window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_8511": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_8511",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "8511",
"found": true
},
"parent": 8503,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1378934462,
"modified": 1378934462,
"caption": "Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America's Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)",
"description": "SAN FRANCISCO, CA - SEPTEMBER 08: Emirates Team New Zealand skippered Dean Barker (L) and Oracle Team USA skippered James Spithill (R) in action during race three of the America's Cup finals on September 8, 2013 in San Francisco, California. Emirates Team New Zealand won race three and Oracle Team USA won race four. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)",
"title": "americascup-featured",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_8478": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_8478",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "8478",
"found": true
},
"parent": 0,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/rim-fire.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1378853766,
"modified": 1378853766,
"caption": "Rim Fire-damaged area. (Photo: Mike McMillan - USFS)",
"description": null,
"title": "rim-fire",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_8184": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_8184",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "8184",
"found": true
},
"parent": 7757,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/Oak-main.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1378512262,
"modified": 1378512262,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oak-main",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_8004": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_8004",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "8004",
"found": true
},
"parent": 8000,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/Derek-Ouyang-project-leader-e1378340842137.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 359
}
},
"publishDate": 1378340773,
"modified": 1378340773,
"caption": "Stanford student Derek Ouyang stands in front of his team's solar house. (Joshua Cassidy/KQED)",
"description": "Stanford student Derek Ouyang stands in front of his team's solar house. (Joshua Cassidy/KQED)",
"title": "Derek Ouyang Solar Decathlon",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_7906": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_7906",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7906",
"found": true
},
"parent": 7879,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/3015scr_f6b619e49520792-e1378238806509.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1378238722,
"modified": 1378238722,
"caption": null,
"description": "Justin Sullivan/Getty Images",
"title": "3015scr_f6b619e49520792",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_7768": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_7768",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7768",
"found": true
},
"parent": 7765,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/460315main_clementine_print.SCALE_.jpg",
"width": 1672,
"height": 941
}
},
"publishDate": 1377843782,
"modified": 1377843782,
"caption": "Coronal and zodiacal light taken with the Clementine spacecraft, when the sun was behind the moon. The bright dot at the top is the planet Venus. Credit: NASA ",
"description": "Coronal and zodiacal light taken with the Clementine spacecraft, when the sun was behind the moon. The bright dot at the top is the planet Venus. Credit: NASA ",
"title": "460315main_clementine_print.SCALE",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_7730": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_7730",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7730",
"found": true
},
"parent": 7712,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/spermegg.png",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1377750111,
"modified": 1377750111,
"caption": "Darryl Leja, NHGRI",
"description": null,
"title": "spermegg",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_7534": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_7534",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7534",
"found": true
},
"parent": 7468,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/smokestacks-featured.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1377293892,
"modified": 1538983564,
"caption": "San Fernando Valley Generating Station, Sun Valley, California. A United Nations science report released on Sunday says limiting global warming by an extra degree could be a matter of life or death for people and ecosystems.",
"description": "SUN VALLEY, CA - DECEMBER 11: The Department of Water and Power (DWP) San Fernando Valley Generating Station is seen December 11, 2008 in Sun Valley, California. Under a new climate plan before state regulators, California would take major steps toward cutting greenhouse gas emissions. If adopted by the California Air Resources Board, it would be the most ambitious global warming prevention plan in the nation, outlining for the first time how businesses and the public would meet the 2006 law that made the state a leader on global climate change. The action would lead to the creation of a carbon-credit market to make it cheaper for the biggest polluters to cut emissions, and change the ways utilities generate power, businesses use electricity, and personal transportation (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)",
"title": "smokestacks-featured",
"credit": "Photo by David McNew/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_7352": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_7352",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7352",
"found": true
},
"parent": 7343,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/meteorite-640.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1377130171,
"modified": 1377130171,
"caption": "UC Davis geology professor Qing-Zhu Yin holds a fragment of the Sutter's Mill meteorite, a different piece than the one UC Davis just acquired. ",
"description": "UC Davis geology professor Qing-zhu Yin holds a fragment of the Sutter's Mill meteorite donated by an alum in spring 2012. UC Davis is one of five institutions that have since acquired the main mass of the Sutter's Mill meteorite. (Gregory Urquiaga/UC Davis)",
"title": "meteorite-640",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_7251": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_7251",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7251",
"found": true
},
"parent": 7191,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-640.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1376697098,
"modified": 1376697098,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "shasta-640",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_7022": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_7022",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7022",
"found": true
},
"parent": 7005,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/redwood.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1376435920,
"modified": 1376435920,
"caption": "Coast redwoods are the tallest trees on Earth; their cousins giant sequoias are the most massive. Both are native to California. (Molly Samuel/KQED)",
"description": null,
"title": "redwood",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"4400": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "4400",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "4400",
"name": "Mike Osborne",
"firstName": "Mike",
"lastName": "Osborne",
"bio": "Mike Osborne is currently finishing his PhD at Stanford where he studies climate change in the tropical Pacific. In his research he uses coral-based records (similar to tree rings) to examine El Nino and La Nina cycles over the past few centuries. Mike also created and co-produces the \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/group/anthropocene/cgi-bin/wordpress/\">Generation Anthropocene\u003c/a> podcast which features interviews and stories covering a wide range of 21st Century global change issues. He loves travel and is always looking for a reason to be outside.",
"email": "mosborne@kqed.org",
"isLoading": false
},
"mollysamuel": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "200",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "200",
"found": true
},
"name": "Molly Samuel",
"firstName": "Molly",
"lastName": "Samuel",
"slug": "mollysamuel",
"email": "msamuel@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Molly Samuel joined KQED as an intern in 2007, and since then has worked here as a reporter, producer, director and blogger. Before becoming KQED Science’s Multimedia Producer, she was a producer for Climate Watch. Molly has also reported for NPR, KALW and High Country News, and has produced audio stories for The Encyclopedia of Life and the Oakland Museum of California. She was a fellow with the Middlebury Fellowships in Environmental Journalism and a journalist-in-residence at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center. Molly has a degree in Ancient Greek from Oberlin College and is a co-founder of the record label True Panther Sounds.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_users",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Molly Samuel | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/mollysamuel"
},
"amystanden": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "210",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "210",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amy Standen",
"firstName": "Amy",
"lastName": "Standen",
"slug": "amystanden",
"email": "astanden@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amy Standen (@amystanden) is co-host of #\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap\">TheLeapPodcast\u003c/a> (subscribe on iTunes or Stitcher!) and host of KQED and PBSDigital Studios' science video series, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\">Deep Look\u003c/a>. Her science radio stories appear on KQED and NPR.\r\n\r\nEmail her at astanden@kqed.org",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amy Standen | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3d021b72de685a788b0487b059d0a6a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/amystanden"
},
"cmiller": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "221",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "221",
"found": true
},
"name": "Craig Miller",
"firstName": "Craig",
"lastName": "Miller",
"slug": "cmiller",
"email": "craig@voxterra.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"bio": "Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "voxterra",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Craig Miller | KQED",
"description": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/cmiller"
},
"laurensommer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "239",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "239",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lauren Sommer",
"firstName": "Lauren",
"lastName": "Sommer",
"slug": "laurensommer",
"email": "lsommer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor",
"manage_content_types",
"manage_taxonomies"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lauren Sommer | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laurensommer"
},
"aartishahani": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "1340",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "1340",
"found": true
},
"name": "Aarti Shahani",
"firstName": "Aarti",
"lastName": "Shahani",
"slug": "aartishahani",
"email": "ashahani@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Aarti Shahani is a reporter at KQED, focusing on business and technology. She came to San Francisco as a Kroc Fellow with NPR. She was part of the ProPublica team awarded an Investigative Reporters & Editors Award for Post Mortem – a series examining the unregulated coroner and medical examiner industry. Shahani got her Master’s in Public Policy from Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, supported by the Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowship and a Public Service Fellowship. She studied globalization as an undergraduate at the University of Chicago. She was raised in Flushing, Queens – in the nation’s most diverse zip code.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b4008f17ce91a2879e8733722f9018a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Aarti Shahani | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b4008f17ce91a2879e8733722f9018a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/6b4008f17ce91a2879e8733722f9018a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/aartishahani"
},
"lindseyhoshaw": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "5432",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "5432",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lindsey Hoshaw",
"firstName": "Lindsey",
"lastName": "Hoshaw",
"slug": "lindseyhoshaw",
"email": "lhoshaw@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lindsey Hoshaw is a former interactive producer for KQED Science. Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twitter": "lindseyhoshaw",
"facebook": "lindsey.hoshaw.9",
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "bayareabites",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"edit_theme_options",
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_post_subscriptions",
"edit_usergroups",
"unfiltered_html",
"unfiltered_upload",
"leadcoordinator",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lindsey Hoshaw | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lindseyhoshaw"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_news": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"score": 10.810253
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "News",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 276
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=news",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 276
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_8702": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_8702",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "8702",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1379101168000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1379101168,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Humpback Whales Crowd Monterey Bay",
"headTitle": "Humpback Whales Crowd Monterey Bay | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8733\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/humpback-featured.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8733\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/humpback-featured.jpg\" alt=\"A humpback whale calf breaches in Monterey Bay. (Ryan Shorey/Monterey Bay Whale Watch) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A humpback whale calf breaches in Monterey Bay. (Ryan Shorey/Monterey Bay Whale Watch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is a great weekend to go whale watching, especially if you live near Monterey Bay. Local tour guides say they’re seeing surprisingly large numbers of humpbacks offshore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now there’s record numbers of humpback whales feeding in Monterey Bay,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybaywhalewatch.com/NancyBlackBio.htm\">Nancy Black\u003c/a>, who’s been leading whale-watching trips on Monterey Bay for 26 years. She said she’s never seen anything like it. “It’s been going on for over a week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a good reason for this: huge runs of anchovies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An explosion of anchovies means a feast not just for the whales, but for sea lions, brown pelicans and other birds. Black said she’s seen blue whales, too, which is unusual for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/09/whales-in-monterey-bay/\">Wired\u003c/a> has more on the whales crowding Monterey Bay:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/2013/09/humpback_lunge_feed_IMG_1246-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/09/whales-in-monterey-bay/\">Feeding Frenzy Fills Monterey Bay With Humpback Whales\u003c/a>Black estimates that there are at least 250 whales in the Monterey Bay — more than she’s ever seen in her 26 years in the area. She and her crew are shooting photos of the whales’ tails, which are unique to each individual. They’re sending the photos to the Cascadia Research Collective in Washington state, which maintains a whale-tail ID catalog. “I wouldn’t have been able to see this many whales when I started,” Black said, noting that the northeastern Pacific humpback whale population numbers have been increasing.No one know how long the whales will stay in the bay, or why the fish are so abundant this year. “It’s just incredible — the best whale watching ever,” Black said.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.wired.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wired\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Humpback whales spend the summer feeding off the California coast. Come November, they’ll start migrating south, to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see them you need a good pair of binoculars or to get out on a boat. If you’re more the armchair whale-watching type, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/2013/09/BabyBreach3.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check out this humpback calf breaching\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 356,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 10
},
"modified": 1704935058,
"excerpt": "This weekend is a great time to go whale watching, especially if you live near Monterey Bay. Local tour guides say they're seeing surprisingly large of humpbacks offshore.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "This weekend is a great time to go whale watching, especially if you live near Monterey Bay. Local tour guides say they're seeing surprisingly large of humpbacks offshore.",
"title": "Humpback Whales Crowd Monterey Bay | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Humpback Whales Crowd Monterey Bay",
"datePublished": "2013-09-13T12:39:28-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:04:18-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "humpback-whales-crowd-monterey-bay",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/8702/humpback-whales-crowd-monterey-bay",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8733\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/humpback-featured.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8733\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/humpback-featured.jpg\" alt=\"A humpback whale calf breaches in Monterey Bay. (Ryan Shorey/Monterey Bay Whale Watch) \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A humpback whale calf breaches in Monterey Bay. (Ryan Shorey/Monterey Bay Whale Watch)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is a great weekend to go whale watching, especially if you live near Monterey Bay. Local tour guides say they’re seeing surprisingly large numbers of humpbacks offshore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now there’s record numbers of humpback whales feeding in Monterey Bay,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereybaywhalewatch.com/NancyBlackBio.htm\">Nancy Black\u003c/a>, who’s been leading whale-watching trips on Monterey Bay for 26 years. She said she’s never seen anything like it. “It’s been going on for over a week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a good reason for this: huge runs of anchovies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An explosion of anchovies means a feast not just for the whales, but for sea lions, brown pelicans and other birds. Black said she’s seen blue whales, too, which is unusual for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/09/whales-in-monterey-bay/\">Wired\u003c/a> has more on the whales crowding Monterey Bay:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumb embedly-thumbnail-small\" src=\"http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/2013/09/humpback_lunge_feed_IMG_1246-200x200.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003ca class=\"embedly-title\" href=\"http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2013/09/whales-in-monterey-bay/\">Feeding Frenzy Fills Monterey Bay With Humpback Whales\u003c/a>Black estimates that there are at least 250 whales in the Monterey Bay — more than she’s ever seen in her 26 years in the area. She and her crew are shooting photos of the whales’ tails, which are unique to each individual. They’re sending the photos to the Cascadia Research Collective in Washington state, which maintains a whale-tail ID catalog. “I wouldn’t have been able to see this many whales when I started,” Black said, noting that the northeastern Pacific humpback whale population numbers have been increasing.No one know how long the whales will stay in the bay, or why the fish are so abundant this year. “It’s just incredible — the best whale watching ever,” Black said.\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly?src=anywhere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"//static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.wired.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wired\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Humpback whales spend the summer feeding off the California coast. Come November, they’ll start migrating south, to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see them you need a good pair of binoculars or to get out on a boat. If you’re more the armchair whale-watching type, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/images_blogs/wiredscience/2013/09/BabyBreach3.gif\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">check out this humpback calf breaching\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/8702/humpback-whales-crowd-monterey-bay",
"authors": [
"210"
],
"categories": [
"science_30",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_703",
"science_255"
],
"label": "science"
},
"science_8503": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_8503",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "8503",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1378936680000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1378936680,
"format": "aside",
"title": "How Do These Boats Sail Faster Than the Wind?",
"headTitle": "How Do These Boats Sail Faster Than the Wind? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8511\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8511\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8511\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\" alt=\"Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America's Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America’s Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/Physics-of-Sailing.mp3\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\nThe America’s Cup sailboats are sleek and fast. The AC72, the type of catamaran used in this year’s race, can travel almost three times the speed of the prevailing wind. On June 18\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Emirates Team New Zealand recorded a speed of 50.8 mph (44.1 knots), with a wind speed of about 18 mph (15.6 knots).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind is the only thing powering these boats, so how can they go faster than the wind blows?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might seem like the sailboats are defying the laws of nature: that they’re getting something from nothing. Not so, according to Steve Collie, an aerodynamics engineer for Emirates Team New Zealand. “In physics we always talk about conservation of energy,” Collie said. “Sure, we can’t create energy. We can’t produce magic that way. But there’s no sort of parallel theorem of conservation of speed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, sailboats are not actually creating their own energy (no, they’re not violating Newton’s second law). They’re harnessing more than one kind of wind, and they’re doing it like a jet harnesses the flow of air to fly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone has felt this second kind of wind. It’s what you feel when the air is still and you head off on a bike, or a skateboard. You build speed, and it doesn’t take long before there’s a wind on your face. This is called apparent wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8517\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 243px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/boats-and-bridge-243x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8517\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/boats-and-bridge-243x162.jpg\" alt=\"Teams compete in a fleet race during the America's Cup World Series on October 6, 2012 in San Francisco, California. Teams are racing on an AC45 boat, which is the forerunner to the AC72 that teams will race next year in the Louis Vuitton Cup and America's Cup Finals in San Francisco. (Ezra Shaw/Getty Images)\" width=\"243\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teams compete in a fleet race during the America’s Cup World Series on October 6, 2012 in San Francisco. Teams are racing on an AC45 boat, which is the forerunner to the AC72 that teams are racing this year in the America’s Cup Finals. (Ezra Shaw/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>True wind is what you feel when you’re standing still and the wind is blowing. The wind an object feels when it’s in motion is apparent wind. Sailboats utilize both true wind and apparent wind. One force pushes the sailboat, and the other force pulls, or drags it forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True wind always pushes a boat. If a boat sails absolutely perpendicular to true wind, so the sail is flat to the wind and being pushed from behind, then the boat can \u003cem>only\u003c/em> go as fast as the wind—no faster. That’s not because there’s no apparent wind; it’s because the apparent wind can’t help the boat when it’s hitting flat against a big sail. But when the boat travels at an angle to the true wind, the apparent wind suddenly generates a powerful force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wind is doing two things,” said Margot Gerritsen, an engineering professor at Stanford. “It’s pushing, but there’s also a part of this wind that is dragging. That dragging is done with this force called lift.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lift,” in the case of a sailboat, doesn’t mean “up” although it does in the case of an airplane. In fact, the physics that allow an airplane to fly are the same physics that allow a sailboat to travel faster than the wind. The difference is that airplanes lift up off the ground, and sailboats lift parallel to the ground— as if they’re flying sideways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can feel these two kinds of lift when you’re riding in a car (we suggest not performing science experiments when you’re the driver). Put your arm straight out the window, palm down to the ground like an airplane wing. Now tilt the palm of your hand very slightly up; your arm will rise with the force of lift. To feel what happens in a sailboat, put your arm out the window, bent 90 degrees at the elbow, with your palm facing you. Now angle your palm open to the wind very slightly; your arm will move away from you, as the force of lift pulls it sideways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lift is simply the name of the force that’s generated when apparent wind bends around the outside of the sail. Air traveling on the inside of the sail is moving slower than air traveling around the sail, which creates a pressure difference. That pressure difference generates lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/IMG_1484-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8518 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/IMG_1484-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"One of the the best viewing spots for the America's Cup is the jetty near Land's End. (Mike Osborne/KQED) \" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the the best viewing spots for the America’s Cup is the jetty near Land’s End. (Mike Osborne/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hoist you might feel under your feet when an airplane first takes off is not so different from the jostling sensations of push and drag that sailors feel maneuvering one of these catamarans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really experienced sailors can feel this,” said Gerritsen. “They feel the forces below. They can sense changes in the forces in the sail and know how to respond to it. But it’s very precarious at times, too, because you’re trying to balance this benefit of the wind in these two different ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AC72s also use lift when foiling, which is when the two hulls of the catamaran raise off the water and the boat is almost literally flying, with only the rudders and a board anchoring it to the bay. Foiling makes the boat even faster because the drag forces slowing the boat down are now mostly in the air instead of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it’s physics that explains how the America’s Cup boats can sail faster than the wind, it’s the skill of the sailors and the design of the boats that give Emirates Team New Zealand or Oracle Team USA the edge, as they race toward the finish of the 2013 America’s Cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1025,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1704935083,
