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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16848\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16848\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/CITY-OF-CHESTER_SFMNHP.jpg\" alt=\"The SS City of Chester was a passenger steamship heading for Eureka. (San Francisco Maritime National Historic Park)\" width=\"640\" height=\"362\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The SS City of Chester was a passenger steamship heading for Eureka. (San Francisco Maritime National Historic Park)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The SS City of Chester was a passenger ship. It carried people up and down the West Coast at a time before highways were built. On the morning of August 22, 1888, it was heading out of San Francisco Bay up to to Eureka when it was struck by another ship, the RMS Oceanic, which was coming into the bay from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Hearing timber crashing and the mournful cries in the distance.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The lighthouse keeper recalled hearing timber crashing and the mournful cries in the distance,” said Robert Schwemmer of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “And he knew that there had been a marine disaster, but he couldn’t see it because of the fog. And then it went silent.” Then, said Schwemmer, the Oceanic started constantly blasting its fog horn, calling for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirteen passengers and three crew members died when the City of Chester sank. Schwemmer said it was the second-worst accident in the San Francisco Bay, in terms of fatalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16850\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16850\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/CITY-OF-CHESTER-002_NRT6.jpg\" alt=\"Profile view of the SS City of Chester on the floor of the San Francisco Bay, created with multi-beam sonar. (NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries NRT6)\" width=\"640\" height=\"340\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Profile view of the SS City of Chester on the floor of the San Francisco Bay, created with multi-beam sonar. (NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries NRT6)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, scientists have re-discovered the ship. (A team of scientists thought it detected the ship soon after it sank, but that was 126 years ago and not much has happened with it since then.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration found it when doing research on a different shipwreck near the mouth of the bay. They used sonar to create images of the City of Chester, sending down hundreds of beams of sound and getting a picture of the shape of the ship based on how long it took the sound waves to return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16852\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16852\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/CITY-OF-CHESTER-001_NRT6.jpg\" alt=\"View of the bow of the SS City of Chester with sediment piled on top. (NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries NRT6)\" width=\"640\" height=\"338\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View of the bow of the SS City of Chester with sediment piled on top. (NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries NRT6)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like mowing a lawn,” said Laura Pagano. “And as we are sending down the sound, we are essentially painting the sea floor as we cover the shipwreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California coast is littered with shipwrecks, but James Delgado, who directs the maritime heritage program at NOAA, said each one is valuable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we rediscover them, again it allows us to revisit the stories,” he said. For instance, the false accusations that followed the accident, saying that the Chinese crew of the Oceanic hadn’t helped the drowning passengers. In fact, Delgado says, the crew saved most of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no plans to bring the ship back up, but NOAA does intend to build an exhibit about the accident at \u003ca href=\"http://farallones.noaa.gov/about/facilities.html\">Crissy Field in San Francisco\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16855\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16855\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/CITY-OF-CHESTER_Modern-View.jpg\" alt=\"The shipwreck lies on the floor of the Bay near the Golden Gate Bridge. (Robert V. Schwemmer/NOAA-National Marine Sanctuaries)\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The shipwreck lies on the floor of the Bay near the Golden Gate Bridge. (Robert V. Schwemmer/NOAA-National Marine Sanctuaries)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"title": "In California Drought, Desperation May Make Water Flow Uphill",
"headTitle": "In California Drought, Desperation May Make Water Flow Uphill | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16802\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS3913_CA_aqueduct_dosamigos20120712b-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16802\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS3913_CA_aqueduct_dosamigos20120712b-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A 47-mile section of the California Aqueduct could flow backwards during the drought. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 47-mile section of the California Aqueduct could flow backward, starting this summer. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desperate times call for desperate measures, and California’s severe drought is already inspiring a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts in the San Joaquin Valley are proposing a drought tactic that’s never been tried: they want to reverse the state’s plumbing by running the California Aqueduct backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The aqueduct is the main artery of the state’s water system. It stretches more than 400 miles, connecting the northern part of the state, where most of the rain falls, to the southern half of the state, where most of the demand for water resides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was built a half century ago, when California engineered its huge network of reservoirs and canals. The aqueduct was designed to go in one direction – north to south. Until now, that is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a year where I’m doing a lot of things I’ve never seen in my career,” says Jim Beck, general manager of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcwa.com/\">Kern County Water Agency\u003c/a>, which provides water to 13 districts in the southern Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is putting together a plan to run up to 47 miles of the California Aqueduct backward, something unheard of in any other year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It really shows how desperate a situation we’re in.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It really shows how desperate a situation we’re in,” he says. “Our water users are looking for any additional water they can find.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several agricultural water districts, including Lost Hills, Berrenda Mesa, and Belridge Water Storage District, are in a tight spot this year because their sole water supply comes down the aqueduct via the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\">State Water Project\u003c/a>. Given the lack of rain and emaciated Sierra snowpack, state officials have warned that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\">districts will only be getting five percent\u003c/a> of their normal deliveries. And that water won’t flow until September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without water from the State Water Project, they are 100 percent reliant on other sources of water to keep their trees alive and permanent crops, which make the majority of farmland in those areas,” says Beck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reversing the aqueduct would provide water for those northern water districts. The water would have to fight gravity, because the aqueduct runs ever-so-slightly downhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason we can even consider this is the slope of the California aqueduct is so gradual,” Beck explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to twelve diesel pumps, each the size of a large truck engine, would be installed temporarily. All together, they could move almost 8 million gallons of water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our hope is that we’d get them installed at the beginning of summer and really meet a significant need of our growers,” says Beck. The project could be in place by July 1 and would cost up to $10 million dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County is considering the plan because of the large water supply stored in their \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/water-banks-a-hedge-against-shrinking-supplies-in-a-changing-climate/\">groundwater banks\u003c/a>. The banks are essentially underground reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”c1d5c9972969da13e2d72b22fcfed85e”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got groundwater, probably at about 175 feet and going down about a foot a week,” says Harry Starkey, general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wkwd.org/\">West Kern Water District\u003c/a>, walking across a field in southeast Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His district is just one of many that use the groundwater bank. In wet years, they recharge the groundwater basin with extra surface water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just spread it out over the land and it infiltrates at about a half a foot per day, generally,” he says. Then, the water is pumped out in dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a like a bank,” Starkey says. “Everybody has their own little savings account here and they have their name on it. The water is metered going in and coming out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts north of the groundwater bank aren’t close enough to the “ATM,” so to speak. During a normal year, they’re able to use the bank by doing a “water swap.” The water districts let another district use water they’ve stored in the bank. They then take that’s district’s water directly from the California Aqueduct — when there’s water to be had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Department of Water Resources, which runs the aqueduct, has yet to sign off on the “pump-back plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly it will work, but there have to be certain conditions met,” says Carl Torgersen, deputy director for the State Water Project. “Any of the downstream users cannot be injured or harmed by this.” The local air quality board will also review the emissions from the diesel pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torgersen says the project is only one of the unusual ideas being floated this year to cope with the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our director recently sent out a notice to the various state contractors that we certainly are, in fact, open to any ideas that they might have that we can accomplish,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this year’s Sierra snowpack melting quickly, getting creative is more of a necessity than a choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Section of California Aqueduct that could be reversed:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://mapsengine.google.com/11137729332268576461-08112974690991164587-4/widget/in_iframe\" width=\"80%\" height=\"600px\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/146130483&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A 47-mile section of the California Aqueduct, the main artery of the state's water system, could be engineered to flow backward this summer.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16802\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS3913_CA_aqueduct_dosamigos20120712b-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16802\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS3913_CA_aqueduct_dosamigos20120712b-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A 47-mile section of the California Aqueduct could flow backwards during the drought. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 47-mile section of the California Aqueduct could flow backward, starting this summer. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desperate times call for desperate measures, and California’s severe drought is already inspiring a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts in the San Joaquin Valley are proposing a drought tactic that’s never been tried: they want to reverse the state’s plumbing by running the California Aqueduct backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The aqueduct is the main artery of the state’s water system. It stretches more than 400 miles, connecting the northern part of the state, where most of the rain falls, to the southern half of the state, where most of the demand for water resides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was built a half century ago, when California engineered its huge network of reservoirs and canals. The aqueduct was designed to go in one direction – north to south. Until now, that is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a year where I’m doing a lot of things I’ve never seen in my career,” says Jim Beck, general manager of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcwa.com/\">Kern County Water Agency\u003c/a>, which provides water to 13 districts in the southern Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is putting together a plan to run up to 47 miles of the California Aqueduct backward, something unheard of in any other year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It really shows how desperate a situation we’re in.