has tried to move the cases to potentially friendlier federal courts, arguing they're of national significance. In August the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/18/1118188330/federal-judges-deal-the-oil-industry-another-setback-in-climate-litigation\">U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Philadelphia declined to do that for a 2020 case\u003c/a> brought by the state of Delaware and city of Hoboken, N.J. Delaware sought compensation for lost property value because of climate-induced sea level rise and flooding. Hoboken wants money to pay for current and future costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the largest U.S. oil company, ExxonMobil often faces more scrutiny from activists. The company now says it's \"committed to being part of the solution to climate change and the risks it poses.\" Climate activists are skeptical, but one thing is clear: Questions over the company's history of stalling climate action will be the subject of legal battles for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Exxon+climate+predictions+were+accurate+decades+ago.+Still+it+sowed+doubt+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Decades of research by scientists at \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abk0063\">Exxon accurately predicted how much global warming would occur from burning fossil fuels\u003c/a>, according to a new study in the journal \u003cem>Science.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings clash with an enormously successful campaign that Exxon spearheaded and funded for more than 30 years that cast doubt on human-driven climate change and the science underpinning it. That narrative helped delay federal and international action on climate change, even as the impacts of climate change worsened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last few years, journalists and researchers revealed that Exxon did in-house research that showed it knew that human-caused climate change is real. The new study looked at Exxon's research and compared it to the warming that has actually happened.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Harvard University and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research analyzed Exxon's climate studies from 1977 to 2003. The researchers show the company, now called ExxonMobil, produced climate research that was at least as accurate as work by independent academics and governments — and occasionally surpassed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's important because ExxonMobil and the broader fossil fuel industry face lawsuits nationwide claiming they misled the public on the harmful effects of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bottom line is we found that they were modeling and predicting global warming with, frankly, shocking levels of skill and accuracy, especially for a company that then spent the next couple of decades denying that very climate science,\" says lead author Geoffrey Supran, who now is an associate professor of environmental science and policy at the University of Miami.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/global-temperatures\">Earth already has warmed a little more than 1 degree Celsius\u003c/a> (about 2 degrees Fahrenheit) compared to preindustrial times of the late 1800s. That \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/09/1147805696/climate-change-makes-heat-waves-storms-and-droughts-worse-climate-report-confirm\">warming has led to extreme weather\u003c/a> in recent years, including heat waves, droughts and floods. The researchers found, for example, that Exxon's own modeling charted this kind of temperature increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Specifically, what we've done is to actually put a number for the first time on what Exxon knew, which is that the burning of their fossil fuel products would heat the planet by something like 0.2 [degrees] Celsius every single decade,\" Supran says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://apps.npr.org/datawrapper/44gcY/6/?initialWidth=763&childId=responsive-embed-44gcY&parentTitle=Exxon%20scientists%20accurately%20predicted%20global%20warming%20from%20burning%20fossil%20fuels.%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F01%2F12%2F1148376084%2Fexxon-climate-predictions-were-accurate-decades-ago-still-it-sowed-doubt\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>ExxonMobil's response\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While ExxonMobil has not addressed the specifics in this paper, the company did respond before the research was published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This issue has come up several times in recent years and, in each case, our answer is the same: those who talk about how 'Exxon Knew' are wrong in their conclusions,\" wrote ExxonMobil spokesperson Todd Spitler in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign to reveal what ExxonMobil knew and when has coalesced on social media under the hashtag #ExxonKnew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ExxonMobil's understanding of climate science has developed along with that of the broader scientific community,\" said Spitler. He said \"well intended, internal policy debates\" have been recast by some \"as an attempted company disinformation campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spitler pointed to a related 2019 case ExxonMobil won in New York and specifically highlighted a section on page 37 of the \u003ca href=\"https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/-/media/global/files/climate-change/nyag-verdict-dec-2019.pdf?la=en&hash=F637D3B0273F4FFA7816E3766A1A49F0AEB8666E\">55-page ruling (PDF)\u003c/a>, in which Justice Barry Ostrager of the New York State Supreme Court wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"What the evidence at trial revealed is that ExxonMobil executives and employees were uniformly committed to rigorously discharging their duties in the most comprehensive and meticulous manner possible. ... The testimony of these witnesses demonstrated that ExxonMobil has a culture of disciplined analysis, planning, accounting, and reporting.