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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16593\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/1825scr_c09a7077bf407dd-e1397606745612.jpg\" alt=\"Wind turbines in Solano County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"639\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wind turbines in Solano County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The commercial wind industry was born in California, and the state has one of the strongest renewable energy incentive programs in the country. Still, when it comes to wind, Texas has us beat by a long shot, according to \u003ca href=\"http://awea.files.cms-plus.com/images/figure15AMR13.png\">a new report\u003c/a> from the Washington, D.C.-based American Wind Energy Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California generates 5,829 megawatts of wind energy, compared with 12,354 megawatts in the Lone Star State. Iowa is a close third at 5,177 megawatts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one explanation is simple: Texas is a bigger and windier place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was first out of the gate to promote wind, so we got a reputation for being the biggest and best wind state,” says Nancy Rader, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwea.org/about.html\">California Wind Energy Association\u003c/a>. “But our resources pale in comparison to Texas and other states in that Great Plains region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California has pursued both wind and solar energy, Texas has focused on wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently gets seven percent of its electricity from wind, through turbines in Altamont Pass and the Tehachapis, among other places. But our remaining windy spots are harder to access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Transmission is a key enabler of wind,” says Ryan Wiser, a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. “We need to expand our transmission system to be able to access the higher quality wind resource sites.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s wind industry has gotten a big boost from one of the most aggressive renewable energy policies in the country. Wind energy in the state has tripled since 2002, when the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/energy/Renewables/\">set a goal\u003c/a> to get a third of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that goal, says Wiser, has “largely been met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind is still more expensive than non-renewable energy, says Wiser, so bringing more wind power online will require new government incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s renewable energy goals “will need to be re-upped in order to stimulate additional demand for not only wind, but other renewable resources as well,” says Wiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rader says another hurdle has been convincing federal managers to open up land to wind development, particularly in the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bureau of Land Management is going to have to make itself a little more friendly to wind energy development,” says Rader. “Almost all of the developments are on private land, and frankly, those resources are tapped out now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Read the report \u003ca href=\"http://www.awea.org/AnnualMarketReport.aspx?ItemNumber=6308&RDtoken=61755&userID=\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And our own award-winning series on California’s renewable power goals is \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/33by20/index.jsp\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Despite some of the strongest renewable energy incentives in the country, California produces less than half the wind energy generated in the Lone Star State. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16593\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/1825scr_c09a7077bf407dd-e1397606745612.jpg\" alt=\"Wind turbines in Solano County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"639\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wind turbines in Solano County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The commercial wind industry was born in California, and the state has one of the strongest renewable energy incentive programs in the country. Still, when it comes to wind, Texas has us beat by a long shot, according to \u003ca href=\"http://awea.files.cms-plus.com/images/figure15AMR13.png\">a new report\u003c/a> from the Washington, D.C.-based American Wind Energy Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California generates 5,829 megawatts of wind energy, compared with 12,354 megawatts in the Lone Star State. Iowa is a close third at 5,177 megawatts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one explanation is simple: Texas is a bigger and windier place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was first out of the gate to promote wind, so we got a reputation for being the biggest and best wind state,” says Nancy Rader, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwea.org/about.html\">California Wind Energy Association\u003c/a>. “But our resources pale in comparison to Texas and other states in that Great Plains region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While California has pursued both wind and solar energy, Texas has focused on wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently gets seven percent of its electricity from wind, through turbines in Altamont Pass and the Tehachapis, among other places. But our remaining windy spots are harder to access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Transmission is a key enabler of wind,” says Ryan Wiser, a staff scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. “We need to expand our transmission system to be able to access the higher quality wind resource sites.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s wind industry has gotten a big boost from one of the most aggressive renewable energy policies in the country. Wind energy in the state has tripled since 2002, when the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/energy/Renewables/\">set a goal\u003c/a> to get a third of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that goal, says Wiser, has “largely been met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind is still more expensive than non-renewable energy, says Wiser, so bringing more wind power online will require new government incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s renewable energy goals “will need to be re-upped in order to stimulate additional demand for not only wind, but other renewable resources as well,” says Wiser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rader says another hurdle has been convincing federal managers to open up land to wind development, particularly in the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Bureau of Land Management is going to have to make itself a little more friendly to wind energy development,” says Rader. “Almost all of the developments are on private land, and frankly, those resources are tapped out now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Read the report \u003ca href=\"http://www.awea.org/AnnualMarketReport.aspx?ItemNumber=6308&RDtoken=61755&userID=\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And our own award-winning series on California’s renewable power goals is \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/science/climatewatch/33by20/index.jsp\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Health Trackers May Be the Rage, But How Useful Are They?",
"headTitle": "Health Trackers May Be the Rage, But How Useful Are They? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Christina Farr\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16542\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/07_wearing_necklace.jpg\" alt=\"The Shine wearable. (Misfit Wearables)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Shine is an activity monitor, sleep tracker and watch. (Misfit Wearables)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For months, technology entrepreneur Will Imholte was hell-bent on finding the best personal activity tracker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than browsing reviews, he decided to test the \u003ca href=\"https://jawbone.com/up\">Jawbone UP\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/\">Fitbit Flex\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nike.com/us/en_us/c/nikeplus-fuelband\">Nike FuelBand SE\u003c/a> and a litany of others to track his calorie count and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all these devices failed to sustain his interest for more than a week. Despite his best efforts, Imholte gave up on the burgeoning wearable trend. He found that a smartphone and a time-keeping Swiss watch were more than sufficient for his purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Trust me, I wanted to like wearables, but I stopped using them after a few months.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m a nerd that can’t get enough of the latest gadgets,” said Imholte, the founder of Prime, a startup that helps patients access their personal medical records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trust me, I wanted to like wearables, but I stopped using them after a few months,” he said. “I’m not training for a marathon or anything, so I didn’t really see much need for them in my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearables are currently the darling of Silicon Valley and the majority of them, right now, are health devices, or have some wellness application. The new consumer electronics tools are allowing people to become their own researchers, trainers and medical advisers by monitoring such things as sleep, activity, heart rate and stress levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no one has quite nailed the technology just yet. Amid all the hype, it’s easy to forget that this technology is still in its infancy. For now, most of the devices on the market are glorified pedometers with a high price tag and short battery life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current slew of wrist bands, like the $99.95 Fitbit Flex or $299 \u003ca href=\"http://www.samsung.com/global/microsite/galaxynote3-gear/\">Samsung Galaxy Gear\u003c/a> smartwatch, are the first generation, with more sophisticated models still under development. Most devices today are adept at collecting data, but they fail to provide consumers with valuable health-related insights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Imholte, the data piqued his interest — he said it was intriguing to learn that he walked 1,000 steps on Monday — but only temporarily. Ultimately, he was disheartened by the lack of practical advice about how he could improve his health and fitness, without significantly altering his lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skyrocketing Expectations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all their limitations, technology investors have gone gaga for wearable devices. Investors poured $570 million into the space in 2013 alone, according to research firm CB Insights. On Kickstarter, a team asked for $100,000 to build a new smartwatch called \u003ca href=\"https://getpebble.com/\">Pebble\u003c/a>, and were stunned when backers invested over $10.2 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearable devices are nothing new. For years, athletes have used basic activity trackers to help them train for competitions. But, unlike today, those devices did not connect with your smartphone and thousands of health-related apps. The current wearables craze was fueled, in part, by members of the “\u003ca href=\"http://quantifiedself.com/\">Quantified Self\u003c/a>” movement, who strive for self-understanding by collecting data about themselves. In cities across the U.S., some 30,000 quantified selfers regularly meet up to trade tips and tricks about the latest health-tracking tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, wearables will no longer be the domain of athletes, fitness junkies and early adopters. Market research firm Canalys predicts that in 2014 companies will ship some 17 million wearable bands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having a computer on your wrist will become increasingly common,” said Canalys analyst Daniel Matte, in a statement.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nMeet the Woman With 27 Fitness Trackers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16557\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 266px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16557 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/wearablesdevcon-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Rachel Kalmar models her activity trackers at the DevCon Wearables Conference. (Credit: DevCon Wearables Conference)\" width=\"266\" height=\"354\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel Kalmar models her activity trackers at the DevCon Wearables Conference. (Credit: DevCon Wearables Conference)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To prepare for a stroll in San Francisco, Rachel Kalmar straps over two-dozen gadgets to her wrist and forearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first met Kalmar, she was wearing 22 clip-on activity trackers, including the Pebble, Fitbit Flex, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bodymedia.com/\">Bodymedia\u003c/a> and (my personal favorite) an antique pedometer from 1877. Now she has 27 trackers for both Android and iOS monitoring her every waking move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar isn’t a member of the cult of the quantified self, obsessed with tracking her bodily metrics. For Kalmar, it’s all in pursuit of research. For her day job, she’s a data scientist at\u003ca href=\"http://www.misfitwearables.com/\"> Misfit Wearable\u003c/a>s, maker of the Shine, futuristic jewelry that is popular with young women. The Shine acts as an activity monitor, sleep tracker and watch all in one. It can be worn as a necklace or on a clasp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar’s been wearing them every day for months, but she hasn’t derived ample benefit from these trackers — and doesn’t expect that you will either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it would be a week-long project, but then it started getting more and more complicated,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Kalmar, Misfit chief executive Sonny Vu is one of the most vocal critiques of the wearables trend. He frequently speaks at conferences and describes these devices as “not that wearable — yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key challenge Kalmar’s unearthed is that the devices don’t speak to each other. When it comes to the human body, data about your steps, heart rate, sleep cycle and glucose levels don’t mean much in isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘I think of wearables today like the first cell phone cameras, which sucked.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“What we want is our devices to interact with other devices,” said Kalmer. “Interoperability is key.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s not an easy prospect for the still-nascent wearables trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, Christ, we can’t even all agree on how to treat time zones in our data and databases,” Kalmar quipped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Next for Wearables?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar hasn’t given up on wearables altogether — far from it. For now, she hopes that the Shine and other devices will inspire people to be more active. And she expects that the field will figure out how to make them more useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think of wearables today like the first cell phone cameras, which sucked,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview from Misfit’s Vietnam offices, Kalmar offered several predictions for the future of wearables: The devices will eventually allow us to interact with other objects in our lives. (Imagine turning off your thermostat or unlocking your front door with a few taps of a smart watch.) Wearables will also increasingly be used to monitor patients with chronic health conditions. And they won’t be mostly bands; health-related smart glasses, sports bras and shoes are among the next generation of wearable sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Mobile technology has seen its day. Wearables might be what’s next.