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"title": "California Aquaculture Companies Explore Sustainable Fish Farming",
"headTitle": "California Aquaculture Companies Explore Sustainable Fish Farming | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Chris Richard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21430\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the past 20 years, fish farm production worldwide has quadrupled. According to United Nations estimates, it’s on a pace to account for half of the world’s total fish catch by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of the farm-produced seafood consumed in this country is imported, much of it from Asia, and that has raised concerns about environmental and public health regulation at overseas fish farms. Now some California aquaculture businesses are pitching environmentally friendly ways to bring more business here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the strictest environmental protection laws for fish farming in the country. But so far, the state’s aquaculture industry is embryonic. It added up to just $175 million in total value last year, said Randy Lovell, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife aquaculture coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there.’\u003ccite>— Phil Cruver, Catalina Sea Ranch\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Catalina Sea Ranch spent more than two years convincing the California Coastal Commission that it can operate in a stretch of ocean about 6 miles offshore from Long Beach without hurting the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company president Phil Cruver says he’s ready to make good on his promises. At a recent press event, he displayed an array of buoy-mounted monitors that will transmit data from the farm site in real time, using an ocean-going cellular phone network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there,” he said. “We’re going to show on 100 acres, independent institutions, that offshore aquaculture is not detrimental to the environmental health of the oceans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from the Sea Ranch monitors will be freely available to researchers, and regulators will track it to determine if operations there have caused environmental harm, Cruver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/166814178&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s well on the way to the $5 million he needs to fund the project, which will be located on the San Pedro shelf. There, cold, nutrient-rich water rises from the depths further out. In October, Cruver plans to set out 40 heavy ropes packed with baby mussels, suspended from buoys and anchored to the sea floor. Next June, he expects to harvest his first crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the big concerns about fish farming is that farm stock might gobble food that the wild population needs or foul the water with waste. Cruver say his university research partners will monitor the waters around the Sea Ranch and he’ll take their direction to keep the ecosystem safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the company’s shore-based breeding tanks, Cruver hopes to grow his own food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’ll use technology developed by Los Angeles-based OriginOil. The company’s research director, Nick Eckelberry, brought an aquarium-sized tank of murky green water to the Sea Ranch press event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21435\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21435\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To show how his system works, Eckelberry flipped a switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, a ghostly cloud of tiny bubbles rose to the surface. The bubbles were oxygen and hydrogen gas, the remnants of water molecules broken up by the electric charge and carrying particles of algae with them as they surfaced. An automated comb swept the water, collecting a pea-soup paste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry says that paste makes good feed for baby mussels and other farmed seafood, too. Right now, fish farms rely on feed made from ground-up anchovies, sardines and mackerel, and that can deplete ocean ecosystems. Eckelberry says algae-based food is a good alternative, but making it has required energy-hungry centrifuges. Until now. He says his process makes algae-based food affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is that you typically have a lot of water and a little bit of algae, and the question is, ‘How do you get the algae out affordably?’ Eckelberry said. “Almost serendipitously, that is what this system does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry said another alternate food based on soy costs more than times what he’ll have to charge for his algae-based fish chow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell, the state aquaculture coordinator, said the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has conducted broad research in alternative feeds in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21438\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"320\" height=\"214\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Typically, fish farms have an additional problem: how to dispose of toxic bio waste. Twenty miles north of the Sea Ranch headquarters, another entrepreneur is working on a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Rosenstein slides open a greenhouse door. There are lush plantings of bok choy, red Russian kale, basil, Bavarian lettuce, celery and more, all growing in water, like a conventional hydroponics operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a corner, there are two large tanks full of water. Rosenstein reaches into one with a net.\u003cbr>\n“I know. Hold on, guys,” he murmurs into the tank. There’s a little splash, then a flurry, with water flying in all directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hold on! One second, please!” Rosenstein pleads, but the struggle just gets fiercer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, dripping with water and panting slightly, Rosenstein holds up a 5-pound catfish in the net for a second. It thrashes free and plunges back into the depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenstein’s greenhouse uses aquaponics, which blends hydroponics and fish farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another farmer would have to worry about disposing of fecal material. Not Rosenstein, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All his waste streams, which he currently pays top dollar to become EPA-compliant, is something I do naturally within the system,” Rosenstein said. “His dollar stops at the point where he harvests his fish. But mine continues. Because I’m doing this system, it’s not a cost. It’s part of the design of the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’\u003ccite>— Karen Ross, California Department of Food and