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"content": "\u003cp>Another rare Colorado River fish has been pulled back from the brink of extinction, the second comeback this year for a species unique to the Southwestern U.S.[contextly_sidebar id=”BYI9mWuVpb9QTHKLbJd6ZDj5GWZscFJ4″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service plans to announce Thursday that it will recommend reclassifying the ancient and odd-looking razorback sucker from endangered to threatened, meaning it is still at risk of extinction, but the danger is no longer immediate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press was briefed on the plans before the official announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of razorbacks once thrived in the Colorado River and its tributaries, which flow across seven states and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1980s they had dwindled to about 100. 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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=21&v=vQ1jnbIX8wA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venomous fangs of a copperhead snake are one thing. But the recent sighting of a rare two-headed snake in Northern Virginia is alarming — and mesmerizing — both social media spectators and scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a Woodbridge resident stumbled upon the young mutant reptile in a neighbor’s yard. “I wanted to look away but couldn’t stop looking at it. Plays trick[s] on the eyes,” Stephanie Myers told \u003cem>USA Today\u003c/em> after finding the snake and posting photos of it to \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10100971479165557&set=a.10100533113229407&type=3&theater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">her Facebook page\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=”If7PKb89y3ARuZNKnaBQ9zxwvHMQTfNG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s even more exceptional is that the snake was discovered alive, according to state herpetologist J.D. Kleopfer, a reptiles and amphibians specialist at the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two-headed copperhead snakes are “extremely rare” to find in the wild, Kleopfer told NPR’s Scott Simon on \u003cem>Weekend Edition \u003c/em>Saturday. Their competing heads often contribute to their short life span. “They can’t coordinate escaping from predators and they can’t coordinate capturing foods, so they tend to not live,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, the rest of the baby viper’s anatomy is shared, Kleopfer says, which means that “both heads are getting the nutrition they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a news release, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlifecenter.org/news_events/news/two-headed-copperhead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wildlife Center of Virginia says \u003c/a>Kleopfer brought the snake to the hospital on Sept. 20 for an examination. X-rays revealed that one head has a more developed esophagus, Kleopfer says, while the other has a more developed throat. “Based on that, we’re just attempting to feed the [left] head,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the left head appears more dominant, the wildlife center adds. “It’s generally more active and responsive to stimulus,” the release reads. “It would be better for the right head to eat, but it may be a challenge since the left head appears more dominant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unusual mutation also prevents the snake’s heads from quarreling with each other over the same food. Instead, Kleopfer says, the separated heads “seemed to be oblivious to each other.”[contextly_sidebar id=”EcqkhIpqtR0RZYt3OixE5LMSv7liOKip”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender is still unknown, but Kleopfer estimates the baby viper to be about 3 weeks old and 6 to 8 inches long. Copperheads typically reach \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/snakes/types.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18 to 36 inches\u003c/a> in length. The scientist says a private keeper who specializes in vipers for zoological facilities is currently caring for the snake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.livescience.com/43641-copperhead-snake.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venomous copperheads\u003c/a> are a fairly common sighting for U.S. residents, especially in the Southeastern United States or in forested, temperate climates. Captive-bred two-headed snakes are slightly more common, he says, “but that’s usually the result of inbreeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kleopfer has been in the field of herpetology for some 30 years. Still, he says, “This is definitely a first” and an “extraordinarily rare” sighting that few of his colleagues have seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hesitates to name the snake, as his goal right now is to keep it alive. If it survives, he says he hopes to donate the snake to a zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the current state of the snake, Kleoper tells in NPR in a follow-up email, “The little guy or girl is doing well. It [has] eaten and pooped, which are excellent signs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Sarah Handel and Viet Le produced and edited the story for broadcast.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+%27Extremely+Rare%27+2-Headed+Snake+Stuns+Social+Media%2C+Charms+Scientists&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A Virginia state herpetologist says finding the mutant copperhead in a resident's yard earlier this month is an \"extraordinarily rare\" occurrence. Even more stunning, he says, is that it is alive.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, the rest of the baby viper’s anatomy is shared, Kleopfer says, which means that “both heads are getting the nutrition they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a news release, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlifecenter.org/news_events/news/two-headed-copperhead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wildlife Center of Virginia says \u003c/a>Kleopfer brought the snake to the hospital on Sept. 20 for an examination. X-rays revealed that one head has a more developed esophagus, Kleopfer says, while the other has a more developed throat. “Based on that, we’re just attempting to feed the [left] head,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the left head appears more dominant, the wildlife center adds. “It’s generally more active and responsive to stimulus,” the release reads. “It would be better for the right head to eat, but it may be a challenge since the left head appears more dominant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unusual mutation also prevents the snake’s heads from quarreling with each other over the same food. Instead, Kleopfer says, the separated heads “seemed to be oblivious to each other.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender is still unknown, but Kleopfer estimates the baby viper to be about 3 weeks old and 6 to 8 inches long. Copperheads typically reach \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/snakes/types.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18 to 36 inches\u003c/a> in length. The scientist says a private keeper who specializes in vipers for zoological facilities is currently caring for the snake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.livescience.com/43641-copperhead-snake.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venomous copperheads\u003c/a> are a fairly common sighting for U.S. residents, especially in the Southeastern United States or in forested, temperate climates. Captive-bred two-headed snakes are slightly more common, he says, “but that’s usually the result of inbreeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kleopfer has been in the field of herpetology for some 30 years. Still, he says, “This is definitely a first” and an “extraordinarily rare” sighting that few of his colleagues have seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hesitates to name the snake, as his goal right now is to keep it alive. If it survives, he says he hopes to donate the snake to a zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the current state of the snake, Kleoper tells in NPR in a follow-up email, “The little guy or girl is doing well. It [has] eaten and pooped, which are excellent signs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Sarah Handel and Viet Le produced and edited the story for broadcast.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+%27Extremely+Rare%27+2-Headed+Snake+Stuns+Social+Media%2C+Charms+Scientists&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Watch a Sea Lion Slap a Kayaker Right Across the Face — With an Octopus",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7m7-_Lo23BI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sea lion smacks a kayaker with an octopus, and the video capturing the unlikely encounter quickly becomes a viral sensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict between man and beasts happened off the coast of New Zealand’s South Island.[contextly_sidebar id=”ghxWvrHRBgGdxjEuWhHZmbAU4Zu46Tqj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taiyo Masuda, Kyle Mulinder and friends were going for a paddle off the coast of Kaikoura. Masuda’s camera follows the sea lion as it zips beneath the ocean’s surface and pops up a couple of feet from Mulinder and flings an octopus his way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whoa!” Masuda shouts, as Mulinder shakes his head and looks back into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure who got more of a surprise: the seal, the octopus, or me,” Mulinder wrote on Instagram in a comment about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BoD3bluhKmS/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly was the sea lion up to?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For answers, we turned to two scientists who know something about what makes sea lions tick: \u003ca href=\"https://pinnipedlab.ucsc.edu/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colleen Reichmuth\u003c/a>, a principal investigator and associate research scientist at the University of Santa Cruz’s Institute of Marine Sciences, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncf.edu/directory/listing/peter-cook/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Cook\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of psychology at the New College of Florida who studies animal cognition and has experience with sea lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, they wanted to make clear that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/pinnipeds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pinniped\u003c/a> in question was indeed a sea lion, not a seal. Cook guesses the star of the show might be a New Zealand sea lion based on the whereabouts, but he couldn’t be completely sure from the video alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions and fur seals belong to the \u003cem>otariid\u003c/em> family and are sometimes called “eared seals.” Unlike true seals, however, they have external ear flaps and big front flippers, which allow them to be more active on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behaviorally, Cook says, sea lions are more outgoing than seals and have a more flexible foraging ecology, meaning that they eat a wider variety of things — crabs, squids, octopuses, really anything they can get a hold of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions also eat their prey in much less predictable ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might be sea lions’ tendency to play that gives them their complex feeding behaviors, Cook says. Sea lions spend anywhere from nine months to two years with their mothers before venturing out on their own. During that period, they are being fed milk by their mother and have a lot of free time, most of which they use to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In animal behavior work, we tend to think of play as a way that an animal learns and sort of preps itself to take on a more complicated set of potential behaviors as an adult,” Cook says.