window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_20983": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_20983",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20983",
"found": true
},
"parent": 20956,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/454081604-640x431-e1408937362954.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1408937319,
"modified": 1408937319,
"caption": "A passerby stops to take a picture of damage to the Napa post office. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)",
"description": "A passerby stops to take a picture of damage to the Napa post office. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)",
"title": "454081604-640x431",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_20940": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_20940",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20940",
"found": true
},
"parent": 20918,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/shakealertgrab-e1408910332386.jpg",
"width": 460,
"height": 313
}
},
"publishDate": 1408910196,
"modified": 1408910196,
"caption": "Screengrab from UC Berkeley ShakeAlert video. ",
"description": null,
"title": "shakealertgrab",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_20889": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_20889",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20889",
"found": true
},
"parent": 20888,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/20888-thumb.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 381
}
},
"publishDate": 1408876335,
"modified": 1408876335,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Thumbnail for 20888",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_16467": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_16467",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "16467",
"found": true
},
"parent": 16416,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/chevrontanks.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1397258292,
"modified": 1397258292,
"caption": "A view of the Chevron refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)",
"description": "A view of the Chevron refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)",
"title": "chevrontanks",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_20760": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_20760",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20760",
"found": true
},
"parent": 20756,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/bird-kill-kenneth-Herdy-FLAP-2009.jpg",
"width": 618,
"height": 269
}
},
"publishDate": 1408643776,
"modified": 1408643776,
"caption": "Birds collected after colliding with buildings in Toronto 2009. (Kenneth Herdy/FLAP Canada)",
"description": "Bird window collisions",
"title": "bird-kill-kenneth-Herdy-FLAP-2009",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_20784": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_20784",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20784",
"found": true
},
"parent": 20771,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS4110_aqueduct20120131-scr1.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1408650023,
"modified": 1408650023,
"caption": "With less water weighing California down, parts of the land are rising, says a new study. (David McNew/Getty Images)",
"description": "With less water weighing California down, parts of the land are rising, says a new study. (David McNew/Getty Images)",
"title": "RS4110_aqueduct20120131-scr",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_20696": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_20696",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20696",
"found": true
},
"parent": 20683,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/monolayer_7078_crop.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1408399455,
"modified": 1408399455,
"caption": "monolayer (Daniel Potter)",
"description": null,
"title": "monolayer_7078_crop",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_20641": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_20641",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20641",
"found": true
},
"parent": 20636,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/seedling1.jpg",
"width": 1280,
"height": 720
}
},
"publishDate": 1408137653,
"modified": 1408137653,
"caption": "A pine tree seedling emerges in a burned area of the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)",
"description": null,
"title": "seedling",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_20614": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_20614",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20614",
"found": true
},
"parent": 20544,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/5264550029_a664d91bab_z.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 427
}
},
"publishDate": 1408056515,
"modified": 1408056515,
"caption": "The waxy surface on the agave helps it retain water. ( John Loo/Flickr)\n",
"description": "The waxy surface on the agave helps it retain water. ( John Loo/Flickr)",
"title": "5264550029_a664d91bab_z",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_20557": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_20557",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20557",
"found": true
},
"parent": 20554,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS1213_P1000565.jpg",
"width": 4000,
"height": 3000
}
},
"publishDate": 1407972039,
"modified": 1407972039,
"caption": "California's average temperature for January through July 2014 was the warmest ever. (Craig Miller/Climate Watch)",
"description": null,
"title": "RS1213_P1000565",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_20533": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_20533",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20533",
"found": true
},
"parent": 20515,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/crop_1945.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1407893188,
"modified": 1407893188,
"caption": "Water agencies say they're cracking down on outside watering -- but enforcement is murky. (Craig Miller)",
"description": null,
"title": "crop_1945",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_20521": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_20521",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20521",
"found": true
},
"parent": 20513,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/14167-math_maryam.jpg",
"width": 600,
"height": 400
}
},
"publishDate": 1407888942,
"modified": 1407888942,
"caption": "Stanford mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to win the Fields Medal. (Courtesy of Maryam Mirzakhani)",
"description": "Stanford mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to win the Fields Medal. (Courtesy of Maryam Mirzakhani)",
"title": "14167-math_maryam",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"mollysamuel": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "200",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "200",
"found": true
},
"name": "Molly Samuel",
"firstName": "Molly",
"lastName": "Samuel",
"slug": "mollysamuel",
"email": "msamuel@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Molly Samuel joined KQED as an intern in 2007, and since then has worked here as a reporter, producer, director and blogger. Before becoming KQED Science’s Multimedia Producer, she was a producer for Climate Watch. Molly has also reported for NPR, KALW and High Country News, and has produced audio stories for The Encyclopedia of Life and the Oakland Museum of California. She was a fellow with the Middlebury Fellowships in Environmental Journalism and a journalist-in-residence at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center. Molly has a degree in Ancient Greek from Oberlin College and is a co-founder of the record label True Panther Sounds.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_users",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Molly Samuel | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6abd3b949a89fe5109fa9917631d0b6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/mollysamuel"
},
"andrea-kissack": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "212",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "212",
"found": true
},
"name": "Andrea Kissack",
"firstName": "Andrea",
"lastName": "Kissack",
"slug": "andrea-kissack",
"email": "akissack@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Andrea has nearly three decades of experience working as a reporter, anchor, producer and editor for public radio, large market television news and CBS radio. In her current role as KQED’s Sr. Science Editor, Andrea helps lead a talented team covering science, technology, health and the environment for broadcast and digital platforms. Most recently she helped KQED launch a new, multimedia initiative covering the intersection of technology, health and medical science. She has earned a number of accolades for her work including awards from the Radio and Television News Directors Association, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and the Associated Press. Her work can be seen, and heard, on a number of networks, Including NPR, PBS, CBS and the BBC.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3eae7a251f0aee43b3c0137a636cb386?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "andreakissack",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"add_users",
"create_users",
"edit_files",
"edit_users",
"level_10",
"level_8",
"level_9",
"promote_users",
"view_cimy_extra_fields",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Andrea Kissack | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3eae7a251f0aee43b3c0137a636cb386?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/3eae7a251f0aee43b3c0137a636cb386?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/andrea-kissack"
},
"cmiller": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "221",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "221",
"found": true
},
"name": "Craig Miller",
"firstName": "Craig",
"lastName": "Miller",
"slug": "cmiller",
"email": "craig@voxterra.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"bio": "Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "voxterra",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Craig Miller | KQED",
"description": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/cmiller"
},
"laurensommer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "239",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "239",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lauren Sommer",
"firstName": "Lauren",
"lastName": "Sommer",
"slug": "laurensommer",
"email": "lsommer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor",
"manage_content_types",
"manage_taxonomies"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lauren Sommer | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laurensommer"
},
"sschilling": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "1565",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "1565",
"found": true
},
"name": "Sally Schilling",
"firstName": "Sally",
"lastName": "Schilling",
"slug": "sschilling",
"email": "sschilling@KQED.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "KQED Science intern Sally Schilling brings environmental conflicts to life by finding the people most affected by them. She’s recently told the stories of park rangers on the hunt for redwood burl poachers, and the accidental activists in Pittsburg who are fighting a proposed crude oil facility being built in their backyards. Sally is currently studying video journalism and investigative reporting at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. She grew up on an organic farm near Davis, Ca.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/de4c082ea10bfe43a4bc1996b14a3886?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Sally Schilling | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/de4c082ea10bfe43a4bc1996b14a3886?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/de4c082ea10bfe43a4bc1996b14a3886?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/sschilling"
},
"lindseyhoshaw": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "5432",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "5432",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lindsey Hoshaw",
"firstName": "Lindsey",
"lastName": "Hoshaw",
"slug": "lindseyhoshaw",
"email": "lhoshaw@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lindsey Hoshaw is a former interactive producer for KQED Science. Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twitter": "lindseyhoshaw",
"facebook": "lindsey.hoshaw.9",
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "bayareabites",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"edit_theme_options",
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_post_subscriptions",
"edit_usergroups",
"unfiltered_html",
"unfiltered_upload",
"leadcoordinator",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lindsey Hoshaw | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lindseyhoshaw"
},
"kqedscience": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6387",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6387",
"found": true
},
"name": "KQED Science",
"firstName": "KQED",
"lastName": "Science",
"slug": "kqedscience",
"email": "kqedscience@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond by the flagship Northern California PBS and NPR affiliate.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "KQED Science | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/kqedscience"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_news": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"score": 10.810295
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "News",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 257
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=news",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 257
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_20956": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20956",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20956",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1408973409000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1408973409,
"format": "aside",
"title": "South Napa Quake: What Scientists Know So Far",
"headTitle": "South Napa Quake: What Scientists Know So Far | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140825science.mp3\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">6.0-magnitude earthquake\u003c/a> that shook Napa and surrounding communities on Sunday was the largest to hit the Bay Area in 25 years. More than 100 people were treated for injuries at Queen of the Valley Hospital, streets buckled and wine bottles flew from store shelves. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20983\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/454081604-640x431-e1408937362954.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/454081604-640x431-e1408937362954.jpg\" alt=\"A passerby stops to take a picture of damage to the Napa post office. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20983\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A passerby stops to take a picture of damage to the Napa post office. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The USGS has issued an advisory that another strong temblor could happen in the area of the South Napa Earthquake in the next few days, but the chances of that are diminishing quickly. Meanwhile, scientists are still trying to find out more about the fault where Sunday’s earthquake occurred. They are focusing on the small West Napa Fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KQED Senior Science Editor spoke with Brad Aagaard, geophysicist with USGS based in Menlo Park. He explained what experts know so far.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brad Aagaard: The West Napa Fault is a fault that is mapped primarily directly west of the city of Napa, along the edge of the foothills. And as you go further south into the region of the magnitude 6.0 earthquake of Sunday morning, it’s expected at the surface to become much less. We don’t yet know whether this earthquake occurred on the West Napa Fault or just in its vicinity on a smaller structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Andrea Kissack: So you’re not even sure you know what fault line this is on yet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you know what other faults it could be connected to yet, or do you need to know what fault line it is first?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is the Franklin Fault which is mapped in this vicinity, but this also could be on an un-mapped fault that is a smaller structure that is yet to be recognized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there other dormant, little-known faults in the area and does this quake change the way you’re looking at these less known faults?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the San Francisco Bay Area we are in the middle of the San Andreas Fault system. So even the Hayward Rogers Creek Fault on the east side of the bay is really considered part of the San Andreas Fault System, and there are a lot of smaller structures that link these faults together. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can make magnitude-6.0 earthquakes on any of these smaller structures but we would not expect a magnitude-7.0 earthquake on these smaller structures. We would expect those on our primary faults such as the San Andreas Fault and the Hayward Rogers Creek Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What kind of quake was this? Can you tell me more about the mechanics of it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the Bay Area most of our faults are strike-slip faults, where one side of the fault moves laterally relative to the other side, and this is a result of our plate boundary here along the San Andreas Fault System with the Pacific plate moving to the North relative to the North American plate. With that plate motion being accommodated with one plate sliding past another that’s why most faults are accommodating that lateral motion. [contextly_sidebar id=”LdoY9ftd3tEmjEqctgGGaaV35p3SP5aC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunday’s magnitude-6.0 earthquake accommodated this side swept motion and even the alignment of the fault is very consistent with the orientation of the plate boundary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The USGS characterized this as a violent shaking quake but reports from near the epicenter really varied. Some people in American Canyon described only a moderate shaking. Why would there be such disparities?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The level of shaking is really controlled by the local ground conditions and precisely where you are relative to where the earthquake is. Locations closer to sediments — central parts of the river valleys — where the material is softer, so it tends to amplify the shaking. If you’re out in the hills, especially if you’re on hard bedrock, you tend to have more rigid material underneath you so that’s going to cause a different, lower amplitude of shaking. Also in this particular earthquake, because it was a strike-slip the energy tends to be focused along the fault. So if you’re even just a few miles perpendicular to the fault you can have very different shaking than you are if you’re aligned with the fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20995\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 625px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/quakecomparison.jpg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"625\" height=\"528\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20995\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This is the largest quake to hit the Bay Area in 25 years, how much stronger was the Loma Prieta quake and what were the similarities and differences between these two?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the Loma Prieta earthquake was a magnitude-6.9 event and even though it occurred down in the Santa Cruz mountains, closer to Santa Cruz, it did cause damage in San Francisco and Oakland and it was the Oakland area where most of the loss of life was so that sort of gives you the difference in scale between a magnitude 6.9, which releases 30 times more energy than a magnitude-6.0 earthquake. We’re seeing most of the damage of this magnitude-6.0 earthquake concentrated within about 10 kilometers or six miles of where the earthquake occurred, and this is sort of consistent with a smaller size event compared to the size event of the Loma Prieta size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There is an early warning system being piloted in California. How did it measure up in this quake?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/24/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake/\">early warning system worked\u003c/a> in this case. The prototype would have provided ten seconds of warning in the San Francisco area and that few seconds of warning is very important for people to be able to take action such as do drop, cover and hold on before the strong shaking hits them. If you’re closer to the earthquake you have less warning and so it’s a reminder that people need to be prepared to immediately take action, do a drop cover and hold on when they feel an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1008,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 21