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It really shows how desperate a situation we’re in,” he says. “Our water users are looking for any additional water they can find.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several agricultural water districts, including Lost Hills, Berrenda Mesa, and Belridge Water Storage District, are in a tight spot this year because their sole water supply comes down the aqueduct via the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\">State Water Project\u003c/a>. Given the lack of rain and emaciated Sierra snowpack, state officials have warned that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\">districts will only be getting five percent\u003c/a> of their normal deliveries. And that water won’t flow until September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without water from the State Water Project, they are 100 percent reliant on other sources of water to keep their trees alive and permanent crops, which make the majority of farmland in those areas,” says Beck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reversing the aqueduct would provide water for those northern water districts. The water would have to fight gravity, because the aqueduct runs ever-so-slightly downhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason we can even consider this is the slope of the California aqueduct is so gradual,” Beck explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to twelve diesel pumps, each the size of a large truck engine, would be installed temporarily. All together, they could move almost 8 million gallons of water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our hope is that we’d get them installed at the beginning of summer and really meet a significant need of our growers,” says Beck. The project could be in place by July 1 and would cost up to $10 million dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County is considering the plan because of the large water supply stored in their \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/water-banks-a-hedge-against-shrinking-supplies-in-a-changing-climate/\">groundwater banks\u003c/a>. The banks are essentially underground reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got groundwater, probably at about 175 feet and going down about a foot a week,” says Harry Starkey, general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wkwd.org/\">West Kern Water District\u003c/a>, walking across a field in southeast Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His district is just one of many that use the groundwater bank. In wet years, they recharge the groundwater basin with extra surface water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just spread it out over the land and it infiltrates at about a half a foot per day, generally,” he says. Then, the water is pumped out in dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a like a bank,” Starkey says. “Everybody has their own little savings account here and they have their name on it. The water is metered going in and coming out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts north of the groundwater bank aren’t close enough to the “ATM,” so to speak. During a normal year, they’re able to use the bank by doing a “water swap.” The water districts let another district use water they’ve stored in the bank. They then take that’s district’s water directly from the California Aqueduct — when there’s water to be had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Department of Water Resources, which runs the aqueduct, has yet to sign off on the “pump-back plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly it will work, but there have to be certain conditions met,” says Carl Torgersen, deputy director for the State Water Project. “Any of the downstream users cannot be injured or harmed by this.” The local air quality board will also review the emissions from the diesel pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torgersen says the project is only one of the unusual ideas being floated this year to cope with the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our director recently sent out a notice to the various state contractors that we certainly are, in fact, open to any ideas that they might have that we can accomplish,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this year’s Sierra snowpack melting quickly, getting creative is more of a necessity than a choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Section of California Aqueduct that could be reversed:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://mapsengine.google.com/11137729332268576461-08112974690991164587-4/widget/in_iframe\" width=\"80%\" height=\"600px\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/146130483&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Edging Closer to Regulating Groundwater for the First Time",
"headTitle": "California Edging Closer to Regulating Groundwater for the First Time | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16770\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Irrigation_1764.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16770\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16770\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Irrigation_1764.jpg\" alt=\"An irrigation ditch in the Central Valley. When surface water is scarce, farmers pump more groundwater to make up the difference. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An irrigation ditch in the Central Valley. When surface water is scarce, farmers pump more groundwater to make up the difference. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We hear a great deal about California’s reliance on its “frozen reservoir,” a reference to the (currently anemic) Sierra snowpack. We hear a lot less about the Golden State’s \u003cem>invisible\u003c/em> reservoir, the water that resides in underground aquifers beneath our feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about to change. Today, state Sen. Fran Pavley (D-Agoura Hills) puts a trio of water conservation bills before her Natural Resources and Water Committee, the centerpiece of which (SB 1168) is a frontal assault on the management of California’s groundwater, which, compared to other western states, is almost unregulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought appears to be putting a new level of pressure on the groundwater debate. Cutbacks in state and federal water allocations have unleashed a \u003ca title=\"Bakersfield Californian - post\" href=\"http://www.bakersfieldnow.com/news/business/California-drought-spawns-well-drilling-boom-255206371.html\">drilling frenzy\u003c/a> for water wells, and parts of the San Joaquin Valley are actually \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_25447586/california-drought-san-joaquin-valley-sinking-farmers-race\">sinking from groundwater depletion\u003c/a> below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The single most critical element in achieving [water] sustainability in California is groundwater,” Lester Snow told members of the \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - main\" href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a> at a hearing last week. Snow would know. For years he was the state’s chief water manager and now heads the relatively new \u003ca title=\"CWF - main\" href=\"http://www.californiawaterfoundation.org/\">California Water Foundation\u003c/a>, a non-profit devoted, as he describes it, to “achieving sustainable water management” in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16760\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquiferaside.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquiferaside.jpg\" alt=\"aquiferaside\" width=\"290\" height=\"222\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">So what, exactly, is an aquifer? Click image to see full infographic.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a good year, which is to say “wet,” Snow says that groundwater provides about 40 percent of the state’s water supply. In dry years, like this one, we lean on aquifers for 60 percent of our water (up from 40 percent as recently as 2 to 3 years ago).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Effectively managed, it is the single biggest mechanism that gives us the flexibility to deal with the vagaries of our water system in California,” said Snow. “And if we can not get our hands around that, we will not have a sustainable water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some, especially in farm country, are more than a little spooked by what getting our hands around it might entail. If you want to see farmers and ranchers turn ornery, make like you’re a state bureaucrat going after their water — or their right to pump as much as they need out of the ground. So as the battle lines begin to form, here are some key points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Intervention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the only western state that doesn’t exercise some degree of control over its groundwater. But how much control is too much? Matt Conant, a walnut grower in Sutter County, articulated the greatest fear of many in the ag community: “I’m afraid that the state will come in and try to over-regulate groundwater and surface water,” he told me outside a recent hearing of the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But David Orth, who sits on the groundwater task force at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a>, says leaving it entirely in local hands may not be enough, especially when local and regional agencies are falling down on the job. “In those instances, we believe the state board should step in,” says Orth. “It creates, frankly, some bit of incentive for the locals to get together and get it right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a fairly bold statement, coming from an organization that has, in the past, taken a firm stand against groundwater regulation. But Orth says times are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A year ago it was, ‘This is mine and I don’t want anybody to mess with my personal property right,'” he says. “Today, I think more and more people are recognizing that we have a choice; we can either let this continue to be managed in a somewhat insufficient way in some regions and see significant economic loss, or we can more effectively manage it and do so in coordination with the state, so we can protect that groundwater resource for decades to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in April, ACWA \u003ca title=\"ACWA - policy paper\" href=\"http://www.acwa.com/content/groundwater/acwa-recommendations-achieving-groundwater-sustainability\">proposed one of the most comprehensive blueprints\u003c/a> yet for protecting the state’s aquifers. Pavley’s bill is likely to draw on that. The harmonic convergence only extends so far, however. As Jim Beck at the Kern County Water Agency told KQED’s Lauren Sommer, “California is not a one-size-fits-all when it comes to any regulation. And we believe groundwater is certainly one of those areas of resource management were local folks really understand what’s best for their area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transparency\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a growing chorus insisting that whatever else happens, we need better data, to know what’s going on with our aquifers. Presently there is no coordinated tracking of aquifer health or the volume of water being pumped. Drillers file well completion reports, which can only be accessed by public agencies “conducting studies,” according to state law. But there is precious little information available on how much water those wells are producing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conant told me that farmers know from their wells, what’s going on underground. But no one else really does, though scientists have been trying to piece together the big picture with a combination of monitoring wells and satellites that measure ground density. And once the data is gathered for what individual landowners are pumping, who should have access to it? Should it remain on confidential file with public agencies or be available to anyone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pricing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s perhaps the thorniest question of all: whether farmers should pay for water that resides naturally under their own property. They’re already paying for the energy required to pump it to the surface. But now the water wonks are freely tossing around terms like “tiered pricing” and “groundwater management fees.” These are theoretical administrative charges to property owners, possibly based on how much groundwater they pump. [contextly_sidebar id=”841ad067163b293b3c4fb002ef0c62ee”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the regulators can’t make this happen themselves. These ideas will have to coalesce into a groundwater bill that lawmakers can make stick. The current version of the Pavley bill contains a definition of “sustainability” but leaves it up to local districts to determine the volume of groundwater pumping that is sustainable in each are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the lingering uncertainties, even some water policy insiders have expressed surprise at what Jonas Minton of the Planning and Conservation League calls, the “unprecedented consensus” on a possible approach to groundwater management. At that state hearing last week, he pronounced, “This is the year to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Power players in California water policy seem to agree for once: It's time to get serious about groundwater.",
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"description": "Power players in California water policy seem to agree for once: It's time to get serious about groundwater.",