[contextly_sidebar id=”Gnrop7MagV2hqEmaoboJSpKPnbL1GSHZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So was the sea lion just playing with the octopus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to say, Cook says, but it’s possible. “They do like to fiddle with their food, and throwing an octopus around could be pretty fun,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook says he has witnessed sea lions in captivity playing with leftover food after finishing a meal. For half an hour or so, a sea lion might throw a piece of fish up and down, playing catch with itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cook, a sign that this sea lion might have been messing around with the octopus is that after the smacking incident, the sea lion circles back, swimming very slowly. The way it turns and flops its flipper tells Cook that it’s pretty relaxed, and sea lions are not usually relaxed when they’re chasing down food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, sea lions also sometimes throw their food around to make it easier to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth says the video could portray typical sea lion foraging. “The behavior in that video is pretty normal behavior for a sea lion that is feeding on prey that is too big to swallow whole,” Reichmuth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions don’t have grinding teeth, so while they can hold onto a slippery fish or octopus, they can’t chew it well. Instead, they bring the prey to the surface and smash it on the water to break it into bite-size pieces, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth and Cook agree that it is entirely likely a feeding sea lion would have flung the octopus out of the water and smashed it on the surface, whether the kayakers had been there or not.[contextly_sidebar id=”dlYACemdcmpxPqxXZvRyxsQp0WHMXDPO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions typically regard humans with indifference. “They definitely will approach people and look at them, but they mostly just do their own thing,” Cook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s unlikely the sea lion was using the octopus as a weapon to fight the humans, according to Cook. “The idea of a sea lion hitting a person aggressively with an object — I’ve never heard of that happening. I’d be very surprised,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though sea lions can be indifferent toward humans, it doesn’t mean they can’t be bugged by us, Reichmuth says. “Sea lions are playful animals, but that doesn’t mean they’re not disturbed by the presence of people,” she says, especially when they are carrying out biologically important activities like foraging for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kayakers, she says, most likely paddled into an area where the sea lion was feeding, putting them in the line of fire. “You see the animal surface a few times, so [the kayakers] probably were not where they should have been, maybe a little too close to feeding animals,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This makes her think that while the video is entertaining, it also evokes a larger issue: the encroachment of people into wildlife areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common courtesy for wildlife, she says, is to stay well away from the “threshold of response,” which is when animals alter their behavior because of human presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, though, it’s hard to know with certainty what the now world famous sea lion was doing with the octopus, or if its behavior was affected by the kayakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anytime someone witnesses a novel sea lion behavior, or the unexpected actions of any behaviorally flexible animal, Cook says, there’s often speculation about why it might have done it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frequently people observe sea lions doing new things that we did not know they could do,” Cook says. “There are always a lot of questions, and we make our best guess. But, yeah, they can surprise you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel D. Cohen is an intern on NPR’s Science Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Did+An+Octopus-Wielding+Sea+Lion+Slap+A+Kayaker+In+The+Face%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure who got more of a surprise: the seal, the octopus, or me,” Mulinder wrote on Instagram in a comment about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BoD3bluhKmS/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly was the sea lion up to?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For answers, we turned to two scientists who know something about what makes sea lions tick: \u003ca href=\"https://pinnipedlab.ucsc.edu/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colleen Reichmuth\u003c/a>, a principal investigator and associate research scientist at the University of Santa Cruz’s Institute of Marine Sciences, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncf.edu/directory/listing/peter-cook/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Cook\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of psychology at the New College of Florida who studies animal cognition and has experience with sea lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, they wanted to make clear that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/pinnipeds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pinniped\u003c/a> in question was indeed a sea lion, not a seal. Cook guesses the star of the show might be a New Zealand sea lion based on the whereabouts, but he couldn’t be completely sure from the video alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions and fur seals belong to the \u003cem>otariid\u003c/em> family and are sometimes called “eared seals.” Unlike true seals, however, they have external ear flaps and big front flippers, which allow them to be more active on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behaviorally, Cook says, sea lions are more outgoing than seals and have a more flexible foraging ecology, meaning that they eat a wider variety of things — crabs, squids, octopuses, really anything they can get a hold of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions also eat their prey in much less predictable ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might be sea lions’ tendency to play that gives them their complex feeding behaviors, Cook says. Sea lions spend anywhere from nine months to two years with their mothers before venturing out on their own. During that period, they are being fed milk by their mother and have a lot of free time, most of which they use to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In animal behavior work, we tend to think of play as a way that an animal learns and sort of preps itself to take on a more complicated set of potential behaviors as an adult,” Cook says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So was the sea lion just playing with the octopus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to say, Cook says, but it’s possible. “They do like to fiddle with their food, and throwing an octopus around could be pretty fun,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook says he has witnessed sea lions in captivity playing with leftover food after finishing a meal. For half an hour or so, a sea lion might throw a piece of fish up and down, playing catch with itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cook, a sign that this sea lion might have been messing around with the octopus is that after the smacking incident, the sea lion circles back, swimming very slowly. The way it turns and flops its flipper tells Cook that it’s pretty relaxed, and sea lions are not usually relaxed when they’re chasing down food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, sea lions also sometimes throw their food around to make it easier to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth says the video could portray typical sea lion foraging. “The behavior in that video is pretty normal behavior for a sea lion that is feeding on prey that is too big to swallow whole,” Reichmuth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions don’t have grinding teeth, so while they can hold onto a slippery fish or octopus, they can’t chew it well. Instead, they bring the prey to the surface and smash it on the water to break it into bite-size pieces, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth and Cook agree that it is entirely likely a feeding sea lion would have flung the octopus out of the water and smashed it on the surface, whether the kayakers had been there or not.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions typically regard humans with indifference. “They definitely will approach people and look at them, but they mostly just do their own thing,” Cook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s unlikely the sea lion was using the octopus as a weapon to fight the humans, according to Cook. “The idea of a sea lion hitting a person aggressively with an object — I’ve never heard of that happening. I’d be very surprised,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though sea lions can be indifferent toward humans, it doesn’t mean they can’t be bugged by us, Reichmuth says. “Sea lions are playful animals, but that doesn’t mean they’re not disturbed by the presence of people,” she says, especially when they are carrying out biologically important activities like foraging for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kayakers, she says, most likely paddled into an area where the sea lion was feeding, putting them in the line of fire. “You see the animal surface a few times, so [the kayakers] probably were not where they should have been, maybe a little too close to feeding animals,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This makes her think that while the video is entertaining, it also evokes a larger issue: the encroachment of people into wildlife areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common courtesy for wildlife, she says, is to stay well away from the “threshold of response,” which is when animals alter their behavior because of human presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, though, it’s hard to know with certainty what the now world famous sea lion was doing with the octopus, or if its behavior was affected by the kayakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anytime someone witnesses a novel sea lion behavior, or the unexpected actions of any behaviorally flexible animal, Cook says, there’s often speculation about why it might have done it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frequently people observe sea lions doing new things that we did not know they could do,” Cook says. “There are always a lot of questions, and we make our best guess. But, yeah, they can surprise you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel D. Cohen is an intern on NPR’s Science Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Did+An+Octopus-Wielding+Sea+Lion+Slap+A+Kayaker+In+The+Face%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]As California enters the winter rainy season, at least one transplant won’t be disappointed to see a change in the weather. West Coast rain is just fine for the house centipede, a guest from the Mediterranean that favors the dark, humid corners of people’s homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not to be confused with their herbivorous cousins the millipedes, centipedes are aggressive predators that use venom to subdue their prey. Even though they are often targeted for pest control, centipedes are some of nature’s best exterminators, emerging by night from their crevices to feed on cockroaches, flies, bedbugs, crickets, spiders and snails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931377 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House centipedes live in the dark, moist corners of people’s homes. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everyone thinks they bite,” said Orin McMonigle, author of the book “Centipedes in Captivity.” “But I’ve held them in my hand a million times and they’ve never bitten me. They can’t get through your skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recognizable for their striking (some might say, repulsive) starburst-like shape, house centipedes have far fewer than the 100 legs their name suggests. They’re born with a modest eight, a count that grows to 30 as they reach adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house centipede’s legs get progressively longer toward the rear, which creates its characteristic outline and keeps them from getting tangled when they are running fast. And they can run fast — about 16 inches a second, which is pound for pound about the same as a human running 42 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1931378\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517_cent_on_white_walksthru_720.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The house centipede’s legs coordinate to avoid getting tangled when it runs. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If 30 legs sound like more than one critter really needs — perhaps it is. Over the last 450 million years or so, when centipedes split off from other arthropods, evolution has turned some of those walking limbs into other useful and versatile tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically arthropods are Swiss army knives,” said Greg Edgecombe, a paleontologist who specializes in centipedes at the Natural History Museum, London. “They differentiate the legs for different functions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it hunts, for example, the house centipede uses its legs as a rope to restrain prey in a tactic called “lassoing.” The tip of each leg is so finely segmented and flexible that it can coil around its victim to prevent escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931384\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931384 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517_cent_catches_cricket_720.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A house centipede catches its prey, like this cricket, with its ropelike legs. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The centipede’s venom-injecting fangs, called forciples, are also modified legs. Though shorter and thicker than the walking limbs, they are multijointed , which makes them far more dexterous than the fangs of insects and spiders, which hinge in only one plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of this dexterity, the centipede’s forciples not only inject venom, but also hold prey in place while the centipede feeds. Then they take a turn as a grooming tool. The centipede passes its legs through the forciples to clean and lubricate their sensory hairs. “All those hairs need to be kept clean, so they groom pretty regularly,” said Edgecombe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’re methodical about it. “They groom down one side of the body and then the other,” he added. “When you interrupt them, they pick up where they left off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New research from scientists in Germany has identified another way the house centipede may be repurposing some of its many limbs, this time at the other end of the body. The research focuses on the critter’s hindmost legs, which rival its frontal antennae in length.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931380\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1931380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A house centipede grooms its leg with its forciples. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long noticed that because of their length and the fact that the centipede holds them aloft when it walks, these back legs give the appearance of a second pair of antennae. The house centipede looks like it has two heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In evolution, when an animal imitates itself, it’s called automimicry. Automimicry occurs in some fish, birds and butterflies, and usually serves to divert predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research suggests that’s not the whole story with the house centipede. When Andy Sombke and Matthes Kenning from the University of Greifswald turned an electron microscope on the centipede’s legs, they found as many sensory hairs, or sensilla, on them as on the antennae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked whether these legs represented some kind of antennae at the back or the end of the body,” said Sombke by email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931382\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1931382\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The house centipede’s back legs rival its front antennae in length. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The presence of so many sensory hairs suggests the centipede’s long back legs are not merely dummies used in a defensive ploy but serve a special function, possibly in mate selection. During courtship, both the male and female house centipede slowly raise and lower their antennae and back legs, followed by mutual tapping and probing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do this whole ritual dance,” said Randy Mercurio, who runs Centipede Venom Pharm, a North Carolina-based firm that cultivates the venom of centipedes for scientific and medical research. The pairing is difficult to observe, he notes, because house centipedes are highly cannibalistic. His advice to anyone attempting to mate them: “Make sure they’re well fed.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As California enters the winter rainy season, at least one transplant won’t be disappointed to see a change in the weather. West Coast rain is just fine for the house centipede, a guest from the Mediterranean that favors the dark, humid corners of people’s homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not to be confused with their herbivorous cousins the millipedes, centipedes are aggressive predators that use venom to subdue their prey. Even though they are often targeted for pest control, centipedes are some of nature’s best exterminators, emerging by night from their crevices to feed on cockroaches, flies, bedbugs, crickets, spiders and snails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931377 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House centipedes live in the dark, moist corners of people’s homes. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everyone thinks they bite,” said Orin McMonigle, author of the book “Centipedes in Captivity.” “But I’ve held them in my hand a million times and they’ve never bitten me. They can’t get through your skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recognizable for their striking (some might say, repulsive) starburst-like shape, house centipedes have far fewer than the 100 legs their name suggests. They’re born with a modest eight, a count that grows to 30 as they reach adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house centipede’s legs get progressively longer toward the rear, which creates its characteristic outline and keeps them from getting tangled when they are running fast. And they can run fast — about 16 inches a second, which is pound for pound about the same as a human running 42 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1931378\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517_cent_on_white_walksthru_720.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The house centipede’s legs coordinate to avoid getting tangled when it runs. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If 30 legs sound like more than one critter really needs — perhaps it is. Over the last 450 million years or so, when centipedes split off from other arthropods, evolution has turned some of those walking limbs into other useful and versatile tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically arthropods are Swiss army knives,” said Greg Edgecombe, a paleontologist who specializes in centipedes at the Natural History Museum, London. “They differentiate the legs for different functions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it hunts, for example, the house centipede uses its legs as a rope to restrain prey in a tactic called “lassoing.” The tip of each leg is so finely segmented and flexible that it can coil around its victim to prevent escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931384\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931384 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517_cent_catches_cricket_720.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A house centipede catches its prey, like this cricket, with its ropelike legs. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The centipede’s venom-injecting fangs, called forciples, are also modified legs. Though shorter and thicker than the walking limbs, they are multijointed , which makes them far more dexterous than the fangs of insects and spiders, which hinge in only one plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of this dexterity, the centipede’s forciples not only inject venom, but also hold prey in place while the centipede feeds. Then they take a turn as a grooming tool. The centipede passes its legs through the forciples to clean and lubricate their sensory hairs. “All those hairs need to be kept clean, so they groom pretty regularly,” said Edgecombe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’re methodical about it. “They groom down one side of the body and then the other,” he added. “When you interrupt them, they pick up where they left off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New research from scientists in Germany has identified another way the house centipede may be repurposing some of its many limbs, this time at the other end of the body. The research focuses on the critter’s hindmost legs, which rival its frontal antennae in length.