},
"modified": 1704933084,
"excerpt": "Scientists are still trying to find out more about the fault where Sunday’s earthquake occurred. They are focusing on the small West Napa Fault. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Scientists are still trying to find out more about the fault where Sunday’s earthquake occurred. They are focusing on the small West Napa Fault. ",
"title": "South Napa Quake: What Scientists Know So Far | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "South Napa Quake: What Scientists Know So Far",
"datePublished": "2014-08-25T06:30:09-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:31:24-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "south-napa-quake-what-scientists-know-so-far",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20956/south-napa-quake-what-scientists-know-so-far",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140825science.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140825science.mp3\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">6.0-magnitude earthquake\u003c/a> that shook Napa and surrounding communities on Sunday was the largest to hit the Bay Area in 25 years. More than 100 people were treated for injuries at Queen of the Valley Hospital, streets buckled and wine bottles flew from store shelves. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20983\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/454081604-640x431-e1408937362954.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/454081604-640x431-e1408937362954.jpg\" alt=\"A passerby stops to take a picture of damage to the Napa post office. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20983\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A passerby stops to take a picture of damage to the Napa post office. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The USGS has issued an advisory that another strong temblor could happen in the area of the South Napa Earthquake in the next few days, but the chances of that are diminishing quickly. Meanwhile, scientists are still trying to find out more about the fault where Sunday’s earthquake occurred. They are focusing on the small West Napa Fault. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KQED Senior Science Editor spoke with Brad Aagaard, geophysicist with USGS based in Menlo Park. He explained what experts know so far.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brad Aagaard: The West Napa Fault is a fault that is mapped primarily directly west of the city of Napa, along the edge of the foothills. And as you go further south into the region of the magnitude 6.0 earthquake of Sunday morning, it’s expected at the surface to become much less. We don’t yet know whether this earthquake occurred on the West Napa Fault or just in its vicinity on a smaller structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Andrea Kissack: So you’re not even sure you know what fault line this is on yet?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you know what other faults it could be connected to yet, or do you need to know what fault line it is first?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is the Franklin Fault which is mapped in this vicinity, but this also could be on an un-mapped fault that is a smaller structure that is yet to be recognized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there other dormant, little-known faults in the area and does this quake change the way you’re looking at these less known faults?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the San Francisco Bay Area we are in the middle of the San Andreas Fault system. So even the Hayward Rogers Creek Fault on the east side of the bay is really considered part of the San Andreas Fault System, and there are a lot of smaller structures that link these faults together. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can make magnitude-6.0 earthquakes on any of these smaller structures but we would not expect a magnitude-7.0 earthquake on these smaller structures. We would expect those on our primary faults such as the San Andreas Fault and the Hayward Rogers Creek Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What kind of quake was this? Can you tell me more about the mechanics of it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the Bay Area most of our faults are strike-slip faults, where one side of the fault moves laterally relative to the other side, and this is a result of our plate boundary here along the San Andreas Fault System with the Pacific plate moving to the North relative to the North American plate. With that plate motion being accommodated with one plate sliding past another that’s why most faults are accommodating that lateral motion. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunday’s magnitude-6.0 earthquake accommodated this side swept motion and even the alignment of the fault is very consistent with the orientation of the plate boundary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The USGS characterized this as a violent shaking quake but reports from near the epicenter really varied. Some people in American Canyon described only a moderate shaking. Why would there be such disparities?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The level of shaking is really controlled by the local ground conditions and precisely where you are relative to where the earthquake is. Locations closer to sediments — central parts of the river valleys — where the material is softer, so it tends to amplify the shaking. If you’re out in the hills, especially if you’re on hard bedrock, you tend to have more rigid material underneath you so that’s going to cause a different, lower amplitude of shaking. Also in this particular earthquake, because it was a strike-slip the energy tends to be focused along the fault. So if you’re even just a few miles perpendicular to the fault you can have very different shaking than you are if you’re aligned with the fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20995\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 625px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/quakecomparison.jpg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"625\" height=\"528\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20995\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This is the largest quake to hit the Bay Area in 25 years, how much stronger was the Loma Prieta quake and what were the similarities and differences between these two?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the Loma Prieta earthquake was a magnitude-6.9 event and even though it occurred down in the Santa Cruz mountains, closer to Santa Cruz, it did cause damage in San Francisco and Oakland and it was the Oakland area where most of the loss of life was so that sort of gives you the difference in scale between a magnitude 6.9, which releases 30 times more energy than a magnitude-6.0 earthquake. We’re seeing most of the damage of this magnitude-6.0 earthquake concentrated within about 10 kilometers or six miles of where the earthquake occurred, and this is sort of consistent with a smaller size event compared to the size event of the Loma Prieta size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There is an early warning system being piloted in California. How did it measure up in this quake?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/24/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake/\">early warning system worked\u003c/a> in this case. The prototype would have provided ten seconds of warning in the San Francisco area and that few seconds of warning is very important for people to be able to take action such as do drop, cover and hold on before the strong shaking hits them. If you’re closer to the earthquake you have less warning and so it’s a reminder that people need to be prepared to immediately take action, do a drop cover and hold on when they feel an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20956/south-napa-quake-what-scientists-know-so-far",
"authors": [
"212"
],
"categories": [
"science_38",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_257",
"science_64",
"science_1842",
"science_1841",
"science_838"
],
"featImg": "science_20983",
"label": "science"
},
"science_20918": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20918",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20918",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1408909889000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1408909889,
"format": "aside",
"title": "UC Berkeley System Gave Early Warning of South Napa Earthquake",
"headTitle": "UC Berkeley System Gave Early Warning of South Napa Earthquake | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Five seconds before the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a> struck, UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakealert.org/\">ShakeAlert\u003c/a> detected the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muXhT3FTrJI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university’s early warning project is intended to give residents a heads-up before an earthquake strikes and damage occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To predict the quakes, scientists use a sensor to detect the arrival of the first round of waves called primary waves or p-waves. These waves are fast but rarely cause any damage. P-waves are followed by secondary waves or s-waves which are slower but do more harm.[contextly_sidebar id=”qvdJXVAzTvC6dZ1064dGIrqEPMDJ67bS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ShakeAlert provided warning at the UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory and to users in San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose. The system is being developed by \u003ca style=\"color: #551a8b\" href=\"http://www.elarms.org/\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> and the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with scientists at \u003ca href=\"http://www.eew.caltech.edu/\">California Institute of Technology\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnsn.org/\">University of Washington\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last September, Governor Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB135\">approved a bill\u003c/a> to create an early warning system. The bill requires that sensors be installed to detect earthquakes and that operators figure out a way to alert the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, ShakeAlert doesn’t have enough backing to scale up, according to Richard Allen who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley Seismological Laboratory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will cost $80 million over five years to test and deploy the system and another $12 million a year for operational costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Alaska, California experiences more earthquakes than any other state and an early warning system could provide a model for others, if it receives enough funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently there is no national early warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fema.gov/robert-t-stafford-disaster-relief-and-emergency-assistance-act-public-law-93-288-amended\">Disaster Relief Act of 1974\u003c/a>, the USGS must issue alerts and improve public safety around earthquakes. While USGS already sends rapid, automatic earthquake information via the Internet, email, text messages and social media it does not currently employ an early warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funds to test ShakeAlert are currently provided by the Bay Area Rapid Transit System, Google, the City of San Francisco and The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. But it will take a long term financial commitment in order to keep the system running.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 358,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1704933086,
"excerpt": "Five seconds before the South Napa Earthquake struck, UC Berkeley’s ShakeAlert detected the quake. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Five seconds before the South Napa Earthquake struck, UC Berkeley’s ShakeAlert detected the quake. ",
"title": "UC Berkeley System Gave Early Warning of South Napa Earthquake | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "UC Berkeley System Gave Early Warning of South Napa Earthquake",
"datePublished": "2014-08-24T12:51:29-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:31:26-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20918/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Five seconds before the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a> struck, UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakealert.org/\">ShakeAlert\u003c/a> detected the quake.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/muXhT3FTrJI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/muXhT3FTrJI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The university’s early warning project is intended to give residents a heads-up before an earthquake strikes and damage occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To predict the quakes, scientists use a sensor to detect the arrival of the first round of waves called primary waves or p-waves. These waves are fast but rarely cause any damage. P-waves are followed by secondary waves or s-waves which are slower but do more harm.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ShakeAlert provided warning at the UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory and to users in San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose. The system is being developed by \u003ca style=\"color: #551a8b\" href=\"http://www.elarms.org/\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> and the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with scientists at \u003ca href=\"http://www.eew.caltech.edu/\">California Institute of Technology\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnsn.org/\">University of Washington\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last September, Governor Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB135\">approved a bill\u003c/a> to create an early warning system. The bill requires that sensors be installed to detect earthquakes and that operators figure out a way to alert the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, ShakeAlert doesn’t have enough backing to scale up, according to Richard Allen who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley Seismological Laboratory\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will cost $80 million over five years to test and deploy the system and another $12 million a year for operational costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Alaska, California experiences more earthquakes than any other state and an early warning system could provide a model for others, if it receives enough funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently there is no national early warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fema.gov/robert-t-stafford-disaster-relief-and-emergency-assistance-act-public-law-93-288-amended\">Disaster Relief Act of 1974\u003c/a>, the USGS must issue alerts and improve public safety around earthquakes. While USGS already sends rapid, automatic earthquake information via the Internet, email, text messages and social media it does not currently employ an early warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funds to test ShakeAlert are currently provided by the Bay Area Rapid Transit System, Google, the City of San Francisco and The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. But it will take a long term financial commitment in order to keep the system running.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20918/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"categories": [
"science_38",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_257",
"science_1841"
],
"featImg": "science_20940",
"label": "science"
},
"science_20903": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20903",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20903",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1408906489000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1408906489,
"format": "aside",
"title": "What Causes Earthquakes?",
"headTitle": "What Causes Earthquakes? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Andrea Aust, Lindsey Hoshaw and Jenny Oh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may have felt a jolt in the middle of the night when the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a> struck at 3:20 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what causes the earth to shake and how does it happen? Well, the earth is constantly shifting and the Earth’s crust is broken up into many rocky plates, like pieces of a puzzle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These plates are constantly moving, albeit very slowly, over the softer red-hot rock of the mantle underneath. As the plates move past each other, along fault zones, they sometimes get caught and pressure builds up.[contextly_sidebar id=”1dl7hFQuHmcfskSJTBGs7WlXqlNP0jqY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the plates finally give and slip due to the increased pressure, energy is released as seismic waves, causing the ground to shake. This is an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2012/02/INFOGRAPHIC-WITH-TEXT-v5.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-32380 size-full\" title=\"INFOGRAPHIC-WITH-TEXT-v2640\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2012/02/INFOGRAPHIC-WITH-TEXT-v5_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The epicenter of an earthquake is determined by triangulation. This means that seismic data is needed from at least three different locations, and where this data intersects tells us the epicenter. When an earthquake occurs, it is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seismograms at these locations show when the first seismic waves, the primary waves, arrive and then when the next waves, the secondary waves, arrive. Knowing how fast each of these waves travel, scientists can calculate how far away the epicenter was from each seismograph.[contextly_sidebar id=”sCbTjuKLIYIJi8CvAxTnpHwMHJGYRA9h”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they don’t know is the precise direction the waves came from –- the direction of the epicenter. Scientists then must use a map. Around each of three seismograph locations, a circle is drawn on the map with a radius that equals the known distance to the epicenter. These three circles intersect at a single point. This point is the location of the earthquake’s epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while we can pinpoint where an earthquake originated, we haven’t gotten much better at predicting them. We can detect earthquakes \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/24/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake/\">several seconds in advance\u003c/a> like researchers at the University of California Berkeley did for the South Napa earthquake. But we can’t predict them days or months into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we better understand how they occur we can construct buildings to withstand a certain amount of shaking and even take fault lines into account as we build new cities. Aside from that, having an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/how-to-prepare-for-an-earthquake/\">emergency kit\u003c/a> can help and perhaps one day, the early warning system will give us not just seconds but minutes.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 422,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1704933091,
"excerpt": "The earth is constantly shifting and the Earth’s crust is broken up into many rocky plates, like pieces of a puzzle. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The earth is constantly shifting and the Earth’s crust is broken up into many rocky plates, like pieces of a puzzle. ",