Agriculture\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He composts the waste, turning it into fertilizer for his plants, which in turn helps to purify the water for the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell said he’s intrigued by such models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of attraction to it because of the closing of the cycle, the sharing of nutrients between fish and plants. It pushes a lot of buttons that make a lot of sense, myself included,” he said. “However, many of the people who are involved in aquaponics are making a fair amount of their money by training other people to do it. There aren’t very many commercial-scale aquaponics companies that are making their money on the production itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California Department of Food and Agriculture Secretary Karen Ross said she sees a lot of promise in the approach\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at these systems, a lot of them are recycling water, which is really one of the keys, is, ‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross said a growing sense of urgency over the depletion of wild fish stocks, coupled with the current drought, has state and federal agencies studying environmentally friendly aquaculture. And she knows of several investors who are preparing to launch more such projects.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Chris Richard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21430\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture1-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Rosenstein’s Los Angeles-based Evo Farm uses aquaponics, which combines hydroponics and fish farming. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the past 20 years, fish farm production worldwide has quadrupled. According to United Nations estimates, it’s on a pace to account for half of the world’s total fish catch by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most of the farm-produced seafood consumed in this country is imported, much of it from Asia, and that has raised concerns about environmental and public health regulation at overseas fish farms. Now some California aquaculture businesses are pitching environmentally friendly ways to bring more business here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the strictest environmental protection laws for fish farming in the country. But so far, the state’s aquaculture industry is embryonic. It added up to just $175 million in total value last year, said Randy Lovell, the state Department of Fish and Wildlife aquaculture coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there.’\u003ccite>— Phil Cruver, Catalina Sea Ranch\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Catalina Sea Ranch spent more than two years convincing the California Coastal Commission that it can operate in a stretch of ocean about 6 miles offshore from Long Beach without hurting the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company president Phil Cruver says he’s ready to make good on his promises. At a recent press event, he displayed an array of buoy-mounted monitors that will transmit data from the farm site in real time, using an ocean-going cellular phone network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing that we’ll be putting in to the ocean that’s not already there,” he said. “We’re going to show on 100 acres, independent institutions, that offshore aquaculture is not detrimental to the environmental health of the oceans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data from the Sea Ranch monitors will be freely available to researchers, and regulators will track it to determine if operations there have caused environmental harm, Cruver said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/166814178&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s well on the way to the $5 million he needs to fund the project, which will be located on the San Pedro shelf. There, cold, nutrient-rich water rises from the depths further out. In October, Cruver plans to set out 40 heavy ropes packed with baby mussels, suspended from buoys and anchored to the sea floor. Next June, he expects to harvest his first crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the big concerns about fish farming is that farm stock might gobble food that the wild population needs or foul the water with waste. Cruver say his university research partners will monitor the waters around the Sea Ranch and he’ll take their direction to keep the ecosystem safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the company’s shore-based breeding tanks, Cruver hopes to grow his own food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’ll use technology developed by Los Angeles-based OriginOil. The company’s research director, Nick Eckelberry, brought an aquarium-sized tank of murky green water to the Sea Ranch press event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21435\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21435\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture7-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of OriginOil’s algae-skimming machines already is in use at a tilapia farm in the Mojave Desert community of Thermal. (Courtesy of OriginOil)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To show how his system works, Eckelberry flipped a switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, a ghostly cloud of tiny bubbles rose to the surface. The bubbles were oxygen and hydrogen gas, the remnants of water molecules broken up by the electric charge and carrying particles of algae with them as they surfaced. An automated comb swept the water, collecting a pea-soup paste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry says that paste makes good feed for baby mussels and other farmed seafood, too. Right now, fish farms rely on feed made from ground-up anchovies, sardines and mackerel, and that can deplete ocean ecosystems. Eckelberry says algae-based food is a good alternative, but making it has required energy-hungry centrifuges. Until now. He says his process makes algae-based food affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is that you typically have a lot of water and a little bit of algae, and the question is, ‘How do you get the algae out affordably?’ Eckelberry said. “Almost serendipitously, that is what this system does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckelberry said another alternate food based on soy costs more than times what he’ll have to charge for his algae-based fish chow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell, the state aquaculture coordinator, said the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has conducted broad research in alternative feeds in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21438\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21438\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/aquaculture8-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"320\" height=\"214\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OriginOil turns algae into fish chow. Company research director Nick Eckelberry says the food has comparable nutritive value to soy-based feed, but is much cheaper. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Typically, fish farms have an additional problem: how to dispose of toxic bio waste. Twenty miles north of the Sea Ranch headquarters, another entrepreneur is working on a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Rosenstein slides open a greenhouse door. There are lush plantings of bok choy, red Russian kale, basil, Bavarian lettuce, celery and more, all growing in water, like a conventional hydroponics operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a corner, there are two large tanks full of water. Rosenstein reaches into one with a net.\u003cbr>\n“I know. Hold on, guys,” he murmurs into the tank. There’s a little splash, then a flurry, with water flying in all directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hold on! One second, please!” Rosenstein pleads, but the struggle just gets fiercer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, dripping with water and panting slightly, Rosenstein holds up a 5-pound catfish in the net for a second. It thrashes free and plunges back into the depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenstein’s greenhouse uses aquaponics, which blends hydroponics and fish farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another farmer would have to worry about disposing of fecal material. Not Rosenstein, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All his waste streams, which he currently pays top dollar to become EPA-compliant, is something I do naturally within the system,” Rosenstein said. “His dollar stops at the point where he harvests his fish. But mine continues. Because I’m doing this system, it’s not a cost. It’s part of the design of the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’\u003ccite>— Karen Ross, California Department of Food and Agriculture\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He composts the waste, turning it into fertilizer for his plants, which in turn helps to purify the water for the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lovell said he’s intrigued by such models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of attraction to it because of the closing of the cycle, the sharing of nutrients between fish and plants. It pushes a lot of buttons that make a lot of sense, myself included,” he said. “However, many of the people who are involved in aquaponics are making a fair amount of their money by training other people to do it. There aren’t very many commercial-scale aquaponics companies that are making their money on the production itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California Department of Food and Agriculture Secretary Karen Ross said she sees a lot of promise in the approach\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at these systems, a lot of them are recycling water, which is really one of the keys, is, ‘How do we use every drop of precious water to maximize the value that comes out of that?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross said a growing sense of urgency over the depletion of wild fish stocks, coupled with the current drought, has state and federal agencies studying environmentally friendly aquaculture. And she knows of several investors who are preparing to launch more such projects.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/09/20140908science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21384\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predictmonkey-1024x540.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21384\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predictmonkey-1024x540.jpg\" alt=\"A macaque in Nepal being sampled for viruses it carries. The monkey grabs dental rope with strawberry jam on it, chews on it and leaves it behind. Then scientists can test its saliva. (Courtesy of UC Davis One Health Institute)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"540\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A macaque in Nepal being sampled for viruses it carries. The monkey grabs dental rope with strawberry jam on it, chews on it and leaves it behind. Then scientists can test its saliva.(Courtesy of UC Davis One Health Institute)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As African countries struggle to fight the worst outbreak of Ebola in history, a team at UC Davis is working to identify the next disease like Ebola, before it becomes a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonna Mazet runs the early warning project, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ohi/predict/index.cfm\">Predict\u003c/a>, based at the School of Veterinary Medicine. Many of today’s emerging diseases come from animals. Scientists believe Ebola, for example, is transmitted when people eat fruit bats that carry the virus. So Mazet is searching around the globe for new viruses carried by animals that humans may not have had much contact with before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Animals and the Viruses They Carry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are countless viruses out there in the world. Some that evolved with humans — so we’re the viruses’ primary hosts — and some that evolved to live in other animals. Sometimes the viruses in other animals are able to jump to humans. Those are called zoonoses. And when a zoonosis makes that jump, scientists call it a spillover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throughout history, human beings have been dealing with those spillover events,” Mazet says. “Some of those, we really learn how to control.” Rabies and hantavirus, for instance, are zoonoses. So are some strains of E. coli. We’ve learned to vaccinate our dogs, to be careful about rodent control and to wash our hands and food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the viruses like Ebola, MERS, SARS and HIV, all of which originally came from animals. Until we learn how to control those viruses, they seem a lot scarier than a bout of food poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Searching for the Next Pandemic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predict-sampling-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21511\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predict-sampling-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Recent UC Davis PhD graduate Tierra Smiley Evans sampling a red-tailed guenon. (Courtesy of UC Davis One Health Institute)\" width=\"357\" height=\"238\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recent UC Davis PhD graduate Tierra Smiley Evans sampling a red-tailed guenon. (Courtesy of UC Davis One Health Institute)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Learning about emerging threats is part of what Mazet is doing with Predict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be able to better equip ourselves and the countries