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"content": "\u003cp>Last week, General Motors, the largest automaker in the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1972486/following-californias-mandate-gm-plans-to-stop-making-gasoline-cars-by-2035\">said\u003c/a> it would phase out the manufacturing of gas-powered cars by 2035, the same year California will no longer allow their sale, as stipulated in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969807/california-to-halt-sales-of-new-gas-cars-by-2035\">order\u003c/a> issued by Gov. Gavin Newsom in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists cheered GM’s announcement, and The New York Times trumpeted it as a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/28/business/gm-zero-emission-vehicles.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seismic shift\u003c/a>” in the auto industry, claiming “the days of the internal combustion engine are numbered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a series of tweets, Newsom called GM’s announcement a “game changer” and took a little credit for budging the company on the issue, through use of a popular internet meme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/GavinNewsom/status/1355207568805691392?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, though, the response of the person whom Newsom recently appointed as the chair of the California Air Resources Board was markedly less enthusiastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liane Randolph took a glass half-empty view of GM’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/mslianeran/status/1354937568761057296?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a backstory to the agency’s chilly response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When former President Donald Trump weakened federal auto emission standards set by the Obama administration, California kept enforcing its more stringent standards, suing the administration over the rollback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the state negotiated an agreement with Honda, Ford and three other major automakers for the companies to manufacture all cars sold in the U.S. using a stricter standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration responded by issuing a rule that blocked California, as well as any other state, from setting their own car rules, revoking the federal waiver that allowed California to set stricter standards for tailpipe emissions. So, the state sued again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, GM, along with Toyota and other car companies, refused to sign on to California’s agreement and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/28/climate/general-motors-california-emissions-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sided\u003c/a> with the federal government in both legal fights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s public line was that California and the Trump administration should find common ground. But it also argued that only the federal government has the ultimate authority over fuel-emission standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks after Trump lost to Joe Biden, the automaker \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/28/climate/general-motors-california-emissions-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">abandoned\u003c/a> the legal fight over whether or not California can set its own rules. (On Tuesday several car companies, including Toyota and Fiat Chrysler, did likewise, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/02/business/more-automakers-drop-their-support-of-trump-era-fuel-economy-standards.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dropping their support\u003c/a> for that lawsuit.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica James, a GM spokesperson, said in an email that the company is “open to working with California and the Biden Administration to achieve agreement on a national standard and complementary policies to accelerate the electrification of the light-duty transportation sector.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Randolph notes GM is still defending Trump’s diluted fuel-economy standard, even as the company says it will invest $27 billion in electric and autonomous cars in the next five years and offer 30 all-electric models worldwide by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>There’s a backstory to the agency’s chilly response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When former President Donald Trump weakened federal auto emission standards set by the Obama administration, California kept enforcing its more stringent standards, suing the administration over the rollback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the state negotiated an agreement with Honda, Ford and three other major automakers for the companies to manufacture all cars sold in the U.S. using a stricter standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration responded by issuing a rule that blocked California, as well as any other state, from setting their own car rules, revoking the federal waiver that allowed California to set stricter standards for tailpipe emissions. So, the state sued again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Notably, GM, along with Toyota and other car companies, refused to sign on to California’s agreement and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/28/climate/general-motors-california-emissions-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sided\u003c/a> with the federal government in both legal fights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s public line was that California and the Trump administration should find common ground. But it also argued that only the federal government has the ultimate authority over fuel-emission standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks after Trump lost to Joe Biden, the automaker \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/28/climate/general-motors-california-emissions-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">abandoned\u003c/a> the legal fight over whether or not California can set its own rules. (On Tuesday several car companies, including Toyota and Fiat Chrysler, did likewise, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/02/business/more-automakers-drop-their-support-of-trump-era-fuel-economy-standards.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dropping their support\u003c/a> for that lawsuit.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessica James, a GM spokesperson, said in an email that the company is “open to working with California and the Biden Administration to achieve agreement on a national standard and complementary policies to accelerate the electrification of the light-duty transportation sector.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Randolph notes GM is still defending Trump’s diluted fuel-economy standard, even as the company says it will invest $27 billion in electric and autonomous cars in the next five years and offer 30 all-electric models worldwide by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Flooding rains and record snow in California last week marked another extreme swing of the state’s climate pendulum. The widespread downpours triggered mudslides that \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-01-28/california-winter-storm-mudslides-cause-injury-damage?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+lanowblog+%28L.A.+Now%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">damaged homes and roads\u003c/a> near some of the huge fire scars from last summer, and also brought \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1356338632387280896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">some of the water\u003c/a> the state will need to end a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/202013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">monthslong hot and dry streak\u003c/a> and douse a record-setting wildfire season that extended into January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm included a long stream of moisture from the subtropical Pacific Ocean, called an \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/stories/what-are-atmospheric-rivers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">atmospheric river\u003c/a>, that inundated the state from north to south for three days. Atmospheric rivers are concentrated streams of moist air, generally more than 1,200 miles long, up to 620 miles wide and about 1.8 miles deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week’s torrent hit Central California hardest. Several spots reported 24-hour rainfall records and the deluge washed out a 150-foot section of Highway 1 in the vulnerable Big Sur area, where the road clings to unstable mountains that drop steeply to the sea. Just two years ago, another nearby section of the highway was also destroyed by an intense storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists say it’s important to understand how atmospheric rivers will change as global warming drives more extremes. They’ve recently \u003ca href=\"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/100/2/bams-d-18-0023.1.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">created a scale\u003c/a> to rate their strength. Between 1978 and 2017, the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05122019/atmospheric-rivers-climate-change-flood-mudslide-risk-rising-california-west/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10 most intense atmospheric rivers caused nearly half of all flood damage\u003c/a> in the Western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could get worse. Stronger atmospheric rivers are part of California’s “whiplash” climate future, said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West\">Daniel Swain\u003c/a>, a climate scientist with the National Center for Atmospheric Research. “One of the things that’s really clear, the intense ones are going to become much more intense,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/janellewang/status/1355277341312729090?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0140-y.epdf?author_access_token=SpNm1AkLDEG2WYpjrokbt9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0N5WVXwZkTOMe5YxQC6t2N_038NWJlpDOtWZcE65BM0CfIUOL9naHt1EdpF1wss04QU_5ph14XmBsju5RABLAPbKzI7wsRPl9_D-YWN9uCCHA%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A 2018 study\u003c/a> he co-authored showed that the odds for a scenario like the storm that caused the Great Flood of 1862, when Sacramento was partially destroyed, are “perhaps as high as 50% between 2018 and 2060.” A flood of that size would devastate towns and swamp much of California’s Central Valley, a breadbasket for the entire country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the other extreme are\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/112/13/3858.short\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> climate studies\u003c/a> showing that California’s future droughts will be hotter and more intense. Even some years with near normal seasonal rain and snow can end up dry as increasingly hot summers simply steam the water out of the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The events that were once thought to have been vanishingly rare, are not so rare anymore,” Swain said. “What we’re not used to are these really extreme events, above the top end of the scale. Those are the ones that test infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even absent an extreme event, changes to the timing, intensity and location of the moist flows will \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-020-02882-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">affect water supplies for towns, agriculture and natural ecosystems\u003c/a>, he added. Water managers need to be prepared for climate-driven feast or famine cycles of rain, snow and runoff, for instance operating dams more flexibly to capture as much water as possible during big downpours, while still holding back enough to reduce river flood risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building the necessary resilience won’t be easy, but since a flood on the scale of the 1862 event would cause billions in damage, figuring out ways to prepare for such risks are well worth it, Swain said. In the meantime, the threats from surging atmospheric rivers are rising fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a problem in a society where we build our infrastructure to last many decades, on the assumption that our climate does not change over 50 years,” he said. Many risks from climate extremes will become “greatly elevated with regard to how we’ve designed our infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Important Global Climate Pumps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hazards similar to those in California are driving research into how global warming will change atmospheric rivers around the world, said University of Lisbon climate scientist Alexandre Ramos. In Europe, those intensifying moisture streams will inundate the British Isles and Scandinavia more frequently, but a northward shift detected by climate scientists could leave other areas thirsty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Globally, atmospheric rivers are the \u003ca href=\"https://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/home/micro-articles/atmospheric-rivers#:~:text=The%20term%20atmospheric%20river%20is,transport%20associated%20with%20extratropical%20cyclones.&text=This%20moisture%20transport%20occurs%20under,%2C%20temperature%2C%20and%20pressure%20conditions.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largest transporters of freshwater\u003c/a> and also distribute heat energy from equatorial regions toward the poles. Those flows are shifting because global warming is \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2020JD033158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expanding\u003c/a> bulging domes of stable, warm and dry air in the subtropics, which shunts atmospheric rivers poleward, Ramos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wet Atlantic storm that pummeled parts of the already soggy United Kingdom last week carried swaths of moist air from around Florida all the way across the Atlantic in a weather pattern similar to an atmospheric river, climate and weather researcher \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SimonLeeWx/status/1355126950411579392\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Simon Lee wrote on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The atmosphere can hold about 7% more moisture for every 1 degree Celsius of warming, so every atmospheric river can potentially hold more moisture. One recent study found that there has been an increase in the number of atmospheric rivers since the 1980s, Ramos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they are still relatively rare — about four per year — making it hard for researchers to separate a global warming signal from natural factors that could affect their frequency. But projections for the future are robust, showing that, with continued warming, up to eight atmospheric rivers could affect Europe each year, with some climate models even showing their frequency tripling, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we are seeing is, the rainy seasons are getting shorter, and the precipitation will become more extreme, and the extremes will become more frequent,” Ramos said. “Increased temperature means more water in the atmosphere, lowering the threshold for extremes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Portugal, like in California, atmospheric rivers are often beneficial drought-busters that fill reservoirs, so it’s also a problem if they don’t materialize, Ramos said. His research, and other studies, suggest that global warming may already be shifting atmospheric rivers poleward. He said the research describes how recent droughts in South Africa and Australia could be linked with the poleward shift of atmospheric rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/wxjerdman/status/1355497317525319683?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Atmospheric Rivers Are Becoming More Dangerous\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain’s most recent \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/29/eaba1323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> zoomed in on California and scrutinized the moisture, temperature and wind speeds of the strongest atmospheric rivers from ground level to their upper boundary, about two miles high, to assess the risks of extreme rain and snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since they are infrequent, it’s hard to get a statistically valid idea about how they have changed up to now, even when grouping the data from multiple atmospheric rivers together. But figuring out the mechanics of individual events at a detailed level will help predict how they’ll behave in a warmer climate in the future, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain’s analysis delivered detailed projections of increased precipitation from atmospheric rivers: 25% to 50% more across the San Joaquin Valley, a 25% to 30% increase in the northern Sacramento Valley, and 80% more in the Owens Valley, east of the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were looking at the really rare ones,” he said of the atmospheric rivers he studied. “That’s part of why we did this study, looking at events that happen a couple of times per century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparing the results of their analysis with observations from historic extreme storms, “It’s almost as if we had a 400-year-long record,” he said. “It’s the best we can do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the strongest atmospheric rivers, the study found a 10% to 40% increase in total accumulated precipitation. It found an even greater increase in hourly maximum precipitation rates that are above the level that could be caused solely by the increased water vapor in a warmer atmosphere, which means global warming is intensifying atmospheric rivers beyond just adding water, Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large increase in maximum hourly precipitation intensity is critical because short blasts of intense precipitation pose a much greater risk of flash flooding and other hazards, such as debris flows and mudslides, than do equally large accumulations occurring over a longer period of time, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also found that rain and snowfall from atmospheric rivers is increasing the most, proportionately, in areas that were previously sheltered from the phenomenon, like in the rain shadows on the downwind, lee sides of mountain ranges. That could increase unexpected flood and water management challenges in areas where they are not expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These findings imply substantial challenges for water and flood management in California, given future increases in intense atmospheric river-induced precipitation extremes,” the researchers wrote in their study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain said it’s also important to remember that future atmospheric rivers in a warmer climate will change snow to rain, which increases the risks of flooding even more, based on current expectations of the snow-rain ratio. Snow, of course, piles up and melts slowly, while rain runs off into streams and rivers right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With continued global warming, the study suggests that streamflows could increase beyond what would be expected just from the precipitation increase alone, because “a substantially greater fraction of precipitation is likely to fall as rain rather than snow,” the study concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Swain, the study elicited deep concerns about the prospects for an incredibly damaging megaflood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By 2060, there is a 50-50 chance of seeing a megastorm on the scale that swamped the Central Valley,” he said. “Given that would be a catastrophic flood event, I don’t think we’re fully prepared for that. For me, that almost means that, by late century, it’s almost an inevitability. That’s pretty amazing for an event that happened 5 times per millennium up to now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not going to call these findings good news,” he said. “But they could help start discussions about how to mitigate the risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Research suggests that much of the state will endure more extreme precipitation events that drive floods, mudslides and debris flows.",
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"title": "Another Swing of California's Climate Pendulum: Torrential Rain and Piles of Snow | KQED",
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"headline": "Another Swing of California's Climate Pendulum: Torrential Rain and Piles of Snow",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Flooding rains and record snow in California last week marked another extreme swing of the state’s climate pendulum. The widespread downpours triggered mudslides that \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-01-28/california-winter-storm-mudslides-cause-injury-damage?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+lanowblog+%28L.A.+Now%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">damaged homes and roads\u003c/a> near some of the huge fire scars from last summer, and also brought \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/1356338632387280896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">some of the water\u003c/a> the state will need to end a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/202013\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">monthslong hot and dry streak\u003c/a> and douse a record-setting wildfire season that extended into January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm included a long stream of moisture from the subtropical Pacific Ocean, called an \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/stories/what-are-atmospheric-rivers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">atmospheric river\u003c/a>, that inundated the state from north to south for three days. Atmospheric rivers are concentrated streams of moist air, generally more than 1,200 miles long, up to 620 miles wide and about 1.8 miles deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week’s torrent hit Central California hardest. Several spots reported 24-hour rainfall records and the deluge washed out a 150-foot section of Highway 1 in the vulnerable Big Sur area, where the road clings to unstable mountains that drop steeply to the sea. Just two years ago, another nearby section of the highway was also destroyed by an intense storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate scientists say it’s important to understand how atmospheric rivers will change as global warming drives more extremes. They’ve recently \u003ca href=\"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/100/2/bams-d-18-0023.1.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">created a scale\u003c/a> to rate their strength. Between 1978 and 2017, the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/05122019/atmospheric-rivers-climate-change-flood-mudslide-risk-rising-california-west/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">10 most intense atmospheric rivers caused nearly half of all flood damage\u003c/a> in the Western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could get worse. Stronger atmospheric rivers are part of California’s “whiplash” climate future, said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West\">Daniel Swain\u003c/a>, a climate scientist with the National Center for Atmospheric Research. “One of the things that’s really clear, the intense ones are going to become much more intense,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0140-y.epdf?author_access_token=SpNm1AkLDEG2WYpjrokbt9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0N5WVXwZkTOMe5YxQC6t2N_038NWJlpDOtWZcE65BM0CfIUOL9naHt1EdpF1wss04QU_5ph14XmBsju5RABLAPbKzI7wsRPl9_D-YWN9uCCHA%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A 2018 study\u003c/a> he co-authored showed that the odds for a scenario like the storm that caused the Great Flood of 1862, when Sacramento was partially destroyed, are “perhaps as high as 50% between 2018 and 2060.” A flood of that size would devastate towns and swamp much of California’s Central Valley, a breadbasket for the entire country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the other extreme are\u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/112/13/3858.short\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> climate studies\u003c/a> showing that California’s future droughts will be hotter and more intense. Even some years with near normal seasonal rain and snow can end up dry as increasingly hot summers simply steam the water out of the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The events that were once thought to have been vanishingly rare, are not so rare anymore,” Swain said. “What we’re not used to are these really extreme events, above the top end of the scale. Those are the ones that test infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even absent an extreme event, changes to the timing, intensity and location of the moist flows will \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-020-02882-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">affect water supplies for towns, agriculture and natural ecosystems\u003c/a>, he added. Water managers need to be prepared for climate-driven feast or famine cycles of rain, snow and runoff, for instance operating dams more flexibly to capture as much water as possible during big downpours, while still holding back enough to reduce river flood risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building the necessary resilience won’t be easy, but since a flood on the scale of the 1862 event would cause billions in damage, figuring out ways to prepare for such risks are well worth it, Swain said. In the meantime, the threats from surging atmospheric rivers are rising fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a problem in a society where we build our infrastructure to last many decades, on the assumption that our climate does not change over 50 years,” he said. Many risks from climate extremes will become “greatly elevated with regard to how we’ve designed our infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Important Global Climate Pumps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hazards similar to those in California are driving research into how global warming will change atmospheric rivers around the world, said University of Lisbon climate scientist Alexandre Ramos. In Europe, those intensifying moisture streams will inundate the British Isles and Scandinavia more frequently, but a northward shift detected by climate scientists could leave other areas thirsty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Globally, atmospheric rivers are the \u003ca href=\"https://ghrc.nsstc.nasa.gov/home/micro-articles/atmospheric-rivers#:~:text=The%20term%20atmospheric%20river%20is,transport%20associated%20with%20extratropical%20cyclones.