"title": "What Causes Earthquakes? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What Causes Earthquakes?",
"datePublished": "2014-08-24T11:54:49-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:31:31-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "what-causes-earthquakes",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20903/what-causes-earthquakes",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Andrea Aust, Lindsey Hoshaw and Jenny Oh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may have felt a jolt in the middle of the night when the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a> struck at 3:20 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what causes the earth to shake and how does it happen? Well, the earth is constantly shifting and the Earth’s crust is broken up into many rocky plates, like pieces of a puzzle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These plates are constantly moving, albeit very slowly, over the softer red-hot rock of the mantle underneath. As the plates move past each other, along fault zones, they sometimes get caught and pressure builds up.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the plates finally give and slip due to the increased pressure, energy is released as seismic waves, causing the ground to shake. This is an earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2012/02/INFOGRAPHIC-WITH-TEXT-v5.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-32380 size-full\" title=\"INFOGRAPHIC-WITH-TEXT-v2640\" src=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/files/2012/02/INFOGRAPHIC-WITH-TEXT-v5_640.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The epicenter of an earthquake is determined by triangulation. This means that seismic data is needed from at least three different locations, and where this data intersects tells us the epicenter. When an earthquake occurs, it is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seismograms at these locations show when the first seismic waves, the primary waves, arrive and then when the next waves, the secondary waves, arrive. Knowing how fast each of these waves travel, scientists can calculate how far away the epicenter was from each seismograph.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they don’t know is the precise direction the waves came from –- the direction of the epicenter. Scientists then must use a map. Around each of three seismograph locations, a circle is drawn on the map with a radius that equals the known distance to the epicenter. These three circles intersect at a single point. This point is the location of the earthquake’s epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while we can pinpoint where an earthquake originated, we haven’t gotten much better at predicting them. We can detect earthquakes \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/24/uc-berkeley-early-warning-system-predicted-south-napa-earthquake/\">several seconds in advance\u003c/a> like researchers at the University of California Berkeley did for the South Napa earthquake. But we can’t predict them days or months into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we better understand how they occur we can construct buildings to withstand a certain amount of shaking and even take fault lines into account as we build new cities. Aside from that, having an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/how-to-prepare-for-an-earthquake/\">emergency kit\u003c/a> can help and perhaps one day, the early warning system will give us not just seconds but minutes.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20903/what-causes-earthquakes",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_38",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_257",
"science_1841"
],
"featImg": "science_20889",
"label": "science"
},
"science_20869": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20869",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20869",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1408758896000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1408758896,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Small Fire at Chevron Refinery Ruled an Accident",
"headTitle": "Small Fire at Chevron Refinery Ruled an Accident | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/chevrontanks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/chevrontanks.jpg\" alt=\"A view of the Chevron refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16467\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the Chevron refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The small fire that ignited at Chevron’s Richmond refinery last month is being ruled an accident. The fire started early in the morning on July 16, and firefighters put it out in about an hour. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their report, Chevron investigators explain that the fire started during steam cleaning of a part of the refinery’s fluid catalytic cracker. That’s the part of the refinery that breaks large crude oil molecules down into smaller, more valuable ones, like gasoline and jet fuel. During the cleaning process, a valve leaked and hot crude oil leaked into a temporary hose, which failed. The oil was hot enough to catch fire without being exposed to any flames. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s investigators recommend that in the future, workers doing maintenance in that part of the refinery use hard pipes instead of hydrocarbon hose. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Them using these hydrocarbon hose lines to steam the process out is normal standard practice throughout the refinery — and refineries,” said Eric Govan, an inspector with the Richmond Fire Department who is doing a separate investigation of the fire. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Govan said his findings, which he expects to complete next week, are similar to Chevron’s. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chevron doesn’t want these fires happening any more than we do, any more than the citizens in the community of Richmond does,” he said. “So I think moving forward we’ll come to an agreement so these types of incidents don’t happen again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Govan is one of two city fire inspectors now based at Chevron’s refinery. That’s a change, implemented earlier this summer, that came out of the large fire at Chevron in 2012. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a goal that we both have that we don’t want these kind of events to continue,” said Richmond Fire Chief Michael Banks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District is also conducting an investigation, to ensure that the fire was not caused by any missed maintenance. There were no health warnings following this fire, and since no workers were injured or exposed, Cal-OSHA is not investigating. \u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 384,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 11
},
"modified": 1704933099,
"excerpt": "The fire started early in the morning on July 16, and firefighters put it out in about an hour. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The fire started early in the morning on July 16, and firefighters put it out in about an hour. ",
"title": "Small Fire at Chevron Refinery Ruled an Accident | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Small Fire at Chevron Refinery Ruled an Accident",
"datePublished": "2014-08-22T18:54:56-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:31:39-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "small-fire-at-chevron-refinery-ruled-an-accident",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20869/small-fire-at-chevron-refinery-ruled-an-accident",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16467\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/chevrontanks.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/chevrontanks.jpg\" alt=\"A view of the Chevron refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16467\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the Chevron refinery from its wharf, where ships deliver crude oil. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The small fire that ignited at Chevron’s Richmond refinery last month is being ruled an accident. The fire started early in the morning on July 16, and firefighters put it out in about an hour. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their report, Chevron investigators explain that the fire started during steam cleaning of a part of the refinery’s fluid catalytic cracker. That’s the part of the refinery that breaks large crude oil molecules down into smaller, more valuable ones, like gasoline and jet fuel. During the cleaning process, a valve leaked and hot crude oil leaked into a temporary hose, which failed. The oil was hot enough to catch fire without being exposed to any flames. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s investigators recommend that in the future, workers doing maintenance in that part of the refinery use hard pipes instead of hydrocarbon hose. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Them using these hydrocarbon hose lines to steam the process out is normal standard practice throughout the refinery — and refineries,” said Eric Govan, an inspector with the Richmond Fire Department who is doing a separate investigation of the fire. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Govan said his findings, which he expects to complete next week, are similar to Chevron’s. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chevron doesn’t want these fires happening any more than we do, any more than the citizens in the community of Richmond does,” he said. “So I think moving forward we’ll come to an agreement so these types of incidents don’t happen again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Govan is one of two city fire inspectors now based at Chevron’s refinery. That’s a change, implemented earlier this summer, that came out of the large fire at Chevron in 2012. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a goal that we both have that we don’t want these kind of events to continue,” said Richmond Fire Chief Michael Banks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District is also conducting an investigation, to ensure that the fire was not caused by any missed maintenance. There were no health warnings following this fire, and since no workers were injured or exposed, Cal-OSHA is not investigating. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20869/small-fire-at-chevron-refinery-ruled-an-accident",
"authors": [
"200"
],
"categories": [
"science_89",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_5193",
"science_112",
"science_1455"
],
"featImg": "science_16467",
"label": "science"
},
"science_20756": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20756",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20756",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1408719620000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "san-francisco-wants-to-know-is-your-living-room-window-killing-migratory-birds",
"title": "San Francisco Wants to Know: Is Your Living Room Window Killing Migratory Birds?",
"publishDate": 1408719620,
"format": "aside",
"headTitle": "San Francisco Wants to Know: Is Your Living Room Window Killing Migratory Birds? | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20760\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 618px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/bird-kill-kenneth-Herdy-FLAP-2009.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20760 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/bird-kill-kenneth-Herdy-FLAP-2009.jpg\" alt=\"Birds collected after colliding with buildings in Toronto 2009. (Kenneth Herdy/FLAP Canada)\" width=\"618\" height=\"269\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Birds collected after colliding with buildings in Toronto 2009. (Kenneth Herdy/FLAP Canada)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tourists aren’t the only out-of-towners that flock to the city by the bay. Each year, more than 250 species of birds stop in San Francisco during their fall and spring migrations, said Judith Pynn of the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengateaudubon.org/\">Golden Gate Audubon Society\u003c/a>. But birds passing through the big city on the Pacific Flyway can be thrown off by unfamiliar terrain, particularly windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They either don’t see the glass, or see a reflection and try to fly through it. “They may mistake it for a habitat [or] may see their own reflection and think it’s a rival and try to attack,” said Pynn, a resident of the Outer Sunset in San Francisco. She said a bird flew into a window in her home a few months ago. Pynn suspects that the window’s reflection of a nearby tree may have lured the bird to its death. “It’s a real hazard,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20793\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 203px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Pacific_map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20793 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Pacific_map.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of species of birds fly through San Francisco on the Pacific Flyway migration corridor. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) \" width=\"203\" height=\"374\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of species of migrant birds fly through San Francisco on the Pacific Flyway migration corridor. (US Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to the National Bird Conservatory, between 100 million and one billion birds die each year from colliding with glass windows of commercial or residential buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, San Francisco passed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-planning.org/ftp/files/publications_reports/bird_safe_bldgs/Standards%20for%20Bird%20Safe%20Buildings%20-%2011-30-11.pdf\">first standards\u003c/a> in the country aimed at reducing the hazards of commercial buildings by requiring window film or lighting adjustments. Now, the San Francisco Planning Department is enlisting the help of volunteers like Pynn to measure the damage caused by residential windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a week during the fall, Pynn will walk around the perimeter of her home in search of dead or injured birds. If she finds anything, she’ll report it to the Planning Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hoping to get people excited and involved and be able to collect some really great data,” said Andrew Perry with the San Francisco Planning Department’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-planning.org/index.aspx?page=2506#media\">Bird-Safe Buildings Project\u003c/a>. “Citizen science is a very powerful tool.” He added that participants don’t need to be hardcore birders. Residents can take pictures of birds and upload them to the web for someone else to identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city already has anecdotal evidence of residential bird collisions, Perry said, but this project will be the most extensive study of residential collisions on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city sending a clear message that it takes bird-safe buildings seriously, and it’s not just about commercial property owners,” said Cindy Margulis, Executive Director of the Golden Gate Audubon Society. This study will better inform the city’s policymakers on the hazards of residential windows, she said. “We need more science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The citywide project will be ongoing, and participants are being asked to commit to monitoring for at least one migration period. Residents who live near parks are of particular interest to the study, as birds are more likely to be concentrated in those areas. This fall’s migration period began August 15 and runs through November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those interested in monitoring their own homes can email Andrew Perry with the San Francisco Planning Department: andrew.perry@sfgov.org\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "Between 100 million and one billion birds die each year from colliding with glass windows of commercial or residential buildings. San Francisco is launching a program to track the damage caused by windows in homes. ",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721106665,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 12,
"wordCount": 562
},
"headData": {
"title": "San Francisco Wants to Know: Is Your Living Room Window Killing Migratory Birds? | KQED",
"description": "Between 100 million and one billion birds die each year from colliding with glass windows of commercial or residential buildings. San Francisco is launching a program to track the damage caused by windows in homes. ",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "San Francisco Wants to Know: Is Your Living Room Window Killing Migratory Birds?",
"datePublished": "2014-08-22T08:00:20-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-15T22:11:05-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20756/san-francisco-wants-to-know-is-your-living-room-window-killing-migratory-birds",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20760\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 618px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/bird-kill-kenneth-Herdy-FLAP-2009.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20760 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/bird-kill-kenneth-Herdy-FLAP-2009.jpg\" alt=\"Birds collected after colliding with buildings in Toronto 2009. (Kenneth Herdy/FLAP Canada)\" width=\"618\" height=\"269\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Birds collected after colliding with buildings in Toronto 2009. (Kenneth Herdy/FLAP Canada)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tourists aren’t the only out-of-towners that flock to the city by the bay. Each year, more than 250 species of birds stop in San Francisco during their fall and spring migrations, said Judith Pynn of the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengateaudubon.org/\">Golden Gate Audubon Society\u003c/a>. But birds passing through the big city on the Pacific Flyway can be thrown off by unfamiliar terrain, particularly windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They either don’t see the glass, or see a reflection and try to fly through it. “They may mistake it for a habitat [or] may see their own reflection and think it’s a rival and try to attack,” said Pynn, a resident of the Outer Sunset in San Francisco. She said a bird flew into a window in her home a few months ago. Pynn suspects that the window’s reflection of a nearby tree may have lured the bird to its death. “It’s a real hazard,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20793\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 203px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Pacific_map.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20793 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Pacific_map.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of species of birds fly through San Francisco on the Pacific Flyway migration corridor. (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) \" width=\"203\" height=\"374\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of species of migrant birds fly through San Francisco on the Pacific Flyway migration corridor. (US Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to the National Bird Conservatory, between 100 million and one billion birds die each year from colliding with glass windows of commercial or residential buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, San Francisco passed the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-planning.org/ftp/files/publications_reports/bird_safe_bldgs/Standards%20for%20Bird%20Safe%20Buildings%20-%2011-30-11.pdf\">first standards\u003c/a> in the country aimed at reducing the hazards of commercial buildings by requiring window film or lighting adjustments. Now, the San Francisco Planning Department is enlisting the help of volunteers like Pynn to measure the damage caused by residential windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a week during the fall, Pynn will walk around the perimeter of her home in search of dead or injured birds. If she finds anything, she’ll report it to the Planning Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hoping to get people excited and involved and be able to collect some really great data,” said Andrew Perry with the San Francisco Planning Department’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-planning.org/index.aspx?page=2506#media\">Bird-Safe Buildings Project\u003c/a>. “Citizen science is a very powerful tool.” He added that participants don’t need to be hardcore birders. Residents can take pictures of birds and upload them to the web for someone else to identify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city already has anecdotal evidence of residential bird collisions, Perry said, but this project will be the most extensive study of residential collisions on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city sending a clear message that it takes bird-safe buildings seriously, and it’s not just about commercial property owners,” said Cindy Margulis, Executive Director of the Golden Gate Audubon Society. This study will better inform the city’s policymakers on the hazards of residential windows, she said. “We need more science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The citywide project will be ongoing, and participants are being asked to commit to monitoring for at least one migration period. Residents who live near parks are of particular interest to the study, as birds are more likely to be concentrated in those areas. This fall’s migration period began August 15 and runs through November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those interested in monitoring their own homes can email Andrew Perry with the San Francisco Planning Department: andrew.perry@sfgov.org\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20756/san-francisco-wants-to-know-is-your-living-room-window-killing-migratory-birds",