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In that case, the New York Attorney General's Office failed to show that the company broke state law and deceived investors by allegedly downplaying the effects climate change would have on ExxonMobil's finances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/10/780317799/exxon-wins-new-york-climate-change-case\">NPR reported at the time\u003c/a>, Ostrager also wrote, \"Nothing in this opinion is intended to absolve ExxonMobil from responsibility for contributing to climate change through the emission of greenhouse gasses in the production of its fossil fuel products.\" And Ostranger added, \"this is a securities fraud case, not a climate change case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Research could aid climate lawsuits\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ExxonMobil has a lot at stake in arguing that it did not mislead investors or the public about what it knew about the climate-warming effects of fossil fuels, and when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company faces more than 20 lawsuits brought by states and local governments for damages caused by climate change. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/25/1075560742/oil-lawsuit-climate-change-baltimore\">Baltimore was among the first.\u003c/a> And last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/dec/20/big-oil-is-behind-conspiracy-to-deceive-public-first-climate-racketeering-lawsuit-says?ICID=ref_fark\">cities in Puerto Rico filed a racketeering lawsuit against fossil fuel companies\u003c/a>, industry groups and others claiming they conspired to mislead the public about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new research could provide more evidence for those cases as they progress through the courts, says Karen Sokol, a law professor at Loyola University in New Orleans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What Exxon scientists found and what they communicated to company executives was nothing short of horrifying,\" says Sokol. Given how science works, she says that should have prompted the company to raise an alarm to the public and policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Imagine that world and the different trajectory that consumers, investors and policymakers would have taken when we still had time, versus now when we're entrenched in a fossil fuel-based economy that's getting increasingly expensive and difficult to exit,\" says Sokol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says that provides \"significant evidence\" of the kind of deception and law-breaking that many of the lawsuits are based on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://climateintegrity.org/news/new-report-pushing-preemption\">ExxonMobil and the broader fossil fuel industry have sought to stop lawsuits\u003c/a> by getting states to pass laws to block municipalities from suing, according to the watchdog group Center for Climate Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry also has tried to move the cases to potentially friendlier federal courts, arguing they're of national significance. In August the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/18/1118188330/federal-judges-deal-the-oil-industry-another-setback-in-climate-litigation\">U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Philadelphia declined to do that for a 2020 case\u003c/a> brought by the state of Delaware and city of Hoboken, N.J. Delaware sought compensation for lost property value because of climate-induced sea level rise and flooding. Hoboken wants money to pay for current and future costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the largest U.S. oil company, ExxonMobil often faces more scrutiny from activists. The company now says it's \"committed to being part of the solution to climate change and the risks it poses.\" Climate activists are skeptical, but one thing is clear: Questions over the company's history of stalling climate action will be the subject of legal battles for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Exxon+climate+predictions+were+accurate+decades+ago.+Still+it+sowed+doubt+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you sit at your computer all day and then lounge on the sofa for more screen time in the evening, your health can take a hit. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000440\">body of evidence\u003c/a> links sedentary lifestyles to an increased risk of diabetes, dementia and death from heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s a wake-up call: One study found, irrespective of whether a person exercised, if they sat for more than 12–13 hours a day, they were more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M17-0212\">twice as likely to die\u003c/a> early, compared to people who sat the least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new study finds you can cut that risk with strikingly small amounts of activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researcher \u003ca href=\"https://www.columbiacardiology.org/profile/keith-diaz-phd\">Keith Diaz of Columbia University Medical Center\u003c/a> and his colleagues set out to find out what’s the\u003cem> least\u003c/em> amount of physical activity a person must do to offset the health risks of sitting. They recruited volunteers to come to their lab and emulate a typical work day.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Keith Diaz, Associate Professor of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center\"]‘We found that a 5-minute walk every half-hour was able to offset a lot of the harms of sitting.’[/pullquote]“They’d come in and sit for eight hours,” Diaz explains. The volunteers were hooked up to continuous glucose monitors to measure blood sugar levels, and their blood pressure was measured, too. Then, the participants took walking breaks of varying lengths and frequency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that a five minute walk every half-hour was able to offset a lot of the harms of sitting,” Diaz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants walked on a treadmill at a leisurely pace — about 1.9 miles per hour. “We were really struck by just how powerful the effects were,” Diaz says. People who moved five minutes every half-hour, saw blood sugar spikes after a meal reduced by almost 60%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is surprising to me,” says \u003ca href=\"https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/southern-california/physicians/robert-sallis-6452925\">Robert Sallis, a family medicine doctor\u003c/a> at Kaiser Permanente, and the past president of the American College of Sports Medicine. It’s well known that exercise can help control blood sugar, but he says what’s new here is how beneficial frequent, short bouts of movement can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have never seen that kind of a drop in blood sugar, other than with medication,” Sallis says. He says he’s impressed by the findings, which are published in an American College of Sports Medicine journal, \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Abstract/9900/Breaking_Up_Prolonged_Sitting_to_Improve.200.aspx\">\u003cem>Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/prediabetes.html\">one out of every three adults in the U.S. has prediabetes\u003c/a>, and nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm#:~:text=Nearly%20half%20of%20adults%20in,are%20taking%20medication%20for%20hypertension.