&text=This%20moisture%20transport%20occurs%20under,%2C%20temperature%2C%20and%20pressure%20conditions.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">largest transporters of freshwater\u003c/a> and also distribute heat energy from equatorial regions toward the poles. Those flows are shifting because global warming is \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2020JD033158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expanding\u003c/a> bulging domes of stable, warm and dry air in the subtropics, which shunts atmospheric rivers poleward, Ramos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wet Atlantic storm that pummeled parts of the already soggy United Kingdom last week carried swaths of moist air from around Florida all the way across the Atlantic in a weather pattern similar to an atmospheric river, climate and weather researcher \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SimonLeeWx/status/1355126950411579392\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Simon Lee wrote on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The atmosphere can hold about 7% more moisture for every 1 degree Celsius of warming, so every atmospheric river can potentially hold more moisture. One recent study found that there has been an increase in the number of atmospheric rivers since the 1980s, Ramos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they are still relatively rare — about four per year — making it hard for researchers to separate a global warming signal from natural factors that could affect their frequency. But projections for the future are robust, showing that, with continued warming, up to eight atmospheric rivers could affect Europe each year, with some climate models even showing their frequency tripling, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we are seeing is, the rainy seasons are getting shorter, and the precipitation will become more extreme, and the extremes will become more frequent,” Ramos said. “Increased temperature means more water in the atmosphere, lowering the threshold for extremes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Portugal, like in California, atmospheric rivers are often beneficial drought-busters that fill reservoirs, so it’s also a problem if they don’t materialize, Ramos said. His research, and other studies, suggest that global warming may already be shifting atmospheric rivers poleward. He said the research describes how recent droughts in South Africa and Australia could be linked with the poleward shift of atmospheric rivers.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Atmospheric Rivers Are Becoming More Dangerous\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain’s most recent \u003ca href=\"https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/29/eaba1323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> zoomed in on California and scrutinized the moisture, temperature and wind speeds of the strongest atmospheric rivers from ground level to their upper boundary, about two miles high, to assess the risks of extreme rain and snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since they are infrequent, it’s hard to get a statistically valid idea about how they have changed up to now, even when grouping the data from multiple atmospheric rivers together. But figuring out the mechanics of individual events at a detailed level will help predict how they’ll behave in a warmer climate in the future, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain’s analysis delivered detailed projections of increased precipitation from atmospheric rivers: 25% to 50% more across the San Joaquin Valley, a 25% to 30% increase in the northern Sacramento Valley, and 80% more in the Owens Valley, east of the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were looking at the really rare ones,” he said of the atmospheric rivers he studied. “That’s part of why we did this study, looking at events that happen a couple of times per century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparing the results of their analysis with observations from historic extreme storms, “It’s almost as if we had a 400-year-long record,” he said. “It’s the best we can do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the strongest atmospheric rivers, the study found a 10% to 40% increase in total accumulated precipitation. It found an even greater increase in hourly maximum precipitation rates that are above the level that could be caused solely by the increased water vapor in a warmer atmosphere, which means global warming is intensifying atmospheric rivers beyond just adding water, Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large increase in maximum hourly precipitation intensity is critical because short blasts of intense precipitation pose a much greater risk of flash flooding and other hazards, such as debris flows and mudslides, than do equally large accumulations occurring over a longer period of time, the study found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also found that rain and snowfall from atmospheric rivers is increasing the most, proportionately, in areas that were previously sheltered from the phenomenon, like in the rain shadows on the downwind, lee sides of mountain ranges. That could increase unexpected flood and water management challenges in areas where they are not expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These findings imply substantial challenges for water and flood management in California, given future increases in intense atmospheric river-induced precipitation extremes,” the researchers wrote in their study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain said it’s also important to remember that future atmospheric rivers in a warmer climate will change snow to rain, which increases the risks of flooding even more, based on current expectations of the snow-rain ratio. Snow, of course, piles up and melts slowly, while rain runs off into streams and rivers right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With continued global warming, the study suggests that streamflows could increase beyond what would be expected just from the precipitation increase alone, because “a substantially greater fraction of precipitation is likely to fall as rain rather than snow,” the study concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Swain, the study elicited deep concerns about the prospects for an incredibly damaging megaflood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By 2060, there is a 50-50 chance of seeing a megastorm on the scale that swamped the Central Valley,” he said. “Given that would be a catastrophic flood event, I don’t think we’re fully prepared for that. For me, that almost means that, by late century, it’s almost an inevitability. That’s pretty amazing for an event that happened 5 times per millennium up to now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not going to call these findings good news,” he said. “But they could help start discussions about how to mitigate the risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Environmental Officials Switch to Offense as Biden Takes Charge",
"headTitle": "California Environmental Officials Switch to Offense as Biden Takes Charge | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">Sacramento, at least, is excited about Washington’s new climate direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Jared Blumenfeld\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>Wade Crowfoot\u003c/strong> head California’s environmental protection and natural resources agencies, respectively. Last week, they discussed with KQED’s Kevin Stark what the change from the Trump to Biden administrations might mean for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Blumenfeld says he and other California environmental leaders are “euphoric” about a flurry of Biden administration executive orders resetting U.S. climate policy and tearing up the environmental agenda of the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re coming out of a hellish period in American environmental politics,” Blumenfeld said. “That euphoria really is based on the fact that the president is taking immediate action, and climate change is one of his top four priorities with equity and the pandemic and the economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]The heads of California’s natural resources and environmental protection agencies discuss climate policy, wildfire mitigation, fracking, and cap-and-trade in the context of the new president. [/pullquote]Biden has placed a temporary hold on new oil and gas leasing on federal lands, stating that his administration will seek to cut emissions from fossil fuels while doubling energy production from offshore wind turbines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His order to U.S. agencies to review fuel efficiency standards will be one of the most impactful changes for California, initiating a bureaucratic process that Blumenfeld hopes will establish a set of federal cleaner car rules that match California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872390/california-strikes-emissions-deal-with-major-carmakers\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">agreement \u003c/span>\u003c/a>with major auto manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s order to triple protected land and waterways across the country should also infuse the U.S. Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management with badly needed funds. Crowfoot says he hopes Biden will use the money to rapidly increase prescribed burns and other ecologically driven fire-mitigation measures across the nearly 19 million acres of federal forest land in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s a new day of partnership between the state and federal government protecting our communities and natural places from catastrophic wildfire,” Crowfoot said. “I’m convinced we have good partners on the ground in the federal agencies in California, but they’ve been starved for resources from Washington, D.C., and we’re hopeful that’s going to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">The following excerpts from the conversation have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Newsom recently asked Biden to reissue the state’s \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947538/can-he-do-that-lawyers-doubt-trump-can-kill-californias-clean-air-powers\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>waiver to set its own clean car rules\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cb>, which was rescinded by the Trump administration. Do you expect Biden will grant the waiver?\u003c/b>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>Blumenfeld\u003c/i>: The president has talked to the governor explicitly about this issue, and it’s very top of mind for us to resolve, simply because it’s such a big part of California’s greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">California received special authorization more than 50 years ago, when the Clean Air Act was first created and signed into law, by of all people President Nixon. And the reason for that is L.A. smog was so bad that we knew we needed standards that went further than the rest of the nation. That’s continued year in, year out, as 50% of the state’s emissions are coming from the transportation sector. If we have any chance of getting rid of our dependency on fossil fuels, which we have to in the climate battle, we need to reduce demand. And that demand comes from vehicles. The Trump administration put on hold anything that California wanted to do. We sued them and that’s still working its way through the courts. But now we can leapfrog all that kind of ridiculousness and go right to working with the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">We have to have standards for new cars between now and 2026 because the Trump administration diluted those. And then [the federal government] needs to align with California’s goal of all new vehicles by 2035 being zero emission. This isn’t a choice at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Will California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945609/california-and-carmakers-reach-clean-vehicle-agreement-rebuking-trump-administration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agreement\u003c/a> with the car companies to abide by tougher standards on tailpipe emissions than Trump\u003cem> wanted\u003c/em> be the foundation for a new federal standard? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>Blumenfeld\u003c/i>: We had Obama standards that harmonized California and the rest of the federal government. Trump then blew those up. We now need to come back to the table and work out what those national standards are. And we were really thrilled that folks like Ford and Honda and BMW and VW said, “We’re going to sign an agreement with California that no matter what the Trump administration says, we’re going to have national standards for the parts of the country that may not even care about this issue; we’re going to still give them cars that meet the California standards.” That’s what’s in place. We’re hoping that GM, Toyota, Chrysler and others will join us with that framework and move forward together with the Biden administration, to come out with one standard. A lot of the people who helped construct that are now in the Biden administration. We look forward to collaborating to solve this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cb>Secretary Crowfoot, you said you want partnerships between states and the federal government on forest management and wildfire mitigation. What would be your top priority for this?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>Crowfoot\u003c/i>: In California, our federal agencies own and manage 57% of our forests. We are not going to make a dent protecting California against catastrophic wildfire without scaled-up funding and priority from the federal government. And I think President Biden and Vice President Harris have made it very clear that they’re going to be much more proactive partners than the last administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The top priority is to fund the U.S. Forest Service to actually do proactive forest resilience work. In recent decades, most of the Forest Service funding has been raided every year for fire response, [leaving] less and less on actually doing things like prescribed burns and ecologically sensitive treatments in the forest. And so we have to ensure that the federal government actually funds these federal agencies to get in there and do the ecologically based forest-health work that is needed, or else we’re just going to spend more and more responding. Federal funding will be an important indication of the new administration’s priority to help California combat wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">\u003cb>Newsom has called on legislators to develop legislation banning new fracking permits, but no proposal has yet emerged. Is the Newsom administration working on this?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>Crowfoot:\u003c/i> This fall, the governor made clear that he does not see a future for fracking in California. And he explained that he would support legislation to phase it out. It’s our understanding that legislative members are developing a proposal to phase out fracking in California. And we look forward to talking to them and working with them ultimately to meet the vision that the governor set forth this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Advocates are calling on the governor to set a date to phase out fossil fuels. Will that be part of any proposal that emerges?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>Crowfoot\u003c/em>: Fossil fuel extraction in California was at its height in 1986, and it’s been reduced every year for the last few decades. At this point, we produce about 40% of that peak use. At the same time, our consumers use over 600 million barrels of oil each year in the form of gasoline to power cars and trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">It is critical that we reduce our reliance and ultimately eliminate our reliance on fossil fuels. If no other barrel of oil came out of the ground in California but we don’t change our habits, we’ll simply be importing more oil from other parts of the world. We need to reduce and ultimately eliminate our demand if we’re going to meet the climate challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">We’ve been clear that as we phase out our demand for fossil fuels, we will phase out the supply in our state. We anticipate this will happen in coming years, as we march toward the 2045 carbon neutrality goal. I do anticipate that there will be a clear trajectory for the phasing out of both demand and supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p7\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">\u003cb>Secretary Blumenfeld, in a letter to state senators you said the opportunity to revisit the cap-and-trade program, which has been criticized by the environmental justice community, exists as part of updating CARB’s Scoping Plan. How would you like to see cap-and-trade changed? \u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Blumenfeld\u003c/em>: The cap-and-trade program is a market-based mechanism that basically does two things. Year after year, the amount of carbon that can exist under the cap goes down — that’s how you reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The second part is the trading of allowances in a market system, so that there’s an actual price on carbon; a lot of people talk nationally about the importance of putting a price on carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p7\">There are two criticisms of cap-and-trade. One is that there’s an overreliance on [the allowance] mechanism. So moving forward we need to do more regulation and less market-based. The second valid critique is related to environmental justice, where you’re living in\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>low-income communities of color and say, “Well, someone shouldn’t be allowed to pay to emit more pollution in my community.” We’re going to look at both in terms of how we get to our 2030 targets. Then we have a state goal of getting to carbon neutrality by 2045; cap-and-trade will play a role but we all anticipate it will play a slightly smaller role than we originally thought. And we need to make sure that those equity concerns are brought to the forefront.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Jared Blumenfeld, secretary for environmental protection, and Wade Crowfoot, who heads the natural resources agency, discuss climate policy, wildfire mitigation, fracking, and cap-and-trade in the context of the new president. ",
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"description": "Jared Blumenfeld, secretary for environmental protection, and Wade Crowfoot, who heads the natural resources agency, discuss climate policy, wildfire mitigation, fracking, and cap-and-trade in the context of the new president. ",
"title": "California Environmental Officials Switch to Offense as Biden Takes Charge | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">Sacramento, at least, is excited about Washington’s new climate direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Jared Blumenfeld\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>Wade Crowfoot\u003c/strong> head California’s environmental protection and natural resources agencies, respectively. Last week, they discussed with KQED’s Kevin Stark what the change from the Trump to Biden administrations might mean for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Blumenfeld says he and other California environmental leaders are “euphoric” about a flurry of Biden administration executive orders resetting U.S. climate policy and tearing up the environmental agenda of the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re coming out of a hellish period in American environmental politics,” Blumenfeld said. “That euphoria really is based on the fact that the president is taking immediate action, and climate change is one of his top four priorities with equity and the pandemic and the economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "The heads of California’s natural resources and environmental protection agencies discuss climate policy, wildfire mitigation, fracking, and cap-and-trade in the context of the new president. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Biden has placed a temporary hold on new oil and gas leasing on federal lands, stating that his administration will seek to cut emissions from fossil fuels while doubling energy production from offshore wind turbines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His order to U.S. agencies to review fuel efficiency standards will be one of the most impactful changes for California, initiating a bureaucratic process that Blumenfeld hopes will establish a set of federal cleaner car rules that match California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872390/california-strikes-emissions-deal-with-major-carmakers\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">agreement \u003c/span>\u003c/a>with major auto manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president’s order to triple protected land and waterways across the country should also infuse the U.S. Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management with badly needed funds. Crowfoot says he hopes Biden will use the money to rapidly increase prescribed burns and other ecologically driven fire-mitigation measures across the nearly 19 million acres of federal forest land in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“It’s a new day of partnership between the state and federal government protecting our communities and natural places from catastrophic wildfire,” Crowfoot said. “I’m convinced we have good partners on the ground in the federal agencies in California, but they’ve been starved for resources from Washington, D.C., and we’re hopeful that’s going to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">The following excerpts from the conversation have been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Newsom recently asked Biden to reissue the state’s \u003c/b>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1947538/can-he-do-that-lawyers-doubt-trump-can-kill-californias-clean-air-powers\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>waiver to set its own clean car rules\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cb>, which was rescinded by the Trump administration. Do you expect Biden will grant the waiver?\u003c/b>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>Blumenfeld\u003c/i>: The president has talked to the governor explicitly about this issue, and it’s very top of mind for us to resolve, simply because it’s such a big part of California’s greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">California received special authorization more than 50 years ago, when the Clean Air Act was first created and signed into law, by of all people President Nixon. And the reason for that is L.A. smog was so bad that we knew we needed standards that went further than the rest of the nation. That’s continued year in, year out, as 50% of the state’s emissions are coming from the transportation sector. If we have any chance of getting rid of our dependency on fossil fuels, which we have to in the climate battle, we need to reduce demand. And that demand comes from vehicles. The Trump administration put on hold anything that California wanted to do. We sued them and that’s still working its way through the courts. But now we can leapfrog all that kind of ridiculousness and go right to working with the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">We have to have standards for new cars between now and 2026 because the Trump administration diluted those. And then [the federal government] needs to align with California’s goal of all new vehicles by 2035 being zero emission. This isn’t a choice at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cb>Will California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1945609/california-and-carmakers-reach-clean-vehicle-agreement-rebuking-trump-administration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agreement\u003c/a> with the car companies to abide by tougher standards on tailpipe emissions than Trump\u003cem> wanted\u003c/em> be the foundation for a new federal standard? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>Blumenfeld\u003c/i>: We had Obama standards that harmonized California and the rest of the federal government. Trump then blew those up. We now need to come back to the table and work out what those national standards are. And we were really thrilled that folks like Ford and Honda and BMW and VW said, “We’re going to sign an agreement with California that no matter what the Trump administration says, we’re going to have national standards for the parts of the country that may not even care about this issue; we’re going to still give them cars that meet the California standards.” That’s what’s in place. We’re hoping that GM, Toyota, Chrysler and others will join us with that framework and move forward together with the Biden administration, to come out with one standard. A lot of the people who helped construct that are now in the Biden administration. We look forward to collaborating to solve this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p4\">\u003cb>Secretary Crowfoot, you said you want partnerships between states and the federal government on forest management and wildfire mitigation. What would be your top priority for this?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>Crowfoot\u003c/i>: In California, our federal agencies own and manage 57% of our forests. We are not going to make a dent protecting California against catastrophic wildfire without scaled-up funding and priority from the federal government. And I think President Biden and Vice President Harris have made it very clear that they’re going to be much more proactive partners than the last administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The top priority is to fund the U.S. Forest Service to actually do proactive forest resilience work. In recent decades, most of the Forest Service funding has been raided every year for fire response, [leaving] less and less on actually doing things like prescribed burns and ecologically sensitive treatments in the forest. And so we have to ensure that the federal government actually funds these federal agencies to get in there and do the ecologically based forest-health work that is needed, or else we’re just going to spend more and more responding. Federal funding will be an important indication of the new administration’s priority to help California combat wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">\u003cb>Newsom has called on legislators to develop legislation banning new fracking permits, but no proposal has yet emerged. Is the Newsom administration working on this?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003ci>Crowfoot:\u003c/i> This fall, the governor made clear that he does not see a future for fracking in California. And he explained that he would support legislation to phase it out. It’s our understanding that legislative members are developing a proposal to phase out fracking in California. And we look forward to talking to them and working with them ultimately to meet the vision that the governor set forth this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Advocates are calling on the governor to set a date to phase out fossil fuels. Will that be part of any proposal that emerges?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>Crowfoot\u003c/em>: Fossil fuel extraction in California was at its height in 1986, and it’s been reduced every year for the last few decades. At this point, we produce about 40% of that peak use. At the same time, our consumers use over 600 million barrels of oil each year in the form of gasoline to power cars and trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">It is critical that we reduce our reliance and ultimately eliminate our reliance on fossil fuels. If no other barrel of oil came out of the ground in California but we don’t change our habits, we’ll simply be importing more oil from other parts of the world. We need to reduce and ultimately eliminate our demand if we’re going to meet the climate challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">We’ve been clear that as we phase out our demand for fossil fuels, we will phase out the supply in our state. We anticipate this will happen in coming years, as we march toward the 2045 carbon neutrality goal. I do anticipate that there will be a clear trajectory for the phasing out of both demand and supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p7\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">\u003cb>Secretary Blumenfeld, in a letter to state senators you said the opportunity to revisit the cap-and-trade program, which has been criticized by the environmental justice community, exists as part of updating CARB’s Scoping Plan. How would you like to see cap-and-trade changed? \u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Blumenfeld\u003c/em>: The cap-and-trade program is a market-based mechanism that basically does two things. Year after year, the amount of carbon that can exist under the cap goes down — that’s how you reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The second part is the trading of allowances in a market system, so that there’s an actual price on carbon; a lot of people talk nationally about the importance of putting a price on carbon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p7\">There are two criticisms of cap-and-trade. One is that there’s an overreliance on [the allowance] mechanism. So moving forward we need to do more regulation and less market-based. The second valid critique is related to environmental justice, where you’re living in\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>low-income communities of color and say, “Well, someone shouldn’t be allowed to pay to emit more pollution in my community.” We’re going to look at both in terms of how we get to our 2030 targets. Then we have a state goal of getting to carbon neutrality by 2045; cap-and-trade will play a role but we all anticipate it will play a slightly smaller role than we originally thought. And we need to make sure that those equity concerns are brought to the forefront.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Johnson & Johnson's Vaccine Could Set Off a New Phase in the Battle Against COVID-19",
"headTitle": "Johnson & Johnson’s Vaccine Could Set Off a New Phase in the Battle Against COVID-19 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Johnson & Johnson said Friday that its single-dose COVID-19 vaccine reduced rates of moderate and severe disease, but the shot appeared less effective in South Africa, where a \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/01/28/south-carolina-first-cases-of-south-africa-variant/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new coronavirus variant\u003c/a> has become common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the vaccine was 66% effective at preventing moderate to severe disease 28 days after vaccination. But efficacy differed depending on geography. The shot was 72% effective among clinical trial volunteers in the U.S, but 66% among those in Latin America, and just 57% among those in South Africa. Though markedly below the levels seen with the first two authorized COVID-19 vaccines, those rates are above the thresholds originally set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for a vaccine to be considered useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine reduced severe disease alone by 85%, and prevented COVID-related hospitalization or death, Johnson & Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a pandemic, if you can, with a single-dose vaccine, very quickly eliminate the severe consequences of death, hospitalization, and severe disease, that’s what’s important for society,” Paul Stoffels, the company’s chief scientific officer, told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Topol, director and founder of the Scripps Research Translational Institute, called the results “disappointing,” but added that a vaccine that prevents the most serious outcomes, such as hospitalization and death, is still valuable. “It reinforces how lucky we were that the first two were more effective,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, cautioned at a press conference against making too much of comparisons to prior vaccines, calling the result “extraordinarily important,” noting that severe disease was reduced across the board, even in regions where new variants of the virus were common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this has really important domestic and global public health implications,” Fauci said, “things that we know about this particular candidate that even add to the importance globally, namely the minimal cold chain requirements, the inexpensive nature of it, the fact that it is one shot and that the company can actually produce in a reasonable period of time, billions of doses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results set off a new phase in the battle against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. Different vaccines against the virus are proving to have varying levels of efficacy, but also distinct attributes that could make them more — or less — valuable in certain contexts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results from the first two authorized vaccines, one from partners Pfizer and BioNtech and a second from Moderna, were considerably stronger, reducing symptomatic infection by about 95%. But those vaccines require two doses. They also come with distribution challenges since they are required to stay at ultra-cold temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new variant of the virus that was first identified in South Africa, B.1.351, throws another monkey wrench into the equation. It appears to make vaccines less effective. Novavax, another vaccine manufacturer, said Thursday that its \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/01/28/novavax-says-its-covid-19-vaccine-is-90-effective-but-far-less-so-against-one-variant/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vaccine was 90% effective\u003c/a> in the U.K. but just 49% effective in South Africa. The existence of such a variant raises the possibility that vaccine makers will have to develop booster shots to protect against it. They might even need to do so regularly, as new strains of the coronavirus emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The efficacy of authorized vaccines appears to be somewhat lessened by the B.1.351 strain in test-tube experiments, but have not been put to the test against it yet in clinical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The policy implications of having different vaccines with different levels of efficacy are huge,” said Carlos del Rio, a professor of infectious diseases at the Emory University School of Medicine. “To deal with this pandemic and stop the spread, I think you use all the tools in the toolbox.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The J&J results are from an interim analysis of a study of 44,325 volunteers in which 468 symptomatic cases of COVID-19 occurred. They are being unveiled Friday morning at a press conference with the National Institutes of Health, which helped run the study as part of the U.S. vaccine effort, known as Operation Warp Speed. Because the study is still ongoing, the data could still change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, which are based on a new technology called mRNA that uses the body’s own cells to produce a key viral protein, the J&J vaccine uses a type of virus called an adenovirus to deliver genes that produce those same viral proteins. A similar technology was used in the vaccine developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J&J said that the trial did not result in any significant safety concerns about the vaccine. A case of stroke in one volunteer, which prompted researchers to pause the trial this fall, was determined to be unrelated to the vaccine, Stoffels said. Fevers occurred in 9% of those who received the vaccine, and fevers of more than 104 degrees occured in 0.2% of vaccine recipients. Serious adverse events were more common among those who received a placebo than the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter the age of volunteers in the study, the vaccine appeared to have strong efficacy, Stoffels said. There had been concerns its effectiveness might be less robust in older people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akiko Iwasaki, a virologist at Yale University, said that the results for both the Novavax and J&J vaccines were strong. She noted that it’s difficult to compare the J&J results to those from other trials, because the earlier trials counted cases of mild COVID-19 whereas the J&J study included only sicker ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, Iwasaki emphasized the importance of simply vaccinating as many people as possible, because the current lack of immunity in the majority of the population, and the high number of cases, is giving the virus an opportunity to mutate more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to get the first dose to as many people as possible,” Iwasaki said. “These variants that are more transmissible and potentially even more lethal are on the rise. I think time is really what we’re fighting against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kert Viele, a statistician at Berry Consultants, made a similar point. Approving more vaccines, and expanding global supply, could mean communities reach herd immunity, in which enough people are inoculated against a pathogen to halt chains of transmission. “If we can lower global cases,” Viele said, “we will reduce the emergence rate of all of these strains to everyone’s benefit, and thus the need for such reformulations in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hope is that the efficacy of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine could rise if it is given as a two-dose regimen. Johnson & Johnson is running another large study, enrolling 30,000 patients, testing two doses of the vaccine given 57 days apart. However, Stoffels said, waiting that long between doses will slow results. He expects results of the two-dose study to read out in the summer or fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The population in the study was “diverse and broad,” J&J said. Patients came from the U.S. (44%), Central and South America (41%) and South Africa (15%). Women made up 45% of the study, and men 55%. Among participants globally, 59% were white, 45% Hispanic or Latinx, 13% were Black, 6% were Asian and 1% were Native American. Volunteers had health conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The J&J vaccine will be far easier to distribute than the mRNA vaccines made by Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech. The vaccine will remain stable for two years at -4 degree Fahrenheit, and will remain stable for up to three months if kept at between 36 degrees and 46 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson & Johnson expects to file with the FDA for an emergency use authorization in early February, and, assuming the vaccine is authorized, will have some product ready to ship immediately after getting a go-ahead. The company declined to give specifics on how much would be available, except to say it expects to make all of its 2021 supply commitments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/08/10/winter-is-coming-as-flu-season-nears-americas-window-of-opportunity-to-beat-back-covid-19-is-narrowing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The company's one-dose COVID vaccine is 66% effective, making it a weapon but not a knockout punch.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Johnson & Johnson said Friday that its single-dose COVID-19 vaccine reduced rates of moderate and severe disease, but the shot appeared less effective in South Africa, where a \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/01/28/south-carolina-first-cases-of-south-africa-variant/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new coronavirus variant\u003c/a> has become common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the vaccine was 66% effective at preventing moderate to severe disease 28 days after vaccination. But efficacy differed depending on geography. The shot was 72% effective among clinical trial volunteers in the U.S, but 66% among those in Latin America, and just 57% among those in South Africa. Though markedly below the levels seen with the first two authorized COVID-19 vaccines, those rates are above the thresholds originally set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for a vaccine to be considered useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine reduced severe disease alone by 85%, and prevented COVID-related hospitalization or death, Johnson & Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a pandemic, if you can, with a single-dose vaccine, very quickly eliminate the severe consequences of death, hospitalization, and severe disease, that’s what’s important for society,” Paul Stoffels, the company’s chief scientific officer, told STAT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Topol, director and founder of the Scripps Research Translational Institute, called the results “disappointing,” but added that a vaccine that prevents the most serious outcomes, such as hospitalization and death, is still valuable. “It reinforces how lucky we were that the first two were more effective,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Anthony Fauci, the director of the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, cautioned at a press conference against making too much of comparisons to prior vaccines, calling the result “extraordinarily important,” noting that severe disease was reduced across the board, even in regions where new variants of the virus were common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So this has really important domestic and global public health implications,” Fauci said, “things that we know about this particular candidate that even add to the importance globally, namely the minimal cold chain requirements, the inexpensive nature of it, the fact that it is one shot and that the company can actually produce in a reasonable period of time, billions of doses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results set off a new phase in the battle against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. Different vaccines against the virus are proving to have varying levels of efficacy, but also distinct attributes that could make them more — or less — valuable in certain contexts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results from the first two authorized vaccines, one from partners Pfizer and BioNtech and a second from Moderna, were considerably stronger, reducing symptomatic infection by about 95%. But those vaccines require two doses. They also come with distribution challenges since they are required to stay at ultra-cold temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new variant of the virus that was first identified in South Africa, B.1.351, throws another monkey wrench into the equation. It appears to make vaccines less effective. Novavax, another vaccine manufacturer, said Thursday that its \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/01/28/novavax-says-its-covid-19-vaccine-is-90-effective-but-far-less-so-against-one-variant/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vaccine was 90% effective\u003c/a> in the U.K. but just 49% effective in South Africa. The existence of such a variant raises the possibility that vaccine makers will have to develop booster shots to protect against it. They might even need to do so regularly, as new strains of the coronavirus emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The efficacy of authorized vaccines appears to be somewhat lessened by the B.1.351 strain in test-tube experiments, but have not been put to the test against it yet in clinical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The policy implications of having different vaccines with different levels of efficacy are huge,” said Carlos del Rio, a professor of infectious diseases at the Emory University School of Medicine. “To deal with this pandemic and stop the spread, I think you use all the tools in the toolbox.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The J&J results are from an interim analysis of a study of 44,325 volunteers in which 468 symptomatic cases of COVID-19 occurred. They are being unveiled Friday morning at a press conference with the National Institutes of Health, which helped run the study as part of the U.S. vaccine effort, known as Operation Warp Speed. Because the study is still ongoing, the data could still change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, which are based on a new technology called mRNA that uses the body’s own cells to produce a key viral protein, the J&J vaccine uses a type of virus called an adenovirus to deliver genes that produce those same viral proteins. A similar technology was used in the vaccine developed by Oxford University and AstraZeneca.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J&J said that the trial did not result in any significant safety concerns about the vaccine. A case of stroke in one volunteer, which prompted researchers to pause the trial this fall, was determined to be unrelated to the vaccine, Stoffels said. Fevers occurred in 9% of those who received the vaccine, and fevers of more than 104 degrees occured in 0.2% of vaccine recipients. Serious adverse events were more common among those who received a placebo than the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter the age of volunteers in the study, the vaccine appeared to have strong efficacy, Stoffels said. There had been concerns its effectiveness might be less robust in older people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Akiko Iwasaki, a virologist at Yale University, said that the results for both the Novavax and J&J vaccines were strong. She noted that it’s difficult to compare the J&J results to those from other trials, because the earlier trials counted cases of mild COVID-19 whereas the J&J study included only sicker ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, Iwasaki emphasized the importance of simply vaccinating as many people as possible, because the current lack of immunity in the majority of the population, and the high number of cases, is giving the virus an opportunity to mutate more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to get the first dose to as many people as possible,” Iwasaki said. “These variants that are more transmissible and potentially even more lethal are on the rise. I think time is really what we’re fighting against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kert Viele, a statistician at Berry Consultants, made a similar point. Approving more vaccines, and expanding global supply, could mean communities reach herd immunity, in which enough people are inoculated against a pathogen to halt chains of transmission. “If we can lower global cases,” Viele said, “we will reduce the emergence rate of all of these strains to everyone’s benefit, and thus the need for such reformulations in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hope is that the efficacy of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine could rise if it is given as a two-dose regimen. Johnson & Johnson is running another large study, enrolling 30,000 patients, testing two doses of the vaccine given 57 days apart. However, Stoffels said, waiting that long between doses will slow results. He expects results of the two-dose study to read out in the summer or fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The population in the study was “diverse and broad,” J&J said. Patients came from the U.S. (44%), Central and South America (41%) and South Africa (15%). Women made up 45% of the study, and men 55%. Among participants globally, 59% were white, 45% Hispanic or Latinx, 13% were Black, 6% were Asian and 1% were Native American. Volunteers had health conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The J&J vaccine will be far easier to distribute than the mRNA vaccines made by Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech. The vaccine will remain stable for two years at -4 degree Fahrenheit, and will remain stable for up to three months if kept at between 36 degrees and 46 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson & Johnson expects to file with the FDA for an emergency use authorization in early February, and, assuming the vaccine is authorized, will have some product ready to ship immediately after getting a go-ahead. The company declined to give specifics on how much would be available, except to say it expects to make all of its 2021 supply commitments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/08/10/winter-is-coming-as-flu-season-nears-americas-window-of-opportunity-to-beat-back-covid-19-is-narrowing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "following-californias-mandate-gm-plans-to-stop-making-gasoline-cars-by-2035",
