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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, June 30\u003c/strong>: Legislation ending personal belief exemptions for vaccines is now a done deal. Gov. Jerry Brown has signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a> into law, and California now has one of the strictest mandatory vaccination laws in the nation. It also becomes the third state after Mississippi and West Virginia to disallow exemptions for religious reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The science is clear that vaccines dramatically protect children against a number of infectious and dangerous diseases,\" Brown said in an accompanying \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_277_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">signing statement\u003c/a>. \"While it's true that no medical intervention is without risk, the evidence shows that immunization powerfully benefits and protects the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"8h6644X70B8IQ2kpxzDWXE8NITVr7Ta7\"]Passage of the law means that starting July 1, 2016, children will have to be vaccinated in order to attend public or private school. Those who opt out will have to be home-schooled or enroll in an independent study program off school grounds. Parents will still be able to secure a medical exemption from a health care provider, who can take into account family history in excusing kids from particular vaccinations -- one of the compromises the bill's authors made in order to get the bill passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill also contains language that would allow a certain amount of grandfathering for those who already have personal belief exemptions on file. Unvaccinated kids can stay unvaccinated and still remain in school until the next “grade span,” as long as their exemption is on file before Jan. 1, 2016. However, children with these exemptions will not be able to enter preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade, and will not be able to change schools, without the mandatory vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the required immunizations, as listed in the bill:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(1) Diphtheria\u003cbr>\n(2) Haemophilus influenzae type b\u003cbr>\n(3) Measles\u003cbr>\n(4) Mumps\u003cbr>\n(5) Pertussis (whooping cough)\u003cbr>\n(6) Poliomyelitis\u003cbr>\n(7) Rubella\u003cbr>\n(8) Tetanus\u003cbr>\n(9) Hepatitis B\u003cbr>\n(10) Varicella (chickenpox)\u003cbr>\n(11) Any other disease deemed appropriate by the state Department of Public Health, taking into consideration the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ongoing Conflict Over Vaccines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1153\" target=\"_blank\"> poll by the Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a> found that 67 percent of Californians and 65 percent of public school parents think children should not be allowed to attend public school without getting vaccinated. Large majorities also said that childhood vaccines are generally safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of parents in California vaccinate their children, but there are pockets in the state where the rate of opting out is high. Marin County, for example, has the highest rate of personal belief exemptions in the Bay Area and among the highest in the state. Last school year, 6.45 percent of Marin’s kindergartners went unvaccinated by invoking the exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who oppose mandatory vaccinations were vocal indeed as SB277 wended its way through the Legislature, holding multiple rallies at the state Capitol, getting ejected from committee hearings, and even \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article18533915.html\" target=\"_blank\">issuing threats\u003c/a> to the bill's backers. The legislation thus became a battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated — a group that includes the scientific and medical community — and those who think the decision should remain personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved in any way, shape or form but remains an article of faith among some in the anti-vaccine movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), a physician, and Sen. Ben Allen (Santa Monica) introduced SB277 amid the measles outbreak that started in Disneyland last December and spread to at least half a dozen additional states. A total of 117 cases were associated with the outbreak, which was declared over on April 17 of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is Gov. Brown's full \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_277_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">SB277 signing statement \u003c/a>today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>To the Members of the California State Senate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 277 has occasioned widespread interest and controversy -- with both proponents and opponents expressing their positions with eloquence and sincerity. After carefully reviewing the materials and arguments that have been presented, I have decided to sign this bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science is clear that vaccines dramatically protect children against a number of infectious and dangerous diseases. While it's true that no medical intervention is without risk, the evidence shows that immunization powerfully benefits and protects the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature, after considerable debate, specifically amended SB 277, to exempt a child from immunizations whenver the child's physician concludes that there are \"circumstances, including but not limited to, family medical history, for which the physician does not recommend immunization...\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, SB 277, while requiring that school children be vaccinated, explicitly provides an exception when a physician believes that circumstances -- in the judgement and sound discretion of the physician -- so warrant.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Senate this afternoon passed amendments to SB277, the bill that ends the vaccine personal belief exemption for schoolchildren. The vote was 23-14 on amendments added by the Assembly. The bill now moves to the desk of Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amendments included a provision to allow consideration of family history by physicians when they grant medical exemptions, and one to honor existing personal belief exemptions until children either reach kindergarten or seventh grade, whichever comes first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has not taken a position on the bill, but as noted on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/california-budget-deal-explained-kqed-politics-podcast/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED’s California Politics Podcast\u003c/a>, some Capitol observers think the fact that his cabinet secretary, Dana Williamson, testified in support of SB277 at the Assembly’s Health Committee hearing was an indication he supported it, even though Williamson emphasized she was speaking on her own behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the governor's staff has sent out statements that Brown “believes that vaccinations are profoundly important and a major public health benefit, and any bill that reaches his desk will be closely considered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's what the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/health/ci_28380608/californias-vaccine-bill-state-assembly-passes-legislation-outlawing\" target=\"_blank\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a> wrote on Thursday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Many pundits are reluctant to predict what Brown will do.\u003cbr>\n\"The three great mysteries in life are the Holy Trinity, transubstantiation and Jerry Brown's mind,'' said Jack Pitney, a Claremont McKenna College political science professor who has studied Brown's decades-long political career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time he endorsed a vaccine bill in 2012, the former Jesuit seminarian tweaked it to make it easier for Californians to claim religious exemptions. Will he be tempted to do that again -- and water down the current legislation?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That 2012 bill was AB2109, which requires parents who want an exemption for their children to submit a signed statement from a health care practitioner who has provided \"information regarding the benefits and risks of the immunization and the health risks of specified communicable diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, however, \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_2109_Signing_Message.pdf\">directed the California Department of Public Health\u003c/a> to allow for a religious exemption to the requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Hastings law professor Dorit Rubinstein Reiss told the Mercury News that Brown \u003cspan id=\"mn_Global\">\u003cspan id=\"MNGiSection\">\"doesn't have the authority to make this sort of change on his own. ... If someone had taken him to court, that clause could have been ruled unconstitutional.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara O'Connor, director emeritus of the Institute for the Study of Politics and Media at Sacramento State, said to the Merc that a religious exemption would prompt the legislative analyst to \"say that's not a minor modification -- it changes the totality of the law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you allow people to get a religious exemption, then everyone who opposes the bill will get one,\" she told the Merc.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, June 30\u003c/strong>: Legislation ending personal belief exemptions for vaccines is now a done deal. Gov. Jerry Brown has signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a> into law, and California now has one of the strictest mandatory vaccination laws in the nation. It also becomes the third state after Mississippi and West Virginia to disallow exemptions for religious reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The science is clear that vaccines dramatically protect children against a number of infectious and dangerous diseases,\" Brown said in an accompanying \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_277_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">signing statement\u003c/a>. \"While it's true that no medical intervention is without risk, the evidence shows that immunization powerfully benefits and protects the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Passage of the law means that starting July 1, 2016, children will have to be vaccinated in order to attend public or private school. Those who opt out will have to be home-schooled or enroll in an independent study program off school grounds. Parents will still be able to secure a medical exemption from a health care provider, who can take into account family history in excusing kids from particular vaccinations -- one of the compromises the bill's authors made in order to get the bill passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill also contains language that would allow a certain amount of grandfathering for those who already have personal belief exemptions on file. Unvaccinated kids can stay unvaccinated and still remain in school until the next “grade span,” as long as their exemption is on file before Jan. 1, 2016. However, children with these exemptions will not be able to enter preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade, and will not be able to change schools, without the mandatory vaccinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the required immunizations, as listed in the bill:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(1) Diphtheria\u003cbr>\n(2) Haemophilus influenzae type b\u003cbr>\n(3) Measles\u003cbr>\n(4) Mumps\u003cbr>\n(5) Pertussis (whooping cough)\u003cbr>\n(6) Poliomyelitis\u003cbr>\n(7) Rubella\u003cbr>\n(8) Tetanus\u003cbr>\n(9) Hepatitis B\u003cbr>\n(10) Varicella (chickenpox)\u003cbr>\n(11) Any other disease deemed appropriate by the state Department of Public Health, taking into consideration the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Academy of Family Physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ongoing Conflict Over Vaccines\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A May \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1153\" target=\"_blank\"> poll by the Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a> found that 67 percent of Californians and 65 percent of public school parents think children should not be allowed to attend public school without getting vaccinated. Large majorities also said that childhood vaccines are generally safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of parents in California vaccinate their children, but there are pockets in the state where the rate of opting out is high. Marin County, for example, has the highest rate of personal belief exemptions in the Bay Area and among the highest in the state. Last school year, 6.45 percent of Marin’s kindergartners went unvaccinated by invoking the exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who oppose mandatory vaccinations were vocal indeed as SB277 wended its way through the Legislature, holding multiple rallies at the state Capitol, getting ejected from committee hearings, and even \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article18533915.html\" target=\"_blank\">issuing threats\u003c/a> to the bill's backers. The legislation thus became a battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated — a group that includes the scientific and medical community — and those who think the decision should remain personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved in any way, shape or form but remains an article of faith among some in the anti-vaccine movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), a physician, and Sen. Ben Allen (Santa Monica) introduced SB277 amid the measles outbreak that started in Disneyland last December and spread to at least half a dozen additional states. A total of 117 cases were associated with the outbreak, which was declared over on April 17 of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is Gov. Brown's full \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_277_Signing_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">SB277 signing statement \u003c/a>today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>To the Members of the California State Senate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 277 has occasioned widespread interest and controversy -- with both proponents and opponents expressing their positions with eloquence and sincerity. After carefully reviewing the materials and arguments that have been presented, I have decided to sign this bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science is clear that vaccines dramatically protect children against a number of infectious and dangerous diseases. While it's true that no medical intervention is without risk, the evidence shows that immunization powerfully benefits and protects the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Legislature, after considerable debate, specifically amended SB 277, to exempt a child from immunizations whenver the child's physician concludes that there are \"circumstances, including but not limited to, family medical history, for which the physician does not recommend immunization...\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, SB 277, while requiring that school children be vaccinated, explicitly provides an exception when a physician believes that circumstances -- in the judgement and sound discretion of the physician -- so warrant.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Senate this afternoon passed amendments to SB277, the bill that ends the vaccine personal belief exemption for schoolchildren. The vote was 23-14 on amendments added by the Assembly. The bill now moves to the desk of Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amendments included a provision to allow consideration of family history by physicians when they grant medical exemptions, and one to honor existing personal belief exemptions until children either reach kindergarten or seventh grade, whichever comes first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has not taken a position on the bill, but as noted on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/california-budget-deal-explained-kqed-politics-podcast/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED’s California Politics Podcast\u003c/a>, some Capitol observers think the fact that his cabinet secretary, Dana Williamson, testified in support of SB277 at the Assembly’s Health Committee hearing was an indication he supported it, even though Williamson emphasized she was speaking on her own behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the governor's staff has sent out statements that Brown “believes that vaccinations are profoundly important and a major public health benefit, and any bill that reaches his desk will be closely considered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's what the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/health/ci_28380608/californias-vaccine-bill-state-assembly-passes-legislation-outlawing\" target=\"_blank\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a> wrote on Thursday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Many pundits are reluctant to predict what Brown will do.