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"headline": "California Edging Closer to Regulating Groundwater for the First Time",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16770\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Irrigation_1764.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16770\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16770\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Irrigation_1764.jpg\" alt=\"An irrigation ditch in the Central Valley. When surface water is scarce, farmers pump more groundwater to make up the difference. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An irrigation ditch in the Central Valley. When surface water is scarce, farmers pump more groundwater to make up the difference. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We hear a great deal about California’s reliance on its “frozen reservoir,” a reference to the (currently anemic) Sierra snowpack. We hear a lot less about the Golden State’s \u003cem>invisible\u003c/em> reservoir, the water that resides in underground aquifers beneath our feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about to change. Today, state Sen. Fran Pavley (D-Agoura Hills) puts a trio of water conservation bills before her Natural Resources and Water Committee, the centerpiece of which (SB 1168) is a frontal assault on the management of California’s groundwater, which, compared to other western states, is almost unregulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought appears to be putting a new level of pressure on the groundwater debate. Cutbacks in state and federal water allocations have unleashed a \u003ca title=\"Bakersfield Californian - post\" href=\"http://www.bakersfieldnow.com/news/business/California-drought-spawns-well-drilling-boom-255206371.html\">drilling frenzy\u003c/a> for water wells, and parts of the San Joaquin Valley are actually \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_25447586/california-drought-san-joaquin-valley-sinking-farmers-race\">sinking from groundwater depletion\u003c/a> below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The single most critical element in achieving [water] sustainability in California is groundwater,” Lester Snow told members of the \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - main\" href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a> at a hearing last week. Snow would know. For years he was the state’s chief water manager and now heads the relatively new \u003ca title=\"CWF - main\" href=\"http://www.californiawaterfoundation.org/\">California Water Foundation\u003c/a>, a non-profit devoted, as he describes it, to “achieving sustainable water management” in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16760\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquiferaside.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquiferaside.jpg\" alt=\"aquiferaside\" width=\"290\" height=\"222\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">So what, exactly, is an aquifer? Click image to see full infographic.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a good year, which is to say “wet,” Snow says that groundwater provides about 40 percent of the state’s water supply. In dry years, like this one, we lean on aquifers for 60 percent of our water (up from 40 percent as recently as 2 to 3 years ago).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Effectively managed, it is the single biggest mechanism that gives us the flexibility to deal with the vagaries of our water system in California,” said Snow. “And if we can not get our hands around that, we will not have a sustainable water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some, especially in farm country, are more than a little spooked by what getting our hands around it might entail. If you want to see farmers and ranchers turn ornery, make like you’re a state bureaucrat going after their water — or their right to pump as much as they need out of the ground. So as the battle lines begin to form, here are some key points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Intervention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the only western state that doesn’t exercise some degree of control over its groundwater. But how much control is too much? Matt Conant, a walnut grower in Sutter County, articulated the greatest fear of many in the ag community: “I’m afraid that the state will come in and try to over-regulate groundwater and surface water,” he told me outside a recent hearing of the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But David Orth, who sits on the groundwater task force at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a>, says leaving it entirely in local hands may not be enough, especially when local and regional agencies are falling down on the job. “In those instances, we believe the state board should step in,” says Orth. “It creates, frankly, some bit of incentive for the locals to get together and get it right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a fairly bold statement, coming from an organization that has, in the past, taken a firm stand against groundwater regulation. But Orth says times are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A year ago it was, ‘This is mine and I don’t want anybody to mess with my personal property right,'” he says. “Today, I think more and more people are recognizing that we have a choice; we can either let this continue to be managed in a somewhat insufficient way in some regions and see significant economic loss, or we can more effectively manage it and do so in coordination with the state, so we can protect that groundwater resource for decades to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in April, ACWA \u003ca title=\"ACWA - policy paper\" href=\"http://www.acwa.com/content/groundwater/acwa-recommendations-achieving-groundwater-sustainability\">proposed one of the most comprehensive blueprints\u003c/a> yet for protecting the state’s aquifers. Pavley’s bill is likely to draw on that. The harmonic convergence only extends so far, however. As Jim Beck at the Kern County Water Agency told KQED’s Lauren Sommer, “California is not a one-size-fits-all when it comes to any regulation. And we believe groundwater is certainly one of those areas of resource management were local folks really understand what’s best for their area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transparency\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a growing chorus insisting that whatever else happens, we need better data, to know what’s going on with our aquifers. Presently there is no coordinated tracking of aquifer health or the volume of water being pumped. Drillers file well completion reports, which can only be accessed by public agencies “conducting studies,” according to state law. But there is precious little information available on how much water those wells are producing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conant told me that farmers know from their wells, what’s going on underground. But no one else really does, though scientists have been trying to piece together the big picture with a combination of monitoring wells and satellites that measure ground density. And once the data is gathered for what individual landowners are pumping, who should have access to it? Should it remain on confidential file with public agencies or be available to anyone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pricing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s perhaps the thorniest question of all: whether farmers should pay for water that resides naturally under their own property. They’re already paying for the energy required to pump it to the surface. But now the water wonks are freely tossing around terms like “tiered pricing” and “groundwater management fees.” These are theoretical administrative charges to property owners, possibly based on how much groundwater they pump. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the regulators can’t make this happen themselves. These ideas will have to coalesce into a groundwater bill that lawmakers can make stick. The current version of the Pavley bill contains a definition of “sustainability” but leaves it up to local districts to determine the volume of groundwater pumping that is sustainable in each are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the lingering uncertainties, even some water policy insiders have expressed surprise at what Jonas Minton of the Planning and Conservation League calls, the “unprecedented consensus” on a possible approach to groundwater management. At that state hearing last week, he pronounced, “This is the year to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Drones: The Newest Water-Saving Tool for Parched Farms",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/04/20140421science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16722\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/agdroneday.jpg\" alt=\"John Faus of HoneyComb demonstrating an agricultural drone. (Photo courtesy Zach Sheely)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Faus of HoneyComb demonstrates an agricultural drone in a pistachio orchard. (Photo courtesy Zach Sheely)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farmers represent a growing share of the market for drones. The \u003ca title=\"Home - Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International\" href=\"http://www.auvsi.org\">Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International\u003c/a>, a trade group that represents drone producers, predicts farms will eventually account for 80 percent of the commercial drone market. And in California, some farmers are looking at the technology as a way to save water during the drought. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we last \u003ca title=\"Farmers in a World with Less Water: The California Report | The California Report\" href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R906080850/a\">checked in with him\u003c/a> five years ago, then 27-year-old Zach Sheely was already on the cutting edge of water conservation, using his iPhone to check how much water his tomatoes were getting. (Our \u003ca title=\"Keeping Track of Every Drop on the Farm\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/slideshow/watersavingfarm/index.html\">audio slideshow\u003c/a> from that story shows Sheely engaged in his two passions—farming and singing opera.) Sheely and his dad, Ted, were \u003ca href=\"http://www.netafimusa.com/files/literature/agriculture/other-literature/crop-applications/Farm-Press-Article.pdf\">among the first to convert\u003c/a> to remote-controlled drip irrigation on their sprawling Kings County farm. Now they’re taking one more step into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We don’t have enough water, and having a coyote chew a line in two, now that line of trees is getting half the water.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>They recently gathered some of their neighbors to watch a demo of a drone that can collect video and thermal images of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got a tablet which is going to help figure out the mission, and is connected to a ground control station,” Zach Sheely explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listening to farmers programming a drone is sort of like eavesdropping on NASA’s Mission Control. But the mission here has to do with coyotes gnawing the two rows of drip irrigation lines that feed pistachio trees. The Sheelys grow more than a thousand acres of pistachios in this remote corner of Kings County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have enough water, and having a coyote chew a line in two, now that line of trees is getting half the water,” Ted says. “We’ve got to be precise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While coyotes are the main culprits, two-legged interlopers can be just as much of a headache, Zach adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Humans are a problem,” he says. “They’ll come out and hunt doves or something in our orchard, and the shotgun BBs will put little holes in all the lines. We do have no trespassing signs, but those are just signs, I think, to most people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sheelys are hoping a thermal camera mounted in the drone will pick up leaks in the orchard, so they can fix them faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TxDgS9w9I_Q\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve invited several drone companies to the farm to demo their crafts, including a company called \u003ca title=\"Home\" href=\"http://www.honeycombcorp.com/\">HoneyComb. \u003c/a>That company is the brainchild of a group of 20- and 30-somethings like John Faus, who grew up farming in Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We designed this for farming,” Faus says. “That’s why it’s called HoneyComb. This is your worker bee out over your fields scanning your crops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We want it to be the tractor of the sky.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But demo day turns out to be \u003cem>really\u003c/em> windy. And the little plane careens wildly above the orchard before a rocky landing on a dirt road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sorry you got a little ding in your wing there!” Ted Sheely exclaims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing a little gorilla glue can’t fix,” Faus says. “Our motto is we want it to be the tractor of the sky. We want it to be reliable and rugged.” He says his company can’t keep up with orders for farm drones fast enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zach Sheely says he’s sold on the drone, which will set him back about $15,000. He says that’s far less than what the lost water from leaks might cost him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A drone can cover a thousand acres in an hour-long flight. Zach says it would take a farmworker more than a week to drive up and down the same orchards in an all-terrain vehicle, looking for chewed irrigation lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘For agricultural purposes, they’re going to be a real powerful tool.