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931380\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1931380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A house centipede grooms its leg with its forciples. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long noticed that because of their length and the fact that the centipede holds them aloft when it walks, these back legs give the appearance of a second pair of antennae. The house centipede looks like it has two heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In evolution, when an animal imitates itself, it’s called automimicry. Automimicry occurs in some fish, birds and butterflies, and usually serves to divert predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research suggests that’s not the whole story with the house centipede. When Andy Sombke and Matthes Kenning from the University of Greifswald turned an electron microscope on the centipede’s legs, they found as many sensory hairs, or sensilla, on them as on the antennae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked whether these legs represented some kind of antennae at the back or the end of the body,” said Sombke by email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931382\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1931382\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The house centipede’s back legs rival its front antennae in length. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The presence of so many sensory hairs suggests the centipede’s long back legs are not merely dummies used in a defensive ploy but serve a special function, possibly in mate selection. During courtship, both the male and female house centipede slowly raise and lower their antennae and back legs, followed by mutual tapping and probing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do this whole ritual dance,” said Randy Mercurio, who runs Centipede Venom Pharm, a North Carolina-based firm that cultivates the venom of centipedes for scientific and medical research. The pairing is difficult to observe, he notes, because house centipedes are highly cannibalistic. His advice to anyone attempting to mate them: “Make sure they’re well fed.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Underwater Microphones Help Scientists Spy On Reef Life",
"headTitle": "Underwater Microphones Help Scientists Spy On Reef Life | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A North Carolina State University researcher is using underwater microphones to help better understand the extensive array of animals living in the state’s oyster reefs.[contextly_sidebar id=”ZC45omcCigt2eDTslGOhMKPIoIMIR0rf”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1600s, oysters reefs were so robust in U.S. waterways that they created a hazard for ships. But centuries of harvesting the delicious bivalve have decimated these reefs, which serve as breeding grounds for future oysters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why nearly every U.S. state with a coastline has a program to rebuild oyster reefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality’s division of marine fisheries uses barges to haul massive piles of spent oyster shells and other hard materials, like granite marl and concrete, to reef sites in Pamlico Sound. They then use large water cannons to blow it all off the deck and into the shallow, sandy waters. The shells and other materials provide habitat for oyster larvae to attach to, so they can grow and be harvested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fisheries division knows the reef program is good for the state’s $2.4 million oyster industry. But it’s still unclear what the larger impact of these reefs are in terms of increasing biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s what we call data gaps,” says Jason Peters, supervisor for the state’s oyster sanctuary program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Carolina State University Ph.D. student Olivia Caretti is hoping to fill in some of those gaps by using a relatively new method for monitoring aquatic life with underwater microphones, known as hydrophones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a little compact torpedo-looking thing about the size of your hand,” Caretti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is using these hydrophones to document which animals, other than oysters, use these reefs. And what she’s found so far has been enlightening.[contextly_sidebar id=”yDkwligKl4dNhznN1HUpv9fzSZtLvIhW”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unstructured muddy bottom in Pamlico Sound, with no oyster reef, is mostly low frequency audio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only sounds you hear are either water movements or low frequency fish calls,” Caretti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life on an oyster reef sounds a lot different. It has plenty of low-frequency fish calls, but also a lot of high-frequency invertebrate activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can hear some grunts and knocking sounds. Those are certain types of fish,” Caretti says. “You can also hear a lot of snaps from the snapping shrimp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caretti has been recording for two years and has more audio than she could ever listen to. She does most of her analysis by using spectrograms, which are visual representations of the audio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The spectrograms are helpful,” Caretti says, “because a lot of frequencies we record are inaudible to the human ear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caretti also uses traditional methods for monitoring oyster reefs, like trapping fish. But these techniques can be invasive and can only obtain brief snapshots of life on the reef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By recording around the clock, Caretti can document which species of fish and invertebrates use these reefs and why. For instance, she’s learned oyster toadfish hoping to meet a mate use the reef like a singles bar.[contextly_sidebar id=”KuW9EzFkH4AESRjlJ3s7f8lIYcEhWIDj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re communicating with each other and also with females of that species,” she says while listening to scores of oyster toadfish honking in a cacophonous chorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caretti has been tracking the change in biodiversity in these habitats over time and has found that shell reefs attract more aquatic life than reefs made out of granite marl or concrete. This could suggest it’s more valuable to dump shells into the water rather than other materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caretti’s findings are still preliminary, but they come at a good time. The North Carolina Coastal Federation announced in August that it wants to grow the state’s oyster industry by more than 10 times by 2030, from $2.4 million to $30 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while that might be music to the ears of fishermen, it’ll sound a whole lot different when heard through a hydrophone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to \u003ca href=\"http://www.wunc.org/post/underwater-microphones-help-researchers-understand-what-lives-north-carolinas-oyster-reefs#stream/0\">audio\u003c/a> of this story, which comes to us from member station \u003ca href=\"http://wunc.org/\">WUNC\u003c/a> in North Carolina. James Morrison is an environment and food writer in Chapel Hill, N.C. You can follow him on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jcmorrisn?lang=en\">@JCMorrisn\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NCPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/\">NCPR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+World+Of+An+Oyster%3A+Scientists+Are+Using+Microphones+To+Spy+On+Reef+Life&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Reefs are being rebuilt along U.S. coastlines, which is good for the oyster. But how does it affect other underwater life? Researchers are listening to find out what animals use the reefs and why.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A North Carolina State University researcher is using underwater microphones to help better understand the extensive array of animals living in the state’s oyster reefs.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1600s, oysters reefs were so robust in U.S. waterways that they created a hazard for ships. But centuries of harvesting the delicious bivalve have decimated these reefs, which serve as breeding grounds for future oysters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why nearly every U.S. state with a coastline has a program to rebuild oyster reefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality’s division of marine fisheries uses barges to haul massive piles of spent oyster shells and other hard materials, like granite marl and concrete, to reef sites in Pamlico Sound. They then use large water cannons to blow it all off the deck and into the shallow, sandy waters. The shells and other materials provide habitat for oyster larvae to attach to, so they can grow and be harvested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fisheries division knows the reef program is good for the state’s $2.4 million oyster industry. But it’s still unclear what the larger impact of these reefs are in terms of increasing biodiversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s what we call data gaps,” says Jason Peters, supervisor for the state’s oyster sanctuary program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Carolina State University Ph.D. student Olivia Caretti is hoping to fill in some of those gaps by using a relatively new method for monitoring aquatic life with underwater microphones, known as hydrophones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like a little compact torpedo-looking thing about the size of your hand,” Caretti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is using these hydrophones to document which animals, other than oysters, use these reefs. And what she’s found so far has been enlightening.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unstructured muddy bottom in Pamlico Sound, with no oyster reef, is mostly low frequency audio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only sounds you hear are either water movements or low frequency fish calls,” Caretti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life on an oyster reef sounds a lot different. It has plenty of low-frequency fish calls, but also a lot of high-frequency invertebrate activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can hear some grunts and knocking sounds. Those are certain types of fish,” Caretti says. “You can also hear a lot of snaps from the snapping shrimp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caretti has been recording for two years and has more audio than she could ever listen to. She does most of her analysis by using spectrograms, which are visual representations of the audio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The spectrograms are helpful,” Caretti says, “because a lot of frequencies we record are inaudible to the human ear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caretti also uses traditional methods for monitoring oyster reefs, like trapping fish. But these techniques can be invasive and can only obtain brief snapshots of life on the reef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By recording around the clock, Caretti can document which species of fish and invertebrates use these reefs and why. For instance, she’s learned oyster toadfish hoping to meet a mate use the reef like a singles bar.