"authors": [
"1565"
],
"categories": [
"science_30",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"featImg": "science_20760",
"label": "science"
},
"science_20771": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20771",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20771",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1408649856000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1408649856,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Epic Drought in West Is Literally Moving Mountains",
"headTitle": "Epic Drought in West Is Literally Moving Mountains | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Bobby Magill\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/epic-drought-in-west-is-moving-mountains-17924\">Climate Central\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is driving the Greenland Ice Sheet to melt, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/new-greenland-ice-melt-fuels-sea-level-rise-concerns-17187\">is contributing\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://sealevel.climatecentral.org\">sea level rise\u003c/a>. But imagine that the same amount of water melting from Greenland each year is being lost in California and the rest of the West because of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/ongoing-coverage-of-historic-drought-in-us\">epic drought\u003c/a> there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens? The land in the West begins to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20778\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS4110_aqueduct20120131-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS4110_aqueduct20120131-scr.jpg\" alt=\"With less water weighing California down, parts of the land are rising, says a new study. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"850\" height=\"567\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20778\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With less water weighing California down, parts of the land are rising, says a new study. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, some parts of California’s mountains have been uplifted as much as 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inches) in the past 18 months because the massive amount of water lost in the drought is no longer weighing down the land, causing it to rise a bit like an uncoiled spring, a \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/severe-drought-causing-western-us-rise?hash=1c60e2ada1b6a93c03fb0e26e6f83dd4\">new study\u003c/a> shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time, scientists are now able to measure how much surface and groundwater is lost during droughts by measuring how much the land rises as it dries. Those are the conclusions of the new study published Aug. 21 in the journal Science by researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the the University of California, San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought that is devastating California and much of the West has dried the region so much that 240 gigatons worth of surface and groundwater have been lost, roughly the equivalent to a 3.9-inch layer of water over the entire West, or the annual loss of mass from the Greenland Ice Sheet, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of California’s mountains have risen by about 0.6 inches since early 2013, the West overall has risen by an average of about 0.157 inches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Groundwater is a load on the Earth’s crust,” said Klaus Jacob, a seismologist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, N.Y., who is unaffiliated with the study. “A load compresses the crust elastically, hence it subsides. When you take that load away (by the drought) the crust decompresses and the surface rises. From the amount of rising, one can estimate the amount of the water deficit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought-related uplifting was discovered when researchers were analyzing data from GPS stations within the National Science Foundation’s \u003ca href=\"http://pbo.unavco.org\">Plate Boundary Observatory\u003c/a>. One researcher noticed that all of the GPS stations moved upward since 2003, coinciding with the timing of the current drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of the movement occurred since last year as the West’s drought has become more and more extreme, said Duncan Agnew, a professor at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC-San Diego, and a study co-author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The implications of this have yet to play out,” Agnew said. “What we’ve shown is that there is a measurement technique we can use to get a total water loss — water loss in places where we have no direct measurements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said such uplifting likely occurs in every drought, but it has never been observed before because scientists did not have the tools to detect the uplifting until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”uGC1QJcQHnqwBdUMz5Xv82QK3pkdj5VE”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why this study is interesting,” Agnew said. “We can use this set of tools, which were installed for a different purpose in order to monitor water changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the uplifting likely has no significant effect on earthquake potential in California and elsewhere even though loss of ground and surface water has added stress to major faults in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The total amount of stress that’s been added in the last 18 months from drought is the same amount of stress that’s added every week because of plate techtonics,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob said the study shows that the changes in the elevation of the landscape and the stress on faults are so small the effect will be extremely minor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Jacob said, the significance of the study is that it shows a new way for scientists to estimate total water loss during times of drought, which would be more difficult to estimate without being able to detect how much the land is being uplifted in dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 732,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 21
},
"modified": 1704933112,
"excerpt": "Some parts of California’s mountains have been uplifted by as much as half an inch in the past 18 months because the massive amount of water lost in the drought is no longer weighing down the land, causing it to rise a bit like an uncoiled spring.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Some parts of California’s mountains have been uplifted by as much as half an inch in the past 18 months because the massive amount of water lost in the drought is no longer weighing down the land, causing it to rise a bit like an uncoiled spring.",
"title": "Epic Drought in West Is Literally Moving Mountains | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Epic Drought in West Is Literally Moving Mountains",
"datePublished": "2014-08-21T12:37:36-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:31:52-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "epic-drought-in-west-is-literally-moving-mountains",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20771/epic-drought-in-west-is-literally-moving-mountains",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Bobby Magill\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/epic-drought-in-west-is-moving-mountains-17924\">Climate Central\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is driving the Greenland Ice Sheet to melt, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/new-greenland-ice-melt-fuels-sea-level-rise-concerns-17187\">is contributing\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://sealevel.climatecentral.org\">sea level rise\u003c/a>. But imagine that the same amount of water melting from Greenland each year is being lost in California and the rest of the West because of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/ongoing-coverage-of-historic-drought-in-us\">epic drought\u003c/a> there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens? The land in the West begins to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20778\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS4110_aqueduct20120131-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS4110_aqueduct20120131-scr.jpg\" alt=\"With less water weighing California down, parts of the land are rising, says a new study. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"850\" height=\"567\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20778\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With less water weighing California down, parts of the land are rising, says a new study. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, some parts of California’s mountains have been uplifted as much as 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inches) in the past 18 months because the massive amount of water lost in the drought is no longer weighing down the land, causing it to rise a bit like an uncoiled spring, a \u003ca href=\"https://scripps.ucsd.edu/news/severe-drought-causing-western-us-rise?hash=1c60e2ada1b6a93c03fb0e26e6f83dd4\">new study\u003c/a> shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time, scientists are now able to measure how much surface and groundwater is lost during droughts by measuring how much the land rises as it dries. Those are the conclusions of the new study published Aug. 21 in the journal Science by researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the the University of California, San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought that is devastating California and much of the West has dried the region so much that 240 gigatons worth of surface and groundwater have been lost, roughly the equivalent to a 3.9-inch layer of water over the entire West, or the annual loss of mass from the Greenland Ice Sheet, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of California’s mountains have risen by about 0.6 inches since early 2013, the West overall has risen by an average of about 0.157 inches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Groundwater is a load on the Earth’s crust,” said Klaus Jacob, a seismologist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, N.Y., who is unaffiliated with the study. “A load compresses the crust elastically, hence it subsides. When you take that load away (by the drought) the crust decompresses and the surface rises. From the amount of rising, one can estimate the amount of the water deficit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought-related uplifting was discovered when researchers were analyzing data from GPS stations within the National Science Foundation’s \u003ca href=\"http://pbo.unavco.org\">Plate Boundary Observatory\u003c/a>. One researcher noticed that all of the GPS stations moved upward since 2003, coinciding with the timing of the current drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of the movement occurred since last year as the West’s drought has become more and more extreme, said Duncan Agnew, a professor at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC-San Diego, and a study co-author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The implications of this have yet to play out,” Agnew said. “What we’ve shown is that there is a measurement technique we can use to get a total water loss — water loss in places where we have no direct measurements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said such uplifting likely occurs in every drought, but it has never been observed before because scientists did not have the tools to detect the uplifting until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why this study is interesting,” Agnew said. “We can use this set of tools, which were installed for a different purpose in order to monitor water changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the uplifting likely has no significant effect on earthquake potential in California and elsewhere even though loss of ground and surface water has added stress to major faults in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The total amount of stress that’s been added in the last 18 months from drought is the same amount of stress that’s added every week because of plate techtonics,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob said the study shows that the changes in the elevation of the landscape and the stress on faults are so small the effect will be extremely minor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Jacob said, the significance of the study is that it shows a new way for scientists to estimate total water loss during times of drought, which would be more difficult to estimate without being able to detect how much the land is being uplifted in dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20771/epic-drought-in-west-is-literally-moving-mountains",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_38",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1678",
"science_572",
"science_64",
"science_490"
],
"featImg": "science_20784",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_20683": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20683",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20683",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1408518076000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1408518076,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Drought-Stricken California Town Struggles to Keep the Water Flowing",
"headTitle": "Drought-Stricken California Town Struggles to Keep the Water Flowing | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Daniel Potter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/164002580&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20695\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/LkShastina_7064_crop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20695\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/LkShastina_7064_crop.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Shastina (Daniel Potter)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The city of Montague relies heavily on Lake Shastina, down 90 percent from normal this summer. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All summer, Montague has been a town in trouble. The city sits half an hour south of the Oregon border, in a rugged \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Montague\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montague,_California\">patch of Northern California\u003c/a> that offers little refuge from the scorching sun. For water, the roughly 1,500 people who live here depend on snow melting from the slopes of \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Mt. Shasta\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Shasta\">Mount Shasta\u003c/a>, about 20 miles to the south. But the snowpack this past winter was, by all accounts, pitiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on a hill near the edge of town at 8:30 in the morning, before the sun and the temperatures have had much time to climb, Chris Tyhurst looks toward the mountain and says, “I think I see two little spots of snow, about a square foot each.” Tyhurst, who has blue eyes and the calm demeanor of a recreational pilot, is joking, but in his nearly four decades as Montague’s water manager, he says this summer has been the toughest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has been \u003ca title=\"Montague - drought page\" href=\"http://ci.montague.ca.us/drought.html\">forced to cut water use\u003c/a> drastically. Tyhurst says folks are using roughly one-third the amount they normally would this time of year. Nearly every lawn in town has turned a crispy blond, except for those belonging to a handful of residents who have their own wells. The city has imposed a monthly limit of 5,000 gallons per home, with fines for running over that. More than a hundred households have gone over the limit this summer. It’s hard not to, a sympathetic official tells me, if you have three kids at home. The worst offenders got letters from the Montague City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Avoiding the ‘Nightmare Scenario’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “nightmare scenario,” as Tyhurst puts it, would be having to truck in water just to keep Montague’s water system pressurized, at an expense of hundreds of thousands of dollars. Tyhurst figures that would take a procession of some 30 trucks a day, each hauling 3,500 of gallons of water, rumbling from dawn to dusk every half-hour through the normally quiet neighborhood — a place where deer are a routine sight. Any scheduling hiccup could lead to trucks jamming the narrow unpaved road that leads to the town’s reservoir, which resembles a farm pond, complete with fish and turtles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep from resorting to the water convoys, Tyhurst says he’s willing to try just about anything, including a measure that’s rarely been tried in California. It’s a fine, white powder Tyhurst has taken to sprinkling over the three-acre reservoir every few days, using a flour sifter on the end of a long pole. The powder readily dissolves and spreads across the surface, forming what’s called a “monolayer” between the water and the air, aimed at slowing evaporation to buy the town’s water supply a few extra days or weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/monolayer_7078_crop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20696 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/monolayer_7078_crop.jpg\" alt=\"monolayer (Daniel Potter)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Using a modified flour sifter, Tyhurst sprinkles a powder across Montague’s small reservoir. The product, made from palm oil and hydrated lime, spreads to form a ‘monolayer’ across the surface, slowing evaporation and saving precious water for the town. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This particular product, called WaterSavr, is made of hydrated lime, which is often used to treat water supplies, along with palm oil. Officials are also \u003ca title=\"Texas Trib - post\" href=\"http://www.texastribune.org/2014/07/30/four-guys-and-boat-tackle-texas-sized-water-proble/\">trying it out in drought-stricken Texas\u003c/a>. Noting the product’s been approved for use by the National Sanitation Foundation, Tyhurst says so far no one’s complained about it to him, “But we didn’t really broadcast that we were starting to use it,” he adds. “We generally don’t with any of our treatment stuff. It’s NSF approved, and that’s all the health department looks at, so we’re good to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Definitely Real Life’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the town butcher shop, 26-year old Douglas Hamblin says he hears talk from ranchers of having to cash out their chips if the weather doesn’t start cooperating, and soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Shop_7094.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20727\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Shop_7094.jpg\" alt='Hamblin is leaving town to do the shop laundry. Without water, he says, \"life gets hectic pretty quickly.