\">half of adults have high blood pressure\u003c/a>, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Both conditions increase the risk of heart disease which is the top cause of death in the U.S. So, Sallis says many people can benefit from small, frequent movement breaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each week, adults are advised to get 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity. The CDC says \u003ca href=\"https://health.gov/our-work/nutrition-physical-activity/physical-activity-guidelines/current-guidelines\">you can break this up into smaller chunks\u003c/a>, 30 minutes a day, five times a week for example or even shorter breaks that are more frequent. “I think it’s easier to find small amounts of time to get some exercise,” Sallis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pace of walking in the study was likely too leisurely to count as ‘moderate-intensity’ for most people, but \u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/exercise-and-nutrition-sciences/loretta-dipietro\">Loretta DiPietro, a professor at the Milken Institute School of Public Health\u003c/a>, says there are simple ways to increase the intensity, including walking faster. “Add some stairs in,” she says. “Swing your arms,” which will help engage more muscles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11937908\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11937908\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Male and female business colleagues working against window in office, a woman walks past them in the foreground.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers found that walking five minutes every half-hour can reduce the risk of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease. \u003ccite>(Maskot/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another tip: turn on some music, since the beat can prompt you to step up the pace. You may not lose weight with short breaks, but “this is a wonderful way to improve your metabolic profile,” DiPietro says, which is so key to good health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DiPietro was not involved in the new study, but her prior research has also shown that \u003ca href=\"https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/36/10/3262/30770/Three-15-min-Bouts-of-Moderate-Postmeal-Walking\">strolls after meals\u003c/a> help improve blood sugar control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explains the mechanism by which exercise leads to this benefit is well understood: When we exercise, our muscles require glucose — sugar — as the fuel source. DiPietro says when we contract our muscles, our bodies use \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258103/#:~:text=GLUT4%20is%20an%20insulin%2Dregulated,GLUT4%https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258103/#:~:text=GLUT4%20is%20an%20insulin%2Dregulated,GLUT4%20storage%20vesicles%20(GSVs).20storage%20vesicles%20(GSVs).\">GLUT4 transporter proteins\u003c/a> which rise to the surface of the muscle cell and escort glucose molecules into the cell. So, physical activity helps to clear glucose out of the bloodstream into the muscle where it can be stored and utilized. And this helps lower blood sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when employers are looking for ways to retain workers, DiPietro says encouraging movement during the work day has clear benefits. “The human body was not designed to sit for eight hours at a time,” DiPietro says. “What employers can do is provide options for people,” she says, such as encouraging walking meetings and promoting more flexibility, which has become more common since the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers should be aware that there’s another likely benefit to short, frequent breaks: “People were in a better mood because they took those breaks,” says \u003ca href=\"https://clas.uiowa.edu/hhp/people/kathleen-janz\">Kathleen Janz, professor emeritus \u003c/a>at the University of Iowa who focuses on health promotion. She reviewed the results of the new study for NPR and noted that participants in the study felt less fatigued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a reminder that moving our bodies during the work day isn’t a waste of time, Janz says. In fact it could make us better workers and make us healthier at the same time. “It can be a win-win,” says Janz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you sit at your computer all day and then lounge on the sofa for more screen time in the evening, your health can take a hit. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000440\">body of evidence\u003c/a> links sedentary lifestyles to an increased risk of diabetes, dementia and death from heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s a wake-up call: One study found, irrespective of whether a person exercised, if they sat for more than 12–13 hours a day, they were more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M17-0212\">twice as likely to die\u003c/a> early, compared to people who sat the least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new study finds you can cut that risk with strikingly small amounts of activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researcher \u003ca href=\"https://www.columbiacardiology.org/profile/keith-diaz-phd\">Keith Diaz of Columbia University Medical Center\u003c/a> and his colleagues set out to find out what’s the\u003cem> least\u003c/em> amount of physical activity a person must do to offset the health risks of sitting. They recruited volunteers to come to their lab and emulate a typical work day.