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Prior to joining KQED Science, Sarah worked in a brand new role as Digital Marketing Strategist at WPSU Penn State.","avatar":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twitter":"sarahkmohamad","facebook":null,"instagram":null,"linkedin":null,"sites":[{"site":"arts","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"news","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"about","roles":["editor"]},{"site":"science","roles":["editor"]}],"headData":{"title":"Sarah Mohamad | KQED","description":"Engagement Producer and Reporter, KQED Science","ogImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g","twImgSrc":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/085f65bb82616965f87e3d12f8550931?s=600&d=blank&r=g"},"isLoading":false,"link":"/author/smohamad"},"msandoval":{"type":"authors","id":"11744","meta":{"index":"authors_1591205172","id":"11744","found":true},"name":"Marissa Sandoval","firstName":"Marissa","lastName":"Sandoval","slug":"msandoval","email":"msandoval@KQED.org","display_author_email":false,"staff_mastheads":[],"title":"KQED Contributor","bio":"Marissa Sandoval is an intern with KQED's Deep Look series. 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FM","link":"/"}},"science_1985496":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1985496","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1985496","score":null,"sort":[1703793351000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"best-bay-area-hikes-wildlife-near-me","title":"The Best Bay Area Hikes for Spotting Wildlife","publishDate":1703793351,"format":"standard","headTitle":"The Best Bay Area Hikes for Spotting Wildlife | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">coyotes\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985049/how-to-see-monarch-butterflies-are-visiting-california\">monarch butterflies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/11762/river-otters-are-thriving-all-over-the-bay-area#:~:text=River%20otters%20have%20proven%20themselves,the%20continued%20otter%20population%20growth.\">river otters\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/27260/banana-slugs-secret-of-the-slime\">banana slugs\u003c/a>, the Bay Area — and California more widely — offers an incredible array of wildlife and biodiversity on our front doorstep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you have loved ones visiting for the holiday season, it’s a great time to get outdoors on a hike to see the many species of slimy, furry, majestic animals California has to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessanfrancisco\">Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikeseastbay\">Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikesnorthbay\">Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessouthbay\">Wildlife hikes in South Bay and the Peninsula\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>California is home to over 30,000 species of plants and animals — and over half of them are in the Bay Area alone. The state is a hotspot for biodiversity thanks to its Mediterranean climate, our huge degree of latitudes and the wide range of habitats for plants and animals. With our soaring mountains and low-valley deserts, we also have the greatest range of elevation of any state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985513\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banana slug eats from the soil in the Big Basin area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. \u003ccite>(Melina Mara/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those latitudinal gradients also create all these different climates for different plants and animals to live in as well,” said Alison Young, co-director of the Center for Biodiversity and Community Science at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has many different ecosystems, from oak woodlands to shrubby chaparral, grasslands and redwood forests, said Julie Andersen, senior wildlife biologist at Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District. Each area hosts unique animal species, from acorn woodpeckers to kangaroo rats, burrowing owls, banana slugs and migratory birds. We are also located along the \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/pacific-flyway\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>, a major flight path for migratory birds in the Americas, extending from Alaska to Patagonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Learning how to coexist with nature, providing pathways for wildlife, and being respectful will hopefully allow our amazing wildlife species to continue to thrive,” Andersen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else would you like to read a guide to from KQED?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>All this means that we’re spoiled for choice in the Bay Area and beyond for hikes that offer the chance to see a wide range of wildlife. And as for where the experts themselves favor, Young, a marine biologist, said she especially loves exploring the different tide pools in the Bay Area. Nudibranchs, seastars, and anemones are some of her favorite finds when out tide pooling, like those at \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Points and Mavericks Cliffs Trail\u003c/a>. (Mark your calendars for the best times during the day to enjoy tide pools around the holidays, according to Young: The weekend after Thanksgiving, on Christmas Eve, Christmas Day and the day after Christmas.)[aside postID='science_1985049,news_11910495,news_11953794' label='Related coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I talk to people about tide pooling, everyone’s always like, “Oh, like it’s great, but you just have to wake up so early in the morning. I just can’t do it.” But this time of year in the winter, our low tides are actually in the afternoon,” Young said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For an optimal tide-pooling experience, Young advises people to look for low tides between -1.0 feet and -1.4 feet on tide charts like \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltwatertides.com/\">Saltwater Tides\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html\">NOAA Tide Predictions\u003c/a>. She also advises folks to wear rubber boots or shoes with good tread to avoid slipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Otstott, a graduate student at San Francisco State University, searches for nudibranchs in the tidepools at Pillar Point, just north of Half Moon Bay, California, as part of her work for the California Academy of Sciences. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for a list of some favorite Bay Area trails from the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/HZzRC0R94PIrAv8rCwOQ7m?domain=url.avanan.click\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and KQED staff that showcase our magnificent biodiversity. Be sure to \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">download the iNaturalist app\u003c/a>, log your sightings, and have a great time admiring our wonderful wildlife. \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&usp=sharing\">You can also consult our map of the best wildlife hikes around the Bay Area:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&ehbc=2E312F&ll=37.82111339029839%2C-122.2362494962034&z=9\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessanfrancisco\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/gallery/red-tailed-hawk\">See the red-tailed hawk in the Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>While you’re in the area, don’t forget to pay a visit to the \u003ca href=\"https://sfrecpark.org/facilities/facility/details/Bison-Paddock-224\">bison paddock at Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/wildparrots/\">See some wild parrots on Telegraph Hill\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don’t forget about the sea lions on \u003ca href=\"https://www.pier39.com/sealions/\">Pier 39 in Embarcadero\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See swans and turtles at the \u003ca href=\"https://palaceoffinearts.com/\">Palace of Fine Arts\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re on \u003ca href=\"https://goldengateaudubon.org/conservation/snowy-plovers/snowy-plovers-in-san-francisco/\">Ocean Beach\u003c/a>, be on the lookout for Snowy Plovers (and if you’ve got a pole and snare, Dungeness Crab!)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There are a few places in San Francisco where you might be able to see coyotes, such as Glen Canyon Park, Presidio, McLaren Park and Golden Gate Park. However, be warned that the number of conflicts between coyotes and people with dogs has been on the rise. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">Here’s a guide about how to keep yourself and your pets safe with coyotes around\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985509\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"bison-golden-gate-park\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco has been replenishing the bison herd in Golden Gate Park since the late 1800s. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikesnorthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head on over to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/tule_elk.htm\">Point Reyes National Seashore in Marin\u003c/a> to see tule elk, a native to California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=450\">Armstrong Redwoods in Sonoma\u003c/a> is a great spot to see some banana slugs, especially after the rain.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>One recommended spot to see spawning salmon is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/wildlife_viewing_cohosalmon.htm\">Leo T. Cronin Fish Viewing Area\u003c/a> in Marin. The best time to see them is from early October to late December.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm\">Muir Woods National Monument\u003c/a>, be sure to look around for banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See river otters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/lodging/spring-lake-regional-park\">Spring Lake Regional Park in Sonoma\u003c/a>. Take part in the \u003ca href=\"https://riverotterecology.org/otter-spotter-community-based-science/\">Otter Spotter\u003c/a>, a community science program designed to collect, map and save otter sightings.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Looking to do some kayaking to see some bioluminescent plankton? Book a tour in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/otherlifeforms.htm\">Tomales Bay\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983841/glittering-tides-where-to-spot-bioluminescence-in-the-bay-area\">read our KQED guide to spotting bioluminescence\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The annual gray whale migration blows through Sonoma County from January to May, with good opportunities for whale spotting\u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/articles/whale-watching-along-sonoma-coast\"> all along the Sonoma Coast\u003c/a>, like at Salt Point State Park. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953794/where-can-i-see-whales-around-the-bay-area\">Read KQED’s guide to seeing whales around the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a> in the southernmost part of Point Reyes in Marin is a great spot for tide pooling.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985512\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-768x518.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North American river otter (Lontra canadensis). \u003ccite>(C. Dani and I. Jeske / De Agostini Picture Library via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikeseastbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/tilden\">Tilden Regional Park\u003c/a>, Berkeley, to see banana slugs, newts, and salamanders. Take note that some roads in the park are closed to make way for newt crossings during newt migration season from November until March.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/reinhardt-redwood\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park\u003c/a> is also another great place to see banana slugs and salamanders, especially during or after the rain. “I think visiting the redwoods when it’s raining is one of the most magical things you can do,” Young said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Not a trail, but a great spot to see the fastest bird in the world, the Peregrine Falcon. The falcons have called the \u003ca href=\"https://visit.berkeley.edu/campus-attractions/campanile\">Historic Campanile\u003c/a> on the UC Berkeley Campus their home since 2016. \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/\">See them live via their webcams\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You might also be able to see more Peregrine Falcons in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/castle-rock\">Castle Rock Regional Recreation Area\u003c/a>, Contra Costa.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re looking for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984392/its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends\">tarantulas during their mating season\u003c/a> (peaks in mid-October),\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/sunol\"> Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/mountdiablo/\">Mount Diablo\u003c/a> are great places to see them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To see some turkeys in the area, you can head on over to the Strawberry Creek fire trail in \u003ca href=\"https://recwell.berkeley.edu/self-guided-adventures-strawberry-canyon/\">Strawberry Canyon\u003c/a> in Berkeley.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can see rabbits, lizards, snowy egrets, scaup and many other birds at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/martin-luther-king\">Martin Luther King Shoreline Park\u003c/a> in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bat rays and night herons at \u003ca href=\"https://www.lakemerritt.org/\">Lake Merrit\u003c/a> are animals you can look out for in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During the winter, western monarch butterflies make their way to a number of overwintering sites in the Bay Area. You can also see them at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/ardenwood\">Ardenwood Historic Farm,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/aquatic-park\">Berkeley Aquatic Park\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.albanyca.org/Home/Components/FacilityDirectory/FacilityDirectory/56/1670\">Albany Hill Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984337\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of tall redwood trees seen towering above.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park is a sprawling forest featuring redwood groves and rare wildlife, as well as trails, picnic areas and campsites. \u003ccite>(John Hudson Photography/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessouthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in South Bay and on the Peninsula\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=27619\">Franklin Point Trail\u003c/a> in San Mateo leads to dunes and magnificent empty beaches. Once on the lookout, you might be able to get quite close to elephant seals. There’s also a chance to see whales, dolphins, and seabirds around.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During a low tide, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> in San Mateo is a great place to enjoy the tide pools. You can see sea creatures like nudibranchs and sea stars.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://openspacetrust.org/hike/mindego-hill/\">Mindego Hill trail in the Russian Ridge Open Space Preserve\u003c/a> is a favorite location for bobcats and rabbits. If this strenuous hike is not for you, another recommendation is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/california/ancient-oaks\">Ancient Oaks trail\u003c/a> — a great place to see woodland birds.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 3627px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3627\" height=\"2258\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg 3627w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-400x249.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-800x498.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1440x896.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1180x735.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-960x598.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3627px) 100vw, 3627px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A northern elephant seal along the California coast. Elephant seals come out of the water to molt between May and July and to breed between December and April. \u003ccite>(Frank Schulenburg/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Beyond the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You can see western monarchs overwintering at the Monarch Butterfly Grove in \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach in Santa Cruz\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=666\">Forest of Nisene Marks State Park\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz, just south of the Peninsula, is a great hiking area, and you’re bound to see a banana slug or two on your hikes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/henrycowell/\">Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park\u003c/a> in Felton has some great trails to see banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See California condors and rare bats at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pinn/\">Pinnacles National Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Enjoy a coastal hike and see some cool tide pools at \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Point and Mavericks Cliff trail\u003c/a> in Half Moon Bay.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See migrating Sandhill Cranes near \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Regions/3/Crane-Tour\">Lodi in the California Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983212\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1983212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A monarch butterfly rests on a plant outside.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A monarch butterfly lands on a plant growing in the schoolyard at International Community School in Oakland on Oct. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else would you like an explainer on from KQED?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2023. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger, and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"10483\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on November 24.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If you’re looking for holiday hikes near you in the Bay Area, we’ve rounded up our recommendations for the best ones that offer the chance to spot some of our region’s incredible wildlife.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845787,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":true,"iframeSrcs":["https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed"],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":true,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":18,"wordCount":1798},"headData":{"title":"The Best Bay Area Hikes for Spotting Wildlife | KQED","description":"If you’re looking for holiday hikes near you in the Bay Area, we’ve rounded up our recommendations for the best ones that offer the chance to spot some of our region’s incredible wildlife.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1985496/best-bay-area-hikes-wildlife-near-me","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">coyotes\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1985049/how-to-see-monarch-butterflies-are-visiting-california\">monarch butterflies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/11762/river-otters-are-thriving-all-over-the-bay-area#:~:text=River%20otters%20have%20proven%20themselves,the%20continued%20otter%20population%20growth.\">river otters\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/27260/banana-slugs-secret-of-the-slime\">banana slugs\u003c/a>, the Bay Area — and California more widely — offers an incredible array of wildlife and biodiversity on our front doorstep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you have loved ones visiting for the holiday season, it’s a great time to get outdoors on a hike to see the many species of slimy, furry, majestic animals California has to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessanfrancisco\">Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikeseastbay\">Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikesnorthbay\">Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#besthikessouthbay\">Wildlife hikes in South Bay and the Peninsula\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>California is home to over 30,000 species of plants and animals — and over half of them are in the Bay Area alone. The state is a hotspot for biodiversity thanks to its Mediterranean climate, our huge degree of latitudes and the wide range of habitats for plants and animals. With our soaring mountains and low-valley deserts, we also have the greatest range of elevation of any state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985513\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985513\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1252553761-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banana slug eats from the soil in the Big Basin area of the Santa Cruz Mountains. \u003ccite>(Melina Mara/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Those latitudinal gradients also create all these different climates for different plants and animals to live in as well,” said Alison Young, co-director of the Center for Biodiversity and Community Science at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area has many different ecosystems, from oak woodlands to shrubby chaparral, grasslands and redwood forests, said Julie Andersen, senior wildlife biologist at Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District. Each area hosts unique animal species, from acorn woodpeckers to kangaroo rats, burrowing owls, banana slugs and migratory birds. We are also located along the \u003ca href=\"https://www.audubon.org/pacific-flyway\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>, a major flight path for migratory birds in the Americas, extending from Alaska to Patagonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Learning how to coexist with nature, providing pathways for wildlife, and being respectful will hopefully allow our amazing wildlife species to continue to thrive,” Andersen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else would you like to read a guide to from KQED?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>All this means that we’re spoiled for choice in the Bay Area and beyond for hikes that offer the chance to see a wide range of wildlife. And as for where the experts themselves favor, Young, a marine biologist, said she especially loves exploring the different tide pools in the Bay Area. Nudibranchs, seastars, and anemones are some of her favorite finds when out tide pooling, like those at \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Points and Mavericks Cliffs Trail\u003c/a>. (Mark your calendars for the best times during the day to enjoy tide pools around the holidays, according to Young: The weekend after Thanksgiving, on Christmas Eve, Christmas Day and the day after Christmas.)