"excerpt": "It isn’t magic; it’s just physics. And it’s an idea as simple as rocket science, which in this case really breaks down to what you learned from riding a bike.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "It isn’t magic; it’s just physics. And it’s an idea as simple as rocket science, which in this case really breaks down to what you learned from riding a bike.",
"title": "How Do These Boats Sail Faster Than the Wind? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "How Do These Boats Sail Faster Than the Wind?",
"datePublished": "2013-09-11T14:58:00-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:04:43-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [
{
"userLogin": "mike-osborne",
"firstName": "Mike",
"lastName": "Osborne",
"website": "",
"displayName": "Mike Osborne",
"linkedAccount": "mosborne",
"nickname": "",
"description": "Mike Osborne is currently finishing his PhD at Stanford where he studies climate change in the tropical Pacific. In his research he uses coral-based records (similar to tree rings) to examine El Nino and La Nina cycles over the past few centuries. Mike also created and co-produces the \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/group/anthropocene/cgi-bin/wordpress/\">Generation Anthropocene\u003c/a> podcast which features interviews and stories covering a wide range of 21st Century global change issues. He loves travel and is always looking for a reason to be outside.",
"userEmail": "mosborne@kqed.org",
"ID": "4400",
"type": "guest-author",
"userNicename": "mike-osborne"
}
],
"slug": "how-do-these-boats-sail-faster-than-the-wind",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/8503/how-do-these-boats-sail-faster-than-the-wind",
"audioUrl": "http://blogs.kqed.org/science/files/2013/09/Physics-of-Sailing.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8511\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8511\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8511\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/americascup-featured.jpg\" alt=\"Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America's Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emirates Team New Zealand and Oracle Team USA during race three of the America’s Cup finals on September 8, 2013. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/Physics-of-Sailing.mp3\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\nThe America’s Cup sailboats are sleek and fast. The AC72, the type of catamaran used in this year’s race, can travel almost three times the speed of the prevailing wind. On June 18\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Emirates Team New Zealand recorded a speed of 50.8 mph (44.1 knots), with a wind speed of about 18 mph (15.6 knots).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind is the only thing powering these boats, so how can they go faster than the wind blows?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might seem like the sailboats are defying the laws of nature: that they’re getting something from nothing. Not so, according to Steve Collie, an aerodynamics engineer for Emirates Team New Zealand. “In physics we always talk about conservation of energy,” Collie said. “Sure, we can’t create energy. We can’t produce magic that way. But there’s no sort of parallel theorem of conservation of speed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, sailboats are not actually creating their own energy (no, they’re not violating Newton’s second law). They’re harnessing more than one kind of wind, and they’re doing it like a jet harnesses the flow of air to fly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone has felt this second kind of wind. It’s what you feel when the air is still and you head off on a bike, or a skateboard. You build speed, and it doesn’t take long before there’s a wind on your face. This is called apparent wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8517\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 243px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/boats-and-bridge-243x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8517\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8517\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/boats-and-bridge-243x162.jpg\" alt=\"Teams compete in a fleet race during the America's Cup World Series on October 6, 2012 in San Francisco, California. Teams are racing on an AC45 boat, which is the forerunner to the AC72 that teams will race next year in the Louis Vuitton Cup and America's Cup Finals in San Francisco. (Ezra Shaw/Getty Images)\" width=\"243\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teams compete in a fleet race during the America’s Cup World Series on October 6, 2012 in San Francisco. Teams are racing on an AC45 boat, which is the forerunner to the AC72 that teams are racing this year in the America’s Cup Finals. (Ezra Shaw/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>True wind is what you feel when you’re standing still and the wind is blowing. The wind an object feels when it’s in motion is apparent wind. Sailboats utilize both true wind and apparent wind. One force pushes the sailboat, and the other force pulls, or drags it forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True wind always pushes a boat. If a boat sails absolutely perpendicular to true wind, so the sail is flat to the wind and being pushed from behind, then the boat can \u003cem>only\u003c/em> go as fast as the wind—no faster. That’s not because there’s no apparent wind; it’s because the apparent wind can’t help the boat when it’s hitting flat against a big sail. But when the boat travels at an angle to the true wind, the apparent wind suddenly generates a powerful force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wind is doing two things,” said Margot Gerritsen, an engineering professor at Stanford. “It’s pushing, but there’s also a part of this wind that is dragging. That dragging is done with this force called lift.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lift,” in the case of a sailboat, doesn’t mean “up” although it does in the case of an airplane. In fact, the physics that allow an airplane to fly are the same physics that allow a sailboat to travel faster than the wind. The difference is that airplanes lift up off the ground, and sailboats lift parallel to the ground— as if they’re flying sideways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can feel these two kinds of lift when you’re riding in a car (we suggest not performing science experiments when you’re the driver). Put your arm straight out the window, palm down to the ground like an airplane wing. Now tilt the palm of your hand very slightly up; your arm will rise with the force of lift. To feel what happens in a sailboat, put your arm out the window, bent 90 degrees at the elbow, with your palm facing you. Now angle your palm open to the wind very slightly; your arm will move away from you, as the force of lift pulls it sideways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lift is simply the name of the force that’s generated when apparent wind bends around the outside of the sail. Air traveling on the inside of the sail is moving slower than air traveling around the sail, which creates a pressure difference. That pressure difference generates lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/IMG_1484-288x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8518 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/IMG_1484-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"One of the the best viewing spots for the America's Cup is the jetty near Land's End. (Mike Osborne/KQED) \" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the the best viewing spots for the America’s Cup is the jetty near Land’s End. (Mike Osborne/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hoist you might feel under your feet when an airplane first takes off is not so different from the jostling sensations of push and drag that sailors feel maneuvering one of these catamarans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really experienced sailors can feel this,” said Gerritsen. “They feel the forces below. They can sense changes in the forces in the sail and know how to respond to it. But it’s very precarious at times, too, because you’re trying to balance this benefit of the wind in these two different ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AC72s also use lift when foiling, which is when the two hulls of the catamaran raise off the water and the boat is almost literally flying, with only the rudders and a board anchoring it to the bay. Foiling makes the boat even faster because the drag forces slowing the boat down are now mostly in the air instead of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it’s physics that explains how the America’s Cup boats can sail faster than the wind, it’s the skill of the sailors and the design of the boats that give Emirates Team New Zealand or Oracle Team USA the edge, as they race toward the finish of the 2013 America’s Cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/8503/how-do-these-boats-sail-faster-than-the-wind",
"authors": [
"4400"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_89",
"science_37",
"science_40",
"science_42",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_64",
"science_672",
"science_187"
],
"featImg": "science_8511",
"label": "science"
},
"science_8483": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_8483",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "8483",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1378856507000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1378856507,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Video: Before and After Views of Forest Burned by the Rim Fire",
"headTitle": "Video: Before and After Views of Forest Burned by the Rim Fire | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>//www.youtube.com/watch?v=vW5jN5wErIc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rim Fire burning near Yosemite National Park has consumed about 400 square miles, leaving some serious damage in its wake. On Tuesday, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tuolumne.org/content/\">Tuolumne River Trust\u003c/a> released footage of the area, showing the terrain in 2008 and on-the-ground video taken last week. (The first two minutes of the video show the “before,” the second half shows the “after.”) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the short term, we’re looking at trees that have been burned down or fallen down, barren soils that are just primed for erosion when winter comes,” said Eric Wesselman of the Tuolumne River Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of federal scientists with \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/3726/\">Burned Area Emergency Response\u003c/a> (BAER) is currently surveying the burned zones to identify the worst erosion danger. Wesselman says on average, funding for BAER programs is about five percent of the overall fire cost. The Rim Fire recently topped $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/rim-fire-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8478\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8478\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/rim-fire-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"Rim Fire-damaged area. (Photo: Mike McMillan - USFS)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rim Fire-damaged area. (Photo: Mike McMillan, USFS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is going to be tens of millions of dollars that we’re going to need for the recovery in the months and years ahead,” Wesselman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tuolumne River Trust is calling on California’s senators to help fund recovery of the charred forest, including stabilizing burned areas, planting vegetation and repairing trails and campgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a natural burn,” he said. “This is a catastrophic fire that was fueled by climate change, other man-made influences, as well as natural influences. What we really need is to ensure that we have good management of forests going forward. But before that, we’re going to have to repair the damage that this fire did.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 293,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 9
},
"modified": 1704935084,
"excerpt": "A team of federal scientists is surveying areas burned by the Rim Fire to identify where the worst erosion danger is. An environmental group says restoration could cost tens of millions of dollars. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A team of federal scientists is surveying areas burned by the Rim Fire to identify where the worst erosion danger is. An environmental group says restoration could cost tens of millions of dollars. ",
"title": "Video: Before and After Views of Forest Burned by the Rim Fire | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Video: Before and After Views of Forest Burned by the Rim Fire",
"datePublished": "2013-09-10T16:41:47-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:04:44-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "conservationists-call-on-federal-lawmakers-to-fund-rim-fire-restoration",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/8483/conservationists-call-on-federal-lawmakers-to-fund-rim-fire-restoration",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>//www.youtube.com/watch?v=vW5jN5wErIc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rim Fire burning near Yosemite National Park has consumed about 400 square miles, leaving some serious damage in its wake. On Tuesday, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tuolumne.org/content/\">Tuolumne River Trust\u003c/a> released footage of the area, showing the terrain in 2008 and on-the-ground video taken last week. (The first two minutes of the video show the “before,” the second half shows the “after.”) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the short term, we’re looking at trees that have been burned down or fallen down, barren soils that are just primed for erosion when winter comes,” said Eric Wesselman of the Tuolumne River Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of federal scientists with \u003ca href=\"http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/3726/\">Burned Area Emergency Response\u003c/a> (BAER) is currently surveying the burned zones to identify the worst erosion danger. Wesselman says on average, funding for BAER programs is about five percent of the overall fire cost. The Rim Fire recently topped $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/rim-fire-288x162.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8478\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8478\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/rim-fire-288x162.jpg\" alt=\"Rim Fire-damaged area. (Photo: Mike McMillan - USFS)\" width=\"288\" height=\"162\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rim Fire-damaged area. (Photo: Mike McMillan, USFS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is going to be tens of millions of dollars that we’re going to need for the recovery in the months and years ahead,” Wesselman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tuolumne River Trust is calling on California’s senators to help fund recovery of the charred forest, including stabilizing burned areas, planting vegetation and repairing trails and campgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a natural burn,” he said. “This is a catastrophic fire that was fueled by climate change, other man-made influences, as well as natural influences. What we really need is to ensure that we have good management of forests going forward. But before that, we’re going to have to repair the damage that this fire did.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/8483/conservationists-call-on-federal-lawmakers-to-fund-rim-fire-restoration",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_112",
"science_64",
"science_670",
"science_607",
"science_159"
],
"featImg": "science_8478",
"label": "science"
},
"science_7757": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_7757",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7757",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1378710144000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1378710144,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Warming Climate Could Transform Bay Area Parks and Open Space",
"headTitle": "Warming Climate Could Transform Bay Area Parks and Open Space | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[jwplayer config=”ScienceAudioPlayer” mediaid=”8165″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>By the end of the century, the Bay Area’s landscape could look more like Southern California’s, raising tough questions for land managers trying to preserve the region’s protected lands. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8203\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/blueoak.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8203\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8203\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/blueoak.jpg\" alt=\"A dead blue oak tree at the Blue Oak Ranch Reserve near San Jose. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"350\" height=\"328\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dead blue oak tree at the Blue Oak Ranch Reserve near San Jose. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It may not be an official record, but by some accounts, more open space has been preserved in the San Francisco Bay Area than in any other major U.S. metropolitan area. More than a million acres are permanently protected from development – that’s almost one-third of the 4.5 million acres that make up the 10-county region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with temperatures on the rise, land managers and scientists are beginning to ask how the Bay Area’s landscape will withstand climate change. As plants and animals are forced to shift, some of the Bay Area’s iconic parks and vistas could look dramatically different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say signs of those changes may already be appearing in places such as the hills east of downtown San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a blue oak,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> ecologist Sasha Gennet, examining the small, dark leaves of a towering tree on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blueoakranchreserve.org/BORR/Welcome.html\">Blue Oak Ranch Reserve\u003c/a>, part of the University of California Natural Reserve System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pulls the branch down to eye level. “You can tell because they’re a little bit bluish or grayish,” she says. “They’re probably the hardiest of the oak species in the California. These are the ones that you see in those hottest, driest places, hanging on through the summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But even these have their limits,” she adds, “and we’re starting to see what those limits are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here’s another dead one that’s also pretty young,” says field researcher Corinne Morozumi, pointing to the dried-out trunk of dead blue oak. She and UC Berkeley researcher Blair McLaughlin recently catalogued blue oaks across 20 square miles in the area, looking for dead trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/openspaces/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8748\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-8748\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/hdpublicplaces-mod.jpg\" alt=\"hdpublicplaces-mod\" width=\"200\" height=\"46\">\u003c/a>“The computer models tell us that there’s going to be climate stress here,” says Kirk Klausmeyer of the Nature Conservancy, looking across the hilltops. “We know that the climate has already changed somewhat in the Bay Area. We’ve already seen some warming trends. So we wanted to see if there are any early indications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were surprising. Across the study area, there were three times more dead oak trees in drier, climate-stressed areas than were found in cooler, higher elevations. “We are seeing what our models are predicting,” says Morozumi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly what’s causing the trees to die is still unknown, though it doesn’t appear to be a disease like Sudden Oak Death. In the Bay Area’s dry Mediterranean climate, Gennet says, the oaks may already be living at their limit. “Some hot, hot summers,” she says. “Maybe a couple of stretches where they just can’t access water at all. It could just push them over the edge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"science-wide\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/west/cgi-bin/projects/openspace-climate/index.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"960\" height=\"860\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Southern California Shift\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a hundred miles north, UC Berkeley ecologist David Ackerly walks across a wooded hillside, pulling small orange and yellow flags out of the ground. Each marks a young tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One Doug fir juvenile,” he calls out. “Oak seedling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ackerly and his field team are counting trees and gathering data inside a 60-by-60 foot research plot, one of 50 on the 3,000-acre \u003ca href=\"http://www.pepperwoodpreserve.org/\">Pepperwood Preserve\u003c/a> in Sonoma County. “If you want to see the forest of the future, you look at the small plants,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8205\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 332px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/ackerly.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8205\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8205\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/ackerly.jpg\" alt=\"UC Berkeley researcher David Ackerly measures a tree's diameter at the Pepperwood Preserve near Santa Rosa. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"332\" height=\"335\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley researcher David Ackerly measures a tree’s diameter at the Pepperwood Preserve near Santa Rosa. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plots will become a baseline for studying climate change, as the study team returns in five and ten years to document changes in the plant community and water availability. Change is what Ackerly expects to see, in the form of warmer temperatures, heat waves and \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2012/07/18/bay-area-landscape-likely-to-come-up-short-on-water/\">more intense drought\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know the direction things are moving and what we can expect is that our climate will be more like climates in Southern California,” he says. “So in 30 or 40 years, it might be like San Luis Obispo and in 60 or 70 or 100 years, it may become like Los Angeles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could lead to an expansion of plants more commonly found in Southern California, like chaparral, the dense shrubs and bushes that thrive in drier conditions. Ackerly says under some climate scenarios in the Bay Area, there could be twice as much land with conditions that favor chaparral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for what’s here today, “one way to think about it is we have plants living in the wrong place,” he says. “We have an oak tree that’s living here because of past conditions, but now it’s living under these future conditions that are very different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oak trees and other plants may need to move, either to higher elevations or closer to the coast where it’s cooler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But oaks don’t pick up and move to the coast,” Ackerly says. “These oaks are never going to move that we’re looking at today. Their seeds will be picked up by a jay or a squirrel and moved half a kilometer or maybe some jay flies over to the next hillside, occasionally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some oak trees, it could become an “acorn-by-acorn” race with climate change. Human management and fire also play a major role in how fast plants can move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest concern right now is not that things are changing,” Ackerly says. “It’s how fast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can have huge areas where a tree species might suddenly hit a drought it can’t survive,” he says. “Imagining large areas of the Bay Area with dead trees across the landscape – it’s not an image we’re used to, but it really can happen if conditions are changing very fast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If chaparral shrublands expand, the Bay Area could also be facing a fire regime that’s closer to Southern California’s. “That’s a very different picture than what we’ve lived with,” Ackerly says. “We haven’t settled this landscape under the idea that we would have wildfires of that frequency or magnitude.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Managing Change on the Ground\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For land agencies, applying global climate change projections on a local level is no simple task. Parks and open spaces are often managed to maintain the historical landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until now, our management objectives have been to keep the preserve essentially the same: have the same amount of grassland, the same amount of woodland,” says Lisa Micheli, executive director of the Pepperwood Preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The really big take-home message for managers is that history can no longer be the basis for long-term planning,” she says. “We may need to let the systems adjust to the climate as it’s changing and stay out of the way. There may also be some places where we need to help native trees adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planning for climate change may also require taking a longer view. “When do land managers start that process?” says Ryan Branciforte of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.openspacecouncil.org/\">Bay Area Open Space Council\u003c/a>. “Their horizon for planning for land management may be days, weeks, months, maybe years, but it’s surely not 50 and 100 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Open Space Council is working with the scientific community to develop localized climate change planning information for Bay Area land agencies, something many are eager to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The changes are going to happen,” says Mike Anderson, Assistant General Manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/\">East Bay Regional Park District\u003c/a>, which manages 113,000 acres in Alameda and Contra Costa counties. “We can’t change that. It’s a matter of giving things room to adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says the park district is planning for sea level rise at their shoreline parks with wetland restoration, currently underway at Breuner Marsh in Richmond, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/pt_pinole\">Point Pinole Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>. Wetlands act as natural buffers against rising seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sea level rise is easier to see,” he says. “Inland changes will be much more subtle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/west/cgi-bin/projects/openspace-bayarea/index.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"960\" height=\"800\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Look at Conservation Goals\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With dynamic changes on the horizon, the Bay Area’s conservation community is grappling with a tough question: are today’s open spaces the places that should be protected tomorrow?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conservation work that has been done in the Bay Area is actually really effective at protecting a very wide range of habitat types,” says Sasha Gennet of the Nature Conservancy. “So good conservation is going to stand the test of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preserving what’s on the ground today will depend on connecting up the Bay Area’s existing open spaces with corridors, Gennet says. “As things need to move, they can get across. They can get through wildlife corridors or have permeable lands to move through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nature Conservancy recently purchased a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/about-us/private-lands-conservation/conservation-buyer/properties/gonzalez-farm.xml\">100-acre property\u003c/a> in Santa Clara County with climate change in mind. They plan to restore habitat on the Upper Pajaro River, potentially improving the corridor between the Santa Cruz Mountains and open spaces near San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the Bay Area’s growing population, connecting the region’s entire open space network may not be possible. Gennet says it’s not just about buying land. “It’s a range of options,” she says. “Some of it is keeping private rangelands open. Some of it means working on riparian corridors that animals can move through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, adapting to climate change could mean doing more of they do already, says Kirk Klausmeyer. “Good conservation helps plants and animals persist in the face of threats, whether it’s invasive species or disease or a really dry year,” he says. “Planning for climate change is just doing good conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It does lend more urgency to the work, says Branciforte of the Bay Area Open Space Council. “If we don’t connect these final pieces and build out the rest of the network, then we run the risk of losing the things that we originally intended on protecting.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1814,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"http://www.stanford.edu/group/west/cgi-bin/projects/openspace-climate/index.html",
"http://www.stanford.edu/group/west/cgi-bin/projects/openspace-bayarea/index.html"
],
"paragraphCount": 45
},
"modified": 1704935100,
"excerpt": "By the end of the century, the Bay Area's landscape could look more like Southern California's, raising tough questions for land managers trying to preserve parks and open space. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "By the end of the century, the Bay Area's landscape could look more like Southern California's, raising tough questions for land managers trying to preserve parks and open space. ",
"title": "Warming Climate Could Transform Bay Area Parks and Open Space | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Warming Climate Could Transform Bay Area Parks and Open Space",
"datePublished": "2013-09-09T00:02:24-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:05:00-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "warming-climate-could-transform-bay-area-parks-and-open-space",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/7757/warming-climate-could-transform-bay-area-parks-and-open-space",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[jwplayer config=”ScienceAudioPlayer” mediaid=”8165″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>By the end of the century, the Bay Area’s landscape could look more like Southern California’s, raising tough questions for land managers trying to preserve the region’s protected lands. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8203\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/blueoak.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8203\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8203\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/blueoak.jpg\" alt=\"A dead blue oak tree at the Blue Oak Ranch Reserve near San Jose. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"350\" height=\"328\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dead blue oak tree at the Blue Oak Ranch Reserve near San Jose. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It may not be an official record, but by some accounts, more open space has been preserved in the San Francisco Bay Area than in any other major U.S. metropolitan area. More than a million acres are permanently protected from development – that’s almost one-third of the 4.5 million acres that make up the 10-county region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with temperatures on the rise, land managers and scientists are beginning to ask how the Bay Area’s landscape will withstand climate change. As plants and animals are forced to shift, some of the Bay Area’s iconic parks and vistas could look dramatically different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say signs of those changes may already be appearing in places such as the hills east of downtown San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a blue oak,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> ecologist Sasha Gennet, examining the small, dark leaves of a towering tree on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blueoakranchreserve.org/BORR/Welcome.html\">Blue Oak Ranch Reserve\u003c/a>, part of the University of California Natural Reserve System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pulls the branch down to eye level. “You can tell because they’re a little bit bluish or grayish,” she says. “They’re probably the hardiest of the oak species in the California. These are the ones that you see in those hottest, driest places, hanging on through the summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But even these have their limits,” she adds, “and we’re starting to see what those limits are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here’s another dead one that’s also pretty young,” says field researcher Corinne Morozumi, pointing to the dried-out trunk of dead blue oak. She and UC Berkeley researcher Blair McLaughlin recently catalogued blue oaks across 20 square miles in the area, looking for dead trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/openspaces/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8748\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-8748\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/06/hdpublicplaces-mod.jpg\" alt=\"hdpublicplaces-mod\" width=\"200\" height=\"46\">\u003c/a>“The computer models tell us that there’s going to be climate stress here,” says Kirk Klausmeyer of the Nature Conservancy, looking across the hilltops. “We know that the climate has already changed somewhat in the Bay Area. We’ve already seen some warming trends. So we wanted to see if there are any early indications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were surprising. Across the study area, there were three times more dead oak trees in drier, climate-stressed areas than were found in cooler, higher elevations. “We are seeing what our models are predicting,” says Morozumi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly what’s causing the trees to die is still unknown, though it doesn’t appear to be a disease like Sudden Oak Death. In the Bay Area’s dry Mediterranean climate, Gennet says, the oaks may already be living at their limit. “Some hot, hot summers,” she says. “Maybe a couple of stretches where they just can’t access water at all. It could just push them over the edge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"science-wide\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/west/cgi-bin/projects/openspace-climate/index.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"960\" height=\"860\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Southern California Shift\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a hundred miles north, UC Berkeley ecologist David Ackerly walks across a wooded hillside, pulling small orange and yellow flags out of the ground. Each marks a young tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One Doug fir juvenile,” he calls out. “Oak seedling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ackerly and his field team are counting trees and gathering data inside a 60-by-60 foot research plot, one of 50 on the 3,000-acre \u003ca href=\"http://www.pepperwoodpreserve.org/\">Pepperwood Preserve\u003c/a> in Sonoma County. “If you want to see the forest of the future, you look at the small plants,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8205\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 332px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/ackerly.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-8205\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8205\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/ackerly.jpg\" alt=\"UC Berkeley researcher David Ackerly measures a tree's diameter at the Pepperwood Preserve near Santa Rosa. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"332\" height=\"335\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley researcher David Ackerly measures a tree’s diameter at the Pepperwood Preserve near Santa Rosa. (Photo: Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plots will become a baseline for studying climate change, as the study team returns in five and ten years to document changes in the plant community and water availability. Change is what Ackerly expects to see, in the form of warmer temperatures, heat waves and \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2012/07/18/bay-area-landscape-likely-to-come-up-short-on-water/\">more intense drought\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know the direction things are moving and what we can expect is that our climate will be more like climates in Southern California,” he says. “So in 30 or 40 years, it might be like San Luis Obispo and in 60 or 70 or 100 years, it may become like Los Angeles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could lead to an expansion of plants more commonly found in Southern California, like chaparral, the dense shrubs and bushes that thrive in drier conditions. Ackerly says under some climate scenarios in the Bay Area, there could be twice as much land with conditions that favor chaparral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for what’s here today, “one way to think about it is we have plants living in the wrong place,” he says. “We have an oak tree that’s living here because of past conditions, but now it’s living under these future conditions that are very different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oak trees and other plants may need to move, either to higher elevations or closer to the coast where it’s cooler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But oaks don’t pick up and move to the coast,” Ackerly says. “These oaks are never going to move that we’re looking at today. Their seeds will be picked up by a jay or a squirrel and moved half a kilometer or maybe some jay flies over to the next hillside, occasionally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some oak trees, it could become an “acorn-by-acorn” race with climate change. Human management and fire also play a major role in how fast plants can move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest concern right now is not that things are changing,” Ackerly says. “It’s how fast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can have huge areas where a tree species might suddenly hit a drought it can’t survive,” he says. “Imagining large areas of the Bay Area with dead trees across the landscape – it’s not an image we’re used to, but it really can happen if conditions are changing very fast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If chaparral shrublands expand, the Bay Area could also be facing a fire regime that’s closer to Southern California’s. “That’s a very different picture than what we’ve lived with,” Ackerly says. “We haven’t settled this landscape under the idea that we would have wildfires of that frequency or magnitude.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Managing Change on the Ground\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For land agencies, applying global climate change projections on a local level is no simple task. Parks and open spaces are often managed to maintain the historical landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until now, our management objectives have been to keep the preserve essentially the same: have the same amount of grassland, the same amount of woodland,” says Lisa Micheli, executive director of the Pepperwood Preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The really big take-home message for managers is that history can no longer be the basis for long-term planning,” she says. “We may need to let the systems adjust to the climate as it’s changing and stay out of the way. There may also be some places where we need to help native trees adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planning for climate change may also require taking a longer view. “When do land managers start that process?” says Ryan Branciforte of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.openspacecouncil.org/\">Bay Area Open Space Council\u003c/a>. “Their horizon for planning for land management may be days, weeks, months, maybe years, but it’s surely not 50 and 100 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Open Space Council is working with the scientific community to develop localized climate change planning information for Bay Area land agencies, something many are eager to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The changes are going to happen,” says Mike Anderson, Assistant General Manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/\">East Bay Regional Park District\u003c/a>, which manages 113,000 acres in Alameda and Contra Costa counties. “We can’t change that. It’s a matter of giving things room to adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says the park district is planning for sea level rise at their shoreline parks with wetland restoration, currently underway at Breuner Marsh in Richmond, part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/pt_pinole\">Point Pinole Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>. Wetlands act as natural buffers against rising seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sea level rise is easier to see,” he says. “Inland changes will be much more subtle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/west/cgi-bin/projects/openspace-bayarea/index.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"960\" height=\"800\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Look at Conservation Goals\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With dynamic changes on the horizon, the Bay Area’s conservation community is grappling with a tough question: are today’s open spaces the places that should be protected tomorrow?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conservation work that has been done in the Bay Area is actually really effective at protecting a very wide range of habitat types,” says Sasha Gennet of the Nature Conservancy. “So good conservation is going to stand the test of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preserving what’s on the ground today will depend on connecting up the Bay Area’s existing open spaces with corridors, Gennet says. “As things need to move, they can get across. They can get through wildlife corridors or have permeable lands to move through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nature Conservancy recently purchased a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/about-us/private-lands-conservation/conservation-buyer/properties/gonzalez-farm.xml\">100-acre property\u003c/a> in Santa Clara County with climate change in mind. They plan to restore habitat on the Upper Pajaro River, potentially improving the corridor between the Santa Cruz Mountains and open spaces near San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the Bay Area’s growing population, connecting the region’s entire open space network may not be possible. Gennet says it’s not just about buying land. “It’s a range of options,” she says. “Some of it is keeping private rangelands open. Some of it means working on riparian corridors that animals can move through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, adapting to climate change could mean doing more of they do already, says Kirk Klausmeyer. “Good conservation helps plants and animals persist in the face of threats, whether it’s invasive species or disease or a really dry year,” he says. “Planning for climate change is just doing good conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It does lend more urgency to the work, says Branciforte of the Bay Area Open Space Council. “If we don’t connect these final pieces and build out the rest of the network, then we run the risk of losing the things that we originally intended on protecting.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/7757/warming-climate-could-transform-bay-area-parks-and-open-space",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_182",
"science_194",
"science_205",
"science_312",
"science_448"
],
"featImg": "science_8184",
"label": "science"
},
"science_8000": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_8000",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "8000",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1378341186000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1378341186,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Stanford Students Unveil a Model Affordable Green Home",
"headTitle": "Stanford Students Unveil a Model Affordable Green Home | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>On Wednesday, students at Stanford University showed off their vision for the home of the future. The one-bedroom, one-bath cottage is their entry in the Department of Energy’s biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\">Solar Decathlon\u003c/a>, in which students from around the world compete to design the most affordable green dwelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of why we love doing this is it’s not just a homework assignment or a grade at the end,” said Stanford student Derek Ouyang, team leader for the \u003ca href=\"http://solardecathlon.stanford.edu/\">project\u003c/a>. “It’s a real project with real problems and a real end result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8004\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/Derek-Ouyang-project-leader-e1378340842137.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/Derek-Ouyang-project-leader-e1378340842137.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford student Derek Ouyang gets ready to lead a tour of his team's solar house. (Joshua Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8004\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford student Derek Ouyang gets ready to lead a tour of his team’s solar house. (Joshua Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The so-called “net-zero” home supplies all its own energy from rooftop solar, recycles water from sinks and showers and helps reduce smog with a paint that breaks down nitrous oxide in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford team’s main innovation is what they call the “core.” It contains all the utilities and plumbing for the house in a large central box. The house can be built around it. Ouyang said it allows a house to grow with its residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A home is something that is important to anybody, and most people want to be energy efficient but they don’t really know how to,” said Ouyang. “So that’s a big part of why the core really enters that market. Because it gives people an easy way to design and build an energy efficient home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this month, the house will be dismantled and shipped to Southern California for the week-long competition. \u003ca href=\"http://scuradianthouse.org/\">Santa Clara University\u003c/a> is also fielding an entry.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 295,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1704935130,
"excerpt": "The one-bedroom, one-bath cottage is their entry in the Department of Energy’s biennial Solar Decathlon, in which students from around the world compete to design the most affordable green dwelling.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The one-bedroom, one-bath cottage is their entry in the Department of Energy’s biennial Solar Decathlon, in which students from around the world compete to design the most affordable green dwelling.",
"title": "Stanford Students Unveil a Model Affordable Green Home | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Stanford Students Unveil a Model Affordable Green Home",