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re communicating with each other and also with females of that species,” she says while listening to scores of oyster toadfish honking in a cacophonous chorus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caretti has been tracking the change in biodiversity in these habitats over time and has found that shell reefs attract more aquatic life than reefs made out of granite marl or concrete. This could suggest it’s more valuable to dump shells into the water rather than other materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caretti’s findings are still preliminary, but they come at a good time. The North Carolina Coastal Federation announced in August that it wants to grow the state’s oyster industry by more than 10 times by 2030, from $2.4 million to $30 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while that might be music to the ears of fishermen, it’ll sound a whole lot different when heard through a hydrophone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to \u003ca href=\"http://www.wunc.org/post/underwater-microphones-help-researchers-understand-what-lives-north-carolinas-oyster-reefs#stream/0\">audio\u003c/a> of this story, which comes to us from member station \u003ca href=\"http://wunc.org/\">WUNC\u003c/a> in North Carolina. James Morrison is an environment and food writer in Chapel Hill, N.C. You can follow him on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jcmorrisn?lang=en\">@JCMorrisn\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NCPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/\">NCPR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+World+Of+An+Oyster%3A+Scientists+Are+Using+Microphones+To+Spy+On+Reef+Life&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"dtTitle\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"dtTitleContainer\">\n\u003cp>A female killer whale is still clinging to her dead calf more than two weeks after her newborn died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The endangered orca, given the name Tahlequah, gave birth on July 24 and the calf died shortly afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The mother has been keeping its body afloat ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Milstein, a spokesman with NOAA Fisheries, says researchers on Wednesday spotted the 20-year-old whale known as J35 carrying her dead young off the tip of Washington’s Olympic Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image of the mother whale clinging to the dead calf has struck an emotional chord worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1929259\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1200x796.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1920x1274.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1180x783.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-960x637.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milstein says researchers with Fisheries and Ocean Canada also spotted another member of the same pod — the 3 ½-year old whale J50 that is emaciated. The ailing orca was swimming with her mom Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of experts led by NOAA Fisheries have been searching for the young whale to assess her health and potentially give her medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Biologists are ready to feed the malnourished whale fresh salmon along with antibiotics to treat an infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleIcons\">\u003cem>NPR contributed to this report. See\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/search?query=orca&page=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> here\u003c/a> for more of NPR’s coverage on the endangered orcas. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists are touting the first sighting of a hybrid between a melon-headed whale and a rough-toothed dolphin in the ocean off Hawaii. But don’t call it a “wholphin,” they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The melon-headed whale is one of the various species that’s called a whale but is technically a dolphin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Calling it something like a wholphin doesn’t make any sense,” said one of the study’s authors, Robin Baird, a Hawaii research biologist with Washington state-based Cascadia Research Collective. “I think calling it a wholphin just confuses the situation more than it already is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a study published last week, scientists say the animal spotted off the island of Kauai in August 2017 appears to be the first record of a hybrid involving either species. It’s also only the third confirmed instance of a wild-born hybrid between species in the Delphinidae family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The label “wholphin” has stuck for a hybrid born in 1985 at Hawaii’s Sea Life Park of a false killer whale and an Atlantic bottle-nose dolphin. The hybrid named Kekaimalu still lives at the marine mammal park, where she helps teach children about genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1928356\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some news organization have described the melon-headed whale and rough-toothed dolphin hybrid as a new species, in order for that to happen other things need to occur, including more widespread hybridization, Baird said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That isn’t the case, although there are examples where hybridization has resulted in a new species,” he said. “There’s no evidence to suggest it’s leading toward anything like species formation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male hybrid presents an opportunity to look for others. Hybrids generally occur when there’s a decline in the population in one of the parental species, so scientists will be looking out for such a decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A likely scenario for how the hybrid came to be is a melon-headed whale getting separated from its group and ending up traveling with rough-toothed dolphins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know how old it is, but believe it’s close to adult age.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists are touting the first sighting of a hybrid between a melon-headed whale and a rough-toothed dolphin in the ocean off Hawaii. But don’t call it a “wholphin,” they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The melon-headed whale is one of the various species that’s called a whale but is technically a dolphin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Calling it something like a wholphin doesn’t make any sense,” said one of the study’s authors, Robin Baird, a Hawaii research biologist with Washington state-based Cascadia Research Collective. “I think calling it a wholphin just confuses the situation more than it already is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a study published last week, scientists say the animal spotted off the island of Kauai in August 2017 appears to be the first record of a hybrid involving either species. It’s also only the third confirmed instance of a wild-born hybrid between species in the Delphinidae family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The label “wholphin” has stuck for a hybrid born in 1985 at Hawaii’s Sea Life Park of a false killer whale and an Atlantic bottle-nose dolphin. The hybrid named Kekaimalu still lives at the marine mammal park, where she helps teach children about genetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1928356\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/Hybrid_foreground_2017AUG11_D37_KAW_1023_CR-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some news organization have described the melon-headed whale and rough-toothed dolphin hybrid as a new species, in order for that to happen other things need to occur, including more widespread hybridization, Baird said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That isn’t the case, although there are examples where hybridization has resulted in a new species,” he said. “There’s no evidence to suggest it’s leading toward anything like species formation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male hybrid presents an opportunity to look for others. Hybrids generally occur when there’s a decline in the population in one of the parental species, so scientists will be looking out for such a decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A likely scenario for how the hybrid came to be is a melon-headed whale getting separated from its group and ending up traveling with rough-toothed dolphins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know how old it is, but believe it’s close to adult age.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Drought Forces Emergency Measures for West’s Wild Horses",
"headTitle": "Drought Forces Emergency Measures for West’s Wild Horses | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Harsh drought conditions in parts of the American West are pushing wild horses to the brink and spurring extreme measures to protect them.[contextly_sidebar id=”379rul4CCWTTtfuuUOOat8RYjrQXPtgj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For what they say is the first time, volunteer groups in Arizona and Colorado are hauling thousands of gallons of water and truckloads of food to remote grazing grounds where springs have run dry and vegetation has disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal land managers also have begun emergency roundups in desert areas of Utah and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-0\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen it like this,” said Simone Netherlands, president of the Arizona-based Salt River Wild Horse Management Group. In May, dozens of horses were found dead on the edge of a dried-up watering hole in northeastern Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As spring turned to summer, drought conditions turned from bad to worse, Netherlands said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico are under the most severe category of drought, though extreme conditions are present from California to Missouri, government analysts say. Parts of the region have witnessed some of the driest conditions on record, amid a cycle of high temperatures and low snowmelt that appears to be getting worse, National Weather Service hydrologist Brian McInerney said.