\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"postid":"science_1985049,news_11910495,news_11953794","label":"Related coverage "},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I talk to people about tide pooling, everyone’s always like, “Oh, like it’s great, but you just have to wake up so early in the morning. I just can’t do it.” But this time of year in the winter, our low tides are actually in the afternoon,” Young said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For an optimal tide-pooling experience, Young advises people to look for low tides between -1.0 feet and -1.4 feet on tide charts like \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltwatertides.com/\">Saltwater Tides\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html\">NOAA Tide Predictions\u003c/a>. She also advises folks to wear rubber boots or shoes with good tread to avoid slipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930228\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1930228\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/Emily-at-Pillar-ooint-2-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Otstott, a graduate student at San Francisco State University, searches for nudibranchs in the tidepools at Pillar Point, just north of Half Moon Bay, California, as part of her work for the California Academy of Sciences. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for a list of some favorite Bay Area trails from the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/HZzRC0R94PIrAv8rCwOQ7m?domain=url.avanan.click\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and KQED staff that showcase our magnificent biodiversity. Be sure to \u003ca href=\"https://www.inaturalist.org/\">download the iNaturalist app\u003c/a>, log your sightings, and have a great time admiring our wonderful wildlife. \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&usp=sharing\">You can also consult our map of the best wildlife hikes around the Bay Area:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/embed?mid=1AD26VqjvhrvZt9EGcWGf_ol-0j-dj5s&ehbc=2E312F&ll=37.82111339029839%2C-122.2362494962034&z=9\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessanfrancisco\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in San Francisco\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parksconservancy.org/gallery/red-tailed-hawk\">See the red-tailed hawk in the Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>While you’re in the area, don’t forget to pay a visit to the \u003ca href=\"https://sfrecpark.org/facilities/facility/details/Bison-Paddock-224\">bison paddock at Golden Gate Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/documentaries/wildparrots/\">See some wild parrots on Telegraph Hill\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don’t forget about the sea lions on \u003ca href=\"https://www.pier39.com/sealions/\">Pier 39 in Embarcadero\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See swans and turtles at the \u003ca href=\"https://palaceoffinearts.com/\">Palace of Fine Arts\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re on \u003ca href=\"https://goldengateaudubon.org/conservation/snowy-plovers/snowy-plovers-in-san-francisco/\">Ocean Beach\u003c/a>, be on the lookout for Snowy Plovers (and if you’ve got a pole and snare, Dungeness Crab!)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There are a few places in San Francisco where you might be able to see coyotes, such as Glen Canyon Park, Presidio, McLaren Park and Golden Gate Park. However, be warned that the number of conflicts between coyotes and people with dogs has been on the rise. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984932/how-can-i-protect-my-dog-from-san-francisco-coyotes\">Here’s a guide about how to keep yourself and your pets safe with coyotes around\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985509\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"bison-golden-gate-park\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/Bison_1-qut-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco has been replenishing the bison herd in Golden Gate Park since the late 1800s. \u003ccite>(Erasmo Martinez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikesnorthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in North Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head on over to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/tule_elk.htm\">Point Reyes National Seashore in Marin\u003c/a> to see tule elk, a native to California.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=450\">Armstrong Redwoods in Sonoma\u003c/a> is a great spot to see some banana slugs, especially after the rain.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>One recommended spot to see spawning salmon is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/planyourvisit/wildlife_viewing_cohosalmon.htm\">Leo T. Cronin Fish Viewing Area\u003c/a> in Marin. The best time to see them is from early October to late December.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/muwo/index.htm\">Muir Woods National Monument\u003c/a>, be sure to look around for banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See river otters at \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/lodging/spring-lake-regional-park\">Spring Lake Regional Park in Sonoma\u003c/a>. Take part in the \u003ca href=\"https://riverotterecology.org/otter-spotter-community-based-science/\">Otter Spotter\u003c/a>, a community science program designed to collect, map and save otter sightings.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Looking to do some kayaking to see some bioluminescent plankton? Book a tour in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pore/learn/nature/otherlifeforms.htm\">Tomales Bay\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1983841/glittering-tides-where-to-spot-bioluminescence-in-the-bay-area\">read our KQED guide to spotting bioluminescence\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The annual gray whale migration blows through Sonoma County from January to May, with good opportunities for whale spotting\u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomacounty.com/articles/whale-watching-along-sonoma-coast\"> all along the Sonoma Coast\u003c/a>, like at Salt Point State Park. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11953794/where-can-i-see-whales-around-the-bay-area\">Read KQED’s guide to seeing whales around the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Conservation/Marine/MPAs/Duxbury-Reef\">Duxbury Reef\u003c/a> in the southernmost part of Point Reyes in Marin is a great spot for tide pooling.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1985512\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1985512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1294\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-800x539.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-768x518.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/11/GettyImages-1156639917-qut-1536x1035.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">North American river otter (Lontra canadensis). \u003ccite>(C. Dani and I. Jeske / De Agostini Picture Library via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikeseastbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in East Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Head to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/tilden\">Tilden Regional Park\u003c/a>, Berkeley, to see banana slugs, newts, and salamanders. Take note that some roads in the park are closed to make way for newt crossings during newt migration season from November until March.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/reinhardt-redwood\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park\u003c/a> is also another great place to see banana slugs and salamanders, especially during or after the rain. “I think visiting the redwoods when it’s raining is one of the most magical things you can do,” Young said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Not a trail, but a great spot to see the fastest bird in the world, the Peregrine Falcon. The falcons have called the \u003ca href=\"https://visit.berkeley.edu/campus-attractions/campanile\">Historic Campanile\u003c/a> on the UC Berkeley Campus their home since 2016. \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/\">See them live via their webcams\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You might also be able to see more Peregrine Falcons in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/castle-rock\">Castle Rock Regional Recreation Area\u003c/a>, Contra Costa.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re looking for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984392/its-tarantula-mating-season-in-the-bay-area-heres-where-to-see-some-fuzzy-friends\">tarantulas during their mating season\u003c/a> (peaks in mid-October),\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/sunol\"> Sunol Regional Wilderness\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/mountdiablo/\">Mount Diablo\u003c/a> are great places to see them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To see some turkeys in the area, you can head on over to the Strawberry Creek fire trail in \u003ca href=\"https://recwell.berkeley.edu/self-guided-adventures-strawberry-canyon/\">Strawberry Canyon\u003c/a> in Berkeley.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can see rabbits, lizards, snowy egrets, scaup and many other birds at \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/martin-luther-king\">Martin Luther King Shoreline Park\u003c/a> in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Bat rays and night herons at \u003ca href=\"https://www.lakemerritt.org/\">Lake Merrit\u003c/a> are animals you can look out for in Oakland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During the winter, western monarch butterflies make their way to a number of overwintering sites in the Bay Area. You can also see them at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/ardenwood\">Ardenwood Historic Farm,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/community-recreation/parks-recreation/parks/aquatic-park\">Berkeley Aquatic Park\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.albanyca.org/Home/Components/FacilityDirectory/FacilityDirectory/56/1670\">Albany Hill Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1984337\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1984337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A view of tall redwood trees seen towering above.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/09/GettyImages-1343594336-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park is a sprawling forest featuring redwood groves and rare wildlife, as well as trails, picnic areas and campsites. \u003ccite>(John Hudson Photography/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"besthikessouthbay\">\u003c/a>Wildlife hikes in South Bay and on the Peninsula\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=27619\">Franklin Point Trail\u003c/a> in San Mateo leads to dunes and magnificent empty beaches. Once on the lookout, you might be able to get quite close to elephant seals. There’s also a chance to see whales, dolphins, and seabirds around.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>During a low tide, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/parks/fitzgerald-marine-reserve\">Fitzgerald Marine Reserve\u003c/a> in San Mateo is a great place to enjoy the tide pools. You can see sea creatures like nudibranchs and sea stars.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://openspacetrust.org/hike/mindego-hill/\">Mindego Hill trail in the Russian Ridge Open Space Preserve\u003c/a> is a favorite location for bobcats and rabbits. If this strenuous hike is not for you, another recommendation is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.alltrails.com/trail/us/california/ancient-oaks\">Ancient Oaks trail\u003c/a> — a great place to see woodland birds.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_77890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 3627px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-77890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3627\" height=\"2258\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o.jpg 3627w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-400x249.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-800x498.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1440x896.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-1180x735.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/06/8443220498_1708484588_o-960x598.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3627px) 100vw, 3627px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A northern elephant seal along the California coast. Elephant seals come out of the water to molt between May and July and to breed between December and April. \u003ccite>(Frank Schulenburg/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Beyond the Bay Area\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You can see western monarchs overwintering at the Monarch Butterfly Grove in \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach in Santa Cruz\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=666\">Forest of Nisene Marks State Park\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz, just south of the Peninsula, is a great hiking area, and you’re bound to see a banana slug or two on your hikes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/henrycowell/\">Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park\u003c/a> in Felton has some great trails to see banana slugs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See California condors and rare bats at \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/pinn/\">Pinnacles National Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Enjoy a coastal hike and see some cool tide pools at \u003ca href=\"https://www.treesandtents.com/trailguide/pillar-point-loop-easy-coastal-walk-near-half-moon-bay/#:~:text=When%20the%20weather%20is%20stormy,the%20famous%20Mavericks%20surf%20break.\">Pillar Point and Mavericks Cliff trail\u003c/a> in Half Moon Bay.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See migrating Sandhill Cranes near \u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/Regions/3/Crane-Tour\">Lodi in the California Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1983212\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1983212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A monarch butterfly rests on a plant outside.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2023/06/RS59528_025_KQEDScience_IntCommunitySchoolOakland_10202022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A monarch butterfly lands on a plant growing in the schoolyard at International Community School in Oakland on Oct. 20, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else would you like an explainer on from KQED?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2023. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger, and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"hearken","attributes":{"named":{"id":"10483","src":"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js","label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on November 24.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1985496/best-bay-area-hikes-wildlife-near-me","authors":["11631"],"categories":["science_2874","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_119","science_2265","science_1120","science_4992","science_454","science_261","science_192","science_4417","science_254","science_2549","science_2053","science_179","science_4729","science_804"],"featImg":"science_1985498","label":"science"},"science_1984850":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1984850","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1984850","score":null,"sort":[1698159640000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"varroa-mites-are-a-honeybees-8-legged-nightmare","title":"Varroa Mites Are a Honeybee’s 8-Legged Nightmare","publishDate":1698159640,"format":"video","headTitle":"Varroa Mites Are a Honeybee’s 8-Legged Nightmare | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Every year, up to half the honeybee colonies in the U.S. die. Varroa mites, the bees’ ghastly parasites, are one of the main culprits. After hitching a ride into a hive, a mite mom hides in a honeycomb cell, where she and her offspring feed on a growing bee. But beekeepers and scientists are helping honeybees fight back.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Here’s a go-to recipe for beekeepers. It’s called a “sugar shake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a half-cup of bees. That’s about 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put them in a jar and cover them with a mesh lid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add two tablespoons confectioners’ sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shake for 30 seconds. We’re going for a nice, even coat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Empty the sugar onto a tray. And there you have it: frosted varroa mites, aka \u003cem>Varroa destructor\u003c/em>. They’re a honeybee’s worst enemy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fine-powdered sugar made them lose the grip they had on their hosts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A minute ago, the mites were on the bees in the hive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s as if you were carrying around a tick the size of a dinner plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, up to half the managed honeybee hives in the United States die from hazards like pesticide exposure, lack of flowers to forage on year-round, and varroa mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To feed, a varroa mite nestles between the bees’ protective plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It digs in with its gnarly mouth, the gnathosoma. The mite sinks it into a crucial organ called the fat body. It’s a layer of tissue that lines the abdomen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003cbr>\nElina L. Niño, associate professor of cooperative extension in apiculture at UC Davis, has answered \u003ca href=\"https://elninobeelab.sf.ucdavis.edu/resources-community\">common questions about honeybees\u003c/a> from beekeepers, homeowners and gardeners, including where to send pests to be identified. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 2019 paper by Samuel Ramsey and colleagues details how they discovered that \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1818371116\">varroa mites feed on the fat body of honeybees\u003c/a>. For a long time, it was thought that the mites fed on honeybees’ blood, known as hemolymph.\u003cbr>\n[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sort of like the human liver, the fat body helps the bee break down harmful stuff, including pesticides. And it maintains the bee’s immune system. So, when varroa mites attack the fat body, they seriously weaken the bee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mites can also transmit a virus that causes a bee to be born with deformed wings, no good for flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s go back to the “sugar shake.” Beekeepers use them to monitor the varroa mites in their hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As few as three mites per half-cup of bees could kill a hive within the year. That’s because varroa mites are great at sneaking into hives, hiding, and reproducing like mad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first mite gets into a hive by hitching a ride on a bee from another colony. Maybe the bee’s own colony wasn’t doing well and it was looking for a new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite sniffs around for a bee larva and sneaks in right before the bees cover the cell with wax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defenseless larva is now trapped with its enemy, which begins to feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the larva grows into a pupa, the mite, called a foundress, starts her family. Take a look underneath this bee pupa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite’s firstborn is always a son. The rest are daughters. They’re hard to tell apart when they’re young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the siblings come of age inside the cell, they’ll meet up on this pile of mite poop – maybe they’re guided by the scent. And they’ll mate … with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes two foundresses make it into a cell. Then their offspring get to mate with someone they’re not related to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mites live off the bee pupa, but they don’t kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the bee is all grown up, it chews its way out of the cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite slips onto its next victim. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, why don’t the bees just pick those mites off themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, we didn’t start seeing varroa mites in the U.S. until the 1980s. They evolved on eastern honeybees, in Asia. That’s why the western honeybees in the Americas and Europe aren’t yet good at defending against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When beekeepers find mites in a sugar shake, they treat a hive with pesticide strips that kill the mites. But mites are becoming resistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, researchers are selectively breeding honeybees to fight back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture and private companies are breeding bees that can sniff out varroa mites. When the bees find some, they uncap the cells and interrupt reproduction. The bees then, um, “recycle” the unlucky pupa. Yep, they’re eating it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Purdue and Central State universities, scientists breed honeybees known as “mite-biters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After collecting sperm from a male bee, they inseminate a queen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the queen and the male come from colonies that are particularly good at killing mites by chewing off their legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a grisly end for these tormentors and – just maybe – a fair shake for the honeybees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hey sugar, what’s shakin’? We’ve got more bee stories for you. Bindweed turret bees fill their underground nests with pollen. See those “pollen pants”? But freeloading flies drop their own eggs into the nests … from the air!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, PBS Digital Studios wants to know what you enjoy on YouTube and what you want more of. Follow the link in the description to take their annual survey. You even get to vote on new show ideas. Thanks for representing, and please tell them Deep Look sent you.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Every year, up to half the honeybee colonies in the U.S. die. Varroa mites, the bees’ ghastly parasites, are one of the main culprits. After hitching a ride into a hive, a mite mom hides in a honeycomb cell, where she and her offspring feed on a growing bee. But beekeepers and scientists are helping honeybees fight back.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845855,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":43,"wordCount":972},"headData":{"title":"Varroa Mites Are a Honeybee’s 8-Legged Nightmare | KQED","description":"Every year, up to half the honeybee colonies in the U.S. die. Varroa mites, the bees’ ghastly parasites, are one of the main culprits. After hitching a ride into a hive, a mite mom hides in a honeycomb cell, where she and her offspring feed on a growing bee. But beekeepers and scientists are helping honeybees fight back.