\" (Daniel Potter)' width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Douglas Hamblin says the family butcher shop has had to adjust to Montague’s severe water restrictions. Without water, he says, ‘Life gets hectic pretty quick.’ (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely real life,” he says. “It’s definitely water, and everybody needs water.” Without it, he says, “life gets hectic pretty quick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamblin has a tattoo of Jesus Christ on his arm, and big holes through his earlobes from the thick gauges he used to wear. Hamblin’s family only moved to Montague and started running the shop a couple years ago. While it’s equipped with a washing machine for aprons and rags, Hamblin says they haven’t been using it, because of the town’s limit on water use. Instead, his mother drives miles to another town each week to do laundry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”63SthEwF9YOCDP2kSbK7R7ZtZFCiKpCF”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new dad, Hamblin is quick to point out there are many people in the world with bigger problems than dead lawns, but says, “It’s kind of a bummer, you know. You have a six-month-old son, you want a little bit of a yard. You look like a jerk if you go ‘Okay, well, if I go over the 5,000 gallon-a-month limit I’ll just pay for it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a close-knit community, he explains: “Of course it’s frowned upon, because everybody has to look out for each other up here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Banking on a Pipeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the base of Mount Shasta sits \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Shastina\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shastina\">Lake Shastina\u003c/a>, which in good years can hold more than 30,000 acre-feet of water. (An acre foot is about 325,000 gallons, or just enough water to cover an acre one foot deep.) This year, Tyhurst says, the lake started well below 10,000 acre feet, with little in the way of snow on the mountain to help refill it. By late July, parts of the lake seemed to be missing — a blue patch on a map might just turn out to be an empty green field. In one spot, a sign next to a dry, rocky slope advised against swimming or fishing. The lake, or what remained of it, looked to be something of a hike down the hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water travels to Montague in what Tyhurst calls “deliveries.” Every few weeks, some 200 acre-feet are released into a 26-mile canal that was constructed with farm irrigation in mind. The unlined ditch is poorly suited to water conservation. Much of it is bare earth, which gulps down a lot of the water long before it reaches the town, to say nothing of what evaporates in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Pipeline_7044_crop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20698\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Pipeline_7044_crop.jpg\" alt=\"Workers lower a segment of the new, more efficient pipeline next to where they’re carving a miles-long trench from the Shasta River to Montague’s reservoir. (Daniel Potter)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers lower a new segment of pipeline near where they’re carving a miles-long trench from the Shasta River to Montague’s reservoir. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an alternative, this summer Montague has hustled to finish an emergency pipeline, essentially a straw that stretches a few miles from the \u003ca title=\"CalTrout - Shasta River\" href=\"http://caltrout.org/regions/mount-shasta-region/shasta-river/\">Shasta River\u003c/a> to the town’s reservoir. Tyhurst says normally such a project, which is costing over a million drought emergency dollars from the State Water Board, would’ve taken years to win approval from the numerous government agencies involved. Tyhurst credits the governor’s January declaration of a drought emergency with helping slice through all that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, construction itself hasn’t been easy. The morning I visited, a giant yellow machine was devouring underbrush like a hungry dinosaur to clear a path for the pipeline’s trench. But before the pipe could be buried, its specifications required it to cool, Tyhurst says. “I think the specs call for 70 degrees…and with a hundred degrees during the day, you just cook out here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when the pipeline is ready, Montague officials told me, the town’s water woes won’t be completely over. Everyone’s hopes are riding on a wet winter.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1397,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1704933123,
"excerpt": "From heavy machinery to hand-held flour sifters, this town is pulling out all the stops to save its water.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "From heavy machinery to hand-held flour sifters, this town is pulling out all the stops to save its water.",
"title": "Drought-Stricken California Town Struggles to Keep the Water Flowing | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Drought-Stricken California Town Struggles to Keep the Water Flowing",
"datePublished": "2014-08-20T00:01:16-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:32:03-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "drought-stricken-california-town-struggles-to-keep-the-water-flowing",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20683/drought-stricken-california-town-struggles-to-keep-the-water-flowing",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Daniel Potter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/164002580&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20695\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/LkShastina_7064_crop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20695\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/LkShastina_7064_crop.jpg\" alt=\"Lake Shastina (Daniel Potter)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The city of Montague relies heavily on Lake Shastina, down 90 percent from normal this summer. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All summer, Montague has been a town in trouble. The city sits half an hour south of the Oregon border, in a rugged \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Montague\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montague,_California\">patch of Northern California\u003c/a> that offers little refuge from the scorching sun. For water, the roughly 1,500 people who live here depend on snow melting from the slopes of \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Mt. Shasta\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Shasta\">Mount Shasta\u003c/a>, about 20 miles to the south. But the snowpack this past winter was, by all accounts, pitiful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on a hill near the edge of town at 8:30 in the morning, before the sun and the temperatures have had much time to climb, Chris Tyhurst looks toward the mountain and says, “I think I see two little spots of snow, about a square foot each.” Tyhurst, who has blue eyes and the calm demeanor of a recreational pilot, is joking, but in his nearly four decades as Montague’s water manager, he says this summer has been the toughest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has been \u003ca title=\"Montague - drought page\" href=\"http://ci.montague.ca.us/drought.html\">forced to cut water use\u003c/a> drastically. Tyhurst says folks are using roughly one-third the amount they normally would this time of year. Nearly every lawn in town has turned a crispy blond, except for those belonging to a handful of residents who have their own wells. The city has imposed a monthly limit of 5,000 gallons per home, with fines for running over that. More than a hundred households have gone over the limit this summer. It’s hard not to, a sympathetic official tells me, if you have three kids at home. The worst offenders got letters from the Montague City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Avoiding the ‘Nightmare Scenario’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “nightmare scenario,” as Tyhurst puts it, would be having to truck in water just to keep Montague’s water system pressurized, at an expense of hundreds of thousands of dollars. Tyhurst figures that would take a procession of some 30 trucks a day, each hauling 3,500 of gallons of water, rumbling from dawn to dusk every half-hour through the normally quiet neighborhood — a place where deer are a routine sight. Any scheduling hiccup could lead to trucks jamming the narrow unpaved road that leads to the town’s reservoir, which resembles a farm pond, complete with fish and turtles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep from resorting to the water convoys, Tyhurst says he’s willing to try just about anything, including a measure that’s rarely been tried in California. It’s a fine, white powder Tyhurst has taken to sprinkling over the three-acre reservoir every few days, using a flour sifter on the end of a long pole. The powder readily dissolves and spreads across the surface, forming what’s called a “monolayer” between the water and the air, aimed at slowing evaporation to buy the town’s water supply a few extra days or weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/monolayer_7078_crop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20696 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/monolayer_7078_crop.jpg\" alt=\"monolayer (Daniel Potter)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Using a modified flour sifter, Tyhurst sprinkles a powder across Montague’s small reservoir. The product, made from palm oil and hydrated lime, spreads to form a ‘monolayer’ across the surface, slowing evaporation and saving precious water for the town. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This particular product, called WaterSavr, is made of hydrated lime, which is often used to treat water supplies, along with palm oil. Officials are also \u003ca title=\"Texas Trib - post\" href=\"http://www.texastribune.org/2014/07/30/four-guys-and-boat-tackle-texas-sized-water-proble/\">trying it out in drought-stricken Texas\u003c/a>. Noting the product’s been approved for use by the National Sanitation Foundation, Tyhurst says so far no one’s complained about it to him, “But we didn’t really broadcast that we were starting to use it,” he adds. “We generally don’t with any of our treatment stuff. It’s NSF approved, and that’s all the health department looks at, so we’re good to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Definitely Real Life’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the town butcher shop, 26-year old Douglas Hamblin says he hears talk from ranchers of having to cash out their chips if the weather doesn’t start cooperating, and soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20727\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Shop_7094.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20727\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Shop_7094.jpg\" alt='Hamblin is leaving town to do the shop laundry. Without water, he says, \"life gets hectic pretty quickly.\" (Daniel Potter)' width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Douglas Hamblin says the family butcher shop has had to adjust to Montague’s severe water restrictions. Without water, he says, ‘Life gets hectic pretty quick.’ (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely real life,” he says. “It’s definitely water, and everybody needs water.” Without it, he says, “life gets hectic pretty quick.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamblin has a tattoo of Jesus Christ on his arm, and big holes through his earlobes from the thick gauges he used to wear. Hamblin’s family only moved to Montague and started running the shop a couple years ago. While it’s equipped with a washing machine for aprons and rags, Hamblin says they haven’t been using it, because of the town’s limit on water use. Instead, his mother drives miles to another town each week to do laundry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new dad, Hamblin is quick to point out there are many people in the world with bigger problems than dead lawns, but says, “It’s kind of a bummer, you know. You have a six-month-old son, you want a little bit of a yard. You look like a jerk if you go ‘Okay, well, if I go over the 5,000 gallon-a-month limit I’ll just pay for it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a close-knit community, he explains: “Of course it’s frowned upon, because everybody has to look out for each other up here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Banking on a Pipeline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the base of Mount Shasta sits \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Shastina\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shastina\">Lake Shastina\u003c/a>, which in good years can hold more than 30,000 acre-feet of water. (An acre foot is about 325,000 gallons, or just enough water to cover an acre one foot deep.) This year, Tyhurst says, the lake started well below 10,000 acre feet, with little in the way of snow on the mountain to help refill it. By late July, parts of the lake seemed to be missing — a blue patch on a map might just turn out to be an empty green field. In one spot, a sign next to a dry, rocky slope advised against swimming or fishing. The lake, or what remained of it, looked to be something of a hike down the hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water travels to Montague in what Tyhurst calls “deliveries.” Every few weeks, some 200 acre-feet are released into a 26-mile canal that was constructed with farm irrigation in mind. The unlined ditch is poorly suited to water conservation. Much of it is bare earth, which gulps down a lot of the water long before it reaches the town, to say nothing of what evaporates in transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Pipeline_7044_crop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20698\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Pipeline_7044_crop.jpg\" alt=\"Workers lower a segment of the new, more efficient pipeline next to where they’re carving a miles-long trench from the Shasta River to Montague’s reservoir. (Daniel Potter)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers lower a new segment of pipeline near where they’re carving a miles-long trench from the Shasta River to Montague’s reservoir. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an alternative, this summer Montague has hustled to finish an emergency pipeline, essentially a straw that stretches a few miles from the \u003ca title=\"CalTrout - Shasta River\" href=\"http://caltrout.org/regions/mount-shasta-region/shasta-river/\">Shasta River\u003c/a> to the town’s reservoir. Tyhurst says normally such a project, which is costing over a million drought emergency dollars from the State Water Board, would’ve taken years to win approval from the numerous government agencies involved. Tyhurst credits the governor’s January declaration of a drought emergency with helping slice through all that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, construction itself hasn’t been easy. The morning I visited, a giant yellow machine was devouring underbrush like a hungry dinosaur to clear a path for the pipeline’s trench. But before the pipe could be buried, its specifications required it to cool, Tyhurst says. “I think the specs call for 70 degrees…and with a hundred degrees during the day, you just cook out here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when the pipeline is ready, Montague officials told me, the town’s water woes won’t be completely over. Everyone’s hopes are riding on a wet winter.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20683/drought-stricken-california-town-struggles-to-keep-the-water-flowing",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_89",
"science_40",
"science_43",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_572",
"science_64"
],
"featImg": "science_20696",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_20636": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20636",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20636",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1408345314000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1408345314,
"format": "aside",
"title": "A Year After Rim Fire, Debate Sparks Over Replanting Trees",
"headTitle": "A Year After Rim Fire, Debate Sparks Over Replanting Trees | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140818science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20640\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/seedling.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/seedling.jpg\" alt=\"A pine tree seedling emerges in a burned area of the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pine tree seedling emerges in a burned area of the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One year after the record-breaking Rim Fire began in the Sierra Nevada, signs of recovery are appearing. Green ferns and small seedlings dot the forest floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a full recovery expected to take a century or more, forest officials are working on plans to speed it along by planting new trees. Reforestation is common after large fires in the West, but some scientists say it’s time to rethink how forests are replanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rim Fire is the largest wildfire ever recorded in the Sierra Nevada. Fed by high winds and bone-dry conditions, it consumed 257,000 acres – an area nine times the size of San Francisco. A hunter recently pleaded not guilty to charges that he started it with an illegal campfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of acres were severely burned, with trees and vegetation wiped out in about 40 percent of the burned area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trees in this area have definitely torched out,” says Eric Knapp, a research ecologist with the Forest Service, walking around a burned patch of the Stanislaus National Forest. “You can see the bark char going pretty much all the way up the tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/rimfireslideshow.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"445\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shrubs and ferns have been able to come back quickly in many places, thanks in part to California’s historic drought. Without big winter storms to create soil erosion, plants were able to take hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s remarkable even in one year what can come back,” Knapp says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pine tree seedlings are harder to find. Knapp finally spots a three-inch pine tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The seed source is probably…” he says, looking around for where it came from. “There was green forest over there at least a hundred yards away. But nice thing about these pine seedlings is the seeds have these little wings on them so they get up into the wind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how this kind of mixed-conifer forest regrows in the Sierra Nevada, he says. Green trees on the edges of a burn send their seeds into dead areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the plants and trees can recolonize from the edge, but if your edge is too far away, that becomes more challenging,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the problem in the Rim Fire, he says. There are huge patches of dead trees and seeds can only travel so far, either by the wind or animals. The largest dead patch is more than 60,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20667 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Rimfiregraphic-e1408148390108.jpeg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"816\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We estimate it could take centuries – a couple centuries – to really get that back in because there’s no seed source,” says the Forest Service’s Maria Benech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service is working on a Rim Fire recovery plan that includes reforestation, which could begin in a year and half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all done by hand, so it’s all hand-planted,” she says. “Just little tiny guys that are four, five inches tall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seedlings are usually planted densely, 10 feet apart. Reforestation has been done this way in the West for decades, but planting trees in the Sierra Nevada is no guarantee of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fires in 1987, the Forest Service replanted some of the forest, in what’s known as the “Penny Pines” tree plantation. A good part of the plantation was killed by the Rim Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These were fairly young, 20-25 year old stands,” Benech says. “They had branching all the way to the ground – a lot of interlocking branches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire moved easily through the dense foliage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have criticized how close we planted trees,” she says. “But the idea all along was to come in, year seven, year ten, and thin those out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20689\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01475.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01475.jpg\" alt=\"Ferns and brush return to the forest floor in the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20689\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ferns and brush return to the forest floor in the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it takes funding to selectively cut trees and create spaces in the forest. The Forest Service had made plans to do it, but hadn’t gotten the resources yet. Without that, the replanted trees went from restoration to liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plantations are really prone to burning up,” says Malcolm North, a research scientist with the Forest Service and an affiliate professor at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North says there may be a better way to replant trees after wildfires. Researchers have learned a lot about how Sierra Nevada forests once looked, before Smokey Bear and decades of fire suppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we now know is that we eventually want to produce trees that have kind of a clumped and open – a group-y, gap-y type structure,” he says. “That’s the pattern we find time and time again in these forests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees could be planted in a way that mimics that natural pattern – in clumps instead of rows. That could make them more resilient to future fires, North says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of scientists and environmental groups has been meeting to work on that idea. There’s still a lot to learn about how do that type of restoration. But that’s the silver lining of the Rim Fire, North says. With such a high profile fire comes the opportunity to learn from it.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 923,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/rimfireslideshow.html"