that we work with to identify what might be out there that could cause an outbreak like this Ebola outbreak,” Mazet says. “So in order to do that, we need to understand what the hosts are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and the rest of the Predict team, with support from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usaid.gov/\">U.S. Agency for International Development\u003c/a> are searching around the world, looking especially at animals that can live easily around humans — like bats and rodents — and at animals that are closely related to us, like non-human primates. Also of interest are areas where humans are coming into contact with animals in new ways. “We’re more susceptible to an outbreak of disease if our systems are not experienced with that virus or pathogen,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For four years, in 20 different countries, they’ve been testing animals for viruses. So far, they’ve found more than 800, the vast majority of them new to science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preventing the Next Pandemic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21391\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predictmap-1024x664.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21391\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predictmap-1024x664.png\" alt=\"Predict's map shows where the team has sampled animals -- and what viruses they've found. Click on the image to go to the interactive map. \" width=\"357\" height=\"232\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Predict’s map shows where the team has sampled animals — and what viruses they’ve found. Click on the image to go to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthmap.org/predict/\">interactive map\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After finding the viruses and assessing the risk of transmission to humans, the Predict team works with communities to warn people about local threats. They also work with labs and hospitals to help doctors diagnose a broader range of diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of testing people for a specific disease, doctors can use the methods Predict has developed to look for a family of diseases. Not just a specific strain of Ebola, for instance, but for the the whole family of viruses that Ebola is in. “And then we can do some genetic sequencing to say, is that an Ebolavirus that we expect to be in the region,” Mazet says, “or is that another closely related virus that might be the next cause of the next outbreak or pandemic?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to give doctors better tools,” Mazet says. “And to do that we think we need to not be chasing the last flu that was here last year, or the Ebola that was in the neighboring country, we need to be able to look at whatever might be there with a broader eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the approach is, essentially, two-pronged: Search the world for new viruses, and improve diagnostics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is you would know about it ahead of time so you could reduce transmission risk,” Mazet says, “but you would also be able to recognize it super quickly. So instead of taking months like in this Ebola outbreak, and potentially allowing the outbreak to get out of control, you’d be able to diagnose it and shut it down very quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Difference Education Makes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emerging diseases can travel as fast and as far as people can, since they can hitch a ride with us on airplanes. That’s what happened with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/sars/about/fs-SARS.html\">SARS outbreak in 2003\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For Ebola, we’re really being vigilant and watching out for it,” Mazet says. “In the decade since the SARS outbreak, we’ve learned a lot.” How to track patients and passengers, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazet says the knowledge she and others are amassing could someday prove critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds dramatic to say we found these 800 viruses that might cause a pandemic,” Mazet acknowledges. “Likely they’re not going to cause a pandemic, but if we don’t know about them, we aren’t watching for them, we can’t learn about them and we can’t reduce transmission risk.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21384\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predictmonkey-1024x540.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-21384\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predictmonkey-1024x540.jpg\" alt=\"A macaque in Nepal being sampled for viruses it carries. The monkey grabs dental rope with strawberry jam on it, chews on it and leaves it behind. Then scientists can test its saliva. (Courtesy of UC Davis One Health Institute)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"540\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A macaque in Nepal being sampled for viruses it carries. The monkey grabs dental rope with strawberry jam on it, chews on it and leaves it behind. Then scientists can test its saliva.(Courtesy of UC Davis One Health Institute)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As African countries struggle to fight the worst outbreak of Ebola in history, a team at UC Davis is working to identify the next disease like Ebola, before it becomes a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonna Mazet runs the early warning project, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/ohi/predict/index.cfm\">Predict\u003c/a>, based at the School of Veterinary Medicine. Many of today’s emerging diseases come from animals. Scientists believe Ebola, for example, is transmitted when people eat fruit bats that carry the virus. So Mazet is searching around the globe for new viruses carried by animals that humans may not have had much contact with before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Animals and the Viruses They Carry\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are countless viruses out there in the world. Some that evolved with humans — so we’re the viruses’ primary hosts — and some that evolved to live in other animals. Sometimes the viruses in other animals are able to jump to humans. Those are called zoonoses. And when a zoonosis makes that jump, scientists call it a spillover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throughout history, human beings have been dealing with those spillover events,” Mazet says. “Some of those, we really learn how to control.” Rabies and hantavirus, for instance, are zoonoses. So are some strains of E. coli. We’ve learned to vaccinate our dogs, to be careful about rodent control and to wash our hands and food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the viruses like Ebola, MERS, SARS and HIV, all of which originally came from animals. Until we learn how to control those viruses, they seem a