[contextly_sidebar id=”Y0Z2soLZvO63Ov2YyYfy3w0v3pk23Gme”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dry conditions have fed wildfires that have destroyed hundreds of buildings across the West. This month, a firefighter was killed battling a blaze near California’s Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Bureau of Land Management — which oversees vast expanses of public land, mostly in the West — says the problem facing wild horses stems from overpopulation aggravated by severe drought. The region is home to roughly 67,000 wild horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re always going to have drought issues. That’s a common thing out on the range,” agency spokesman Jason Lutterman said. “What really exacerbates things is when we’re already over population, because then you already have resource issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s emergency roundup in western Utah began a week ago, aiming to remove roughly 250 wild horses from a population of approximately 670. The operation is expected to take several weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the horses are rounded up, the government gives them veterinary treatment and offers them for sale or adoption. Those that aren’t sold or adopted are transferred to privately contracted corrals and pastures for the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-1\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>A similar emergency roundup began this month in central Nevada, where officials said some horses in a herd of 2,100 could die from lack of water in coming weeks. The operation was quickly halted, ironically because of extreme rain, but will likely resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ground’s so dry it’s not absorbing that water. It’s running off,” bureau spokeswoman Jenny Lesieutre said.[contextly_sidebar id=”YPNMW5lsM9BqOp0ptXpDFtGygxdwavxH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers are also taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since late spring, Netherlands’s Salt River group has hauled hay to a dozen locations outside Phoenix to feed a herd of starving wild horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 200 miles (320 kilometers) north, a couple near Gray Mountain, on the Navajo Nation, have spearheaded an effort to leave water and food for horses they say would die without human intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In western Colorado, volunteers say they’re preparing to bring up to 5,000 gallons (18,900 liters) of water per day to a herd of 750 desperate horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Springs are drying up that have never dried up,” said Cindy Wright, co-founder of Colorado conservation group Wild Horse Warriors for Sand Wash Basin. Horses in the area stalk the dry earth with their ribs exposed, desperate for a drop, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wild horse advocates have balked at the Bureau of Land Management’s insistence that wild horse populations are too high. Critics say the agency is using dry conditions as a smoke screen to shrink horse populations in response to pressure from ranchers whose livestock compete with the horses for grazing land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do have a concern about the larger numbers that they’re pulling off, and then a bigger concern about the BLM under this administration using all kinds of excuses to pull off horses,” said Suzanne Roy, executive director of the American Wild Horse Campaign, an advocacy organization.[contextly_sidebar id=”pEcEtyv2A4p8aGKApOSfyflGrNFhsQZC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is prohibited from euthanizing the wild horses it rounds up, though President Donald Trump has proposed allowing the animals to be killed or sold for slaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists in Nevada held a rally last Tuesday at the bureau’s state headquarters in Reno to protest a planned roundup later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics want the government to instead use birth control to manage wild horse populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau says the fertility treatment, which must be administered yearly and fired from a dart gun at close range, is too difficult for use except in certain cases where herds are easy to approach and have markings that make horses distinguishable from one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the long-term answer, volunteers say their efforts can’t go on forever. Trucking in water and food could cost several thousand dollars per month and make horses overly dependent on humans, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t have a very good fall with a lot of rain — and it’s also warm so that our fall vegetation grows — we’re going to lose horses,” Wright said.\u003cbr>\n___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writers Felicia Fonseca in Flagstaff, Arizona, and Scott Sonner in Reno, Nevada, contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_34814 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_34814\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_34814\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Harsh drought conditions in parts of the American West are pushing wild horses to the brink and spurring extreme measures to protect them.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For what they say is the first time, volunteer groups in Arizona and Colorado are hauling thousands of gallons of water and truckloads of food to remote grazing grounds where springs have run dry and vegetation has disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal land managers also have begun emergency roundups in desert areas of Utah and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-0\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003cp>“We’ve never seen it like this,” said Simone Netherlands, president of the Arizona-based Salt River Wild Horse Management Group. In May, dozens of horses were found dead on the edge of a dried-up watering hole in northeastern Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As spring turned to summer, drought conditions turned from bad to worse, Netherlands said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico are under the most severe category of drought, though extreme conditions are present from California to Missouri, government analysts say. Parts of the region have witnessed some of the driest conditions on record, amid a cycle of high temperatures and low snowmelt that appears to be getting worse, National Weather Service hydrologist Brian McInerney said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dry conditions have fed wildfires that have destroyed hundreds of buildings across the West. This month, a firefighter was killed battling a blaze near California’s Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Bureau of Land Management — which oversees vast expanses of public land, mostly in the West — says the problem facing wild horses stems from overpopulation aggravated by severe drought. The region is home to roughly 67,000 wild horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re always going to have drought issues. That’s a common thing out on the range,” agency spokesman Jason Lutterman said. “What really exacerbates things is when we’re already over population, because then you already have resource issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency’s emergency roundup in western Utah began a week ago, aiming to remove roughly 250 wild horses from a population of approximately 670. The operation is expected to take several weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the horses are rounded up, the government gives them veterinary treatment and offers them for sale or adoption. Those that aren’t sold or adopted are transferred to privately contracted corrals and pastures for the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-1\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>A similar emergency roundup began this month in central Nevada, where officials said some horses in a herd of 2,100 could die from lack of water in coming weeks. The operation was quickly halted, ironically because of extreme rain, but will likely resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ground’s so dry it’s not absorbing that water. It’s running off,” bureau spokeswoman Jenny Lesieutre said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers are also taking action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since late spring, Netherlands’s Salt River group has hauled hay to a dozen locations outside Phoenix to feed a herd of starving wild horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly 200 miles (320 kilometers) north, a couple near Gray Mountain, on the Navajo Nation, have spearheaded an effort to leave water and food for horses they say would die without human intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In western Colorado, volunteers say they’re preparing to bring up to 5,000 gallons (18,900 liters) of water per day to a herd of 750 desperate horses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Springs are drying up that have never dried up,” said Cindy Wright, co-founder of Colorado conservation group Wild Horse Warriors for Sand Wash Basin. Horses in the area stalk the dry earth with their ribs exposed, desperate for a drop, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wild horse advocates have balked at the Bureau of Land Management’s insistence that wild horse populations are too high. Critics say the agency is using dry conditions as a smoke screen to shrink horse populations in response to pressure from ranchers whose livestock compete with the horses for grazing land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do have a concern about the larger numbers that they’re pulling off, and then a bigger concern about the BLM under this administration using all kinds of excuses to pull off horses,” said Suzanne Roy, executive director of the American Wild Horse Campaign, an advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is prohibited from euthanizing the wild horses it rounds up, though President Donald Trump has proposed allowing the animals to be killed or sold for slaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists in Nevada held a rally last Tuesday at the bureau’s state headquarters in Reno to protest a planned roundup later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics want the government to instead use birth control to manage wild horse populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureau says the fertility treatment, which must be administered yearly and fired from a dart gun at close range, is too difficult for use except in certain cases where herds are easy to approach and have markings that make horses distinguishable from one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the long-term answer, volunteers say their efforts can’t go on forever. 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"content": "\u003cp>Spot quiz: let’s say you’re taking the air on one of Northern California’s many inviting trails, and you suddenly notice you have company. Large company. With fur. What do you do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, most wild animals that live among us don’t pose a serious threat to humans and some even make great neighbors, snacking on pesky garden pests and rodents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is in knowing how to adjust your behavior when you find yourself in the presence of a wild animal. Wildlife experts on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101866210/look-big-and-other-wildlife-encounter-tips\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> program discuss some important steps you can take to protect yourself \u003cem>and\u003c/em> the animal from harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do Not Feed Wild Animals. Seriously, Don’t. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a huge no-no, says San Francisco-based writer Rachel Levin, who dishes out plenty of tips in her useful, engaging book, \u003ca class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/558094/look-big-by-rachel-levin/9780399580376/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Look Big: And Other Tips for Surviving Animal Encounters of All Kinds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says too many conflicts between wildlife and humans occur because the critter is being fed by some people and not others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The animal doesn’t understand why some humans feed him while others don’t,” said Levin on Thursday’s Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levin says that feeding wildlife creates an expectation in the animal that can lead to it becoming a nuisance. But the next human the animal approaches may not be so friendly and may take extreme measures to get rid of the critter. So experts say it’s best to resist the urge to feed one, no matter how cute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do Not Take Selfies with a Wild Animal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This one should be self-evident, but in the words of Forum host Michael Krasny, “People do some incredibly stupid things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Install a Scarecrow Sprinkler \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These motion-activated sprinklers are an effective means for scaring wildlife out of your yard. It works for a host of animals, from wild turkeys and deer, to raccoons, rabbits and coyotes. The sudden blast of water causes critters (and sometimes unsuspecting human guests) to panic and run. Just make sure to install it in an area of your yard that’s not frequently used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Not to Run\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this piece of advice might be easier said than done, going into flight mode can actually put you in direct line of danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of black bears, waiving your arms around and yelling is your best bet, say the experts. Levin says that these bears are “big chickens” and are not looking for a fight (a well-documented exception is a mother bear with cubs nearby).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of sharks, blend in with the background, says Terry Gosliner\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> a senior curator at the California Academy of Sciences. If you see a shark, avoid erratic movements that might resemble wounded fish. Simply wait for the shark to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avoid spearfishing in an area patrolled by sharks. According to Gosliner, it’s the equivalent of “dangling a raw steak in front of a voracious predator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to be Annoying\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a low-tech way to discourage curious critters: drop three pennies into an empty soda can. The sound of pennies banging against metal produces an unpleasant sound for the animal, says Levin. Tape the opening and simply shake the can around when confronted with wildlife such as a coyote or a black bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levin says that coyotes in particular are afraid of the unfamiliar. Introducing new elements into the scene, like an unusual jacket or an odd collar on a pet dog, can cause a nervous coyote to head the other way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Get Tested for Rabies if You Find Bats in Your Home\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Always.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although humans can only contract rabies if there has been an exchange of saliva or blood, people don’t always know when they’ve been bitten, according to Alison Hermance, a communications director at nonprofit Wildcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Call the Experts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you encounter a sick or injured animal in the Bay Area, call \u003ca href=\"https://www.discoverwildcare.org/wildlife-resources/found-animals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WildCare\u003c/a> at 415-456-7283 or contact \u003ca title=\"Link to list of wildlife rehabilitators\" href=\"http://www.discoverwildcare.org/wildlife-resources/find-a-wildlife-rehabilitator/\"> your local wildlife hospital.\u003c/a> They will help you determine whether and how to intervene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, experts say that it’s important to keep in mind that the odds of a wild animal in the Bay Area harming you are incredibly slim. Should you run into an especially stubborn critter standing in your path, best to simply back away. If these tips seem like pointing out the obvious, Gosliner notes that “common sense just isn’t common enough.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Spot quiz: let’s say you’re taking the air on one of Northern California’s many inviting trails, and you suddenly notice you have company. Large company. With fur. What do you do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, most wild animals that live among us don’t pose a serious threat to humans and some even make great neighbors, snacking on pesky garden pests and rodents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is in knowing how to adjust your behavior when you find yourself in the presence of a wild animal. Wildlife experts on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101866210/look-big-and-other-wildlife-encounter-tips\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s Forum\u003c/a> program discuss some important steps you can take to protect yourself \u003cem>and\u003c/em> the animal from harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do Not Feed Wild Animals. Seriously, Don’t. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a huge no-no, says San Francisco-based writer Rachel Levin, who dishes out plenty of tips in her useful, engaging book, \u003ca class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/558094/look-big-by-rachel-levin/9780399580376/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Look Big: And Other Tips for Surviving Animal Encounters of All Kinds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says too many conflicts between wildlife and humans occur because the critter is being fed by some people and not others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The animal doesn’t understand why some humans feed him while others don’t,” said Levin on Thursday’s Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levin says that feeding wildlife creates an expectation in the animal that can lead to it becoming a nuisance. But the next human the animal approaches may not be so friendly and may take extreme measures to get rid of the critter. So experts say it’s best to resist the urge to feed one, no matter how cute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do Not Take Selfies with a Wild Animal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This one should be self-evident, but in the words of Forum host Michael Krasny, “People do some incredibly stupid things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Install a Scarecrow Sprinkler \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These motion-activated sprinklers are an effective means for scaring wildlife out of your yard. It works for a host of animals, from wild turkeys and deer, to raccoons, rabbits and coyotes. The sudden blast of water causes critters (and sometimes unsuspecting human guests) to panic and run. Just make sure to install it in an area of your yard that’s not frequently used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Not to Run\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this piece of advice might be easier said than done, going into flight mode can actually put you in direct line of danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of black bears, waiving your arms around and yelling is your best bet, say the experts. Levin says that these bears are “big chickens” and are not looking for a fight (a well-documented exception is a mother bear with cubs nearby).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of sharks, blend in with the background, says Terry Gosliner\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> a senior curator at the California Academy of Sciences. If you see a shark, avoid erratic movements that might resemble wounded fish. Simply wait for the shark to pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avoid spearfishing in an area patrolled by sharks. According to Gosliner, it’s the equivalent of “dangling a raw steak in front of a voracious predator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When to be Annoying\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a low-tech way to discourage curious critters: drop three pennies into an empty soda can. The sound of pennies banging against metal produces an unpleasant sound for the animal, says Levin. Tape the opening and simply shake the can around when confronted with wildlife such as a coyote or a black bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levin says that coyotes in particular are afraid of the unfamiliar. Introducing new elements into the scene, like an unusual jacket or an odd collar on a pet dog, can cause a nervous coyote to head the other way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Get Tested for Rabies if You Find Bats in Your Home\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Always.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although humans can only contract rabies if there has been an exchange of saliva or blood, people don’t always know when they’ve been bitten, according to Alison Hermance, a communications director at nonprofit Wildcare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Call the Experts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you encounter a sick or injured animal in the Bay Area, call \u003ca href=\"https://www.discoverwildcare.org/wildlife-resources/found-animals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WildCare\u003c/a> at 415-456-7283 or contact \u003ca title=\"Link to list of wildlife rehabilitators\" href=\"http://www.discoverwildcare.org/wildlife-resources/find-a-wildlife-rehabilitator/\"> your local wildlife hospital.\u003c/a> They will help you determine whether and how to intervene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lastly, experts say that it’s important to keep in mind that the odds of a wild animal in the Bay Area harming you are incredibly slim. Should you run into an especially stubborn critter standing in your path, best to simply back away. If these tips seem like pointing out the obvious, Gosliner notes that “common sense just isn’t common enough.