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“So if I can eliminate that job,” he says, “or use that person more wisely than just drive up and back mindlessly looking for leaks, it’s going to benefit my business, and he’s probably going to like his job a little bit better, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irrigation experts say California farmers looking to save water will be early adopters of drone technology, and not just to check for leaks. Drones can help determine when plants are water-stressed or when they’re getting too much water, by using thermal cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For agricultural purposes, they’re going to be a real powerful tool” says David Zoldoske, who heads the \u003ca title=\"Welcome to CIT.\" href=\"https://www.fresnostate.edu/jcast/cit/\">Center for Irrigation Technology at Fresno State \u003c/a>, and co-authored a recent \u003ca title=\"CCST Delivers Roadmap to a Sustainable Water Future for California\" href=\"https://www.ccst.us/news/2014/0409water.php\">state report \u003c/a>on water-saving technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drones will help farmers “to get more information, in real time, to make better decisions,” about everything on the farm, adds Zoldoske. “We joke about being able to take pictures of individual bugs sitting on the plants. With the right algorithm you could count all the bugs on the plants if things work out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now that’s still a big if. It’s still unclear how much leeway farmers will have to fly drones. At this point, the FAA does not allow their commercial use. Farm groups have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/files/2014/04/Joint-Letter-to-FAA-on-Expediting-UAS-rulemaking-Final.pdf\">weighing in heavily \u003c/a>to change that. Later this year, the agency \u003ca title=\"Realtors and soybean farmers agree: Drone rules are overdue\" href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-switch/wp/2014/04/08/realtors-and-soybean-farmers-agree-drone-rules-are-overdue/\">may propose rules\u003c/a> to cover the small drones farmers are starting to buy.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16722\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/agdroneday.jpg\" alt=\"John Faus of HoneyComb demonstrating an agricultural drone. (Photo courtesy Zach Sheely)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Faus of HoneyComb demonstrates an agricultural drone in a pistachio orchard. (Photo courtesy Zach Sheely)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farmers represent a growing share of the market for drones. The \u003ca title=\"Home - Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International\" href=\"http://www.auvsi.org\">Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International\u003c/a>, a trade group that represents drone producers, predicts farms will eventually account for 80 percent of the commercial drone market. And in California, some farmers are looking at the technology as a way to save water during the drought. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we last \u003ca title=\"Farmers in a World with Less Water: The California Report | The California Report\" href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R906080850/a\">checked in with him\u003c/a> five years ago, then 27-year-old Zach Sheely was already on the cutting edge of water conservation, using his iPhone to check how much water his tomatoes were getting. (Our \u003ca title=\"Keeping Track of Every Drop on the Farm\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/assets/slideshow/watersavingfarm/index.html\">audio slideshow\u003c/a> from that story shows Sheely engaged in his two passions—farming and singing opera.) Sheely and his dad, Ted, were \u003ca href=\"http://www.netafimusa.com/files/literature/agriculture/other-literature/crop-applications/Farm-Press-Article.pdf\">among the first to convert\u003c/a> to remote-controlled drip irrigation on their sprawling Kings County farm. Now they’re taking one more step into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We don’t have enough water, and having a coyote chew a line in two, now that line of trees is getting half the water.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>They recently gathered some of their neighbors to watch a demo of a drone that can collect video and thermal images of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got a tablet which is going to help figure out the mission, and is connected to a ground control station,” Zach Sheely explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listening to farmers programming a drone is sort of like eavesdropping on NASA’s Mission Control. But the mission here has to do with coyotes gnawing the two rows of drip irrigation lines that feed pistachio trees. The Sheelys grow more than a thousand acres of pistachios in this remote corner of Kings County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16659\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Kepler-planet-e1397780501958.png\" alt=\"The artistic concept of Kepler-186f is the result of scientists and artists collaborating to imagine the appearance of these distant worlds.\" width=\"639\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The artistic concept of Kepler-186f is the result of scientists and artists collaborating to imagine the appearance of these distant worlds. (NASA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area scientists are among the NASA planet hunters who announced today they’ve found a planet more like Earth than any planet found before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA launched the Kepler telescope in 2009, and are now pouring over the data from the mission. Kepler has detected hundreds of planets orbiting around distant stars, but the planet identified today as Kepler 186F is close to Earth in size, and orbits its star at a distance that’s known as the habitable zone, or “Goldilocks zone.” That is, temperatures on the planet could be not too hot, and not too cold, but could be just right for life, that is, life as we here on Earth know it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the first validated Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone of another \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 13px\">star,” says \u003c/span>Elisa Quintana, a Kepler Mission Research Scientist based at the SETI institute in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler-186f circles a red dwarf star 500 light-years from Earth. The planet is about ten percent bigger than Earth and may have liquid water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more details about the discovery of Kepler 186F, check out \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/04/17/303806575/scientists-spot-a-planet-that-looks-like-earths-cousin\">this story\u003c/a> from NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "California Trails Texas in Wind Power, Says New Report",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16593\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/1825scr_c09a7077bf407dd-e1397606745612.jpg\" alt=\"Wind turbines in Solano County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"639\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wind turbines in Solano County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The commercial wind industry was born in California, and the state has one of the strongest renewable energy incentive programs in the country. Still, when it comes to wind, Texas has us beat by a long shot, according to \u003ca href=\"http://awea.files.cms-plus.com/images/figure15AMR13.png\">a new report\u003c/a> from the Washington, D.C.-based American Wind Energy Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California generates 5,829 megawatts of wind energy, compared with 12,354 megawatts in the Lone Star State. Iowa is a close third at 5,177 megawatts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one explanation is simple: Texas is a bigger and windier place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was first out of the gate to promote wind, so we got a reputation for being the biggest and best wind state,” says Nancy Rader, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwea.org/about.html\">California Wind Energy Association\u003c/a>. “But our resources pale in comparison to Texas and other states in that Great Plains region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California has pursued both wind and solar energy, Texas has focused on wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently gets seven percent of its electricity from wind, through turbines in Altamont Pass and the Tehachapis, among other places. But our remaining windy spots are harder to access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Transmission is a key enabler of wind,” says Ryan Wiser, a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. “We need to expand our transmission system to be able to access the higher quality wind resource sites.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s wind industry has gotten a big boost from one of the most aggressive renewable energy policies in the country. Wind energy in the state has tripled since 2002, when the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/energy/Renewables/\">set a goal\u003c/a> to get a third of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that goal, says Wiser, has “largely been met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind is still more expensive than non-renewable energy, says Wiser, so bringing more wind power online will require new government incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s renewable energy goals “will need to be re-upped in order to stimulate additional demand for not only wind, but other renewable resources as well,” says Wiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rader says another hurdle has been convincing federal managers to open up land to wind development, particularly in the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bureau of Land Management is going to have to make itself a little more friendly to wind energy development,” says Rader. “Almost all of the developments are on private land, and frankly, those resources are tapped out now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Read the report \u003ca href=\"http://www.awea.org/AnnualMarketReport.aspx?ItemNumber=6308&RDtoken=61755&userID=\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And our own award-winning series on California’s renewable power goals is \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/33by20/index.jsp\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Despite some of the strongest renewable energy incentives in the country, California produces less than half the wind energy generated in the Lone Star State. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16593\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/1825scr_c09a7077bf407dd-e1397606745612.jpg\" alt=\"Wind turbines in Solano County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"639\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wind turbines in Solano County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The commercial wind industry was born in California, and the state has one of the strongest renewable energy incentive programs in the country. Still, when it comes to wind, Texas has us beat by a long shot, according to \u003ca href=\"http://awea.files.cms-plus.com/images/figure15AMR13.png\">a new report\u003c/a> from the Washington, D.C.-based American Wind Energy Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California generates 5,829 megawatts of wind energy, compared with 12,354 megawatts in the Lone Star State. Iowa is a close third at 5,177 megawatts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one explanation is simple: Texas is a bigger and windier place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was first out of the gate to promote wind, so we got a reputation for being the biggest and best wind state,” says Nancy Rader, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwea.org/about.html\">California Wind Energy Association\u003c/a>. “But our resources pale in comparison to Texas and other states in that Great Plains region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California has pursued both wind and solar energy, Texas has focused on wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently gets seven percent of its electricity from wind, through turbines in Altamont Pass and the Tehachapis, among other places. But our remaining windy spots are harder to access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Transmission is a key enabler of wind,” says Ryan Wiser, a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. “We need to expand our transmission system to be able to access the higher quality wind resource sites.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s wind industry has gotten a big boost from one of the most aggressive renewable energy policies in the country. Wind energy in the state has tripled since 2002, when the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/energy/Renewables/\">set a goal\u003c/a> to get a third of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that goal, says Wiser, has “largely been met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind is still more expensive than non-renewable energy, says Wiser, so bringing more wind power online will require new government incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s renewable energy goals “will need to be re-upped in order to stimulate additional demand for not only wind, but other renewable resources as well,” says Wiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rader says another hurdle has been convincing federal managers to open up land to wind development, particularly in the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bureau of Land Management is going to have to make itself a little more friendly to wind energy development,” says Rader. “Almost all of the developments are on private land, and frankly, those resources are tapped out now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Read the report \u003ca href=\"http://www.awea.org/AnnualMarketReport.aspx?ItemNumber=6308&RDtoken=61755&userID=\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And our own award-winning series on California’s renewable power goals is \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/33by20/index.jsp\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Health Trackers May Be the Rage, But How Useful Are They?",