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Another key to longevity, for wearable computers, will be to keep the attention of Silicon Valley’s technology behemoths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has just released its futuristic eyeglasses called “Glass” to the public after a trial with developers, and Apple is rumored to be secretly developing a smartwatch, the “iWatch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited about what Apple is going to do next,” said Tommy Leep, an investor at San Francisco’s Rothenberg Ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many of his counterparts, he has not invested in a wearable. But he is keeping a close eye on the space, as he believes that wearable tech is one of less than a handful of emerging platforms that have the potential to be the next big thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wearables in and of themselves aren’t hugely exciting right now,” he said. Leep said he hasn’t personally seen many gadgets that are a significant step beyond the iPhone, the smart computer already in millions of pockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That said, many of us believe that mobile technology has seen its day. Wearables might be what’s next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Christina Farr is a San Francisco journalist covering health technology. She previously wrote for \u003c/em>Venture Beat, The Bay Citizen\u003cem> and \u003c/em>SFGate\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Christina Farr\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16542\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/07_wearing_necklace.jpg\" alt=\"The Shine wearable. (Misfit Wearables)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Shine is an activity monitor, sleep tracker and watch. (Misfit Wearables)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For months, technology entrepreneur Will Imholte was hell-bent on finding the best personal activity tracker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than browsing reviews, he decided to test the \u003ca href=\"https://jawbone.com/up\">Jawbone UP\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fitbit.com/\">Fitbit Flex\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nike.com/us/en_us/c/nikeplus-fuelband\">Nike FuelBand SE\u003c/a> and a litany of others to track his calorie count and weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all these devices failed to sustain his interest for more than a week. Despite his best efforts, Imholte gave up on the burgeoning wearable trend. He found that a smartphone and a time-keeping Swiss watch were more than sufficient for his purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Trust me, I wanted to like wearables, but I stopped using them after a few months.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m a nerd that can’t get enough of the latest gadgets,” said Imholte, the founder of Prime, a startup that helps patients access their personal medical records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trust me, I wanted to like wearables, but I stopped using them after a few months,” he said. “I’m not training for a marathon or anything, so I didn’t really see much need for them in my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearables are currently the darling of Silicon Valley and the majority of them, right now, are health devices, or have some wellness application. The new consumer electronics tools are allowing people to become their own researchers, trainers and medical advisers by monitoring such things as sleep, activity, heart rate and stress levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no one has quite nailed the technology just yet. Amid all the hype, it’s easy to forget that this technology is still in its infancy. For now, most of the devices on the market are glorified pedometers with a high price tag and short battery life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current slew of wrist bands, like the $99.95 Fitbit Flex or $299 \u003ca href=\"http://www.samsung.com/global/microsite/galaxynote3-gear/\">Samsung Galaxy Gear\u003c/a> smartwatch, are the first generation, with more sophisticated models still under development. Most devices today are adept at collecting data, but they fail to provide consumers with valuable health-related insights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Imholte, the data piqued his interest — he said it was intriguing to learn that he walked 1,000 steps on Monday — but only temporarily. Ultimately, he was disheartened by the lack of practical advice about how he could improve his health and fitness, without significantly altering his lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skyrocketing Expectations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all their limitations, technology investors have gone gaga for wearable devices. Investors poured $570 million into the space in 2013 alone, according to research firm CB Insights. On Kickstarter, a team asked for $100,000 to build a new smartwatch called \u003ca href=\"https://getpebble.com/\">Pebble\u003c/a>, and were stunned when backers invested over $10.2 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearable devices are nothing new. For years, athletes have used basic activity trackers to help them train for competitions. But, unlike today, those devices did not connect with your smartphone and thousands of health-related apps. The current wearables craze was fueled, in part, by members of the “\u003ca href=\"http://quantifiedself.com/\">Quantified Self\u003c/a>” movement, who strive for self-understanding by collecting data about themselves. In cities across the U.S., some 30,000 quantified selfers regularly meet up to trade tips and tricks about the latest health-tracking tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, wearables will no longer be the domain of athletes, fitness junkies and early adopters. Market research firm Canalys predicts that in 2014 companies will ship some 17 million wearable bands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having a computer on your wrist will become increasingly common,” said Canalys analyst Daniel Matte, in a statement.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nMeet the Woman With 27 Fitness Trackers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16557\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 266px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16557 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/wearablesdevcon-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Rachel Kalmar models her activity trackers at the DevCon Wearables Conference. (Credit: DevCon Wearables Conference)\" width=\"266\" height=\"354\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rachel Kalmar models her activity trackers at the DevCon Wearables Conference. (Credit: DevCon Wearables Conference)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To prepare for a stroll in San Francisco, Rachel Kalmar straps over two-dozen gadgets to her wrist and forearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I first met Kalmar, she was wearing 22 clip-on activity trackers, including the Pebble, Fitbit Flex, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bodymedia.com/\">Bodymedia\u003c/a> and (my personal favorite) an antique pedometer from 1877. Now she has 27 trackers for both Android and iOS monitoring her every waking move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar isn’t a member of the cult of the quantified self, obsessed with tracking her bodily metrics. For Kalmar, it’s all in pursuit of research. For her day job, she’s a data scientist at\u003ca href=\"http://www.misfitwearables.com/\"> Misfit Wearable\u003c/a>s, maker of the Shine, futuristic jewelry that is popular with young women. The Shine acts as an activity monitor, sleep tracker and watch all in one. It can be worn as a necklace or on a clasp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar’s been wearing them every day for months, but she hasn’t derived ample benefit from these trackers — and doesn’t expect that you will either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it would be a week-long project, but then it started getting more and more complicated,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Kalmar, Misfit chief executive Sonny Vu is one of the most vocal critiques of the wearables trend. He frequently speaks at conferences and describes these devices as “not that wearable — yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key challenge Kalmar’s unearthed is that the devices don’t speak to each other. When it comes to the human body, data about your steps, heart rate, sleep cycle and glucose levels don’t mean much in isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘I think of wearables today like the first cell phone cameras, which sucked.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“What we want is our devices to interact with other devices,” said Kalmer. “Interoperability is key.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that’s not an easy prospect for the still-nascent wearables trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, Christ, we can’t even all agree on how to treat time zones in our data and databases,” Kalmar quipped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Next for Wearables?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalmar hasn’t given up on wearables altogether — far from it. For now, she hopes that the Shine and other devices will inspire people to be more active. And she expects that the field will figure out how to make them more useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think of wearables today like the first cell phone cameras, which sucked,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview from Misfit’s Vietnam offices, Kalmar offered several predictions for the future of wearables: The devices will eventually allow us to interact with other objects in our lives. (Imagine turning off your thermostat or unlocking your front door with a few taps of a smart watch.) Wearables will also increasingly be used to monitor patients with chronic health conditions. And they won’t be mostly bands; health-related smart glasses, sports bras and shoes are among the next generation of wearable sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Mobile technology has seen its day. Wearables might be what’s next.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Another key to longevity, for wearable computers, will be to keep the attention of Silicon Valley’s technology behemoths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has just released its futuristic eyeglasses called “Glass” to the public after a trial with developers, and Apple is rumored to be secretly developing a smartwatch, the “iWatch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited about what Apple is going to do next,” said Tommy Leep, an investor at San Francisco’s Rothenberg Ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many of his counterparts, he has not invested in a wearable. But he is keeping a close eye on the space, as he believes that wearable tech is one of less than a handful of emerging platforms that have the potential to be the next big thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wearables in and of themselves aren’t hugely exciting right now,” he said. Leep said he hasn’t personally seen many gadgets that are a significant step beyond the iPhone, the smart computer already in millions of pockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That said, many of us believe that mobile technology has seen its day. Wearables might be what’s next.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Christina Farr is a San Francisco journalist covering health technology. She previously wrote for \u003c/em>Venture Beat, The Bay Citizen\u003cem> and \u003c/em>SFGate\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update:\u003c/strong> Monday’s launch was \u003ca>\u003c/a>cancelled because of a helium leak. The next window for launch is this coming Friday, April 18. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong> SpaceX is launching a rocket this afternoon. The live webcast begins at 12:45 PST and the launch itself is scheduled for 1:58. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/index.html#.U0ww1lcXJfQ\">NASA TV\u003c/a> is streaming coverage: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"392\" src=\"http://www.ustream.tv/embed/10414700?v=3&wmode=direct\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: 0px none transparent\"> \u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ustream.tv/\" style=\"padding: 2px 0px 4px;width: 400px;background: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-weight: normal;font-size: 10px;text-decoration: underline;text-align: center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live streaming video by Ustream\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dragon spacecraft is headed for the International Space Station. The unmanned mission is delivering cargo, including \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/nasa-sends-fruit-flies-to-space-to-prep-for-mars-missions/\">scientific experiments from NASA’s Ames Research Center\u003c/a> in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SpaceX, owned by Tesla Motors CEO Elon Musk, is a private space company. You can learn more about private space exploration in our TV special, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/video/silicon-valley-goes-to-space/\">Silicon Valley Goes to Space\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/D9oTeQ2FC84\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update:\u003c/strong> Monday’s launch was \u003ca>\u003c/a>cancelled because of a helium leak. The next window for launch is this coming Friday, April 18. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong> SpaceX is launching a rocket this afternoon. The live webcast begins at 12:45 PST and the launch itself is scheduled for 1:58. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/index.html#.U0ww1lcXJfQ\">NASA TV\u003c/a> is streaming coverage: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"392\" src=\"http://www.ustream.tv/embed/10414700?v=3&wmode=direct\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: 0px none transparent\"> \u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ustream.tv/\" style=\"padding: 2px 0px 4px;width: 400px;background: #ffffff;color: #000000;font-weight: normal;font-size: 10px;text-decoration: underline;text-align: center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live streaming video by Ustream\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Dragon spacecraft is headed for the International Space Station. The unmanned mission is delivering cargo, including \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/nasa-sends-fruit-flies-to-space-to-prep-for-mars-missions/\">scientific experiments from NASA’s Ames Research Center\u003c/a> in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Chevron Tries Again With Richmond Refinery Revamp",