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“They’d come in and sit for eight hours,” Diaz explains. The volunteers were hooked up to continuous glucose monitors to measure blood sugar levels, and their blood pressure was measured, too. Then, the participants took walking breaks of varying lengths and frequency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that a five minute walk every half-hour was able to offset a lot of the harms of sitting,” Diaz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants walked on a treadmill at a leisurely pace — about 1.9 miles per hour. “We were really struck by just how powerful the effects were,” Diaz says. People who moved five minutes every half-hour, saw blood sugar spikes after a meal reduced by almost 60%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is surprising to me,” says \u003ca href=\"https://healthy.kaiserpermanente.org/southern-california/physicians/robert-sallis-6452925\">Robert Sallis, a family medicine doctor\u003c/a> at Kaiser Permanente, and the past president of the American College of Sports Medicine. It’s well known that exercise can help control blood sugar, but he says what’s new here is how beneficial frequent, short bouts of movement can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have never seen that kind of a drop in blood sugar, other than with medication,” Sallis says. He says he’s impressed by the findings, which are published in an American College of Sports Medicine journal, \u003ca href=\"https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/Abstract/9900/Breaking_Up_Prolonged_Sitting_to_Improve.200.aspx\">\u003cem>Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/prediabetes.html\">one out of every three adults in the U.S. has prediabetes\u003c/a>, and nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm#:~:text=Nearly%20half%20of%20adults%20in,are%20taking%20medication%20for%20hypertension.\">half of adults have high blood pressure\u003c/a>, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Both conditions increase the risk of heart disease which is the top cause of death in the U.S. So, Sallis says many people can benefit from small, frequent movement breaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each week, adults are advised to get 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity. The CDC says \u003ca href=\"https://health.gov/our-work/nutrition-physical-activity/physical-activity-guidelines/current-guidelines\">you can break this up into smaller chunks\u003c/a>, 30 minutes a day, five times a week for example or even shorter breaks that are more frequent. “I think it’s easier to find small amounts of time to get some exercise,” Sallis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pace of walking in the study was likely too leisurely to count as ‘moderate-intensity’ for most people, but \u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.gwu.edu/departments/exercise-and-nutrition-sciences/loretta-dipietro\">Loretta DiPietro, a professor at the Milken Institute School of Public Health\u003c/a>, says there are simple ways to increase the intensity, including walking faster. “Add some stairs in,” she says. “Swing your arms,” which will help engage more muscles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11937908\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11937908\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Male and female business colleagues working against window in office, a woman walks past them in the foreground.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/GettyImages-1278673059-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers found that walking five minutes every half-hour can reduce the risk of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease. \u003ccite>(Maskot/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another tip: turn on some music, since the beat can prompt you to step up the pace. You may not lose weight with short breaks, but “this is a wonderful way to improve your metabolic profile,” DiPietro says, which is so key to good health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DiPietro was not involved in the new study, but her prior research has also shown that \u003ca href=\"https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/36/10/3262/30770/Three-15-min-Bouts-of-Moderate-Postmeal-Walking\">strolls after meals\u003c/a> help improve blood sugar control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explains the mechanism by which exercise leads to this benefit is well understood: When we exercise, our muscles require glucose — sugar — as the fuel source. DiPietro says when we contract our muscles, our bodies use \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258103/#:~:text=GLUT4%20is%20an%20insulin%2Dregulated,GLUT4%https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3258103/#:~:text=GLUT4%20is%20an%20insulin%2Dregulated,GLUT4%20storage%20vesicles%20(GSVs).20storage%20vesicles%20(GSVs).\">GLUT4 transporter proteins\u003c/a> which rise to the surface of the muscle cell and escort glucose molecules into the cell. So, physical activity helps to clear glucose out of the bloodstream into the muscle where it can be stored and utilized. And this helps lower blood sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when employers are looking for ways to retain workers, DiPietro says encouraging movement during the work day has clear benefits. “The human body was not designed to sit for eight hours at a time,” DiPietro says. “What employers can do is provide options for people,” she says, such as encouraging walking meetings and promoting more flexibility, which has become more common since the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employers should be aware that there’s another likely benefit to short, frequent breaks: “People were in a better mood because they took those breaks,” says \u003ca href=\"https://clas.uiowa.edu/hhp/people/kathleen-janz\">Kathleen Janz, professor emeritus \u003c/a>at the University of Iowa who focuses on health promotion. She reviewed the results of the new study for NPR and noted that participants in the study felt less fatigued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a reminder that moving our bodies during the work day isn’t a waste of time, Janz says. In fact it could make