"title": "GM Sets Goal of Producing Mostly Electric Cars By 2035",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">General Motors plans to phase out the manufacturing of new gasoline-powered cars, small trucks and SUVs, the company said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GM’s goal is to make the vast majority of the vehicles it produces electric by the year 2035. It aims to make the entire company, including its operations, carbon neutral five years after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chairman and CEO Mary Barra said in a LinkedIn \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/general-motors-intends-lead-auto-industry-world-future-mary-barra?trk=public_profile_article_view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">post\u003c/a> that the company’s “aspiration” is to eliminate all of its tailpipe pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The announcement comes a few months after California \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969807/california-to-halt-sales-of-new-gas-cars-by-2035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">banned\u003c/a> the sale of new gasoline-powered vehicles by the same year, 2035, in a bid to encourage automakers to produce more electric cars.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s announcement, as well as other states in the U.S. and other countries, reinforces the commitment that exists for policymakers to do the things that will be necessary to enable this transition,” said Dane Parker, GM’s chief sustainability officer, in an early Thursday morning call with reporters. “And that commitment certainly is an important part of our enthusiasm for being able to make the statements that we’re making today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">GM, the largest carmaker in the U.S., is an early auto industry major player in following California’s example. Japan and the United Kingdom have made similar pledges, with the U.K.’s predating California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The changes are a major shift for the company that a short time ago \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/28/climate/general-motors-california-emissions-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sided with the Trump administration\u003c/a> in its clash with California over pollution standards.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GM \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971224/gm-abandons-trumps-battle-with-california-over-clean-car-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">abandoned\u003c/a> that battle in November, and the Detroit automaker’s push into electric vehicles has gone into overdrive this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">GM has already announced that it will invest $27 billion in electric and autonomous vehicles in the next five years, a 35% increase over plans made before the pandemic. It will offer 30 all-electric models worldwide by the middle of the decade. By the end of 2025, 40% of its U.S. models will be battery electric vehicles. The company plans to include crossovers, SUVs, sedans and trucks in its electric vehicle lineup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">GM said Thursday that it will source 100% renewable energy to power its U.S. sites by 2030 and global sites by 2035. That’s five years faster than its previously announced global goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">And it has a goal of making all new light-duty vehicles, the vast majority of its fleet, fully electric within 14 years. The company will concentrate on offering zero-emissions vehicles in different price ranges. It’s also working with other organizations, including the Environmental Defense Fund, to build out the necessary infrastructure to power its electric vehicles and to promote their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">To account for carbon emissions that it cannot eliminate, GM expects to invest in carbon credits or offsets\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The 112-year-old auto giant unveiled a new corporate logo this month to signify its new direction as it openly pivots to electric vehicles. It wants to be seen as a clean vehicle company, rather than a builder of cloud-spewing gas-powered pickups and SUVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">GM scrapped its old square blue logo for a lower case gm surrounded by rounded corners and an “m” that looks like an electrical plug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">It also announced a new partnership with Microsoft this month with hopes of accelerating its rollout of electric, self-driving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">GM’s push for carbon neutrality comes a day after President Biden signed \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive orders\u003c/a> that include moving to an all-electric federal vehicle fleet. His goal is to transform the nation’s heavily fossil-fuel powered economy into a clean-burning one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">So far, Wall Street has cheered the shift by GM. Its shares this year have outpaced even high-flying Tesla, rising more than 20% to date. Shares rose almost 2% on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Michelle Chapman from the Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ContentView-LeftRail\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"sticky-part\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"RelatedTopics\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"Article\" data-key=\"article\">\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">General Motors plans to phase out the manufacturing of new gasoline-powered cars, small trucks and SUVs, the company said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GM’s goal is to make the vast majority of the vehicles it produces electric by the year 2035. It aims to make the entire company, including its operations, carbon neutral five years after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chairman and CEO Mary Barra said in a LinkedIn \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/general-motors-intends-lead-auto-industry-world-future-mary-barra?trk=public_profile_article_view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">post\u003c/a> that the company’s “aspiration” is to eliminate all of its tailpipe pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The announcement comes a few months after California \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969807/california-to-halt-sales-of-new-gas-cars-by-2035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">banned\u003c/a> the sale of new gasoline-powered vehicles by the same year, 2035, in a bid to encourage automakers to produce more electric cars.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s announcement, as well as other states in the U.S. and other countries, reinforces the commitment that exists for policymakers to do the things that will be necessary to enable this transition,” said Dane Parker, GM’s chief sustainability officer, in an early Thursday morning call with reporters. “And that commitment certainly is an important part of our enthusiasm for being able to make the statements that we’re making today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">GM, the largest carmaker in the U.S., is an early auto industry major player in following California’s example. Japan and the United Kingdom have made similar pledges, with the U.K.’s predating California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The changes are a major shift for the company that a short time ago \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/28/climate/general-motors-california-emissions-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sided with the Trump administration\u003c/a> in its clash with California over pollution standards.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GM \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1971224/gm-abandons-trumps-battle-with-california-over-clean-car-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">abandoned\u003c/a> that battle in November, and the Detroit automaker’s push into electric vehicles has gone into overdrive this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">GM has already announced that it will invest $27 billion in electric and autonomous vehicles in the next five years, a 35% increase over plans made before the pandemic. It will offer 30 all-electric models worldwide by the middle of the decade. By the end of 2025, 40% of its U.S. models will be battery electric vehicles. The company plans to include crossovers, SUVs, sedans and trucks in its electric vehicle lineup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">GM said Thursday that it will source 100% renewable energy to power its U.S. sites by 2030 and global sites by 2035. That’s five years faster than its previously announced global goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">And it has a goal of making all new light-duty vehicles, the vast majority of its fleet, fully electric within 14 years. The company will concentrate on offering zero-emissions vehicles in different price ranges. It’s also working with other organizations, including the Environmental Defense Fund, to build out the necessary infrastructure to power its electric vehicles and to promote their use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">To account for carbon emissions that it cannot eliminate, GM expects to invest in carbon credits or offsets\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The 112-year-old auto giant unveiled a new corporate logo this month to signify its new direction as it openly pivots to electric vehicles. It wants to be seen as a clean vehicle company, rather than a builder of cloud-spewing gas-powered pickups and SUVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">GM scrapped its old square blue logo for a lower case gm surrounded by rounded corners and an “m” that looks like an electrical plug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">It also announced a new partnership with Microsoft this month with hopes of accelerating its rollout of electric, self-driving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">GM’s push for carbon neutrality comes a day after President Biden signed \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">executive orders\u003c/a> that include moving to an all-electric federal vehicle fleet. His goal is to transform the nation’s heavily fossil-fuel powered economy into a clean-burning one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">So far, Wall Street has cheered the shift by GM. Its shares this year have outpaced even high-flying Tesla, rising more than 20% to date. Shares rose almost 2% on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Michelle Chapman from the Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ContentView-LeftRail\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"sticky-part\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"RelatedTopics\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"Article\" data-key=\"article\">\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Groundbreaking Bill Would Require Large Companies To Track Carbon Emissions",
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"content": "\u003cp>Large companies doing business in California would have to inventory their carbon emissions and set science-based targets for cutting them, under legislation introduced at the state capitol Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to do business in California, the public has a right to know what your carbon footprint is,” says state Sen. Scott Wiener, a San Francisco Democrat. “Climate change is an existential threat for our world, and we are nearing a tipping point where we’re not going to be able to pull back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Climate Corporate Accountability Act, or SB 260, would apply to all companies making more than a billion dollars a year and doing business in California, regardless of where the company has headquarters. It would require these businesses to disclose a thorough inventory of their carbon emissions each year. That kind of deep accounting would include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Direct emissions, such as burning fossil fuels at a refinery, or emissions from trucks and planes at a freight company;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Indirect emissions, caused by, for example, the electricity used to keep lights on in a building; and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Harder-to-measure secondary emissions, including the carbon footprint of business travel and employee commutes, and emissions produced in the company’s supply chain.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If the legislation passes, the California Air Resources Board would develop accounting rules giving major corporations three years to be transparent about their climate impacts, and one more year to take action. Companies would then report their carbon inventories annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener says detailed climate emissions data could enable regulators to enforce limits for ozone, particulate matter, and cancer-causing air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once businesses are disclosing their comprehensive carbon footprint, not just their core operations, but also their electricity they’re using, their supply chains, their employee commutes and so forth, it creates accountability,” says Wiener.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes as major investors and some corporations appear to be shifting attitudes toward accountability, if not transparency, around their contributions to climate change. Not long ago, the chief executive of the world’s biggest investment manager, BlackRock, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/26/business/dealbook/larry-fink-letter-blackrock-climate.html\">called on\u003c/a> companies “to disclose a plan for how their business model will be compatible with a net-zero economy,” and \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jan/26/asset-manager-blackrock-threatens-to-sell-shares-in-worst-climate-polluters\">threatened\u003c/a> to sell shares in the world’s worst climate polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you go into fast-food restaurants in California, you know what the calories are, because the state said people have to be able to understand this in order to make decisions in a healthy and open way,” says Michael Schmitz, Carbon Accountable’s co-executive director. “In the climate area the need for that kind of data is the same, and we think that data should be public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some sectors of the economy, including large carbon emitters from stationary sources, already disclose some emissions to state regulators, as part of California’s cap-and-trade program. Wiener says the legislation expands on that principle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not that many companies do it and they don’t report a broad enough array of their carbon emissions,” Wiener says. “We already have a foundation and we’re building on that and making it more comprehensive and broader.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://carbonaccountable.org/\">Carbon Accountable\u003c/a>, which worked with Wiener in crafting the legislation, says that as many 1,400 publicly-traded companies and 3,800 private ones might be subject to the proposed requirements, based on Dun & Bradstreet records. That includes a diverse array of companies from Facebook to FedEx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the key thing is making sure that we understand where the emissions are coming from in our goal of getting to zero emissions or carbon neutrality by 2045,” said EPA Secretary Jared Blumenfeld, who added, “we really need to move to an economy-wide program” to achieve that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other state has required either full carbon-footprint transparency of companies, or science-based goals for reducing emissions. Carbon Accountable’s Schmitz says that, according to his research, SB 260 would be the first accountability rule of its kind in the country. The California League of Conservation Voters and Sunrise Bay Area also sponsor the bill.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Large companies doing business in California would have to inventory their carbon emissions and set science-based targets for cutting them, under legislation introduced at the state capitol Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you want to do business in California, the public has a right to know what your carbon footprint is,” says state Sen. Scott Wiener, a San Francisco Democrat. “Climate change is an existential threat for our world, and we are nearing a tipping point where we’re not going to be able to pull back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Climate Corporate Accountability Act, or SB 260, would apply to all companies making more than a billion dollars a year and doing business in California, regardless of where the company has headquarters. It would require these businesses to disclose a thorough inventory of their carbon emissions each year. That kind of deep accounting would include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Direct emissions, such as burning fossil fuels at a refinery, or emissions from trucks and planes at a freight company;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Indirect emissions, caused by, for example, the electricity used to keep lights on in a building; and\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Harder-to-measure secondary emissions, including the carbon footprint of business travel and employee commutes, and emissions produced in the company’s supply chain.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If the legislation passes, the California Air Resources Board would develop accounting rules giving major corporations three years to be transparent about their climate impacts, and one more year to take action. Companies would then report their carbon inventories annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wiener says detailed climate emissions data could enable regulators to enforce limits for ozone, particulate matter, and cancer-causing air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once businesses are disclosing their comprehensive carbon footprint, not just their core operations, but also their electricity they’re using, their supply chains, their employee commutes and so forth, it creates accountability,” says Wiener.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes as major investors and some corporations appear to be shifting attitudes toward accountability, if not transparency, around their contributions to climate change. Not long ago, the chief executive of the world’s biggest investment manager, BlackRock, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/26/business/dealbook/larry-fink-letter-blackrock-climate.html\">called on\u003c/a> companies “to disclose a plan for how their business model will be compatible with a net-zero economy,” and \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jan/26/asset-manager-blackrock-threatens-to-sell-shares-in-worst-climate-polluters\">threatened\u003c/a> to sell shares in the world’s worst climate polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you go into fast-food restaurants in California, you know what the calories are, because the state said people have to be able to understand this in order to make decisions in a healthy and open way,” says Michael Schmitz, Carbon Accountable’s co-executive director. “In the climate area the need for that kind of data is the same, and we think that data should be public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some sectors of the economy, including large carbon emitters from stationary sources, already disclose some emissions to state regulators, as part of California’s cap-and-trade program. Wiener says the legislation expands on that principle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not that many companies do it and they don’t report a broad enough array of their carbon emissions,” Wiener says. “We already have a foundation and we’re building on that and making it more comprehensive and broader.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://carbonaccountable.org/\">Carbon Accountable\u003c/a>, which worked with Wiener in crafting the legislation, says that as many 1,400 publicly-traded companies and 3,800 private ones might be subject to the proposed requirements, based on Dun & Bradstreet records. That includes a diverse array of companies from Facebook to FedEx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the key thing is making sure that we understand where the emissions are coming from in our goal of getting to zero emissions or carbon neutrality by 2045,” said EPA Secretary Jared Blumenfeld, who added, “we really need to move to an economy-wide program” to achieve that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No other state has required either full carbon-footprint transparency of companies, or science-based goals for reducing emissions. Carbon Accountable’s Schmitz says that, according to his research, SB 260 would be the first accountability rule of its kind in the country. The California League of Conservation Voters and Sunrise Bay Area also sponsor the bill.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How California Is Trying to Fix Vaccine Distribution",
"headTitle": "How California Is Trying to Fix Vaccine Distribution | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/26/960631326/california-nations-most-populous-state-struggles-with-vaccine-rollout\">muddled county-based coronavirus vaccine distribution system\u003c/a> has stoked confusion, frustration and angst for citizens across America’s most populous state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the deadly epicenter of the nation’s winter coronavirus surge, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/covid-vaccine-tracker-global-distribution/?sref=6tVQ4M2U\">consistently ranked in the very bottom tier\u003c/a> of states in vaccinations administered per capita. State officials say missing vaccination data and collection snafus are partly to blame. But in the face of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2021/01/18/newsoms-bungled-vaccine-rollout-misleads-seniors/\">ongoing criticism \u003c/a>that high-tech California can’t seem to efficiently administer the vaccine at scale, state leaders have announced a major do-over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The in-progress revamp includes the launch of \u003ca href=\"https://myturn.ca.gov/\">a statewide vaccine portal \u003c/a>next month and bringing in an as-yet unnamed third-party administrator to help fix a jumbled system that basically has each of the state’s 58 counties running its own vaccine program. State public health leaders say the moves, which follow \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/01/26/960741787/california-health-secretary-on-lifting-stay-at-home-orders-and-vaccinations\">the lifting of regional stay-at-home orders,\u003c/a> will centralize delivery and streamline appointments while bolstering data collection, equity and accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Californians have heard these pledges before. Skeptics say Gov. Gavin Newsom is once again over-promising as he faces criticism, lawsuits and a nascent, yet growing, recall movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Eric Westervelt spoke with the woman helping to lead the revamp effort, California’s Surgeon General Dr. Nadine Burke Harris, about vaccine equity, transparency, and the distribution makeover underway. Dr. Burke Harris took the helm of the newly created office less than a year before the pandemic struck.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cem>Interview Highlights\u003c/em>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eric Westervelt: The vaccine distribution in California has not gone perfectly, to say the least. What have you learned from the rollout of this phase 1A to health care workers and nursing home residents? And how have those lessons changed your vaccine planning going forward?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Nadine Burke Harris\u003c/strong>: Well, we’ve learned a tremendous amount, as you can imagine. Ramping up this type of vaccine distribution process, particularly in a state as large and diverse as California, is certainly a challenge. And you’re absolutely right. We started off, it was a bit rocky, and the governor gave us a challenge, what we call the 10-day vaccine challenge. And we were able in 10 days to triple the number of folks that we had vaccinated in the previous 10 days. So we did a rapid ramp-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we recognize that it’s really important for us to have, you know, a simple and straightforward strategy, to have a very clear statewide strategy. We do a lot with our our counties, which I think is a strength in California. But in this case, it was a challenge for administering the vaccine as quickly as we possibly could. And we also want to be clear with the public about a simple, straightforward way for them to understand when it’s their turn and how they can get vaccinated. And these are all things that we are now really doubling down on improving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now a third-party administrator will allocate vaccines directly to providers to maximize distribution efficiency. Do I have that right? Who is this third-party administrator and what role will they play? How will they work with counties?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, so that’s exactly right: A third-party administrator will allocate vaccines directly to providers. And to your question of who is the third-party administrator, that is currently being negotiated. So unfortunately, I don’t have a name for you on that. But what I can tell you is that the goal is to really simplify and streamline, you know, really matching capacity and capability with vaccine supply so that we can most efficiently vaccinate as many Californians as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But what kind of administrator are you looking at, what kind of skill set? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certainly we’re looking for an entity that has very, very strong logistics and tracking and data tracking capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So basically UPS meets Google?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Laughs) You won’t get me to say more than that, unfortunately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But all of these things are still a work in progress: hiring a third-party administrator; getting the \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://myturn.ca.gov/\">\u003cstrong>sign-up website up and running statewide\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> and getting better data to operationalize equity and distribution. And it’s all still contingent on getting more vaccine doses from the federal government. What do you say to Californians who are frustrated and say, “You know, this is all sounds good, but it’s still all aspirational?” Are we going to be waiting months before we actually get the shot in the arm?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I want to acknowledge very plainly: There is a constraint on supply of vaccine, so there are many people who will have to wait until they get a shot in the arm. We recognize there were some challenges, there were some bumps. That said, we are working around-the-clock to make sure that the only constraint is the supply. And when [the federal government] is able to ramp up supply, we’re able to get those shots in arms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The state announced it hopes to simplify eligibility and that future groups will become eligible for the vaccine based on age, and that this will allow the state to scale capacity while ensuring equity. Could you clarify the balance on age and equity? So will an older Latino farmworker in Imperial County get precedence over, say, an elderly person in Berkeley? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are moving to an age-based system because what the data tells [sic] us is that age is, by far, the strongest predictor of risk of hospitalization and death. We had started out with a system based on our occupational sectors. We started with our health care workers. We also identified that individuals who were in senior residential care facilities were at dramatically disproportionate risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we had included our 65-plus ages in tier one of phase 1B, and we also had occupational sectors based on occupational exposure. That included our agricultural workers, it included our educators, child care workers. Now, when that tier is completed, California will move to a straight age-based system. And as we look at an age based system, we are holding equity at the center of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are a couple of levers that we can pull to operationalize equity. That includes doing the outreach, working with community-based organization and partners to really leverage and mobilize trusted messengers within the community to make sure that we are focusing some on vulnerable communities, such as those who are lower income, those who are facing occupational exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of your question, a farmworker versus someone in Berkeley, what we do in that situation, I wouldn’t call it prioritization, but if the data is [sic] telling us that in our Central Valley, where we have a high density of farmworkers, we have a very high density of cases, we might allocate more doses to those places where we are seeing a high numbers of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So you will be able to put the vaccine fire hose maybe more focused on where you’re seeing the greatest need? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s right, that’s exactly part of the intent of what we’re trying to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When do you think the state will be able to release better and more granular data about vaccine distribution by county, by age, by race and the share of health care workers who’ve been vaccinated so far? Many other states, as you know, are doing this. California is not. This is key to the sort of equity, transparency issues the governor talks about a lot. But, you know, talk is one thing, let’s see the data. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, that’s part of the reason for transitioning to a third-party administrator, right, is to have that level of transparency, data collection, accountability. Those are exactly the challenges that we will be solving with this approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Biden administration has said there’s this need to balance speedy vaccine distribution and delivery with equity. Why are speed and equity, necessarily, opposing forces? What is the right balance, in your view? And how, specifically, in California do you hope to achieve that balance?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I want to clarify that myth: I don’t think that speed and equity are opposing forces. But I think that if we think only about speed and we don’t do it thoughtfully, we can undermine equity. But speed and equity absolutely can be achieved at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can achieve equity through means of allocation, through means of outreach, identifying what are the barriers and supporting those communities here in California. We’ve been looking at using a tool called the Healthy Places Index, which helps to identify which communities are at greater risk of contracting COVID-19. It looks at things like transportation, housing, access to health care, access to services. And no surprise, the areas in the lowest quartile, the neighborhoods that have the lowest availability of these community resources that help to ensure health, they are seeing the highest rates of COVID-19. And not only the highest rates, but also the highest hospitalizations and death rates. And so when we talk about equity, we are talking about using data to drive a smart way for allocating our supports to communities to prevent the pandemic from boiling over in the areas that are most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The CDC vaccine tracker shows doses distributed and doses administered. It’s basically a measure for speed. What kind of specific metrics do we need to measure equity in California, in your view?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m looking at things like social vulnerability, looking at which communities are most likely to be have occupational exposures, more likely to contract COVID-19 and more likely to have poorer outcomes. Do they have access to health care or are we looking at situations where, when folks begin to feel symptomatic, they don’t have a regular health care provider that they can go to. And it takes longer to identify a case of COVID-19 and there’s increased risk of spread as a result. So these are some of the data points that we are looking at here in California to make sure that we can be as aggressive and effective as possible at curbing this pandemic by targeting the places where we see the spread is the fastest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in California, one example is among our farmworker community. We see very high rates of spread, disproportionate contraction of COVID-19, as well as hospitalization and death among our Latino population, which is the vast majority of farmworkers in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thank you for your time. I know Californians are wishing you and all your colleagues Godspeed on this important work. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thank you. If you know a public health official right now, maybe send them some flowers (laughs) because we are all working triple overtime to make sure that we have a really solid vaccine allocation framework for the state of California and that our only limitation is supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=COVID-19+Vaccine+Distribution%3A+How+High-Tech+California+Is+Now+Trying+To+Fix+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The nation's most populous state says it's pivoting fast following a chaotic and inefficient county-based rollout of the vaccine. Surgeon General Dr. Nadine Burke Harris tells NPR about the do-over.",
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"description": "The nation's most populous state says it's pivoting fast following a chaotic and inefficient county-based rollout of the vaccine. Surgeon General Dr. Nadine Burke Harris tells NPR about the do-over.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/26/960631326/california-nations-most-populous-state-struggles-with-vaccine-rollout\">muddled county-based coronavirus vaccine distribution system\u003c/a> has stoked confusion, frustration and angst for citizens across America’s most populous state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, the deadly epicenter of the nation’s winter coronavirus surge, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/covid-vaccine-tracker-global-distribution/?sref=6tVQ4M2U\">consistently ranked in the very bottom tier\u003c/a> of states in vaccinations administered per capita. State officials say missing vaccination data and collection snafus are partly to blame. But in the face of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2021/01/18/newsoms-bungled-vaccine-rollout-misleads-seniors/\">ongoing criticism \u003c/a>that high-tech California can’t seem to efficiently administer the vaccine at scale, state leaders have announced a major do-over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The in-progress revamp includes the launch of \u003ca href=\"https://myturn.ca.gov/\">a statewide vaccine portal \u003c/a>next month and bringing in an as-yet unnamed third-party administrator to help fix a jumbled system that basically has each of the state’s 58 counties running its own vaccine program. State public health leaders say the moves, which follow \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/01/26/960741787/california-health-secretary-on-lifting-stay-at-home-orders-and-vaccinations\">the lifting of regional stay-at-home orders,\u003c/a> will centralize delivery and streamline appointments while bolstering data collection, equity and accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Californians have heard these pledges before. Skeptics say Gov. Gavin Newsom is once again over-promising as he faces criticism, lawsuits and a nascent, yet growing, recall movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Eric Westervelt spoke with the woman helping to lead the revamp effort, California’s Surgeon General Dr. Nadine Burke Harris, about vaccine equity, transparency, and the distribution makeover underway. Dr. Burke Harris took the helm of the newly created office less than a year before the pandemic struck.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cem>Interview Highlights\u003c/em>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Eric Westervelt: The vaccine distribution in California has not gone perfectly, to say the least. What have you learned from the rollout of this phase 1A to health care workers and nursing home residents? And how have those lessons changed your vaccine planning going forward?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Nadine Burke Harris\u003c/strong>: Well, we’ve learned a tremendous amount, as you can imagine. Ramping up this type of vaccine distribution process, particularly in a state as large and diverse as California, is certainly a challenge. And you’re absolutely right. We started off, it was a bit rocky, and the governor gave us a challenge, what we call the 10-day vaccine challenge. And we were able in 10 days to triple the number of folks that we had vaccinated in the previous 10 days. So we did a rapid ramp-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we recognize that it’s really important for us to have, you know, a simple and straightforward strategy, to have a very clear statewide strategy. We do a lot with our our counties, which I think is a strength in California. But in this case, it was a challenge for administering the vaccine as quickly as we possibly could. And we also want to be clear with the public about a simple, straightforward way for them to understand when it’s their turn and how they can get vaccinated. And these are all things that we are now really doubling down on improving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Now a third-party administrator will allocate vaccines directly to providers to maximize distribution efficiency. Do I have that right? Who is this third-party administrator and what role will they play? How will they work with counties?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, so that’s exactly right: A third-party administrator will allocate vaccines directly to providers. And to your question of who is the third-party administrator, that is currently being negotiated. So unfortunately, I don’t have a name for you on that. But what I can tell you is that the goal is to really simplify and streamline, you know, really matching capacity and capability with vaccine supply so that we can most efficiently vaccinate as many Californians as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But what kind of administrator are you looking at, what kind of skill set? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Certainly we’re looking for an entity that has very, very strong logistics and tracking and data tracking capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So basically UPS meets Google?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Laughs) You won’t get me to say more than that, unfortunately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But all of these things are still a work in progress: hiring a third-party administrator; getting the \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://myturn.ca.gov/\">\u003cstrong>sign-up website up and running statewide\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> and getting better data to operationalize equity and distribution. And it’s all still contingent on getting more vaccine doses from the federal government. What do you say to Californians who are frustrated and say, “You know, this is all sounds good, but it’s still all aspirational?” Are we going to be waiting months before we actually get the shot in the arm?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I want to acknowledge very plainly: There is a constraint on supply of vaccine, so there are many people who will have to wait until they get a shot in the arm. We recognize there were some challenges, there were some bumps. That said, we are working around-the-clock to make sure that the only constraint is the supply. And when [the federal government] is able to ramp up supply, we’re able to get those shots in arms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The state announced it hopes to simplify eligibility and that future groups will become eligible for the vaccine based on age, and that this will allow the state to scale capacity while ensuring equity. Could you clarify the balance on age and equity? So will an older Latino farmworker in Imperial County get precedence over, say, an elderly person in Berkeley? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are moving to an age-based system because what the data tells [sic] us is that age is, by far, the strongest predictor of risk of hospitalization and death. We had started out with a system based on our occupational sectors. We started with our health care workers. We also identified that individuals who were in senior residential care facilities were at dramatically disproportionate risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we had included our 65-plus ages in tier one of phase 1B, and we also had occupational sectors based on occupational exposure. That included our agricultural workers, it included our educators, child care workers. Now, when that tier is completed, California will move to a straight age-based system. And as we look at an age based system, we are holding equity at the center of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are a couple of levers that we can pull to operationalize equity. That includes doing the outreach, working with community-based organization and partners to really leverage and mobilize trusted messengers within the community to make sure that we are focusing some on vulnerable communities, such as those who are lower income, those who are facing occupational exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of your question, a farmworker versus someone in Berkeley, what we do in that situation, I wouldn’t call it prioritization, but if the data is [sic] telling us that in our Central Valley, where we have a high density of farmworkers, we have a very high density of cases, we might allocate more doses to those places where we are seeing a high numbers of cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So you will be able to put the vaccine fire hose maybe more focused on where you’re seeing the greatest need? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s right, that’s exactly part of the intent of what we’re trying to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When do you think the state will be able to release better and more granular data about vaccine distribution by county, by age, by race and the share of health care workers who’ve been vaccinated so far? Many other states, as you know, are doing this. California is not. This is key to the sort of equity, transparency issues the governor talks about a lot. But, you know, talk is one thing, let’s see the data. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, that’s part of the reason for transitioning to a third-party administrator, right, is to have that level of transparency, data collection, accountability. Those are exactly the challenges that we will be solving with this approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Biden administration has said there’s this need to balance speedy vaccine distribution and delivery with equity. Why are speed and equity, necessarily, opposing forces? What is the right balance, in your view? And how, specifically, in California do you hope to achieve that balance?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I want to clarify that myth: I don’t think that speed and equity are opposing forces. But I think that if we think only about speed and we don’t do it thoughtfully, we can undermine equity. But speed and equity absolutely can be achieved at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can achieve equity through means of allocation, through means of outreach, identifying what are the barriers and supporting those communities here in California. We’ve been looking at using a tool called the Healthy Places Index, which helps to identify which communities are at greater risk of contracting COVID-19. It looks at things like transportation, housing, access to health care, access to services. And no surprise, the areas in the lowest quartile, the neighborhoods that have the lowest availability of these community resources that help to ensure health, they are seeing the highest rates of COVID-19. And not only the highest rates, but also the highest hospitalizations and death rates. And so when we talk about equity, we are talking about using data to drive a smart way for allocating our supports to communities to prevent the pandemic from boiling over in the areas that are most vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The CDC vaccine tracker shows doses distributed and doses administered. It’s basically a measure for speed. What kind of specific metrics do we need to measure equity in California, in your view?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m looking at things like social vulnerability, looking at which communities are most likely to be have occupational exposures, more likely to contract COVID-19 and more likely to have poorer outcomes. Do they have access to health care or are we looking at situations where, when folks begin to feel symptomatic, they don’t have a regular health care provider that they can go to. And it takes longer to identify a case of COVID-19 and there’s increased risk of spread as a result. So these are some of the data points that we are looking at here in California to make sure that we can be as aggressive and effective as possible at curbing this pandemic by targeting the places where we see the spread is the fastest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in California, one example is among our farmworker community. We see very high rates of spread, disproportionate contraction of COVID-19, as well as hospitalization and death among our Latino population, which is the vast majority of farmworkers in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thank you for your time. I know Californians are wishing you and all your colleagues Godspeed on this important work. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thank you. If you know a public health official right now, maybe send them some flowers (laughs) because we are all working triple overtime to make sure that we have a really solid vaccine allocation framework for the state of California and that our only limitation is supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=COVID-19+Vaccine+Distribution%3A+How+High-Tech+California+Is+Now+Trying+To+Fix+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "we-cant-wait-any-longer-biden-issues-sweeping-executive-orders-on-climate",
"title": "‘We Can’t Wait Any Longer’: Biden Issues Sweeping Executive Orders on Climate",
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"headTitle": "‘We Can’t Wait Any Longer’: Biden Issues Sweeping Executive Orders on Climate | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bpSkdYUtNU&feature=emb_logo\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the most ambitious U.S. effort to stave off the worst effects of climate change, President Biden issued executive orders Wednesday to cut oil, gas and coal emissions and double energy production from offshore wind turbines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The orders target federal subsidies for oil and other fossil fuels and halt new oil and gas leases on federal lands and waters. They also aim to conserve 30% of the country’s lands and ocean waters in the next 10 years and move to an all-electric federal vehicle fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden’s sweeping plan is aimed at slowing human-caused global warming, but it also carries political risk for the president and Democrats as oil- and coal-producing states face job losses from moves to sharply increase U.S. reliance on clean energy such as wind and solar power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“We can’t wait any longer″ to address the climate crisis, Biden said at the White House. ”We see with our own eyes. We know it in our bones. It is time to act.″\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">He said his orders will “supercharge our administration’s ambitious plan to confront the existential threat of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden has set a goal of eliminating pollution from fossil fuel in the power sector by 2035 and from the U.S. economy overall by 2050, speeding what is already a market-driven growth of solar and wind energy and lessening the country’s dependence on oil and gas. The aggressive plan is aimed at slowing human-caused global warming that is magnifying extreme weather events such as deadly wildfires in the West and drenching rains and hurricanes in the East.