],
"paragraphCount": 29
},
"modified": 1704933129,
"excerpt": "Reforestation is common after large fires in the West, but some scientists say it’s time to rethink how forests are replanted.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Reforestation is common after large fires in the West, but some scientists say it’s time to rethink how forests are replanted.",
"title": "A Year After Rim Fire, Debate Sparks Over Replanting Trees | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "A Year After Rim Fire, Debate Sparks Over Replanting Trees",
"datePublished": "2014-08-18T00:01:54-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:32:09-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "a-year-after-rim-fire-debate-sparks-over-replanting-trees",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140818science.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20636/a-year-after-rim-fire-debate-sparks-over-replanting-trees",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "audioLink",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"src": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140818science.mp3"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20640\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/seedling.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/seedling.jpg\" alt=\"A pine tree seedling emerges in a burned area of the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pine tree seedling emerges in a burned area of the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One year after the record-breaking Rim Fire began in the Sierra Nevada, signs of recovery are appearing. Green ferns and small seedlings dot the forest floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with a full recovery expected to take a century or more, forest officials are working on plans to speed it along by planting new trees. Reforestation is common after large fires in the West, but some scientists say it’s time to rethink how forests are replanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rim Fire is the largest wildfire ever recorded in the Sierra Nevada. Fed by high winds and bone-dry conditions, it consumed 257,000 acres – an area nine times the size of San Francisco. A hunter recently pleaded not guilty to charges that he started it with an illegal campfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of acres were severely burned, with trees and vegetation wiped out in about 40 percent of the burned area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The trees in this area have definitely torched out,” says Eric Knapp, a research ecologist with the Forest Service, walking around a burned patch of the Stanislaus National Forest. “You can see the bark char going pretty much all the way up the tree.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/rimfireslideshow.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"445\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shrubs and ferns have been able to come back quickly in many places, thanks in part to California’s historic drought. Without big winter storms to create soil erosion, plants were able to take hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s remarkable even in one year what can come back,” Knapp says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pine tree seedlings are harder to find. Knapp finally spots a three-inch pine tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The seed source is probably…” he says, looking around for where it came from. “There was green forest over there at least a hundred yards away. But nice thing about these pine seedlings is the seeds have these little wings on them so they get up into the wind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how this kind of mixed-conifer forest regrows in the Sierra Nevada, he says. Green trees on the edges of a burn send their seeds into dead areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the plants and trees can recolonize from the edge, but if your edge is too far away, that becomes more challenging,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the problem in the Rim Fire, he says. There are huge patches of dead trees and seeds can only travel so far, either by the wind or animals. The largest dead patch is more than 60,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20667 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Rimfiregraphic-e1408148390108.jpeg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"816\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We estimate it could take centuries – a couple centuries – to really get that back in because there’s no seed source,” says the Forest Service’s Maria Benech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service is working on a Rim Fire recovery plan that includes reforestation, which could begin in a year and half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all done by hand, so it’s all hand-planted,” she says. “Just little tiny guys that are four, five inches tall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seedlings are usually planted densely, 10 feet apart. Reforestation has been done this way in the West for decades, but planting trees in the Sierra Nevada is no guarantee of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fires in 1987, the Forest Service replanted some of the forest, in what’s known as the “Penny Pines” tree plantation. A good part of the plantation was killed by the Rim Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These were fairly young, 20-25 year old stands,” Benech says. “They had branching all the way to the ground – a lot of interlocking branches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire moved easily through the dense foliage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have criticized how close we planted trees,” she says. “But the idea all along was to come in, year seven, year ten, and thin those out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20689\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01475.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01475.jpg\" alt=\"Ferns and brush return to the forest floor in the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20689\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ferns and brush return to the forest floor in the Stanislaus National Forest. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But it takes funding to selectively cut trees and create spaces in the forest. The Forest Service had made plans to do it, but hadn’t gotten the resources yet. Without that, the replanted trees went from restoration to liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plantations are really prone to burning up,” says Malcolm North, a research scientist with the Forest Service and an affiliate professor at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North says there may be a better way to replant trees after wildfires. Researchers have learned a lot about how Sierra Nevada forests once looked, before Smokey Bear and decades of fire suppression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we now know is that we eventually want to produce trees that have kind of a clumped and open – a group-y, gap-y type structure,” he says. “That’s the pattern we find time and time again in these forests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trees could be planted in a way that mimics that natural pattern – in clumps instead of rows. That could make them more resilient to future fires, North says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of scientists and environmental groups has been meeting to work on that idea. There’s still a lot to learn about how do that type of restoration. But that’s the silver lining of the Rim Fire, North says. With such a high profile fire comes the opportunity to learn from it.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20636/a-year-after-rim-fire-debate-sparks-over-replanting-trees",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_43"
],
"tags": [
"science_762",
"science_763",
"science_64",
"science_670",
"science_607",
"science_787",
"science_113"
],
"featImg": "science_20641",
"label": "science"
},
"science_20544": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20544",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20544",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1408140519000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1408140519,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Gardening in the Drought: What Makes a Plant 'Drought-Tolerant'",
"headTitle": "Gardening in the Drought: What Makes a Plant ‘Drought-Tolerant’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Kathy Shield\u003cbr>\nIntern, \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s historic drought has lots of gardeners searching for drought-tolerant plants. But what, exactly, makes a plant \u003ca href=\"http://www.laspilitas.com/garden/drought.html\">drought-tolerant\u003c/a>? The term is a “catch-all to describe using plants that use less water,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.floragrubb.com/idx/index.php\">Flora Grubb\u003c/a>, the owner of a San Francisco garden store, explained on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408121000\">\u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falling into that “catch-all” category are plants that have evolved different physiological strategies to survive the dry times in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to drought-tolerant plants for your yard, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sunset.com/\">Sunset’s\u003c/a> garden editor Kathleen Brenzel has one recommendation: “The best thing you can do is \u003ca href=\"http://plantfinder.sunset.com/plant-home.jsp;jsessionid=3EC5F4B5E3240618C5FABA4A831CEF4C\">choose appropriate plant\u003c/a>s for your region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tiny Hairs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20610\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/6958026122_cfe6e3759a_z.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20610 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/6958026122_cfe6e3759a_z.jpg\" alt=\"Twinberry honeysuckle has tiny hairs that help it collect water. (docentjoyce/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Twinberry honeysuckle has tiny hairs that help it collect water. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/docentjoyce/6958026122/in/photolist-5xQfjo-5mWLNt-55Qsz8-87AmdP-gM4ErC-gM4Fo9-acrzCY-bARGKC-nGYZxE-59tqoB-mgyNWX-o3zric-o3LCQ1-5nYjsS-6gAsWQ-SA43Q-SA43s-bWb9Yz-oyfvVD-owhSDQ-74DkMK-cPLrJm-fnLoEX-fqAtLi-fqArwe-fqAwwM-fqAsxa-fqAvfB-fqQFnW-o4GsS5-8488om-cBXuiG-k4pjZ2-5b5NBt-c9XARG-eYcFL2-eYcEUH-eYp4WJ-6tPjJy-6tKbn6-bWGy1L-6KnyoW-9vGCk7-542jV8-546yU9-546z43-9vDzxi-bUgumM-cbCH9o-6PcoSB/\">docentjoyce/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some \u003ca href=\"http://www.perennialresource.com/articles/518_Drought-Tolerant-Perennials.aspx\">drought-tolerant plant\u003c/a>s use trichomes, or tiny hairs, to grab water and hold onto it. These hairs reduce air flow over the leaves of the plant, reducing evaporation. Plants that are native to foggy coastal regions use trichomes to pull water from the air. Some plants can get half of all their water this way. Trichomes cover the flowers and leaves of Twinberry honeysuckle (\u003cem>Lonicera involucrata\u003c/em>), which grows along the coastline from Alaska all the way to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Waxy Surfaces \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/5264550029_a664d91bab_z.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20614 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/5264550029_a664d91bab_z.jpg\" alt=\"The waxy surface on the agave helps it retain water. (John Loo/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The waxy surface on the agave helps it retain water. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/johnloo/5264550029/in/photolist-92dciX-8oS3xS-7EfwYV-aCos9K-duBWcU-aTNC8B-95D7Yg-j8bGVV-7UV7vZ-bFRJPV-7amnyK-a5752R-ko6yV-5Yf4Pd-igtoX-s8Hjj-59zrjS-9J3QQn-7QVZiZ-7Apfg1-m4WEmr-4p5f9h-6oFobe-9PkBBR-6TdDN-7ApdLQ-7SSg7Q-c7Wh6C-nXtd7e-9quDR5-9LMmt5-dmkKDV-bniM9Z-apBS5g-koak1-99PibR-uUMUb-apzjNG-m3wkKe-9xbmtc-dvZZhx-dq8Rpi-cTmEFA-qmtkh-dSL4La-bCfWFW-4uP9Kd-cTmDpA-ajNErQ-9uEv2K\">John Loo/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All plants have a thin waxy cuticle, but many drought-tolerant plants grow thick coatings as a barrier against the environment. Plants in limited water environments develop these coatings to help retain water by limiting transpiration. Agave plants, such as the Southern Californian desert agave (A\u003cem>gave deserti\u003c/em>), have thick waxy layers on their leaves, which insulate the plant from the hot desert sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lateral Roots\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20616\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 458px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/1471016030_32d912cf8d_z.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20616 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/1471016030_32d912cf8d_z.jpg\" alt=\"The California oak's roots extend far and wide. (Josh Mazgelis/Flickr)\" width=\"458\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California oak’s roots extend far and wide. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/joshmaz/1471016030/in/photolist-3eZkPm-2avEto-n7vJwK-7LHm1M-dXewFc-6fJhek-ovtSFg-ovYFg4\">Josh Mazgelis/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Plants native to different regions have evolved different root structures. In general, trees grow a single, wide tap root deep into the ground, which gives the tree dependable moisture. In regions with dry summers, trees also grow lateral root systems along the surface, which give the tree stability and the majority of the moisture and the nutrients it needs. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaoaks.org/ExtAssets/CareOfCAsNativeOaks.pdf\">California oak tree (\u003cem>Quercus agrifolia\u003c/em>)\u003c/a> has a root system that extends as far as 90 feet beyond its branches, adapted to wet winters and long, dry summers throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Storage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/8542281037_c954fb85d3_z.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20617 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/8542281037_c954fb85d3_z.jpg\" alt=\"Succulents can store water in their leaves to hold them over during dry periods. (FarOutFlora/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Succulents can store water in their leaves to hold them over during dry periods. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/faroutflora/8542281037/in/photolist-e1Rqxx-czfPLA-hhMai-czfPTJ-bdBzyF-hiKPA-hhMDd-bdTr52-7sk74A-hhLZH-9Tagpf-9T7ttv-4VMRLL-7sjZ7b-hhNe9-a5kxtr-fKZCKt-fKZDia-2PRa3-9BvbTV-bnCQzN-7mnPqf-9AQQTS-4RyJb2-nohsJ-nohun-nohwS-8Q4r5h-9L3Qh4-9L6BPU-hiL8K-a5Vmkh-c1W3Dm-eMgz4S-a5SvqP-6qVugo-7YiyMU-hiKW5-hhMZu-hhMwF-hhMqM-ax8roL-ib72AR-nQMGFU-8Q4F1G-c1W1qj-mXPBMF-mXPCQH-8Fs1yQ-cymg8C/\">FarOutFlora/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.desertmuseum.org/programs/succulents_definition.php\">Succulents\u003c/a> are particularly drought-tolerant. They contain tissue capable of storing water, so they can survive for short periods without water. They often have thick, fleshy leaves, like spiral aloe (\u003cem>Aloe polyphylla\u003c/em>) a non-native plant that does well in regions with variable water supply, including the Bay Area. Some succulents can also store water in their stems and roots, including certain bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For tips on creating a drought-friendly garden, listen to the full \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408121000\">Forum\u003c/a>\u003c/em> episode:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162865882&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 499,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1704933132,
"excerpt": "Plants have evolved all sorts of ways to survive the dry times in California.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Plants have evolved all sorts of ways to survive the dry times in California.",
"title": "Gardening in the Drought: What Makes a Plant 'Drought-Tolerant' | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Gardening in the Drought: What Makes a Plant 'Drought-Tolerant'",