\u003cbr>\n\"The three great mysteries in life are the Holy Trinity, transubstantiation and Jerry Brown's mind,'' said Jack Pitney, a Claremont McKenna College political science professor who has studied Brown's decades-long political career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time he endorsed a vaccine bill in 2012, the former Jesuit seminarian tweaked it to make it easier for Californians to claim religious exemptions. Will he be tempted to do that again -- and water down the current legislation?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That 2012 bill was AB2109, which requires parents who want an exemption for their children to submit a signed statement from a health care practitioner who has provided \"information regarding the benefits and risks of the immunization and the health risks of specified communicable diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, however, \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_2109_Signing_Message.pdf\">directed the California Department of Public Health\u003c/a> to allow for a religious exemption to the requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Hastings law professor Dorit Rubinstein Reiss told the Mercury News that Brown \u003cspan id=\"mn_Global\">\u003cspan id=\"MNGiSection\">\"doesn't have the authority to make this sort of change on his own. ... If someone had taken him to court, that clause could have been ruled unconstitutional.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara O'Connor, director emeritus of the Institute for the Study of Politics and Media at Sacramento State, said to the Merc that a religious exemption would prompt the legislative analyst to \"say that's not a minor modification -- it changes the totality of the law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you allow people to get a religious exemption, then everyone who opposes the bill will get one,\" she told the Merc.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SB277, the law passed by the Assembly today, contains language that would allow a certain amount of grandfathering for those who already have personal belief exemptions. To wit, unvaccinated kids can \u003cem>stay\u003c/em> unvaccinated and still remain in school until the next \"grade span,\" as long as their exemption is on file before Jan. 1, 2016. That means children cannot enter preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade without their shots, but can continue to go to school between those junctures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So an unvaccinated child who is in kindergarten, for example, could avoid getting immunized for seven years, until she reaches seventh grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jodi Hicks, with the California Academy of Family Physicians, a supporter of the bill, said that if you changed schools, you might also have to prove your child has been vaccinated, no matter which grade you were in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hicks said the grandfathering was included so schools could implement the new requirements \"with as little disruption as possible,\" retaining all the current \"checkpoints\" at which vaccinations are currently verified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28115461/bill-restricting-vaccine-exemptions-overwhelmingly-passes-state-senate\" target=\"_blank\">Mercury News\u003c/a> had this to stay about this aspect of the bill after it passed the Senate in May:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(P)erhaps the most significant compromise was the authors' pledge to \"grandfather in\" many public and private school students whose parents have claimed personal belief exemptions. That would mean that more than 13,000 children who have had no vaccinations by first grade won't have to get their shots until they enter seventh grade. And nearly 10,000 seventh-graders who today aren't fully vaccinated may be able to avoid future shots because the state does not always require them after that grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was aimed at mollifying hundreds of angry California parents who have staged rallies and jammed hearing rooms, citing their concerns over vaccine side effects and asserting their parental rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By scaling back the bill's reach, their chance of success becomes much greater,\" said Dan Schnur, director of the University of Southern California's Unruh Institute of Politics.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Because the bill was amended in the Assembly, it now goes back to the Senate for another vote before it can be sent to Gov. Jerry Brown. The governor has not said directly that he would sign the bill, but there have been indications that he is at least leaning that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the exact language of the grandfathering section:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A pupil who, prior to January 1, 2016, submitted a letter or affidavit on file at a private or public elementary or secondary school, child day care center, day nursery, nursery school, family day care home, or development center stating beliefs opposed to immunization shall be allowed enrollment to any private or public elementary or secondary school, child day care center, day nursery, nursery school, family day care home, or development center within the state until the pupil enrolls in the next grade span.\u003cbr>\n(2) For purposes of this subdivision, “grade span” means each of the following:\u003cbr>\n(A) Birth to preschool.\u003cbr>\n(B) Kindergarten and grades 1 to 6, inclusive, including transitional kindergarten.\u003cbr>\n(C) Grades 7 to 12, inclusive.\u003cbr>\n(3) Except as provided in this subdivision, on and after July 1, 2016, the governing authority shall not unconditionally admit to any of those institutions specified in this subdivision for the first time, or admit or advance any pupil to 7th grade level, unless the pupil has been immunized for his or her age as required by this section.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SB277, the law passed by the Assembly today, contains language that would allow a certain amount of grandfathering for those who already have personal belief exemptions. To wit, unvaccinated kids can \u003cem>stay\u003c/em> unvaccinated and still remain in school until the next \"grade span,\" as long as their exemption is on file before Jan. 1, 2016. That means children cannot enter preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade without their shots, but can continue to go to school between those junctures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So an unvaccinated child who is in kindergarten, for example, could avoid getting immunized for seven years, until she reaches seventh grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jodi Hicks, with the California Academy of Family Physicians, a supporter of the bill, said that if you changed schools, you might also have to prove your child has been vaccinated, no matter which grade you were in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hicks said the grandfathering was included so schools could implement the new requirements \"with as little disruption as possible,\" retaining all the current \"checkpoints\" at which vaccinations are currently verified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_28115461/bill-restricting-vaccine-exemptions-overwhelmingly-passes-state-senate\" target=\"_blank\">Mercury News\u003c/a> had this to stay about this aspect of the bill after it passed the Senate in May:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(P)erhaps the most significant compromise was the authors' pledge to \"grandfather in\" many public and private school students whose parents have claimed personal belief exemptions. That would mean that more than 13,000 children who have had no vaccinations by first grade won't have to get their shots until they enter seventh grade. And nearly 10,000 seventh-graders who today aren't fully vaccinated may be able to avoid future shots because the state does not always require them after that grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was aimed at mollifying hundreds of angry California parents who have staged rallies and jammed hearing rooms, citing their concerns over vaccine side effects and asserting their parental rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By scaling back the bill's reach, their chance of success becomes much greater,\" said Dan Schnur, director of the University of Southern California's Unruh Institute of Politics.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Because the bill was amended in the Assembly, it now goes back to the Senate for another vote before it can be sent to Gov. Jerry Brown. The governor has not said directly that he would sign the bill, but there have been indications that he is at least leaning that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the exact language of the grandfathering section:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A pupil who, prior to January 1, 2016, submitted a letter or affidavit on file at a private or public elementary or secondary school, child day care center, day nursery, nursery school, family day care home, or development center stating beliefs opposed to immunization shall be allowed enrollment to any private or public elementary or secondary school, child day care center, day nursery, nursery school, family day care home, or development center within the state until the pupil enrolls in the next grade span.\u003cbr>\n(2) For purposes of this subdivision, “grade span” means each of the following:\u003cbr>\n(A) Birth to preschool.\u003cbr>\n(B) Kindergarten and grades 1 to 6, inclusive, including transitional kindergarten.\u003cbr>\n(C) Grades 7 to 12, inclusive.\u003cbr>\n(3) Except as provided in this subdivision, on and after July 1, 2016, the governing authority shall not unconditionally admit to any of those institutions specified in this subdivision for the first time, or admit or advance any pupil to 7th grade level, unless the pupil has been immunized for his or her age as required by this section.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Assembly Votes to End Personal Belief Exemption for Vaccines",
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"content": "\u003cp>The state Assembly Thursday voted 46-30 to end California's personal belief exemption for vaccinating schoolchildren. The bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>, now goes back to the Senate for a vote before it can be sent to the governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1N1Ev5qBIHvvj01FW48IuCB9JdgyA2WC\"]The law would allows kids with existing personal belief exemptions to continue in school until their next \"grade span.\" That means those families can still rely on their exemptions until either entering preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade. Medical exemptions would also still be allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, if signed, would go into effect Jan. 1, 2016. Starting July 1, 2016, students would need vaccinations to attend school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has not taken a position on the bill, but as noted on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/california-budget-deal-explained-kqed-politics-podcast/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED’s California Politics Podcast last week\u003c/a>, some Capitol observers think the fact that his cabinet secretary, Dana Williamson, testified in support of SB277 at the Assembly’s Health Committee hearing was an indication of which way the wind is blowing, even though Williamson emphasized she was speaking on her own behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/06/25/417489013/california-law-to-curtail-vaccine-exemptions-clears-hurdle\" target=\"_blank\">NPR is reporting\u003c/a> that a spokesman for Brown said via email that the governor \"believes that vaccinations are profoundly important and a major public health benefit and any bill that reaches his desk will be closely considered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One option for those opposing the bill, if it's signed, would be to try to undo it through a referendum. But that's easier said than done ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/johnmyers/status/614134251777339392\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), a physician and co-author of the bill, lauded its passage. \"Many of my colleagues have been under a lot of pressure because of the vociferousness of the opposition,\" he told KQED's April Dembosky. \"But when you look at the science and the facts, it's very clear this bill is what we need to do to make sure we protect our communities, protect our children from communicable disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over the bill became a major battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated -- a group that includes the scientific and medical community -- and those who think the decision should remain personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved but remains an article of faith among some in the anti-vaccine movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation gained steam in the wake of the measles outbreak that started in Disneyland last December and spread to at least half a dozen additional states. A total of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\" target=\"_blank\">117 cases\u003c/a> were associated with the outbreak, which was declared over on April 17 of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of parents in California vaccinate their children, but there are pockets in the state where the rate of opting out is high. Marin County, for example, has the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">highest rate of personal belief exemptions in the Bay Area\u003c/a> and among the highest in the state. Last school year, 6.45 percent of Marin’s kindergartners went unvaccinated by invoking it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Marin family who had no choice but to leave their child unvaccinated during the measles scare is the Krawitts. Their 6-year-old son, Rhett, was in remission from leukemia, but his immune system was still too weak to tolerate vaccination; he had to rely on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>, a state of protection for even unvaccinated individuals resulting from immunization by enough of the surrounding population. After Carl Krawitt spoke out against those who voluntarily opt out of vaccination, Rhett became a sort of poster child for people with compromised immune systems put at greater risk from a decrease in the vaccination rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday in Sacramento, Rhett \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/23/boy-leukemia-patient-weighs-in-as-vote-on-vaccine-bill-nears/\" target=\"_blank\">delivered a petition to the governor\u003c/a>, with more than 32,000 signatures, in support of SB277.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>April Dembosky and Lisa Aliferis contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The state Assembly Thursday voted 46-30 to end California's personal belief exemption for vaccinating schoolchildren. The bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>, now goes back to the Senate for a vote before it can be sent to the governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The law would allows kids with existing personal belief exemptions to continue in school until their next \"grade span.