"headTitle": "Health Trackers May Be the Rage, But How Useful Are They? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Christina Farr\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16542\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/07_wearing_necklace.jpg\" alt=\"The Shine wearable. (Misfit Wearables)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Shine is an activity monitor, sleep tracker and watch. (Misfit Wearables)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For months, technology entrepreneur Will Imholte was hell-bent on finding the best personal activity tracker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than browsing reviews, he decided to test the \u003ca href=\"https://jawbone.com/up\">Jawbone UP\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/\">Fitbit Flex\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nike.com/us/en_us/c/nikeplus-fuelband\">Nike FuelBand SE\u003c/a> and a litany of others to track his calorie count and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all these devices failed to sustain his interest for more than a week. Despite his best efforts, Imholte gave up on the burgeoning wearable trend. He found that a smartphone and a time-keeping Swiss watch were more than sufficient for his purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Trust me, I wanted to like wearables, but I stopped using them after a few months.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m a nerd that can’t get enough of the latest gadgets,” said Imholte, the founder of Prime, a startup that helps patients access their personal medical records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trust me, I wanted to like wearables, but I stopped using them after a few months,” he said. “I’m not training for a marathon or anything, so I didn’t really see much need for them in my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearables are currently the darling of Silicon Valley and the majority of them, right now, are health devices, or have some wellness application. The new consumer electronics tools are allowing people to become their own researchers, trainers and medical advisers by monitoring such things as sleep, activity, heart rate and stress levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no one has quite nailed the technology just yet. Amid all the hype, it’s easy to forget that this technology is still in its infancy. For now, most of the devices on the market are glorified pedometers with a high price tag and short battery life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current slew of wrist bands, like the $99.95 Fitbit Flex or $299 \u003ca href=\"http://www.samsung.com/global/microsite/galaxynote3-gear/\">Samsung Galaxy Gear\u003c/a> smartwatch, are the first generation, with more sophisticated models still under development. Most devices today are adept at collecting data, but they fail to provide consumers with valuable health-related insights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Imholte, the data piqued his interest — he said it was intriguing to learn that he walked 1,000 steps on Monday — but only temporarily. Ultimately, he was disheartened by the lack of practical advice about how he could improve his health and fitness, without significantly altering his lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skyrocketing Expectations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all their limitations, technology investors have gone gaga for wearable devices. Investors poured $570 million into the space in 2013 alone, according to research firm CB Insights. On Kickstarter, a team asked for $100,000 to build a new smartwatch called \u003ca href=\"https://getpebble.com/\">Pebble\u003c/a>, and were stunned when backers invested over $10.2 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearable devices are nothing new. For years, athletes have used basic activity trackers to help them train for competitions. But, unlike today, those devices did not connect with your smartphone and thousands of health-related apps. The current wearables craze was fueled, in part, by members of the “\u003ca href=\"http://quantifiedself.com/\">Quantified Self\u003c/a>” movement, who strive for self-understanding by collecting data about themselves. In cities across the U.S., some 30,000 quantified selfers regularly meet up to trade tips and tricks about the latest health-tracking tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, wearables will no longer be the domain of athletes, fitness junkies and early adopters. Market research firm Canalys predicts that in 2014 companies will ship some 17 million wearable bands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having a computer on your wrist will become increasingly common,” said Canalys analyst Daniel Matte, in a statement.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nMeet the Woman With 27 Fitness Trackers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16557\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 266px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16557 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/wearablesdevcon-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Rachel Kalmar models her activity trackers at the DevCon Wearables Conference. (Credit: DevCon Wearables Conference)\" width=\"266\" height=\"354\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel Kalmar models her activity trackers at the DevCon Wearables Conference. (Credit: DevCon Wearables Conference)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To prepare for a stroll in San Francisco, Rachel Kalmar straps over two-dozen gadgets to her wrist and forearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first met Kalmar, she was wearing 22 clip-on activity trackers, including the Pebble, Fitbit Flex, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bodymedia.com/\">Bodymedia\u003c/a> and (my personal favorite) an antique pedometer from 1877. Now she has 27 trackers for both Android and iOS monitoring her every waking move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar isn’t a member of the cult of the quantified self, obsessed with tracking her bodily metrics. For Kalmar, it’s all in pursuit of research. For her day job, she’s a data scientist at\u003ca href=\"http://www.misfitwearables.com/\"> Misfit Wearable\u003c/a>s, maker of the Shine, futuristic jewelry that is popular with young women. The Shine acts as an activity monitor, sleep tracker and watch all in one. It can be worn as a necklace or on a clasp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar’s been wearing them every day for months, but she hasn’t derived ample benefit from these trackers — and doesn’t expect that you will either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it would be a week-long project, but then it started getting more and more complicated,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Kalmar, Misfit chief executive Sonny Vu is one of the most vocal critiques of the wearables trend. He frequently speaks at conferences and describes these devices as “not that wearable — yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key challenge Kalmar’s unearthed is that the devices don’t speak to each other. When it comes to the human body, data about your steps, heart rate, sleep cycle and glucose levels don’t mean much in isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘I think of wearables today like the first cell phone cameras, which sucked.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“What we want is our devices to interact with other devices,” said Kalmer. “Interoperability is key.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s not an easy prospect for the still-nascent wearables trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, Christ, we can’t even all agree on how to treat time zones in our data and databases,” Kalmar quipped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Next for Wearables?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar hasn’t given up on wearables altogether — far from it. For now, she hopes that the Shine and other devices will inspire people to be more active. And she expects that the field will figure out how to make them more useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think of wearables today like the first cell phone cameras, which sucked,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview from Misfit’s Vietnam offices, Kalmar offered several predictions for the future of wearables: The devices will eventually allow us to interact with other objects in our lives. (Imagine turning off your thermostat or unlocking your front door with a few taps of a smart watch.) Wearables will also increasingly be used to monitor patients with chronic health conditions. And they won’t be mostly bands; health-related smart glasses, sports bras and shoes are among the next generation of wearable sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Mobile technology has seen its day. Wearables might be what’s next.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Another key to longevity, for wearable computers, will be to keep the attention of Silicon Valley’s technology behemoths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has just released its futuristic eyeglasses called “Glass” to the public after a trial with developers, and Apple is rumored to be secretly developing a smartwatch, the “iWatch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited about what Apple is going to do next,” said Tommy Leep, an investor at San Francisco’s Rothenberg Ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many of his counterparts, he has not invested in a wearable. But he is keeping a close eye on the space, as he believes that wearable tech is one of less than a handful of emerging platforms that have the potential to be the next big thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wearables in and of themselves aren’t hugely exciting right now,” he said. Leep said he hasn’t personally seen many gadgets that are a significant step beyond the iPhone, the smart computer already in millions of pockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That said, many of us believe that mobile technology has seen its day. Wearables might be what’s next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Christina Farr is a San Francisco journalist covering health technology. She previously wrote for \u003c/em>Venture Beat, The Bay Citizen\u003cem> and \u003c/em>SFGate\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Christina Farr\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16542\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/07_wearing_necklace.jpg\" alt=\"The Shine wearable. (Misfit Wearables)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Shine is an activity monitor, sleep tracker and watch. (Misfit Wearables)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For months, technology entrepreneur Will Imholte was hell-bent on finding the best personal activity tracker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than browsing reviews, he decided to test the \u003ca href=\"https://jawbone.com/up\">Jawbone UP\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/\">Fitbit Flex\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nike.com/us/en_us/c/nikeplus-fuelband\">Nike FuelBand SE\u003c/a> and a litany of others to track his calorie count and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all these devices failed to sustain his interest for more than a week. Despite his best efforts, Imholte gave up on the burgeoning wearable trend. He found that a smartphone and a time-keeping Swiss watch were more than sufficient for his purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Trust me, I wanted to like wearables, but I stopped using them after a few months.