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden acknowledged the political risk, repeatedly stating that his approach would create jobs in the renewable energy and automotive sectors to offset any losses in oil, coal or natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“When I think of climate change and the answers to it, I think of jobs,” Biden said. “We’re going to put people to work. We’re not going to lose jobs. These aren’t pie-in-the-sky dreams. These are concrete actionable solutions. And we know how to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">In a change from previous administrations of both parties, Biden also is directing agencies to focus help and investment on the low-income and minority communities that live closest to polluting refineries and other hazards, and the oil- and coal-patch towns that face job losses as the U.S. moves to sharply increase its reliance on wind, solar and other other energy sources that do not emit climate-warming greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden pledged to create up to a million jobs building electric cars, as well as installing solar panels, wind turbines, “capping abandoned walls, reclaiming mines, turning old brownfield sites into the new hubs of economic growth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Even so, Republicans immediately criticized the plan as a job killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“Pie-in-the-sky government mandates and directives that restrict our mining, oil, and gas industries adversely impact our energy security and independence,” said Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers of Washington state, the top Republican on the House Energy and Commerce Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“At a time when millions are struggling due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the last thing Americans need is big government destroying jobs, while costing the economy billions of dollars,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden also is elevating climate change to a national security priority. The conservation plan would set aside millions of acres for recreation, wildlife and climate efforts by 2030 as part of Biden’s campaign pledge for a $2 trillion program to slow global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Former President Donald Trump, who ridiculed the science of climate change, withdrew the U.S. from the Paris global climate accord, opened more public lands to coal, gas and oil production and weakened regulation on fossil fuel emissions. Experts say these emissions are heating the Earth’s climate dangerously and worsening floods, droughts and other natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Georgia Tech climate scientist Kim Cobb called the executive orders an “excellent start” for the new administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“If this Day 7 momentum is representative of this administration’s four-year term, there is every reason to believe that we might achieve carbon neutrality sooner than 2050,” even as key roadblocks lie ahead, Cobb said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden’s actions came as his nominee for energy secretary, former Michigan Gov. Jennifer Granholm, faced deep skepticism from Republicans as she tried to pitch the president’s vision for a green economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“The last Democratic administration went on a regulatory rampage to slow or stop energy production,” said Wyoming Sen. John Barrasso, a leading Republican on the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee. “I’m not going to sit idly by … if the Biden administration enforces policies that threaten Wyoming’s economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Granholm, as the leader of a state devastated by the 2008 recession, said she knew what it was like to “look in the eyes of men and women who have lost their jobs through no fault of their own.” She promoted emerging clean energy technologies, such as battery manufacturing, as an answer for jobs that will be lost as the U.S. transitions away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Granholm and other officials said the investment in cleaner energy nationally will net millions of jobs. But that probably will take years to happen, and the orders will face intense opposition from oil and gas and power plant industries, as well as from many Republican — and Democratic — lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“The environmental left is leading the agenda at the White House when it comes to energy and environment issues,″ said Kathleen Sgamma, president of the Western Energy Alliance, which represents oil and gas drillers in Western states. The group filed a legal challenge soon after Biden signed the orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden is seeking to double energy production from offshore wind after the Trump administration slowed permit review of some giant offshore wind turbine projects. Significantly, he is directing agencies to eliminate spending that acts as subsidies for fossil fuel industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“The fossil fuel industry has inflicted tremendous damage on the planet. The administration’s review, if done correctly, will show that filthy fracking and drilling must end for good, everywhere,″ said Kierán Suckling, executive director at the Center for Biological Diversity, an environmental group that has pushed for the drilling pause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Oil industry groups said Biden had already eliminated thousands of oil and gas jobs by killing \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-alberta-2fbcce48372f5c29c3ae6f6f93907a6d\">the Keystone XL oil pipeline\u003c/a> on his first day in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“Do not be fooled, this is a ban” on drilling, said Dan Naatz of the Independent Petroleum Association of America. “The Biden administration’s plan to obliterate the jobs of American oil and gas explorers and producers has been on clear display.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The pause in onshore leasing is limited to federal lands and does not affect drilling on private lands, which is largely regulated by states. It also will not affect existing leases and could be further blunted by companies that stockpiled enough drilling permits in Trump’s final months to allow them to keep pumping oil and gas for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The order exempts tribal lands, mainly in the West, that are used for energy production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden also will direct all U.S. agencies to use science and evidence-based decision-making in federal rule-making and announce a U.S.-hosted climate leaders summit on Earth Day, April 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Alexandra Jaffe and Brian Slodysko contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/2bpSkdYUtNU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/2bpSkdYUtNU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>In the most ambitious U.S. effort to stave off the worst effects of climate change, President Biden issued executive orders Wednesday to cut oil, gas and coal emissions and double energy production from offshore wind turbines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The orders target federal subsidies for oil and other fossil fuels and halt new oil and gas leases on federal lands and waters. They also aim to conserve 30% of the country’s lands and ocean waters in the next 10 years and move to an all-electric federal vehicle fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden’s sweeping plan is aimed at slowing human-caused global warming, but it also carries political risk for the president and Democrats as oil- and coal-producing states face job losses from moves to sharply increase U.S. reliance on clean energy such as wind and solar power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“We can’t wait any longer″ to address the climate crisis, Biden said at the White House. ”We see with our own eyes. We know it in our bones. It is time to act.″\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">He said his orders will “supercharge our administration’s ambitious plan to confront the existential threat of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden has set a goal of eliminating pollution from fossil fuel in the power sector by 2035 and from the U.S. economy overall by 2050, speeding what is already a market-driven growth of solar and wind energy and lessening the country’s dependence on oil and gas. The aggressive plan is aimed at slowing human-caused global warming that is magnifying extreme weather events such as deadly wildfires in the West and drenching rains and hurricanes in the East.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden acknowledged the political risk, repeatedly stating that his approach would create jobs in the renewable energy and automotive sectors to offset any losses in oil, coal or natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“When I think of climate change and the answers to it, I think of jobs,” Biden said. “We’re going to put people to work. We’re not going to lose jobs. These aren’t pie-in-the-sky dreams. These are concrete actionable solutions. And we know how to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">In a change from previous administrations of both parties, Biden also is directing agencies to focus help and investment on the low-income and minority communities that live closest to polluting refineries and other hazards, and the oil- and coal-patch towns that face job losses as the U.S. moves to sharply increase its reliance on wind, solar and other other energy sources that do not emit climate-warming greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden pledged to create up to a million jobs building electric cars, as well as installing solar panels, wind turbines, “capping abandoned walls, reclaiming mines, turning old brownfield sites into the new hubs of economic growth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Even so, Republicans immediately criticized the plan as a job killer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“Pie-in-the-sky government mandates and directives that restrict our mining, oil, and gas industries adversely impact our energy security and independence,” said Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers of Washington state, the top Republican on the House Energy and Commerce Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“At a time when millions are struggling due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the last thing Americans need is big government destroying jobs, while costing the economy billions of dollars,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden also is elevating climate change to a national security priority. The conservation plan would set aside millions of acres for recreation, wildlife and climate efforts by 2030 as part of Biden’s campaign pledge for a $2 trillion program to slow global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Former President Donald Trump, who ridiculed the science of climate change, withdrew the U.S. from the Paris global climate accord, opened more public lands to coal, gas and oil production and weakened regulation on fossil fuel emissions. Experts say these emissions are heating the Earth’s climate dangerously and worsening floods, droughts and other natural disasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Georgia Tech climate scientist Kim Cobb called the executive orders an “excellent start” for the new administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“If this Day 7 momentum is representative of this administration’s four-year term, there is every reason to believe that we might achieve carbon neutrality sooner than 2050,” even as key roadblocks lie ahead, Cobb said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden’s actions came as his nominee for energy secretary, former Michigan Gov. Jennifer Granholm, faced deep skepticism from Republicans as she tried to pitch the president’s vision for a green economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“The last Democratic administration went on a regulatory rampage to slow or stop energy production,” said Wyoming Sen. John Barrasso, a leading Republican on the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee. “I’m not going to sit idly by … if the Biden administration enforces policies that threaten Wyoming’s economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Granholm, as the leader of a state devastated by the 2008 recession, said she knew what it was like to “look in the eyes of men and women who have lost their jobs through no fault of their own.” She promoted emerging clean energy technologies, such as battery manufacturing, as an answer for jobs that will be lost as the U.S. transitions away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Granholm and other officials said the investment in cleaner energy nationally will net millions of jobs. But that probably will take years to happen, and the orders will face intense opposition from oil and gas and power plant industries, as well as from many Republican — and Democratic — lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“The environmental left is leading the agenda at the White House when it comes to energy and environment issues,″ said Kathleen Sgamma, president of the Western Energy Alliance, which represents oil and gas drillers in Western states. The group filed a legal challenge soon after Biden signed the orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Biden is seeking to double energy production from offshore wind after the Trump administration slowed permit review of some giant offshore wind turbine projects. Significantly, he is directing agencies to eliminate spending that acts as subsidies for fossil fuel industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“The fossil fuel industry has inflicted tremendous damage on the planet. The administration’s review, if done correctly, will show that filthy fracking and drilling must end for good, everywhere,″ said Kierán Suckling, executive director at the Center for Biological Diversity, an environmental group that has pushed for the drilling pause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">Oil industry groups said Biden had already eliminated thousands of oil and gas jobs by killing \u003ca class=\"\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-alberta-2fbcce48372f5c29c3ae6f6f93907a6d\">the Keystone XL oil pipeline\u003c/a> on his first day in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">“Do not be fooled, this is a ban” on drilling, said Dan Naatz of the Independent Petroleum Association of America. “The Biden administration’s plan to obliterate the jobs of American oil and gas explorers and producers has been on clear display.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-62 Component-p-0-2-53\">The pause in onshore leasing is limited to federal lands and does not affect drilling on private lands, which is largely regulated by states. 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"content": "\u003cp>President Biden will announce Tuesday that his administration is working to purchase an additional 200 million doses of the two COVID-19 vaccines that have been authorized for emergency use, with the goal, the White House says, of having enough vaccine supply for nearly the entire U.S. population by the end of the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration says it plans to buy an additional 100 million doses each from both Moderna and Pfizer, which has a vaccine with its German counterpart, BioNTech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This increases the total vaccine order for the U.S. by 50%, from 400 million to 600 million with these additional doses expected to deliver this summer,” the White House said in a fact sheet it put out before planned remarks from the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines require a two-dose regimen per person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planned announcement from Biden comes nearly a week into his presidency, and as he has repeated that the rollout of vaccines — to help alleviate the devastating coronavirus pandemic, and to put unemployed Americans back to work — is his top priority. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/01/816707182/map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus-in-the-u-s\">More than 420,000\u003c/a> Americans are now confirmed to have died from COVID-19 — a figure that’s likely a \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/01/25/undercounting-covid-19-deaths-greatest-in-pro-trump-areas-analysis-shows/\">severe undercount\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has said his goal is to get 100 million shots into arms in the first 100 days of his administration, a figure that was in line with \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/covid-vaccine-tracker-global-distribution/?srnd=storythread-QKT7T1T0G1L501\">earlier trends\u003c/a> and has been called too low by many experts. Speaking on Monday, Biden threw out a higher figure he’d like to see: 150 million shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The allocation and delivery of vaccines — now crossing two administrations — has been troubled. Some 20 million more doses have been distributed by the federal government than have actually been administered to people, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations\">latest tally\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a call with senior administration officials before Biden’s remarks, one official noted two constraining factors on the vaccination effort: supply of vaccines and an ability by states and localities to administer vaccines quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next three weeks, the Biden administration says it will boost supply to states, tribes and territories from a current 8.6 million doses a week to a minimum of 10 million doses per week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And responding to complaints from state and local officials about a lack of understanding about what vaccine supply to expect, the administration is also pledging more transparency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Department of Health and Human Services will provide allocation estimates for the upcoming three weeks as opposed to the one week look-ahead that they previously received,” the White House said in its fact sheet. “This increased transparency will give state and local leaders greater certainty around supply so that they can plan their vaccination efforts and administer vaccines effectively and efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior administration official called the vaccine distribution a “daunting endeavor” and urged Congress to pass Biden’s $1.9 trillion rescue package to provide billions in funding to aid in the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Biden+Administration+Is+Working+To+Buy+200+Million+More+COVID-19+Vaccine+Doses&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Biden will announce Tuesday that his administration is working to purchase an additional 200 million doses of the two COVID-19 vaccines that have been authorized for emergency use, with the goal, the White House says, of having enough vaccine supply for nearly the entire U.S. population by the end of the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration says it plans to buy an additional 100 million doses each from both Moderna and Pfizer, which has a vaccine with its German counterpart, BioNTech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This increases the total vaccine order for the U.S. by 50%, from 400 million to 600 million with these additional doses expected to deliver this summer,” the White House said in a fact sheet it put out before planned remarks from the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines require a two-dose regimen per person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planned announcement from Biden comes nearly a week into his presidency, and as he has repeated that the rollout of vaccines — to help alleviate the devastating coronavirus pandemic, and to put unemployed Americans back to work — is his top priority. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/01/816707182/map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus-in-the-u-s\">More than 420,000\u003c/a> Americans are now confirmed to have died from COVID-19 — a figure that’s likely a \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2021/01/25/undercounting-covid-19-deaths-greatest-in-pro-trump-areas-analysis-shows/\">severe undercount\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has said his goal is to get 100 million shots into arms in the first 100 days of his administration, a figure that was in line with \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/covid-vaccine-tracker-global-distribution/?srnd=storythread-QKT7T1T0G1L501\">earlier trends\u003c/a> and has been called too low by many experts. Speaking on Monday, Biden threw out a higher figure he’d like to see: 150 million shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The allocation and delivery of vaccines — now crossing two administrations — has been troubled. Some 20 million more doses have been distributed by the federal government than have actually been administered to people, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations\">latest tally\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a call with senior administration officials before Biden’s remarks, one official noted two constraining factors on the vaccination effort: supply of vaccines and an ability by states and localities to administer vaccines quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next three weeks, the Biden administration says it will boost supply to states, tribes and territories from a current 8.6 million doses a week to a minimum of 10 million doses per week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And responding to complaints from state and local officials about a lack of understanding about what vaccine supply to expect, the administration is also pledging more transparency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Department of Health and Human Services will provide allocation estimates for the upcoming three weeks as opposed to the one week look-ahead that they previously received,” the White House said in its fact sheet. “This increased transparency will give state and local leaders greater certainty around supply so that they can plan their vaccination efforts and administer vaccines effectively and efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior administration official called the vaccine distribution a “daunting endeavor” and urged Congress to pass Biden’s $1.9 trillion rescue package to provide billions in funding to aid in the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Biden+Administration+Is+Working+To+Buy+200+Million+More+COVID-19+Vaccine+Doses&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Biden is moving quickly on climate change on his first day in office, saying he plans to sign a sweeping executive order to undo many of the Trump administration’s environmental rollbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s pledge to rejoin the international Paris climate accord tops his list of immediate steps. Former President Donald Trump announced the United States’ withdrawal from the landmark agreement in 2017, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/03/930312701/u-s-officially-leaving-paris-climate-agreement\">completed in November 2020\u003c/a>. Trump’s administration also weakened or undid other, lesser-known climate and environmental policies that Biden has vowed to restore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden will instruct federal agencies to review more than 100 policies, many crucial to curbing heat-trapping emissions, including fuel economy standards for cars and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/13/901863874/trumps-methane-rollback-that-big-oil-doesn-t-want\">pollution limits on the oil and gas industry\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cry for survival comes from the planet itself, a cry that can’t be any more desperate or any more clear,” Biden said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/inauguration-day-live-updates/2021/01/20/958793060/biden-celebrates-triumph-of-democracy-in-inaugural-address\">in his inaugural address\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration systematically loosened Obama-era environmental standards that range from from energy efficiency standards for appliances and buildings to air quality standards designed to protect public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those rollbacks, like fuel economy standards for cars and trucks, went further than industry wanted. Under Obama, automakers had negotiated efficiency standards that gradually became tougher year after year. Federal agencies under Trump instead froze the standards, leading some automakers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/25/745389326/california-signs-deal-with-automakers-to-produce-fuel-efficient-cars\">voluntarily agree\u003c/a> to continue with the tougher rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuel efficiency of cars and trucks in the U.S. fell for the first time in five years in 2019, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Transportation is the country’s largest source of greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration will also instruct the federal government to consider the long-term economic impacts of climate change when making new regulations, what’s known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/710/707776.pdf\">“social cost” of carbon\u003c/a>. Under Obama, those costs were weighed against the immediate cost a new regulation might pose to an industry, given that climate impacts are increasingly costing billions across many economic sectors. The Trump administration did away with that practice in 2017. Biden is reestablishing the working group to issue those guidelines, including weighing “environmental justice and intergenerational equity” considerations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planned moves were applauded by environmental groups, who warn that the U.S. has little time to act to cut emissions. Scientists say that the world is on track to exceed 1.5 Celsius of warming, which will lead to higher sea level rise and more extreme heat waves and hurricanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sweeping nature of these executive orders are an important down payment in addressing the tatters left behind by President Trump,” Dr. Kathleen Rest, executive director at the Union of Concerned Scientists, said in a statement. “They seek to reverse policies that fly in the face of science, harm public health and degrade the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+Moves+Quickly+On+Climate+Change%2C+Reversing+Trump+Rollbacks&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Biden is moving quickly on climate change on his first day in office, saying he plans to sign a sweeping executive order to undo many of the Trump administration’s environmental rollbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s pledge to rejoin the international Paris climate accord tops his list of immediate steps. Former President Donald Trump announced the United States’ withdrawal from the landmark agreement in 2017, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/03/930312701/u-s-officially-leaving-paris-climate-agreement\">completed in November 2020\u003c/a>. Trump’s administration also weakened or undid other, lesser-known climate and environmental policies that Biden has vowed to restore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden will instruct federal agencies to review more than 100 policies, many crucial to curbing heat-trapping emissions, including fuel economy standards for cars and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/13/901863874/trumps-methane-rollback-that-big-oil-doesn-t-want\">pollution limits on the oil and gas industry\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A cry for survival comes from the planet itself, a cry that can’t be any more desperate or any more clear,” Biden said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/inauguration-day-live-updates/2021/01/20/958793060/biden-celebrates-triumph-of-democracy-in-inaugural-address\">in his inaugural address\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration systematically loosened Obama-era environmental standards that range from from energy efficiency standards for appliances and buildings to air quality standards designed to protect public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those rollbacks, like fuel economy standards for cars and trucks, went further than industry wanted. Under Obama, automakers had negotiated efficiency standards that gradually became tougher year after year. Federal agencies under Trump instead froze the standards, leading some automakers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/25/745389326/california-signs-deal-with-automakers-to-produce-fuel-efficient-cars\">voluntarily agree\u003c/a> to continue with the tougher rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuel efficiency of cars and trucks in the U.S. fell for the first time in five years in 2019, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Transportation is the country’s largest source of greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration will also instruct the federal government to consider the long-term economic impacts of climate change when making new regulations, what’s known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/assets/710/707776.pdf\">“social cost” of carbon\u003c/a>. Under Obama, those costs were weighed against the immediate cost a new regulation might pose to an industry, given that climate impacts are increasingly costing billions across many economic sectors. The Trump administration did away with that practice in 2017. Biden is reestablishing the working group to issue those guidelines, including weighing “environmental justice and intergenerational equity” considerations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planned moves were applauded by environmental groups, who warn that the U.S. has little time to act to cut emissions. Scientists say that the world is on track to exceed 1.5 Celsius of warming, which will lead to higher sea level rise and more extreme heat waves and hurricanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sweeping nature of these executive orders are an important down payment in addressing the tatters left behind by President Trump,” Dr. Kathleen Rest, executive director at the Union of Concerned Scientists, said in a statement. “They seek to reverse policies that fly in the face of science, harm public health and degrade the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+Moves+Quickly+On+Climate+Change%2C+Reversing+Trump+Rollbacks&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Did Earth Receive a Radio Transmission From Proxima Centauri? ",