us better workers and make us healthier at the same time. “It can be a win-win,” says Janz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "New Nation, New Ideas: A Study Finds Immigrants Out-Innovate US-Born Workers",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sergey Brin, co-founder Google; Satya Nadella, head of Microsoft; Hedy Lamarr, a Hollywood actress who, quite incredibly, was also \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a7480b1f8de2759b1673c82f94b07848c965672cda9f0830336b83c712850c5b59fcdaa08354c129b496ceb2331555ef855b\">a pioneering inventor\u003c/a> behind Wi-Fi and bluetooth; Elon Musk; Chien-Shiung Wu, who helped America build the first atom bomb; Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone; James Naismith, the inventor of basketball; Nikola Tesla, one of the most important minds behind the creation of electricity and radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do all these innovators have in common? They were all immigrants to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a74815046887c07d22fe6452924c8064c92004e656216fc44ea4ac4010ae46b17cacb7d7490895a1035d4ac444be9e431f2b\">Many\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a7486190ab481fdf4f902a04f3528c1cf71fa1faffda3548d703fda553dcff3eb59c1645679d54cc8ac335a0f28fd1dfda12\">studies\u003c/a> over the years have suggested that immigrants are vital to our nation’s technological and economic progress. Today, around a quarter of all workers in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields are immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while there’s plenty of evidence suggesting that immigrants play an important role in American innovation, a group of economists — Shai Bernstein, Rebecca Diamond, Abhisit Jiranaphawiboon, Timothy McQuade, and Beatriz Pousada — wanted to find a more precise estimate of how much immigrants contribute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a fascinating \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a74841f2951aa128f1aa4d21e0bffb815ff9dd769791afdef1fbdc3cbe3fc4cc511b34eeb61e203d8d2440e1d4ce1cbbd8cb\">new working paper\u003c/a>, the economists link patent records to more than 230 \u003cem>million\u003c/em> Social Security numbers. With this incredible dataset, they are able to suss out who among patent-holders are immigrants (by cross-referencing their year of birth and the year they were assigned their Social Security number).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The economists find that, between 1990 and 2016, 16% of all US inventors were immigrants. More than that, they find that the “average immigrant is substantially more productive than the average US-born inventor.” Immigrant inventors produced almost a quarter of all patents during this period. These patents were disproportionately likely to be cited (a sign that they were valuable to their fields) and seem to have more financial value than the typical native-born patent. The economists also find evidence suggesting that immigrant inventors help native-born inventors become more productive. All in all, the economists estimate that immigrants are responsible for roughly 36% of innovation in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for why immigrant inventors tend to be so productive and innovative, the economists entertain various explanations. Immigrant innovators may be motivated to come — and are able to come — to the United States because there’s something special about their character, intelligence, or motivation. Or maybe it’s because they live, work, and think differently when they come here. The economists find these immigrants tend to move to the most productive areas of the country. They tend to have a greater number of collaborators when they work here. And, as the economists write, they also “appear to facilitate the importation of foreign knowledge into the United States, with immigrant inventors relying more heavily on foreign technologies and collaborating more with foreign inventors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants, they suggest, help create a melting pot of knowledge and ideas, which has clear benefits when it comes to innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It’s Hard Being An Immigrant These Days\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many immigrants working in innovation sectors are here on H1-B visas, which allow \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a7486d337ce136f21bfc21c09d7dc82849bba03a968b18f33477746cef51b7530c2ef29e5e3c5bc740c0352695a89ca8ccec\">around 85,000 people\u003c/a> to come to the United States each year, and create a potential pathway for them to become legal permanent residents. These visas tether immigrants to a particular job. But, as our \u003cem>NPR\u003c/em> colleague \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a748c1305d168b37ce8bd06a127122e786975178a0d0300f35b410930f48160f1fdcb464b585aee02ebfc1f4b87ad508cf8c\">Stacey Vanek Smith reported\u003c/a> last month, “if they lose that job, a countdown clock starts.” They have 60 days to find a new job or they must exit the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With financial turmoil roiling the tech sector, companies have been laying off tons of workers. As Stacey reported, there are now thousands of unemployed H1-B visa holders frantically trying to find new jobs so they can stay in the country. But ongoing layoffs and hiring freezes are making that particularly difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a7485b430b13603a584382e786b0a0c40b61b036436840f4fdf564c6dcdd661ffeeb61347f2ac9101086560b6c452623f7bf\">a recent editorial\u003c/a>, the editors of \u003cem>Bloomberg\u003c/em> argue that the current struggle of immigrants in tech “underscores how a flawed system is jeopardizing America’s ability to attract and retain the foreign-born talent it needs.” This system, they argue, is “not only cruel but self-defeating… rather than expanding the pipeline for skilled foreign workers, the US’s onerous policies are increasingly pushing them away, with pro-immigration countries like Canada and Australia becoming more attractive destinations for global talent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the United States taking an increasingly nativist turn in recent years, it’s become more common to hear anti-immigrant rhetoric, about them taking jobs, committing crimes, and “replacing” us. The