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/69Do8tw_xy0","source":"Food","sourceUrl":"/food/","sticky":false,"excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1984850/varroa-mites-are-a-honeybees-8-legged-nightmare","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Every year, up to half the honeybee colonies in the U.S. die. Varroa mites, the bees’ ghastly parasites, are one of the main culprits. After hitching a ride into a hive, a mite mom hides in a honeycomb cell, where she and her offspring feed on a growing bee. But beekeepers and scientists are helping honeybees fight back.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>TRANSCRIPT\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Here’s a go-to recipe for beekeepers. It’s called a “sugar shake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take a half-cup of bees. That’s about 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Put them in a jar and cover them with a mesh lid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add two tablespoons confectioners’ sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shake for 30 seconds. We’re going for a nice, even coat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Empty the sugar onto a tray. And there you have it: frosted varroa mites, aka \u003cem>Varroa destructor\u003c/em>. They’re a honeybee’s worst enemy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fine-powdered sugar made them lose the grip they had on their hosts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A minute ago, the mites were on the bees in the hive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s as if you were carrying around a tick the size of a dinner plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, up to half the managed honeybee hives in the United States die from hazards like pesticide exposure, lack of flowers to forage on year-round, and varroa mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To feed, a varroa mite nestles between the bees’ protective plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It digs in with its gnarly mouth, the gnathosoma. The mite sinks it into a crucial organ called the fat body. It’s a layer of tissue that lines the abdomen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"\u003cbr>\nADDITIONAL RESOURCES\u003cbr>\nElina L. Niño, associate professor of cooperative extension in apiculture at UC Davis, has answered \u003ca href=\"https://elninobeelab.sf.ucdavis.edu/resources-community\">common questions about honeybees\u003c/a> from beekeepers, homeowners and gardeners, including where to send pests to be identified. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 2019 paper by Samuel Ramsey and colleagues details how they discovered that \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1818371116\">varroa mites feed on the fat body of honeybees\u003c/a>. For a long time, it was thought that the mites fed on honeybees’ blood, known as hemolymph.\u003cbr>\n","name":"pullquote","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sort of like the human liver, the fat body helps the bee break down harmful stuff, including pesticides. And it maintains the bee’s immune system. So, when varroa mites attack the fat body, they seriously weaken the bee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mites can also transmit a virus that causes a bee to be born with deformed wings, no good for flying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s go back to the “sugar shake.” Beekeepers use them to monitor the varroa mites in their hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As few as three mites per half-cup of bees could kill a hive within the year. That’s because varroa mites are great at sneaking into hives, hiding, and reproducing like mad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first mite gets into a hive by hitching a ride on a bee from another colony. Maybe the bee’s own colony wasn’t doing well and it was looking for a new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite sniffs around for a bee larva and sneaks in right before the bees cover the cell with wax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The defenseless larva is now trapped with its enemy, which begins to feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the larva grows into a pupa, the mite, called a foundress, starts her family. Take a look underneath this bee pupa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite’s firstborn is always a son. The rest are daughters. They’re hard to tell apart when they’re young.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the siblings come of age inside the cell, they’ll meet up on this pile of mite poop – maybe they’re guided by the scent. And they’ll mate … with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes two foundresses make it into a cell. Then their offspring get to mate with someone they’re not related to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mites live off the bee pupa, but they don’t kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the bee is all grown up, it chews its way out of the cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mite slips onto its next victim. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, why don’t the bees just pick those mites off themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, we didn’t start seeing varroa mites in the U.S. until the 1980s. They evolved on eastern honeybees, in Asia. That’s why the western honeybees in the Americas and Europe aren’t yet good at defending against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When beekeepers find mites in a sugar shake, they treat a hive with pesticide strips that kill the mites. But mites are becoming resistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, researchers are selectively breeding honeybees to fight back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture and private companies are breeding bees that can sniff out varroa mites. When the bees find some, they uncap the cells and interrupt reproduction. The bees then, um, “recycle” the unlucky pupa. Yep, they’re eating it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Purdue and Central State universities, scientists breed honeybees known as “mite-biters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After collecting sperm from a male bee, they inseminate a queen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the queen and the male come from colonies that are particularly good at killing mites by chewing off their legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a grisly end for these tormentors and – just maybe – a fair shake for the honeybees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hey sugar, what’s shakin’? We’ve got more bee stories for you. Bindweed turret bees fill their underground nests with pollen. See those “pollen pants”? But freeloading flies drop their own eggs into the nests … from the air!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, PBS Digital Studios wants to know what you enjoy on YouTube and what you want more of. Follow the link in the description to take their annual survey. You even get to vote on new show ideas. Thanks for representing, and please tell them Deep Look sent you.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1984850/varroa-mites-are-a-honeybees-8-legged-nightmare","authors":["6186"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_30","science_36","science_40","science_4450","science_86"],"tags":["science_392","science_1120","science_5178","science_1970","science_309"],"featImg":"science_1984881","label":"source_science_1984850"},"science_1983569":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1983569","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1983569","score":null,"sort":[1689937737000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"uc-irvine-researchers-use-mosquito-gene-editing-in-fight-against-malaria","title":"UC Irvine Researchers Use Mosquito ‘Gene Editing’ in Fight Against Malaria","publishDate":1689937737,"format":"standard","headTitle":"UC Irvine Researchers Use Mosquito ‘Gene Editing’ in Fight Against Malaria | KQED","labelTerm":{"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>Mosquitoes carry malaria, which kills hundreds of thousands of people each year. Now some researchers are trying to use genetic engineering to make the pesky insects into allies in the fight against the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is a radical departure from traditional ways of controlling malaria. For years, public health officials have tried to limit the disease by controlling mosquito populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that approach is temporary, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile/?facultyId=2154\">Anthony James\u003c/a>, a professor of molecular biology and genetics at the University of California, Irvine. Because mosquitoes are extremely tough little insects, and their populations can quickly rebound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" postID=\"science_1982793\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To try to get rid of them, I don’t think it’s possible,” he says. Instead, James and his colleagues want to try a different approach: making mosquitoes themselves into malaria-fighting warriors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how it works, it helps to understand \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/index.html\">the life cycle of malaria\u003c/a>. The malaria pathogen is a parasite that grows inside humans. It’s transmitted via mosquitoes that flit from person to person, sucking blood (the parasites also reproduce inside the guts of skeeters).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can make the mosquitoes inhospitable to the pathogens, you know, we can eliminate the threat of getting the disease,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But making mosquitoes uninviting to malaria is a tough job. The malaria parasite doesn’t make mosquitoes sick, so mosquito immune systems don’t fight it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get around the problem, the team used a gene-editing technique called CRISPR. They started with genes from mice, whose immune systems do fight human malaria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we did then was engineer those [genes], and give them to the mosquitos,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2221118120\">published this month\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Sure enough, the gene-edited mosquitos produced malaria-fighting antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those antibodies “worked very well,” says James. “They reduce the number of parasites in the mosquito, most importantly in the salivary gland, which is where they would be before they were transmitted to a human host.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This technique also allows the researchers to make the genes spread quickly. That means, rather than having to release swarms of gene-edited mosquitos, they could put out a smaller number. The engineered mosquitoes mate, pass on their genetic code, and that code rapidly fans out across the wild population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But genetically altering wild animals does not sit well with environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no need to engineer a mosquito,” says Dana Perls, senior program manager for the emerging technology program at the non-profit Friends of the Earth. Perls points out that naturally occurring methods for reducing malaria appear to be showing promise, as does a new vaccine against the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why take unnecessary risks and release a manipulated species that can’t be recalled once it’s released into the wild?” she asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony James believes the risks would be very low. The mosquitoes are already part of the ecosystem, and the gene alterations wouldn’t affect much other than their response to malaria, he says. Moreover, it’s better than sprays and treatments that control mosquitoes temporarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is potentially a much more sustainable technology,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lab is now working on planning a field trial, which he hopes could be conducted on an island or in another isolated location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Mosquitoes+spread+malaria.+These+researchers+want+them+to+fight+it+instead&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Scientists have used a gene-editing technique to make mosquitos allies in the fight against malaria. Environmentalists are troubled by the idea of genetically modifying wild animals.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704845952,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":21,"wordCount":586},"headData":{"title":"UC Irvine Researchers Use Mosquito ‘Gene Editing’ in Fight Against Malaria | KQED","description":"Scientists have used a gene-editing technique to make mosquitos allies in the fight against malaria. Environmentalists are troubled by the idea of genetically modifying wild animals.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"James Gathany","nprByline":"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/279612138/geoff-brumfiel\">Geoff Brumfiel\u003c/a>","nprImageAgency":"AP","nprStoryId":"1188631213","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1188631213&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/07/20/1188631213/mosquitoes-spread-malaria-these-researchers-want-them-to-fight-it-instead?ft=nprml&f=1188631213","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 20 Jul 2023 07:02:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Thu, 20 Jul 2023 05:03:15 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 20 Jul 2023 05:03:15 -0400","nprAudio":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/07/20230720_me_mosquitoes_spread_malaria_these_researchers_want_them_to_fight_it_instead.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1031&d=173&p=3&story=1188631213&ft=nprml&f=1188631213","nprAudioM3u":"http://api.npr.org/m3u/11188869698-82f4e3.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1031&d=173&p=3&story=1188631213&ft=nprml&f=1188631213","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","articleAge":"0","path":"/science/1983569/uc-irvine-researchers-use-mosquito-gene-editing-in-fight-against-malaria","audioUrl":"https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2023/07/20230720_me_mosquitoes_spread_malaria_these_researchers_want_them_to_fight_it_instead.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1031&d=173&p=3&story=1188631213&ft=nprml&f=1188631213","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mosquitoes carry malaria, which kills hundreds of thousands of people each year. Now some researchers are trying to use genetic engineering to make the pesky insects into allies in the fight against the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is a radical departure from traditional ways of controlling malaria. For years, public health officials have tried to limit the disease by controlling mosquito populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that approach is temporary, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.faculty.uci.edu/profile/?facultyId=2154\">Anthony James\u003c/a>, a professor of molecular biology and genetics at the University of California, Irvine. Because mosquitoes are extremely tough little insects, and their populations can quickly rebound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"aside","attributes":{"named":{"label":"related coverage ","postid":"science_1982793"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To try to get rid of them, I don’t think it’s possible,” he says. Instead, James and his colleagues want to try a different approach: making mosquitoes themselves into malaria-fighting warriors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how it works, it helps to understand \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/biology/index.html\">the life cycle of malaria\u003c/a>. The malaria pathogen is a parasite that grows inside humans. It’s transmitted via mosquitoes that flit from person to person, sucking blood (the parasites also reproduce inside the guts of skeeters).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can make the mosquitoes inhospitable to the pathogens, you know, we can eliminate the threat of getting the disease,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But making mosquitoes uninviting to malaria is a tough job. The malaria parasite doesn’t make mosquitoes sick, so mosquito immune systems don’t fight it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get around the problem, the team used a gene-editing technique called CRISPR. They started with genes from mice, whose immune systems do fight human malaria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we did then was engineer those [genes], and give them to the mosquitos,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2221118120\">published this month\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Sure enough, the gene-edited mosquitos produced malaria-fighting antibodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those antibodies “worked very well,” says James. “They reduce the number of parasites in the mosquito, most importantly in the salivary gland, which is where they would be before they were transmitted to a human host.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This technique also allows the researchers to make the genes spread quickly. That means, rather than having to release swarms of gene-edited mosquitos, they could put out a smaller number. The engineered mosquitoes mate, pass on their genetic code, and that code rapidly fans out across the wild population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But genetically altering wild animals does not sit well with environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no need to engineer a mosquito,” says Dana Perls, senior program manager for the emerging technology program at the non-profit Friends of the Earth. Perls points out that naturally occurring methods for reducing malaria appear to be showing promise, as does a new vaccine against the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why take unnecessary risks and release a manipulated species that can’t be recalled once it’s released into the wild?” she asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony James believes the risks would be very low. The mosquitoes are already part of the ecosystem, and the gene alterations wouldn’t affect much other than their response to malaria, he says. Moreover, it’s better than sprays and treatments that control mosquitoes temporarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is potentially a much more sustainable technology,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lab is now working on planning a field trial, which he hopes could be conducted on an island or in another isolated location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Mosquitoes+spread+malaria.+These+researchers+want+them+to+fight+it+instead&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1983569/uc-irvine-researchers-use-mosquito-gene-editing-in-fight-against-malaria","authors":["byline_science_1983569"],"categories":["science_2874","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1120","science_5196","science_1759"],"featImg":"science_1983570","label":"science"},"science_1980416":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1980416","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1980416","score":null,"sort":[1664904312000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"in-alaskas-fat-bear-week-election-theres-no-party-like-a-salmon-party","title":"In Alaska’s Fat Bear Week Election, There’s No Party Like a Salmon Party","publishDate":1664904312,"format":"standard","headTitle":"In Alaska’s Fat Bear Week Election, There’s No Party Like a Salmon Party | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>In many ways, it’s a model election. The campaign runs for only one week, and all the candidates are well-grounded and devoid of hypocrisy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, all the candidates are enthusiastically out for themselves — because they are bears, after all, embracing the ursine urge to eat like there’s no tomorrow and fortify themselves for winter hibernation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear Week officially starts on Wednesday, celebrating the hard work bears do to survive, and giving all the rest of us a reason to gawk at massive animals and spawning salmon in their home in Katmai National Park in Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Fat Bear Week works\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 12 brown bears are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/learn/fat-bear-week-2022.htm\">placed into a bracket\u003c/a>, where voters decide who should advance from each matchup. Voting opens each day at 12 p.m. ET, running from Oct. 5 through Oct. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contest highlights the amazing transformation bears must make after they emerge from hibernation, emaciated and hungry. From the middle of summer to the fall, an average male adult can go from weighing 600-900 pounds to well over 1,000 pounds, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/learn/photosmultimedia/brown-bear-frequently-asked-questions.htm#13\">Katmai website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980438\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-800x621.png\" alt=\"Your guide to Fat Bear Week, an election where voters actually like every candidate (National Park Service)\" width=\"800\" height=\"621\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-800x621.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1020x792.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-160x124.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-768x596.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1536x1192.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-2048x1589.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1920x1490.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Your guide to Fat Bear Week, an election where voters actually like every candidate (National Park Service) \u003ccite>(National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Contestants are tracked by their numbers, but veteran animals are known by names like the large male Chunk, or the blond-eared female Holly. Then there’s 747 — who doesn’t need a nickname because his number and size both echo the famous jumbo jet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s defending champ, Otis, also won the first Fat Bear contest eight years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fans often follow their favorite bears on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mphg2feuAPo\">webcams in the park\u003c/a>, watching as they try to extract sockeye salmon from rapids and waterfalls along the Brooks River.