\" That means those families can still rely on their exemptions until either entering preschool, kindergarten or seventh grade. Medical exemptions would also still be allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, if signed, would go into effect Jan. 1, 2016. Starting July 1, 2016, students would need vaccinations to attend school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has not taken a position on the bill, but as noted on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/california-budget-deal-explained-kqed-politics-podcast/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED’s California Politics Podcast last week\u003c/a>, some Capitol observers think the fact that his cabinet secretary, Dana Williamson, testified in support of SB277 at the Assembly’s Health Committee hearing was an indication of which way the wind is blowing, even though Williamson emphasized she was speaking on her own behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/06/25/417489013/california-law-to-curtail-vaccine-exemptions-clears-hurdle\" target=\"_blank\">NPR is reporting\u003c/a> that a spokesman for Brown said via email that the governor \"believes that vaccinations are profoundly important and a major public health benefit and any bill that reaches his desk will be closely considered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), a physician and co-author of the bill, lauded its passage. \"Many of my colleagues have been under a lot of pressure because of the vociferousness of the opposition,\" he told KQED's April Dembosky. \"But when you look at the science and the facts, it's very clear this bill is what we need to do to make sure we protect our communities, protect our children from communicable disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over the bill became a major battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated -- a group that includes the scientific and medical community -- and those who think the decision should remain personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved but remains an article of faith among some in the anti-vaccine movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation gained steam in the wake of the measles outbreak that started in Disneyland last December and spread to at least half a dozen additional states. A total of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\" target=\"_blank\">117 cases\u003c/a> were associated with the outbreak, which was declared over on April 17 of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of parents in California vaccinate their children, but there are pockets in the state where the rate of opting out is high. Marin County, for example, has the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/08/21/marin-vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">highest rate of personal belief exemptions in the Bay Area\u003c/a> and among the highest in the state. Last school year, 6.45 percent of Marin’s kindergartners went unvaccinated by invoking it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Marin family who had no choice but to leave their child unvaccinated during the measles scare is the Krawitts. Their 6-year-old son, Rhett, was in remission from leukemia, but his immune system was still too weak to tolerate vaccination; he had to rely on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>, a state of protection for even unvaccinated individuals resulting from immunization by enough of the surrounding population. After Carl Krawitt spoke out against those who voluntarily opt out of vaccination, Rhett became a sort of poster child for people with compromised immune systems put at greater risk from a decrease in the vaccination rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday in Sacramento, Rhett \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/23/boy-leukemia-patient-weighs-in-as-vote-on-vaccine-bill-nears/\" target=\"_blank\">delivered a petition to the governor\u003c/a>, with more than 32,000 signatures, in support of SB277.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>April Dembosky and Lisa Aliferis contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Boy Leukemia Patient Weighs in as Big Vaccine Exemption Vote Nears",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rhett Krawitt, the 6-year-old Marin leukemia patient who became a vaccination poster child during the state measles outbreak that began in Disneyland, is going to Sacramento Wednesday to speak out in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=sb_277&sess=CUR&house=B\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"v8Ovi7xz9WGdWEKH3AAQM5EBBRKjmqD0\"]That bill, which would require all California children to be vaccinated in order to attend school, could come up for a floor vote in the state Assembly this week. SB277 has already passed the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, parents can opt out of vaccinations through a personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over the bill has become a major battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated -- a group that includes the scientific and medical community -- and those who think the decision is personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved in any way, shape or form. As anyone knows who has gone down the rabbit hole of reading user \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/#comment-1820007057\" target=\"_blank\">comments on certain vaccine posts\u003c/a>, the back-and-forth between the two camps can get mega-vitriolic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One interested party who's been following the progress of SB277 is Carl Krawitt, Rhett's father. Rhett could not be vaccinated during the measles scare because his immune system was still too weak, and was thus dependent on \u003ca href=\"http://www.vaccines.gov/basics/protection\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity.\u003c/a> So his father publicly chastised those who voluntarily forgo vaccines, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">telling KQED's Lisa Aliferis\u003c/a>, “If you choose not to immunize your own child and your own child dies because they get measles, OK, that’s your responsibility, that’s your choice. But if your child gets sick and gets my child sick and my child dies,\" he said, \"then … your action has harmed my child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/118290318\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story was picked up nationally, and the family has been using Rhett's high profile to push for the bill. Tomorrow, Rhett will speak at a press conference given by Assemblyman Marc Levine (D-San Rafael). Rhett will also deliver to the governor a \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/california-governor-eliminate-the-personal-belief-vaccine-exemption-that-s-putting-sick-california-kids-at-risk?source_location=petition_footer&algorithm=curated_trending\">Change.org petition\u003c/a> with more than 32,000 signatures calling for the bill's passage. (The site has \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/search?q=sb277\" target=\"_blank\">many petitions related to the bill\u003c/a>, it should be noted, both for and against.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Krawitt says he thinks the Assembly will pass the bill, but is concerned about Gov. Jerry Brown's position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has been very silent,\" Krawitt says. \"We know that [bill co-sponsor] Sen. Pan’s office has had meetings with the governor’s office, but there is no indication of the governor’s position on this issue. For me that’s troubling, because the governor is very outspoken on other issues of science -- global warming, the drought, for example. And SB277 is really rooted in scientific proof ... .\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be true, but as noted on KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/california-budget-deal-explained-kqed-politics-podcast/\" target=\"_blank\">California Politics Podcast\u003c/a> last week, some Capitol observers think the fact that Brown's cabinet secretary, Dana Williamson, testified in support of SB277 at the Assembly's Health Committee hearing was an indication of which way the wind is blowing, even though Williamson emphasized she was speaking on her own behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the way, Rhett, now 7 and in full remission, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/13/parents-relieved-as-son-gets-first-post-leukemia-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">began his schedule of vaccinations\u003c/a> in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're very excited he's vaccinated,\" his father says. \"When he wasn't vaccinated, we didn't travel much. ... We avoided crowded places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now that he's vaccinated, I would feel perfectly safe going to Disneyland.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rhett Krawitt, the 6-year-old Marin leukemia patient who became a vaccination poster child during the state measles outbreak that began in Disneyland, is going to Sacramento Wednesday to speak out in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/postquery?bill_number=sb_277&sess=CUR&house=B\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That bill, which would require all California children to be vaccinated in order to attend school, could come up for a floor vote in the state Assembly this week. SB277 has already passed the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, parents can opt out of vaccinations through a personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over the bill has become a major battleground in the ongoing conflict between those who urge everyone to get vaccinated -- a group that includes the scientific and medical community -- and those who think the decision is personal. Many in that category believe vaccines are responsible for the rising autism rate, a proposition that has never been proved in any way, shape or form. As anyone knows who has gone down the rabbit hole of reading user \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/#comment-1820007057\" target=\"_blank\">comments on certain vaccine posts\u003c/a>, the back-and-forth between the two camps can get mega-vitriolic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One interested party who's been following the progress of SB277 is Carl Krawitt, Rhett's father. Rhett could not be vaccinated during the measles scare because his immune system was still too weak, and was thus dependent on \u003ca href=\"http://www.vaccines.gov/basics/protection\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity.\u003c/a> So his father publicly chastised those who voluntarily forgo vaccines, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">telling KQED's Lisa Aliferis\u003c/a>, “If you choose not to immunize your own child and your own child dies because they get measles, OK, that’s your responsibility, that’s your choice. But if your child gets sick and gets my child sick and my child dies,\" he said, \"then … your action has harmed my child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/118290318\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story was picked up nationally, and the family has been using Rhett's high profile to push for the bill. Tomorrow, Rhett will speak at a press conference given by Assemblyman Marc Levine (D-San Rafael). Rhett will also deliver to the governor a \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/california-governor-eliminate-the-personal-belief-vaccine-exemption-that-s-putting-sick-california-kids-at-risk?source_location=petition_footer&algorithm=curated_trending\">Change.org petition\u003c/a> with more than 32,000 signatures calling for the bill's passage. (The site has \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/search?q=sb277\" target=\"_blank\">many petitions related to the bill\u003c/a>, it should be noted, both for and against.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Krawitt says he thinks the Assembly will pass the bill, but is concerned about Gov. Jerry Brown's position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has been very silent,\" Krawitt says. \"We know that [bill co-sponsor] Sen. Pan’s office has had meetings with the governor’s office, but there is no indication of the governor’s position on this issue. For me that’s troubling, because the governor is very outspoken on other issues of science -- global warming, the drought, for example. And SB277 is really rooted in scientific proof ... .\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be true, but as noted on KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/19/california-budget-deal-explained-kqed-politics-podcast/\" target=\"_blank\">California Politics Podcast\u003c/a> last week, some Capitol observers think the fact that Brown's cabinet secretary, Dana Williamson, testified in support of SB277 at the Assembly's Health Committee hearing was an indication of which way the wind is blowing, even though Williamson emphasized she was speaking on her own behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the way, Rhett, now 7 and in full remission, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/13/parents-relieved-as-son-gets-first-post-leukemia-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">began his schedule of vaccinations\u003c/a> in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're very excited he's vaccinated,\" his father says. \"When he wasn't vaccinated, we didn't travel much. ... We avoided crowded places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now that he's vaccinated, I would feel perfectly safe going to Disneyland.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A contentious bill that would require all California children to be vaccinated in order to attend school -- public or private -- was passed by the Assembly Health Committee Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote was 12-6 and included often-emotional testimony. Hundreds of people lined up to state their opposition to the bill, and the hearing stretched to five hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0251-0300/sb_277_bill_20150219_introduced.html\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a> would end the \"personal belief exemption,\" which allows parents to send their children to school missing some or all vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was introduced with minor amendments to clarify some language in the bill. Just before voting, one of the bill's authors, Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) agreed to add another amendment further clarifying that doctors may consider family history in granting a medical exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testimony included a statement from Dr. Catherine Forest, a family physician who is medical director of the Stanford primary care clinic in Los Altos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is currently treating a 4-year-old boy who has been entered into hospice care. The boy contracted measles as a baby when he was too young to be vaccinated. At first, he seemed to recover fully, but then a year ago, he started to decline and was diagnosed with a rare complication of measles, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis or \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/complications.html\" target=\"_blank\">SSPE\u003c/a>, which is thought to be caused by persistent measles virus infection in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forest said the boy's death \"will be due to a failure of our herd immunity.\" In a later interview, she added, \"This child will die just because we don't all get immunized. Period.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Loe Fisher of the Virginia-based National Vaccine Information Center, is an outspoken skeptic of vaccine safety. \"No doctor in California, or public health official at the CDC in Atlanta, can accurately predict whether or not a child will suffer brain inflammation, injury or death after vaccination,\" she said at the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill heads next to the Assembly floor. If it becomes law, California would join Mississippi and West Virginia as states with the most strict vaccine laws in the country.