"headTitle": "Chevron Tries Again With Richmond Refinery Revamp | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/04/20140414science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The rust-red painted tanks of Chevron’s Richmond refinery are a familiar sight for drivers in the East Bay. The facility, sprawling across about four and a half miles at the foot of the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, is the biggest refinery in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was built in 1902. Picture those \u003ca href=\"http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/show_picture.cgi?ID=ID.%20Degenkolb,%20H.%2013\">black and white photos\u003c/a> of Victorian ladies after the 1906 earthquake. The refinery was already here, chugging along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was pretty much nothing else here. It just looked like an open plain,” said Chevron’s Brian Hubinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/chevronsliders.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"530\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, according to the company, one out of every five cars on the road in the Bay Area is driving with gas from here, and two-thirds of the jet fuel used at Bay Area airports starts here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Chevron is looking to launch a \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/\">billion-dollar construction project\u003c/a> at the refinery. It’s a slimmed down version of a project that environmentalists stopped with a lawsuit a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that legal battle and a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/21/how-the-chevron-richmond-fire-happened-feds-release-blow-by-blow-animation-of-accident/\">fire at the refinery\u003c/a> in 2012, Chevron is trying to win back the community’s trust not only with a new environmental impact report on the project, but also with a \u003ca href=\"http://richmondstandard.com/\">company-published local news website\u003c/a> and billboards celebrating the city of Richmond, and TV ads supporting the proposed project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16467\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/chevrontanks.jpg\" alt=\"A view of the Chevron refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubinger, the technical advisor for what Chevron’s calling its modernization project took me on a tour of the facility. (Critics of the project are more apt to call it an “expansion.”) We drove to the end of the wharf where tankers full of oil from the Middle East and Alaska unload, and then back into the heart of the refinery, past right-angled tangles of pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We parked near what looked like a brown barn on stilts: Chevron’s half-built hydrogen plant. That’s how much the company was able to construct before a state court judge \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_14963441\">stopped the project\u003c/a> in 2010. This plant would produce more hydrogen, more efficiently, than the existing one does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron wants the upgrade — and other changes it’s proposing — because hydrogen helps clean the sulfur out of crude oil. And the company wants to refine crude that has more sulfur in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16478 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS9520_Chevron032714-JoshC-5195-scr-e1397259831604.jpg\" alt=\"The partially-built hydrogen plant. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"346\" height=\"230\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The partially-built hydrogen plant, the “barn on stilts.” (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It provides flexibility to the refinery to remain competitive in the future,” Hubinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron won’t say exactly where that oil would be coming from, but the refinery can only receive crude via ship. So this is not about using trains to bring in oil from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">Canada’s tar sands\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/bay-area-residents-resist-crude-by-rail-as-accidents-rise/\">North Dakota’s Bakken formation\u003c/a>, the company says. Instead, the project would allow Chevron to process crude from declining oil fields, which are often higher in sulfur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another case where, like “modernization” versus “expansion,” the language drives a point of view: Opponents call the crude that’s higher in sulfur “dirty.” In the oil industry, they call it “sour.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no debating, though, that sulfur is an impurity in crude oil, and that processing higher sulfur crude will affect emissions at the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever Chevron says, we have to look at the truth and not accept their word for it,” said Andrés Soto, an organizer with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbecal.org/\">Communities for a Better Environment\u003c/a> (CBE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBE, with other partner organizations, was the group that won the lawsuit to stop the earlier project. CBE argued, and a state judge agreed, that Chevron hadn’t provided enough information about how the project would affect air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16483\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16483 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS9531_Chevron032714-JoshC-5225-scr-e1397261318631.jpg\" alt=\"Andrés Soto is the Richmond organizer with Communities for a Better Environment. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"342\" height=\"229\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrés Soto in Atchison Village, a neighborhood near Chevron’s Richmond refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Chevron refused to disclose the crude slate quality that they would process as a result of this project,” Soto said. “If they were going to expand their hydrogen production, that was because they were going to be processing dirtier crude.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Chevron’s last attempt at the project, this time its environmental impact report does provide details on the amount of air pollution that will be created. And it describes how Chevron will try to offset that pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our commitments for no net increase are: no net increase in criteria air pollutants, no net increase in health risk and no net increase in greenhouse gas,” said Nicole Barber, a spokeswoman for Chevron. (Criteria air pollutants are particulates that the Environmental Protection Agency regulates for human and environmental health, such as lead, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenhouse gas emissions could go up by 15 percent or more if this project happens, but, Barber said, Chevron would offset that by buying carbon credits, giving money to greenhouse gas reduction programs in Richmond and making changes on-site like using LED lighting and reusing water. That’s on the climate change side.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"left\">The \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/project-documents/\">draft environmental impact report\u003c/a>, including appendices, is thousands of pages long. If you want to learn more about the emissions from the project, here are some places to start.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/4.8_Greenhouse-Gases.pdf\">Greenhouse gases\u003c/a>: Page 36 shows a table with baseline emissions and potential changes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/4.3_Air-Quality.pdf\">Air quality\u003c/a>: Page 85 shows a table listing baseline criteria air pollutant emissions and potential changes. Page 96 shows the same for toxic air contaminants.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In terms of emissions that could make people sick — toxic air contaminants and criteria air pollutants – Barber said Chevron will offset those, too. The company’s proposals include installing new burners that lower nitrogen oxide emissions and replacing three tanker ships with newer ships that have more efficient engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s all according to the environmental impact report. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District, which regulates emissions, and CBE have both said they’re still examining the report, and have no comment yet on whether the details Chevron provides are thorough and sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know they are claiming there will be no net increase in emissions,” said Soto. “And that sounds great. Except that the current level of emissions are already killing us. We have disproportionately high rates of cancers, asthma, other autoimmune diseases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond is \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-and-people-of-color-richmond-day-1\">an industrial area\u003c/a>. There are other refineries, shipping, trucking and factories. And year in and year out, Chevron’s refinery is one of the biggest polluters in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16496\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16496\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/9516scr_be7b8f9f55a4074-e1397264375694.jpg\" alt=\"Pipes inside the refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pipes inside the refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soto said the 2012 fire at the refinery is an extreme example of the health risks a refinery poses. The fire released a dark plume of smoke into the sky and sent more than 10,000 people to the hospital complaining of breathing problems\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was an episodic exposure,” he said. “But then there’s the persistent and prolonged every day exposure that also happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond mayor Gayle McLaughlin said she wants the project and the 1,000 construction jobs it’s expected to create, but she also wants to make sure it’s safe. And she sees it as a chance to push Chevron for lower emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How often do we have an opportunity to determine whether or not to permit a $1 billion expansion project from a large refinery?” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft environmental impact report is open for public comment until May second. The planning commission could vote on it as soon as this summer. There’s a public hearing on the project this week on \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/meetings/\">Thursday night\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Chevron is looking to launch a billion-dollar construction project at its Richmond refinery. It’s a slimmed down version of a project that environmentalists stopped with a lawsuit a few years ago. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The rust-red painted tanks of Chevron’s Richmond refinery are a familiar sight for drivers in the East Bay. The facility, sprawling across about four and a half miles at the foot of the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, is the biggest refinery in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was built in 1902. Picture those \u003ca href=\"http://libraryphoto.cr.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/show_picture.cgi?ID=ID.%20Degenkolb,%20H.%2013\">black and white photos\u003c/a> of Victorian ladies after the 1906 earthquake. The refinery was already here, chugging along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was pretty much nothing else here. It just looked like an open plain,” said Chevron’s Brian Hubinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/chevronsliders.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"530\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, according to the company, one out of every five cars on the road in the Bay Area is driving with gas from here, and two-thirds of the jet fuel used at Bay Area airports starts here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Chevron is looking to launch a \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/\">billion-dollar construction project\u003c/a> at the refinery. It’s a slimmed down version of a project that environmentalists stopped with a lawsuit a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that legal battle and a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/21/how-the-chevron-richmond-fire-happened-feds-release-blow-by-blow-animation-of-accident/\">fire at the refinery\u003c/a> in 2012, Chevron is trying to win back the community’s trust not only with a new environmental impact report on the project, but also with a \u003ca href=\"http://richmondstandard.com/\">company-published local news website\u003c/a> and billboards celebrating the city of Richmond, and TV ads supporting the proposed project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16467\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/chevrontanks.jpg\" alt=\"A view of the Chevron refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubinger, the technical advisor for what Chevron’s calling its modernization project took me on a tour of the facility. (Critics of the project are more apt to call it an “expansion.”) We drove to the end of the wharf where tankers full of oil from the Middle East and Alaska unload, and then back into the heart of the refinery, past right-angled tangles of pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We parked near what looked like a brown barn on stilts: Chevron’s half-built hydrogen plant. That’s how much the company was able to construct before a state court judge \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_14963441\">stopped the project\u003c/a> in 2010. This plant would produce more hydrogen, more efficiently, than the existing one does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron wants the upgrade — and other changes it’s proposing — because hydrogen helps clean the sulfur out of crude oil. And the company wants to refine crude that has more sulfur in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16478\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16478 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS9520_Chevron032714-JoshC-5195-scr-e1397259831604.jpg\" alt=\"The partially-built hydrogen plant. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"346\" height=\"230\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The partially-built hydrogen plant, the “barn on stilts.” (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It provides flexibility to the refinery to remain competitive in the future,” Hubinger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron won’t say exactly where that oil would be coming from, but the refinery can only receive crude via ship. So this is not about using trains to bring in oil from \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/valero-rail-project-fuels-tar-sands-speculation-in-bay-area/\">Canada’s tar sands\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/bay-area-residents-resist-crude-by-rail-as-accidents-rise/\">North Dakota’s Bakken formation\u003c/a>, the company says. Instead, the project would allow Chevron to process crude from declining oil fields, which are often higher in sulfur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another case where, like “modernization” versus “expansion,” the language drives a point of view: Opponents call the crude that’s higher in sulfur “dirty.” In the oil industry, they call it “sour.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no debating, though, that sulfur is an impurity in crude oil, and that processing higher sulfur crude will affect emissions at the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever Chevron says, we have to look at the truth and not accept their word for it,” said Andrés Soto, an organizer with \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbecal.org/\">Communities for a Better Environment\u003c/a> (CBE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBE, with other partner organizations, was the group that won the lawsuit to stop the earlier project. CBE argued, and a state judge agreed, that Chevron hadn’t provided enough information about how the project would affect air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16483\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16483 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS9531_Chevron032714-JoshC-5225-scr-e1397261318631.jpg\" alt=\"Andrés Soto is the Richmond organizer with Communities for a Better Environment. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"342\" height=\"229\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andrés Soto in Atchison Village, a neighborhood near Chevron’s Richmond refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Chevron refused to disclose the crude slate quality that they would process as a result of this project,” Soto said. “If they were going to expand their hydrogen production, that was because they were going to be processing dirtier crude.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Chevron’s last attempt at the project, this time its environmental impact report does provide details on the amount of air pollution that will be created. And it describes how Chevron will try to offset that pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our commitments for no net increase are: no net increase in criteria air pollutants, no net increase in health risk and no net increase in greenhouse gas,” said Nicole Barber, a spokeswoman for Chevron. (Criteria air pollutants are particulates that the Environmental Protection Agency regulates for human and environmental health, such as lead, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenhouse gas emissions could go up by 15 percent or more if this project happens, but, Barber said, Chevron would offset that by buying carbon credits, giving money to greenhouse gas reduction programs in Richmond and making changes on-site like using LED lighting and reusing water. That’s on the climate change side.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"left\">The \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/project-documents/\">draft environmental impact report\u003c/a>, including appendices, is thousands of pages long. If you want to learn more about the emissions from the project, here are some places to start.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/4.8_Greenhouse-Gases.pdf\">Greenhouse gases\u003c/a>: Page 36 shows a table with baseline emissions and potential changes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/4.3_Air-Quality.pdf\">Air quality\u003c/a>: Page 85 shows a table listing baseline criteria air pollutant emissions and potential changes. Page 96 shows the same for toxic air contaminants.