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It helps to be a big bear with a big personality\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the competition favors girth, bears often become sentimental favorites, thanks to personal stories experts have gleaned from years of observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Holly, aka 435, who has guided several cubs on difficult paths to becoming successful adults — including 503, whom she adopted after he was left alone as a yearling cub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980439\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980439\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Fat Bear candidate 435 Holly is in her mid to late 20s, making her one of the older bears to use Brooks River. She has a light-colored coat reminiscent of a toasted marshmallow, and is known for adopting several orphaned cubs. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fat Bear candidate 435 Holly is in her mid to late 20s, making her one of the older bears to use Brooks River. She has a light-colored coat reminiscent of a toasted marshmallow, and is known for adopting several orphaned cubs. \u003ccite>(E. Johnston/NPS Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A bachelorette’s life this summer afforded her the opportunity to concentrate on her own needs,” according to the Fat Bear Week site at \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears\">Explore.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Female adult brown bears usually weigh about a third less than males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need bear analysis, park staff and naturalist Mike Fitz of Explore.org recently discussed the 2022 field \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caElTmCqM6Q&t=1379s\">in a video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Who you got in 2022?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Fat Bear Week Bracket Reveal | Brooks Live Chat\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/caElTmCqM6Q?start=1380&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While incumbents often enjoy an advantage, insurgent newcomers add spice to this year’s mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the youngest bears in the bracket is a female subadult dubbed 335, who is Holly’s daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Subadults are essentially the teenagers of the bear world,” from around 2 and a half to 5 years old, Katmai Park Ranger Lian Law said, describing how they’re blocked from the best fishing spots and learn to live away from their mothers for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As that narrative suggests, the bears’ backstories are a great way for the park to educate the public about the wide range of bear behaviors, from their fishing and survival strategies to how they interact with other animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Alaska%27s+Fat+Bear+Week+election%2C+there%27s+no+party+like+a+salmon+party+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"If hypocrisy in politics turns you off, the election you need is in Alaska, where the candidates are voraciously out for themselves. You can vote beginning Wednesday.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846181,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":20,"wordCount":616},"headData":{"title":"In Alaska’s Fat Bear Week Election, There’s No Party Like a Salmon Party | KQED","description":"If hypocrisy in politics turns you off, the election you need is in Alaska, where the candidates are voraciously out for themselves. You can vote beginning Wednesday.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Lian Law","nprByline":"Bill Chappell","nprImageAgency":"NPS Photo","nprStoryId":"1126698174","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1126698174&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/04/1126698174/fat-bear-week-alaska?ft=nprml&f=1126698174","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Tue, 04 Oct 2022 11:30:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Tue, 04 Oct 2022 11:26:09 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Tue, 04 Oct 2022 11:30:04 -0400","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/science/1980416/in-alaskas-fat-bear-week-election-theres-no-party-like-a-salmon-party","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In many ways, it’s a model election. The campaign runs for only one week, and all the candidates are well-grounded and devoid of hypocrisy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, all the candidates are enthusiastically out for themselves — because they are bears, after all, embracing the ursine urge to eat like there’s no tomorrow and fortify themselves for winter hibernation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fat Bear Week officially starts on Wednesday, celebrating the hard work bears do to survive, and giving all the rest of us a reason to gawk at massive animals and spawning salmon in their home in Katmai National Park in Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Fat Bear Week works\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 12 brown bears are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/learn/fat-bear-week-2022.htm\">placed into a bracket\u003c/a>, where voters decide who should advance from each matchup. Voting opens each day at 12 p.m. ET, running from Oct. 5 through Oct. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contest highlights the amazing transformation bears must make after they emerge from hibernation, emaciated and hungry. From the middle of summer to the fall, an average male adult can go from weighing 600-900 pounds to well over 1,000 pounds, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/katm/learn/photosmultimedia/brown-bear-frequently-asked-questions.htm#13\">Katmai website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980438\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-800x621.png\" alt=\"Your guide to Fat Bear Week, an election where voters actually like every candidate (National Park Service)\" width=\"800\" height=\"621\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-800x621.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1020x792.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-160x124.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-768x596.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1536x1192.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-2048x1589.png 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/FBW-BRACKET-2022-1920x1490.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Your guide to Fat Bear Week, an election where voters actually like every candidate (National Park Service) \u003ccite>(National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Contestants are tracked by their numbers, but veteran animals are known by names like the large male Chunk, or the blond-eared female Holly. Then there’s 747 — who doesn’t need a nickname because his number and size both echo the famous jumbo jet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s defending champ, Otis, also won the first Fat Bear contest eight years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fans often follow their favorite bears on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mphg2feuAPo\">webcams in the park\u003c/a>, watching as they try to extract sockeye salmon from rapids and waterfalls along the Brooks River.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It helps to be a big bear with a big personality\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the competition favors girth, bears often become sentimental favorites, thanks to personal stories experts have gleaned from years of observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Holly, aka 435, who has guided several cubs on difficult paths to becoming successful adults — including 503, whom she adopted after he was left alone as a yearling cub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1980439\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1980439\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Fat Bear candidate 435 Holly is in her mid to late 20s, making her one of the older bears to use Brooks River. She has a light-colored coat reminiscent of a toasted marshmallow, and is known for adopting several orphaned cubs. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2022/10/435-Fat-Photo-courtesy-E.-Johnston-099A9884-Use-Me-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fat Bear candidate 435 Holly is in her mid to late 20s, making her one of the older bears to use Brooks River. She has a light-colored coat reminiscent of a toasted marshmallow, and is known for adopting several orphaned cubs. \u003ccite>(E. Johnston/NPS Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A bachelorette’s life this summer afforded her the opportunity to concentrate on her own needs,” according to the Fat Bear Week site at \u003ca href=\"https://explore.org/meet-the-bears\">Explore.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Female adult brown bears usually weigh about a third less than males.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need bear analysis, park staff and naturalist Mike Fitz of Explore.org recently discussed the 2022 field \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caElTmCqM6Q&t=1379s\">in a video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Who you got in 2022?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Fat Bear Week Bracket Reveal | Brooks Live Chat\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/caElTmCqM6Q?start=1380&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While incumbents often enjoy an advantage, insurgent newcomers add spice to this year’s mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the youngest bears in the bracket is a female subadult dubbed 335, who is Holly’s daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Subadults are essentially the teenagers of the bear world,” from around 2 and a half to 5 years old, Katmai Park Ranger Lian Law said, describing how they’re blocked from the best fishing spots and learn to live away from their mothers for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As that narrative suggests, the bears’ backstories are a great way for the park to educate the public about the wide range of bear behaviors, from their fishing and survival strategies to how they interact with other animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Alaska%27s+Fat+Bear+Week+election%2C+there%27s+no+party+like+a+salmon+party+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1980416/in-alaskas-fat-bear-week-election-theres-no-party-like-a-salmon-party","authors":["byline_science_1980416"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1120","science_4414"],"featImg":"science_1980417","label":"source_science_1980416"},"science_1978710":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1978710","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1978710","score":null,"sort":[1647262847000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"heres-what-we-gain-from-preserving-natures-sounds","title":"Here's What We Gain From Preserving Nature's Sounds","publishDate":1647262847,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Here’s What We Gain From Preserving Nature’s Sounds | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>From birdsong and crashing waves to the whisper of the wind in the trees, the natural world is brimming with diverse soundscapes. But according to author and biologist David George Haskell, many of Earth’s soundscapes are in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noise pollution from mining and industrial shipping in the oceans has become so loud that aquatic creatures struggle to communicate with each other. Birds and insects that fill the night with chirps and caws are steadily decreasing. Scientists talk about biodiversity of species all the time, but what about sonic diversity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his new book, “\u003ca href=\"https://dghaskell.com/sounds-wild-and-broken/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sounds Wild and Broken: Sonic Marvels, Evolution’s Creativity, and the Crisis of Sensory Extinction\u003c/a>,” Haskell writes that the world’s soundscapes are at risk, threatened by human noise pollution and habitat destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warns that if people continue to ignore, destroy and smother the world’s sounds, we threaten our ability to connect with the natural world, as well as endangering even more species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim spoke with Haskell, a biology professor at Sewanee in Tennessee, about his book, the acoustic crisis and the power of listening closely to our own neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation has been lightly edited for length and clarity. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101888111/david-george-haskell-on-preserving-the-earths-sonic-diversity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">listen to the full Forum segment\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MINA KIM\u003c/strong>: One of the things I was really struck by as I was reading your book, and also hearing the examples given to us by listeners, was how many people said that their favorite sounds were made by birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as you remind us in the book, a third of North American songbirds have disappeared in the last half century. And so this is in part what you mean, when you say the diverse sounds of the world are now in crisis?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAVID GEORGE HASKELL\u003c/strong>: Birds are a good way into this. Certainly, in my own journey, I started listening to birds and identifying species, and then individuals, and then came to understand all the nuances of the landscape and the seasons through them. Many people have this connection. Birds are very much like us in their sensory systems. They’re acoustic and visual, and listening to them, of course, brings us great joy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also teaches us that we live in an age of diminishment. Listening is a way of discerning that decline. For example, when scientists go out to survey birds, almost 90% — and in tropical areas, it’s more like 99% — of the birds that you would count in your survey you get through your ears, because you’re in, for example, dense forest, where you can’t see the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’ve said if there’s an acoustic hell, it’s in today’s oceans. Why do you say that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oceans live in this place that is beyond our senses. If you’re standing on the ocean shore, you won’t hear it unless it’s very, very loud. Most sound waves that come up from the deep ocean hit the surface and bounce back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when we are close to the ocean, we have a sensory disconnection from what’s happening below the waves. And over the last several decades, shipping noise has vastly increased — [there’s] lots of sonar, particularly from military vessels, and also seismic exploration of the oceans, where air guns are used. They blast off every few seconds, over weeks and months, and turn the ocean into this tumult of sound that is almost unsurpassed in any terrestrial environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the particular problem for ocean creatures is that this isn’t just annoying, or an inconvenience. This destroys their ability to communicate with one another. And sometimes the sound is loud enough that it’s actually destroying them from the inside physiologically, because sound in the ocean flows through the skin into the watery bodies of creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If we care about maintaining and expanding sonic diversity at this stage, where Earth is rapidly changing, what can we do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of things we can do. One of the things I tried to do with my students over the years is open our senses to the stories that are present around us every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sound is an invitation into appreciation of the diversity of life, the many voices of other species. It’s also a great teacher about problems of environmental injustice and environmental racism. Why is it that certain neighborhoods and cities have highways routed through them, and are exposed to higher levels of urban noise and traffic noise and air pollution than others? By listening to our own neighborhoods — both for the beauty, but also the brokenness around us — we can get a sense of, “What can my gifts and talents do to mesh with the world to produce productive change in my own community?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You talk about how sound has the power to evoke memories and emotions, but you also say that sound is generative. Can you explain what you mean by that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that stunned me while researching for this book: going back in time and realizing how much sonic connection from one creature to another — or from one nonliving entity to another — has been a creative force in biological evolution and cultural change. But also in the makeup of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very first sound waves passed through the hot plasma of the universe when it was a compact, blazing little ball of heat. As the universe expanded, the plasma cooled, and those sound waves still run through the universe today as the microwave background radiation that astronomers can pick up with … their instruments. The peaks of those little sound waves became the first clusters of atoms around which the stars and galaxies formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first sound waves of the universe seeded the stars and the galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once life evolved on planet Earth, sound became a way for creatures to connect. All sorts of amazing beauty and diversity emerges because of the sonic connection from one being to another.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Soundscapes around the world are at risk from noise pollution and habitat destruction.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846300,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":24,"wordCount":1031},"headData":{"title":"Here's What We Gain From Preserving Nature's Sounds | KQED","description":"Soundscapes around the world are at risk from noise pollution and habitat destruction.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Environment","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Guananí Gómez-Van Cortright ","excludeFromSiteSearch":"Include","showOnAuthorArchivePages":"No","path":"/science/1978710/heres-what-we-gain-from-preserving-natures-sounds","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From birdsong and crashing waves to the whisper of the wind in the trees, the natural world is brimming with diverse soundscapes. But according to author and biologist David George Haskell, many of Earth’s soundscapes are in danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noise pollution from mining and industrial shipping in the oceans has become so loud that aquatic creatures struggle to communicate with each other. Birds and insects that fill the night with chirps and caws are steadily decreasing. Scientists talk about biodiversity of species all the time, but what about sonic diversity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his new book, “\u003ca href=\"https://dghaskell.com/sounds-wild-and-broken/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sounds Wild and Broken: Sonic Marvels, Evolution’s Creativity, and the Crisis of Sensory Extinction\u003c/a>,” Haskell writes that the world’s soundscapes are at risk, threatened by human noise pollution and habitat destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warns that if people continue to ignore, destroy and smother the world’s sounds, we threaten our ability to connect with the natural world, as well as endangering even more species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim spoke with Haskell, a biology professor at Sewanee in Tennessee, about his book, the acoustic crisis and the power of listening closely to our own neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation has been lightly edited for length and clarity. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101888111/david-george-haskell-on-preserving-the-earths-sonic-diversity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">listen to the full Forum segment\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MINA KIM\u003c/strong>: One of the things I was really struck by as I was reading your book, and also hearing the examples given to us by listeners, was how many people said that their favorite sounds were made by birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as you remind us in the book, a third of North American songbirds have disappeared in the last half century. And so this is in part what you mean, when you say the diverse sounds of the world are now in crisis?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>DAVID GEORGE HASKELL\u003c/strong>: Birds are a good way into this. Certainly, in my own journey, I started listening to birds and identifying species, and then individuals, and then came to understand all the nuances of the landscape and the seasons through them. Many people have this connection. Birds are very much like us in their sensory systems. They’re acoustic and visual, and listening to them, of course, brings us great joy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also teaches us that we live in an age of diminishment. Listening is a way of discerning that decline. For example, when scientists go out to survey birds, almost 90% — and in tropical areas, it’s more like 99% — of the birds that you would count in your survey you get through your ears, because you’re in, for example, dense forest, where you can’t see the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’ve said if there’s an acoustic hell, it’s in today’s oceans. Why do you say that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oceans live in this place that is beyond our senses. If you’re standing on the ocean shore, you won’t hear it unless it’s very, very loud. Most sound waves that come up from the deep ocean hit the surface and bounce back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when we are close to the ocean, we have a sensory disconnection from what’s happening below the waves. And over the last several decades, shipping noise has vastly increased — [there’s] lots of sonar, particularly from military vessels, and also seismic exploration of the oceans, where air guns are used. They blast off every few seconds, over weeks and months, and turn the ocean into this tumult of sound that is almost unsurpassed in any terrestrial environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the particular problem for ocean creatures is that this isn’t just annoying, or an inconvenience. This destroys their ability to communicate with one another. And sometimes the sound is loud enough that it’s actually destroying them from the inside physiologically, because sound in the ocean flows through the skin into the watery bodies of creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If we care about maintaining and expanding sonic diversity at this stage, where Earth is rapidly changing, what can we do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a number of things we can do. One of the things I tried to do with my students over the years is open our senses to the stories that are present around us every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sound is an invitation into appreciation of the diversity of life, the many voices of other species. It’s also a great teacher about problems of environmental injustice and environmental racism. Why is it that certain neighborhoods and cities have highways routed through them, and are exposed to higher levels of urban noise and traffic noise and air pollution than others? By listening to our own neighborhoods — both for the beauty, but also the brokenness around us — we can get a sense of, “What can my gifts and talents do to mesh with the world to produce productive change in my own community?