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new study provides fresh evidence that the first dogs of North America all but disappeared after the arrival of Europeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only surviving legacy appears to be a cancer that arose from the cells of a dog that lived more than 8,000 years ago and has since spread to other canines throughout the world, an international team reported Thursday in the journal Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers compared the genomes of ancient and modern American dogs. Results confirm that the first domesticated dogs of North America arrived with people from Asia over the same Bering land bridge used much earlier by humans. These dogs thrived for thousands of years, but mostly vanished after contact with Europeans. Scientists don’t know why they disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just find it really surprising,” says geneticist Elinor Karlsson from the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester, who did not participate in the study. “There were millions and millions of dogs all over the continent (that) died out after the Europeans arrived. And the fact that we don’t know anything about it is kind of a big hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to fill in the historical gaps, researchers sequenced the genetic material of 71 dog remains collected from bones found in Siberia, the United States and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they compared it to the genetic makeup of modern pooches, they confirmed what other scientists have long suggested: The first dogs of North America, similar to Arctic dogs like Siberian huskies or Alaskan malamutes, were brought to the continent when people crossed the land bridge that formed between Russia and Canada. It’s not known when the dogs first arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Elaine Ostrander, a canine genetics expert from the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, this finding reveals something about our own behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where people go, so go their dogs,” said Ostrander, who was not part of the study. “This study reinforces that idea and takes it back to nearly the beginning of dogdom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers could not find any trace of ancient dog DNA in modern-day village dogs from South America or pre-Columbian breeds like the xoloitzcuintli, the Mexican hairless dog. Less than 4 percent of the genome of modern American dogs can be traced back to those that lived before the Europeans came, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The indigenous dogs did appear to leave a genetic legacy: a rare dog cancer known as canine transmissible venereal tumor, or CTVT, that affected a single dog several thousand years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the closest remaining vestige of this lost dog lineage,” co-author Elizabeth Murchison, a geneticist at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists say they’re several steps closer to perfecting a method that could prevent the extinction of northern white rhinos, of which only two animals are known still to be alive.[contextly_sidebar id=”bqKMJFy0lzg899EIXiCewb9fdibVbOiw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a paper published Wednesday in the journal Nature Communications, researchers have succeeded in creating embryos using frozen northern white rhino sperm and eggs from a southern white rhino, a closely related sub-species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the first time such hybrid embryos have been created and the scientists from Germany, Italy and the Czech Republic say it could provide a pathway to saving the critically endangered northern white rhino after the last male, called Sudan, died in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They plan to harvest the egg cells of the two surviving female rhinos soon and use preserved sperm to produce “pure” northern white rhino embryos. Since the females, a mother and daughter called Najin and Fatu, are unable to bear offspring themselves, the embryos would be implanted in a southern white rhino surrogate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to increase the supply of eggs and preserve the northern white rhino’s genetic diversity, scientists are also working on a second method that would coax frozen skin cells from deceased animals into becoming egg cells, a procedure that has already succeeded in mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas Hildebrandt, of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin, said researchers hope the first northern white rhino calf will be born in about three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are quite confident with the technology we have developed,” he said during a telephone conference with reporters detailing the research.[contextly_sidebar id=”3beI5DFMfogV9xuya2BW3dqhUkDczDh8″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saving the northern white rhino has become an international effort, with cooperation but also some rivalry among scientists and institutions around the world, including zoos in San Diego and Cincinnati.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts have criticized the effort however, saying it comes too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no doubt that its purely scientific merit is laudable and it might have some application to endangered species conservation in the future,” said Richard Kock, a conservationist at Britain’s Royal Veterinary College who has worked extensively in Africa. “But I am afraid it is very much Nero fiddling after Rome is burning with respect to (northern) white rhino.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kock and fellow conservationists warned against focusing only on the northern white rhino sub-species, noting that its southern cousin has come back from the brink of extinction and now numbers some 21,000 individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they suggested, work should focus on saving other endangered rhino species that can still be found in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Assisted reproductive technologies are very expensive and their success is far from guaranteed. Meanwhile, we don’t have enough funding to conserve the other four rhino species, all of which are more threatened with extinction than the white rhino,” said Bob Smith, director of the Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology at the University of Kent, England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hildebrandt insisted the effort is worthwhile. “The northern white rhino didn’t fail in evolution,” he said. “It failed because it’s not bulletproof. It was slaughtered by criminals which went for the horn because the horn costs more than gold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern white rhinos were once abundant across Central and East Africa, but conflicts and poaching wiped them from their natural habitat.[contextly_sidebar id=”V1j4P8VGqkiw9Zwpba3pmVDEmKg2vEJl”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rhino’s disappearance has left a void in the region’s ecosystem that could have significant impacts in the future, Hildebrandt said. “We have the tools in our hands to correct that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesare Galli, whose Italy-based company Avantea has lengthy experience with the artificial reproduction of horses, said recent advances in stem cell technology could help the rhino preservation effort. The team is hoping that within a decade, scientists will be able to produce new rhino eggs from frozen skin cells\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jan Stejskal, a spokesman for Dvur Kralove Zoo in the Czech Republic, which has a long history of rhino conservation, said scientists hope to travel to Kenya before the end of the year. They are still waiting for permission from Kenyan authorities to perform the delicate procedure of removing egg cells from Najin and Fatu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the scientists are confident about being able to harvest eggs from the two females, questions remain over the risk to the rare animals’ health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We as scientists are highly afraid that something unexpected happens during that procedure,” said Hildebrandt. “That would be a nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas Hildebrandt, of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin, said researchers hope the first northern white rhino calf will be born in about three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are quite confident with the technology we have developed,” he said during a telephone conference with reporters detailing the research.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saving the northern white rhino has become an international effort, with cooperation but also some rivalry among scientists and institutions around the world, including zoos in San Diego and Cincinnati.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts have criticized the effort however, saying it comes too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no doubt that its purely scientific merit is laudable and it might have some application to endangered species conservation in the future,” said Richard Kock, a conservationist at Britain’s Royal Veterinary College who has worked extensively in Africa. “But I am afraid it is very much Nero fiddling after Rome is burning with respect to (northern) white rhino.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kock and fellow conservationists warned against focusing only on the northern white rhino sub-species, noting that its southern cousin has come back from the brink of extinction and now numbers some 21,000 individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they suggested, work should focus on saving other endangered rhino species that can still be found in the wild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Assisted reproductive technologies are very expensive and their success is far from guaranteed. Meanwhile, we don’t have enough funding to conserve the other four rhino species, all of which are more threatened with extinction than the white rhino,” said Bob Smith, director of the Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology at the University of Kent, England.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hildebrandt insisted the effort is worthwhile. “The northern white rhino didn’t fail in evolution,” he said. “It failed because it’s not bulletproof. It was slaughtered by criminals which went for the horn because the horn costs more than gold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern white rhinos were once abundant across Central and East Africa, but conflicts and poaching wiped them from their natural habitat.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rhino’s disappearance has left a void in the region’s ecosystem that could have significant impacts in the future, Hildebrandt said. “We have the tools in our hands to correct that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesare Galli, whose Italy-based company Avantea has lengthy experience with the artificial reproduction of horses, said recent advances in stem cell technology could help the rhino preservation effort. The team is hoping that within a decade, scientists will be able to produce new rhino eggs from frozen skin cells\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jan Stejskal, a spokesman for Dvur Kralove Zoo in the Czech Republic, which has a long history of rhino conservation, said scientists hope to travel to Kenya before the end of the year. They are still waiting for permission from Kenyan authorities to perform the delicate procedure of removing egg cells from Najin and Fatu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the scientists are confident about being able to harvest eggs from the two females, questions remain over the risk to the rare animals’ health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We as scientists are highly afraid that something unexpected happens during that procedure,” said Hildebrandt. “That would be a nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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},
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
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