"datePublished": "2014-08-15T15:08:39-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:32:12-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "gardening-in-the-drought-what-makes-a-plant-drought-tolerant",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20544/gardening-in-the-drought-what-makes-a-plant-drought-tolerant",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Kathy Shield\u003cbr>\nIntern, \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s historic drought has lots of gardeners searching for drought-tolerant plants. But what, exactly, makes a plant \u003ca href=\"http://www.laspilitas.com/garden/drought.html\">drought-tolerant\u003c/a>? The term is a “catch-all to describe using plants that use less water,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.floragrubb.com/idx/index.php\">Flora Grubb\u003c/a>, the owner of a San Francisco garden store, explained on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408121000\">\u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falling into that “catch-all” category are plants that have evolved different physiological strategies to survive the dry times in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to drought-tolerant plants for your yard, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sunset.com/\">Sunset’s\u003c/a> garden editor Kathleen Brenzel has one recommendation: “The best thing you can do is \u003ca href=\"http://plantfinder.sunset.com/plant-home.jsp;jsessionid=3EC5F4B5E3240618C5FABA4A831CEF4C\">choose appropriate plant\u003c/a>s for your region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tiny Hairs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20610\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/6958026122_cfe6e3759a_z.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20610 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/6958026122_cfe6e3759a_z.jpg\" alt=\"Twinberry honeysuckle has tiny hairs that help it collect water. (docentjoyce/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Twinberry honeysuckle has tiny hairs that help it collect water. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/docentjoyce/6958026122/in/photolist-5xQfjo-5mWLNt-55Qsz8-87AmdP-gM4ErC-gM4Fo9-acrzCY-bARGKC-nGYZxE-59tqoB-mgyNWX-o3zric-o3LCQ1-5nYjsS-6gAsWQ-SA43Q-SA43s-bWb9Yz-oyfvVD-owhSDQ-74DkMK-cPLrJm-fnLoEX-fqAtLi-fqArwe-fqAwwM-fqAsxa-fqAvfB-fqQFnW-o4GsS5-8488om-cBXuiG-k4pjZ2-5b5NBt-c9XARG-eYcFL2-eYcEUH-eYp4WJ-6tPjJy-6tKbn6-bWGy1L-6KnyoW-9vGCk7-542jV8-546yU9-546z43-9vDzxi-bUgumM-cbCH9o-6PcoSB/\">docentjoyce/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some \u003ca href=\"http://www.perennialresource.com/articles/518_Drought-Tolerant-Perennials.aspx\">drought-tolerant plant\u003c/a>s use trichomes, or tiny hairs, to grab water and hold onto it. These hairs reduce air flow over the leaves of the plant, reducing evaporation. Plants that are native to foggy coastal regions use trichomes to pull water from the air. Some plants can get half of all their water this way. Trichomes cover the flowers and leaves of Twinberry honeysuckle (\u003cem>Lonicera involucrata\u003c/em>), which grows along the coastline from Alaska all the way to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Waxy Surfaces \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/5264550029_a664d91bab_z.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20614 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/5264550029_a664d91bab_z.jpg\" alt=\"The waxy surface on the agave helps it retain water. (John Loo/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The waxy surface on the agave helps it retain water. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/johnloo/5264550029/in/photolist-92dciX-8oS3xS-7EfwYV-aCos9K-duBWcU-aTNC8B-95D7Yg-j8bGVV-7UV7vZ-bFRJPV-7amnyK-a5752R-ko6yV-5Yf4Pd-igtoX-s8Hjj-59zrjS-9J3QQn-7QVZiZ-7Apfg1-m4WEmr-4p5f9h-6oFobe-9PkBBR-6TdDN-7ApdLQ-7SSg7Q-c7Wh6C-nXtd7e-9quDR5-9LMmt5-dmkKDV-bniM9Z-apBS5g-koak1-99PibR-uUMUb-apzjNG-m3wkKe-9xbmtc-dvZZhx-dq8Rpi-cTmEFA-qmtkh-dSL4La-bCfWFW-4uP9Kd-cTmDpA-ajNErQ-9uEv2K\">John Loo/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All plants have a thin waxy cuticle, but many drought-tolerant plants grow thick coatings as a barrier against the environment. Plants in limited water environments develop these coatings to help retain water by limiting transpiration. Agave plants, such as the Southern Californian desert agave (A\u003cem>gave deserti\u003c/em>), have thick waxy layers on their leaves, which insulate the plant from the hot desert sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lateral Roots\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20616\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 458px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/1471016030_32d912cf8d_z.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20616 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/1471016030_32d912cf8d_z.jpg\" alt=\"The California oak's roots extend far and wide. (Josh Mazgelis/Flickr)\" width=\"458\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California oak’s roots extend far and wide. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/joshmaz/1471016030/in/photolist-3eZkPm-2avEto-n7vJwK-7LHm1M-dXewFc-6fJhek-ovtSFg-ovYFg4\">Josh Mazgelis/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Plants native to different regions have evolved different root structures. In general, trees grow a single, wide tap root deep into the ground, which gives the tree dependable moisture. In regions with dry summers, trees also grow lateral root systems along the surface, which give the tree stability and the majority of the moisture and the nutrients it needs. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaoaks.org/ExtAssets/CareOfCAsNativeOaks.pdf\">California oak tree (\u003cem>Quercus agrifolia\u003c/em>)\u003c/a> has a root system that extends as far as 90 feet beyond its branches, adapted to wet winters and long, dry summers throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Storage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/8542281037_c954fb85d3_z.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20617 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/8542281037_c954fb85d3_z.jpg\" alt=\"Succulents can store water in their leaves to hold them over during dry periods. (FarOutFlora/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Succulents can store water in their leaves to hold them over during dry periods. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/faroutflora/8542281037/in/photolist-e1Rqxx-czfPLA-hhMai-czfPTJ-bdBzyF-hiKPA-hhMDd-bdTr52-7sk74A-hhLZH-9Tagpf-9T7ttv-4VMRLL-7sjZ7b-hhNe9-a5kxtr-fKZCKt-fKZDia-2PRa3-9BvbTV-bnCQzN-7mnPqf-9AQQTS-4RyJb2-nohsJ-nohun-nohwS-8Q4r5h-9L3Qh4-9L6BPU-hiL8K-a5Vmkh-c1W3Dm-eMgz4S-a5SvqP-6qVugo-7YiyMU-hiKW5-hhMZu-hhMwF-hhMqM-ax8roL-ib72AR-nQMGFU-8Q4F1G-c1W1qj-mXPBMF-mXPCQH-8Fs1yQ-cymg8C/\">FarOutFlora/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.desertmuseum.org/programs/succulents_definition.php\">Succulents\u003c/a> are particularly drought-tolerant. They contain tissue capable of storing water, so they can survive for short periods without water. They often have thick, fleshy leaves, like spiral aloe (\u003cem>Aloe polyphylla\u003c/em>) a non-native plant that does well in regions with variable water supply, including the Bay Area. Some succulents can also store water in their stems and roots, including certain bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For tips on creating a drought-friendly garden, listen to the full \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408121000\">Forum\u003c/a>\u003c/em> episode:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162865882&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20544/gardening-in-the-drought-what-makes-a-plant-drought-tolerant",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_572"
],
"featImg": "science_20614",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_20554": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20554",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20554",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1408037387000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1408037387,
"format": "aside",
"title": "California Isn't Just Dry -- It's Hot",
"headTitle": "California Isn’t Just Dry — It’s Hot | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20557\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS1213_P1000565-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20557 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS1213_P1000565-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"California's average temperature for January through July 2014 was the warmest ever. (Craig Miller/Climate Watch)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s average temperature for January through July 2014 was the warmest ever recorded. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California might be headed for its hottest year on record. The state’s average temperature for the first half of the year is already its highest in recorded history, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/2014/7\">a recent report\u003c/a> by the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Association’s Climatic Data Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average temperature for January through July was 60.9 degrees Fahrenheit. It beat the previous record, set in 1934, by 1.4 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely been warmer,” said Kevin Baker, meteorologist-in-charge at the National Weather Service office in Monterey. “A lot of it has to do with the sea surface temperatures being warmer than they normally are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northwestern winds that usually cause cool water upwelling from the bottom of the ocean have been weaker than normal. Warmer sea surfaces mean warmer air temperatures, Baker said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He expects the warm trend to continue into the fall. “It’s possible we’ll have more records coming our way, so standby for warmer-than-normal temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to NOAA, three California cities have also broken average temperature records this year. Fresno, San Francisco and Sacramento \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/2014/7/supplemental/page-1\">all registered new highs in average temperature.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the state is breaking a record this year, Jan Null, certified consulting meteorologist for Golden Gate Weather Services, said no single year is significant in itself. What matters is how this year fits into larger temperature trends that climatologists are studying, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s certainly been this continued upward trend,” Null said. “We’re seeing a warmer climate.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 293,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 10
},
"modified": 1704933139,
"excerpt": "California's average temperature for January through July was the highest on record.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "California's average temperature for January through July was the highest on record.",
"title": "California Isn't Just Dry -- It's Hot | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Isn't Just Dry -- It's Hot",
"datePublished": "2014-08-14T10:29:47-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:32:19-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-isnt-just-dry-its-hot",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20554/california-isnt-just-dry-its-hot",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20557\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS1213_P1000565-1024x768.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20557 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS1213_P1000565-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"California's average temperature for January through July 2014 was the warmest ever. (Craig Miller/Climate Watch)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s average temperature for January through July 2014 was the warmest ever recorded. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California might be headed for its hottest year on record. The state’s average temperature for the first half of the year is already its highest in recorded history, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/2014/7\">a recent report\u003c/a> by the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Association’s Climatic Data Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average temperature for January through July was 60.9 degrees Fahrenheit. It beat the previous record, set in 1934, by 1.4 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely been warmer,” said Kevin Baker, meteorologist-in-charge at the National Weather Service office in Monterey. “A lot of it has to do with the sea surface temperatures being warmer than they normally are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northwestern winds that usually cause cool water upwelling from the bottom of the ocean have been weaker than normal. Warmer sea surfaces mean warmer air temperatures, Baker said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He expects the warm trend to continue into the fall. “It’s possible we’ll have more records coming our way, so standby for warmer-than-normal temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to NOAA, three California cities have also broken average temperature records this year. Fresno, San Francisco and Sacramento \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/2014/7/supplemental/page-1\">all registered new highs in average temperature.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the state is breaking a record this year, Jan Null, certified consulting meteorologist for Golden Gate Weather Services, said no single year is significant in itself. What matters is how this year fits into larger temperature trends that climatologists are studying, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s certainly been this continued upward trend,” Null said. “We’re seeing a warmer climate.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20554/california-isnt-just-dry-its-hot",
"authors": [
"1565"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_182",
"science_5182"
],
"featImg": "science_20557",
"label": "science"
},
"science_20515": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20515",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20515",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1407894805000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1407894805,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Water Restrictions: Meaning of 'Mandatory' Depends on Where You Live",
"headTitle": "Water Restrictions: Meaning of ‘Mandatory’ Depends on Where You Live | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/crop_1945.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20533\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/crop_1945.jpg\" alt=\"Water agencies say they're cracking down on outside watering -- but enforcement is murky. (Craig Miller)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water agencies say they’re cracking down on outside watering — but enforcement is murky. (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the Bay Area’s highest-profile water agencies enacted their versions of “mandatory” water restrictions on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customers of the \u003ca title=\"SFPUC - main\" href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a> are facing an edict to cut outdoor water use by 10 percent. But as a practical matter, the order applies mainly to the Commission’s 1,600 customers with separate metered water accounts for landscape irrigation — golf courses, parks and the like. Those customers who fail to comply could see their water rates doubled. SFPUC General Manager Harlan Kelly called it, “a small, but important step.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s water cops \u003ca title=\"SFPUC - 311\" href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=130\">will rely on whistleblowers\u003c/a> for broader enforcement. Customers with three \u003ca title=\"SFPUC - water violations\" href=\"http://sf311.org/index.aspx?page=811\">reported violations\u003c/a> could be fined $100 per day, but in general, SFPUC “will be focusing on education and training, not policing and fining,” according to a Commission news release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokesman Tyrone Jue says that after a slow start, SFPUC customers (in San Francisco and three other Bay Area counties) have tripled their water savings since late June and are on track to attain an overall 10 percent reduction benchmark by Labor Day. The latest restrictions don’t take effect until mid-September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re more of the carrot versus a stick type of agency.’\u003ccite>Andrea Pook, EBMUD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile the 1.3 million customers of the East Bay Municipal Utilities District have \u003ca title=\"EBMUD - restrix\" href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/about/news/releases/2014/08/12/mandatory-outdoor-watering-restrictions-effect-for-ebmud-residents-an\">their own new set of mandatory water restrictions\u003c/a>. Actually they’re the same voluntary rules that the District already had in place, but are now deemed mandatory under its newly declared “water shortage emergency.” But officials at EBMUD don’t plan to impose fines on water wasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re more of the carrot versus a stick type of agency,” says EBMUD spokeswoman Andrea Pook. She says residents are encouraged to call the District and report wasteful watering when they see it. On average, EBMUD customers use 40 percent of their water outdoors. When customers are fingered for profligate watering, Pook says her agency’s approach is to, “talk with the people first,” followed by a letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly we do have the right to put a flow restrictor on or even shut someone’s water off if they are a flagrant water abuser.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pook says EBMUD customers as a group have already surpassed the 10 percent savings goal that the District has asked for previously and for now, that’s enough. Pook says that EBMUD water supplies are in better shape than many, so from her agency’s standpoint, “We’re not looking at Year 4 of drought, we are in Year 1 of drought. We feel like we’re doing our homework to plan ahead, but you never know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay MUD’s mandatory water rules echo the recently issued state guidelines:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Limit watering of outdoor landscapes to two times per week maximum.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Prevent excess runoff when watering their landscapes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use only hoses with shutoff nozzles to wash vehicles.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use a broom or air blower, not water, to clean hard surfaces such as driveways and sidewalks, except as needed for health and safety purposes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Turn off any fountain or decorative water feature unless the water is recirculated.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/163193810&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 571,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1704933145,
"excerpt": "Enforcement strategies are all over the map, literally and figuratively.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Enforcement strategies are all over the map, literally and figuratively.",
"title": "Water Restrictions: Meaning of 'Mandatory' Depends on Where You Live | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Water Restrictions: Meaning of 'Mandatory' Depends on Where You Live",