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You talk about how sound has the power to evoke memories and emotions, but you also say that sound is generative. Can you explain what you mean by that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that stunned me while researching for this book: going back in time and realizing how much sonic connection from one creature to another — or from one nonliving entity to another — has been a creative force in biological evolution and cultural change. But also in the makeup of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very first sound waves passed through the hot plasma of the universe when it was a compact, blazing little ball of heat. As the universe expanded, the plasma cooled, and those sound waves still run through the universe today as the microwave background radiation that astronomers can pick up with … their instruments. The peaks of those little sound waves became the first clusters of atoms around which the stars and galaxies formed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first sound waves of the universe seeded the stars and the galaxies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once life evolved on planet Earth, sound became a way for creatures to connect. All sorts of amazing beauty and diversity emerges because of the sonic connection from one being to another.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1978710/heres-what-we-gain-from-preserving-natures-sounds","authors":["byline_science_1978710"],"categories":["science_2874","science_28","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1120","science_5196","science_260","science_4414"],"featImg":"science_1978770","label":"source_science_1978710"},"science_1977127":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1977127","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1977127","score":null,"sort":[1634324364000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"immerse-yourself-in-nature-with-these-2021-wildlife-photographer-of-the-year-images","title":"Immerse Yourself in Nature with These 2021 Wildlife Photographer of the Year Images","publishDate":1634324364,"format":"image","headTitle":"Immerse Yourself in Nature with These 2021 Wildlife Photographer of the Year Images | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>The winning images of the 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/wpy/\">Wildlife Photographer of the Year\u003c/a> competition are here, and they’re enthralling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual competition is organized by London’s Natural History Museum and is recognized as the world’s longest-running and most prestigious nature photography competition. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/press-office/Wildlife-Photographer-of-the-Year/first-wildlife-photographer-of-the-year-2020-images-revealed11.html\">announcing the winners\u003c/a> on Tuesday, the museum said it had received more than 50,000 submissions from 95 countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entries in this year’s competition — the 57th edition — were judged anonymously by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/press-office/Wildlife-Photographer-of-the-Year/wildlife-photographer-of-the-year-announces-international-jury-a.html\">panel of international experts\u003c/a> for “originality, narrative, technical excellence and ethical practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The two Grand Title winners were selected from 19 category winners that celebrate the captivating beauty of our natural world with rich habitats, enthralling animal behaviour and extraordinary species,” the museum explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newest Wildlife Photographer of the Year is French underwater photographer and biologist Laurent Ballesta, whose first-place image was actually years in the making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called Creation, and it captures camouflage groupers exiting a milky cloud of eggs and sperm in a biosphere reserve in Fakarava, French Polynesia. The museum said that Ballesta and his team returned to the lagoon every year for five years, “diving day and night so as not to miss the annual spawning that only takes place around the full moon in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977151\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977151\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1172\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn.jpg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Creation, by Laurent Ballesta, France, winner, category: underwater. Ballesta peered into the depths as a trio of camouflage groupers exited its milky cloud of eggs and sperm. For five years Ballesta and his team returned to this lagoon, diving day and night to see the annual spawning of camouflage groupers. They were joined after dark by reef sharks that were hunting the fish.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Camouflage groupers as a species are endangered by overfishing, the museum noted, though these particular fish are protected within the reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year’s Grand Title winner reveals a hidden underwater world, a fleeting moment of fascinating animal behaviour that very few have witnessed,” said Doug Gurr, the museum’s director, in a statement. “In what could be a pivotal year for the planet, with vital discussions taking place at COP15 and COP26, Laurent Ballesta’s Creation is a compelling reminder of what we stand to lose if we do not address humanity’s impact on our planet. The protection provided to this endangered species by the biosphere reserve highlights the positive difference we can make.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top award in the 17-and-under category (Young Wildlife Photographer of the Year) went to 10-year-old Vidyun R Hebbar of Bengaluru, India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His image shows a tent spider upside down in a web, against the bright colors of a passing tuk-tuk in the background. The museum said Vidyun loves to photograph the “often-over looked creatures that live in the streets and parks near his home” and was first featured in the competition at age 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The jury loved this photo from the beginning of the judging process,” said Natalie Cooper, a jury member and National History Museum researcher, in a statement. “It is a great reminder to look more closely at the small animals we live with every day, and to take your camera with you everywhere. You never know where that award winning image is going to come from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hundred images from the competition — contextualized with insights from scientists and other experts — will be showcased in lightbox displays at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/visit/exhibitions/wildlife-photographer-of-the-year.html\">special Natural History Museum exhibit\u003c/a>. It will open in London on Friday and will travel to venues in the U.K., Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany and the U.S. in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for any curious wildlife photographers reading this: The 2022 competition will accept entries starting Monday, with a close date of Dec. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out some of the stunning images from contest winners below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977157\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977157\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1306\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog-800x594.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog-1020x757.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog-160x119.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog-768x570.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog-1536x1140.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Where the giant newts breed, by João Rodrigues, Portugal, winner, behaviour: amphibians and reptiles category. Rodrigues was surprised by a pair of courting sharp-ribbed salamanders in this flooded forest. It was Rodrigues’ first chance in five years to dive into this lake, as it emerges only in winters of exceptionally heavy rainfall, when underground rivers overflow.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977155\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977155\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1174\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant-1536x1025.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elephant in the room, by Adam Oswell, Australia, winner, category: photojournalism. Oswell draws attention to zoo visitors watching a young elephant perform underwater.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977153\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1172\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Head to head, by Stefano Unterthiner, Italy, winner, behaviour: mammals category. Unterthiner watched two Svalbard reindeer battle for control of a harem. Unterthiner followed these reindeer during the rutting season. Watching the fight, he felt immersed in “the smell, the noise, the fatigue and the pain.” The reindeer clashed antlers until the dominant male (left) chased its rival away.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977152\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1704px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977152\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1704\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-scaled.jpeg 1704w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-800x1202.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-1020x1532.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-768x1154.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-1022x1536.jpeg 1022w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-1363x2048.jpeg 1363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1704px) 100vw, 1704px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bedazzled, by Alex Mustard, U.K., winner, category: natural artistry. Mustard found a ghost pipefish hiding among the arms of a feather star. Mustard had always wanted to capture such an image of a juvenile ghost pipefish but usually found only darker adults on matching feather stars.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977158\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1704px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977158\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1704\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-scaled.jpeg 1704w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-800x1202.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-1020x1532.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-768x1154.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-1022x1536.jpeg 1022w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-1363x2048.jpeg 1363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1704px) 100vw, 1704px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reflection, by Majed Ali, Kuwait, winner, category: animal portraits. Ali glimpsed the moment a mountain gorilla closed its eyes in the rain. Ali trekked for four hours to meet Kibande, an almost-40-year-old mountain gorilla. “The more we climbed, the hotter and more humid it got,” Ali recalls. As cooling rain began to fall, Kibande remained in the open, seeming to enjoy the shower.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977156\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977156\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1174\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish-1536x1025.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face-off, from the “Cichlids of Planet Tanganyika” portfolio by Angel Fitor, Spain, winner, Portfolio Award. Fitor provides an intimate look at cichlid fishes in Africa’s Lake Tanganyika. Two male cichlid fish fight jaw to jaw over a snail shell. Inside the half-buried shell is a female ready to lay eggs. For three weeks, Fitor monitored the lake bed looking for such disputes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977159\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977159\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1172\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nursery meltdown, by Jennifer Hayes, U.S., winner, Oceans – The Bigger Picture category. Hayes recorded harp seals, seal pups and the blood of birth against melting sea ice. Following a storm, it took hours of searching by helicopter to find this fractured sea ice used as a birthing platform by harp seals. “It was a pulse of life that took your breath away,” says Hayes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977160\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977160\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar-.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"952\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar-.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar--800x433.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar--1020x552.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar--160x87.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar--768x415.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar--1536x831.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cool time, from “Land time for sea bears” portfolio, by Martin Gregus, Canada/Slovakia, winner, Rising Star Portfolio Award. Gregus shows polar bears in a different light as they come ashore in summer. On a hot summer’s day, two female polar bears took to the shallow intertidal waters to cool off and play. Gregus used a drone to capture this moment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977154\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1172\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The intimate touch, by Shane Kalyn, Canada, winner, behaviour: birds category. Kalyn watched a raven courtship display. It was midwinter, the start of the ravens’ breeding season. Kalyn lay on the frozen ground and used the muted light to capture the ravens’ iridescent plumage against the contrasting snow to reveal this intimate moment when their thick black bills came together.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977161\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1172\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Road to ruin, by Javier Lafuente, Spain, winner, category: Wetlands – The Bigger Picture. Lafuente shows the stark, straight line of a road slicing through the curves of a wetland landscape. By maneuvering his drone and inclining the camera, Lafuente dealt with the challenges of sunlight reflected by the water and ever-changing light conditions.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Immerse+yourself+in+nature+with+these+2021+Wildlife+Photographer+of+the+Year+images&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"The top two winners of the 2021 Wildlife Photographer of the Year competition were selected from more than 50,000 entries worldwide. They are a biologist from France and a 10-year-old from India.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846403,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":16,"wordCount":1247},"headData":{"title":"Immerse Yourself in Nature with These 2021 Wildlife Photographer of the Year Images | KQED","description":"The top two winners of the 2021 Wildlife Photographer of the Year competition were selected from more than 50,000 entries worldwide. They are a biologist from France and a 10-year-old from India.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"NPR","sticky":false,"nprImageCredit":"Vidyun R Hebbar","nprByline":"Rachel Treisman and Catie Dull \u003cbr> NPR","nprImageAgency":"Wildlife Photographer of the Year","nprStoryId":"1045692906","nprApiLink":"http://api.npr.org/query?id=1045692906&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004","nprHtmlLink":"https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2021/10/13/1045692906/wildlife-photographer-of-the-year-2021-winners?ft=nprml&f=1045692906","nprRetrievedStory":"1","nprPubDate":"Thu, 14 Oct 2021 16:29:00 -0400","nprStoryDate":"Wed, 13 Oct 2021 17:24:27 -0400","nprLastModifiedDate":"Thu, 14 Oct 2021 16:29:43 -0400","path":"/science/1977127/immerse-yourself-in-nature-with-these-2021-wildlife-photographer-of-the-year-images","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The winning images of the 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/wpy/\">Wildlife Photographer of the Year\u003c/a> competition are here, and they’re enthralling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual competition is organized by London’s Natural History Museum and is recognized as the world’s longest-running and most prestigious nature photography competition. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/press-office/Wildlife-Photographer-of-the-Year/first-wildlife-photographer-of-the-year-2020-images-revealed11.html\">announcing the winners\u003c/a> on Tuesday, the museum said it had received more than 50,000 submissions from 95 countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entries in this year’s competition — the 57th edition — were judged anonymously by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/press-office/Wildlife-Photographer-of-the-Year/wildlife-photographer-of-the-year-announces-international-jury-a.html\">panel of international experts\u003c/a> for “originality, narrative, technical excellence and ethical practice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The two Grand Title winners were selected from 19 category winners that celebrate the captivating beauty of our natural world with rich habitats, enthralling animal behaviour and extraordinary species,” the museum explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newest Wildlife Photographer of the Year is French underwater photographer and biologist Laurent Ballesta, whose first-place image was actually years in the making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s called Creation, and it captures camouflage groupers exiting a milky cloud of eggs and sperm in a biosphere reserve in Fakarava, French Polynesia. The museum said that Ballesta and his team returned to the lagoon every year for five years, “diving day and night so as not to miss the annual spawning that only takes place around the full moon in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977151\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977151\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1172\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn.jpg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Creation, by Laurent Ballesta, France, winner, category: underwater. Ballesta peered into the depths as a trio of camouflage groupers exited its milky cloud of eggs and sperm. For five years Ballesta and his team returned to this lagoon, diving day and night to see the annual spawning of camouflage groupers. They were joined after dark by reef sharks that were hunting the fish.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Camouflage groupers as a species are endangered by overfishing, the museum noted, though these particular fish are protected within the reserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This year’s Grand Title winner reveals a hidden underwater world, a fleeting moment of fascinating animal behaviour that very few have witnessed,” said Doug Gurr, the museum’s director, in a statement. “In what could be a pivotal year for the planet, with vital discussions taking place at COP15 and COP26, Laurent Ballesta’s Creation is a compelling reminder of what we stand to lose if we do not address humanity’s impact on our planet. The protection provided to this endangered species by the biosphere reserve highlights the positive difference we can make.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top award in the 17-and-under category (Young Wildlife Photographer of the Year) went to 10-year-old Vidyun R Hebbar of Bengaluru, India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His image shows a tent spider upside down in a web, against the bright colors of a passing tuk-tuk in the background. The museum said Vidyun loves to photograph the “often-over looked creatures that live in the streets and parks near his home” and was first featured in the competition at age 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The jury loved this photo from the beginning of the judging process,” said Natalie Cooper, a jury member and National History Museum researcher, in a statement. “It is a great reminder to look more closely at the small animals we live with every day, and to take your camera with you everywhere. You never know where that award winning image is going to come from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hundred images from the competition — contextualized with insights from scientists and other experts — will be showcased in lightbox displays at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhm.ac.uk/visit/exhibitions/wildlife-photographer-of-the-year.html\">special Natural History Museum exhibit\u003c/a>. It will open in London on Friday and will travel to venues in the U.K., Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Germany and the U.S. in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for any curious wildlife photographers reading this: The 2022 competition will accept entries starting Monday, with a close date of Dec. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out some of the stunning images from contest winners below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977157\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977157\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1306\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog-800x594.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog-1020x757.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog-160x119.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog-768x570.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Frog-1536x1140.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Where the giant newts breed, by João Rodrigues, Portugal, winner, behaviour: amphibians and reptiles category. Rodrigues was surprised by a pair of courting sharp-ribbed salamanders in this flooded forest. It was Rodrigues’ first chance in five years to dive into this lake, as it emerges only in winters of exceptionally heavy rainfall, when underground rivers overflow.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977155\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977155\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1174\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Elephant-1536x1025.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Elephant in the room, by Adam Oswell, Australia, winner, category: photojournalism. Oswell draws attention to zoo visitors watching a young elephant perform underwater.