lot scarier than a bout of food poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Searching for the Next Pandemic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21511\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predict-sampling-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21511\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predict-sampling-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Recent UC Davis PhD graduate Tierra Smiley Evans sampling a red-tailed guenon. (Courtesy of UC Davis One Health Institute)\" width=\"357\" height=\"238\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recent UC Davis PhD graduate Tierra Smiley Evans sampling a red-tailed guenon. (Courtesy of UC Davis One Health Institute)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Learning about emerging threats is part of what Mazet is doing with Predict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be able to better equip ourselves and the countries that we work with to identify what might be out there that could cause an outbreak like this Ebola outbreak,” Mazet says. “So in order to do that, we need to understand what the hosts are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and the rest of the Predict team, with support from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usaid.gov/\">U.S. Agency for International Development\u003c/a> are searching around the world, looking especially at animals that can live easily around humans — like bats and rodents — and at animals that are closely related to us, like non-human primates. Also of interest are areas where humans are coming into contact with animals in new ways. “We’re more susceptible to an outbreak of disease if our systems are not experienced with that virus or pathogen,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For four years, in 20 different countries, they’ve been testing animals for viruses. So far, they’ve found more than 800, the vast majority of them new to science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preventing the Next Pandemic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21391\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predictmap-1024x664.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21391\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/predictmap-1024x664.png\" alt=\"Predict's map shows where the team has sampled animals -- and what viruses they've found. Click on the image to go to the interactive map. \" width=\"357\" height=\"232\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Predict’s map shows where the team has sampled animals — and what viruses they’ve found. Click on the image to go to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthmap.org/predict/\">interactive map\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After finding the viruses and assessing the risk of transmission to humans, the Predict team works with communities to warn people about local threats. They also work with labs and hospitals to help doctors diagnose a broader range of diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of testing people for a specific disease, doctors can use the methods Predict has developed to look for a family of diseases. Not just a specific strain of Ebola, for instance, but for the the whole family of viruses that Ebola is in. “And then we can do some genetic sequencing to say, is that an Ebolavirus that we expect to be in the region,” Mazet says, “or is that another closely related virus that might be the next cause of the next outbreak or pandemic?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to give doctors better tools,” Mazet says. “And to do that we think we need to not be chasing the last flu that was here last year, or the Ebola that was in the neighboring country, we need to be able to look at whatever might be there with a broader eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the approach is, essentially, two-pronged: Search the world for new viruses, and improve diagnostics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is you would know about it ahead of time so you could reduce transmission risk,” Mazet says, “but you would also be able to recognize it super quickly. So instead of taking months like in this Ebola outbreak, and potentially allowing the outbreak to get out of control, you’d be able to diagnose it and shut it down very quickly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Difference Education Makes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emerging diseases can travel as fast and as far as people can, since they can hitch a ride with us on airplanes. That’s what happened with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/sars/about/fs-SARS.html\">SARS outbreak in 2003\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For Ebola, we’re really being vigilant and watching out for it,” Mazet says. “In the decade since the SARS outbreak, we’ve learned a lot.” How to track patients and passengers, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazet says the knowledge she and others are amassing could someday prove critical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds dramatic to say we found these 800 viruses that might cause a pandemic,” Mazet acknowledges. “Likely they’re not going to cause a pandemic, but if we don’t know about them, we aren’t watching for them, we can’t learn about them and we can’t reduce transmission risk.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/sofa2-1024x575.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/sofa2-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"cabbit/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/cabbit/3385850471/\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chemicals from flame retardants in furniture have turned up in women’s breastmilk. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cabbit/3385850471/\">cabbit/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thirty-nine years ago a California law put flame retardants into virtually every piece of upholstered furniture sold in the country. By one estimate, an average sofa contains two pounds of flame retardant chemicals injected into its foam cushions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, that decision struck many as unwise, especially when environmental health researchers began discovering that the chemicals were leaving the sofas and turning up in peoples’ bodies, especially young children. Studies done on rats suggest links between certain flame retardant chemicals and cancer and fertility problems, although those links are hard to confirm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, fire safety \u003ca href=\"http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Babrauskas-and-Blum-Paper.pdf\">researchers \u003c/a>and\u003ca href=\"http://www.cpf.org/go/cpf/news-and-events/news/ffs-make-case-for-removing-toxins-from-flame-retardants/\"> fire fighters\u003c/a> have \u003ca href=\"http://greensciencepolicy.org/topics/furniture/\">questioned \u003c/a>whether flame retardant chemicals actually prevent house fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California is reversing its policy. Two new rules – \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\">one taking effect in January\u003c/a>, another awaiting Governor Browns’s signature – all but guarantee that the chemicals are going to be a lot less ubiquitous in coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, Brown hasn’t outlawed the chemicals. Instead (without getting into the weeds here), the \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18301\">new rules\u003c/a>, which take effect in January, mean that furniture makers aren’t required to use the chemicals anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>Is flame-retardant free furniture widely available yet? In lieu of labels, how can consumers know?