economists’ new study serves as another potent reminder that immigrants have tremendous value for our economy. Not just as a cheap labor force, but as a group of innovators who help us build new businesses, create jobs, make our companies more productive, and produce products and ideas that enrich our lives and improve our standard of living. Call it the Great Enhancement Theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+nation%2C+new+ideas%3A+A+study+finds+immigrants+out-innovate+native-born+Americans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sergey Brin, co-founder Google; Satya Nadella, head of Microsoft; Hedy Lamarr, a Hollywood actress who, quite incredibly, was also \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a7480b1f8de2759b1673c82f94b07848c965672cda9f0830336b83c712850c5b59fcdaa08354c129b496ceb2331555ef855b\">a pioneering inventor\u003c/a> behind Wi-Fi and bluetooth; Elon Musk; Chien-Shiung Wu, who helped America build the first atom bomb; Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone; James Naismith, the inventor of basketball; Nikola Tesla, one of the most important minds behind the creation of electricity and radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do all these innovators have in common? They were all immigrants to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a74815046887c07d22fe6452924c8064c92004e656216fc44ea4ac4010ae46b17cacb7d7490895a1035d4ac444be9e431f2b\">Many\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a7486190ab481fdf4f902a04f3528c1cf71fa1faffda3548d703fda553dcff3eb59c1645679d54cc8ac335a0f28fd1dfda12\">studies\u003c/a> over the years have suggested that immigrants are vital to our nation’s technological and economic progress. Today, around a quarter of all workers in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields are immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while there’s plenty of evidence suggesting that immigrants play an important role in American innovation, a group of economists — Shai Bernstein, Rebecca Diamond, Abhisit Jiranaphawiboon, Timothy McQuade, and Beatriz Pousada — wanted to find a more precise estimate of how much immigrants contribute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a fascinating \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a74841f2951aa128f1aa4d21e0bffb815ff9dd769791afdef1fbdc3cbe3fc4cc511b34eeb61e203d8d2440e1d4ce1cbbd8cb\">new working paper\u003c/a>, the economists link patent records to more than 230 \u003cem>million\u003c/em> Social Security numbers. With this incredible dataset, they are able to suss out who among patent-holders are immigrants (by cross-referencing their year of birth and the year they were assigned their Social Security number).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The economists find that, between 1990 and 2016, 16% of all US inventors were immigrants. More than that, they find that the “average immigrant is substantially more productive than the average US-born inventor.” Immigrant inventors produced almost a quarter of all patents during this period. These patents were disproportionately likely to be cited (a sign that they were valuable to their fields) and seem to have more financial value than the typical native-born patent. The economists also find evidence suggesting that immigrant inventors help native-born inventors become more productive. All in all, the economists estimate that immigrants are responsible for roughly 36% of innovation in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for why immigrant inventors tend to be so productive and innovative, the economists entertain various explanations. Immigrant innovators may be motivated to come — and are able to come — to the United States because there’s something special about their character, intelligence, or motivation. Or maybe it’s because they live, work, and think differently when they come here. The economists find these immigrants tend to move to the most productive areas of the country. They tend to have a greater number of collaborators when they work here. And, as the economists write, they also “appear to facilitate the importation of foreign knowledge into the United States, with immigrant inventors relying more heavily on foreign technologies and collaborating more with foreign inventors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants, they suggest, help create a melting pot of knowledge and ideas, which has clear benefits when it comes to innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It’s Hard Being An Immigrant These Days\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many immigrants working in innovation sectors are here on H1-B visas, which allow \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a7486d337ce136f21bfc21c09d7dc82849bba03a968b18f33477746cef51b7530c2ef29e5e3c5bc740c0352695a89ca8ccec\">around 85,000 people\u003c/a> to come to the United States each year, and create a potential pathway for them to become legal permanent residents. These visas tether immigrants to a particular job. But, as our \u003cem>NPR\u003c/em> colleague \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a748c1305d168b37ce8bd06a127122e786975178a0d0300f35b410930f48160f1fdcb464b585aee02ebfc1f4b87ad508cf8c\">Stacey Vanek Smith reported\u003c/a> last month, “if they lose that job, a countdown clock starts.” They have 60 days to find a new job or they must exit the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With financial turmoil roiling the tech sector, companies have been laying off tons of workers. As Stacey reported, there are now thousands of unemployed H1-B visa holders frantically trying to find new jobs so they can stay in the country. But ongoing layoffs and hiring freezes are making that particularly difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=5376e94d21d1a7485b430b13603a584382e786b0a0c40b61b036436840f4fdf564c6dcdd661ffeeb61347f2ac9101086560b6c452623f7bf\">a recent editorial\u003c/a>, the editors of \u003cem>Bloomberg\u003c/em> argue that the current struggle of immigrants in tech “underscores how a flawed system is jeopardizing America’s ability to attract and retain the foreign-born talent it needs.” This system, they argue, is “not only cruel but self-defeating… rather than expanding the pipeline for skilled foreign workers, the US’s onerous policies are increasingly pushing them away, with pro-immigration countries like Canada and Australia