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m a nerd that can’t get enough of the latest gadgets,” said Imholte, the founder of Prime, a startup that helps patients access their personal medical records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trust me, I wanted to like wearables, but I stopped using them after a few months,” he said. “I’m not training for a marathon or anything, so I didn’t really see much need for them in my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearables are currently the darling of Silicon Valley and the majority of them, right now, are health devices, or have some wellness application. The new consumer electronics tools are allowing people to become their own researchers, trainers and medical advisers by monitoring such things as sleep, activity, heart rate and stress levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no one has quite nailed the technology just yet. Amid all the hype, it’s easy to forget that this technology is still in its infancy. For now, most of the devices on the market are glorified pedometers with a high price tag and short battery life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current slew of wrist bands, like the $99.95 Fitbit Flex or $299 \u003ca href=\"http://www.samsung.com/global/microsite/galaxynote3-gear/\">Samsung Galaxy Gear\u003c/a> smartwatch, are the first generation, with more sophisticated models still under development. Most devices today are adept at collecting data, but they fail to provide consumers with valuable health-related insights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Imholte, the data piqued his interest — he said it was intriguing to learn that he walked 1,000 steps on Monday — but only temporarily. Ultimately, he was disheartened by the lack of practical advice about how he could improve his health and fitness, without significantly altering his lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skyrocketing Expectations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all their limitations, technology investors have gone gaga for wearable devices. Investors poured $570 million into the space in 2013 alone, according to research firm CB Insights. On Kickstarter, a team asked for $100,000 to build a new smartwatch called \u003ca href=\"https://getpebble.com/\">Pebble\u003c/a>, and were stunned when backers invested over $10.2 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearable devices are nothing new. For years, athletes have used basic activity trackers to help them train for competitions. But, unlike today, those devices did not connect with your smartphone and thousands of health-related apps. The current wearables craze was fueled, in part, by members of the “\u003ca href=\"http://quantifiedself.com/\">Quantified Self\u003c/a>” movement, who strive for self-understanding by collecting data about themselves. In cities across the U.S., some 30,000 quantified selfers regularly meet up to trade tips and tricks about the latest health-tracking tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, wearables will no longer be the domain of athletes, fitness junkies and early adopters. Market research firm Canalys predicts that in 2014 companies will ship some 17 million wearable bands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having a computer on your wrist will become increasingly common,” said Canalys analyst Daniel Matte, in a statement.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nMeet the Woman With 27 Fitness Trackers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16557\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 266px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16557 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/wearablesdevcon-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Rachel Kalmar models her activity trackers at the DevCon Wearables Conference. (Credit: DevCon Wearables Conference)\" width=\"266\" height=\"354\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel Kalmar models her activity trackers at the DevCon Wearables Conference. (Credit: DevCon Wearables Conference)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To prepare for a stroll in San Francisco, Rachel Kalmar straps over two-dozen gadgets to her wrist and forearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first met Kalmar, she was wearing 22 clip-on activity trackers, including the Pebble, Fitbit Flex, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bodymedia.com/\">Bodymedia\u003c/a> and (my personal favorite) an antique pedometer from 1877. Now she has 27 trackers for both Android and iOS monitoring her every waking move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar isn’t a member of the cult of the quantified self, obsessed with tracking her bodily metrics. For Kalmar, it’s all in pursuit of research. For her day job, she’s a data scientist at\u003ca href=\"http://www.misfitwearables.com/\"> Misfit Wearable\u003c/a>s, maker of the Shine, futuristic jewelry that is popular with young women. The Shine acts as an activity monitor, sleep tracker and watch all in one. It can be worn as a necklace or on a clasp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar’s been wearing them every day for months, but she hasn’t derived ample benefit from these trackers — and doesn’t expect that you will either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it would be a week-long project, but then it started getting more and more complicated,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Kalmar, Misfit chief executive Sonny Vu is one of the most vocal critiques of the wearables trend. He frequently speaks at conferences and describes these devices as “not that wearable — yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key challenge Kalmar’s unearthed is that the devices don’t speak to each other. When it comes to the human body, data about your steps, heart rate, sleep cycle and glucose levels don’t mean much in isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘I think of wearables today like the first cell phone cameras, which sucked.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“What we want is our devices to interact with other devices,” said Kalmer. “Interoperability is key.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s not an easy prospect for the still-nascent wearables trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, Christ, we can’t even all agree on how to treat time zones in our data and databases,” Kalmar quipped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Next for Wearables?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar hasn’t given up on wearables altogether — far from it. For now, she hopes that the Shine and other devices will inspire people to be more active. And she expects that the field will figure out how to make them more useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think of wearables today like the first cell phone cameras, which sucked,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview from Misfit’s Vietnam offices, Kalmar offered several predictions for the future of wearables: The devices will eventually allow us to interact with other objects in our lives. (Imagine turning off your thermostat or unlocking your front door with a few taps of a smart watch.) Wearables will also increasingly be used to monitor patients with chronic health conditions. And they won’t be mostly bands; health-related smart glasses, sports bras and shoes are among the next generation of wearable sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Mobile technology has seen its day. Wearables might be what’s next.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Another key to longevity, for wearable computers, will be to keep the attention of Silicon Valley’s technology behemoths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has just released its futuristic eyeglasses called “Glass” to the public after a trial with developers, and Apple is rumored to be secretly developing a smartwatch, the “iWatch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited about what Apple is going to do next,” said Tommy Leep, an investor at San Francisco’s Rothenberg Ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many of his counterparts, he has not invested in a wearable. But he is keeping a close eye on the space, as he believes that wearable tech is one of less than a handful of emerging platforms that have the potential to be the next big thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wearables in and of themselves aren’t hugely exciting right now,” he said. Leep said he hasn’t personally seen many gadgets that are a significant step beyond the iPhone, the smart computer already in millions of pockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That said, many of us believe that mobile technology has seen its day. Wearables might be what’s next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Christina Farr is a San Francisco journalist covering health technology. She previously wrote for \u003c/em>Venture Beat, The Bay Citizen\u003cem> and \u003c/em>SFGate\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Monday’s SpaceX Launch Cancelled; Next Opportunity is April 18 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update:\u003c/strong> Monday’s launch was \u003ca>\u003c/a>cancelled because of a helium leak. The next window for launch is this coming Friday, April 18. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong> SpaceX is launching a rocket this afternoon. The live webcast begins at 12:45 PST and the launch itself is scheduled for 1:58. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/index.html#.U0ww1lcXJfQ\">NASA TV\u003c/a> is streaming coverage: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"392\" src=\"http://www.ustream.tv/embed/10414700?v=3&wmode=direct\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: 0px none transparent\"> \u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ustream.tv/\" style=\"padding: 2px 0px 4px;width: 400px;background: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-weight: normal;font-size: 10px;text-decoration: underline;text-align: center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live streaming video by Ustream\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dragon spacecraft is headed for the International Space Station. The unmanned mission is delivering cargo, including \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/nasa-sends-fruit-flies-to-space-to-prep-for-mars-missions/\">scientific experiments from NASA’s Ames Research Center\u003c/a> in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SpaceX, owned by Tesla Motors CEO Elon Musk, is a private space company. You can learn more about private space exploration in our TV special, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/silicon-valley-goes-to-space/\">Silicon Valley Goes to Space\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/D9oTeQ2FC84\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update:\u003c/strong> Monday’s launch was \u003ca>\u003c/a>cancelled because of a helium leak. The next window for launch is this coming Friday, April 18. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong> SpaceX is launching a rocket this afternoon. The live webcast begins at 12:45 PST and the launch itself is scheduled for 1:58. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/index.html#.U0ww1lcXJfQ\">NASA TV\u003c/a> is streaming coverage: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"392\" src=\"http://www.ustream.tv/embed/10414700?v=3&wmode=direct\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: 0px none transparent\"> \u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ustream.tv/\" style=\"padding: 2px 0px 4px;width: 400px;background: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-weight: normal;font-size: 10px;text-decoration: underline;text-align: center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live streaming video by Ustream\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dragon spacecraft is headed for the International Space Station. The unmanned mission is delivering cargo, including \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/nasa-sends-fruit-flies-to-space-to-prep-for-mars-missions/\">scientific experiments from NASA’s Ames Research Center\u003c/a> in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Chevron Tries Again With Richmond Refinery Revamp",
"headTitle": "Chevron Tries Again With Richmond Refinery Revamp | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/04/20140414science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The rust-red painted tanks of Chevron’s Richmond refinery are a familiar sight for drivers in the East Bay. The facility, sprawling across about four and a half miles at the foot of the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, is the biggest refinery in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was built in 1902. Picture those \u003ca href=\"http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/show_picture.cgi?ID=ID.%20Degenkolb,%20H.%2013\">black and white photos\u003c/a> of Victorian ladies after the 1906 earthquake. The refinery was already here, chugging along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was pretty much nothing else here. It just looked like an open plain,” said Chevron’s Brian Hubinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/chevronsliders.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"530\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, according to the company, one out of every five cars on the road in the Bay Area is driving with gas from here, and two-thirds of the jet fuel used at Bay Area airports starts here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Chevron is looking to launch a \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/\">billion-dollar construction project\u003c/a> at the refinery. It’s a slimmed down version of a project that environmentalists stopped with a lawsuit a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that legal battle and a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/21/how-the-chevron-richmond-fire-happened-feds-release-blow-by-blow-animation-of-accident/\">fire at the refinery\u003c/a> in 2012, Chevron is trying to win back the community’s trust not only with a new environmental impact report on the project, but also with a \u003ca href=\"http://richmondstandard.com/\">company-published local news website\u003c/a> and billboards celebrating the city of Richmond, and TV ads supporting the proposed project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16467\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/chevrontanks.jpg\" alt=\"A view of the Chevron refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubinger, the technical advisor for what Chevron’s calling its modernization project took me on a tour of the facility. (Critics of the project are more apt to call it an “expansion.”) We drove to the end of the wharf where tankers full of oil from the Middle East and Alaska unload, and then back into the heart of the refinery, past right-angled tangles of pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We parked near what looked like a brown barn on stilts: Chevron’s half-built hydrogen plant. That’s how much the company was able to construct before a state court judge \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_14963441\">stopped the project\u003c/a> in 2010. This plant would produce more hydrogen, more efficiently, than the existing one does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron wants the upgrade — and other changes it’s proposing — because hydrogen helps clean the sulfur out of crude oil. And the company wants to refine crude that has more sulfur in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16478 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS9520_Chevron032714-JoshC-5195-scr-e1397259831604.jpg\" alt=\"The partially-built hydrogen plant. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"346\" height=\"230\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The partially-built hydrogen plant, the “barn on stilts.” (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It provides flexibility to the refinery to remain competitive in the future,” Hubinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron won’t say exactly where that oil would be coming from, but the refinery can only receive crude via ship. So this is not about using trains to bring in oil from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">Canada’s tar sands\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/bay-area-residents-resist-crude-by-rail-as-accidents-rise/\">North Dakota’s Bakken formation\u003c/a>, the company says. Instead, the project would allow Chevron to process crude from declining oil fields, which are often higher in sulfur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another case where, like “modernization” versus “expansion,” the language drives a point of view: Opponents call the crude that’s higher in sulfur “dirty.” In the oil industry, they call it “sour.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no debating, though, that sulfur is an impurity in crude oil, and that processing higher sulfur crude will affect emissions at the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever Chevron says, we have to look at the truth and not accept their word for it,” said Andrés Soto, an organizer with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbecal.org/\">Communities for a Better Environment\u003c/a> (CBE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBE, with other partner organizations, was the group that won the lawsuit to stop the earlier project. CBE argued, and a state judge agreed, that Chevron hadn’t provided enough information about how the project would affect air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16483\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16483 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS9531_Chevron032714-JoshC-5225-scr-e1397261318631.jpg\" alt=\"Andrés Soto is the Richmond organizer with Communities for a Better Environment. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"342\" height=\"229\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrés Soto in Atchison Village, a neighborhood near Chevron’s Richmond refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Chevron refused to disclose the crude slate quality that they would process as a result of this project,” Soto said. “If they were going to expand their hydrogen production, that was because they were going to be processing dirtier crude.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Chevron’s last attempt at the project, this time its environmental impact report does provide details on the amount of air pollution that will be created. And it describes how Chevron will try to offset that pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our commitments for no net increase are: no net increase in criteria air pollutants, no net increase in health risk and no net increase in greenhouse gas,” said Nicole Barber, a spokeswoman for Chevron. (Criteria air pollutants are particulates that the Environmental Protection Agency regulates for human and environmental health, such as lead, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenhouse gas emissions could go up by 15 percent or more if this project happens, but, Barber said, Chevron would offset that by buying carbon credits, giving money to greenhouse gas reduction programs in Richmond and making changes on-site like using LED lighting and reusing water. That’s on the climate change side.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"left\">The \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/project-documents/\">draft environmental impact report\u003c/a>, including appendices, is thousands of pages long. If you want to learn more about the emissions from the project, here are some places to start.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/4.8_Greenhouse-Gases.pdf\">Greenhouse gases\u003c/a>: Page 36 shows a table with baseline emissions and potential changes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/4.3_Air-Quality.pdf\">Air quality\u003c/a>: Page 85 shows a table listing baseline criteria air pollutant emissions and potential changes. Page 96 shows the same for toxic air contaminants.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In terms of emissions that could make people sick — toxic air contaminants and criteria air pollutants – Barber said Chevron will offset those, too. The company’s proposals include installing new burners that lower nitrogen oxide emissions and replacing three tanker ships with newer ships that have more efficient engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s all according to the environmental impact report. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District, which regulates emissions, and CBE have both said they’re still examining the report, and have no comment yet on whether the details Chevron provides are thorough and sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know they are claiming there will be no net increase in emissions,” said Soto. “And that sounds great. Except that the current level of emissions are already killing us. We have disproportionately high rates of cancers, asthma, other autoimmune diseases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond is \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-and-people-of-color-richmond-day-1\">an industrial area\u003c/a>. There are other refineries, shipping, trucking and factories. And year in and year out, Chevron’s refinery is one of the biggest polluters in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16496\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16496\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/9516scr_be7b8f9f55a4074-e1397264375694.jpg\" alt=\"Pipes inside the refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pipes inside the refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soto said the 2012 fire at the refinery is an extreme example of the health risks a refinery poses. The fire released a dark plume of smoke into the sky and sent more than 10,000 people to the hospital complaining of breathing problems\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was an episodic exposure,” he said. “But then there’s the persistent and prolonged every day exposure that also happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond mayor Gayle McLaughlin said she wants the project and the 1,000 construction jobs it’s expected to create, but she also wants to make sure it’s safe. And she sees it as a chance to push Chevron for lower emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How often do we have an opportunity to determine whether or not to permit a $1 billion expansion project from a large refinery?” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft environmental impact report is open for public comment until May second. The planning commission could vote on it as soon as this summer. There’s a public hearing on the project this week on \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/meetings/\">Thursday night\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Chevron is looking to launch a billion-dollar construction project at its Richmond refinery. It’s a slimmed down version of a project that environmentalists stopped with a lawsuit a few years ago. ",
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"description": "Chevron is looking to launch a billion-dollar construction project at its Richmond refinery. It’s a slimmed down version of a project that environmentalists stopped with a lawsuit a few years ago. ",
"title": "Chevron Tries Again With Richmond Refinery Revamp | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The rust-red painted tanks of Chevron’s Richmond refinery are a familiar sight for drivers in the East Bay. The facility, sprawling across about four and a half miles at the foot of the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, is the biggest refinery in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was built in 1902. Picture those \u003ca href=\"http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/show_picture.cgi?ID=ID.%20Degenkolb,%20H.%2013\">black and white photos\u003c/a> of Victorian ladies after the 1906 earthquake. The refinery was already here, chugging along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was pretty much nothing else here. It just looked like an open plain,” said Chevron’s Brian Hubinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/chevronsliders.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"530\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, according to the company, one out of every five cars on the road in the Bay Area is driving with gas from here, and two-thirds of the jet fuel used at Bay Area airports starts here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Chevron is looking to launch a \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/\">billion-dollar construction project\u003c/a> at the refinery. It’s a slimmed down version of a project that environmentalists stopped with a lawsuit a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that legal battle and a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/21/how-the-chevron-richmond-fire-happened-feds-release-blow-by-blow-animation-of-accident/\">fire at the refinery\u003c/a> in 2012, Chevron is trying to win back the community’s trust not only with a new environmental impact report on the project, but also with a \u003ca href=\"http://richmondstandard.com/\">company-published local news website\u003c/a> and billboards celebrating the city of Richmond, and TV ads supporting the proposed project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16467\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/chevrontanks.jpg\" alt=\"A view of the Chevron refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubinger, the technical advisor for what Chevron’s calling its modernization project took me on a tour of the facility. (Critics of the project are more apt to call it an “expansion.”) We drove to the end of the wharf where tankers full of oil from the Middle East and Alaska unload, and then back into the heart of the refinery, past right-angled tangles of pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We parked near what looked like a brown barn on stilts: Chevron’s half-built hydrogen plant. That’s how much the company was able to construct before a state court judge \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_14963441\">stopped the project\u003c/a> in 2010. This plant would produce more hydrogen, more efficiently, than the existing one does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron wants the upgrade — and other changes it’s proposing — because hydrogen helps clean the sulfur out of crude oil. And the company wants to refine crude that has more sulfur in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16478 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS9520_Chevron032714-JoshC-5195-scr-e1397259831604.jpg\" alt=\"The partially-built hydrogen plant. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"346\" height=\"230\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The partially-built hydrogen plant, the “barn on stilts.” (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It provides flexibility to the refinery to remain competitive in the future,” Hubinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron won’t say exactly where that oil would be coming from, but the refinery can only receive crude via ship. So this is not about using trains to bring in oil from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">Canada’s tar sands\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/bay-area-residents-resist-crude-by-rail-as-accidents-rise/\">North Dakota’s Bakken formation\u003c/a>, the company says. Instead, the project would allow Chevron to process crude from declining oil fields, which are often higher in sulfur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another case where, like “modernization” versus “expansion,” the language drives a point of view: Opponents call the crude that’s higher in sulfur “dirty.” In the oil industry, they call it “sour.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no debating, though, that sulfur is an impurity in crude oil, and that processing higher sulfur crude will affect emissions at the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever Chevron says, we have to look at the truth and not accept their word for it,” said Andrés Soto, an organizer with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbecal.org/\">Communities for a Better Environment\u003c/a> (CBE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBE, with other partner organizations, was the group that won the lawsuit to stop the earlier project. CBE argued, and a state judge agreed, that Chevron hadn’t provided enough information about how the project would affect air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16483\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16483 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS9531_Chevron032714-JoshC-5225-scr-e1397261318631.jpg\" alt=\"Andrés Soto is the Richmond organizer with Communities for a Better Environment. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"342\" height=\"229\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrés Soto in Atchison Village, a neighborhood near Chevron’s Richmond refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Chevron refused to disclose the crude slate quality that they would process as a result of this project,” Soto said. “If they were going to expand their hydrogen production, that was because they were going to be processing dirtier crude.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Chevron’s last attempt at the project, this time its environmental impact report does provide details on the amount of air pollution that will be created. And it describes how Chevron will try to offset that pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our commitments for no net increase are: no net increase in criteria air pollutants, no net increase in health risk and no net increase in greenhouse gas,” said Nicole Barber, a spokeswoman for Chevron. (Criteria air pollutants are particulates that the Environmental Protection Agency regulates for human and environmental health, such as lead, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenhouse gas emissions could go up by 15 percent or more if this project happens, but, Barber said, Chevron would offset that by buying carbon credits, giving money to greenhouse gas reduction programs in Richmond and making changes on-site like using LED lighting and reusing water. That’s on the climate change side.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"left\">The \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/project-documents/\">draft environmental impact report\u003c/a>, including appendices, is thousands of pages long. If you want to learn more about the emissions from the project, here are some places to start.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/4.8_Greenhouse-Gases.pdf\">Greenhouse gases\u003c/a>: Page 36 shows a table with baseline emissions and potential changes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/4.3_Air-Quality.pdf\">Air quality\u003c/a>: Page 85 shows a table listing baseline criteria air pollutant emissions and potential changes. Page 96 shows the same for toxic air contaminants.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In terms of emissions that could make people sick — toxic air contaminants and criteria air pollutants – Barber said Chevron will offset those, too. The company’s proposals include installing new burners that lower nitrogen oxide emissions and replacing three tanker ships with newer ships that have more efficient engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s all according to the environmental impact report. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District, which regulates emissions, and CBE have both said they’re still examining the report, and have no comment yet on whether the details Chevron provides are thorough and sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know they are claiming there will be no net increase in emissions,” said Soto. “And that sounds great. Except that the current level of emissions are already killing us. We have disproportionately high rates of cancers, asthma, other autoimmune diseases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond is \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-and-people-of-color-richmond-day-1\">an industrial area\u003c/a>. There are other refineries, shipping, trucking and factories. And year in and year out, Chevron’s refinery is one of the biggest polluters in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16496\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16496\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/9516scr_be7b8f9f55a4074-e1397264375694.jpg\" alt=\"Pipes inside the refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pipes inside the refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soto said the 2012 fire at the refinery is an extreme example of the health risks a refinery poses. The fire released a dark plume of smoke into the sky and sent more than 10,000 people to the hospital complaining of breathing problems\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was an episodic exposure,” he said. “But then there’s the persistent and prolonged every day exposure that also happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond mayor Gayle McLaughlin said she wants the project and the 1,000 construction jobs it’s expected to create, but she also wants to make sure it’s safe. And she sees it as a chance to push Chevron for lower emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How often do we have an opportunity to determine whether or not to permit a $1 billion expansion project from a large refinery?” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft environmental impact report is open for public comment until May second. The planning commission could vote on it as soon as this summer. There’s a public hearing on the project this week on \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/meetings/\">Thursday night\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Wildfire Study: Spend on Prevention to Save on Disasters",
"headTitle": "California Wildfire Study: Spend on Prevention to Save on Disasters | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16457\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/6501scr_74e0f2dda29239a.jpg\" alt=\"Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevada.ca.gov/our-work/mokelumne-watershed-analysis/macafullreport\">new study\u003c/a> from the U. S. Forest Service and two environmental groups finds that investing in forest management could shrink the size of wildfires and save California hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a classic case of pay me now, or pay me a lot more later when the big fires occur,” says David Edelson, the Sierra Nevada Project Director at The Nature Conservancy and a primary author on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientists from The Nature Conservancy, the Sierra Nevada Conservancy and the Forest Service concluded that forest management can save two to three times what it costs to fight and clean up after fires, and shrink the size and intensity of fires up to 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends two steps to manage forests: Thin the undergrowth by cutting down smaller trees so they won’t be able to carry the fire up into the canopy; and conduct prescribed burns to clear the underbrush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By having frequent low-severity fires the underbrush and small trees cleared out, and the risk of these kinds of destructive megafires was much lower,” says Edelson. “Currently, we’re robbing Peter to pay Paul. When there’s a huge fire, we take the money away from the pots that are used to reduce wildfire risk. We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest costs of a wildfire come from damage to homes and buildings, clean-up after the fire and the massive amount of carbon dioxide released during the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdl id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 898px\">\n\u003cdd class=\"wp-caption-dd\">Total Costs and Benefits for Fuel Treatment Scenarios\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 888px\">\u003ca style=\"background-color: #f3f3f3;text-align: center\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16433\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"888\" height=\"385\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This chart, taken from the report, compares the cost of a fuel treatment program with the money saved by preventing large wildfires, over a 30-year period. The “low” and “high” columns reflect the range of savings.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The study drew on 30 years of fire data from the Mokelumne River watershed, an area researchers said is representative of watersheds across the Sierra Nevada. Based on that history, they forecasted the rate and intensity of fires over the next 30 years under two scenarios: with forest management and without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought is drying out soils and leaving trees weakened, conditions that are conducive to megafires, say scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An event such as the Rim Fire would be more likely in these drought condition years because they are more conducive to intense burning,” says Phil Bowden, the Regional Fuels Program Manager for the U. S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">Fire scientists say\u003c/a> a lack of funding combined with a century of fire suppression has left a massive load of undergrowth in the state’s forests. Right now, the U.S. Forest Service takes fire prevention measures on about 150,000 acres of national park land in California each year; its goal is to raise that to 500,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue has long been on the agenda at the national level, as well. On April 10, the Obama administration released the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/news/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=526008\">National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy\u003c/a>, which focuses on fire prevention. For a quick breakdown of its recommendations, check out this Grist \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/news/climate-change-just-reshaped-americas-wildfire-strategy/\">article\u003c/a> by John Upton.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A new study finds that investing in forest management could shrink the size of wildfires and save California hundreds of millions of dollars.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16457\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/6501scr_74e0f2dda29239a.jpg\" alt=\"Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevada.ca.gov/our-work/mokelumne-watershed-analysis/macafullreport\">new study\u003c/a> from the U. S. Forest Service and two environmental groups finds that investing in forest management could shrink the size of wildfires and save California hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a classic case of pay me now, or pay me a lot more later when the big fires occur,” says David Edelson, the Sierra Nevada Project Director at The Nature Conservancy and a primary author on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientists from The Nature Conservancy, the Sierra Nevada Conservancy and the Forest Service concluded that forest management can save two to three times what it costs to fight and clean up after fires, and shrink the size and intensity of fires up to 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends two steps to manage forests: Thin the undergrowth by cutting down smaller trees so they won’t be able to carry the fire up into the canopy; and conduct prescribed burns to clear the underbrush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By having frequent low-severity fires the underbrush and small trees cleared out, and the risk of these kinds of destructive megafires was much lower,” says Edelson. “Currently, we’re robbing Peter to pay Paul. When there’s a huge fire, we take the money away from the pots that are used to reduce wildfire risk. We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest costs of a wildfire come from damage to homes and buildings, clean-up after the fire and the massive amount of carbon dioxide released during the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdl id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 898px\">\n\u003cdd class=\"wp-caption-dd\">Total Costs and Benefits for Fuel Treatment Scenarios\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 888px\">\u003ca style=\"background-color: #f3f3f3;text-align: center\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16433\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"888\" height=\"385\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This chart, taken from the report, compares the cost of a fuel treatment program with the money saved by preventing large wildfires, over a 30-year period. The “low” and “high” columns reflect the range of savings.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The study drew on 30 years of fire data from the Mokelumne River watershed, an area researchers said is representative of watersheds across the Sierra Nevada. Based on that history, they forecasted the rate and intensity of fires over the next 30 years under two scenarios: with forest management and without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought is drying out soils and leaving trees weakened, conditions that are conducive to megafires, say scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An event such as the Rim Fire would be more likely in these drought condition years because they are more conducive to intense burning,” says Phil Bowden, the Regional Fuels Program Manager for the U. S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">Fire scientists say\u003c/a> a lack of funding combined with a century of fire suppression has left a massive load of undergrowth in the state’s forests. Right now, the U.S. Forest Service takes fire prevention measures on about 150,000 acres of national park land in California each year; its goal is to raise that to 500,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue has long been on the agenda at the national level, as well. On April 10, the Obama administration released the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/news/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=526008\">National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy\u003c/a>, which focuses on fire prevention. For a quick breakdown of its recommendations, check out this Grist \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/news/climate-change-just-reshaped-americas-wildfire-strategy/\">article\u003c/a> by John Upton.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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},
"soldout": {
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