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In terms of emissions that could make people sick — toxic air contaminants and criteria air pollutants – Barber said Chevron will offset those, too. The company’s proposals include installing new burners that lower nitrogen oxide emissions and replacing three tanker ships with newer ships that have more efficient engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s all according to the environmental impact report. The Bay Area Air Quality Management District, which regulates emissions, and CBE have both said they’re still examining the report, and have no comment yet on whether the details Chevron provides are thorough and sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know they are claiming there will be no net increase in emissions,” said Soto. “And that sounds great. Except that the current level of emissions are already killing us. We have disproportionately high rates of cancers, asthma, other autoimmune diseases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond is \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/pollution-poverty-and-people-of-color-richmond-day-1\">an industrial area\u003c/a>. There are other refineries, shipping, trucking and factories. And year in and year out, Chevron’s refinery is one of the biggest polluters in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16496\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16496\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/9516scr_be7b8f9f55a4074-e1397264375694.jpg\" alt=\"Pipes inside the refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pipes inside the refinery. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Soto said the 2012 fire at the refinery is an extreme example of the health risks a refinery poses. The fire released a dark plume of smoke into the sky and sent more than 10,000 people to the hospital complaining of breathing problems\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was an episodic exposure,” he said. “But then there’s the persistent and prolonged every day exposure that also happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richmond mayor Gayle McLaughlin said she wants the project and the 1,000 construction jobs it’s expected to create, but she also wants to make sure it’s safe. And she sees it as a chance to push Chevron for lower emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How often do we have an opportunity to determine whether or not to permit a $1 billion expansion project from a large refinery?” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft environmental impact report is open for public comment until May second. The planning commission could vote on it as soon as this summer. There’s a public hearing on the project this week on \u003ca href=\"http://chevronmodernization.com/meetings/\">Thursday night\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Wildfire Study: Spend on Prevention to Save on Disasters",
"headTitle": "California Wildfire Study: Spend on Prevention to Save on Disasters | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16457\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/6501scr_74e0f2dda29239a.jpg\" alt=\"Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevada.ca.gov/our-work/mokelumne-watershed-analysis/macafullreport\">new study\u003c/a> from the U. S. Forest Service and two environmental groups finds that investing in forest management could shrink the size of wildfires and save California hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a classic case of pay me now, or pay me a lot more later when the big fires occur,” says David Edelson, the Sierra Nevada Project Director at The Nature Conservancy and a primary author on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientists from The Nature Conservancy, the Sierra Nevada Conservancy and the Forest Service concluded that forest management can save two to three times what it costs to fight and clean up after fires, and shrink the size and intensity of fires up to 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends two steps to manage forests: Thin the undergrowth by cutting down smaller trees so they won’t be able to carry the fire up into the canopy; and conduct prescribed burns to clear the underbrush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By having frequent low-severity fires the underbrush and small trees cleared out, and the risk of these kinds of destructive megafires was much lower,” says Edelson. “Currently, we’re robbing Peter to pay Paul. When there’s a huge fire, we take the money away from the pots that are used to reduce wildfire risk. We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest costs of a wildfire come from damage to homes and buildings, clean-up after the fire and the massive amount of carbon dioxide released during the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdl id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 898px\">\n\u003cdd class=\"wp-caption-dd\">Total Costs and Benefits for Fuel Treatment Scenarios\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 888px\">\u003ca style=\"background-color: #f3f3f3;text-align: center\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16433\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"888\" height=\"385\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This chart, taken from the report, compares the cost of a fuel treatment program with the money saved by preventing large wildfires, over a 30-year period. The “low” and “high” columns reflect the range of savings.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The study drew on 30 years of fire data from the Mokelumne River watershed, an area researchers said is representative of watersheds across the Sierra Nevada. Based on that history, they forecasted the rate and intensity of fires over the next 30 years under two scenarios: with forest management and without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought is drying out soils and leaving trees weakened, conditions that are conducive to megafires, say scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An event such as the Rim Fire would be more likely in these drought condition years because they are more conducive to intense burning,” says Phil Bowden, the Regional Fuels Program Manager for the U. S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">Fire scientists say\u003c/a> a lack of funding combined with a century of fire suppression has left a massive load of undergrowth in the state’s forests. Right now, the U.S. Forest Service takes fire prevention measures on about 150,000 acres of national park land in California each year; its goal is to raise that to 500,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue has long been on the agenda at the national level, as well. On April 10, the Obama administration released the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/news/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=526008\">National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy\u003c/a>, which focuses on fire prevention. For a quick breakdown of its recommendations, check out this Grist \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/news/climate-change-just-reshaped-americas-wildfire-strategy/\">article\u003c/a> by John Upton.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16457\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/6501scr_74e0f2dda29239a.jpg\" alt=\"Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevada.ca.gov/our-work/mokelumne-watershed-analysis/macafullreport\">new study\u003c/a> from the U. S. Forest Service and two environmental groups finds that investing in forest management could shrink the size of wildfires and save California hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a classic case of pay me now, or pay me a lot more later when the big fires occur,” says David Edelson, the Sierra Nevada Project Director at The Nature Conservancy and a primary author on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientists from The Nature Conservancy, the Sierra Nevada Conservancy and the Forest Service concluded that forest management can save two to three times what it costs to fight and clean up after fires, and shrink the size and intensity of fires up to 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends two steps to manage forests: Thin the undergrowth by cutting down smaller trees so they won’t be able to carry the fire up into the canopy; and conduct prescribed burns to clear the underbrush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By having frequent low-severity fires the underbrush and small trees cleared out, and the risk of these kinds of destructive megafires was much lower,” says Edelson. “Currently, we’re robbing Peter to pay Paul. When there’s a huge fire, we take the money away from the pots that are used to reduce wildfire risk. We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest costs of a wildfire come from damage to homes and buildings, clean-up after the fire and the massive amount of carbon dioxide released during the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdl id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 898px\">\n\u003cdd class=\"wp-caption-dd\">Total Costs and Benefits for Fuel Treatment Scenarios\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 888px\">\u003ca style=\"background-color: #f3f3f3;text-align: center\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16433\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"888\" height=\"385\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This chart, taken from the report, compares the cost of a fuel treatment program with the money saved by preventing large wildfires, over a 30-year period. The “low” and “high” columns reflect the range of savings.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The study drew on 30 years of fire data from the Mokelumne River watershed, an area researchers said is representative of watersheds across the Sierra Nevada. Based on that history, they forecasted the rate and intensity of fires over the next 30 years under two scenarios: with forest management and without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought is drying out soils and leaving trees weakened, conditions that are conducive to megafires, say scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An event such as the Rim Fire would be more likely in these drought condition years because they are more conducive to intense burning,” says Phil Bowden, the Regional Fuels Program Manager for the U. S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">Fire scientists say\u003c/a> a lack of funding combined with a century of fire suppression has left a massive load of undergrowth in the state’s forests. Right now, the U.S. Forest Service takes fire prevention measures on about 150,000 acres of national park land in California each year; its goal is to raise that to 500,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue has long been on the agenda at the national level, as well. On April 10, the Obama administration released the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/news/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=526008\">National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy\u003c/a>, which focuses on fire prevention. For a quick breakdown of its recommendations, check out this Grist \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/news/climate-change-just-reshaped-americas-wildfire-strategy/\">article\u003c/a> by John Upton.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "During Long, Dry Summer of Drought, Nobody Wins",
"headTitle": "During Long, Dry Summer of Drought, Nobody Wins | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Healdsburg_4493.jpg\" alt=\"A woman and her dog sit by a shrunken stretch of the Russian River in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16371\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman and her dog sit by a shrunken stretch of the Russian River in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoirs and snowpack \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/03/18/into-the-drought-californias-shrinking-reservoirs/\">still far below normal\u003c/a>, state officials \u003ca href=\"http://www.ca.gov/drought/top-story-4.html\">released a plan\u003c/a> on Wednesday that outlines how they’ll manage meager water supplies during the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anybody has enjoyed the recent storm events more than I have,” said Mark Cowin, who heads the Department of Water Resources. “But it’s pretty clear that our dry and warm weather has returned and I expect that the reality of drought will become much more apparent to us all moving forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a diplomatic way of saying that water managers are walking a tightrope this year, balancing three competing needs: how much water to deliver to people and agriculture, how much to provide for wildlife and how much to save for next year, in case it’s just as dry. Here’s how they propose to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for People\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts around the state have already been warned to expect \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/21/federal-water-project-announces-deep-drought-cuts/\">no water deliveries\u003c/a> from the two main projects in California, the State Water Project and the federally operated Central Valley Project. While drinking water needs would be met, agricultural water would be cut, leading many farmers to fallow some of their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent storms have lifted conditions out of the worst-cast scenario for which the state was planning. So far, that extra water is earmarked for two purposes. Some is going to water districts that were already owed water from last year, because at the time, they opted to carry the supply over to this year instead of using it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water is going to holders of “senior” water rights. Under California’s complex system of rights, they’re first in line to have their needs met. That includes rights holders on the Feather River, north of Sacramento, and San Joaquin River exchange contractors in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to how much districts with “junior” rights will get, state officials left the door open on what their final water deliveries would be, saying they’re still analyzing the effects of recent storms on the \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/01/sierra-snowpack-better-but-far-from-whats-needed-for-drought/\">Sierra snowpack\u003c/a>, and that a reassessment may come later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for Wildlife\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is also suspending some rules designed to protect endangered salmon and fish in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>. The standards specify the amount of freshwater in the ecosystem, as well as the quality and temperature – all factors that help chinook salmon, steelhead and Delta smelt survive and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This proposal falls far short of being a balanced plan,” says Kate Poole of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “It calls for the Central Valley Project and State Water Project to violate upstream water temperature requirements, waive water quality standards and violate pumping restrictions in the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”912fb154015396400e782621b5625d64″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we’re doing is finding maximum flexibility under existing law and trying to balance multiple needs in a third dry year,” said Chuck Bonham of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toll on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/12/drought-leads-to-tough-tradeoffs-for-california-salmon/\">endangered winter-run chinook salmon\u003c/a> could be substantial. Adult salmon lay their eggs in the Sacramento River during the summer. To survive, the eggs and young salmon rely on cold water, which is released from Shasta Dam. Under the worst-case scenario, water in the river would be too warm for salmon by the end of the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a serious situation for that species,” says Maria Rea of NOAA Fisheries. The plan includes increased monitoring of salmon. Rea says they’re also looking at producing more young hatchery salmon and potentially rescuing salmon in the river and relocating them to new habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife refuges and wetlands, a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break/\">crucial stopover for migratory birds\u003c/a>, will receive 15-to-30 percent of their water supply. “We’re looking at very wet conditions in the Midwest and Canada,” said Bonham. “We anticipate a whole heck of a lot of birds coming to California and they’ll be looking down at some of the driest habitat they’ve seen in decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for Next Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the state faces a growing chorus of demands for water this year, officials are also planning to bank water, in case 2015 is an equally dry year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we consider any increase in allocations, one of our priorities will be to ensure we have enough water to meet those 2015 needs,” said Cowin. Demand for drinking water from state and federal projects could be even higher next year, as water districts lean heavily on local supplies to meet needs this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan calls for 1 million acre-feet of water to be reserved in Lake Oroville this year. (One acre-foot is about 325,000 gallons, about what two California household use in a year.) Federal reservoirs will hold 1.4-to-1.9 million acre-feet of water to carry over into next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current plan doesn’t factor in a possible El Niño, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25208082/california-drought-rare-good-news-storms-move-and\">some early indications\u003c/a> show could create wet conditions this winter. “Clearly, we’d love an El Niño or any other weather condition that improves the drought situation but we’re not going to bet on that,” says Cowin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials stressed that the plan is a framework for water operations this summer, but could change as demands and priorities shift.