becoming more attractive destinations for global talent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the United States taking an increasingly nativist turn in recent years, it’s become more common to hear anti-immigrant rhetoric, about them taking jobs, committing crimes, and “replacing” us. The economists’ new study serves as another potent reminder that immigrants have tremendous value for our economy. Not just as a cheap labor force, but as a group of innovators who help us build new businesses, create jobs, make our companies more productive, and produce products and ideas that enrich our lives and improve our standard of living. Call it the Great Enhancement Theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+nation%2C+new+ideas%3A+A+study+finds+immigrants+out-innovate+native-born+Americans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Billionaire Elon Musk says he will step down as chief executive of Twitter as soon as he finds someone “foolish enough” to succeed him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1605372724800393216\">tweet\u003c/a> on Tuesday, Musk confirmed that he is searching for his replacement, but he gave no timeline for the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s tweet comes two days after he launched a poll on the social network. The majority of respondents voted for his ouster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when Musk finds a new person to head Twitter, he will still be the owner and ultimate decision-maker at the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk indicated as much in his tweet, saying he would “just run the software & servers teams.” Last month, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/16/1137105935/twitter-elon-musk-ultimatum\">told Twitter employees\u003c/a> that Twitter would become “a software and servers company” under his ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Musk \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/15/1143291081/twitter-suspends-journalists-elon-musk-jet\">received broad blowback\u003c/a> for suspending the Twitter accounts of several journalists, the billionaire took to his platform Sunday to pose a question: “Should I step down as head of Twitter? I will abide by the results of this poll.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 17 million voted in the unscientific poll, and nearly 58% of participants supported Musk stepping down as CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the saying goes, be careful what you wish, as you might get it,” Musk tweeted after launching the poll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has previously said it was never his intention to stay CEO of Twitter for the long term, but his tweet on Tuesday comes amid renewed scrutiny of his ability to lead the social media company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"twitter\"]Since Musk took over Twitter in late October, there has been a constant barrage of erratic decisions and turmoil at the company. From laying off more than half of the staff to reinstating the account of former President Trump, Musk has ruled Twitter based on what seem to be his ever-changing whims, with few checks on his decisions. Nearly all of Twitter’s top executives have either been fired or quit since Musk took the reins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid the chaos, major advertisers have fled the platform, just as Musk has repeatedly suggested Twitter could be on the verge of bankruptcy. But longtime analysts of the site doubt that, and suggest Musk could be floating the idea of bankruptcy as cover for his cost-cutting measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The confusion and disarray at Twitter had some Tesla investors fretting that Musk was too distracted to lead both companies. The electric car company accounts for most of Musk’s wealth, but Twitter has been eating up Musk’s schedule. Tesla shares have fallen 56% this year, with some investors suggesting Musk needed to stop trying to juggle leading both operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Tesla investor Ross Gerber \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GerberKawasaki/status/1602685634044477442\">told\u003c/a> Tesla’s board of directors to “wake up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerber\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GerberKawasaki/status/1602685634044477442\"> added\u003c/a> in the tweet: “Who is running tesla and when is Elon coming back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerber \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/21/1138064606/elon-musk-twitter-investors-fans\">told NPR\u003c/a> in November that he thought Musk had made a number of mistakes since buying Twitter, but that he continued to support him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m never betting against this guy,” Gerber said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A brief policy shift leads to broad outcry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Twitter announced a new policy on Sunday that took many users aback: It said tweets including links to other social media sites would no longer be allowed, calling such posts “free promotion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy was quickly reversed, but not before upsetting some of Musk’s most ardent supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey, who previously voiced support for Musk’s takeover of the platform, questioned the policy, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jack/status/1604554444544393216\">saying on Twitter\u003c/a> that it “doesn’t make sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others who had backed Musk’s bid for Twitter appeared frustrated at the decision. Venture capitalist Paul Graham wrote of the policy, “This is the last straw. I give up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/paulg/status/1604556563338887168\">tweet\u003c/a>, also explaining how people could find Graham on rival social media site Mastodon, triggered a brief suspension of his Twitter account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk offered a rare apology in response to the outcry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going forward, there will be a vote for major policy changes. My apologies. Won’t happen again,” Musk \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1604616863673208832?