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A contentious bill that would require all California children to be vaccinated in order to attend school -- public or private -- was passed by the Assembly Health Committee Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote was 12-6 and included often-emotional testimony. Hundreds of people lined up to state their opposition to the bill, and the hearing stretched to five hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0251-0300/sb_277_bill_20150219_introduced.html\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a> would end the \"personal belief exemption,\" which allows parents to send their children to school missing some or all vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was introduced with minor amendments to clarify some language in the bill. Just before voting, one of the bill's authors, Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) agreed to add another amendment further clarifying that doctors may consider family history in granting a medical exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testimony included a statement from Dr. Catherine Forest, a family physician who is medical director of the Stanford primary care clinic in Los Altos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is currently treating a 4-year-old boy who has been entered into hospice care. The boy contracted measles as a baby when he was too young to be vaccinated. At first, he seemed to recover fully, but then a year ago, he started to decline and was diagnosed with a rare complication of measles, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis or \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/complications.html\" target=\"_blank\">SSPE\u003c/a>, which is thought to be caused by persistent measles virus infection in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forest said the boy's death \"will be due to a failure of our herd immunity.\" In a later interview, she added, \"This child will die just because we don't all get immunized. Period.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Loe Fisher of the Virginia-based National Vaccine Information Center, is an outspoken skeptic of vaccine safety. \"No doctor in California, or public health official at the CDC in Atlanta, can accurately predict whether or not a child will suffer brain inflammation, injury or death after vaccination,\" she said at the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill heads next to the Assembly floor. If it becomes law, California would join Mississippi and West Virginia as states with the most strict vaccine laws in the country.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Just over two-thirds of California adults -- and nearly as many parents of public school students -- say unvaccinated children should not be allowed to attend public schools, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1153\" target=\"_blank\">new statewide survey\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey comes as \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0251-0300/sb_277_bill_20150219_introduced.html\" target=\"_blank\">a bill \u003c/a>to end California's personal belief exemption for vaccines has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/05/14/california-senate-approves-bill-that-would-end-vaccine-opt-out/\" target=\"_blank\">passed by the Senate \u003c/a>and will be taken up by the Assembly this summer. Each hearing of the bill so far has brought hundreds of opponents to the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the bill, SB277, children would be required to be vaccinated in order to attend school. Only those who could not be vaccinated for medical reasons would be exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PPIC survey asked about three dozen questions on a range of issues. Just two were about vaccines, and neither asked specifically if people supported overturning the vaccine exemption. Here is the first question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 27\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Should children who have not been vaccinated from diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella be allowed to attend public schools, or not?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Sixty-seven percent of adults and 65 percent of public school parents said that unvaccinated students should not be allowed in public school. But under SB277, unvaccinated students would not be allowed in either public or private schools. Mark Baldassare, PPIC president and CEO, acknowledged that the question was \"not precisely the issue on the legislative agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's interesting about the question is that the PPIC singled out measles, mumps and rubella -- and support for required vaccination was still very strong. The measles vaccine has caused significant concern after a 1998 study claimed a link between the vaccine and autism. That \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/01/05/autism.vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">study has since been discredited.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second question was about vaccine safety:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 28\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In general, how safe are vaccines given to children for diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella—very safe, somewhat safe, not very safe, or not safe at all?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Eighty-seven percent of adults and 88 percent of public school parents said vaccines were either \"very safe\" or \"somewhat safe.\" More than half of respondents were in the \"very safe\" category. Seven percent of adults said vaccines were \"not very safe\" and three percent said they were \"not safe at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baldassare said that the results were consistent across all the state's regions, as well as political and demographic groups, although Latinos were much less likely than whites to say that vaccines are very safe (49 percent vs. 65 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally speaking, we found that it was the college graduates and those with some college who were more likely to say that vaccines are very safe,\" Baldassare said, \"compared to those with high school degrees or less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) is one of the authors of SB277. He was enthusiastic about the findings, noting that \"(t)he poll shows overwhelming majorities of California parents support SB277, understand that vaccines are safe and believe the personal belief exemption is putting our kids and communities at risk of preventable diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telephone survey of 1,706 California adults was conducted during the week of May 17-27. It was funded by the James Irvine Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll also included some questions about the legalization of marijuana. PPIC says a \"record high\" percentage of Californians -- 54 percent -- support legalizing marijuana; 44 percent oppose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of the PPIC poll are in line with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-poll-on-vaccines-and-the-measles-outbreak/\" target=\"_blank\">national poll \u003c/a>conducted by CBS News in February, which found that 66 percent of Americans think parents should be required to vaccinate their children, and 64 percent say unvaccinated children should not be permitted to attend public school.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just over two-thirds of California adults -- and nearly as many parents of public school students -- say unvaccinated children should not be allowed to attend public schools, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1153\" target=\"_blank\">new statewide survey\u003c/a> from the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey comes as \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0251-0300/sb_277_bill_20150219_introduced.html\" target=\"_blank\">a bill \u003c/a>to end California's personal belief exemption for vaccines has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/05/14/california-senate-approves-bill-that-would-end-vaccine-opt-out/\" target=\"_blank\">passed by the Senate \u003c/a>and will be taken up by the Assembly this summer. Each hearing of the bill so far has brought hundreds of opponents to the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the bill, SB277, children would be required to be vaccinated in order to attend school. Only those who could not be vaccinated for medical reasons would be exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PPIC survey asked about three dozen questions on a range of issues. Just two were about vaccines, and neither asked specifically if people supported overturning the vaccine exemption. Here is the first question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 27\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Should children who have not been vaccinated from diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella be allowed to attend public schools, or not?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Sixty-seven percent of adults and 65 percent of public school parents said that unvaccinated students should not be allowed in public school. But under SB277, unvaccinated students would not be allowed in either public or private schools. Mark Baldassare, PPIC president and CEO, acknowledged that the question was \"not precisely the issue on the legislative agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's interesting about the question is that the PPIC singled out measles, mumps and rubella -- and support for required vaccination was still very strong. The measles vaccine has caused significant concern after a 1998 study claimed a link between the vaccine and autism. That \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/01/05/autism.vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">study has since been discredited.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second question was about vaccine safety:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 28\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In general, how safe are vaccines given to children for diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella—very safe, somewhat safe, not very safe, or not safe at all?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Eighty-seven percent of adults and 88 percent of public school parents said vaccines were either \"very safe\" or \"somewhat safe.\" More than half of respondents were in the \"very safe\" category. Seven percent of adults said vaccines were \"not very safe\" and three percent said they were \"not safe at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baldassare said that the results were consistent across all the state's regions, as well as political and demographic groups, although Latinos were much less likely than whites to say that vaccines are very safe (49 percent vs. 65 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally speaking, we found that it was the college graduates and those with some college who were more likely to say that vaccines are very safe,\" Baldassare said, \"compared to those with high school degrees or less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) is one of the authors of SB277. He was enthusiastic about the findings, noting that \"(t)he poll shows overwhelming majorities of California parents support SB277, understand that vaccines are safe and believe the personal belief exemption is putting our kids and communities at risk of preventable diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The telephone survey of 1,706 California adults was conducted during the week of May 17-27. It was funded by the James Irvine Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll also included some questions about the legalization of marijuana. PPIC says a \"record high\" percentage of Californians -- 54 percent -- support legalizing marijuana; 44 percent oppose it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results of the PPIC poll are in line with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-news-poll-on-vaccines-and-the-measles-outbreak/\" target=\"_blank\">national poll \u003c/a>conducted by CBS News in February, which found that 66 percent of Americans think parents should be required to vaccinate their children, and 64 percent say unvaccinated children should not be permitted to attend public school.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It was a beautiful Saturday in the fall of 2005. The leaves in Cincinnati were changing colors, and Lisa Smith had just finished watching her son's soccer game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She ran some errands, including something she'd been meaning to do for a week — get a flu shot. She stopped by her local pharmacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She didn't think about the shot again until a few days later, when she woke up feeling a bit strange. She had an odd tickle in her throat and her leg muscles were sore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Almost like I'd been exercising,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next couple of weeks, the soreness got worse. Then, one evening, with her husband and two sons out of town for the weekend, Smith realized she couldn't stand up. She was stuck on her living room couch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her neighbor happened to stop by, and Smith asked her to call an ambulance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paramedics arrived. As they loaded her onto a stretcher, Smith began screaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The doctors later told me the nerves were all inflamed,\" she says. The pain \"was like having third-degree burns on my legs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ambulance, the paramedics asked Smith if she had recently received a flu shot. At the hospital, the nurses asked the same question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, why does everybody keep asking me if I've had a flu shot?\" she says. The nurses told her paralysis was a rare, but known side effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith was diagnosed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gbs/detail_gbs.htm#281493139\" target=\"_blank\">Guillain-Barre syndrome, \u003c/a>a condition in which the immune system attacks the nerves. According to Dr. Tom Shimabukuro, a vaccine specialist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, roughly 3,000 to 6,000 people in the U.S. develop the syndrome each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shimabukuro says most cases of Guillain-Barre are \u003cem>not\u003c/em> linked to the flu vaccine, but it's possible that some are. He says the data fluctuate from year to year and are inconclusive, but the epidemiology and timing of cases suggests that, at most, one or two people might develop Guillain-Barre per million doses of flu vaccine administered. With roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">130 million\u003c/a> flu shots given in the U.S. each year, that translates to, maybe, 130 to 260 cases across the country, annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lest that put you off getting immunized, it is worth noting, Shimabukuro says, that getting sick with the flu appears to increase one's risk of developing Guillain-Barre syndrome \u003cem>more\u003c/em> than getting the flu shot does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days after Lisa Smith received her Guillain-Barre diagnosis, her friend Jackie visited her in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[She] said, 'Lisa, they know this happens,' \" Smith recalls. \" 'There's a form you fill out and there's a court that you file claims in.