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Healdsburg_4493.jpg\" alt=\"A woman and her dog sit by a shrunken stretch of the Russian River in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16371\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman and her dog sit by a shrunken stretch of the Russian River in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoirs and snowpack \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/03/18/into-the-drought-californias-shrinking-reservoirs/\">still far below normal\u003c/a>, state officials \u003ca href=\"http://www.ca.gov/drought/top-story-4.html\">released a plan\u003c/a> on Wednesday that outlines how they’ll manage meager water supplies during the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anybody has enjoyed the recent storm events more than I have,” said Mark Cowin, who heads the Department of Water Resources. “But it’s pretty clear that our dry and warm weather has returned and I expect that the reality of drought will become much more apparent to us all moving forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a diplomatic way of saying that water managers are walking a tightrope this year, balancing three competing needs: how much water to deliver to people and agriculture, how much to provide for wildlife and how much to save for next year, in case it’s just as dry. Here’s how they propose to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for People\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts around the state have already been warned to expect \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/21/federal-water-project-announces-deep-drought-cuts/\">no water deliveries\u003c/a> from the two main projects in California, the State Water Project and the federally operated Central Valley Project. While drinking water needs would be met, agricultural water would be cut, leading many farmers to fallow some of their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent storms have lifted conditions out of the worst-cast scenario for which the state was planning. So far, that extra water is earmarked for two purposes. Some is going to water districts that were already owed water from last year, because at the time, they opted to carry the supply over to this year instead of using it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water is going to holders of “senior” water rights. Under California’s complex system of rights, they’re first in line to have their needs met. That includes rights holders on the Feather River, north of Sacramento, and San Joaquin River exchange contractors in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to how much districts with “junior” rights will get, state officials left the door open on what their final water deliveries would be, saying they’re still analyzing the effects of recent storms on the \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/01/sierra-snowpack-better-but-far-from-whats-needed-for-drought/\">Sierra snowpack\u003c/a>, and that a reassessment may come later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for Wildlife\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is also suspending some rules designed to protect endangered salmon and fish in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>. The standards specify the amount of freshwater in the ecosystem, as well as the quality and temperature – all factors that help chinook salmon, steelhead and Delta smelt survive and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This proposal falls far short of being a balanced plan,” says Kate Poole of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “It calls for the Central Valley Project and State Water Project to violate upstream water temperature requirements, waive water quality standards and violate pumping restrictions in the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we’re doing is finding maximum flexibility under existing law and trying to balance multiple needs in a third dry year,” said Chuck Bonham of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toll on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/12/drought-leads-to-tough-tradeoffs-for-california-salmon/\">endangered winter-run chinook salmon\u003c/a> could be substantial. Adult salmon lay their eggs in the Sacramento River during the summer. To survive, the eggs and young salmon rely on cold water, which is released from Shasta Dam. Under the worst-case scenario, water in the river would be too warm for salmon by the end of the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a serious situation for that species,” says Maria Rea of NOAA Fisheries. The plan includes increased monitoring of salmon. Rea says they’re also looking at producing more young hatchery salmon and potentially rescuing salmon in the river and relocating them to new habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife refuges and wetlands, a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break/\">crucial stopover for migratory birds\u003c/a>, will receive 15-to-30 percent of their water supply. “We’re looking at very wet conditions in the Midwest and Canada,” said Bonham. “We anticipate a whole heck of a lot of birds coming to California and they’ll be looking down at some of the driest habitat they’ve seen in decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for Next Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the state faces a growing chorus of demands for water this year, officials are also planning to bank water, in case 2015 is an equally dry year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we consider any increase in allocations, one of our priorities will be to ensure we have enough water to meet those 2015 needs,” said Cowin. Demand for drinking water from state and federal projects could be even higher next year, as water districts lean heavily on local supplies to meet needs this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan calls for 1 million acre-feet of water to be reserved in Lake Oroville this year. (One acre-foot is about 325,000 gallons, about what two California household use in a year.) Federal reservoirs will hold 1.4-to-1.9 million acre-feet of water to carry over into next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current plan doesn’t factor in a possible El Niño, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25208082/california-drought-rare-good-news-storms-move-and\">some early indications\u003c/a> show could create wet conditions this winter. “Clearly, we’d love an El Niño or any other weather condition that improves the drought situation but we’re not going to bet on that,” says Cowin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials stressed that the plan is a framework for water operations this summer, but could change as demands and priorities shift.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Cold, Then Dry: Dealing California Citrus Farmers a Double Punch",
"headTitle": "Cold, Then Dry: Dealing California Citrus Farmers a Double Punch | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>These are magic weeks in the groves of the Central Valley citrus belt, a time when orchards are buzzing with honeybees and redolent with the heady, sweet smell of orange blossoms. But around the Tulare County town of Terra Bella, farmers like Matt Fisher smell doom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want all these flowers,” Fisher says, reaching into a tree and knocking off some blossoms. “The reason this tree is blooming so hard, is because the tree by nature wants to come out fighting from a freeze.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16309\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16309\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Terra-Bella-4-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Jeff Fisher and his wife invested their life savings in 40 acres of citrus in Terra Bella, only to be hit with a devastating freeze last winter, and the drought this year. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Fisher and his wife invested their life savings in 40 acres of citrus in Terra Bella, only to be hit with a devastating freeze last winter, and the drought this year. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201401060850/b\">cold snap\u003c/a> last December \u003ca title=\"LAT - post\" href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2014/feb/03/business/la-fi-mo-citrus-damage-20140203\">hit this area hard\u003c/a> and dried up lots of Fisher’s fruit. Many of his baby mandarin trees are still brown and fried. The surviving orange trees face a double-whammy: first the freeze, now no irrigation water whatsoever to keep them alive as they move into the spring and summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trees are already starting to go into a wilt,” says Fisher. “You see the leaves are curling. These trees are just running out of gas. It’s hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisher farms in the \u003ca title=\"USBR - doc\" href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/watershare/wcplans/2013/Terra_Bella%20.pdf\">Terra Bella Irrigation District\u003c/a>, which is in an especially tight spot. Farmers in other parts of the San Joaquin Valley may decide not to plant tomatoes or onions this year. But in Terra Bella, the main crops are citrus and pistachio trees. Not watering them could cripple the local farm economy for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’ve literally just got to watch your trees go into a dead wilt, turn brown, and that’s it.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Unlike other parts of California’s farm belt, Terra Bella has almost no groundwater. Now Terra Bella’s 600 farmers have gotten some shattering news. For the first time ever, they’re likely to get \u003ca title=\"USBR - release\" href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/newsrelease/detail.cfm?RecordID=46045\">no water this year\u003c/a> from the federally-operated \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Friant-Kern Canal\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friant-Kern_Canal\">Friant-Kern canal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have any well water, so we’re waiting on rain, and that’s it,” says Fisher. “The noose is tightening around our necks, more and more every day. You’ve literally just got to watch your trees go into a dead wilt, turn brown, and that’s it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers in this part of the valley have always enjoyed priority rights to the water that comes from the federal canals. But last month, authorities here sealed the water connections to all farms in the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisher opens up the lid to his water meter to show me a wire wrapped around the spigot, hooked to a green tag that reads, “No irrigation water is available this year. Illegal use of irrigation water is subject to penalties. Your meter has been sealed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16313\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Terra-Bella-7-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"The Terra Bella Irrigation District has put a physical seal on the spigots that deliver water to farmers. There is a $10,000 penalty for breaking the seal. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Terra Bella Irrigation District has put a physical seal on the spigots that deliver water to farmers. There is a $10,000 penalty for breaking the seal. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The irrigation district is levying some hefty fines, including a $10,000 penalty for cutting the seal. But with Terra Bella’s $100 million citrus crop at stake, irrigation district manager Sean Geivet knows a $10,000 fine may not be enough of a deterrent to keep farmers from breaking the seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard rumors that it may be worth paying the penalties to keep your trees alive, so we’ll see how it works,” says Geivet, standing in the pump house that usually sends canal water out to Terra Bella’s 7,000 acres of citrus. “I don’t want to be a water cop, but this year, that’s what we’re looking like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”040792ff5c8448f89bab0ced86ac667c”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geivet’s also looking like a banker. Desperate farmers have dropped off $4 million in checks at Geivet’s office. He’s just holding them in his safe until he can find some water to buy on their behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a projected allocation of “zero” water from the federal \u003ca title=\"USBOR - CVP\" href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Central+Valley+Project\">Central Valley Project\u003c/a>, Geivet spends nearly all his time on the phone, trying to drum up other sources of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But at zero,” he says. “There’s not even enough water in the system to try and trade things around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That zero adds up to trouble for the town of Terra Bella, where about 6,000 people rely heavily on the citrus industry – and the same irrigation canal that feeds area farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government does plan to continue supplying drinking water for residential customers here who rely on the Friant-Kern canal, but only half the usual amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We don’t know what’s going to happen with our jobs if there’s no water.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> At the irrigation district office, Patty Gutierrez tries to explain the importance of conservation to residential customers like farmworker Miguel Cortes, who comes to pay his bill in his cowboy hat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to conserve water,” Gutierrez reminds him in Spanish. “You can’t use more than 32,670 cubic feet per year.” (That’s about three-quarters of what a typical American household uses.) Customers who go beyond that in Terra Bella may face a $3,000 fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, Cortes is more worried about losing his livelihood than whether or not there’s enough water to wash his car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We depend on the work in the fields,” he says in Spanish. “We don’t know what’s going to happen with our jobs if there’s no water. What can we do? All we can do is wait for what’s coming next,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just down the road, Terra Bella resident Jose Melendez is carefully watering his plants with a coffee can. “There’s no water coming in. We’re out. I get it,” he says, pointing to the hose he once used to wash off his patio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many residents here, Melendez has two meters: one for outdoor irrigation, and one that provides filtered canal water for indoor use. And like Terra Bella famers, his outdoor irrigation meter is sealed. So now he’s having to use the more expensive drinking water for his plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s willing to do that, and to stop watering his lawn. But he wants the irrigation district to do a better job of educating residents on conservation and helping them calculate a running total of how much they are using. There’s nothing on their monthly bill that shows how close they are getting to the limit set by the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because if we don’t know. How are we supposed to really conserve?” asks Melendez. “They shouldn’t be keeping us in the dark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water district says it is sending out letters to residents about conservation, but its main concern is not household use. It’s agriculture. Farmers use more than 90 percent of the water here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/143726744&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "First the freeze, now a crippling water shortage confront citrus growers in the Central Valley.",