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977153\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1172\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Buck-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Head to head, by Stefano Unterthiner, Italy, winner, behaviour: mammals category. Unterthiner watched two Svalbard reindeer battle for control of a harem. Unterthiner followed these reindeer during the rutting season. Watching the fight, he felt immersed in “the smell, the noise, the fatigue and the pain.” The reindeer clashed antlers until the dominant male (left) chased its rival away.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977152\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1704px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977152\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1704\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-scaled.jpeg 1704w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-800x1202.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-1020x1532.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-768x1154.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-1022x1536.jpeg 1022w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Bedazzled-1363x2048.jpeg 1363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1704px) 100vw, 1704px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bedazzled, by Alex Mustard, U.K., winner, category: natural artistry. Mustard found a ghost pipefish hiding among the arms of a feather star. Mustard had always wanted to capture such an image of a juvenile ghost pipefish but usually found only darker adults on matching feather stars.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977158\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1704px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977158\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1704\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-scaled.jpeg 1704w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-800x1202.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-1020x1532.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-160x240.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-768x1154.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-1022x1536.jpeg 1022w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Gorilla-1363x2048.jpeg 1363w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1704px) 100vw, 1704px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reflection, by Majed Ali, Kuwait, winner, category: animal portraits. Ali glimpsed the moment a mountain gorilla closed its eyes in the rain. Ali trekked for four hours to meet Kibande, an almost-40-year-old mountain gorilla. “The more we climbed, the hotter and more humid it got,” Ali recalls. As cooling rain began to fall, Kibande remained in the open, seeming to enjoy the shower.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977156\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977156\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1174\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Fish-1536x1025.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Face-off, from the “Cichlids of Planet Tanganyika” portfolio by Angel Fitor, Spain, winner, Portfolio Award. Fitor provides an intimate look at cichlid fishes in Africa’s Lake Tanganyika. Two male cichlid fish fight jaw to jaw over a snail shell. Inside the half-buried shell is a female ready to lay eggs. For three weeks, Fitor monitored the lake bed looking for such disputes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977159\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977159\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1172\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Melt-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nursery meltdown, by Jennifer Hayes, U.S., winner, Oceans – The Bigger Picture category. Hayes recorded harp seals, seal pups and the blood of birth against melting sea ice. Following a storm, it took hours of searching by helicopter to find this fractured sea ice used as a birthing platform by harp seals. “It was a pulse of life that took your breath away,” says Hayes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977160\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977160\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar-.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"952\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar-.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar--800x433.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar--1020x552.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar--160x87.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar--768x415.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Polar--1536x831.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cool time, from “Land time for sea bears” portfolio, by Martin Gregus, Canada/Slovakia, winner, Rising Star Portfolio Award. Gregus shows polar bears in a different light as they come ashore in summer. On a hot summer’s day, two female polar bears took to the shallow intertidal waters to cool off and play. Gregus used a drone to capture this moment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977154\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977154\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1172\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Crow-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The intimate touch, by Shane Kalyn, Canada, winner, behaviour: birds category. Kalyn watched a raven courtship display. It was midwinter, the start of the ravens’ breeding season. Kalyn lay on the frozen ground and used the muted light to capture the ravens’ iridescent plumage against the contrasting snow to reveal this intimate moment when their thick black bills came together.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1977161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1977161\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1760\" height=\"1172\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road.jpeg 1760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road-1020x679.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road-768x511.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/10/Road-1536x1023.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1760px) 100vw, 1760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Road to ruin, by Javier Lafuente, Spain, winner, category: Wetlands – The Bigger Picture. Lafuente shows the stark, straight line of a road slicing through the curves of a wetland landscape. By maneuvering his drone and inclining the camera, Lafuente dealt with the challenges of sunlight reflected by the water and ever-changing light conditions.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Immerse+yourself+in+nature+with+these+2021+Wildlife+Photographer+of+the+Year+images&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1977127/immerse-yourself-in-nature-with-these-2021-wildlife-photographer-of-the-year-images","authors":["byline_science_1977127"],"categories":["science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1120","science_4414","science_179","science_309","science_804"],"featImg":"science_1977129","label":"source_science_1977127"},"science_1973500":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1973500","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1973500","score":null,"sort":[1617714029000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"leaf-miner-fly-babies-scribble-all-over-your-salad","title":"Leaf Miner Fly Babies Scribble All Over Your Salad","publishDate":1617714029,"format":"video","headTitle":"Leaf Miner Fly Babies Scribble All Over Your Salad | KQED","labelTerm":{"term":1935,"site":"science"},"content":"\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]If you have a green thumb, spring in the Bay Area marks the harvesting of lemons and oranges, onions and garlic, and greens like arugula, kale and mustard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what are those squiggly marks crisscrossing your arugula and lemon tree leaves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The mining from a \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> fly larva leaves a pattern of discoloration in a wild mustard leaf growing at UC Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those curlicues are the work of leaf miners, tiny insect larvae that tunnel through leaves. The mines they carve out might be a whitish tan or light gray. They can be neatly serpentine or converge and have a blotch-like appearance, depending on what insect made them. Many different flies, butterflies and moths lay eggs on the leaves of citrus, vegetables and ornamental plants that grow into leaf miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re ubiquitous in the Bay Area,” said James Farr, a \u003ca href=\"http://acmg.ucanr.edu/Contact_Us/\">master gardener\u003c/a> with Alameda County who answers residents’ home gardening questions. “Every year we have leaf miners on my citrus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mines that appear in May and June on the lemon, lime and orange trees he grows in his home near Pleasanton are created by the larvae of moths that lay their eggs on the citrus leaves. The trails can appear as early as April if the weather is warm enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973581\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973581\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A citrus leaf miner left a trail of poop behind as it ate inside a lemon leaf. \u003ccite>(Jack Kelly Clark/UC Statewide IPM Program)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you were to pull back the outermost layer of a leaf, you’d see a translucent larva about a fourth of an inch long tunneling through the leaf’s spongy layer. Their mines, shiny films with a neat, dark stripe of poop inside, might be the best evidence that moths are living in a garden. Leaf miner adults can be infamously elusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been growing for 20 years,” he said, “and I can’t say that I’ve ever seen the adult moth, just the tracks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaf miners rarely do enough damage to even come close to killing a plant, but they make individual leaves inedible. If given enough time, however, a leaf miner can be particularly damaging to vegetables that are harvested specifically for their leaves. But don’t worry if you mistakenly eat a larva — it won’t make you sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973528\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_tunnels_into_leaf_1.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973528\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_tunnels_into_leaf_1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Munch, munch, munch … a fly larva begins tunneling into a leaf with its mouthparts. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For leafy greens, which can be grown during most of the year in the Bay Area, miners can show up anytime a plant has enough mature leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among crops that will be ready to harvest in the summer, like tomatoes, beans, chard and squashes, leaf miner larvae may start appearing in late May. The same goes for ornamental plants like verbena, begonias and impatiens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most backyard gardeners only need to remove the damaged leaves by hand. Farr warns against using insecticides on these pests. Since leaf miners are tucked inside the leaf, chemicals aren’t very effective and can hurt beneficial pest predators like wasps, spiders and ladybugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gardeners with a greenhouse or large numbers of plants can use parasitic wasps to control the leaf miners. The female wasp will inject her eggs into the larvae. Once hatched, the young wasps feed on the leaf miners from the inside out, utterly wiping out a miner infestation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re voracious killers of larvae,” Farr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One leaf miner that Bay Area gardeners might find in their arugula is the larva of a fly called \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em>. It’s related to — and looks a lot like — the fruit fly you might find buzzing around your ripe bananas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But where the common fruit fly in our kitchen sucks the vinegary liquid produced by decaying fruit and plants, \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> flies feed on fresh, bitter-tasting leafy plants like arugula and kale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973525\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1921px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973525\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1921\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920.jpg 1921w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1921px) 100vw, 1921px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> fly sits on an \u003cem>Arabidopsis\u003c/em> leaf at UC Berkeley. Researchers there keep their flies on \u003cem>Arabidopsis\u003c/em> because it is a simple plant that has been studied in detail and is well suited for experiments. And the fly larvae love feeding on its small, soft leaves. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The chemicals that give these leafy greens their bitter taste are precisely their defense mechanism against insects. The characteristic peppery taste that some of us love in arugula is a result of compounds called isothiocyanates, which are toxic to most insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973527\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_tunnels_inside_leaf.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973527\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_tunnels_inside_leaf.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surrounded on all sides by its food, a \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> larva crawls inside its mine. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> flies have evolved to tolerate low levels of these toxic chemicals. As a result, they have the plants practically to themselves. But this comes at a cost. Over the past 14 million years, the flies have had to develop better and better defenses to thwart the plants’ stronger and stronger toxins. Flies and plants are in an “evolutionary arms race” with each other, said \u003ca href=\"http://www.noahwhiteman.org/\">Noah Whiteman\u003c/a>, a professor of evolutionary biology at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Losing one’s footing in the battle means you go extinct,” he said, “so everyone’s running to stay in the same place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whiteman and his colleagues are studying how \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> larvae are able to survive inside leaves that are toxic to other insects. As a biology student at UC Berkeley in 2019, I helped maintain the \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> fly colonies in Whiteman’s lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way in which the flies deal with the plant’s toxic chemicals is by laying their eggs on the parts of the plant that are the least toxic. To do this, female flies perform a taste test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973524\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_finishes_making_hole_w_ovipositor.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973524\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_finishes_making_hole_w_ovipositor.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Before she lays an egg in a leaf, a female \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> fly digs a hole into it to taste the sap. \u003ccite>(Julianne Peláez/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A female fly digs into a leaf using her saw-toothed reproductive organ, called an ovipositor, and makes a hole known as a stipple. Sap pools into the stipple and the fly sucks it up with her mouthparts. She is drinking to feed herself, but also to test how much toxin is in the leaf. If the concentration of toxin isn’t too high, she will lay a single egg in the leaf. If not, she’ll continue sampling on this leaf or move on to a new leaf until she finds one that is suitable for her offspring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_drinks_sap_from_stipple.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_drinks_sap_from_stipple.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female fly samples the sap that’s pooled in the hole she just dug, which is called a stipple. Researchers believe this taste test helps her find the least toxic spot for her offspring. \u003ccite>(Julianne Peláez/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Whiteman looked at which leaves the flies were laying eggs on, he found that the flies chose older leaves, which contain lower levels of toxins compared to new leaves. The plant puts more energy into protecting its new leaves from pests by pumping more toxins into them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because the toxins are expensive to make,” Whiteman said, “the plant invests more in the new leaves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since older leaves deteriorate with age, younger ones are especially valuable. They may become the primary leaves through which the plant transforms the rays of the sun into food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973526\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This larva will have to turn over a new leaf! Often when leaves are small and close to each other, a larva can move to a new one once it has eaten through the first one. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few days after an egg is laid, a larva hatches and begins to tunnel through the leaf. It munches on the abundant plant tissue surrounding it. It grows as it mines along the length of the leaf, eventually reaching the size of a sesame seed, leaving a hollowed-out trail in its path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s best to harvest your leafy greens early, lest the flies beat you to it — unless you’re looking for a little extra protein in your salad.\u003c/p>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"This fly’s larvae tunnel inside bitter-tasting greens like arugula and kale, leaving squiggly marks behind. The plants fight back with toxic chemicals. So before laying her eggs, the fly mom digs into a leaf and slurps its sap – a taste test to find the least toxic spot for her offspring.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704846687,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":28,"wordCount":1358},"headData":{"title":"Leaf Miner Fly Babies Scribble All Over Your Salad | KQED","description":"This fly’s larvae tunnel inside bitter-tasting greens like arugula and kale, leaving squiggly marks behind. The plants fight back with toxic chemicals. So before laying her eggs, the fly mom digs into a leaf and slurps its sap – a taste test to find the least toxic spot for her offspring.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"videoEmbed":"https://youtu.be/QtbjUB4AnLI","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1973500/leaf-miner-fly-babies-scribble-all-over-your-salad","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"dl_subscribe","attributes":{"named":{"label":""},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If you have a green thumb, spring in the Bay Area marks the harvesting of lemons and oranges, onions and garlic, and greens like arugula, kale and mustard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what are those squiggly marks crisscrossing your arugula and lemon tree leaves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973522\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1919px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973522\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1919\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920.jpg 1919w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Mine_in_leaf_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1919px) 100vw, 1919px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The mining from a \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> fly larva leaves a pattern of discoloration in a wild mustard leaf growing at UC Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those curlicues are the work of leaf miners, tiny insect larvae that tunnel through leaves. The mines they carve out might be a whitish tan or light gray. They can be neatly serpentine or converge and have a blotch-like appearance, depending on what insect made them. Many different flies, butterflies and moths lay eggs on the leaves of citrus, vegetables and ornamental plants that grow into leaf miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re ubiquitous in the Bay Area,” said James Farr, a \u003ca href=\"http://acmg.ucanr.edu/Contact_Us/\">master gardener\u003c/a> with Alameda County who answers residents’ home gardening questions. “Every year we have leaf miners on my citrus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mines that appear in May and June on the lemon, lime and orange trees he grows in his home near Pleasanton are created by the larvae of moths that lay their eggs on the citrus leaves. The trails can appear as early as April if the weather is warm enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973581\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973581\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/Jack_Kelly_Clark_UC_I-LP-PCIT-LV.005_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A citrus leaf miner left a trail of poop behind as it ate inside a lemon leaf. \u003ccite>(Jack Kelly Clark/UC Statewide IPM Program)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you were to pull back the outermost layer of a leaf, you’d see a translucent larva about a fourth of an inch long tunneling through the leaf’s spongy layer. Their mines, shiny films with a neat, dark stripe of poop inside, might be the best evidence that moths are living in a garden. Leaf miner adults can be infamously elusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been growing for 20 years,” he said, “and I can’t say that I’ve ever seen the adult moth, just the tracks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaf miners rarely do enough damage to even come close to killing a plant, but they make individual leaves inedible. If given enough time, however, a leaf miner can be particularly damaging to vegetables that are harvested specifically for their leaves. But don’t worry if you mistakenly eat a larva — it won’t make you sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973528\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_tunnels_into_leaf_1.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973528\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_tunnels_into_leaf_1.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Munch, munch, munch … a fly larva begins tunneling into a leaf with its mouthparts. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For leafy greens, which can be grown during most of the year in the Bay Area, miners can show up anytime a plant has enough mature leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among crops that will be ready to harvest in the summer, like tomatoes, beans, chard and squashes, leaf miner larvae may start appearing in late May. The same goes for ornamental plants like verbena, begonias and impatiens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most backyard gardeners only need to remove the damaged leaves by hand. Farr warns against using insecticides on these pests. Since leaf miners are tucked inside the leaf, chemicals aren’t very effective and can hurt beneficial pest predators like wasps, spiders and ladybugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gardeners with a greenhouse or large numbers of plants can use parasitic wasps to control the leaf miners. The female wasp will inject her eggs into the larvae. Once hatched, the young wasps feed on the leaf miners from the inside out, utterly wiping out a miner infestation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re voracious killers of larvae,” Farr said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One leaf miner that Bay Area gardeners might find in their arugula is the larva of a fly called \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em>. It’s related to — and looks a lot like — the fruit fly you might find buzzing around your ripe bananas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But where the common fruit fly in our kitchen sucks the vinegary liquid produced by decaying fruit and plants, \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> flies feed on fresh, bitter-tasting leafy plants like arugula and kale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973525\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1921px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973525\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1921\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920.jpg 1921w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_on_Arabidopsis_leaf_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1921px) 100vw, 1921px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> fly sits on an \u003cem>Arabidopsis\u003c/em> leaf at UC Berkeley. Researchers there keep their flies on \u003cem>Arabidopsis\u003c/em> because it is a simple plant that has been studied in detail and is well suited for experiments. And the fly larvae love feeding on its small, soft leaves. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The chemicals that give these leafy greens their bitter taste are precisely their defense mechanism against insects. The characteristic peppery taste that some of us love in arugula is a result of compounds called isothiocyanates, which are toxic to most insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973527\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_tunnels_inside_leaf.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973527\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_tunnels_inside_leaf.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surrounded on all sides by its food, a \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> larva crawls inside its mine. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> flies have evolved to tolerate low levels of these toxic chemicals. As a result, they have the plants practically to themselves. But this comes at a cost. Over the past 14 million years, the flies have had to develop better and better defenses to thwart the plants’ stronger and stronger toxins. Flies and plants are in an “evolutionary arms race” with each other, said \u003ca href=\"http://www.noahwhiteman.org/\">Noah Whiteman\u003c/a>, a professor of evolutionary biology at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Losing one’s footing in the battle means you go extinct,” he said, “so everyone’s running to stay in the same place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whiteman and his colleagues are studying how \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> larvae are able to survive inside leaves that are toxic to other insects. As a biology student at UC Berkeley in 2019, I helped maintain the \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> fly colonies in Whiteman’s lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way in which the flies deal with the plant’s toxic chemicals is by laying their eggs on the parts of the plant that are the least toxic. To do this, female flies perform a taste test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973524\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_finishes_making_hole_w_ovipositor.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973524\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_finishes_making_hole_w_ovipositor.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Before she lays an egg in a leaf, a female \u003cem>Scaptomyza\u003c/em> fly digs a hole into it to taste the sap. \u003ccite>(Julianne Peláez/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A female fly digs into a leaf using her saw-toothed reproductive organ, called an ovipositor, and makes a hole known as a stipple. Sap pools into the stipple and the fly sucks it up with her mouthparts. She is drinking to feed herself, but also to test how much toxin is in the leaf. If the concentration of toxin isn’t too high, she will lay a single egg in the leaf. If not, she’ll continue sampling on this leaf or move on to a new leaf until she finds one that is suitable for her offspring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_drinks_sap_from_stipple.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_fly_drinks_sap_from_stipple.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female fly samples the sap that’s pooled in the hole she just dug, which is called a stipple. Researchers believe this taste test helps her find the least toxic spot for her offspring. \u003ccite>(Julianne Peláez/UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When Whiteman looked at which leaves the flies were laying eggs on, he found that the flies chose older leaves, which contain lower levels of toxins compared to new leaves. The plant puts more energy into protecting its new leaves from pests by pumping more toxins into them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because the toxins are expensive to make,” Whiteman said, “the plant invests more in the new leaves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since older leaves deteriorate with age, younger ones are especially valuable. They may become the primary leaves through which the plant transforms the rays of the sun into food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1973526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1973526\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/04/DL807_Scaptomyza_larva_on_top_of_leaf_1920-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This larva will have to turn over a new leaf! Often when leaves are small and close to each other, a larva can move to a new one once it has eaten through the first one. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A few days after an egg is laid, a larva hatches and begins to tunnel through the leaf. It munches on the abundant plant tissue surrounding it. It grows as it mines along the length of the leaf, eventually reaching the size of a sesame seed, leaving a hollowed-out trail in its path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s best to harvest your leafy greens early, lest the flies beat you to it — unless you’re looking for a little extra protein in your salad.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1973500/leaf-miner-fly-babies-scribble-all-over-your-salad","authors":["11744"],"series":["science_1935"],"categories":["science_2874","science_40","science_4450","science_86"],"tags":["science_392","science_1120","science_1970"],"featImg":"science_1973502","label":"science_1935"},"science_1964529":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1964529","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1964529","score":null,"sort":[1589837885000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"voting-is-open-to-name-three-peregrine-falcon-chicks-at-cal","title":"Voting Is Open To Name Three Peregrine Falcon Chicks at Cal","publishDate":1589837885,"format":"aside","headTitle":"Voting Is Open To Name Three Peregrine Falcon Chicks at Cal | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k_ghtsndkf4&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Among the finalists in UC Berkeley’s annual competition to name peregrine falcon chicks born atop the Campanile are noteworthy California medical pioneers, iconic state flora, some of the tallest peaks in the Bay Area, and the three spell-casting heroes of Harry Potter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley crowdsourced name ideas using social media accounts set up to promote Annie and Grinnell, the peregrine falcons who made a home on the Campanile in 2016 and began raising chicks there the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In April, two male chicks and one female hatched — every chirp and wing flap captured by Cal Falcon \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/webcams/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">webcams\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the popular live streaming video cameras trained on the falcons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CalFalconCam/status/1262205712689586176?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s pretty much the Chick Show at the tower,” said Sean Peterson, a Berkeley Ph.D. student who runs the \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Cal Falcons social media project\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with Lynn Schofield, in a release. “Annie and Grinnell are both there and keeping their eye on the chicks, but because the chicks aggressively ask for food, even if they’ve eaten, the parents sometimes hide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">You can vote for your favorite names until noon on Tuesday, May 19 \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/names/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/a>; the winner will be announced later in the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Here are more details on the names, from a university \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/05/15/naming-contest-for-uc-berkeleys-peregrine-falcon-chicks-starts-tomorrow/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">release\u003c/span>\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"ul1\">\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Doe, Moffitt and Koshland,\u003c/b> after the campus libraries named for San Francisco financier and philanthropist Charles F. Doe, UC alumnus and Regent James K. Moffitt and immunologist and educator Marian Koshland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Poppy, Sequoia and Redwood\u003c/b>, for the state flower, the perennial California poppy, and the two official state trees. In 1951, to settle confusion over the California Legislature’s decision in 1937 to name the native redwood as the official state tree, California’s attorney general ruled that Sequoia \u003cem>sempervirens\u003c/em> (coast redwood) and \u003cem>Sequoiadendron giganteum\u003c/em> (giant Sequoia) both qualified for the title.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Ron, Harry and Hermione\u003c/b>, good friends in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series. These names received the top vote among suggestions from children.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Hamilton, Tamalpais and Diablo\u003c/b>, after the three main peaks that surround the Bay Area — Mount Tamalpais to the north, in Marin County; Mount Diablo to the east, in the Diablo Range in Contra Costa County; and Mount Hamilton, to the south, in the Diablo Range in Santa Clara County.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Morgan, Scrivner and Diamond\u003c/b>. Several of these names were suggested by multiple people, as Berkeley is celebrating the 150th anniversary of women being admitted to the university. In 1904, alumna and architect Julia Morgan became the first female licensed architect in California; Rosa Scrivner, Cal’s first female graduate, received her Bachelor of Philosophy in agriculture in 1874; and Marian Diamond, a founder of modern neuroscience and the first to show that the brain can change with experience and improve with enrichment. She was a Berkeley professor emerita when she died in 2017.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Hippocrates, Edward and Florence\u003c/b>, for the Greek physician known as the founder of medicine; Dr. Edward Jenner, founder of the field of virology and a pioneer of the smallpox vaccine; and Florence Nightingale, a nurse and social reformer who raised standards for nursing and educating nurses.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"Poppy, Sequoia, and Redwood? Vote for your favorite names until noon on Tuesday, May 19.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847411,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":true,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":3,"wordCount":543},"headData":{"title":"Voting Is Open To Name Three Peregrine Falcon Chicks at Cal | KQED","description":"Poppy, Sequoia, and Redwood? Vote for your favorite names until noon on Tuesday, May 19.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"Animals","sticky":false,"path":"/science/1964529/voting-is-open-to-name-three-peregrine-falcon-chicks-at-cal","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/k_ghtsndkf4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/k_ghtsndkf4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">Among the finalists in UC Berkeley’s annual competition to name peregrine falcon chicks born atop the Campanile are noteworthy California medical pioneers, iconic state flora, some of the tallest peaks in the Bay Area, and the three spell-casting heroes of Harry Potter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley crowdsourced name ideas using social media accounts set up to promote Annie and Grinnell, the peregrine falcons who made a home on the Campanile in 2016 and began raising chicks there the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In April, two male chicks and one female hatched — every chirp and wing flap captured by Cal Falcon \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/webcams/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">webcams\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the popular live streaming video cameras trained on the falcons.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"singleTwitterStatus","attributes":{"named":{"id":"1262205712689586176"},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s pretty much the Chick Show at the tower,” said Sean Peterson, a Berkeley Ph.D. student who runs the \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Cal Falcons social media project\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with Lynn Schofield, in a release. “Annie and Grinnell are both there and keeping their eye on the chicks, but because the chicks aggressively ask for food, even if they’ve eaten, the parents sometimes hide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">You can vote for your favorite names until noon on Tuesday, May 19 \u003ca href=\"https://calfalcons.berkeley.edu/names/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/a>; the winner will be announced later in the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Here are more details on the names, from a university \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2020/05/15/naming-contest-for-uc-berkeleys-peregrine-falcon-chicks-starts-tomorrow/\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">release\u003c/span>\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"ul1\">\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Doe, Moffitt and Koshland,\u003c/b> after the campus libraries named for San Francisco financier and philanthropist Charles F. Doe, UC alumnus and Regent James K. Moffitt and immunologist and educator Marian Koshland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Poppy, Sequoia and Redwood\u003c/b>, for the state flower, the perennial California poppy, and the two official state trees. In 1951, to settle confusion over the California Legislature’s decision in 1937 to name the native redwood as the official state tree, California’s attorney general ruled that Sequoia \u003cem>sempervirens\u003c/em> (coast redwood) and \u003cem>Sequoiadendron giganteum\u003c/em> (giant Sequoia) both qualified for the title.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Ron, Harry and Hermione\u003c/b>, good friends in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series. These names received the top vote among suggestions from children.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Hamilton, Tamalpais and Diablo\u003c/b>, after the three main peaks that surround the Bay Area — Mount Tamalpais to the north, in Marin County; Mount Diablo to the east, in the Diablo Range in Contra Costa County; and Mount Hamilton, to the south, in the Diablo Range in Santa Clara County.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Morgan, Scrivner and Diamond\u003c/b>. Several of these names were suggested by multiple people, as Berkeley is celebrating the 150th anniversary of women being admitted to the university. In 1904, alumna and architect Julia Morgan became the first female licensed architect in California; Rosa Scrivner, Cal’s first female graduate, received her Bachelor of Philosophy in agriculture in 1874; and Marian Diamond, a founder of modern neuroscience and the first to show that the brain can change with experience and improve with enrichment. She was a Berkeley professor emerita when she died in 2017.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli class=\"li5\">\u003cb>Hippocrates, Edward and Florence\u003c/b>, for the Greek physician known as the founder of medicine; Dr. Edward Jenner, founder of the field of virology and a pioneer of the smallpox vaccine; and Florence Nightingale, a nurse and social reformer who raised standards for nursing and educating nurses.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1964529/voting-is-open-to-name-three-peregrine-falcon-chicks-at-cal","authors":["11608"],"categories":["science_2874","science_35","science_40","science_4450"],"tags":["science_1120"],"featImg":"science_1964533","label":"source_science_1964529"},"science_1955893":{"type":"posts","id":"science_1955893","meta":{"index":"posts_1591205157","site":"science","id":"1955893","score":null,"sort":[1579295061000]},"guestAuthors":[],"slug":"thousands-of-dead-birds-washed-up-on-pacific-coast-linked-to-ocean-heat-wave","title":"Thousands of Dead Birds, Washed Up on Pacific Coast, Linked to Ocean Heat Wave","publishDate":1579295061,"format":"standard","headTitle":"Thousands of Dead Birds, Washed Up on Pacific Coast, Linked to Ocean Heat Wave | KQED","labelTerm":{},"content":"\u003cp>David Irons was driving past a beach in Whittier, Alaska, on New Year’s Day four years ago when something caught his eye. It was an endless line of white lumps near the water’s edge—piles of something that shouldn’t be there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were dead sea birds, and the bodies were everywhere. “I just couldn’t believe it,” said Irons, a recently retired biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. “We started counting them, and we just counted a section and we got to 1,500.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, he and his wife, son and a friend found 8,000 dead birds on a beach about a mile long. A dead zone of common murres—a species known for its resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For almost a year, people had been reporting finding dead common murres up and down the Pacific coastline, from California to Alaska. From the summer of 2015 through the spring of 2016, about 62,000 washed ashore, part of a mass species die-off that scientists are attributing to an extreme marine heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955900\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 648px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1955900\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/common-murre-die-off-700_david-irons-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/common-murre-die-off-700_david-irons-1.jpg 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/common-murre-die-off-700_david-irons-1-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Irons found about 8,000 common murres dead on a beach in Whittier, Alaska, in 2016. The ordinarily highly adaptive and resilient birds had starved to death. \u003ccite>(David Irons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226087\">study\u003c/a> published Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, a group of scientists from various state and federal agencies, universities and bird rescue organizations documented the die-off and concluded from the data that it was caused by a record-breaking ocean heat wave in 2014 through 2016 that triggered systemic changes throughout the ocean ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors estimate that 1 million common murres died during the period, an event they called “unprecedented and astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The common murres weren’t the only species to experience mass die-offs during this time—\u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/29052019/puffin-deaths-arctic-climate-change-alaska-wildlife-biodiversity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tufted puffins\u003c/a>\u003c/u>, Cassin’s auklets, sea lions and baleen whales died, too. But what the scientists document is by far the largest die-off, one they say was caused by disturbances rippling across the food web, a result in part of ocean warming from \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/topic/climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">climate change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oceans are warming at a rapidly increasing pace, \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/14012020/ocean-heat-2019-warmest-year-argo-hurricanes-corals-marine-animals-heatwaves\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a study\u003c/a>\u003c/u> published earlier this week showed, and last year registered the hottest ocean temperatures on record. As that heat builds up, it’s having devastating consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I heard the numbers of birds being killed in California and Oregon and Washington and many areas of Alaska, as that unfolded, it was biblical to me,” said John Piatt, a biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey who was the lead author of the new paper on the bird deaths and has been studying common murres for 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bird doesn’t fail unless there aren’t enough high density patches of food to serve their high demand needs. And that’s rare,” Piatt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Death Toll Grows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As reports came in from up and down the Pacific coast, Piatt was perplexed. Common murres are known for their ability to adapt. “Murres are the ultimate predator—they’re extremely well adapted, they can dive to 200 meters, and they live on the Continental Shelf,” he said. “Anywhere along there is their domain. And they’re the fastest flying sea bird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet murres were washing in with the tides—sometimes 10 birds at a time, sometimes 100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Irons’ discovery on New Year’s Day, everything changed, said Julia Parrish, a biologist at the University of Washington who leads the Coastal Observation and Seabird Survey Team and was a co-author of the study. Federal agencies started to get involved and were able to fly along the coastline and send more people to conduct surveys.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1955899 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Common-Murre-Populations.