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three minutes later, Musk launched the poll asking whether it was time for him to step down as head of Twitter, and promising to abide by the poll results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Elon+Musk+says+he+will+resign+as+Twitter+CEO+once+he+finds+a+replacement&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Billionaire Elon Musk says he will step down as chief executive of Twitter as soon as he finds someone “foolish enough” to succeed him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1605372724800393216\">tweet\u003c/a> on Tuesday, Musk confirmed that he is searching for his replacement, but he gave no timeline for the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s tweet comes two days after he launched a poll on the social network. The majority of respondents voted for his ouster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when Musk finds a new person to head Twitter, he will still be the owner and ultimate decision-maker at the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk indicated as much in his tweet, saying he would “just run the software & servers teams.” Last month, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/16/1137105935/twitter-elon-musk-ultimatum\">told Twitter employees\u003c/a> that Twitter would become “a software and servers company” under his ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Musk \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/15/1143291081/twitter-suspends-journalists-elon-musk-jet\">received broad blowback\u003c/a> for suspending the Twitter accounts of several journalists, the billionaire took to his platform Sunday to pose a question: “Should I step down as head of Twitter? I will abide by the results of this poll.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 17 million voted in the unscientific poll, and nearly 58% of participants supported Musk stepping down as CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the saying goes, be careful what you wish, as you might get it,” Musk tweeted after launching the poll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has previously said it was never his intention to stay CEO of Twitter for the long term, but his tweet on Tuesday comes amid renewed scrutiny of his ability to lead the social media company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Since Musk took over Twitter in late October, there has been a constant barrage of erratic decisions and turmoil at the company. From laying off more than half of the staff to reinstating the account of former President Trump, Musk has ruled Twitter based on what seem to be his ever-changing whims, with few checks on his decisions. Nearly all of Twitter’s top executives have either been fired or quit since Musk took the reins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid the chaos, major advertisers have fled the platform, just as Musk has repeatedly suggested Twitter could be on the verge of bankruptcy. But longtime analysts of the site doubt that, and suggest Musk could be floating the idea of bankruptcy as cover for his cost-cutting measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The confusion and disarray at Twitter had some Tesla investors fretting that Musk was too distracted to lead both companies. The electric car company accounts for most of Musk’s wealth, but Twitter has been eating up Musk’s schedule. Tesla shares have fallen 56% this year, with some investors suggesting Musk needed to stop trying to juggle leading both operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Tesla investor Ross Gerber \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GerberKawasaki/status/1602685634044477442\">told\u003c/a> Tesla’s board of directors to “wake up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerber\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GerberKawasaki/status/1602685634044477442\"> added\u003c/a> in the tweet: “Who is running tesla and when is Elon coming back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerber \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/21/1138064606/elon-musk-twitter-investors-fans\">told NPR\u003c/a> in November that he thought Musk had made a number of mistakes since buying Twitter, but that he continued to support him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m never betting against this guy,” Gerber said at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A brief policy shift leads to broad outcry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Twitter announced a new policy on Sunday that took many users aback: It said tweets including links to other social media sites would no longer be allowed, calling such posts “free promotion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy was quickly reversed, but not before upsetting some of Musk’s most ardent supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter co-founder Jack Dorsey, who previously voiced support for Musk’s takeover of the platform, questioned the policy, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jack/status/1604554444544393216\">saying on Twitter\u003c/a> that it “doesn’t make sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others who had backed Musk’s bid for Twitter appeared frustrated at the decision. Venture capitalist Paul Graham wrote of the policy, “This is the last straw. I give up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/paulg/status/1604556563338887168\">tweet\u003c/a>, also explaining how people could find Graham on rival social media site Mastodon, triggered a brief suspension of his Twitter account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk offered a rare apology in response to the outcry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going forward, there will be a vote for major policy changes. My apologies. Won’t happen again,” Musk \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1604616863673208832?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three minutes later, Musk launched the poll asking whether it was time for him to step down as head of Twitter, and promising to abide by the poll results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Elon+Musk+says+he+will+resign+as+Twitter+CEO+once+he+finds+a+replacement&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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