"datePublished": "2014-08-12T18:53:25-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:32:25-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "water-restrictions-meaning-of-mandatory-depends-on-where-you-live",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20515/water-restrictions-meaning-of-mandatory-depends-on-where-you-live",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/crop_1945.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20533\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/crop_1945.jpg\" alt=\"Water agencies say they're cracking down on outside watering -- but enforcement is murky. (Craig Miller)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water agencies say they’re cracking down on outside watering — but enforcement is murky. (Craig Miller)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the Bay Area’s highest-profile water agencies enacted their versions of “mandatory” water restrictions on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customers of the \u003ca title=\"SFPUC - main\" href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a> are facing an edict to cut outdoor water use by 10 percent. But as a practical matter, the order applies mainly to the Commission’s 1,600 customers with separate metered water accounts for landscape irrigation — golf courses, parks and the like. Those customers who fail to comply could see their water rates doubled. SFPUC General Manager Harlan Kelly called it, “a small, but important step.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s water cops \u003ca title=\"SFPUC - 311\" href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/index.aspx?page=130\">will rely on whistleblowers\u003c/a> for broader enforcement. Customers with three \u003ca title=\"SFPUC - water violations\" href=\"http://sf311.org/index.aspx?page=811\">reported violations\u003c/a> could be fined $100 per day, but in general, SFPUC “will be focusing on education and training, not policing and fining,” according to a Commission news release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokesman Tyrone Jue says that after a slow start, SFPUC customers (in San Francisco and three other Bay Area counties) have tripled their water savings since late June and are on track to attain an overall 10 percent reduction benchmark by Labor Day. The latest restrictions don’t take effect until mid-September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re more of the carrot versus a stick type of agency.’\u003ccite>Andrea Pook, EBMUD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile the 1.3 million customers of the East Bay Municipal Utilities District have \u003ca title=\"EBMUD - restrix\" href=\"https://www.ebmud.com/about/news/releases/2014/08/12/mandatory-outdoor-watering-restrictions-effect-for-ebmud-residents-an\">their own new set of mandatory water restrictions\u003c/a>. Actually they’re the same voluntary rules that the District already had in place, but are now deemed mandatory under its newly declared “water shortage emergency.” But officials at EBMUD don’t plan to impose fines on water wasters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re more of the carrot versus a stick type of agency,” says EBMUD spokeswoman Andrea Pook. She says residents are encouraged to call the District and report wasteful watering when they see it. On average, EBMUD customers use 40 percent of their water outdoors. When customers are fingered for profligate watering, Pook says her agency’s approach is to, “talk with the people first,” followed by a letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly we do have the right to put a flow restrictor on or even shut someone’s water off if they are a flagrant water abuser.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pook says EBMUD customers as a group have already surpassed the 10 percent savings goal that the District has asked for previously and for now, that’s enough. Pook says that EBMUD water supplies are in better shape than many, so from her agency’s standpoint, “We’re not looking at Year 4 of drought, we are in Year 1 of drought. We feel like we’re doing our homework to plan ahead, but you never know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Bay MUD’s mandatory water rules echo the recently issued state guidelines:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Limit watering of outdoor landscapes to two times per week maximum.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Prevent excess runoff when watering their landscapes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use only hoses with shutoff nozzles to wash vehicles.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use a broom or air blower, not water, to clean hard surfaces such as driveways and sidewalks, except as needed for health and safety purposes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Turn off any fountain or decorative water feature unless the water is recirculated.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/163193810&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20515/water-restrictions-meaning-of-mandatory-depends-on-where-you-live",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_572",
"science_64",
"science_201"
],
"featImg": "science_20533",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_20513": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_20513",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "20513",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1407890559000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1407890559,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Stanford Professor Is First Woman to Win Math's Highest Prize",
"headTitle": "Stanford Professor Is First Woman to Win Math’s Highest Prize | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/14167-math_maryam.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20521\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/14167-math_maryam.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to win the Fields Medal. (Courtesy of Maryam Mirzakhani)\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to win the Fields Medal. (Courtesy of Maryam Mirzakhani)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Stanford professor is the first-ever woman to win the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations/\">Fields Medal\u003c/a>, the highest award given to mathematicians. Maryam Mirzakhani studies geometry and a field called “dynamical systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/august/fields-medal-mirzakhani-081214.html\">press release from Stanford\u003c/a> cites\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>…Mirzakhani’s sophisticated and highly original contributions to the fields of geometry and dynamical systems, particularly in understanding the symmetry of curved surfaces, such as spheres, the surfaces of doughnuts and of hyperbolic objects. Although her work is considered “pure mathematics” and is mostly theoretical, it has implications for physics and quantum field theory.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Mirzakhani, who was not offering interviews at the time of the announcement, grew up in Iran, and was a brilliant mathematician even as a teenager, \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-a-tenacious-explorer-of-abstract-surfaces/\">according to a profile\u003c/a> by the science magazine \u003cem>Quanta\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Petite but indomitable, Mirzakhani has a reputation among mathematicians for tackling the most difficult questions in her field with dogged persistence. “She has a fearless ambition when it comes to mathematics,” said Curtis McMullen of Harvard University, who was Mirzakhani’s doctoral adviser.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Fields Medal is sometimes described as the “Nobel Prize for math,” and is awarded every four years to mathematicians under the age of 40. The other winners this year, all profiled by \u003cem>Quanta\u003c/em> are \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-the-musical-magical-number-theorist/\">Manjul Bhargava\u003c/a>, a professor at Princeton University; \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140808-in-mathematical-noise-one-who-heard-music/\">Martin Hairer\u003c/a> of the University of Oxford in England; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-a-brazilian-wunderkind-who-calms-chaos/\">Artur Avila\u003c/a>, who teaches at the Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu in Paris, and is the first Brazilian to win the Fields Medal. The award was established in 1936.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 279,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1704933147,
"excerpt": "Maryam Mirzakhani studies geometry and a field called \"dynamical systems.\"",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Maryam Mirzakhani studies geometry and a field called "dynamical systems."",
"title": "Stanford Professor Is First Woman to Win Math's Highest Prize | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Stanford Professor Is First Woman to Win Math's Highest Prize",
"datePublished": "2014-08-12T17:42:39-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T16:32:27-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "stanford-professor-is-first-woman-to-win-maths-highest-prize",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/20513/stanford-professor-is-first-woman-to-win-maths-highest-prize",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/14167-math_maryam.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20521\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/14167-math_maryam.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to win the Fields Medal. (Courtesy of Maryam Mirzakhani)\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to win the Fields Medal. (Courtesy of Maryam Mirzakhani)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Stanford professor is the first-ever woman to win the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations/\">Fields Medal\u003c/a>, the highest award given to mathematicians. Maryam Mirzakhani studies geometry and a field called “dynamical systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/august/fields-medal-mirzakhani-081214.html\">press release from Stanford\u003c/a> cites\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>…Mirzakhani’s sophisticated and highly original contributions to the fields of geometry and dynamical systems, particularly in understanding the symmetry of curved surfaces, such as spheres, the surfaces of doughnuts and of hyperbolic objects. Although her work is considered “pure mathematics” and is mostly theoretical, it has implications for physics and quantum field theory.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Mirzakhani, who was not offering interviews at the time of the announcement, grew up in Iran, and was a brilliant mathematician even as a teenager, \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-a-tenacious-explorer-of-abstract-surfaces/\">according to a profile\u003c/a> by the science magazine \u003cem>Quanta\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Petite but indomitable, Mirzakhani has a reputation among mathematicians for tackling the most difficult questions in her field with dogged persistence. “She has a fearless ambition when it comes to mathematics,” said Curtis McMullen of Harvard University, who was Mirzakhani’s doctoral adviser.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Fields Medal is sometimes described as the “Nobel Prize for math,” and is awarded every four years to mathematicians under the age of 40. The other winners this year, all profiled by \u003cem>Quanta\u003c/em> are \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-the-musical-magical-number-theorist/\">Manjul Bhargava\u003c/a>, a professor at Princeton University; \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140808-in-mathematical-noise-one-who-heard-music/\">Martin Hairer\u003c/a> of the University of Oxford in England; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-a-brazilian-wunderkind-who-calms-chaos/\">Artur Avila\u003c/a>, who teaches at the Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu in Paris, and is the first Brazilian to win the Fields Medal. The award was established in 1936.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/20513/stanford-professor-is-first-woman-to-win-maths-highest-prize",
"authors": [
"200"
],
"categories": [
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_5187"
],
"featImg": "science_20521",
"label": "science"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=news": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 3072,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 3366,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_20956",
"science_20918",
"science_20903",
"science_20869",
"science_20756",
"science_20771",
"science_20683",
"science_20636",
"science_20544",
"science_20554",
"science_20515",
"science_20513"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_news": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_38": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_38",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "38",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Geology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Geology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 40,
"slug": "geology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/geology"
},
"science_257": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_257",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "257",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "earthquake",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "earthquake Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 261,
"slug": "earthquake",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/earthquake"
},
"science_64": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_64",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "64",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "full-image",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "full-image Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 67,
"slug": "full-image",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/full-image"
},
"science_1842": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1842",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1842",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "loma prieta earthquake",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "loma prieta earthquake Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1853,
"slug": "loma-prieta-earthquake",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/loma-prieta-earthquake"
},
"science_1841": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1841",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1841",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "south napa earthquake",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "south napa earthquake Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1852,
"slug": "south-napa-earthquake",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/south-napa-earthquake"
},
"science_838": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_838",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "838",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "USGS",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "USGS Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 844,
"slug": "usgs-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/usgs-2"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_5193": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5193",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5193",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chevron",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chevron Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5193,
"slug": "chevron",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/chevron"
},
"science_112": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_112",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "112",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fire Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 116,
"slug": "fire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fire"
},
"science_1455": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1455",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1455",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "richmond",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "richmond Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1464,
"slug": "richmond",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/richmond"
},
"science_30": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/biology"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_1151": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1151",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1151",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Drought Watch",
"description": "\u003cem>What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>)\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n[iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"]\r\n\r\n\u003cem>We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the \u003ca href=\"#background\">background\u003c/a> and rounding up \u003ca href=\"#river\">all the stories\u003c/a> we’ve produced.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Relief at Last\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. Relief at Last In early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago. [http_redir]",
"title": "Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1160,
"slug": "california-drought-watch",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/california-drought-watch"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_1678": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1678",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1678",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate central",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate central Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1687,
"slug": "climate-central",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-central"
},
"science_572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 578,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought"
},
"science_490": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_490",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "490",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "groundwater",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "groundwater Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 496,
"slug": "groundwater",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/groundwater"
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_43": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_43",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "43",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Radio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Radio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 45,
"slug": "radio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/radio"
},
"science_46": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_46",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "46",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Audio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 48,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/audio"
},
"science_762": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_762",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "762",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "forest",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "forest Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 769,
"slug": "forest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/forest"
},
"science_763": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_763",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "763",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "forest service",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "forest service Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 770,
"slug": "forest-service",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/forest-service"
},
"science_670": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_670",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "670",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "restoration",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "restoration Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 676,
"slug": "restoration",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/restoration"
},
"science_607": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_607",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "607",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Rim Fire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Rim Fire Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 613,
"slug": "rim-fire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/rim-fire"
},
"science_787": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_787",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "787",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "trees",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "trees Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 794,
"slug": "trees",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/trees"
},
"science_113": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_113",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "113",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wildfire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wildfire Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 117,
"slug": "wildfire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/wildfire"
},
"science_182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 186,
"slug": "climate-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-2"
},
"science_5182": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5182",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5182",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NOAA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NOAA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5182,
"slug": "noaa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/noaa"
},
"science_201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 205,
"slug": "water-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/water-2"
},
"science_5187": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5187",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5187",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Stanford University",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Stanford University Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5187,
"slug": "stanford-university",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/stanford-university"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