"datePublished": "2013-09-04T17:33:06-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:05:30-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "stanford-students-unveil-a-model-affordable-green-home",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/8000/stanford-students-unveil-a-model-affordable-green-home",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Wednesday, students at Stanford University showed off their vision for the home of the future. The one-bedroom, one-bath cottage is their entry in the Department of Energy’s biennial \u003ca href=\"http://www.solardecathlon.gov/\">Solar Decathlon\u003c/a>, in which students from around the world compete to design the most affordable green dwelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of why we love doing this is it’s not just a homework assignment or a grade at the end,” said Stanford student Derek Ouyang, team leader for the \u003ca href=\"http://solardecathlon.stanford.edu/\">project\u003c/a>. “It’s a real project with real problems and a real end result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_8004\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/Derek-Ouyang-project-leader-e1378340842137.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/Derek-Ouyang-project-leader-e1378340842137.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford student Derek Ouyang gets ready to lead a tour of his team's solar house. (Joshua Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8004\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford student Derek Ouyang gets ready to lead a tour of his team’s solar house. (Joshua Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The so-called “net-zero” home supplies all its own energy from rooftop solar, recycles water from sinks and showers and helps reduce smog with a paint that breaks down nitrous oxide in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford team’s main innovation is what they call the “core.” It contains all the utilities and plumbing for the house in a large central box. The house can be built around it. Ouyang said it allows a house to grow with its residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A home is something that is important to anybody, and most people want to be energy efficient but they don’t really know how to,” said Ouyang. “So that’s a big part of why the core really enters that market. Because it gives people an easy way to design and build an energy efficient home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this month, the house will be dismantled and shipped to Southern California for the week-long competition. \u003ca href=\"http://scuradianthouse.org/\">Santa Clara University\u003c/a> is also fielding an entry.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/8000/stanford-students-unveil-a-model-affordable-green-home",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_89",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_64",
"science_652"
],
"featImg": "science_8004",
"label": "science"
},
"science_7879": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_7879",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7879",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1378239957000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1378239957,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Appeals Court Rules Against Drakes Bay Oyster Company",
"headTitle": "Appeals Court Rules Against Drakes Bay Oyster Company | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7906\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/3015scr_f6b619e49520792-e1378238806509.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7906\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/3015scr_f6b619e49520792-e1378238806509.jpg\" alt=\"Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"384\" height=\"216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Drakes Bay Oyster Company is located in Drakes Estero within the Point Reyes National Seashore. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Options have about run out for the embattled \u003ca href=\"http://www.drakesbayoyster.com/\">Drakes Bay Oyster Company\u003c/a>. A new court order may be the final blow for the oyster farm, located within the \u003ca title=\"NPS - Pt. Reyes\" href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pore/index.htm\">Point Reyes National Seashore.\u003c/a> The aquaculture operation had appealed a decision by the Department of the Interior to allow its lease to lapse. Owner Kevin Lunny had hoped the farm would be allowed to remain open while things were sorted out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/165191199/13-15227-Drakes-Bay-Opinion\">two-to-one decision handed down Tuesday\u003c/a> (embedded below), the 9th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals backed up a district court’s ruling not to grant a preliminary injunction — in other words, the farm can’t stay open while it awaits the outcome of its appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this is followed through without challenge, it could allow the Park Service to step in and force us to kill 19 million oysters,” said Lunny. “Put them in a landfill, and send 30 families down the road with no jobs and demolish their homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/ci_24004549/9th-u-s-circuit-court-appeals-rules-against\">Marin Independent Journal\u003c/a> offers some background on the battle:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The closure order came on Nov. 29 of last year, when Salazar announced he would allow a 40-year lease — originally negotiated with the Johnson Oyster Co. in 1972 and taken on by Drakes Bay — to expire. In 1972, the federal government bought the land from Johnson for $79,200 and provided the lease. Lunny took over the lease in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar wrote in his decision that Lunny was explicitly informed “no new permit will be issued” after the 2012 expiration date.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The court found that the farm was not likely to prove that then-Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar violated the law when he decided not to allow the farm to renew its lease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its decision, the court quickly gets to the heart of the conflict: “This appeal, which pits an oyster farm, oyster lovers and well-known ‘foodies’ against environmentalists aligned with the federal government, has generated considerable attention in the San Francisco Bay area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups are hailing this decision as a victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a really big deal,” said Amy Trainer, executive director of the Environmental Action Committee of West Marin. “It’s the third time that the oyster company has definitively been told no, and we believe that it’s time to move on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lunny said he’s consulting with lawyers to figure out possible next steps. But his only remaining hope would most likely be a reversal by the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/165191199/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=false\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 462,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"//www.scribd.com/embeds/165191199/content"
],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1704935140,
"excerpt": "A new court order may be the final blow for the Drakes Bay Oyster Company, located within the Point Reyes National Seashore. The oyster farm will not be allowed to continue operating while it awaits an appeal to the decision not to renew its lease.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A new court order may be the final blow for the Drakes Bay Oyster Company, located within the Point Reyes National Seashore. The oyster farm will not be allowed to continue operating while it awaits an appeal to the decision not to renew its lease.",
"title": "Appeals Court Rules Against Drakes Bay Oyster Company | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Appeals Court Rules Against Drakes Bay Oyster Company",
"datePublished": "2013-09-03T13:25:57-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:05:40-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "appeals-court-rules-against-drakes-bay-oyster-company",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/7879/appeals-court-rules-against-drakes-bay-oyster-company",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7906\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/3015scr_f6b619e49520792-e1378238806509.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7906\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/3015scr_f6b619e49520792-e1378238806509.jpg\" alt=\"Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"384\" height=\"216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Drakes Bay Oyster Company is located in Drakes Estero within the Point Reyes National Seashore. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Options have about run out for the embattled \u003ca href=\"http://www.drakesbayoyster.com/\">Drakes Bay Oyster Company\u003c/a>. A new court order may be the final blow for the oyster farm, located within the \u003ca title=\"NPS - Pt. Reyes\" href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pore/index.htm\">Point Reyes National Seashore.\u003c/a> The aquaculture operation had appealed a decision by the Department of the Interior to allow its lease to lapse. Owner Kevin Lunny had hoped the farm would be allowed to remain open while things were sorted out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/165191199/13-15227-Drakes-Bay-Opinion\">two-to-one decision handed down Tuesday\u003c/a> (embedded below), the 9th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals backed up a district court’s ruling not to grant a preliminary injunction — in other words, the farm can’t stay open while it awaits the outcome of its appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this is followed through without challenge, it could allow the Park Service to step in and force us to kill 19 million oysters,” said Lunny. “Put them in a landfill, and send 30 families down the road with no jobs and demolish their homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinij.com/ci_24004549/9th-u-s-circuit-court-appeals-rules-against\">Marin Independent Journal\u003c/a> offers some background on the battle:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The closure order came on Nov. 29 of last year, when Salazar announced he would allow a 40-year lease — originally negotiated with the Johnson Oyster Co. in 1972 and taken on by Drakes Bay — to expire. In 1972, the federal government bought the land from Johnson for $79,200 and provided the lease. Lunny took over the lease in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar wrote in his decision that Lunny was explicitly informed “no new permit will be issued” after the 2012 expiration date.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The court found that the farm was not likely to prove that then-Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar violated the law when he decided not to allow the farm to renew its lease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its decision, the court quickly gets to the heart of the conflict: “This appeal, which pits an oyster farm, oyster lovers and well-known ‘foodies’ against environmentalists aligned with the federal government, has generated considerable attention in the San Francisco Bay area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups are hailing this decision as a victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a really big deal,” said Amy Trainer, executive director of the Environmental Action Committee of West Marin. “It’s the third time that the oyster company has definitively been told no, and we believe that it’s time to move on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lunny said he’s consulting with lawyers to figure out possible next steps. But his only remaining hope would most likely be a reversal by the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/165191199/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=false\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/7879/appeals-court-rules-against-drakes-bay-oyster-company",
"authors": [
"200"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_36",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_64"
],
"featImg": "science_7906",
"label": "science"
},
"science_7765": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_7765",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7765",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1378216834000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1378216834,
"format": "aside",
"title": "New NASA Moon Mission Aims to Solve a 40-Year-Old Mystery",
"headTitle": "New NASA Moon Mission Aims to Solve a 40-Year-Old Mystery | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7775\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 946px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/acd13-0101-008.SCALE-3.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/acd13-0101-008.SCALE-3.jpg\" alt=\"Artist's conception of NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft in orbit above the moon as dust scatters light during the lunar sunset. Image credit: NASA Ames / Dana Berry\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s conception of NASA’s Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft in orbit above the moon as dust scatters light during the lunar sunset. Click to enlarge. Image credit: NASA Ames / Dana Berry\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A car-sized robotic spacecraft called LADEE, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ladee/main/index.html\">Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer\u003c/a>, leaves on a mission to the moon as early as Friday, September 6. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LADEE will orbit the moon for about three months – picking up and analyzing samples from the lunar atmosphere and beaming data back to Earth – before self-destructing in an intentional crash landing on the lunar surface. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $280 million LADEE mission was commissioned by NASA Ames Research Center, in Mountain View, to answer a 41-year old mystery, one that was sketched out in December of 1972 from inside the command module of Apollo 17 as it orbited the dark side of the moon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/people/profile.cfm?Code=DeloryG\">Greg Delory\u003c/a>, deputy project scientist on LADEE mission, came in to KQED recently to tell the story, and what his team hopes to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KQED Science: Tell us about Apollo 17 Commander Eugene Cernan, “the \u003ca href=\"http://www.genecernan.com/\">last man on the moon\u003c/a>,” and that first glimpse of the mysterious lunar “streamers.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DELORY: Imagine you’re an Apollo astronaut, riding in the Apollo command module as it orbits around the moon. You’re looking out the window, trying to take it all in, looking at the dark side of the moon. It’s very dark. You’ve got starlight against the blackest sky you can imagine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cernan saw a faint glow on the lunar horizon. That was expected. There’s a phenomenon called “zodiacal light,” which is basically sunlight and starlight scattered by dust that we know about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then something happened that no one expected. On top of this zodiacal light, Cernan saw these bands of light. They looked like streamers coming up form the lunar horizon. I would compare it to aurora borealis. This was not consistent with anything we know about the moon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And he pulled out his sketchpad and drew a picture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://d1lhirsz7m8sbi.cloudfront.net/science/wp-content/blogs.dir/48/files/2013/08/455851main_Cernan_sketch_CROP2-e1377887358375.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://d1lhirsz7m8sbi.cloudfront.net/science/wp-content/blogs.dir/48/files/2013/08/455851main_Cernan_sketch_CROP2-e1377887358375.jpg\" alt=\"Eugene Cernan's 1972 sketch, showing the mysterious "streamers" (in green) on the lunar surface. Credit: NASA\" width=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two images of Eugene Cernan’s 1972 sketch – the version on the right has been annotated to highlight the the mysterious “streamers” (in green) on the lunar surface. Credit: NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Click image to enlarge)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We owe him a big debt of gratitude because he did sit down and actually sketch this out, and describe it for us. It’s a little strange when we put together a science program based on an eyewitness account. But it’s part of the evidence we have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the best explanation we have for it is a population of dust particles between 5-10 millionths of a meter in diameter, levitating off the surface by a few feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I’m picturing the dust you see floating in your house, if you look under a lamp…\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be an apt analogy. It could be electrostatic. The surface of the moon gets charged up in space because of sunlight and because of charged particles that impact the surface. So that could cause dust to levitate, to get repelled. So it may be not all that different from a situation where you’ve got a carpet that people have been walking over and it’s all charged up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is lunar dust like Earth dust?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lunar dust is not like anything we on Earth have much experience with. It’s like little shards of glass. It’s actually pretty nasty stuff and you wouldn’t want to breathe it. It exists in this airless environment with no wind, no erosion, no water. So when it breaks off it’s sharp and angular and jagged, whereas Earth dust is smooth and rounded. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Which could be a problem for potential future missions to the moon, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Now may be out last chance to characterize the pristine lunar environment. You can almost think of it like a fragile, future national park before all the tourists arrive.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Yes, we worry about the toxicity of lunar dust, about it’s interaction with robotic systems and people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronauts testified that there was a gunpowder smell when they brought their spacesuits inside, so that brings up the possibility that there could be a chemical reaction when the dust hits the spacesuit. There’s a lot we need to learn about lunar dust. It’s big on the agenda in terms of safety and reliability. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nBut it’s been a long time since humans went to the moon. The manned moon program ended with Apollo in 1972. Do you see people – rather than just robots – returning to the lunar surface anytime soon? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a matter of when. We go through cycles. I’d say we’ve just gone through our second renaissance in understanding the moon. You’ve got the lunar reconnaissance orbiter; you had \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/nasa-ames-rocket-to-the-moon/\">LCROSS\u003c/a> impact, showing there’s was water in the poles. You’ve got LADEE coming up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7779\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 213px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Apollo_11_first_step-213x162.jpg\" alt=\"Neil Armstrong (1930–2012), commander of NASA's Apollo 11 mission, descends the ladder of the Apollo Lunar Module to become the first human to step foot on the surface of the Moon. \" width=\"213\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-large wp-image-7779\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neil Armstrong (1930–2012), commander of NASA’s Apollo 11 mission, descends the ladder of the Apollo Lunar Module to become the first human to step foot on the surface of the Moon.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/science/china-gets-set-launch-its-first-moon-lander-years-end-8C11028642\">The Chinese recently announced that they’re going to put a lander down somewhere on the moon\u003c/a>. We’re learning the details as we speak. They’re doing that in December, during the LADEE mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So LADEE will be there at the same time as the Chinese spacecraft. Is that going to be a problem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, [the Chinese mission] is going to perturb the lunar environment and we’re going to see the effects almost immediately. But it’s not a negative thing. With LADEE, we can look at the environment’s response to the [Chinese spacecraft’s] landing, and it’s almost like a scientific experiment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now’s a great time to do LADEE because it may be out last chance to characterize the pristine lunar environment. You can almost think of it like a fragile, future national park before all the tourists arrive. So we’ll have at least a few months to do that before other landers start coming along, including the Chinese lander. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LADEE is also a test run for a new way of getting data back to Earth, right? Tell us about that. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know if If you remember using a dial-up modem, ever? how excited were you when you got DSL, or cable internet. That’s what this new laser system feels like for scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the communications system is based on radio. This is relatively long wavelength electromagnetic waves which carry information back from the moon at dial up modem speeds. So we’re constrained to this tight spigot. Meanwhile, instruments are getting capable. We want to send back high-definition images; we want to send back video, from the moon and from Mars. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/acd13-0101-014crop1.jpg\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7796\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/acd13-0101-014crop1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/acd13-0101-014crop1.jpg\" alt=\"An artist's concept of NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft seen orbiting near the surface of the moon. Image credit: NASA Ames / Dana Berry\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist’s concept of NASA’s Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft seen orbiting near the surface of the moon. Click to enlarge. Image credit: NASA Ames / Dana Berry\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A laser system uses laser light to encode the information. It’s the same rationale for why cable companies want to go to fiber optics. So how to do that from space? Well, you can’t string a cable. So you have to bring a ray gun, literally. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s just a demonstration. You don’t want to couple your mission success with the technical risk that the laser system could fail. The laser demonstration will send a test pattern to demonstrate that it works. And put it on the road to interplanetary use.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nNASA Ames is hosting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/ames/events/ladee-science-night/\">science night\u003c/a> from 5 to 9 p.m. PDT Friday, Sept. 6, on Shenandoah Plaza in the NASA Research Park at Moffett Field, Calif. Exhibits will be on display and Ames scientists and engineers will be available to speak about LADEE and other NASA programs and projects.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1397,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 32
},
"modified": 1704935148,
"excerpt": "In 1972, an Apollo 17 astronaut glimpsed a strange phenomenon of streaming light from the window of the command module as it orbited the dark side of the moon. Now, a new NASA mission aims to discover what caused that phenomenon, and whether it could be a hazard for future lunar landings. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "In 1972, an Apollo 17 astronaut glimpsed a strange phenomenon of streaming light from the window of the command module as it orbited the dark side of the moon. Now, a new NASA mission aims to discover what caused that phenomenon, and whether it could be a hazard for future lunar landings. ",
"title": "New NASA Moon Mission Aims to Solve a 40-Year-Old Mystery | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "New NASA Moon Mission Aims to Solve a 40-Year-Old Mystery",