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith did some research, found a lawyer, and took her case to the Office of Special Masters of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims — commonly called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/vaccine-program-readmore\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court administers a no-fault compensation program that serves as an alternative to the traditional U.S. tort system. The program was established in 1986, after a series of high-profile lawsuits against drug companies. A number of children had serious adverse reactions — including seizures and brain damage — that appeared to be linked to the diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus vaccine or DPT vaccine (this version was later replaced by the DTaP vaccine). The parents filed lawsuits against the makers of the DTP vaccine and, in at least two cases, won awards worth millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several drug companies then threatened to cease vaccine production, claiming the risk of litigation was too high. Anna Kirkland, an associate professor of women's studies and political science at the University of Michigan, says that threat frightened health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a real fear that some of our childhood vaccines would no longer be available,\" says Kirkland, who has written several \u003ca href=\"http://sss.sagepub.com/content/42/2/237\" target=\"_blank\">articles\u003c/a> on the vaccine court, and has a book in the works on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation/authorizinglegislation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act\u003c/a>, a bill that established the no-fault compensation program for vaccine injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Basically what it did was shield the vaccine makers from liability,\" Kirkland says, thereby encouraging them to continue producing vaccines and developing new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program also created a special fund to compensate vaccine recipients who'd been hurt, through a 75-cent surcharge on every dose of vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To expedite the compensation process, the court created a list of side effects that, according to the best available science, are sometimes caused by vaccines. This list — called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation/vaccinetable.html\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine injury table\u003c/a> — is updated regularly, following reviews of scientific literature by the Institute of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To win a claim, a petitioner must provide proof of having received a certain vaccine and, within a specified time frame, subsequently developed a condition included in the vaccine injury table. Petitioners don't have to prove that the immunization caused their condition — the court operates under a presumption of causation if the injury develops within a certain period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cases where someone has a condition not listed in the table, there is a higher burden of proof. In addition to evidence of vaccination and a medical diagnosis, petitioners must also have a statement from a medical expert — usually a physician — with a plausible explanation of how the vaccine could have caused the injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court is in the process of officially adding Guillain-Barre syndrome to the vaccine injury table. So, for Lisa Smith, the court process was pretty straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months after she submitted her case, Smith got a phone call from her lawyer. She was told that the court had determined that her case had merit. Smith accepted an award; the decision requires that she not discuss the terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the court received 542 claims and compensated 365 people for a total of $202 million. Settlements ranged from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Many were for the flu shot and Guillain-Barre syndrome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, 10 years after she first developed Guillain-Barre, Lisa Smith is still dealing with complications from the condition. The settlement helped, she says, but for her it wasn't about the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For me it was an acknowledgment that this happens — they know it happens,\" she says. \"And I want an honest discussion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people who might qualify for compensation in the vaccine court don't know it exists. Anna Kirkland says there has been a lot of discussion over the years about advertising the court's services. But doing that creates a problem, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Critics, once they see a compensation — you see this on blogs and websites all the time — [say] this means vaccines are dangerous and you shouldn't vaccinate,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have worried about the downside of such publicity for years, Kirkland says. If the court becomes too high-profile and people keep hearing about payouts to the rare patients who may have been harmed by an immunization, the public might think vaccines are more dangerous than significant research and evidence suggests they are. And, as a result, vaccination rates might fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Kirkland says, there was an attempt to promote the court more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They had [a] public relations firm prepare this advertising campaign,\" she says, \"and then Congress just didn't fund it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the court keeps humming away, quietly, in the background, hearing cases from people who are able to find it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Vaccine+Court+Aims+To+Protect+Patients+And+Vaccines&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her neighbor happened to stop by, and Smith asked her to call an ambulance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paramedics arrived. As they loaded her onto a stretcher, Smith began screaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The doctors later told me the nerves were all inflamed,\" she says. The pain \"was like having third-degree burns on my legs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ambulance, the paramedics asked Smith if she had recently received a flu shot. At the hospital, the nurses asked the same question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, why does everybody keep asking me if I've had a flu shot?\" she says. The nurses told her paralysis was a rare, but known side effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith was diagnosed with \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gbs/detail_gbs.htm#281493139\" target=\"_blank\">Guillain-Barre syndrome, \u003c/a>a condition in which the immune system attacks the nerves. According to Dr. Tom Shimabukuro, a vaccine specialist at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, roughly 3,000 to 6,000 people in the U.S. develop the syndrome each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shimabukuro says most cases of Guillain-Barre are \u003cem>not\u003c/em> linked to the flu vaccine, but it's possible that some are. He says the data fluctuate from year to year and are inconclusive, but the epidemiology and timing of cases suggests that, at most, one or two people might develop Guillain-Barre per million doses of flu vaccine administered. With roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm\" target=\"_blank\">130 million\u003c/a> flu shots given in the U.S. each year, that translates to, maybe, 130 to 260 cases across the country, annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lest that put you off getting immunized, it is worth noting, Shimabukuro says, that getting sick with the flu appears to increase one's risk of developing Guillain-Barre syndrome \u003cem>more\u003c/em> than getting the flu shot does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days after Lisa Smith received her Guillain-Barre diagnosis, her friend Jackie visited her in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[She] said, 'Lisa, they know this happens,' \" Smith recalls. \" 'There's a form you fill out and there's a court that you file claims in.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith did some research, found a lawyer, and took her case to the Office of Special Masters of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims — commonly called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/vaccine-program-readmore\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court administers a no-fault compensation program that serves as an alternative to the traditional U.S. tort system. The program was established in 1986, after a series of high-profile lawsuits against drug companies. A number of children had serious adverse reactions — including seizures and brain damage — that appeared to be linked to the diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus vaccine or DPT vaccine (this version was later replaced by the DTaP vaccine). The parents filed lawsuits against the makers of the DTP vaccine and, in at least two cases, won awards worth millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several drug companies then threatened to cease vaccine production, claiming the risk of litigation was too high. Anna Kirkland, an associate professor of women's studies and political science at the University of Michigan, says that threat frightened health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a real fear that some of our childhood vaccines would no longer be available,\" says Kirkland, who has written several \u003ca href=\"http://sss.sagepub.com/content/42/2/237\" target=\"_blank\">articles\u003c/a> on the vaccine court, and has a book in the works on the topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Congress passed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation/authorizinglegislation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act\u003c/a>, a bill that established the no-fault compensation program for vaccine injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Basically what it did was shield the vaccine makers from liability,\" Kirkland says, thereby encouraging them to continue producing vaccines and developing new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program also created a special fund to compensate vaccine recipients who'd been hurt, through a 75-cent surcharge on every dose of vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To expedite the compensation process, the court created a list of side effects that, according to the best available science, are sometimes caused by vaccines. This list — called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrsa.gov/vaccinecompensation/vaccinetable.html\" target=\"_blank\">vaccine injury table\u003c/a> — is updated regularly, following reviews of scientific literature by the Institute of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To win a claim, a petitioner must provide proof of having received a certain vaccine and, within a specified time frame, subsequently developed a condition included in the vaccine injury table. Petitioners don't have to prove that the immunization caused their condition — the court operates under a presumption of causation if the injury develops within a certain period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cases where someone has a condition not listed in the table, there is a higher burden of proof. In addition to evidence of vaccination and a medical diagnosis, petitioners must also have a statement from a medical expert — usually a physician — with a plausible explanation of how the vaccine could have caused the injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court is in the process of officially adding Guillain-Barre syndrome to the vaccine injury table. So, for Lisa Smith, the court process was pretty straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few months after she submitted her case, Smith got a phone call from her lawyer. She was told that the court had determined that her case had merit. Smith accepted an award; the decision requires that she not discuss the terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the court received 542 claims and compensated 365 people for a total of $202 million. Settlements ranged from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of dollars. Many were for the flu shot and Guillain-Barre syndrome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, 10 years after she first developed Guillain-Barre, Lisa Smith is still dealing with complications from the condition. The settlement helped, she says, but for her it wasn't about the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For me it was an acknowledgment that this happens — they know it happens,\" she says. \"And I want an honest discussion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people who might qualify for compensation in the vaccine court don't know it exists. Anna Kirkland says there has been a lot of discussion over the years about advertising the court's services. But doing that creates a problem, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Critics, once they see a compensation — you see this on blogs and websites all the time — [say] this means vaccines are dangerous and you shouldn't vaccinate,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials have worried about the downside of such publicity for years, Kirkland says. If the court becomes too high-profile and people keep hearing about payouts to the rare patients who may have been harmed by an immunization, the public might think vaccines are more dangerous than significant research and evidence suggests they are. And, as a result, vaccination rates might fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Kirkland says, there was an attempt to promote the court more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They had [a] public relations firm prepare this advertising campaign,\" she says, \"and then Congress just didn't fund it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the court keeps humming away, quietly, in the background, hearing cases from people who are able to find it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Vaccine+Court+Aims+To+Protect+Patients+And+Vaccines&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After years of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">increasing rates\u003c/a> of parents voluntarily choosing to skip vaccinations for their children, public health professionals and researchers have been looking at new ways to ease the concerns of parents who are vaccine hesitant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that turns out to be tough to do. Simply educating parents about the safety and efficacy of vaccines \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/02/25/peds.2013-2365.abstract?sid=4c82b05f-5ad9-4ab5-b91e-b187e909c237\" target=\"_blank\">doesn't increase \u003c/a>their likelihood of vaccinating their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Group Health Research Institute in Seattle tried a different approach. Since \u003ca href=\"http://www.researchgate.net/publication/6716211_Association_between_health_care_providers'_influence_on_parents_who_have_concerns_about_vaccine_safety_and_vaccination_coverage\" target=\"_blank\">numerous studies\u003c/a> show that doctors are the most trusted communicators of information about vaccines, researchers tried an intervention aimed at improving how doctors and other providers communicate with vaccine-hesitant mothers about vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The intervention was designed to involve parents and respect where they were coming from, respect that they wanted what was best for their child, and the provider wanted that, too,\" said the study's lead author, Nora Henrikson, Ph.D., a research associate with the institute. The goal, she said, was to help doctors address parents' concerns, but \"still make a strong recommendation for vaccines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a lofty goal, but the upshot is this: It didn't work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no sign that what the researchers did in the study helped to reduce vaccine hesitancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not the end of this approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists like to say that finding out something doesn't work can be just as important as finding out when something does. Not only researchers involved with the study -- but also those who had nothing to do with it -- say that's the case here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's look first at what Group Health Research did in its study, which they say is the first randomized trial to test improving hesitancy about vaccination -- by directly targeting doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of the new approach was a 45-minute training of a \"novel communication strategy\" with doctors and providers, It was based on \"best practices in physican-patient communication, adapted to vaccine conversations,\" the authors wrote. Doctors also received written support material, monthly emails and assistance upon request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parents themselves did not receive training. The goal was to see if giving doctors better tools in communicating about vaccines would reduce hesitancy in mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, 347 mothers of healthy newborn babies were randomized into two groups: Some received care in clinics where doctors had received the training, and the rest went to clinics that did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study lasted six months, and vaccine hesitancy declined somewhat in both groups, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two. During the study period, there was a whooping cough outbreak in Washington, as well as a new law requiring a doctor's note before opting out of vaccines. The decline in vaccine hesitancy may have been related to those events, rather than anything in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was published in the journal Pediatrics and was funded by the Group Health Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, we were hopeful that it would improve vaccine hesitancy, so we would have preferred to see a different effect,\" Henrikson said, \"but it really raised more questions about what other projects we could do moving forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brendan Nyhan, a professor of government at Dartmouth, has been looking at vaccines and testing different approaches of educating parents. He was also positive about the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're headed in the right direction,\" he told State of Health. \"We're starting to ask better questions, and part of real science is that sometimes our experiments don't work out the way we expect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any accompanying editorial, Julie Leask, Ph.D., with the University of Sydney's School of Public Health, and Paul Kinnersley, M.D., at the Institute of Medical Education at the University of Cardiff in Wales, said the study \"required careful consideration and should be seen as the start, not the end of the story.