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"title": "Cold, Then Dry: Dealing California Citrus Farmers a Double Punch | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>These are magic weeks in the groves of the Central Valley citrus belt, a time when orchards are buzzing with honeybees and redolent with the heady, sweet smell of orange blossoms. But around the Tulare County town of Terra Bella, farmers like Matt Fisher smell doom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want all these flowers,” Fisher says, reaching into a tree and knocking off some blossoms. “The reason this tree is blooming so hard, is because the tree by nature wants to come out fighting from a freeze.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16309\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16309\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Terra-Bella-4-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Jeff Fisher and his wife invested their life savings in 40 acres of citrus in Terra Bella, only to be hit with a devastating freeze last winter, and the drought this year. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Matt Fisher and his wife invested their life savings in 40 acres of citrus in Terra Bella, only to be hit with a devastating freeze last winter, and the drought this year. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201401060850/b\">cold snap\u003c/a> last December \u003ca title=\"LAT - post\" href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2014/feb/03/business/la-fi-mo-citrus-damage-20140203\">hit this area hard\u003c/a> and dried up lots of Fisher’s fruit. Many of his baby mandarin trees are still brown and fried. The surviving orange trees face a double-whammy: first the freeze, now no irrigation water whatsoever to keep them alive as they move into the spring and summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trees are already starting to go into a wilt,” says Fisher. “You see the leaves are curling. These trees are just running out of gas. It’s hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisher farms in the \u003ca title=\"USBR - doc\" href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/mp/watershare/wcplans/2013/Terra_Bella%20.pdf\">Terra Bella Irrigation District\u003c/a>, which is in an especially tight spot. Farmers in other parts of the San Joaquin Valley may decide not to plant tomatoes or onions this year. But in Terra Bella, the main crops are citrus and pistachio trees. Not watering them could cripple the local farm economy for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’ve literally just got to watch your trees go into a dead wilt, turn brown, and that’s it.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Unlike other parts of California’s farm belt, Terra Bella has almost no groundwater. Now Terra Bella’s 600 farmers have gotten some shattering news. For the first time ever, they’re likely to get \u003ca title=\"USBR - release\" href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/newsroom/newsrelease/detail.cfm?RecordID=46045\">no water this year\u003c/a> from the federally-operated \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Friant-Kern Canal\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friant-Kern_Canal\">Friant-Kern canal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have any well water, so we’re waiting on rain, and that’s it,” says Fisher. “The noose is tightening around our necks, more and more every day. You’ve literally just got to watch your trees go into a dead wilt, turn brown, and that’s it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers in this part of the valley have always enjoyed priority rights to the water that comes from the federal canals. But last month, authorities here sealed the water connections to all farms in the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisher opens up the lid to his water meter to show me a wire wrapped around the spigot, hooked to a green tag that reads, “No irrigation water is available this year. Illegal use of irrigation water is subject to penalties. Your meter has been sealed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16313\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Terra-Bella-7-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"The Terra Bella Irrigation District has put a physical seal on the spigots that deliver water to farmers. There is a $10,000 penalty for breaking the seal. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Terra Bella Irrigation District has put a physical seal on the spigots that deliver water to farmers. There is a $10,000 penalty for breaking the seal. (Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The irrigation district is levying some hefty fines, including a $10,000 penalty for cutting the seal. But with Terra Bella’s $100 million citrus crop at stake, irrigation district manager Sean Geivet knows a $10,000 fine may not be enough of a deterrent to keep farmers from breaking the seals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard rumors that it may be worth paying the penalties to keep your trees alive, so we’ll see how it works,” says Geivet, standing in the pump house that usually sends canal water out to Terra Bella’s 7,000 acres of citrus. “I don’t want to be a water cop, but this year, that’s what we’re looking like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geivet’s also looking like a banker. Desperate farmers have dropped off $4 million in checks at Geivet’s office. He’s just holding them in his safe until he can find some water to buy on their behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a projected allocation of “zero” water from the federal \u003ca title=\"USBOR - CVP\" href=\"https://www.usbr.gov/projects/Project.jsp?proj_Name=Central+Valley+Project\">Central Valley Project\u003c/a>, Geivet spends nearly all his time on the phone, trying to drum up other sources of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But at zero,” he says. “There’s not even enough water in the system to try and trade things around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That zero adds up to trouble for the town of Terra Bella, where about 6,000 people rely heavily on the citrus industry – and the same irrigation canal that feeds area farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government does plan to continue supplying drinking water for residential customers here who rely on the Friant-Kern canal, but only half the usual amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We don’t know what’s going to happen with our jobs if there’s no water.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> At the irrigation district office, Patty Gutierrez tries to explain the importance of conservation to residential customers like farmworker Miguel Cortes, who comes to pay his bill in his cowboy hat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to conserve water,” Gutierrez reminds him in Spanish. “You can’t use more than 32,670 cubic feet per year.” (That’s about three-quarters of what a typical American household uses.) Customers who go beyond that in Terra Bella may face a $3,000 fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, Cortes is more worried about losing his livelihood than whether or not there’s enough water to wash his car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We depend on the work in the fields,” he says in Spanish. “We don’t know what’s going to happen with our jobs if there’s no water. What can we do? All we can do is wait for what’s coming next,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just down the road, Terra Bella resident Jose Melendez is carefully watering his plants with a coffee can. “There’s no water coming in. We’re out. I get it,” he says, pointing to the hose he once used to wash off his patio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many residents here, Melendez has two meters: one for outdoor irrigation, and one that provides filtered canal water for indoor use. And like Terra Bella famers, his outdoor irrigation meter is sealed. So now he’s having to use the more expensive drinking water for his plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s willing to do that, and to stop watering his lawn. But he wants the irrigation district to do a better job of educating residents on conservation and helping them calculate a running total of how much they are using. There’s nothing on their monthly bill that shows how close they are getting to the limit set by the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because if we don’t know. How are we supposed to really conserve?” asks Melendez. “They shouldn’t be keeping us in the dark.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water district says it is sending out letters to residents about conservation, but its main concern is not household use. It’s agriculture. Farmers use more than 90 percent of the water here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Farmers Look to Oil Industry for Water",
"headTitle": "California Farmers Look to Oil Industry for Water | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/04/20140407science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16174\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron1-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16174\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Water from Chevron's Kern River oil field supplies orchards near Bakersfield. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water from Chevron’s Kern River oil field supplies almond orchards near Bakersfield. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoirs running low, many Central Valley farmers are struggling to keep their trees and crops alive this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the southern San Joaquin Valley, some are getting extra water from an unlikely source: the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the third largest oil-producing state in the country, extracting roughly 200 million barrels a year. But in the process of getting oil, companies also produce massive volumes of water, found naturally in the same underground formations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To produce one barrel of oil, we produce about nine barrels of water,” says Chevron’s Thep Smith, walking around the company’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=209G4bJ7A9Y\">Kern River oil field\u003c/a>, east of Bakersfield. Almost 10,000 pump jacks cover the hills. The field is more than a century old, but is still the second-most productive in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rock formations that bear oil in California are also full of briny, brackish water, leading to an old saying about oil companies in California: they’re actually water companies that get oil as a byproduct. “This is really a water plant that skims oil,” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cstrong>How Water and Oil Mix in California\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See how water\u003c/a> is part of fracking and oil production in California.\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-15920\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/KQED-Fraq-panel1-blank.jpg\" alt=\"KQED-Fraq-panel1-blank\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After the oil is separated, Chevron handles millions of gallons of water a day. The company uses about a quarter of it to enhance oil production, turning the water into steam and injecting it back into the rock formation to boost oil flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stuff here is really heavy oil,” Smith says, “kind of like molasses. At room temperature, it actually is almost solid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After using some for steam, there’s still plenty of water to get rid of. Many companies dispose of it long-term by pumping it back underground, where it’s trapped in rock layers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Pump Jacks to Produce\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the only project of its kind in the state, Chevron’s water travels several miles through a 40-inch pipe, until it arrives in a reservoir used by the Cawelo Water District. Chevron provides up to a quarter of the water district’s supply each year, around 26,000 acre-feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we have this water coming in, it’s a tremendous bonus,” says David Ansolabehere, general manager of the irrigation district, near Bakersfield. “We deliver water to about 45,000 acres, about 95 percent permanent crops which are nut trees, citrus and vineyards,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district mixes Chevron’s water with an equal amount of freshwater, until it reaches a quality that works for local orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t deliver it straight,” Ansolabehere says. “It has too much salt, but we blend it down and then it’s irrigation quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16177\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Water from Chevron arrives in a reservoir that serves the Cawelo Water District. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water from Chevron gushes out of a pipeline in a reservoir that serves the Cawelo Water District. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During this year’s drought, it’s the district’s only reliable supply, since water deliveries from state and federal water projects have been cut completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be very tough,” Ansolabehere says. “We’re looking at just making sure the landowners can keep their trees alive this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Central Valley water districts are in the same boat right now, which is why Ansolabehere says there’s been a lot of interest in this recycling project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lately, I’ve been getting a lot of phone calls,” he says, “meeting with people that want to do the same type of thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oil Industry as Water Source, Not Sink\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and agriculture have long been neighbors in Kern County. And it hasn’t been lost on farmers that while their water supplies are going dry this year, the industry next door is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\">swimming in billions of gallons\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s especially true on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, where many water districts rely almost entirely on tenuous supplies imported from elsewhere in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”54626724379a9606d2f66d79412499c5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have tremendous water resources that are a byproduct of oil production,” says Tupper Hull of the Western States Petroleum Association, an oil industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very conceivable that in the very near future,” Hull says, “oil production could be a net provider of water for California ag and other purposes, as opposed to a consumer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents have criticized the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/with-drought-new-scrutiny-over-frackings-water-use/\">oil industry’s use of water\u003c/a>, largely because the controversial oil extraction technique known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, consumes freshwater. Recycling water would offset that use, but to duplicate Chevron’s project in other parts of the state, the industry would face significant hurdles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>High Water Treatment Costs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the problems they’ve seen at that project is very high arsenic levels in the water,” says Kassie Siegel of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>, an environmental advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few years ago, Chevron released water from the Kern River field into a local creek during the winter, when demand from farmers was low. The water wasn’t diluted and the company was fined by the regional water quality control board for violating limits on arsenic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just shows again that there’s no safe way to deal with the oil and gas wastewater,” Siegel says. “Every single method that has been proposed and used has real risks and health harms associated with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron3-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron3-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Chevron's Kern River oil field produces millions of gallons of water a day. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chevron’s Kern River field produces millions of gallons of brackish water a day as a byproduct of oil extraction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dealing with contaminants could be even tougher in other oil fields. “The water that’s here at Kern River field is at an almost near freshwater quality,” says Chevron’s Abby Auffant, “and that is different from water elsewhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water produced in the company’s other fields is significantly saltier and would need to go through a treatment process like reverse osmosis, which adds cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we were able to identify a cost-effective manner in which to treat the water,” Auffant says, “it’s certainly something that we would be interested in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It’s very conceivable that in the very near future, oil production could be a net provider of water.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The economic case improves in drought years when water prices are sky-high, but drought economics only last so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally the water’s going for $30-40 an acre-foot,” says Ansolabehere. “When it costs you $500 to treat it, there’s not really a market except for years like this and then you can’t get the treatment in place in time to really make any effect. So you have to think a couple years ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As technology advances and reduces those costs, he adds, it becomes more likely that water recycling projects would come together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, the drought has added new urgency, as a reminder of the state’s limited water resources. “I think as the resource becomes more strained, people look to these other sources as a solution,” says Harry Starkey, general manager of the West Kern Water District, west of Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That conversation is happening on the west side,” Starkey says. “It’ll be interesting to see if you can get oil companies, that tend to be very private, to engage. Getting those two to partner up in those regards – they’re different classmates. It’s a matter of building trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s something many farmers are watching closely, as they face the long, dry summer ahead.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As water supplies tighten for California farmers, some are looking to an unlikely new source: a water recycling project in one of the state's oldest oil fields.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16174\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron1-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16174\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Water from Chevron's Kern River oil field supplies orchards near Bakersfield. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water from Chevron’s Kern River oil field supplies almond orchards near Bakersfield. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoirs running low, many Central Valley farmers are struggling to keep their trees and crops alive this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the southern San Joaquin Valley, some are getting extra water from an unlikely source: the oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the third largest oil-producing state in the country, extracting roughly 200 million barrels a year. But in the process of getting oil, companies also produce massive volumes of water, found naturally in the same underground formations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To produce one barrel of oil, we produce about nine barrels of water,” says Chevron’s Thep Smith, walking around the company’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=209G4bJ7A9Y\">Kern River oil field\u003c/a>, east of Bakersfield. Almost 10,000 pump jacks cover the hills. The field is more than a century old, but is still the second-most productive in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rock formations that bear oil in California are also full of briny, brackish water, leading to an old saying about oil companies in California: they’re actually water companies that get oil as a byproduct. “This is really a water plant that skims oil,” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cstrong>How Water and Oil Mix in California\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">See how water\u003c/a> is part of fracking and oil production in California.\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-15920\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/KQED-Fraq-panel1-blank.jpg\" alt=\"KQED-Fraq-panel1-blank\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After the oil is separated, Chevron handles millions of gallons of water a day. The company uses about a quarter of it to enhance oil production, turning the water into steam and injecting it back into the rock formation to boost oil flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stuff here is really heavy oil,” Smith says, “kind of like molasses. At room temperature, it actually is almost solid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After using some for steam, there’s still plenty of water to get rid of. Many companies dispose of it long-term by pumping it back underground, where it’s trapped in rock layers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Pump Jacks to Produce\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the only project of its kind in the state, Chevron’s water travels several miles through a 40-inch pipe, until it arrives in a reservoir used by the Cawelo Water District. Chevron provides up to a quarter of the water district’s supply each year, around 26,000 acre-feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that we have this water coming in, it’s a tremendous bonus,” says David Ansolabehere, general manager of the irrigation district, near Bakersfield. “We deliver water to about 45,000 acres, about 95 percent permanent crops which are nut trees, citrus and vineyards,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district mixes Chevron’s water with an equal amount of freshwater, until it reaches a quality that works for local orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t deliver it straight,” Ansolabehere says. “It has too much salt, but we blend it down and then it’s irrigation quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16177\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Water from Chevron arrives in a reservoir that serves the Cawelo Water District. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water from Chevron gushes out of a pipeline in a reservoir that serves the Cawelo Water District. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During this year’s drought, it’s the district’s only reliable supply, since water deliveries from state and federal water projects have been cut completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be very tough,” Ansolabehere says. “We’re looking at just making sure the landowners can keep their trees alive this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Central Valley water districts are in the same boat right now, which is why Ansolabehere says there’s been a lot of interest in this recycling project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lately, I’ve been getting a lot of phone calls,” he says, “meeting with people that want to do the same type of thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oil Industry as Water Source, Not Sink\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and agriculture have long been neighbors in Kern County. And it hasn’t been lost on farmers that while their water supplies are going dry this year, the industry next door is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/31/how-water-and-oil-mix-in-california/\">swimming in billions of gallons\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s especially true on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley, where many water districts rely almost entirely on tenuous supplies imported from elsewhere in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have tremendous water resources that are a byproduct of oil production,” says Tupper Hull of the Western States Petroleum Association, an oil industry group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very conceivable that in the very near future,” Hull says, “oil production could be a net provider of water for California ag and other purposes, as opposed to a consumer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents have criticized the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/with-drought-new-scrutiny-over-frackings-water-use/\">oil industry’s use of water\u003c/a>, largely because the controversial oil extraction technique known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, consumes freshwater. Recycling water would offset that use, but to duplicate Chevron’s project in other parts of the state, the industry would face significant hurdles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>High Water Treatment Costs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the problems they’ve seen at that project is very high arsenic levels in the water,” says Kassie Siegel of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biologicaldiversity.org/\">Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/a>, an environmental advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few years ago, Chevron released water from the Kern River field into a local creek during the winter, when demand from farmers was low. The water wasn’t diluted and the company was fined by the regional water quality control board for violating limits on arsenic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just shows again that there’s no safe way to deal with the oil and gas wastewater,” Siegel says. “Every single method that has been proposed and used has real risks and health harms associated with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron3-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Chevron3-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Chevron's Kern River oil field produces millions of gallons of water a day. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chevron’s Kern River field produces millions of gallons of brackish water a day as a byproduct of oil extraction. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dealing with contaminants could be even tougher in other oil fields. “The water that’s here at Kern River field is at an almost near freshwater quality,” says Chevron’s Abby Auffant, “and that is different from water elsewhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water produced in the company’s other fields is significantly saltier and would need to go through a treatment process like reverse osmosis, which adds cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we were able to identify a cost-effective manner in which to treat the water,” Auffant says, “it’s certainly something that we would be interested in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It’s very conceivable that in the very near future, oil production could be a net provider of water.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The economic case improves in drought years when water prices are sky-high, but drought economics only last so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally the water’s going for $30-40 an acre-foot,” says Ansolabehere. “When it costs you $500 to treat it, there’s not really a market except for years like this and then you can’t get the treatment in place in time to really make any effect. So you have to think a couple years ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As technology advances and reduces those costs, he adds, it becomes more likely that water recycling projects would come together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many, the drought has added new urgency, as a reminder of the state’s limited water resources. “I think as the resource becomes more strained, people look to these other sources as a solution,” says Harry Starkey, general manager of the West Kern Water District, west of Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That conversation is happening on the west side,” Starkey says. “It’ll be interesting to see if you can get oil companies, that tend to be very private, to engage. Getting those two to partner up in those regards – they’re different classmates. It’s a matter of building trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s something many farmers are watching closely, as they face the long, dry summer ahead.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Blood Moon: A Chance to Watch a Total Lunar Eclipse",
"headTitle": "Blood Moon: A Chance to Watch a Total Lunar Eclipse | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16212\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16212\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Lunar-Eclipse-08-28-07-composite-8bt-small.jpg\" alt=\"Total lunar eclipse August, 28th, 2007. Credit: Conrad Jung\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Total lunar eclipse on August 28th, 2007. (Conrad Jung/Chabot Space and Science Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents will be able to watch one of the moon’s most remarkable displays \u003ca href=\"http://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2014-april-15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">late on the night of April 14 and early, early on the morning of April 15\u003c/a> when the shadow of Earth crosses the moon in a total lunar eclipse. A cosmic dance between Earth, sun and moon, this total lunar eclipse will be the first in three years to be visible here, weather permitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Is a Total Lunar Eclipse?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>When to watch:\u003c/strong> The eclipse starts at 10:58 p.m. PST. At 12:07 a.m. the total eclipse phase begins. Earth will block the sun completely until 1:25 a.m., and then the moon travels through the semi-shadow until 2:33 a.m.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Where to watch:\u003c/strong> Just go outside. You can see the eclipse from wherever you can usually see the moon.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> During a total lunar eclipse, Earth passes exactly between the full moon and the sun. As the celestial bodies move, the full moon enters Earth’s shadow until it is completely covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may wonder, since the moon is constantly orbiting around the Earth, why there isn’t a lunar eclipse every month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It turns out the orbit of the moon is tilted relative to the orbit of the Earth around the sun so it doesn’t happen regularly,” says Andrew Fraknoi, Astronomy Department Chair at Foothill College. “Only when the two orbits cross—the orbit of the moon around the Earth and the orbit of the Earth around the sun—can you have an eclipse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a visualization of what will be happening in space, check out this animated video from NASA, explaining the movements of celestial bodies during the total lunar eclipse on June 15, 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuhNZejHeBg\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where and When Can I Watch It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on the night of April 14, the moon will have risen far above the horizon line when it enters Earth’s shadow, so the timing of this eclipse will make it remarkably accessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s clear Monday evening and Tuesday morning,” Fraknoi says, “there should be a spectacular eclipse, pretty high in the sky so that anyone with a good view of the sky can see it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’d like to join a large watching party, you can grab at ticket for the viewing event at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/calendar.htm?date=4-14-2014&p=1439355\">Chabot Space and Science Center\u003c/a> or perhaps gather with neighbors on a hill near your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the eclipse will start at 10:58 p.m., when the moon enters the penumbra of Earth, or the semi-shadow. Then at 12:07 a.m., the moon enters Earth’s umbra, directly in line with the sun, and the total eclipse phase begins. Earth will block the sun completely until 1:25 a.m., and then the moon travels through the semi-shadow until 2:33 a.m., when it finally emerges again to reflect the sun’s light. The whole event will last 3 hours and 35 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Blood Moon Effect\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moon during a total lunar eclipse is also called a “blood moon” because, rather than turning dark when Earth’s shadow passes over it, the moon turns a rusty red or brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That color comes from the rays of sunlight peeking around the edges of Earth, through its atmosphere. Colors with a shorter wavelength, like the blues, scatter as they hit Earth’s atmosphere, whereas colors with longer wavelengths like red, bend and reach the moon, casting a reddish glow across its surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rich color also tells us there are a lot of particles thickening the atmosphere. “The more sooty the atmosphere,” Fraknoi says, “the better this reddening effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coming Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s actually an eclipse season roughly every six months when it’s possible to see either a solar or a lunar eclipse. This total lunar eclipse is the first of four in a row, what astronomers call a tetrad. The other three total lunar eclipses will occur on October 8th, 2014, April 4th, 2015, and September 28th, 2015, and all will be visible in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get your fill because after that, the next total lunar eclipse won’t occur until 2018, and we won’t see another tetrad until 2032-33.