"datePublished": "2013-09-03T07:00:34-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:05:48-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "new-nasa-moon-mission-aims-to-solve-a-40-year-old-mystery",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/7765/new-nasa-moon-mission-aims-to-solve-a-40-year-old-mystery",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7775\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 946px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/acd13-0101-008.SCALE-3.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/acd13-0101-008.SCALE-3.jpg\" alt=\"Artist's conception of NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft in orbit above the moon as dust scatters light during the lunar sunset. Image credit: NASA Ames / Dana Berry\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s conception of NASA’s Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft in orbit above the moon as dust scatters light during the lunar sunset. Click to enlarge. Image credit: NASA Ames / Dana Berry\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A car-sized robotic spacecraft called LADEE, or \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ladee/main/index.html\">Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer\u003c/a>, leaves on a mission to the moon as early as Friday, September 6. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LADEE will orbit the moon for about three months – picking up and analyzing samples from the lunar atmosphere and beaming data back to Earth – before self-destructing in an intentional crash landing on the lunar surface. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $280 million LADEE mission was commissioned by NASA Ames Research Center, in Mountain View, to answer a 41-year old mystery, one that was sketched out in December of 1972 from inside the command module of Apollo 17 as it orbited the dark side of the moon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/people/profile.cfm?Code=DeloryG\">Greg Delory\u003c/a>, deputy project scientist on LADEE mission, came in to KQED recently to tell the story, and what his team hopes to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KQED Science: Tell us about Apollo 17 Commander Eugene Cernan, “the \u003ca href=\"http://www.genecernan.com/\">last man on the moon\u003c/a>,” and that first glimpse of the mysterious lunar “streamers.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DELORY: Imagine you’re an Apollo astronaut, riding in the Apollo command module as it orbits around the moon. You’re looking out the window, trying to take it all in, looking at the dark side of the moon. It’s very dark. You’ve got starlight against the blackest sky you can imagine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cernan saw a faint glow on the lunar horizon. That was expected. There’s a phenomenon called “zodiacal light,” which is basically sunlight and starlight scattered by dust that we know about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then something happened that no one expected. On top of this zodiacal light, Cernan saw these bands of light. They looked like streamers coming up form the lunar horizon. I would compare it to aurora borealis. This was not consistent with anything we know about the moon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And he pulled out his sketchpad and drew a picture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7769\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://d1lhirsz7m8sbi.cloudfront.net/science/wp-content/blogs.dir/48/files/2013/08/455851main_Cernan_sketch_CROP2-e1377887358375.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://d1lhirsz7m8sbi.cloudfront.net/science/wp-content/blogs.dir/48/files/2013/08/455851main_Cernan_sketch_CROP2-e1377887358375.jpg\" alt=\"Eugene Cernan's 1972 sketch, showing the mysterious "streamers" (in green) on the lunar surface. Credit: NASA\" width=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two images of Eugene Cernan’s 1972 sketch – the version on the right has been annotated to highlight the the mysterious “streamers” (in green) on the lunar surface. Credit: NASA\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Click image to enlarge)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We owe him a big debt of gratitude because he did sit down and actually sketch this out, and describe it for us. It’s a little strange when we put together a science program based on an eyewitness account. But it’s part of the evidence we have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the best explanation we have for it is a population of dust particles between 5-10 millionths of a meter in diameter, levitating off the surface by a few feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I’m picturing the dust you see floating in your house, if you look under a lamp…\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be an apt analogy. It could be electrostatic. The surface of the moon gets charged up in space because of sunlight and because of charged particles that impact the surface. So that could cause dust to levitate, to get repelled. So it may be not all that different from a situation where you’ve got a carpet that people have been walking over and it’s all charged up. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is lunar dust like Earth dust?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lunar dust is not like anything we on Earth have much experience with. It’s like little shards of glass. It’s actually pretty nasty stuff and you wouldn’t want to breathe it. It exists in this airless environment with no wind, no erosion, no water. So when it breaks off it’s sharp and angular and jagged, whereas Earth dust is smooth and rounded. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Which could be a problem for potential future missions to the moon, right?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Now may be out last chance to characterize the pristine lunar environment. You can almost think of it like a fragile, future national park before all the tourists arrive.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Yes, we worry about the toxicity of lunar dust, about it’s interaction with robotic systems and people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronauts testified that there was a gunpowder smell when they brought their spacesuits inside, so that brings up the possibility that there could be a chemical reaction when the dust hits the spacesuit. There’s a lot we need to learn about lunar dust. It’s big on the agenda in terms of safety and reliability. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nBut it’s been a long time since humans went to the moon. The manned moon program ended with Apollo in 1972. Do you see people – rather than just robots – returning to the lunar surface anytime soon? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a matter of when. We go through cycles. I’d say we’ve just gone through our second renaissance in understanding the moon. You’ve got the lunar reconnaissance orbiter; you had \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/nasa-ames-rocket-to-the-moon/\">LCROSS\u003c/a> impact, showing there’s was water in the poles. You’ve got LADEE coming up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7779\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 213px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Apollo_11_first_step-213x162.jpg\" alt=\"Neil Armstrong (1930–2012), commander of NASA's Apollo 11 mission, descends the ladder of the Apollo Lunar Module to become the first human to step foot on the surface of the Moon. \" width=\"213\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-large wp-image-7779\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neil Armstrong (1930–2012), commander of NASA’s Apollo 11 mission, descends the ladder of the Apollo Lunar Module to become the first human to step foot on the surface of the Moon.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/science/china-gets-set-launch-its-first-moon-lander-years-end-8C11028642\">The Chinese recently announced that they’re going to put a lander down somewhere on the moon\u003c/a>. We’re learning the details as we speak. They’re doing that in December, during the LADEE mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So LADEE will be there at the same time as the Chinese spacecraft. Is that going to be a problem?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, [the Chinese mission] is going to perturb the lunar environment and we’re going to see the effects almost immediately. But it’s not a negative thing. With LADEE, we can look at the environment’s response to the [Chinese spacecraft’s] landing, and it’s almost like a scientific experiment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now’s a great time to do LADEE because it may be out last chance to characterize the pristine lunar environment. You can almost think of it like a fragile, future national park before all the tourists arrive. So we’ll have at least a few months to do that before other landers start coming along, including the Chinese lander. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LADEE is also a test run for a new way of getting data back to Earth, right? Tell us about that. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t know if If you remember using a dial-up modem, ever? how excited were you when you got DSL, or cable internet. That’s what this new laser system feels like for scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the communications system is based on radio. This is relatively long wavelength electromagnetic waves which carry information back from the moon at dial up modem speeds. So we’re constrained to this tight spigot. Meanwhile, instruments are getting capable. We want to send back high-definition images; we want to send back video, from the moon and from Mars. \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "kqedEmbed",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"url": "http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/acd13-0101-014crop1.jpg"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7796\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/acd13-0101-014crop1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/acd13-0101-014crop1.jpg\" alt=\"An artist's concept of NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft seen orbiting near the surface of the moon. Image credit: NASA Ames / Dana Berry\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist’s concept of NASA’s Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft seen orbiting near the surface of the moon. Click to enlarge. Image credit: NASA Ames / Dana Berry\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A laser system uses laser light to encode the information. It’s the same rationale for why cable companies want to go to fiber optics. So how to do that from space? Well, you can’t string a cable. So you have to bring a ray gun, literally. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s just a demonstration. You don’t want to couple your mission success with the technical risk that the laser system could fail. The laser demonstration will send a test pattern to demonstrate that it works. And put it on the road to interplanetary use.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nNASA Ames is hosting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/ames/events/ladee-science-night/\">science night\u003c/a> from 5 to 9 p.m. PDT Friday, Sept. 6, on Shenandoah Plaza in the NASA Research Park at Moffett Field, Calif. Exhibits will be on display and Ames scientists and engineers will be available to speak about LADEE and other NASA programs and projects.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/7765/new-nasa-moon-mission-aims-to-solve-a-40-year-old-mystery",
"authors": [
"210"
],
"categories": [
"science_28",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_628",
"science_5175"
],
"featImg": "science_7768",
"label": "science"
},
"science_7712": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_7712",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7712",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1377885405000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1377885405,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Congrats, It's an App! Family Planning with Your Smartphone",
"headTitle": "Congrats, It’s an App! Family Planning with Your Smartphone | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/09/2013-09-02-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>More and more people are tracking sexual activity on their smartphones. We’re not talking about watching X-rated videos. Rather, we mean fertility apps for getting pregnant, the newest high-tech trend in helping people conceive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Natural Resources, a baby store in San Francisco’s Mission district, it’s not hard to find couples who track their sexual activity online. Lorraine Acosta is 15 weeks pregnant and attending her first pre-natal class. While the 30-year-old wants to give birth the old-fashioned way, she got pregnant with the help of an app called \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sleekbit.ovuview&hl=en&referrer=utm_source%3Dgoogle%26utm_medium%3Dorganic%26utm_term%3Dovuview+iphone\">OvuView\u003c/a>. “I’m an Android user,” Acosta says, “so I like this app for Android.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OvuView has more than 18,000 reviews in the app store, and gets mostly five out of five stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a woman is ovulating, her body temperature at rest goes up a degree or so. The app asks you to log that temperature before getting out of bed every morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It synched with my alarm,” Acosta says. “So everyday when my alarm went on, the app also showed a notification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app also asks women to describe, on a daily basis, the quality of the mucus coming from their cervix. As the mucus goes from creamy and thick to clear like an egg white, a woman is getting more fertile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many women would feel anxious logging so much personal information, Acosta says the app made her feel more in control. The very month she and her husband Andres Ornelas wanted to conceive, she got pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta says the app did not dictate when she and her husband should have sex. “It just told me when I was more fertile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Is it for fertility or sexual preferences? I don’t know!”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Dozens of self-tracking apps have popped up on the market in the last few years to help women find their fertility window. One new high-profile app called \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/glow-conceive-confidence/id638021335?mt=8\">Glow \u003c/a>is going a step further, and asking some very personal questions about sexual activity—questions like: Was the woman’s position on the bottom, in front, on top, other? Was there a female orgasm? Was there emotional discomfort? Sad, angry, or stressed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta laughs when she reads through the list. “Is it for fertility or sexual preferences,” she said, “I don’t know!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ornelas raises his eyebrows. “I’m kind of curious what it does with the answers that you give it,” he says. “Those seem like questions that I’ve never seen related to fertility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s mostly right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fertility specialists say there’s no consensus on how stress can impact pregnancy. Studies show female orgasm has little to no effect on pregnancy. As to the impact of sexual positions on fertility—there’s not much serious research there, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/glowapp-e1377741180195-1024x813.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-7717\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-7717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/glowapp-e1377741180195-1024x813.jpg\" alt=\"Glow Founder Max Levchin says he's asking personal questions because his start-up is a science experiment.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"813\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Glow Founder Max Levchin says he’s asking personal questions because his start-up is a science experiment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Glow is based in San Francisco. The founder, Max Levchin, is a computer scientist, and Levchin says his company is running a science experiment. “Part of our responsibility here,” he said, “is to actually gather enough data to run a study and say, ‘You know what? People conceived faster if they tried it on their back.’ Or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levchin is the same Big Data scientist who helped launch PayPal in 1999. The payment service looks at what people buy online to try to predict what they want next. Glow wants to use crowdsourcing to figure out if certain myths about pregnancy are actually facts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as we have a couple hundred thousand data points,” Levchin says, “we’ll probably have the single largest study correlating sexual position to speed of conception.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glow stores all its data on the cloud. Sexual position is arguably more sensitive data than a credit card number, and this app does not\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>strip people’s names from their responses. Levchin says that’s a service, if a Glow app user needs to visit a fertility doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You actually want to show up with a log that that person can understand,” Levchin says. “They can look at and say, ‘Oh, you’ve been tracking your data. Let me tell you what your options are.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctor Marcelle Cedars is a fertility specialist at the University of California San Francisco. She is skeptical of the medical value of fertility tracking apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedars says she tries to make things as simple and low stress as possible for couples early in the process. “The more sort of boxes you put around their sexuality, to me, tends to increase stress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedars points out the data that Glow is collecting may not end up being useful for science: the women who choose to use Glow may not represent women in general. And these women may not tell the truth about their sexual activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedars also says fertility apps have to be crystal clear about whom they cannot help. These apps assume a woman is ovulating regularly. “But if you’re having periods every two to three months,” she says, “you may not be ovulating at all. There need to be some windows saying, ‘maybe you should talk to your doctor.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Glow app is free. Founder Max Levchin says he’s not worried about making money just yet. He’s focused on getting new users.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“As soon as we have a couple hundred thousand data points, we’ll probably have the single largest study correlating sexual position to speed of conception.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Levchin put a million dollars of his own money into Glow First, a non-profit fund offered as a premium service for app users who need to see a fertility specialist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a strong way to drive adoption so people use the app,” says Andrew Farquharson, Managing Director of InCube Ventures, “but over time that approach isn’t going to be sustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farquharson is a venture capitalist who invests in life science apps, but he says fertility apps are not ripe for investment because they don’t improve medical outcomes. With diabetes and heart patients, monitors that track blood sugar and heart rate “are better than going to a doctor once a day because they operate continuously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s waiting for products like Glow to integrate sensors. “When women don’t have to pee on a stick to know if they’re pregnant, I’ll reconsider.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levchin is toying with other ways to make his app profitable. Currently Glow has a companion edition for the partner of the woman trying to conceive. Using data about her mood and ovulation, Levchin says, Glow makes suggestions like, “This might be an excellent time to send a bouquet of flowers or book a spa trip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levchin says he’s not yet planning to integrate such features with commercial websites like flowers.com or hotels.com. “But since I am on Yelp’s board,” he says, “I know exactly where to look for the best florists and spa. And we actually talked about it when we were designing this thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andres Ornelas, the father-to-be from the baby store, calls that idea “kind of creepy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ornelas is a fan of self-tracking, but doesn’t want an app that intrudes on his marriage. “If an app told me, ‘Oh it’s that time of the month to buy flowers for your wife,’ then I feel like I’m not giving them the flowers. I feel like the app is doing it for me, so it’s pointless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the guy who always forgets to buy flowers might just like that feature. Fertility apps are still seeking their niche. After all, they’re only in their infancy. The start-up Glow hasn’t even reached its first trimester.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1411,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 34
},
"modified": 1704935158,
"excerpt": "Fertility apps are the newest high-tech trend in helping people conceive. There are dozens of apps on the market that help women find their fertility window. One high-profile app is going a step further, and asking some very personal questions. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Fertility apps are the newest high-tech trend in helping people conceive. There are dozens of apps on the market that help women find their fertility window. One high-profile app is going a step further, and asking some very personal questions. ",
"title": "Congrats, It's an App! Family Planning with Your Smartphone | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Congrats, It's an App! Family Planning with Your Smartphone",
"datePublished": "2013-08-30T10:56:45-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:05:58-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "congrats-its-an-app-family-planning-with-your-smartphone",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/09/2013-09-02-science.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/7712/congrats-its-an-app-family-planning-with-your-smartphone",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/09/2013-09-02-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>More and more people are tracking sexual activity on their smartphones. We’re not talking about watching X-rated videos. Rather, we mean fertility apps for getting pregnant, the newest high-tech trend in helping people conceive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Natural Resources, a baby store in San Francisco’s Mission district, it’s not hard to find couples who track their sexual activity online. Lorraine Acosta is 15 weeks pregnant and attending her first pre-natal class. While the 30-year-old wants to give birth the old-fashioned way, she got pregnant with the help of an app called \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sleekbit.ovuview&hl=en&referrer=utm_source%3Dgoogle%26utm_medium%3Dorganic%26utm_term%3Dovuview+iphone\">OvuView\u003c/a>. “I’m an Android user,” Acosta says, “so I like this app for Android.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OvuView has more than 18,000 reviews in the app store, and gets mostly five out of five stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a woman is ovulating, her body temperature at rest goes up a degree or so. The app asks you to log that temperature before getting out of bed every morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It synched with my alarm,” Acosta says. “So everyday when my alarm went on, the app also showed a notification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app also asks women to describe, on a daily basis, the quality of the mucus coming from their cervix. As the mucus goes from creamy and thick to clear like an egg white, a woman is getting more fertile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many women would feel anxious logging so much personal information, Acosta says the app made her feel more in control. The very month she and her husband Andres Ornelas wanted to conceive, she got pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta says the app did not dictate when she and her husband should have sex. “It just told me when I was more fertile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Is it for fertility or sexual preferences? I don’t know!”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Dozens of self-tracking apps have popped up on the market in the last few years to help women find their fertility window. One new high-profile app called \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/glow-conceive-confidence/id638021335?mt=8\">Glow \u003c/a>is going a step further, and asking some very personal questions about sexual activity—questions like: Was the woman’s position on the bottom, in front, on top, other? Was there a female orgasm? Was there emotional discomfort? Sad, angry, or stressed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acosta laughs when she reads through the list. “Is it for fertility or sexual preferences,” she said, “I don’t know!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ornelas raises his eyebrows. “I’m kind of curious what it does with the answers that you give it,” he says. “Those seem like questions that I’ve never seen related to fertility.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s mostly right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fertility specialists say there’s no consensus on how stress can impact pregnancy. Studies show female orgasm has little to no effect on pregnancy. As to the impact of sexual positions on fertility—there’s not much serious research there, either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/glowapp-e1377741180195-1024x813.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-7717\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-7717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/glowapp-e1377741180195-1024x813.jpg\" alt=\"Glow Founder Max Levchin says he's asking personal questions because his start-up is a science experiment.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"813\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Glow Founder Max Levchin says he’s asking personal questions because his start-up is a science experiment.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Glow is based in San Francisco. The founder, Max Levchin, is a computer scientist, and Levchin says his company is running a science experiment. “Part of our responsibility here,” he said, “is to actually gather enough data to run a study and say, ‘You know what? People conceived faster if they tried it on their back.’ Or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levchin is the same Big Data scientist who helped launch PayPal in 1999. The payment service looks at what people buy online to try to predict what they want next. Glow wants to use crowdsourcing to figure out if certain myths about pregnancy are actually facts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as we have a couple hundred thousand data points,” Levchin says, “we’ll probably have the single largest study correlating sexual position to speed of conception.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Glow stores all its data on the cloud. Sexual position is arguably more sensitive data than a credit card number, and this app does not\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>strip people’s names from their responses. Levchin says that’s a service, if a Glow app user needs to visit a fertility doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You actually want to show up with a log that that person can understand,” Levchin says. “They can look at and say, ‘Oh, you’ve been tracking your data. Let me tell you what your options are.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctor Marcelle Cedars is a fertility specialist at the University of California San Francisco. She is skeptical of the medical value of fertility tracking apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedars says she tries to make things as simple and low stress as possible for couples early in the process. “The more sort of boxes you put around their sexuality, to me, tends to increase stress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedars points out the data that Glow is collecting may not end up being useful for science: the women who choose to use Glow may not represent women in general. And these women may not tell the truth about their sexual activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedars also says fertility apps have to be crystal clear about whom they cannot help. These apps assume a woman is ovulating regularly. “But if you’re having periods every two to three months,” she says, “you may not be ovulating at all. There need to be some windows saying, ‘maybe you should talk to your doctor.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Glow app is free. Founder Max Levchin says he’s not worried about making money just yet. He’s focused on getting new users.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“As soon as we have a couple hundred thousand data points, we’ll probably have the single largest study correlating sexual position to speed of conception.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Levchin put a million dollars of his own money into Glow First, a non-profit fund offered as a premium service for app users who need to see a fertility specialist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a strong way to drive adoption so people use the app,” says Andrew Farquharson, Managing Director of InCube Ventures, “but over time that approach isn’t going to be sustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farquharson is a venture capitalist who invests in life science apps, but he says fertility apps are not ripe for investment because they don’t improve medical outcomes. With diabetes and heart patients, monitors that track blood sugar and heart rate “are better than going to a doctor once a day because they operate continuously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s waiting for products like Glow to integrate sensors. “When women don’t have to pee on a stick to know if they’re pregnant, I’ll reconsider.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levchin is toying with other ways to make his app profitable. Currently Glow has a companion edition for the partner of the woman trying to conceive. Using data about her mood and ovulation, Levchin says, Glow makes suggestions like, “This might be an excellent time to send a bouquet of flowers or book a spa trip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levchin says he’s not yet planning to integrate such features with commercial websites like flowers.com or hotels.com. “But since I am on Yelp’s board,” he says, “I know exactly where to look for the best florists and spa. And we actually talked about it when we were designing this thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andres Ornelas, the father-to-be from the baby store, calls that idea “kind of creepy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ornelas is a fan of self-tracking, but doesn’t want an app that intrudes on his marriage. “If an app told me, ‘Oh it’s that time of the month to buy flowers for your wife,’ then I feel like I’m not giving them the flowers. I feel like the app is doing it for me, so it’s pointless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the guy who always forgets to buy flowers might just like that feature. Fertility apps are still seeking their niche. After all, they’re only in their infancy. The start-up Glow hasn’t even reached its first trimester.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/7712/congrats-its-an-app-family-planning-with-your-smartphone",