\" It pointed to a \"clear need to develop new approaches to vaccine consultation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Henrikson's big questions was whether the 45-minute training was \"a big enough dose of the intervention. It's not a bad intervention,\" she said, \"but a more intense version of it might be able to make a difference.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the overwhelming majority of parents do vaccinate their children, Henrikson said another area for future research could be identifying ways to \"help providers make time for parents who do have more questions and need more time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed out that concerns about vaccines are not an all-or-nothing proposition. It's a continuum, she says. On one end are people who support vaccines and ensure their children receive all recommended vaccinations. On the other end are people who refuse all vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then there are people in between,\" Henrikson said, \"and we're still understanding that. And at what point do people really have all the information they need?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we want to do is build a body of evidence about how doctors can communicate about vaccines,\" Nyhan said. \"Each time we do this, we'll learn more.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After years of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">increasing rates\u003c/a> of parents voluntarily choosing to skip vaccinations for their children, public health professionals and researchers have been looking at new ways to ease the concerns of parents who are vaccine hesitant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that turns out to be tough to do. Simply educating parents about the safety and efficacy of vaccines \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/02/25/peds.2013-2365.abstract?sid=4c82b05f-5ad9-4ab5-b91e-b187e909c237\" target=\"_blank\">doesn't increase \u003c/a>their likelihood of vaccinating their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Group Health Research Institute in Seattle tried a different approach. Since \u003ca href=\"http://www.researchgate.net/publication/6716211_Association_between_health_care_providers'_influence_on_parents_who_have_concerns_about_vaccine_safety_and_vaccination_coverage\" target=\"_blank\">numerous studies\u003c/a> show that doctors are the most trusted communicators of information about vaccines, researchers tried an intervention aimed at improving how doctors and other providers communicate with vaccine-hesitant mothers about vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The intervention was designed to involve parents and respect where they were coming from, respect that they wanted what was best for their child, and the provider wanted that, too,\" said the study's lead author, Nora Henrikson, Ph.D., a research associate with the institute. The goal, she said, was to help doctors address parents' concerns, but \"still make a strong recommendation for vaccines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a lofty goal, but the upshot is this: It didn't work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no sign that what the researchers did in the study helped to reduce vaccine hesitancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not the end of this approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists like to say that finding out something doesn't work can be just as important as finding out when something does. Not only researchers involved with the study -- but also those who had nothing to do with it -- say that's the case here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's look first at what Group Health Research did in its study, which they say is the first randomized trial to test improving hesitancy about vaccination -- by directly targeting doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of the new approach was a 45-minute training of a \"novel communication strategy\" with doctors and providers, It was based on \"best practices in physican-patient communication, adapted to vaccine conversations,\" the authors wrote. Doctors also received written support material, monthly emails and assistance upon request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parents themselves did not receive training. The goal was to see if giving doctors better tools in communicating about vaccines would reduce hesitancy in mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, 347 mothers of healthy newborn babies were randomized into two groups: Some received care in clinics where doctors had received the training, and the rest went to clinics that did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study lasted six months, and vaccine hesitancy declined somewhat in both groups, but there was no statistically significant difference between the two. During the study period, there was a whooping cough outbreak in Washington, as well as a new law requiring a doctor's note before opting out of vaccines. The decline in vaccine hesitancy may have been related to those events, rather than anything in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was published in the journal Pediatrics and was funded by the Group Health Foundation and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, we were hopeful that it would improve vaccine hesitancy, so we would have preferred to see a different effect,\" Henrikson said, \"but it really raised more questions about what other projects we could do moving forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brendan Nyhan, a professor of government at Dartmouth, has been looking at vaccines and testing different approaches of educating parents. He was also positive about the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're headed in the right direction,\" he told State of Health. \"We're starting to ask better questions, and part of real science is that sometimes our experiments don't work out the way we expect.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any accompanying editorial, Julie Leask, Ph.D., with the University of Sydney's School of Public Health, and Paul Kinnersley, M.D., at the Institute of Medical Education at the University of Cardiff in Wales, said the study \"required careful consideration and should be seen as the start, not the end of the story.\" It pointed to a \"clear need to develop new approaches to vaccine consultation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Henrikson's big questions was whether the 45-minute training was \"a big enough dose of the intervention. It's not a bad intervention,\" she said, \"but a more intense version of it might be able to make a difference.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the overwhelming majority of parents do vaccinate their children, Henrikson said another area for future research could be identifying ways to \"help providers make time for parents who do have more questions and need more time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed out that concerns about vaccines are not an all-or-nothing proposition. It's a continuum, she says. On one end are people who support vaccines and ensure their children receive all recommended vaccinations. On the other end are people who refuse all vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Then there are people in between,\" Henrikson said, \"and we're still understanding that. And at what point do people really have all the information they need?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we want to do is build a body of evidence about how doctors can communicate about vaccines,\" Nyhan said. \"Each time we do this, we'll learn more.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The state Senate has passed a bill that would require virtually all California schoolchildren to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0251-0300/sb_277_bill_20150219_introduced.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB277\u003c/a> would end the “personal belief exemption” that allows parents to opt out of vaccines on behalf of their children and send their kids to school with some vaccinations or none at all. The Senate voted 25-10, mostly on partisan lines, after a long debate Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s co-author, Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), introduced the bill in the wake of a measles outbreak earlier this year that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started at Disneyland\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While statewide vaccination rates are high — over 90 percent — some communities have high rates of children with a personal belief exemption on file with their school districts. In some schools, the rate of personal belief exemptions can be \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50 percent or much higher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have pockets of low vaccination,” Pan said, “we need to do more to protect our communities. … This is a matter of public safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several sets of amendments to the bill — including a religious exemption and a requirement to disclose vaccine ingredients — were introduced and then tabled after votes by the full Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting a religious exemption is not unreasonable,” said Sen. Joel Anderson, R-San Diego. “Don’t get caught up with zeal. … You can gain more with honey than you can with vinegar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pan said that he had not received any letters from mainstream religious organizations opposing the bill. He and SB277 co-author Ben Allen (D-Santa Monica) have “had our own conversations with religious leaders, including the Catholic Church, and they do not oppose vaccination or this bill,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A religious exemption could become an issue with Gov. Jerry Brown, who \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/11/11/how-californias-law-to-encourage-vaccination-could-backfire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">added a religious exemption in 2012 \u003c/a>when he signed into law another Pan vaccine bill — AB2109, which required those wanting a personal belief exemption to first meet with a health care provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said he was open to talking with the governor about a religious exemption, but said he had not heard from Brown’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Pan’s bill becomes law, California would become only the third state without both a religious and personal exemption to vaccines. It would mean that children not fully vaccinated against 10 specified diseases could only be home-schooled. The bill applies to all students in public, private and parochial schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons would be able to obtain an exemption. This includes children being treated for cancer or those with a compromised immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill heads next to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "California Senate Approves Bill That Would End Vaccine Opt-Out",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The state Senate has passed a bill that would require virtually all California schoolchildren to be vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0251-0300/sb_277_bill_20150219_introduced.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB277\u003c/a> would end the “personal belief exemption” that allows parents to opt out of vaccines on behalf of their children and send their kids to school with some vaccinations or none at all. The Senate voted 25-10, mostly on partisan lines, after a long debate Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s co-author, Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), introduced the bill in the wake of a measles outbreak earlier this year that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/07/nine-measles-cases-tied-to-disneyland-parks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started at Disneyland\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While statewide vaccination rates are high — over 90 percent — some communities have high rates of children with a personal belief exemption on file with their school districts. In some schools, the rate of personal belief exemptions can be \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50 percent or much higher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have pockets of low vaccination,” Pan said, “we need to do more to protect our communities. … This is a matter of public safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several sets of amendments to the bill — including a religious exemption and a requirement to disclose vaccine ingredients — were introduced and then tabled after votes by the full Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting a religious exemption is not unreasonable,” said Sen. Joel Anderson, R-San Diego. “Don’t get caught up with zeal. … You can gain more with honey than you can with vinegar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pan said that he had not received any letters from mainstream religious organizations opposing the bill. He and SB277 co-author Ben Allen (D-Santa Monica) have “had our own conversations with religious leaders, including the Catholic Church, and they do not oppose vaccination or this bill,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A religious exemption could become an issue with Gov. Jerry Brown, who \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/11/11/how-californias-law-to-encourage-vaccination-could-backfire/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">added a religious exemption in 2012 \u003c/a>when he signed into law another Pan vaccine bill — AB2109, which required those wanting a personal belief exemption to first meet with a health care provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said he was open to talking with the governor about a religious exemption, but said he had not heard from Brown’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Pan’s bill becomes law, California would become only the third state without both a religious and personal exemption to vaccines. It would mean that children not fully vaccinated against 10 specified diseases could only be home-schooled. The bill applies to all students in public, private and parochial schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons would be able to obtain an exemption. This includes children being treated for cancer or those with a compromised immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill heads next to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Vaccine Exemption Bill Stalls in Sacramento; Vote Next Week",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24949\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/RS6837_149948672-e1429144072713.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24949\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/RS6837_149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A bill that would eliminate the vaccine personal belief exemption stalled before the Senate Education Committee Wednesday in Sacramento. Lawmakers were deeply concerned that the bill would bar too many children from school. The bill's co-author, Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), asked the committee to delay a vote until next Wednesday after the committee chairwoman warned him he did not have enough votes to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said he will use the time to address their concerns, possibly adding amendments to the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the bill, \u003ca title=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>, California would no longer permit any vaccine exemptions except a medical one, meaning virtually all children would have to be vaccinated in order to attend public or private school. Even home-schoolers who group together would be affected under the current language, one of the committee's complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While several committee members expressed their support for vaccines, they were worried that the bill goes too far. \"I'm looking for the compelling state interest in doing something (this) draconian,\" said state Sen. Loni Hancock (D-Berkeley). \"If I'm reading the bill correctly, there's nothing you can do if you choose not to vaccinate your child,\" except home-school and then only with your own children.