"headTitle": "Did Earth Receive a Radio Transmission From Proxima Centauri? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A team of astronomers is hard at work analyzing an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://public.nrao.edu/blogs/whats-that-radio-signal-from-proxima-centauri/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">unusual radio signal\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> detected early in 2019 by the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.csiro.au/en/Research/Facilities/ATNF/Parkes-radio-telescope/About-Parkes\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parkes telescope\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a 64-meter radio dish in eastern Australia. The signal appears to have come from the direction of Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to our solar system, and its characteristics are more typical of an artificial broadcast than a natural radio source. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Is this the long-awaited sign of intelligent life out there among the stars, proof that we are not alone in the universe? More exciting — or concerning, depending on how you feel about space aliens — are there ETs living in the next star system over, our closest neighbor in the galaxy? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s tantalizing to imagine this. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972091\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1972091\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/ProximaCentaur-ESA-NASA-HST.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/ProximaCentaur-ESA-NASA-HST.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/ProximaCentaur-ESA-NASA-HST-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hubble Space Telescope image of the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, the smallest and faintest member of the triple Alpha Centauri star system, and the closest star to our solar system. \u003ccite>(ESA/NASA/Hubble)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, even the signal’s discoverers, researchers with a group called the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/breakthrough-listen\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Breakthrough Listen Initiative\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, caution that although the signal had very particular qualities that set it apart from typical natural radio emissions, it will most likely turn out to be noise or interference caused by our own communication technology here on Earth, or even a natural phenomenon that has simply not been observed before. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, at this moment, the possibility has not been ruled out for an intercepted alien transmission, so there’s still some space to let our imaginations play with the idea a bit. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Signal\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://astronomy.com/news/2020/12/heres-what-we-know-about-the-signal-from-proxima-centauri\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">radio signal\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that has stirred up so much excitement was detected during observations of flares erupting from the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, the smallest member of the triple Alpha Centauri system. At a distance of only 4.25 light years, Proxima Centauri is a stone’s throw away, astronomically speaking.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The signal was concentrated in a very narrow slice of the radio frequency spectrum, at 982 megahertz, which is typical of an artificial transmission. Signals from \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/ems/05_radiowaves\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">natural sources\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> contain a wider mix of frequencies. Researchers listen for exactly this kind of narrow signal as they monitor star systems for any of non-natural, non-human origin. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1972093\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/Proxima-b-surface-artist-concept-ESO-M.-Kornmesser-UNIGE..jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/Proxima-b-surface-artist-concept-ESO-M.-Kornmesser-UNIGE..jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/Proxima-b-surface-artist-concept-ESO-M.-Kornmesser-UNIGE.-160x70.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the surface of the super-Earth-sized exoplanet Proxima Centauri b, which orbits the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri within its habitable zone where it is warm enough for the existence of liquid surface water. We have no close-up pictures of this world, and whether water exists on its surface is yet unknown. \u003ccite>(ESO/M.-Kornmesser/UNIGE)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s exciting to imagine that we have heard the radio whispers from extraterrestrial technology, whether it was a deliberate transmission aimed at us or merely ET’s television broadcasts drifting through space. Adding to the excitement, Proxima Centauri is known to possess at least two planets. One of them, a “super-Earth” called \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7167/proxima-centauri-b/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proxima Centauri b\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, orbits within its star’s habitable zone, at the right distance for the star’s warmth to support liquid surface water and a potentially life-friendly environment. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/did-proxima-centauri-just-call-say-hello-not-really\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">researchers at Breakthrough Listen Initiative caution\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that with further analysis, the unusual signal will most likely turn out to be only radio interference from human technology — which has happened before — a final conclusion hasn’t been made. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Breakthrough Listen Initiative\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Breakthrough Listen Initiative is a $100 million international effort to discover radio transmissions from extraterrestrial civilizations. Kicked off by Israeli-Russian billionaire Yuri Milner and Stephen Hawking in 2015, the Initiative is the most advanced and comprehensive ET-finding program humans have ever embarked on. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The 10-year project will survey a million nearby stars, the entire plane of the Milky Way galaxy, and 100 nearby galaxies. The ambitious scale of these goals speaks loudly. There is still huge enthusiasm for answering the question: Is humanity alone in the cosmos, or do we share the galaxy with other intelligent, technological civilizations?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1972094\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/tess__2-nasa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/tess__2-nasa.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/tess__2-nasa-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which is currently surveying the closest stars to our solar system for extrasolar planets. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To help guide its search, the Breakthrough Listen Initiative is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/press-release/breakthrough-listen-collaborate-scientists-nasas-transiting-exoplanet-survey-satellite-tess-team\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">partnering with a NASA \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">mission searching the nearest stars for \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">extrasolar planets\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/tess-transiting-exoplanet-survey-satellite/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">TESS\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> spacecraft is expected to find thousands of exoplanets, including worlds the size of Earth, orbiting within their stars’ habitable zones. Targeting stars where TESS has discovered potentially life-friendly worlds improves the initiative’s chances of finding one with an intelligent, technological civilization. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientists have been using radio telescopes for decades to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-search-for-extraterre/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">search for transmissions of intelligent origin\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, going back practically to the genesis of radio technology in the early 20th century. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://seti.org/?gclid=CjwKCAiA_9r_BRBZEiwAHZ_v1yV8BAR7KdwOg4GbNz_xsD63nCOyj0b8bIe3lsPgNWnwjHKwL6wAJxoCqn0QAvD_BwE\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">SETI\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, brought scientists together in the 1980s in a coordinated effort to detect ET radio signals, and was popularized in the 1997 movie “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118884/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Contact\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” adapted from the novel by Carl Sagan. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Piecing together the facts around Proxima Centauri and the unusual signal detected by the Parkes radio telescope, it’s tempting to envision some far-out possibilities. A seemingly artificial signal coming from the closest star system? An Earth-sized planet with an environment possibly friendly to life? The discovery excites the imagination. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if the signal ultimately turns out to be a trick of our own technology, while there’s still a fleeting chance of a world-changing event like discovering extraterrestrial intelligence, we can enjoy a moment reveling in the possibility. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A team of astronomers is hard at work analyzing an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://public.nrao.edu/blogs/whats-that-radio-signal-from-proxima-centauri/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">unusual radio signal\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> detected early in 2019 by the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.csiro.au/en/Research/Facilities/ATNF/Parkes-radio-telescope/About-Parkes\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parkes telescope\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a 64-meter radio dish in eastern Australia. The signal appears to have come from the direction of Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to our solar system, and its characteristics are more typical of an artificial broadcast than a natural radio source. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Is this the long-awaited sign of intelligent life out there among the stars, proof that we are not alone in the universe? More exciting — or concerning, depending on how you feel about space aliens — are there ETs living in the next star system over, our closest neighbor in the galaxy? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s tantalizing to imagine this. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972091\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1972091\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/ProximaCentaur-ESA-NASA-HST.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/ProximaCentaur-ESA-NASA-HST.jpg 600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/ProximaCentaur-ESA-NASA-HST-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hubble Space Telescope image of the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, the smallest and faintest member of the triple Alpha Centauri star system, and the closest star to our solar system. \u003ccite>(ESA/NASA/Hubble)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, even the signal’s discoverers, researchers with a group called the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/breakthrough-listen\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Breakthrough Listen Initiative\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, caution that although the signal had very particular qualities that set it apart from typical natural radio emissions, it will most likely turn out to be noise or interference caused by our own communication technology here on Earth, or even a natural phenomenon that has simply not been observed before. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Still, at this moment, the possibility has not been ruled out for an intercepted alien transmission, so there’s still some space to let our imaginations play with the idea a bit. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The Signal\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://astronomy.com/news/2020/12/heres-what-we-know-about-the-signal-from-proxima-centauri\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">radio signal\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that has stirred up so much excitement was detected during observations of flares erupting from the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri, the smallest member of the triple Alpha Centauri system. At a distance of only 4.25 light years, Proxima Centauri is a stone’s throw away, astronomically speaking.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The signal was concentrated in a very narrow slice of the radio frequency spectrum, at 982 megahertz, which is typical of an artificial transmission. Signals from \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/ems/05_radiowaves\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">natural sources\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> contain a wider mix of frequencies. Researchers listen for exactly this kind of narrow signal as they monitor star systems for any of non-natural, non-human origin. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1972093\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/Proxima-b-surface-artist-concept-ESO-M.-Kornmesser-UNIGE..jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/Proxima-b-surface-artist-concept-ESO-M.-Kornmesser-UNIGE..jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/Proxima-b-surface-artist-concept-ESO-M.-Kornmesser-UNIGE.-160x70.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the surface of the super-Earth-sized exoplanet Proxima Centauri b, which orbits the red dwarf star Proxima Centauri within its habitable zone where it is warm enough for the existence of liquid surface water. We have no close-up pictures of this world, and whether water exists on its surface is yet unknown. \u003ccite>(ESO/M.-Kornmesser/UNIGE)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s exciting to imagine that we have heard the radio whispers from extraterrestrial technology, whether it was a deliberate transmission aimed at us or merely ET’s television broadcasts drifting through space. Adding to the excitement, Proxima Centauri is known to possess at least two planets. One of them, a “super-Earth” called \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7167/proxima-centauri-b/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proxima Centauri b\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, orbits within its star’s habitable zone, at the right distance for the star’s warmth to support liquid surface water and a potentially life-friendly environment. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/did-proxima-centauri-just-call-say-hello-not-really\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">researchers at Breakthrough Listen Initiative caution\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that with further analysis, the unusual signal will most likely turn out to be only radio interference from human technology — which has happened before — a final conclusion hasn’t been made. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Breakthrough Listen Initiative\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Breakthrough Listen Initiative is a $100 million international effort to discover radio transmissions from extraterrestrial civilizations. Kicked off by Israeli-Russian billionaire Yuri Milner and Stephen Hawking in 2015, the Initiative is the most advanced and comprehensive ET-finding program humans have ever embarked on. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The 10-year project will survey a million nearby stars, the entire plane of the Milky Way galaxy, and 100 nearby galaxies. The ambitious scale of these goals speaks loudly. There is still huge enthusiasm for answering the question: Is humanity alone in the cosmos, or do we share the galaxy with other intelligent, technological civilizations?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1972094\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/tess__2-nasa.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/tess__2-nasa.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2021/01/tess__2-nasa-160x119.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), which is currently surveying the closest stars to our solar system for extrasolar planets. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To help guide its search, the Breakthrough Listen Initiative is \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seti.org/press-release/breakthrough-listen-collaborate-scientists-nasas-transiting-exoplanet-survey-satellite-tess-team\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">partnering with a NASA \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">mission searching the nearest stars for \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">extrasolar planets\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. The \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/tess-transiting-exoplanet-survey-satellite/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">TESS\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> spacecraft is expected to find thousands of exoplanets, including worlds the size of Earth, orbiting within their stars’ habitable zones. Targeting stars where TESS has discovered potentially life-friendly worlds improves the initiative’s chances of finding one with an intelligent, technological civilization. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientists have been using radio telescopes for decades to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-search-for-extraterre/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">search for transmissions of intelligent origin\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, going back practically to the genesis of radio technology in the early 20th century. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://seti.org/?gclid=CjwKCAiA_9r_BRBZEiwAHZ_v1yV8BAR7KdwOg4GbNz_xsD63nCOyj0b8bIe3lsPgNWnwjHKwL6wAJxoCqn0QAvD_BwE\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">SETI\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence, brought scientists together in the 1980s in a coordinated effort to detect ET radio signals, and was popularized in the 1997 movie “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118884/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Contact\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” adapted from the novel by Carl Sagan. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Piecing together the facts around Proxima Centauri and the unusual signal detected by the Parkes radio telescope, it’s tempting to envision some far-out possibilities. A seemingly artificial signal coming from the closest star system? An Earth-sized planet with an environment possibly friendly to life? The discovery excites the imagination. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if the signal ultimately turns out to be a trick of our own technology, while there’s still a fleeting chance of a world-changing event like discovering extraterrestrial intelligence, we can enjoy a moment reveling in the possibility. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Wild Horses, Part of Romantic West, Are Causing Havoc in Northeast California",