"authors": [
"1340"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_39",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_5181",
"science_616",
"science_461"
],
"featImg": "science_7730",
"label": "science"
},
"science_7468": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_7468",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7468",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1377294018000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1377294018,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Climate Scientist to Politicians: It’s Time to Face the Facts",
"headTitle": "Climate Scientist to Politicians: It’s Time to Face the Facts | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/08/2013-08-26-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>As wildland fires continue to rage around Northern California, they’re charring the landscape, forcing evacuations and straining firefighting budgets, but extreme events like this may also be driving public opinion toward more action on climate change. And Anthony Barnosky hopes to catch that wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He heads the \u003ca title=\"UCB - Barnosky Lab\" href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/barnosky/a-d-barnosky-publications.html\">Barnosky Lab\u003c/a> at the University of California Berkeley, which studies “global change.” He’s the author of \u003cem>Heatstroke\u003c/em> and two other books about the climate challenge (one forthcoming in the spring).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7523\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 170px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-7523 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/IMG_5570-170x162.jpeg\" alt=\"IMG_5570\" width=\"170\" height=\"162\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Barnosky studies the effects climate change will have on the environment at UC Berkeley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/07/31/poll-strongest-support-yet-for-climate-action-in-california/\">Recent polling\u003c/a> shows that Californians are not just taking climate change seriously, but two-out-of-three believe that they’re already seeing the impacts. Barnosky agrees — and he senses (if you’ll forgive the pun) a sea change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the general public has finally tipped over the hump,” Barnosky told me in a recent interview at KQED. “Over the past few years, we’ve been seeing and living climate change,” he said, referring to extreme weather events and encroaching seas. “We’ve seen water pouring into the New York subway system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnosky also cited the 24,000 wildfires so far this year in the western U.S., along with heat waves and drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody’s experienced some climate change in the past few years,” he said. “What hasn’t happened yet is for that majority feeling, if you will, to percolate up to our political leaders. So I think we’re on the cusp of that being able to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it’s been happening in California. In May, Barnosky and more than 500 scientists joined Governor Brown in signing a “\u003ca title=\"MAHB - Climate Consensus\" href=\"http://mahb.stanford.edu/endorse-the-message-to-world-leaders/\">consensus statement\u003c/a>” affirming the climate crisis and calling for more action. And Brown continues to fret publicly about the lack of urgency in many quarters of government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a complete disproportion between the knowledge about and the magnitude of climate change and what it’s gonna do to our way of life, and our response,” Brown told an audience at the July Intersolar conference in San Francisco. “The response is feeble compared to the challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “\u003ca title=\"MAHB - Climate Consensus PDF\" href=\"http://mahb.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Consensus-Statement-For-Web-6-02-13.pdf\">Scientific Consensus on Maintaining Humanity’s Life Support Systems in the 21st Century\u003c/a>” (temporarily hosted by a related website at Stanford), written by Barnosky and 15 other scientists, is the centerpiece of a new push by scientists to advance the climate policy agenda and other sustainability issues. Since its May unveiling with the governor, the number of scientists endorsing it worldwide has about doubled, and it’s now \u003ca title=\"MAHB - Climate Consensus\" href=\"http://mahb.stanford.edu/endorse-the-message-to-world-leaders/\">open for anyone to sign\u003c/a> on.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We’re tired of talking just to other scientists.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s scientists trying to bridge that gap,” Barnosky explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca title=\"AGU - climate position\" href=\"http://www.agu.org/sci_pol/pdf/position_statements/AGU_Climate_Statement_new.pdf\">recent statement\u003c/a> from the 61,000-member American Geophysical Union amped up its position on climate change, saying flatly that, “humanity” is the major cause, and that ”rapid societal responses can significantly lessen negative outcomes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Barnosky laments,”We’re tired of talking just to other scientists. Somehow the message has not made it out in a way that has resulted in meaningful action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crossing the great divide from science to “activism” is a leap that many scientists just aren’t comfortable making and I was wondering how Barnosky reconciles that with projects like his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re trying to do is say, ‘Here is the sound science. Do with it what you will but know that this [increasingly severe climate impacts] is going to happen if you don’t act on it.’ So it’s all about making the conscious choice and knowing what the risks are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some surveys suggest that Barnosky has his work cut out for him. A \u003ca title=\"Gallup - poll\" href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/161645/americans-concerns-global-warming-rise.aspx\">national Gallup poll\u003c/a> in March showed almost the mirror image of California, with nearly two-out-of-three respondents saying they didn’t see climate change as a threat in their lifetimes — about the same number as ten years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes about a generation to change these things,” said Barnosky. “I would hope that we are on the cusp of that change, if we keep the pressure on, so to speak.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnosky says that “pressure” will include a major web presence and outreach through social media, starting this fall, and adds that while there is still time to act, “decision time is now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.scribd.com/embeds/162562526/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 799,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"http://www.scribd.com/embeds/162562526/content"
],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1704935204,
"excerpt": "In California, polling shows that most people think climate change is already having an effect. But scientists are concerned that politicians are not acting fast enough. Now a UC Berkeley professor is urging other scientists to speak out. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "In California, polling shows that most people think climate change is already having an effect. But scientists are concerned that politicians are not acting fast enough. Now a UC Berkeley professor is urging other scientists to speak out. ",
"title": "Climate Scientist to Politicians: It’s Time to Face the Facts | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Climate Scientist to Politicians: It’s Time to Face the Facts",
"datePublished": "2013-08-23T14:40:18-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:06:44-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "climate-scientist-to-politicians-its-time-to-face-the-facts",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/08/2013-08-26-science.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/7468/climate-scientist-to-politicians-its-time-to-face-the-facts",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/08/2013-08-26-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>As wildland fires continue to rage around Northern California, they’re charring the landscape, forcing evacuations and straining firefighting budgets, but extreme events like this may also be driving public opinion toward more action on climate change. And Anthony Barnosky hopes to catch that wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He heads the \u003ca title=\"UCB - Barnosky Lab\" href=\"http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/barnosky/a-d-barnosky-publications.html\">Barnosky Lab\u003c/a> at the University of California Berkeley, which studies “global change.” He’s the author of \u003cem>Heatstroke\u003c/em> and two other books about the climate challenge (one forthcoming in the spring).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7523\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 170px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-7523 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/IMG_5570-170x162.jpeg\" alt=\"IMG_5570\" width=\"170\" height=\"162\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Barnosky studies the effects climate change will have on the environment at UC Berkeley.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/07/31/poll-strongest-support-yet-for-climate-action-in-california/\">Recent polling\u003c/a> shows that Californians are not just taking climate change seriously, but two-out-of-three believe that they’re already seeing the impacts. Barnosky agrees — and he senses (if you’ll forgive the pun) a sea change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the general public has finally tipped over the hump,” Barnosky told me in a recent interview at KQED. “Over the past few years, we’ve been seeing and living climate change,” he said, referring to extreme weather events and encroaching seas. “We’ve seen water pouring into the New York subway system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnosky also cited the 24,000 wildfires so far this year in the western U.S., along with heat waves and drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody’s experienced some climate change in the past few years,” he said. “What hasn’t happened yet is for that majority feeling, if you will, to percolate up to our political leaders. So I think we’re on the cusp of that being able to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it’s been happening in California. In May, Barnosky and more than 500 scientists joined Governor Brown in signing a “\u003ca title=\"MAHB - Climate Consensus\" href=\"http://mahb.stanford.edu/endorse-the-message-to-world-leaders/\">consensus statement\u003c/a>” affirming the climate crisis and calling for more action. And Brown continues to fret publicly about the lack of urgency in many quarters of government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a complete disproportion between the knowledge about and the magnitude of climate change and what it’s gonna do to our way of life, and our response,” Brown told an audience at the July Intersolar conference in San Francisco. “The response is feeble compared to the challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “\u003ca title=\"MAHB - Climate Consensus PDF\" href=\"http://mahb.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Consensus-Statement-For-Web-6-02-13.pdf\">Scientific Consensus on Maintaining Humanity’s Life Support Systems in the 21st Century\u003c/a>” (temporarily hosted by a related website at Stanford), written by Barnosky and 15 other scientists, is the centerpiece of a new push by scientists to advance the climate policy agenda and other sustainability issues. Since its May unveiling with the governor, the number of scientists endorsing it worldwide has about doubled, and it’s now \u003ca title=\"MAHB - Climate Consensus\" href=\"http://mahb.stanford.edu/endorse-the-message-to-world-leaders/\">open for anyone to sign\u003c/a> on.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We’re tired of talking just to other scientists.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s scientists trying to bridge that gap,” Barnosky explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca title=\"AGU - climate position\" href=\"http://www.agu.org/sci_pol/pdf/position_statements/AGU_Climate_Statement_new.pdf\">recent statement\u003c/a> from the 61,000-member American Geophysical Union amped up its position on climate change, saying flatly that, “humanity” is the major cause, and that ”rapid societal responses can significantly lessen negative outcomes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Barnosky laments,”We’re tired of talking just to other scientists. Somehow the message has not made it out in a way that has resulted in meaningful action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crossing the great divide from science to “activism” is a leap that many scientists just aren’t comfortable making and I was wondering how Barnosky reconciles that with projects like his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re trying to do is say, ‘Here is the sound science. Do with it what you will but know that this [increasingly severe climate impacts] is going to happen if you don’t act on it.’ So it’s all about making the conscious choice and knowing what the risks are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some surveys suggest that Barnosky has his work cut out for him. A \u003ca title=\"Gallup - poll\" href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/161645/americans-concerns-global-warming-rise.aspx\">national Gallup poll\u003c/a> in March showed almost the mirror image of California, with nearly two-out-of-three respondents saying they didn’t see climate change as a threat in their lifetimes — about the same number as ten years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes about a generation to change these things,” said Barnosky. “I would hope that we are on the cusp of that change, if we keep the pressure on, so to speak.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barnosky says that “pressure” will include a major web presence and outreach through social media, starting this fall, and adds that while there is still time to act, “decision time is now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.scribd.com/embeds/162562526/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/7468/climate-scientist-to-politicians-its-time-to-face-the-facts",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_30",
"science_31",
"science_32",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_603",
"science_64"
],
"featImg": "science_7534",
"label": "science"
},
"science_7343": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_7343",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7343",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1377132089000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1377132089,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Rare Meteorite Lands Permanently at UC Davis",
"headTitle": "Rare Meteorite Lands Permanently at UC Davis | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A chunk of a rare meteorite is landing permanently at University of California, Davis. The university just acquired a piece of \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/20/stardust-and-sunbreath-in-the-sutters-mill-meteorite/\">the rock\u003c/a>, which fell in Northern California last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7357\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/meteorite-LindaWelzenbach_Smithsonian-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/meteorite-LindaWelzenbach_Smithsonian-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"The main mass of the rare Sutter's Mill meteorite before it was divided up between five scientific institutions. (Linda Welzenbach/Smithsonian Institution)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7357\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The main mass of the rare Sutter’s Mill meteorite before it was divided up between five scientific institutions. (Linda Welzenbach/Smithsonian Institution)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the meteorite slammed into Earth it had been minding its own business in the solar system for more than 4.5 billion years. The meteorite’s age makes it rare and valuable. It contains dust from ancient stars that exploded — the same stuff that eventually formed our solar system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason that we’re excited about this meteorite is, [it] witnessed the beginning of the solar system,” said \u003ca href=\"http://geology.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/yin.php\">Qing-Zhu Yin\u003c/a>, a geologist who specializes in meteorites at UC Davis. “If we want to unlock the secret of what happened 4 1/2 billion years ago leading to the formation of the solar system, this was a bystander from that point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7353\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/meteorite-1280-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7353 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/meteorite-1280-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"UC Davis geology professor Qing-Zhu Yin holds a fragment of the Sutter's Mill meteorite, a different piece than the one UC Davis just acquired. (Gregory Urquiaga/UC Davis)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Davis geology professor Qing-Zhu Yin holds a fragment of the Sutter’s Mill meteorite, a different piece than the one UC Davis just acquired. (Gregory Urquiaga/UC Davis)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the meteorite landed near Sutter’s Mill in April of last year, Yin and his students went to look for pieces of it. However, they didn’t find the largest piece until someone emailed Yin after attending a public lecture. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I saw it, [I thought] this is it,” Qin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This piece of the meteorite is being divided between five scientific institutions. Yin says Davis’s piece may be put on display in the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can see renderings of the meteorite on \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/user/YinLabatUCDavis?feature=watch\">YouTube\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 299,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 9
},
"modified": 1704935226,
"excerpt": "UC Davis is acquiring a chunk of meteorite that landed in Northern California last year. The meteorite's age makes it rare and valuable. It contains dust from ancient stars that exploded, the same stuff that eventually formed our solar system.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "UC Davis is acquiring a chunk of meteorite that landed in Northern California last year. The meteorite's age makes it rare and valuable. It contains dust from ancient stars that exploded, the same stuff that eventually formed our solar system.",
"title": "Rare Meteorite Lands Permanently at UC Davis | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Rare Meteorite Lands Permanently at UC Davis",
"datePublished": "2013-08-21T17:41:29-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:07:06-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "rare-meteorite-lands-permanently-at-uc-davis",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/7343/rare-meteorite-lands-permanently-at-uc-davis",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A chunk of a rare meteorite is landing permanently at University of California, Davis. The university just acquired a piece of \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/12/20/stardust-and-sunbreath-in-the-sutters-mill-meteorite/\">the rock\u003c/a>, which fell in Northern California last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7357\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/meteorite-LindaWelzenbach_Smithsonian-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/meteorite-LindaWelzenbach_Smithsonian-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"The main mass of the rare Sutter's Mill meteorite before it was divided up between five scientific institutions. (Linda Welzenbach/Smithsonian Institution)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7357\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The main mass of the rare Sutter’s Mill meteorite before it was divided up between five scientific institutions. (Linda Welzenbach/Smithsonian Institution)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before the meteorite slammed into Earth it had been minding its own business in the solar system for more than 4.5 billion years. The meteorite’s age makes it rare and valuable. It contains dust from ancient stars that exploded — the same stuff that eventually formed our solar system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason that we’re excited about this meteorite is, [it] witnessed the beginning of the solar system,” said \u003ca href=\"http://geology.ucdavis.edu/people/faculty/yin.php\">Qing-Zhu Yin\u003c/a>, a geologist who specializes in meteorites at UC Davis. “If we want to unlock the secret of what happened 4 1/2 billion years ago leading to the formation of the solar system, this was a bystander from that point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7353\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/meteorite-1280-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7353 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/meteorite-1280-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"UC Davis geology professor Qing-Zhu Yin holds a fragment of the Sutter's Mill meteorite, a different piece than the one UC Davis just acquired. (Gregory Urquiaga/UC Davis)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Davis geology professor Qing-Zhu Yin holds a fragment of the Sutter’s Mill meteorite, a different piece than the one UC Davis just acquired. (Gregory Urquiaga/UC Davis)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the meteorite landed near Sutter’s Mill in April of last year, Yin and his students went to look for pieces of it. However, they didn’t find the largest piece until someone emailed Yin after attending a public lecture. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I saw it, [I thought] this is it,” Qin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This piece of the meteorite is being divided between five scientific institutions. Yin says Davis’s piece may be put on display in the future. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can see renderings of the meteorite on \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/user/YinLabatUCDavis?feature=watch\">YouTube\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/7343/rare-meteorite-lands-permanently-at-uc-davis",