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hancock said that she wondered if this bill was the \"best way to build community consensus\" around increasing vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee chair Carol Liu (D-Glendale) pointedly asked Pan, \"How do you justify the public purpose of public safety and the right for everyone to have access\" to an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would make California one of only three states -- along with West Virginia and Mississippi -- without a religious or philosophical exemption to vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" target=\"_blank\">tiny minority of California schoolchildren\u003c/a> -- about 2.5 percent of the state's kindergartners this year -- have a personal belief exemption on file. But parents who support the exemption were out in full force at the hearing, testifying in opposition to the bill, just as they had turned out \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/07/bill-ending-personal-belief-exemption-for-vaccines-headed-for-key-vote\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/07/bill-ending-personal-belief-exemption-for-vaccines-headed-for-key-vote\" target=\"_blank\">last week \u003c/a>before the health committee. The health committee had voted 6-2 to advance the bill. Many parents said they would pull their kids out of school rather than meet a vaccine requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-24970\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>Parents in support of the bill turned out as well, including \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">Marin County father Carl Krawitt\u003c/a>, whose 7-year-old son is in remission from leukemia. The chemotherapy the boy received as treatment wiped out previous vaccine protection. He could not \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/13/parents-relieved-as-son-gets-first-post-leukemia-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/13/parents-relieved-as-son-gets-first-post-leukemia-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">commence revaccination\u003c/a> until February, when his immune system had recovered sufficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that this is sound public health policy because it keeps our kids safe,\" Krawitt testified. \"You have a duty to legislate from solid evidence, not from fear, and keep our schools safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risk of Backfire?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some supporters of vaccinations wonder if the move will backfire. Writing \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/upshot/why-californias-approach-to-tightening-vaccine-rules-could-backfire.html?referrer=&abt=0002&abg=1\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/upshot/why-californias-approach-to-tightening-vaccine-rules-could-backfire.html?referrer=&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">in the New York Times\u003c/a> about the California bill, Dartmouth government professor Brendan Nyhan referred to the \"blundering approach state legislators there have taken\" and asserted that this \"direct attack on exemptions can rally the anti-vaccine cause.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nyhan argued instead in favor of tightening exemption rules, as\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/24/beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/24/beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates/\" target=\"_blank\"> State of Health has previously described\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Requiring annual renewal of the personal belief exemption. Right now, parents need only file at kindergarten and seventh grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require notarization to file the personal belief exemption form\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For religious exemptions, require a religious leader within the organization to submit a letter on your behalf\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>But in a phone call late Wednesday afternoon, Pan, the bill's co-author, stood his ground. \"We can't bury our heads and say that nothing is happening in our communities,\" he said. \"We need to have a public debate about what it means to be safe from these deadly diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited the 2010 whooping cough epidemic in California with more than 9,000 cases. Ten infants died. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">Places with higher rates of personal belief exemption\u003c/a> were associated with more cases of whooping cough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The education committee will vote next Wednesday. If approved, it has another committee stop before it would get to the Senate floor. If it passes both those hurdles, it heads over to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201013686\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24949\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/RS6837_149948672-e1429144072713.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24949\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/RS6837_149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A bill that would eliminate the vaccine personal belief exemption stalled before the Senate Education Committee Wednesday in Sacramento. Lawmakers were deeply concerned that the bill would bar too many children from school. The bill's co-author, Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), asked the committee to delay a vote until next Wednesday after the committee chairwoman warned him he did not have enough votes to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said he will use the time to address their concerns, possibly adding amendments to the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the bill, \u003ca title=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\">SB277\u003c/a>, California would no longer permit any vaccine exemptions except a medical one, meaning virtually all children would have to be vaccinated in order to attend public or private school. Even home-schoolers who group together would be affected under the current language, one of the committee's complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While several committee members expressed their support for vaccines, they were worried that the bill goes too far. \"I'm looking for the compelling state interest in doing something (this) draconian,\" said state Sen. Loni Hancock (D-Berkeley). \"If I'm reading the bill correctly, there's nothing you can do if you choose not to vaccinate your child,\" except home-school and then only with your own children.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hancock said that she wondered if this bill was the \"best way to build community consensus\" around increasing vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Committee chair Carol Liu (D-Glendale) pointedly asked Pan, \"How do you justify the public purpose of public safety and the right for everyone to have access\" to an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would make California one of only three states -- along with West Virginia and Mississippi -- without a religious or philosophical exemption to vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" target=\"_blank\">tiny minority of California schoolchildren\u003c/a> -- about 2.5 percent of the state's kindergartners this year -- have a personal belief exemption on file. But parents who support the exemption were out in full force at the hearing, testifying in opposition to the bill, just as they had turned out \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/07/bill-ending-personal-belief-exemption-for-vaccines-headed-for-key-vote\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/07/bill-ending-personal-belief-exemption-for-vaccines-headed-for-key-vote\" target=\"_blank\">last week \u003c/a>before the health committee. The health committee had voted 6-2 to advance the bill. Many parents said they would pull their kids out of school rather than meet a vaccine requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/look-up-the-vaccine-opt-out-rate-at-your-childs-school/\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-24970\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>Parents in support of the bill turned out as well, including \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">Marin County father Carl Krawitt\u003c/a>, whose 7-year-old son is in remission from leukemia. The chemotherapy the boy received as treatment wiped out previous vaccine protection. He could not \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/13/parents-relieved-as-son-gets-first-post-leukemia-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/13/parents-relieved-as-son-gets-first-post-leukemia-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">commence revaccination\u003c/a> until February, when his immune system had recovered sufficiently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that this is sound public health policy because it keeps our kids safe,\" Krawitt testified. \"You have a duty to legislate from solid evidence, not from fear, and keep our schools safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risk of Backfire?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some supporters of vaccinations wonder if the move will backfire. Writing \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/upshot/why-californias-approach-to-tightening-vaccine-rules-could-backfire.html?referrer=&abt=0002&abg=1\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/15/upshot/why-californias-approach-to-tightening-vaccine-rules-could-backfire.html?referrer=&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">in the New York Times\u003c/a> about the California bill, Dartmouth government professor Brendan Nyhan referred to the \"blundering approach state legislators there have taken\" and asserted that this \"direct attack on exemptions can rally the anti-vaccine cause.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nyhan argued instead in favor of tightening exemption rules, as\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/24/beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/24/beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates/\" target=\"_blank\"> State of Health has previously described\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Requiring annual renewal of the personal belief exemption. Right now, parents need only file at kindergarten and seventh grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require notarization to file the personal belief exemption form\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For religious exemptions, require a religious leader within the organization to submit a letter on your behalf\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>But in a phone call late Wednesday afternoon, Pan, the bill's co-author, stood his ground. \"We can't bury our heads and say that nothing is happening in our communities,\" he said. \"We need to have a public debate about what it means to be safe from these deadly diseases.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He cited the 2010 whooping cough epidemic in California with more than 9,000 cases. Ten infants died. \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/30/vaccine-refusals-fueled-california-whooping-cough-epidemic-personal-belief-exemption/\" target=\"_blank\">Places with higher rates of personal belief exemption\u003c/a> were associated with more cases of whooping cough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The education committee will vote next Wednesday. If approved, it has another committee stop before it would get to the Senate floor. If it passes both those hurdles, it heads over to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201013686&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201013686'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By David Gorn, \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/capitol-desk/2015/4/panel-votes-to-end-vaccine-exemption\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/vaccination.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24920\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/vaccination-640x424.jpg\" alt=\"Lawmakers took step toward passage of a bill that would end the personal-belief exemption for childhood immunizations in California. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library)\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lawmakers took step toward passage of a bill that would end the personal-belief exemption for childhood immunizations in California. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library) \u003ccite>(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, lawmakers took the first step toward passage of a bill that would end the personal-belief exemption for childhood immunizations in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate Committee on Health on Wednesday voted to approve SB 277 by state Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento). It would stop California parents from opting out of immunizations for their schoolchildren unless there is a medical reason to refuse vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"There is no scientific controversy about vaccine safety and vaccine effectiveness. This is not open to dispute among mainstream doctors and scientists.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Pan, a pediatrician, said the recent outbreaks of measles and whooping cough could be prevented if a higher percentage of children were immunized against the diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've personally witnessed the suffering caused by vaccine-preventable diseases,\" Pan said. \"All children deserve to be safe at school. The personal belief exemption is now putting other schoolchildren and people in our community in danger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's hearing was at times unruly and emotional, as anti-vaccine advocates sometimes made their cases loudly and with venom. One woman was removed from the hearing room after a loud and emotional outburst, and another person threatened to put a curse on lawmakers who voted for the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no place for this [in a committee hearing],\" said committee member state Sen. Bill Monning (D-Carmel). \"I don't want to take away from the people who made their points respectfully, but there is no place for this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation was prompted, in part, by a measles outbreak that originated in California and spread to half a dozen other states, infecting 147 children. Last year, California had the largest outbreak of whooping cough in the past 70 years, with one infant death and more than 10,000 cases reported statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let me be clear,\" said Dean Blumberg, a Sacramento pediatrician representing the American Academy of Pediatrics and the California Medical Association. \"There is no scientific controversy about vaccine safety and vaccine effectiveness. This is not open to dispute among mainstream doctors and scientists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The billed passed on a 6-2 vote.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By David Gorn, \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/capitol-desk/2015/4/panel-votes-to-end-vaccine-exemption\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/vaccination.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24920\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/04/vaccination-640x424.jpg\" alt=\"Lawmakers took step toward passage of a bill that would end the personal-belief exemption for childhood immunizations in California. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library)\" width=\"640\" height=\"424\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lawmakers took step toward passage of a bill that would end the personal-belief exemption for childhood immunizations in California. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library) \u003ccite>(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Image Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, lawmakers took the first step toward passage of a bill that would end the personal-belief exemption for childhood immunizations in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate Committee on Health on Wednesday voted to approve SB 277 by state Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento). It would stop California parents from opting out of immunizations for their schoolchildren unless there is a medical reason to refuse vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"There is no scientific controversy about vaccine safety and vaccine effectiveness. This is not open to dispute among mainstream doctors and scientists.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Pan, a pediatrician, said the recent outbreaks of measles and whooping cough could be prevented if a higher percentage of children were immunized against the diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've personally witnessed the suffering caused by vaccine-preventable diseases,\" Pan said. \"All children deserve to be safe at school. The personal belief exemption is now putting other schoolchildren and people in our community in danger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's hearing was at times unruly and emotional, as anti-vaccine advocates sometimes made their cases loudly and with venom. One woman was removed from the hearing room after a loud and emotional outburst, and another person threatened to put a curse on lawmakers who voted for the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no place for this [in a committee hearing],\" said committee member state Sen. Bill Monning (D-Carmel). \"I don't want to take away from the people who made their points respectfully, but there is no place for this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation was prompted, in part, by a measles outbreak that originated in California and spread to half a dozen other states, infecting 147 children. Last year, California had the largest outbreak of whooping cough in the past 70 years, with one infant death and more than 10,000 cases reported statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let me be clear,\" said Dean Blumberg, a Sacramento pediatrician representing the American Academy of Pediatrics and the California Medical Association. \"There is no scientific controversy about vaccine safety and vaccine effectiveness. This is not open to dispute among mainstream doctors and scientists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The billed passed on a 6-2 vote.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "When A Court Ordered Kids Vaccinated -- Against Parents' Will",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23949\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000057849064_Large-e1424368592567.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23949\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000057849064_Large-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 14px\">By Anders Kelto,\u003c/strong> \u003ca style=\"font-size: 14px\" title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/19/386040745/why-a-court-once-ordered-kids-vaccinated-against-their-parents-will\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/19/386040745/why-a-court-once-ordered-kids-vaccinated-against-their-parents-will\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A highly contagious disease was sweeping across the United States. Thousands of children were sick and some were dying. In the midst of this outbreak, health officials did something that experts say had never been done before and hasn't been done since. They forced parents to vaccinate their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The church ran a school with about a thousand kids. None had been vaccinated. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It sounds like something that would have happened a hundred years ago. But this was 1991 — and the disease was measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Ross was deputy health commissioner of the hardest-hit city, Philadelphia, where the outbreak was centered around the Faith Tabernacle Congregation in the northern part of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This church community did not believe in either immunizations or medical care,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.calendow.org/about/Leadership/R_Ross_Bio.aspx\">Ross\u003c/a>. Today, he heads The California Endowment, a private health foundation, based in Los Angeles.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The church ran a school with about a thousand kids. Ross says that none had been vaccinated. One day, his office got a phone call from a grandparent, saying that a lot of children at the school were sick. They had developed rashes from head to toe and fevers — telltale signs of measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross and his colleagues approached the church and pleaded with the pastor to allow health officials to examine and immunize the children. But the pastor refused. So Ross and his colleagues went door to door, to church members' homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that most of the parents were pleasant and cooperative, and allowed health officials to enter their homes. Many of the children they saw had measles. Ross says the majority were doing fine, but some were very sick, including an 8-year-old girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[She] was lying on the couch in front of the television, ashen and pale, and with a very rapid respiratory rate. I felt that she may die within hours if we didn't get her to treatment,\" Ross says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went to the family's living room to call a judge, who was on call and ready to issue a court order, requiring any gravely ill children to be taken to a hospital. But as Ross held the phone, the girl's grandmother grabbed his arm and tried to prevent him from dialing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She began lecturing me about believing in the power of the Lord,\" Ross says. \"It was a viscerally disturbing episode that left me quite shaken.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross eventually reached the judge, and the girl was taken to a local hospital. She survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But across the city, hundreds more were sick. So Ross and his colleagues did something unprecedented: They got a court order to force parents at Faith Tabernacle to have their children vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross says it was the right thing to do, because it was in the best interest of the children. But it was deeply traumatizing to the parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I recall we lined the children up and gave the immunizations, and many of the parents were actually weeping,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court order had taken a few weeks. By the time \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1991-03-09/news/mn-2208_1_court-order\" target=\"_blank\">the vaccines were administered\u003c/a>, the measles outbreak was subsiding in Philadelphia. Only nine children from the church were ultimately vaccinated, and Ross says the intervention probably didn't affect the spread of the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, nine kids across Philadelphia died, including six from Faith Tabernacle. The church is still operating the school today but declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts say it's rather surprising that the parents were forced to have their children vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a law that protected these church members' right to refuse vaccination on religious ground,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.chop.edu/doctors/offit-paul-a\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Paul Offit\u003c/a>, director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled years earlier that parents can't deny life-saving medical treatments to their children for religious reasons. That ruling set a precedent that made it difficult for Faith Tabernacle to find legal representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even the American Civil Liberties Union, which was perfectly willing to represent an unpopular cause, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.philly.com/1991-03-02/news/25790822_1_first-century-gospel-church-faith-tabernacle-congregation-court-ordered-measles-vaccinations\" target=\"_blank\">declined to take the case\u003c/a>, because they felt that it was not [the parents'] right to martyr their children to their beliefs,\" Offit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the question now is this: If there were a similar outbreak today, could the courts force parents to vaccinate their children?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offit says it's possible. \"Were things ever to get as bad, even approaching as bad as things were in Philadelphia in 1991, yes, there are certainly legal remedies to make sure that we can compel parents to protect their children,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross, who led the fight against measles in Philadelphia, says health officials must go to great lengths to educate parents about the importance of vaccines. He believes courts should only intervene when parents are clearly putting their children's lives at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It should be 'break glass in case of emergency,'\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23949\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000057849064_Large-e1424368592567.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23949\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000057849064_Large-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 14px\">By Anders Kelto,\u003c/strong> \u003ca style=\"font-size: 14px\" title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/19/386040745/why-a-court-once-ordered-kids-vaccinated-against-their-parents-will\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/19/386040745/why-a-court-once-ordered-kids-vaccinated-against-their-parents-will\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A highly contagious disease was sweeping across the United States. Thousands of children were sick and some were dying. In the midst of this outbreak, health officials did something that experts say had never been done before and hasn't been done since. They forced parents to vaccinate their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The church ran a school with about a thousand kids. None had been vaccinated. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It sounds like something that would have happened a hundred years ago. But this was 1991 — and the disease was measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Robert Ross was deputy health commissioner of the hardest-hit city, Philadelphia, where the outbreak was centered around the Faith Tabernacle Congregation in the northern part of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This church community did not believe in either immunizations or medical care,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.calendow.org/about/Leadership/R_Ross_Bio.aspx\">Ross\u003c/a>. Today, he heads The California Endowment, a private health foundation, based in Los Angeles.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The church ran a school with about a thousand kids. Ross says that none had been vaccinated. One day, his office got a phone call from a grandparent, saying that a lot of children at the school were sick. They had developed rashes from head to toe and fevers — telltale signs of measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross and his colleagues approached the church and pleaded with the pastor to allow health officials to examine and immunize the children. But the pastor refused. So Ross and his colleagues went door to door, to church members' homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that most of the parents were pleasant and cooperative, and allowed health officials to enter their homes. Many of the children they saw had measles. Ross says the majority were doing fine, but some were very sick, including an 8-year-old girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[She] was lying on the couch in front of the television, ashen and pale, and with a very rapid respiratory rate. I felt that she may die within hours if we didn't get her to treatment,\" Ross says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went to the family's living room to call a judge, who was on call and ready to issue a court order, requiring any gravely ill children to be taken to a hospital. But as Ross held the phone, the girl's grandmother grabbed his arm and tried to prevent him from dialing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She began lecturing me about believing in the power of the Lord,\" Ross says. \"It was a viscerally disturbing episode that left me quite shaken.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross eventually reached the judge, and the girl was taken to a local hospital. She survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But across the city, hundreds more were sick. So Ross and his colleagues did something unprecedented: They got a court order to force parents at Faith Tabernacle to have their children vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross says it was the right thing to do, because it was in the best interest of the children. But it was deeply traumatizing to the parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I recall we lined the children up and gave the immunizations, and many of the parents were actually weeping,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court order had taken a few weeks. By the time \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1991-03-09/news/mn-2208_1_court-order\" target=\"_blank\">the vaccines were administered\u003c/a>, the measles outbreak was subsiding in Philadelphia. Only nine children from the church were ultimately vaccinated, and Ross says the intervention probably didn't affect the spread of the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, nine kids across Philadelphia died, including six from Faith Tabernacle. The church is still operating the school today but declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts say it's rather surprising that the parents were forced to have their children vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a law that protected these church members' right to refuse vaccination on religious ground,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.chop.edu/doctors/offit-paul-a\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Paul Offit\u003c/a>, director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the U.S. Supreme Court had ruled years earlier that parents can't deny life-saving medical treatments to their children for religious reasons. That ruling set a precedent that made it difficult for Faith Tabernacle to find legal representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even the American Civil Liberties Union, which was perfectly willing to represent an unpopular cause, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.philly.com/1991-03-02/news/25790822_1_first-century-gospel-church-faith-tabernacle-congregation-court-ordered-measles-vaccinations\" target=\"_blank\">declined to take the case\u003c/a>, because they felt that it was not [the parents'] right to martyr their children to their beliefs,\" Offit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the question now is this: If there were a similar outbreak today, could the courts force parents to vaccinate their children?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offit says it's possible. \"Were things ever to get as bad, even approaching as bad as things were in Philadelphia in 1991, yes, there are certainly legal remedies to make sure that we can compel parents to protect their children,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross, who led the fight against measles in Philadelphia, says health officials must go to great lengths to educate parents about the importance of vaccines. He believes courts should only intervene when parents are clearly putting their children's lives at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It should be 'break glass in case of emergency,'\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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"order": 19
},
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}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"californiareport": {
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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}
},
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
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