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"770\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Common-Murre-Populations.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Common-Murre-Populations-160x233.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surveys in the Gulf of Alaska conducted by the Interior Department turned up more than 20,000 dead murres, and the public reported 21,435 more to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists reached out to bird and rehabilitation centers from southern California to Alaska and found that, out of 66 that responded, 37 reported receiving injured or dead murres—a total of 3,365 birds. The body count ticked higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Investigation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing the scientists needed to know was whether these deaths indicated a danger for human health. Were the birds carrying a disease? A toxin?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carcasses were shipped to the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, Wisconsin. “They did all sorts of analyses for viral and bacterial diseases, toxins in the tissues,” Parrish said. “We’re trying to eliminate smoking guns. But all of those things—not found. No parasites, nothing we can hang our hat on. But there was lots of emaciation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many of his peers, Piatt was aware that these deaths were happening at the same time that the ocean was experiencing a record high heat wave, exacerbated by a ridge of high pressure on the West Coast that scientists were calling “the Blob.” But still, he wondered, “What could account for a decline in the food supply from California to the Bering Sea all at the same time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get the answer, the scientists started ruling things out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first question: Could the fish that the murres eat have moved elsewhere in response to the warmer water? It’s well understood that fish respond in specific ways when the ocean temperature changes, sometimes moving north, south or deeper down. “But the thing is, murres can go anywhere in a matter of hours,” Piatt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also looked into whether overfishing could be the answer, but that didn’t hold water, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, they investigated whether the fish were surviving from egg to larvae. Some juvenile stock were failing, sure, but not enough to explain the large number of starving birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Piatt kept looking into it, he said he got pushback from some in the field who wanted to know how, in the absence of a clear explanation, he could still believe it was a single event that caused the birds to starve to death. But Piatt said, “There has never been such a thing. You really think that it’s a coincidence that they’re dying down there and dying up here? It’s connected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_centered_medium\">\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>Finally, Some Answers\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_centered_medium\">Piatt began researching how water temperature can change the food supply. He started looking from the bottom up: What were the food sources that the fish were eating? He found that as the water had warmed, phytoplankton and zooplankton, the smallest ocean organisms that provide the base of the food web, had changed.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_centered_medium\">\n\u003cp>“The older, fatter, nutritionally richer zooplankton were replaced by southerly or offshore species that weren’t as big and nutritionally rich,” Piatt said. “This was observed in the Gulf of Alaska and off California and in various studies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Piatt dove into studies that found that when water gets hotter, fish like cod, flounder, pollock and hake respond by increasing their metabolism. “If you turn up the temperature by a couple degrees, they have to double their food intake,” Piatt said. “It’s a huge deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that those fish feed on the same prey as the murres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the murres have an Achilles heel: They have to eat more than half their body mass every day. Based on their normal diet in Alaska, that’s typically 60-120 fatty forage fish every day—double that, if only leaner prey is available. By comparison, cod of similar size to a murre would only need to eat about 0.4-1.5 percent of their body mass per day—just 1 to 3 fatty fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The double-whammy caused by warming waters—less nutritionally rich food sources and more competition for the food available—is what Piatt and his co-authors hypothesize led to the common murres deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If murres can’t fully meet their food demand every day, their body condition begins to decline quickly. “If they can’t find \u003cem>any\u003c/em> food for 3-5 days, they will die of starvation,” the authors write in the new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Caused the Marine Heat Wave\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extreme heat in the ocean from 2014-2016 was a result of several factors. Piatt describes it like a step ladder:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>At the base is the ocean getting warmer due to global warming. Global warming contributed about 25 percent of the warming in the heat wave.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Next, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, a recurring pattern of ocean-atmosphere climate variability that leads to periods of warming in the mid-latitude Pacific—that contributed about 35 percent of the heat.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As part of that, there was a strong El Niño from 2015-2016, which led to warming from California’s coast up to Alaska’s.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“If you remove all those signals you’ll see about a quarter of the heat is still unaccounted for, said Piatt. “That’s the Blob.” The Blob developed when a ridge of high pressure formed over the land on the northwestern coast of North America and blocked airflow from the Pacific to the interior, trapping heat over the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the biggest marine heat wave so far on record,” said Thomas Frölicher, a climate scientist at the University of Bern in Switzerland who was not involved in the new study. “Usually, we are used to heat waves over land. They are much smaller in size, and they do not last as long. In the ocean, this heat wave lasted two or three years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past 35 years, marine heat waves have doubled in frequency, Frölicher said. And as global temperatures continue to rise, they will become even more commonplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we follow a high-greenhouse-gas-emissions scenario, these heat waves will become \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0383-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50 times more frequent\u003c/a> than preindustrial times” by 2100, Frölicher said. A low-emissions scenario, consistent with the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/tags/paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paris climate agreement\u003c/a>, would still see 20 times more heat waves, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What that means is that in some regions, they will become permanent heat waves,” he said. The mass deaths of common murres suggests what that may look like. “This gives us some insight into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n","blocks":[],"excerpt":"A new study unravels the mystery of what caused so many of these normally resilient seabirds to starve amid an ocean heat wave fueled in part by global warming.","status":"publish","parent":0,"modified":1704847891,"stats":{"hasAudio":false,"hasVideo":false,"hasChartOrMap":false,"iframeSrcs":[],"hasGoogleForm":false,"hasGallery":false,"hasHearkenModule":false,"hasPolis":false,"paragraphCount":41,"wordCount":1793},"headData":{"title":"Thousands of Dead Birds, Washed Up on Pacific Coast, Linked to Ocean Heat Wave | KQED","description":"A new study unravels the mystery of what caused so many of these normally resilient seabirds to starve amid an ocean heat wave fueled in part by global warming.","ogTitle":"","ogDescription":"","ogImgId":"","twTitle":"","twDescription":"","twImgId":""},"source":"InsideClimate News","sticky":false,"nprByline":"Sabrina Shankman \u003cbr />InsideClimate News\u003cbr>","path":"/science/1955893/thousands-of-dead-birds-washed-up-on-pacific-coast-linked-to-ocean-heat-wave","audioTrackLength":null,"parsedContent":[{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>David Irons was driving past a beach in Whittier, Alaska, on New Year’s Day four years ago when something caught his eye. It was an endless line of white lumps near the water’s edge—piles of something that shouldn’t be there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were dead sea birds, and the bodies were everywhere. “I just couldn’t believe it,” said Irons, a recently retired biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. “We started counting them, and we just counted a section and we got to 1,500.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, he and his wife, son and a friend found 8,000 dead birds on a beach about a mile long. A dead zone of common murres—a species known for its resilience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For almost a year, people had been reporting finding dead common murres up and down the Pacific coastline, from California to Alaska. From the summer of 2015 through the spring of 2016, about 62,000 washed ashore, part of a mass species die-off that scientists are attributing to an extreme marine heat wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955900\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 648px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1955900\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/common-murre-die-off-700_david-irons-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/common-murre-die-off-700_david-irons-1.jpg 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/common-murre-die-off-700_david-irons-1-160x213.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Irons found about 8,000 common murres dead on a beach in Whittier, Alaska, in 2016. The ordinarily highly adaptive and resilient birds had starved to death. \u003ccite>(David Irons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0226087\">study\u003c/a> published Wednesday in the journal PLOS ONE, a group of scientists from various state and federal agencies, universities and bird rescue organizations documented the die-off and concluded from the data that it was caused by a record-breaking ocean heat wave in 2014 through 2016 that triggered systemic changes throughout the ocean ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"fullwidth"},"numeric":["fullwidth"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors estimate that 1 million common murres died during the period, an event they called “unprecedented and astounding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The common murres weren’t the only species to experience mass die-offs during this time—\u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/29052019/puffin-deaths-arctic-climate-change-alaska-wildlife-biodiversity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tufted puffins\u003c/a>\u003c/u>, Cassin’s auklets, sea lions and baleen whales died, too. But what the scientists document is by far the largest die-off, one they say was caused by disturbances rippling across the food web, a result in part of ocean warming from \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/topic/climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">climate change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oceans are warming at a rapidly increasing pace, \u003cu>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/14012020/ocean-heat-2019-warmest-year-argo-hurricanes-corals-marine-animals-heatwaves\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a study\u003c/a>\u003c/u> published earlier this week showed, and last year registered the hottest ocean temperatures on record. As that heat builds up, it’s having devastating consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I heard the numbers of birds being killed in California and Oregon and Washington and many areas of Alaska, as that unfolded, it was biblical to me,” said John Piatt, a biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey who was the lead author of the new paper on the bird deaths and has been studying common murres for 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bird doesn’t fail unless there aren’t enough high density patches of food to serve their high demand needs. And that’s rare,” Piatt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Death Toll Grows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As reports came in from up and down the Pacific coast, Piatt was perplexed. Common murres are known for their ability to adapt. “Murres are the ultimate predator—they’re extremely well adapted, they can dive to 200 meters, and they live on the Continental Shelf,” he said. “Anywhere along there is their domain. And they’re the fastest flying sea bird.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet murres were washing in with the tides—sometimes 10 birds at a time, sometimes 100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Irons’ discovery on New Year’s Day, everything changed, said Julia Parrish, a biologist at the University of Washington who leads the Coastal Observation and Seabird Survey Team and was a co-author of the study. Federal agencies started to get involved and were able to fly along the coastline and send more people to conduct surveys.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1955899 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Common-Murre-Populations.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"770\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Common-Murre-Populations.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Common-Murre-Populations-160x233.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surveys in the Gulf of Alaska conducted by the Interior Department turned up more than 20,000 dead murres, and the public reported 21,435 more to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists reached out to bird and rehabilitation centers from southern California to Alaska and found that, out of 66 that responded, 37 reported receiving injured or dead murres—a total of 3,365 birds. The body count ticked higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Investigation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first thing the scientists needed to know was whether these deaths indicated a danger for human health. Were the birds carrying a disease? A toxin?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carcasses were shipped to the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Wildlife Health Center in Madison, Wisconsin. “They did all sorts of analyses for viral and bacterial diseases, toxins in the tissues,” Parrish said. “We’re trying to eliminate smoking guns. But all of those things—not found. No parasites, nothing we can hang our hat on. But there was lots of emaciation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many of his peers, Piatt was aware that these deaths were happening at the same time that the ocean was experiencing a record high heat wave, exacerbated by a ridge of high pressure on the West Coast that scientists were calling “the Blob.” But still, he wondered, “What could account for a decline in the food supply from California to the Bering Sea all at the same time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get the answer, the scientists started ruling things out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first question: Could the fish that the murres eat have moved elsewhere in response to the warmer water? It’s well understood that fish respond in specific ways when the ocean temperature changes, sometimes moving north, south or deeper down. “But the thing is, murres can go anywhere in a matter of hours,” Piatt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also looked into whether overfishing could be the answer, but that didn’t hold water, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, they investigated whether the fish were surviving from egg to larvae. Some juvenile stock were failing, sure, but not enough to explain the large number of starving birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}},{"type":"component","content":"","name":"ad","attributes":{"named":{"label":"floatright"},"numeric":["floatright"]}},{"type":"contentString","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Piatt kept looking into it, he said he got pushback from some in the field who wanted to know how, in the absence of a clear explanation, he could still believe it was a single event that caused the birds to starve to death. But Piatt said, “There has never been such a thing. You really think that it’s a coincidence that they’re dying down there and dying up here? It’s connected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_centered_medium\">\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>Finally, Some Answers\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_centered_medium\">Piatt began researching how water temperature can change the food supply. He started looking from the bottom up: What were the food sources that the fish were eating? He found that as the water had warmed, phytoplankton and zooplankton, the smallest ocean organisms that provide the base of the food web, had changed.\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media media-element-container media-image_centered_medium\">\n\u003cp>“The older, fatter, nutritionally richer zooplankton were replaced by southerly or offshore species that weren’t as big and nutritionally rich,” Piatt said. “This was observed in the Gulf of Alaska and off California and in various studies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Piatt dove into studies that found that when water gets hotter, fish like cod, flounder, pollock and hake respond by increasing their metabolism. “If you turn up the temperature by a couple degrees, they have to double their food intake,” Piatt said. “It’s a huge deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out that those fish feed on the same prey as the murres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the murres have an Achilles heel: They have to eat more than half their body mass every day. Based on their normal diet in Alaska, that’s typically 60-120 fatty forage fish every day—double that, if only leaner prey is available. By comparison, cod of similar size to a murre would only need to eat about 0.4-1.5 percent of their body mass per day—just 1 to 3 fatty fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The double-whammy caused by warming waters—less nutritionally rich food sources and more competition for the food available—is what Piatt and his co-authors hypothesize led to the common murres deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If murres can’t fully meet their food demand every day, their body condition begins to decline quickly. “If they can’t find \u003cem>any\u003c/em> food for 3-5 days, they will die of starvation,” the authors write in the new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Caused the Marine Heat Wave\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extreme heat in the ocean from 2014-2016 was a result of several factors. Piatt describes it like a step ladder:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>At the base is the ocean getting warmer due to global warming. Global warming contributed about 25 percent of the warming in the heat wave.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Next, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, a recurring pattern of ocean-atmosphere climate variability that leads to periods of warming in the mid-latitude Pacific—that contributed about 35 percent of the heat.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>As part of that, there was a strong El Niño from 2015-2016, which led to warming from California’s coast up to Alaska’s.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“If you remove all those signals you’ll see about a quarter of the heat is still unaccounted for, said Piatt. “That’s the Blob.” The Blob developed when a ridge of high pressure formed over the land on the northwestern coast of North America and blocked airflow from the Pacific to the interior, trapping heat over the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the biggest marine heat wave so far on record,” said Thomas Frölicher, a climate scientist at the University of Bern in Switzerland who was not involved in the new study. “Usually, we are used to heat waves over land. They are much smaller in size, and they do not last as long. In the ocean, this heat wave lasted two or three years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past 35 years, marine heat waves have doubled in frequency, Frölicher said. And as global temperatures continue to rise, they will become even more commonplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we follow a high-greenhouse-gas-emissions scenario, these heat waves will become \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0383-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">50 times more frequent\u003c/a> than preindustrial times” by 2100, Frölicher said. A low-emissions scenario, consistent with the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/tags/paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paris climate agreement\u003c/a>, would still see 20 times more heat waves, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What that means is that in some regions, they will become permanent heat waves,” he said. The mass deaths of common murres suggests what that may look like. “This gives us some insight into the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>","attributes":{"named":{},"numeric":[]}}],"link":"/science/1955893/thousands-of-dead-birds-washed-up-on-pacific-coast-linked-to-ocean-heat-wave","authors":["byline_science_1955893"],"categories":["science_2874","science_31","science_35"],"tags":["science_1120","science_163","science_194","science_3838","science_4122"],"featImg":"science_1955905","label":"source_science_1955893"}},"programsReducer":{"possible":{"id":"possible","title":"Possible","info":"Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. 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Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />","airtime":"SUN 9pm-10pm","imageSrc":"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/CodeSwitchLifeKit_StationGraphics_300x300EmailGraphic.png","meta":{"site":"radio","source":"npr"},"link":"/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit","subscribe":{"apple":"https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory","google":"https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy","spotify":"https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV","rss":"https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"}},"commonwealth-club":{"id":"commonwealth-club","title":"Commonwealth Club of California Podcast","info":"The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. 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