"authors": [
"200"
],
"categories": [
"science_28",
"science_38",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_575",
"science_576",
"science_577"
],
"featImg": "science_7352",
"label": "science"
},
"science_7191": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_7191",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7191",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1376697938000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1376697938,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Is Raising Shasta Dam the Best Bet for California’s Water Supply?",
"headTitle": "Is Raising Shasta Dam the Best Bet for California’s Water Supply? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/08/2013-08-19-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audio report by KQED Science Editor Craig Miller\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7208\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-featured-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7208\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-featured-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Shasta is the largest reservoir in California (Craig Miller)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shasta Lake is the largest reservoir in California (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just north of Redding sits the imposing Shasta Dam, and behind it, the largest single reservoir in California, accounting for about 17 percent of the state’s total water storage capacity. Government officials are now completing plans to make Shasta Lake even larger by raising the height of the dam. The proposed dam expansion is motivated by California’s projected population growth and increasingly limited water storage options. The estimated cost of adding 18 1/2 feet to the 600-foot edifice is over $1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the expansion proposal has sparked intense debates among local residents, Central Valley farmers, environmentalists, tribal groups and developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Same War, New Battle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tempting to say, “Welcome to the newest chapter in California’s never-ending battles over water” — though it’s not really new. The idea dates back at least a decade, to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwater.ca.gov/\">CALFED Bay-Delta water planning initiative\u003c/a>. But the proposal is getting fresh buzz now that the federal Bureau of Reclamation has issued a draft \u003ca title=\"USBOR - Shasta\" href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=1915\">environmental impact report\u003c/a> on the plan recommending the extra 18 1/2 feet, and political pressure for more water storage is mounting in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anytime you want to change anything in California water, it’s a big deal” said Jay Lund, who directs the \u003ca title=\"UCD - CWS\" href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/front?destination=node/116\">Center for Watershed Sciences\u003c/a> at the University of California Davis. “There’s always 500 different interests lined up on 500 different sides. There’s always going to be someone who’s unhappy, and they all have lawyers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-map05.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-7220\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-map05-640.jpg\" alt=\"shasta-map05\" width=\"1200\" height=\"868\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand the Shasta Dam proposal, a bit of historical perspective is helpful. When the dam was originally conceived in the 1930s, it was designed to be about 800 feet high. But the dam construction coincided with the outbreak of World War II, so limited manpower and scarce resources forced planners to scale back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Shasta Dam currently stands at 602 feet, or about 200 feet lower than originally envisaged. So while it’s therefore possible (from a purely engineering standpoint) to raise the dam by an additional 200 feet, no one is seriously considering that. Federal engineers say the proposed 18 1/2 feet of additional concrete would add about 14 percent to the lake’s existing capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for adding capacity is to have a bigger bank for stockpiling water in wet years, which could then be tapped during dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obvious, immediate consequence of an 18 1/2 foot raise is that several homes and businesses along the shoreline would be inundated, forcing the government to compensate property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water’s going to come up, so it’s going to take 11 of my 15 cabins out,” said Harold Jones, unrolling an aerial photo of his property. He and his wife have owned the \u003ca href=\"http://www.shasta-cabins.com/\">Sugarloaf Cottages\u003c/a> on the Sacramento River arm of Lake Shasta for 20 years. He said a government buyout of his property will push him into early retirement, with few alternate job prospects. “If they send us on our way and I lose my income, how am I going to support my family?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Jones-640.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7238\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Jones-640.jpg\" alt=\"Jones\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harold Jones owns Sugarloaf Cottages, which would be inundated if the lake level rose. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jones and others believe that raising the lake will be the death knell for the resort town of Lakehead, which is a tiny town whose year-round population of about 500 balloons with the influx of boaters during the summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, members of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.winnememwintu.us/\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe of Native Americans have been railing against the raise. When the dam was first constructed in 1945, they lost lands they claim as part of their heritage. They argue that the proposed expansion would lead to the further demise of their cultural legacy, including the inundation of 60-to-80 of their remaining sacred sites, many still used for tribal rituals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the debate is \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/wwd/default2.asp?cwide=1920\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, a politically powerful agency that supplies water mostly to farmers in the San Joaquin Valley. Westlands is a major beneficiary of Shasta water and would pay approximately 20 percent — or $200 million — of the estimated construction costs. Westlands general manager, Tom Birmingham, talks like it’s a bargain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re talking about creating surface storage in the state of California, this is the best project in terms of bang for your buck from the perspective of providing water for fisheries, providing water for human uses and providing hydroelectric generation,” Birmingham told us in a recent interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kl3e4__IIA4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three Big Ideas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other surface storage proposals of comparable cost and magnitude include \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/storage/docs/NODOS%20Project%20Docs/Sites_FAQ.pdf\">Sites Reservoir\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/storage/docs/USJ%20Project%20Docs/Temperance_FAQ.pdf\">Temperance Flat\u003c/a>. These projects have larger potential storage capacity, but also come with greater costs. Spokespeople for the Bureau of Reclamation expect draft environmental impact statements for both Sites Reservoir and Temperance Flat to be released in late-2013 or early-2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birmingham and the Bureau of Reclamation claim that the deeper pool of water behind Shasta Dam would allow more frequent releases of cold water to benefit \u003ca title=\"NMFS - salmon - steelhead\" href=\"http://swr.nmfs.noaa.gov/recovery/Steelhead_NCS.htm\">threatened salmon and other fish\u003c/a> downstream. Several environmental and fish advocacy groups beg to differ, saying there are more effective and cost-efficient ways to protect Central Valley salmon than a billion-dollar dam project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although theoretically there could be additional cold water — and there’s no doubt more of that is always better — it’s not guaranteed,” said John McManus, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>. “Add to that the certainty that more water would be channeled north to south across the Delta, which will almost certainly entrain more salmon in the pumps or pull them off their natural migration path to their death in the interior delta, and this is a bad idea for salmon,” McManus wrote in an email to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crucial point is that raising Shasta dam would not \u003cem>create\u003c/em> water, it would only add storage potential. All in all, Lund is skeptical that spending over $1 billion is the best strategy for ensuring a healthy water supply, let alone water for fish. “I think it depends on what you want to accomplish,” says Lund. “If you’re going to add a large amount of surface storage to the system, Shasta is probably one of the better places to put it. But it does cost you money, and my question is ‘Is that the best investment of that money?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"CA Water Blog - Lund\" href=\"http://californiawaterblog.com/2012/02/22/expanding-water-storage-capacity-in-california/\">Lund has argued for a more “holistic” approach\u003c/a> to California’s water conundrum, assessing the combined benefits of conservation and integrated management of surface and groundwater, rather than looking at big, individual engineering projects. “That’s the big fallacy around much of the discussion about storage in California,” says Lund. “We have a water shortage, not necessarily a storage shortage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal to raise Shasta requires Congressional approval. The next step will be for the Bureau of Reclamation to submit a final recommendation to the Department of Interior. If Congress approves funding for raising Shasta, it’s expected that the issue will wind up before the courts. After all, this is California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science Editor Craig Miller contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1277,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 26
},
"modified": 1704935252,
"excerpt": "Shasta Lake is the largest reservoir in California, and government officials are completing plans to make it even larger by raising the height of the dam. But the expansion has sparked intense debates among local residents, Central Valley farmers, environmentalists, tribal groups and developers.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Shasta Lake is the largest reservoir in California, and government officials are completing plans to make it even larger by raising the height of the dam. But the expansion has sparked intense debates among local residents, Central Valley farmers, environmentalists, tribal groups and developers.",
"title": "Is Raising Shasta Dam the Best Bet for California’s Water Supply? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Is Raising Shasta Dam the Best Bet for California’s Water Supply?",
"datePublished": "2013-08-16T17:05:38-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:07:32-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [
{
"userLogin": "mike-osborne",
"firstName": "Mike",
"lastName": "Osborne",
"website": "",
"displayName": "Mike Osborne",
"linkedAccount": "mosborne",
"nickname": "",
"description": "Mike Osborne is currently finishing his PhD at Stanford where he studies climate change in the tropical Pacific. In his research he uses coral-based records (similar to tree rings) to examine El Nino and La Nina cycles over the past few centuries. Mike also created and co-produces the \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/group/anthropocene/cgi-bin/wordpress/\">Generation Anthropocene\u003c/a> podcast which features interviews and stories covering a wide range of 21st Century global change issues. He loves travel and is always looking for a reason to be outside.",
"userEmail": "mosborne@kqed.org",
"ID": "4400",
"type": "guest-author",
"userNicename": "mike-osborne"
}
],
"slug": "is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/08/2013-08-19-science.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/7191/is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/08/2013-08-19-science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audio report by KQED Science Editor Craig Miller\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7208\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-featured-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7208\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-featured-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Shasta is the largest reservoir in California (Craig Miller)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shasta Lake is the largest reservoir in California (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Just north of Redding sits the imposing Shasta Dam, and behind it, the largest single reservoir in California, accounting for about 17 percent of the state’s total water storage capacity. Government officials are now completing plans to make Shasta Lake even larger by raising the height of the dam. The proposed dam expansion is motivated by California’s projected population growth and increasingly limited water storage options. The estimated cost of adding 18 1/2 feet to the 600-foot edifice is over $1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unsurprisingly, the expansion proposal has sparked intense debates among local residents, Central Valley farmers, environmentalists, tribal groups and developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Same War, New Battle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tempting to say, “Welcome to the newest chapter in California’s never-ending battles over water” — though it’s not really new. The idea dates back at least a decade, to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwater.ca.gov/\">CALFED Bay-Delta water planning initiative\u003c/a>. But the proposal is getting fresh buzz now that the federal Bureau of Reclamation has issued a draft \u003ca title=\"USBOR - Shasta\" href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/nepa/nepa_projdetails.cfm?Project_ID=1915\">environmental impact report\u003c/a> on the plan recommending the extra 18 1/2 feet, and political pressure for more water storage is mounting in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anytime you want to change anything in California water, it’s a big deal” said Jay Lund, who directs the \u003ca title=\"UCD - CWS\" href=\"https://watershed.ucdavis.edu/front?destination=node/116\">Center for Watershed Sciences\u003c/a> at the University of California Davis. “There’s always 500 different interests lined up on 500 different sides. There’s always going to be someone who’s unhappy, and they all have lawyers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-map05.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-7220\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/shasta-map05-640.jpg\" alt=\"shasta-map05\" width=\"1200\" height=\"868\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand the Shasta Dam proposal, a bit of historical perspective is helpful. When the dam was originally conceived in the 1930s, it was designed to be about 800 feet high. But the dam construction coincided with the outbreak of World War II, so limited manpower and scarce resources forced planners to scale back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Shasta Dam currently stands at 602 feet, or about 200 feet lower than originally envisaged. So while it’s therefore possible (from a purely engineering standpoint) to raise the dam by an additional 200 feet, no one is seriously considering that. Federal engineers say the proposed 18 1/2 feet of additional concrete would add about 14 percent to the lake’s existing capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for adding capacity is to have a bigger bank for stockpiling water in wet years, which could then be tapped during dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obvious, immediate consequence of an 18 1/2 foot raise is that several homes and businesses along the shoreline would be inundated, forcing the government to compensate property owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water’s going to come up, so it’s going to take 11 of my 15 cabins out,” said Harold Jones, unrolling an aerial photo of his property. He and his wife have owned the \u003ca href=\"http://www.shasta-cabins.com/\">Sugarloaf Cottages\u003c/a> on the Sacramento River arm of Lake Shasta for 20 years. He said a government buyout of his property will push him into early retirement, with few alternate job prospects. “If they send us on our way and I lose my income, how am I going to support my family?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Jones-640.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7238\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/Jones-640.jpg\" alt=\"Jones\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Harold Jones owns Sugarloaf Cottages, which would be inundated if the lake level rose. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jones and others believe that raising the lake will be the death knell for the resort town of Lakehead, which is a tiny town whose year-round population of about 500 balloons with the influx of boaters during the summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, members of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.winnememwintu.us/\">Winnemem Wintu\u003c/a> tribe of Native Americans have been railing against the raise. When the dam was first constructed in 1945, they lost lands they claim as part of their heritage. They argue that the proposed expansion would lead to the further demise of their cultural legacy, including the inundation of 60-to-80 of their remaining sacred sites, many still used for tribal rituals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the debate is \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org/wwd/default2.asp?cwide=1920\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, a politically powerful agency that supplies water mostly to farmers in the San Joaquin Valley. Westlands is a major beneficiary of Shasta water and would pay approximately 20 percent — or $200 million — of the estimated construction costs. Westlands general manager, Tom Birmingham, talks like it’s a bargain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re talking about creating surface storage in the state of California, this is the best project in terms of bang for your buck from the perspective of providing water for fisheries, providing water for human uses and providing hydroelectric generation,” Birmingham told us in a recent interview.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/kl3e4__IIA4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/kl3e4__IIA4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three Big Ideas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other surface storage proposals of comparable cost and magnitude include \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/storage/docs/NODOS%20Project%20Docs/Sites_FAQ.pdf\">Sites Reservoir\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/storage/docs/USJ%20Project%20Docs/Temperance_FAQ.pdf\">Temperance Flat\u003c/a>. These projects have larger potential storage capacity, but also come with greater costs. Spokespeople for the Bureau of Reclamation expect draft environmental impact statements for both Sites Reservoir and Temperance Flat to be released in late-2013 or early-2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birmingham and the Bureau of Reclamation claim that the deeper pool of water behind Shasta Dam would allow more frequent releases of cold water to benefit \u003ca title=\"NMFS - salmon - steelhead\" href=\"http://swr.nmfs.noaa.gov/recovery/Steelhead_NCS.htm\">threatened salmon and other fish\u003c/a> downstream. Several environmental and fish advocacy groups beg to differ, saying there are more effective and cost-efficient ways to protect Central Valley salmon than a billion-dollar dam project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although theoretically there could be additional cold water — and there’s no doubt more of that is always better — it’s not guaranteed,” said John McManus, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>. “Add to that the certainty that more water would be channeled north to south across the Delta, which will almost certainly entrain more salmon in the pumps or pull them off their natural migration path to their death in the interior delta, and this is a bad idea for salmon,” McManus wrote in an email to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crucial point is that raising Shasta dam would not \u003cem>create\u003c/em> water, it would only add storage potential. All in all, Lund is skeptical that spending over $1 billion is the best strategy for ensuring a healthy water supply, let alone water for fish. “I think it depends on what you want to accomplish,” says Lund. “If you’re going to add a large amount of surface storage to the system, Shasta is probably one of the better places to put it. But it does cost you money, and my question is ‘Is that the best investment of that money?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca title=\"CA Water Blog - Lund\" href=\"http://californiawaterblog.com/2012/02/22/expanding-water-storage-capacity-in-california/\">Lund has argued for a more “holistic” approach\u003c/a> to California’s water conundrum, assessing the combined benefits of conservation and integrated management of surface and groundwater, rather than looking at big, individual engineering projects. “That’s the big fallacy around much of the discussion about storage in California,” says Lund. “We have a water shortage, not necessarily a storage shortage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal to raise Shasta requires Congressional approval. The next step will be for the Bureau of Reclamation to submit a final recommendation to the Department of Interior. If Congress approves funding for raising Shasta, it’s expected that the issue will wind up before the courts. After all, this is California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science Editor Craig Miller contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/7191/is-raising-shasta-dam-the-best-bet-for-californias-water-supply",
"authors": [
"4400"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_89",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_43",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_572",
"science_463",
"science_110"
],
"featImg": "science_7251",
"label": "science"
},
"science_7005": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_7005",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "7005",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1376463660000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1376463660,
"format": "aside",
"title": "California's Redwoods May be Benefiting From Climate Change",