"headTitle": "Wild Horses, Part of Romantic West, Are Causing Havoc in Northeast California | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>In the northeast corner of California, feral horses roam in an area of the Modoc National Forest known as Devil’s Garden. The high desert plateau in the northeastern corner of the state is filled with juniper trees, sage brush, and not quite enough grass for all the grazing animals that live there. A fight over how to manage the horses shifted recently when Congress funded a plan to reduce herds on federal lands. KQED’s Brian Watt recently spoke with \u003cstrong>Sacramento Bee reporter Ryan Sabalow\u003c/strong>, who covered the Devil’s Garden horses in his series, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/article247934210.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nothing Wild.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did these horses come to be living in the wild?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ryan Sabalow\u003c/em>: Some of these horses in the West can trace their ancestry back to the Spanish settlers in the 16th and 17th centuries. The difference with the Devil’s Garden herd is these horses are much more newcomers. They’ve been around since about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/modoc_war\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Modoc War\u003c/a>, which was in the 1800s.[pullquote]‘You can’t find a piece of California, really, that hasn’t been fundamentally altered by humans since the Gold Rush. Yet there’s this huge romantic notion that if we just leave these places alone, they’ll re-wild themselves.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Devil’s Garden herd is unique in that it’s managed by the U.S. Forest Service instead of the Bureau of Land Management. The BLM manages about 100,000 wild horses on millions of acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is that wild horses are not a native species. The federal government is trying to figure out a way to reduce their numbers to try to benefit all these other animals that are out there, while still allowing cattle ranchers to make a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>These horses are wrapped up in a romantic narrative about freedom in the Old West. So what’s at stake here?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a deep, deep, emotional connection to wild horses that advocates have. And there’s a really kind of troubling history of how horses were managed, particularly on these BLM lands, for the first half of the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972212\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1972212 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/03_SAC_DMK_Wildhorses.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/03_SAC_DMK_Wildhorses.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/03_SAC_DMK_Wildhorses-160x97.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A herd of wild horses are corralled into a holding pen in Devil’s Garden in the Modoc National Forest on Sept. 10, 2020. \u003ccite>(Daniel Kim/Sacramento Bee (used with permission))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They were basically rounded up, sent to slaughter for dog food and glue. They were shipped overseas to fight in World War I. They were treated like livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After World War II, there was a fundamental shift in how we viewed wild horses. The horse population in the West was going down, and that coincided with the romance of the American West that was basically all over TV and Hollywood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 1971, President Richard Nixon passed a law that protected wild horses, basically saying they are a fundamental part of the American West and they deserve to be protected just like our wildlife. What that basically set in stone was a policy where the federal government can’t kill these animals, and it has created all kinds of headaches for land managers ever since, because horses are prolific breeders. And in many of these areas, they’re breeding to the point where they’re overwhelming the ecosystems they’re in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What effect are the horses having on the landscape?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area is struggling with a lot of ecological stressors right now. The entire base of the food chain is filled with these invasive grasses that have come in over the last few decades; you have juniper trees growing everywhere, and in places where they shouldn’t be. On top of this, you have cattle and wild horses being raised on these lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native species are suffering. Sage-grouse numbers have declined precipitously. There used to be like 14,000 of these animals in the Devil’s Garden. They’re now down to like five; just a couple of years ago they counted five grouse in the middle of their breeding area. The local deer herd numbers are in decline. There used to be tens of thousands in what’s known as the Interstate Deer Herd. Just a couple of years ago they counted under 5,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The horse advocates would say, well, if we just removed some of the cows from these areas, the horses would have ample feed. The government says: We don’t allow the cattle to be out there all year long. They’re only allowed to forage for a certain amount of time per year, so the ranchers have to make sure they leave a certain amount of feed available for the wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the horses are out there year-round. I actually went out to one of these protected springs in the Devil’s Garden, which is a really formidable place — it’s called Devil’s Garden for a reason. It’s a high desert, extremely cold, extremely hot, depending on time of year. Lava rocks everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you get are these critically important springs that bubble up from the lava rock. I went to one of these places where cattle ranchers are supposed to put a fence around the spring. And the horses, because they need to get to the green grass and that fresh clean water that bubbles up, they just tear the fence right down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972209\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1972209 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring-800x538.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring-800x538.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring-1020x686.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring-768x517.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“It should be a little oasis. And it’s gone.” — Ken Sandusky, a spokesman for the Modoc National Forest, at a headwaters spring where the native grasses were trampled and eaten by horses on Sept. 11, 2020. \u003ccite>(Ryan Sabalow/Sacramento Bee (used with permission))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This place should have been this lush meadow, fenced off from cows, that the deer and the antelope could get into. And it was mowed down; basically it looked like a putting-green covered in horse apples … just completely stomped down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The folks at the Forest Service tell me there are other springs that the horses had got in and trampled to the point that the water stopped flowing. If you’re a native animal that needs that to survive, that’s bad news; that’s your feed that they’re eating. That’s the water you need to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wild horses are also very aggressive. There have been studies that show they’ll chase away deer and elk and other animals that come in and try to get into these springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The omnibus bill Congress approved last month includes money for the Bureau of Land Management to cut herd sizes. How does that gets accomplished?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current method that’s used just about everywhere is to pay these helicopter cowboys. They set up temporary holding corrals, and they have helicopters that come out, and they try to push as many horses into these corrals as possible to try to reduce the numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government then puts the horses up for adoption, but not all are adoptable. Unadopted animals have ended up in permanent BLM corrals or private wild horse sanctuaries across the country. There’s been some talk of using either surgical sterilization or birth control, but right now the primary focus is helicopters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4nl4HKSZt4&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does that get us closer to any solution to the problem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2016, they had about 2,200 horses in the Devil’s Garden herd. They’ve done three years of these roundups, and they figure they’ve got about 1,000 adult horses out there now. That’s still twice what the federal government says the land can sustainably support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those numbers could also be undercounts, because it’s really hard to keep track. You’ve got these animals living out in these vast places. There are a lot of juniper trees and little canyons and things that the horses can get lost in when counters are trying to count them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Horse advocates say, however, those numbers are inflated and that the government is doing these roundups to appease the cattle ranchers; there’s that side of things as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In the series, you wrote that disagreements over managing wildlife in this region are emblematic of larger divisions within the country. What do you mean by that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wanted to get into this idea that you can’t find a piece of California, really, that hasn’t been fundamentally altered by humans since the Gold Rush. Yet there’s this huge romantic notion that if we just leave these places alone, they’ll re-wild themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I argue that this northeastern corner of California is so fundamentally changed, that’s basically impossible. And it’s not fair to cut out the small rural communities that rely on these places for their livelihoods. How do we split the difference to try to save what’s left?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of that, I explore this concept of saving things to death. Every environmental issue with any sort of controversy is [the subject of lawsuits] by the varying factions, sometimes multiple times. These varying groups oftentimes have noble intentions. But it leads to very little innovation by public land managers to act quickly to save species and habitats, because basically, agencies right now are constantly in lawsuit-prevention mode. On the wild horse issue, the ranchers have sued the federal government over too many horses, and the horse advocates have sued over the horse management plan that’s tied to these roundups, because they feel it’s inhumane to remove these animals like the federal government’s doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you’ve got these intense ideals just bashing each other constantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972214\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1972214 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b-800x772.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"772\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b-800x772.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b-1020x984.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b-160x154.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b-768x741.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A male greater sage-grouse struts to attract females at a lek (breeding or dancing ground) near Bodie, California. Once in the 19th century, sage-grouse were so numerous that hungry European settlers ate them to survive as they expanded across the American West. \u003ccite>(Jeannie Stafford/USFWS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The series also explores how every once in a while people of goodwill will come together and come up with an environmental compromise that tries to save species and habitats while allowing people to continue to make a living on these habitats, and then hardliners come in and kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of my stories mention these compromises around trying to save the sage-grouse in this area, as well as another big compromise that tried to share water, allowing the Klamath River to save salmon, farmers to farm, fishermen to fish. What has ended up happening is hard-liners have come in and basically spiked those agreements through the courts, or just through inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scientist I spoke to said one of the challenges around this issue in Devil’s Garden is this romantic notion about wild horses: They are so tied to our notions of what the West is. But he said the problem with that is that you often lose the ecological piece of what’s going on. One of the things he wishes is that instead of giving every little kid a My Little Pony, we give them a My Little Sage-grouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Feral horses evoke romantic notions of a Wild West to many a horse lover, but in the Modoc Naional Forest, the animals are breeding out of control, damaging landscapes and harming native species such as sage-grouse and deer.",
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"description": "Feral horses evoke romantic notions of a Wild West to many a horse lover, but in the Modoc Naional Forest, the animals are breeding out of control, damaging landscapes and harming native species such as sage-grouse and deer.",
"title": "Wild Horses, Part of Romantic West, Are Causing Havoc in Northeast California | KQED",
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"headline": "Wild Horses, Part of Romantic West, Are Causing Havoc in Northeast California",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the northeast corner of California, feral horses roam in an area of the Modoc National Forest known as Devil’s Garden. The high desert plateau in the northeastern corner of the state is filled with juniper trees, sage brush, and not quite enough grass for all the grazing animals that live there. A fight over how to manage the horses shifted recently when Congress funded a plan to reduce herds on federal lands. KQED’s Brian Watt recently spoke with \u003cstrong>Sacramento Bee reporter Ryan Sabalow\u003c/strong>, who covered the Devil’s Garden horses in his series, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/article247934210.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nothing Wild.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did these horses come to be living in the wild?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ryan Sabalow\u003c/em>: Some of these horses in the West can trace their ancestry back to the Spanish settlers in the 16th and 17th centuries. The difference with the Devil’s Garden herd is these horses are much more newcomers. They’ve been around since about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/modoc_war\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Modoc War\u003c/a>, which was in the 1800s.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘You can’t find a piece of California, really, that hasn’t been fundamentally altered by humans since the Gold Rush. Yet there’s this huge romantic notion that if we just leave these places alone, they’ll re-wild themselves.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Devil’s Garden herd is unique in that it’s managed by the U.S. Forest Service instead of the Bureau of Land Management. The BLM manages about 100,000 wild horses on millions of acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue is that wild horses are not a native species. The federal government is trying to figure out a way to reduce their numbers to try to benefit all these other animals that are out there, while still allowing cattle ranchers to make a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>These horses are wrapped up in a romantic narrative about freedom in the Old West. So what’s at stake here?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a deep, deep, emotional connection to wild horses that advocates have. And there’s a really kind of troubling history of how horses were managed, particularly on these BLM lands, for the first half of the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972212\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1972212 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/03_SAC_DMK_Wildhorses.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"465\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/03_SAC_DMK_Wildhorses.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/03_SAC_DMK_Wildhorses-160x97.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A herd of wild horses are corralled into a holding pen in Devil’s Garden in the Modoc National Forest on Sept. 10, 2020. \u003ccite>(Daniel Kim/Sacramento Bee (used with permission))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They were basically rounded up, sent to slaughter for dog food and glue. They were shipped overseas to fight in World War I. They were treated like livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After World War II, there was a fundamental shift in how we viewed wild horses. The horse population in the West was going down, and that coincided with the romance of the American West that was basically all over TV and Hollywood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 1971, President Richard Nixon passed a law that protected wild horses, basically saying they are a fundamental part of the American West and they deserve to be protected just like our wildlife. What that basically set in stone was a policy where the federal government can’t kill these animals, and it has created all kinds of headaches for land managers ever since, because horses are prolific breeders. And in many of these areas, they’re breeding to the point where they’re overwhelming the ecosystems they’re in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What effect are the horses having on the landscape?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area is struggling with a lot of ecological stressors right now. The entire base of the food chain is filled with these invasive grasses that have come in over the last few decades; you have juniper trees growing everywhere, and in places where they shouldn’t be. On top of this, you have cattle and wild horses being raised on these lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native species are suffering. Sage-grouse numbers have declined precipitously. There used to be like 14,000 of these animals in the Devil’s Garden. They’re now down to like five; just a couple of years ago they counted five grouse in the middle of their breeding area. The local deer herd numbers are in decline. There used to be tens of thousands in what’s known as the Interstate Deer Herd. Just a couple of years ago they counted under 5,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The horse advocates would say, well, if we just removed some of the cows from these areas, the horses would have ample feed. The government says: We don’t allow the cattle to be out there all year long. They’re only allowed to forage for a certain amount of time per year, so the ranchers have to make sure they leave a certain amount of feed available for the wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the horses are out there year-round. I actually went out to one of these protected springs in the Devil’s Garden, which is a really formidable place — it’s called Devil’s Garden for a reason. It’s a high desert, extremely cold, extremely hot, depending on time of year. Lava rocks everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you get are these critically important springs that bubble up from the lava rock. I went to one of these places where cattle ranchers are supposed to put a fence around the spring. And the horses, because they need to get to the green grass and that fresh clean water that bubbles up, they just tear the fence right down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972209\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1972209 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring-800x538.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring-800x538.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring-1020x686.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring-768x517.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/Sanduskyatthespring.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“It should be a little oasis. And it’s gone.” — Ken Sandusky, a spokesman for the Modoc National Forest, at a headwaters spring where the native grasses were trampled and eaten by horses on Sept. 11, 2020. \u003ccite>(Ryan Sabalow/Sacramento Bee (used with permission))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This place should have been this lush meadow, fenced off from cows, that the deer and the antelope could get into. And it was mowed down; basically it looked like a putting-green covered in horse apples … just completely stomped down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The folks at the Forest Service tell me there are other springs that the horses had got in and trampled to the point that the water stopped flowing. If you’re a native animal that needs that to survive, that’s bad news; that’s your feed that they’re eating. That’s the water you need to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wild horses are also very aggressive. There have been studies that show they’ll chase away deer and elk and other animals that come in and try to get into these springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The omnibus bill Congress approved last month includes money for the Bureau of Land Management to cut herd sizes. How does that gets accomplished?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current method that’s used just about everywhere is to pay these helicopter cowboys. They set up temporary holding corrals, and they have helicopters that come out, and they try to push as many horses into these corrals as possible to try to reduce the numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government then puts the horses up for adoption, but not all are adoptable. Unadopted animals have ended up in permanent BLM corrals or private wild horse sanctuaries across the country. There’s been some talk of using either surgical sterilization or birth control, but right now the primary focus is helicopters.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/_4nl4HKSZt4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/_4nl4HKSZt4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does that get us closer to any solution to the problem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2016, they had about 2,200 horses in the Devil’s Garden herd. They’ve done three years of these roundups, and they figure they’ve got about 1,000 adult horses out there now. That’s still twice what the federal government says the land can sustainably support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those numbers could also be undercounts, because it’s really hard to keep track. You’ve got these animals living out in these vast places. There are a lot of juniper trees and little canyons and things that the horses can get lost in when counters are trying to count them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Horse advocates say, however, those numbers are inflated and that the government is doing these roundups to appease the cattle ranchers; there’s that side of things as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In the series, you wrote that disagreements over managing wildlife in this region are emblematic of larger divisions within the country. What do you mean by that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wanted to get into this idea that you can’t find a piece of California, really, that hasn’t been fundamentally altered by humans since the Gold Rush. Yet there’s this huge romantic notion that if we just leave these places alone, they’ll re-wild themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I argue that this northeastern corner of California is so fundamentally changed, that’s basically impossible. And it’s not fair to cut out the small rural communities that rely on these places for their livelihoods. How do we split the difference to try to save what’s left?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of that, I explore this concept of saving things to death. Every environmental issue with any sort of controversy is [the subject of lawsuits] by the varying factions, sometimes multiple times. These varying groups oftentimes have noble intentions. But it leads to very little innovation by public land managers to act quickly to save species and habitats, because basically, agencies right now are constantly in lawsuit-prevention mode. On the wild horse issue, the ranchers have sued the federal government over too many horses, and the horse advocates have sued over the horse management plan that’s tied to these roundups, because they feel it’s inhumane to remove these animals like the federal government’s doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you’ve got these intense ideals just bashing each other constantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1972214\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1972214 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b-800x772.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"772\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b-800x772.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b-1020x984.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b-160x154.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b-768x741.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2040/01/6928686564_074a5d9260_b.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A male greater sage-grouse struts to attract females at a lek (breeding or dancing ground) near Bodie, California. Once in the 19th century, sage-grouse were so numerous that hungry European settlers ate them to survive as they expanded across the American West. \u003ccite>(Jeannie Stafford/USFWS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The series also explores how every once in a while people of goodwill will come together and come up with an environmental compromise that tries to save species and habitats while allowing people to continue to make a living on these habitats, and then hardliners come in and kill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of my stories mention these compromises around trying to save the sage-grouse in this area, as well as another big compromise that tried to share water, allowing the Klamath River to save salmon, farmers to farm, fishermen to fish. What has ended up happening is hard-liners have come in and basically spiked those agreements through the courts, or just through inaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scientist I spoke to said one of the challenges around this issue in Devil’s Garden is this romantic notion about wild horses: They are so tied to our notions of what the West is. But he said the problem with that is that you often lose the ecological piece of what’s going on. One of the things he wishes is that instead of giving every little kid a My Little Pony, we give them a My Little Sage-grouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
},
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
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