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16212\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16212\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Lunar-Eclipse-08-28-07-composite-8bt-small.jpg\" alt=\"Total lunar eclipse August, 28th, 2007. Credit: Conrad Jung\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Total lunar eclipse on August 28th, 2007. (Conrad Jung/Chabot Space and Science Center)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents will be able to watch one of the moon’s most remarkable displays \u003ca href=\"http://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2014-april-15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">late on the night of April 14 and early, early on the morning of April 15\u003c/a> when the shadow of Earth crosses the moon in a total lunar eclipse. A cosmic dance between Earth, sun and moon, this total lunar eclipse will be the first in three years to be visible here, weather permitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Is a Total Lunar Eclipse?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>When to watch:\u003c/strong> The eclipse starts at 10:58 p.m. PST. At 12:07 a.m. the total eclipse phase begins. Earth will block the sun completely until 1:25 a.m., and then the moon travels through the semi-shadow until 2:33 a.m.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Where to watch:\u003c/strong> Just go outside. You can see the eclipse from wherever you can usually see the moon.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> During a total lunar eclipse, Earth passes exactly between the full moon and the sun. As the celestial bodies move, the full moon enters Earth’s shadow until it is completely covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may wonder, since the moon is constantly orbiting around the Earth, why there isn’t a lunar eclipse every month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It turns out the orbit of the moon is tilted relative to the orbit of the Earth around the sun so it doesn’t happen regularly,” says Andrew Fraknoi, Astronomy Department Chair at Foothill College. “Only when the two orbits cross—the orbit of the moon around the Earth and the orbit of the Earth around the sun—can you have an eclipse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a visualization of what will be happening in space, check out this animated video from NASA, explaining the movements of celestial bodies during the total lunar eclipse on June 15, 2011.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/wuhNZejHeBg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/wuhNZejHeBg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where and When Can I Watch It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on the night of April 14, the moon will have risen far above the horizon line when it enters Earth’s shadow, so the timing of this eclipse will make it remarkably accessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s clear Monday evening and Tuesday morning,” Fraknoi says, “there should be a spectacular eclipse, pretty high in the sky so that anyone with a good view of the sky can see it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’d like to join a large watching party, you can grab at ticket for the viewing event at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/calendar.htm?date=4-14-2014&p=1439355\">Chabot Space and Science Center\u003c/a> or perhaps gather with neighbors on a hill near your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, the eclipse will start at 10:58 p.m., when the moon enters the penumbra of Earth, or the semi-shadow. Then at 12:07 a.m., the moon enters Earth’s umbra, directly in line with the sun, and the total eclipse phase begins. Earth will block the sun completely until 1:25 a.m., and then the moon travels through the semi-shadow until 2:33 a.m., when it finally emerges again to reflect the sun’s light. The whole event will last 3 hours and 35 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Blood Moon Effect\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moon during a total lunar eclipse is also called a “blood moon” because, rather than turning dark when Earth’s shadow passes over it, the moon turns a rusty red or brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That color comes from the rays of sunlight peeking around the edges of Earth, through its atmosphere. Colors with a shorter wavelength, like the blues, scatter as they hit Earth’s atmosphere, whereas colors with longer wavelengths like red, bend and reach the moon, casting a reddish glow across its surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rich color also tells us there are a lot of particles thickening the atmosphere. “The more sooty the atmosphere,” Fraknoi says, “the better this reddening effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coming Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s actually an eclipse season roughly every six months when it’s possible to see either a solar or a lunar eclipse. This total lunar eclipse is the first of four in a row, what astronomers call a tetrad. The other three total lunar eclipses will occur on October 8th, 2014, April 4th, 2015, and September 28th, 2015, and all will be visible in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get your fill because after that, the next total lunar eclipse won’t occur until 2018, and we won’t see another tetrad until 2032-33.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "NASA's LADEE Spacecraft Set to Crash Land on the Moon",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 717px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/LADEE.Artist-1024x768.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16134\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16134 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/LADEE.Artist-1024x768.png\" alt=\"An artist's depiction of LADEE in orbit around the moon. (Dana Berry/NASA Ames)\" width=\"717\" height=\"538\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist’s depiction of LADEE in orbit around the moon. (Dana Berry/NASA Ames)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A NASA mission designed here in the Bay Area has solved a 42-year-old mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LADEE mission – whose launch \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/03/new-nasa-moon-mission-aims-to-solve-a-40-year-old-mystery/\">we covered\u003c/a> back in September – was designed at NASA Ames in Mountain View to explain the mysterious colorful streaks that astronaut Eugene Cernan spotted from the window of Apollo 17 in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(You can read more about that, and see Cernan’s sketches of those mysterious “streamers,” \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/03/new-nasa-moon-mission-aims-to-solve-a-40-year-old-mystery/\">here\u003c/a>. And while you’re at it, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/13/nasas-ladee-spacecraft-sends-back-new-moon-images/\">take a look\u003c/a> at some of the moon pictures LADEE sent back from its travels.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LADEE (that’s LAD-ee, not “lady”) stands for \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ladee/main/#.Uz3qC_ldV8E\">Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Launched on September 6 from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, the spacecraft spent 100 days orbiting the moon, taking sips of lunar atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“A dust veil enshrouds the moon perpetually.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Those sips, NASA reported today, contained traces of magnesium, aluminum, neon, titanium – particles that are kicked up every time a meteorite slips through the moon’s thin atmosphere and crashes onto the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time a meteorite comes to the surface of the moon, it creates this ejecta-cloud,” explains NASA Ames space scientist Rick Elphic. “These particles are sent up from the surface, as if by an explosion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This dust “veil” Elphic explained, “enshrouds the moon perpetually.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, here on Earth, our robust atmosphere protects us from that fate. The LADEE findings hint at the conditions on other planets with thin atmospheres, like Mercury or the planet-formerly-known-as-Pluto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16129\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 662px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/lro_view_of_ladee_labeled_0_0.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16129\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16129 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/lro_view_of_ladee_labeled_0_0.jpg\" alt=\"That little sliver is the LADEE spacecraft, designed in Mountain View and photographed by another NASA mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. (NASA/ Goddard/Arizona State University)\" width=\"662\" height=\"662\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">That little sliver is the LADEE spacecraft, designed in Mountain View and photographed by another NASA mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. (NASA/ Goddard/Arizona State University)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>LADEE’s observations also provided reassurance that future human missions to the moon’s surface will face no hazard from the dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen means clear sailing for any future missions around there,” said Elphic.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The findings mean “clear sailing” for future human missions to the moon.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Having completed its mission, LADEE is now on a planned demolition course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 14th, LADEE will fly through a lunar eclipse. That experience could freeze the instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or LADEE could keep on collecting scientific data all the way until April 21st \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/content/take-the-plunge-ladee-impact-challenge/#.Uz3q8PldV8E\">or thereabouts\u003c/a>, when the spacecraft is expected to collide with the moon at over 3,500 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s fast enough, say scientists, to instantly “vaporize” the $280 million spacecraft.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 717px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/LADEE.Artist-1024x768.png\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16134\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16134 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/LADEE.Artist-1024x768.png\" alt=\"An artist's depiction of LADEE in orbit around the moon. (Dana Berry/NASA Ames)\" width=\"717\" height=\"538\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist’s depiction of LADEE in orbit around the moon. (Dana Berry/NASA Ames)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A NASA mission designed here in the Bay Area has solved a 42-year-old mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LADEE mission – whose launch \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/03/new-nasa-moon-mission-aims-to-solve-a-40-year-old-mystery/\">we covered\u003c/a> back in September – was designed at NASA Ames in Mountain View to explain the mysterious colorful streaks that astronaut Eugene Cernan spotted from the window of Apollo 17 in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(You can read more about that, and see Cernan’s sketches of those mysterious “streamers,” \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/09/03/new-nasa-moon-mission-aims-to-solve-a-40-year-old-mystery/\">here\u003c/a>. And while you’re at it, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/13/nasas-ladee-spacecraft-sends-back-new-moon-images/\">take a look\u003c/a> at some of the moon pictures LADEE sent back from its travels.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LADEE (that’s LAD-ee, not “lady”) stands for \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/ladee/main/#.Uz3qC_ldV8E\">Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Launched on September 6 from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, the spacecraft spent 100 days orbiting the moon, taking sips of lunar atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“A dust veil enshrouds the moon perpetually.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Those sips, NASA reported today, contained traces of magnesium, aluminum, neon, titanium – particles that are kicked up every time a meteorite slips through the moon’s thin atmosphere and crashes onto the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time a meteorite comes to the surface of the moon, it creates this ejecta-cloud,” explains NASA Ames space scientist Rick Elphic. “These particles are sent up from the surface, as if by an explosion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This dust “veil” Elphic explained, “enshrouds the moon perpetually.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, here on Earth, our robust atmosphere protects us from that fate. The LADEE findings hint at the conditions on other planets with thin atmospheres, like Mercury or the planet-formerly-known-as-Pluto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16129\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 662px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/lro_view_of_ladee_labeled_0_0.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16129\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16129 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/lro_view_of_ladee_labeled_0_0.jpg\" alt=\"That little sliver is the LADEE spacecraft, designed in Mountain View and photographed by another NASA mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. (NASA/ Goddard/Arizona State University)\" width=\"662\" height=\"662\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">That little sliver is the LADEE spacecraft, designed in Mountain View and photographed by another NASA mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. (NASA/ Goddard/Arizona State University)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>LADEE’s observations also provided reassurance that future human missions to the moon’s surface will face no hazard from the dust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen means clear sailing for any future missions around there,” said Elphic.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The findings mean “clear sailing” for future human missions to the moon.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Having completed its mission, LADEE is now on a planned demolition course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 14th, LADEE will fly through a lunar eclipse. That experience could freeze the instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or LADEE could keep on collecting scientific data all the way until April 21st \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/content/take-the-plunge-ladee-impact-challenge/#.Uz3q8PldV8E\">or thereabouts\u003c/a>, when the spacecraft is expected to collide with the moon at over 3,500 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s fast enough, say scientists, to instantly “vaporize” the $280 million spacecraft.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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