"headTitle": "California’s Redwoods May be Benefiting From Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The world’s biggest trees are experiencing a growth spurt. Coast redwoods and giant sequoias have grown faster in the past few decades than they have in a millennium. Scientists think climate change is at play, causing longer growing seasons in the Sierra Nevada, which benefit the sequoias, and less fog on the coast, which means more sun for the redwoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7022\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/redwood.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7022\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/redwood.jpg\" alt=\"Coast redwoods are the tallest trees on Earth; their cousins giant sequoias are the most massive. Both are native to California. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coast redwoods are the tallest trees on Earth; their cousins, the giant sequoias, are the most massive. Both are native to California. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fastest-growing tree the researchers found is putting on 1.6 cubic meters of wood a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the equivalent of this tree making 3.2 million pencils every year for the last decade. Which, over a decade, is enough to give everyone in California a pencil. And that’s one tree,” explained Emily Burns, the director of science at Save the Redwoods League, which leads the \u003ca href=\"http://rcci.savetheredwoods.org/index.shtml\">Redwoods and Climate Change Initiative\u003c/a> (RCCI), a research project that also includes scientists from University of California, Berkeley and Humboldt State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s iconic coast redwoods and giant sequoias live only along the Northern California coast and in the Sierra, respectively. With such a limited range, scientists wondered, how would old-growth forests handle change? Four years into the research, the answer seems to be, they’re loving it, which is hardly what the scientists expected to find. For years, scientists have been warning of the toll that climate change was likely to take on coast redwoods, partly because of reduced fog, which provides them with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think when we hear about climate change, and especially warming, I equate warming with dry. We know that is hard on the trees and other plants,” said Burns. “What we are realizing is that when the redwoods have enough access to water, even if it does warm up, under the current amount of warming, it’s a great condition for redwoods. That’s a wonderful happy surprise for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that makes research so wonderful to do is surprises,” added William Libby, a professor of forestry and genetics at Berkeley and an adviser to the project. “If we just found what we thought we were going to find, that would be pretty dull work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though one might add, climbing to the tops of some of the tallest trees on Earth for work (see video) could hardly be construed as dull, no matter the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"639\" height=\"359\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS203_measuring_redwood_giants.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.kqed.org%2Fquest%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fposter_frames%2FWS203_measuring_giant_redwoods640.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.kqed.org%2Fquest%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003cembed width=\"639\" height=\"359\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" flashvars=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS203_measuring_redwood_giants.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.kqed.org%2Fquest%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fposter_frames%2FWS203_measuring_giant_redwoods640.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.kqed.org%2Fquest%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Redwoods and Climate Change Initiative is looking at trees in 16 plots of old-growth forest in California, and has created a coast redwood tree ring record dating back to the year 328 (no, that’s not missing a 1 in front). What can you learn from such an old record? Well, the year 1580 was a rough one for redwoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t grow very much,” said Burns. “And that was a year that Sir Francis Drake reported having ice on his sails as he sailed along the coast of California. So we’re beginning to tease apart what conditions lead to tremendous growing conditions for redwoods and which ones are more detrimental.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7057\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 309px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/redwoodmap.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7057 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/redwoodmap.png\" alt=\"Click to go to a larger, interactive version of the map. (Courtesy Save the Redwoods League)\" width=\"309\" height=\"352\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">RCCI’s research plots. Click to go to a larger, interactive version of the map. (Map: Save the Redwoods League)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to figuring out just how big these trees are and how fast they’re growing, other members of the team are studying how seedlings respond to drought, how the climate where the trees live will continue to change and how redwoods have weathered previous climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re really wondering is, how long can (the growth surge) be sustained?” said \u003ca href=\"http://dawsonlab.synthasite.com/\">Todd Dawson of UC Berkeley\u003c/a>, another member of the RCCI team. He studies how the climate has changed in the past and how the trees responded then. That could help forecast what the future holds for the big trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As climates get warmer and potentially as snowpack declines and precipitation changes, are we going to hit some sort of a tipping point where all of a sudden new growth begins to decline and trees begin to decline?” he wonders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other questions still out there. The trees that are growing like gangbusters are the big ones, but the scientists hope to look at younger forests, too, and at the edges of forests, where these trees come into competition with other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burns said, the team will continue to monitor the trees for the next ten years to establish a baseline and look for change over time. Though with such long-lived species, Libby said, they should think in longer increments. “One hundred years, minimum,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, what’s a decade to something that hits a growth spurt during its second millennium of life?\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 831,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 18
},
"modified": 1704935277,
"excerpt": "The world's biggest trees are experiencing a growth spurt, and scientists think climate change may be playing a part in it. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The world's biggest trees are experiencing a growth spurt, and scientists think climate change may be playing a part in it. ",
"title": "California's Redwoods May be Benefiting From Climate Change | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California's Redwoods May be Benefiting From Climate Change",
"datePublished": "2013-08-14T00:01:00-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T17:07:57-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "californias-redwoods-may-be-benefiting-from-climate-change",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/7005/californias-redwoods-may-be-benefiting-from-climate-change",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The world’s biggest trees are experiencing a growth spurt. Coast redwoods and giant sequoias have grown faster in the past few decades than they have in a millennium. Scientists think climate change is at play, causing longer growing seasons in the Sierra Nevada, which benefit the sequoias, and less fog on the coast, which means more sun for the redwoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7022\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/redwood.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7022\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/redwood.jpg\" alt=\"Coast redwoods are the tallest trees on Earth; their cousins giant sequoias are the most massive. Both are native to California. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coast redwoods are the tallest trees on Earth; their cousins, the giant sequoias, are the most massive. Both are native to California. (Molly Samuel/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fastest-growing tree the researchers found is putting on 1.6 cubic meters of wood a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the equivalent of this tree making 3.2 million pencils every year for the last decade. Which, over a decade, is enough to give everyone in California a pencil. And that’s one tree,” explained Emily Burns, the director of science at Save the Redwoods League, which leads the \u003ca href=\"http://rcci.savetheredwoods.org/index.shtml\">Redwoods and Climate Change Initiative\u003c/a> (RCCI), a research project that also includes scientists from University of California, Berkeley and Humboldt State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s iconic coast redwoods and giant sequoias live only along the Northern California coast and in the Sierra, respectively. With such a limited range, scientists wondered, how would old-growth forests handle change? Four years into the research, the answer seems to be, they’re loving it, which is hardly what the scientists expected to find. For years, scientists have been warning of the toll that climate change was likely to take on coast redwoods, partly because of reduced fog, which provides them with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think when we hear about climate change, and especially warming, I equate warming with dry. We know that is hard on the trees and other plants,” said Burns. “What we are realizing is that when the redwoods have enough access to water, even if it does warm up, under the current amount of warming, it’s a great condition for redwoods. That’s a wonderful happy surprise for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that makes research so wonderful to do is surprises,” added William Libby, a professor of forestry and genetics at Berkeley and an adviser to the project. “If we just found what we thought we were going to find, that would be pretty dull work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though one might add, climbing to the tops of some of the tallest trees on Earth for work (see video) could hardly be construed as dull, no matter the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject width=\"639\" height=\"359\" classid=\"d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\">\u003cparam name=\"src\" value=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\">\u003cparam name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\">\u003cparam name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\">\u003cparam name=\"flashvars\" value=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS203_measuring_redwood_giants.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.kqed.org%2Fquest%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fposter_frames%2FWS203_measuring_giant_redwoods640.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.kqed.org%2Fquest%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003cembed width=\"639\" height=\"359\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/jw-player-plugin-for-wordpress/player/player.swf\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" flashvars=\"&bandwidth=2841&controlbar=over&dock=false&file=WS203_measuring_redwood_giants.flv&image=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.kqed.org%2Fquest%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fposter_frames%2FWS203_measuring_giant_redwoods640.jpg&gapro.accountid=UA-1538528-1&gapro.height=359&gapro.pluginmode=FLASH&gapro.trackpercentage=true&gapro.trackstarts=true&gapro.tracktime=true&gapro.visible=true&gapro.width=639&gapro.x=0&gapro.y=0&plugins=gapro-1&skin=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.kqed.org%2Fquest%2Fwp-content%2Fplugins%2Fjw-player-plugin-for-wordpress%2Fskins%2Fglow.zip&streamer=rtmp%3A%2F%2Fkqed-flash02.streamguys.us%2Fquest%2F&viral.allowmenu=true&viral.bgcolor=0x333333&viral.fgcolor=0xffffff&viral.functions=embed&viral.matchplayercolors=true&viral.oncomplete=false&viral.pluginmode=FLASH\">\u003c/embed>\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Redwoods and Climate Change Initiative is looking at trees in 16 plots of old-growth forest in California, and has created a coast redwood tree ring record dating back to the year 328 (no, that’s not missing a 1 in front). What can you learn from such an old record? Well, the year 1580 was a rough one for redwoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t grow very much,” said Burns. “And that was a year that Sir Francis Drake reported having ice on his sails as he sailed along the coast of California. So we’re beginning to tease apart what conditions lead to tremendous growing conditions for redwoods and which ones are more detrimental.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7057\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 309px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/redwoodmap.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7057 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/redwoodmap.png\" alt=\"Click to go to a larger, interactive version of the map. (Courtesy Save the Redwoods League)\" width=\"309\" height=\"352\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">RCCI’s research plots. Click to go to a larger, interactive version of the map. (Map: Save the Redwoods League)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to figuring out just how big these trees are and how fast they’re growing, other members of the team are studying how seedlings respond to drought, how the climate where the trees live will continue to change and how redwoods have weathered previous climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re really wondering is, how long can (the growth surge) be sustained?” said \u003ca href=\"http://dawsonlab.synthasite.com/\">Todd Dawson of UC Berkeley\u003c/a>, another member of the RCCI team. He studies how the climate has changed in the past and how the trees responded then. That could help forecast what the future holds for the big trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As climates get warmer and potentially as snowpack declines and precipitation changes, are we going to hit some sort of a tipping point where all of a sudden new growth begins to decline and trees begin to decline?” he wonders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other questions still out there. The trees that are growing like gangbusters are the big ones, but the scientists hope to look at younger forests, too, and at the edges of forests, where these trees come into competition with other species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burns said, the team will continue to monitor the trees for the next ten years to establish a baseline and look for change over time. Though with such long-lived species, Libby said, they should think in longer increments. “One hundred years, minimum,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, what’s a decade to something that hits a growth spurt during its second millennium of life?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/7005/californias-redwoods-may-be-benefiting-from-climate-change",
"authors": [
"200"
],
"categories": [
"science_30",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194"
],
"featImg": "science_7022",
"label": "science"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=news": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 3300,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 3366,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_8702",
"science_8503",
"science_8483",
"science_7757",
"science_8000",
"science_7879",
"science_7765",
"science_7712",
"science_7468",
"science_7343",
"science_7191",
"science_7005"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_news": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_30": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/biology"
},
"science_703": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_703",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "703",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "migration",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "migration Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 710,
"slug": "migration",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/migration"
},
"science_255": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_255",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "255",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "whales",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "whales Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 259,
"slug": "whales",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/whales"
},
"science_46": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_46",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "46",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Audio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 48,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/audio"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_37": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_37",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "37",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Events",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Events Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 39,
"slug": "events",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/events"
},
"science_42": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_42",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "42",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Physics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Physics Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 44,
"slug": "physics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/physics"
},
"science_43": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_43",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "43",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 45,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/radio"
},
"science_64": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_64",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "64",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "full-image",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "full-image Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 67,
"slug": "full-image",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/full-image"
},
"science_672": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_672",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "672",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "physics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "physics Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 678,
"slug": "physics-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/physics-2"
},
"science_187": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_187",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "187",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wind",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wind Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 191,
"slug": "wind",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/wind"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_112": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_112",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "112",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fire Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 116,
"slug": "fire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fire"
},
"science_670": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_670",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "670",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "restoration",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "restoration Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 676,
"slug": "restoration",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/restoration"
},
"science_607": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_607",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "607",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Rim Fire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Rim Fire Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 613,
"slug": "rim-fire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/rim-fire"
},
"science_159": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_159",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "159",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Yosemite",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Yosemite Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 163,
"slug": "yosemite",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/yosemite"
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 186,
"slug": "climate-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-2"
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_205": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_205",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "205",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "conservation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "conservation Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 209,
"slug": "conservation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/conservation"
},
"science_312": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_312",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "312",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "oak",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "oak Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 318,
"slug": "oak",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/oak"
},
"science_448": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_448",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "448",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "parks",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "parks Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 454,
"slug": "parks",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/parks"
},
"science_652": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_652",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "652",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "green building",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "green building Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 658,
"slug": "green-building",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/green-building"
},
"science_36": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_36",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "36",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Food Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 38,
"slug": "food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/food"
},
"science_28": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_28",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "28",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Astronomy",
"description": "Explore the universe with KQED Science! Dive into the latest astronomy news, discover celestial events, and unravel the mysteries of outer space.",
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Explore the universe with KQED Science! Dive into the latest astronomy news, discover celestial events, and unravel the mysteries of outer space.",
"title": "Astronomy Articles | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 30,
"slug": "astronomy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/astronomy"
},
"science_628": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_628",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "628",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "apollo",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "apollo Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 634,
"slug": "apollo",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/apollo"
},
"science_5175": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5175",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5175",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NASA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NASA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5175,
"slug": "nasa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/nasa"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_5181": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5181",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5181",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5181,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/health"
},
"science_616": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_616",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "616",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pregnancy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pregnancy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 622,
"slug": "pregnancy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pregnancy"
},
"science_461": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_461",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "461",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "technology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "technology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 467,
"slug": "technology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/technology"
},
"science_32": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_32",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "32",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Education",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Education Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 34,
"slug": "education",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/education"
},
"science_603": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_603",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "603",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change impacts",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change impacts Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 609,
"slug": "climate-change-impacts",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change-impacts"
},
"science_38": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_38",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "38",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Geology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Geology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 40,
"slug": "geology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/geology"
},
"science_575": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_575",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "575",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "meteorite",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "meteorite Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 581,
"slug": "meteorite",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/meteorite"
},
"science_576": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_576",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "576",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "solar system",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "solar system Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 582,
"slug": "solar-system",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/solar-system"
},
"science_577": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_577",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "577",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "space",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "space Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 583,
"slug": "space",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/space"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 578,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought"
},
"science_463": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_463",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "463",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Shasta Dam",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Shasta Dam Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 469,
"slug": "shasta-dam",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/shasta-dam"
},
"science_110": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_110",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "110",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water supply",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water supply Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 114,
"slug": "water-supply",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/water-supply"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