\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>SB 1019, the bill awaiting signature, would require that any products that do contain the chemicals will be labeled. If passed, that law would take effect in January as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does this leave us? Is flame-retardant free furniture widely available yet? And – in lieu of labels — how can consumers know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For answers, I called Charles Margulis with the Oakland-based nonprofit Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KQED: If I went to buy a sofa right now, what are the chances I’d find something that is flame-retardant free?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margulis: Most of the companies are telling us that, yes, they already have some [flame-retardant free] items on stock. They do still have some older items on the floor as well, but by the end of this year or early next, they say almost everything they sell will be flame-retardant free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve had lengthy discussions with these companies to see which are in transition, which are already offering flame-retardant free products, and which will soon be offering products made without those flame retardant chemicals. Those lists are up on \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/campaigns/flame-retardants/ceh-action/finding-safer-products/\">our website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would say “Hey, I saw you were listed as a company in transition. Can you tell me what you have right now that’s flame-retardant free?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can hold off for a few months, hold off and buy your furniture early next year. Then you’ll have a much better chance, I think.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The new law doesn’t outlaw flame retardants in furniture. It just says manufacturers are no longer required to use them.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there a way to tell by looking at a sofa or armchair whether it contains flame retardants?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The great thing about \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB1019\">SB 1019\u003c/a> is that [if it’s signed into law] there will be a label. So you will know and you will be sure. Until then, we’ve put together some guidelines: one for office furniture; and two consumers’ lists, one for home products, the other for baby products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: Furniture with a tag that says “TB117-2013” is less-likely, though not guaranteed (read on!) to have flame-retardant chemicals.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Governor Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\">issued his new policy \u003c/a>last November. Why are we seeing any flame retardants in furniture at all?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, there was a transition period in that law. Companies were permitted to make their products to the new [flame-retardant free] standard by the first of January, 2014. But they weren’t required to meet the new standard until January 1 of 2015. So they gave the companies a one-year transition period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing about that law is that it doesn’t require companies to get rid of flame retardant chemicals. It simply says that for the first time in many decades, you can meet the standard without flame retardant chemicals. And that’s a big change, but not every company is going to make that change right away. They are legally allowed to use them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 1019 gives consumers the only way to know when they go to the store, what has flame retardants and what doesn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will SB 1019 cover all products?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 1019, the labeling disclosure law, is for furniture only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about children’s products like strollers and changing pads. Are those manufacturers phasing out the use of flame retardants?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think children’s and baby products are a little ahead of the game because they knew in late 2013 that they would be exempted from the standard. So there should be more baby products on the market that don’t contain flame retardant chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, parents should ask the companies. And don’t just settle for the people on the floor at the store. I would call the company’s consumer hotline and really get the bottom line from then\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: Governor Brown’s new regulations exempted 17 baby and children’s products — including changing pads, infant swings and strollers — from the flammability standards altogether. So those manufacturers have no obligation to use flame retardant chemicals. For a complete list, see \u003ca href=\"http://www.bhfti.ca.gov/about/laws/mod_15day.pdf\">this PDF\u003c/a>, pg. 13.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Once the new laws take effect, is CEH going to be testing furniture, to see whether manufacturers are labeling correctly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We intend to stay on top of this and keep testing throughout next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9274\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/sofa2-1024x575.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-9274\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/09/sofa2-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"cabbit/Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/cabbit/3385850471/\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chemicals from flame retardants in furniture have turned up in women’s breastmilk. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/cabbit/3385850471/\">cabbit/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thirty-nine years ago a California law put flame retardants into virtually every piece of upholstered furniture sold in the country. By one estimate, an average sofa contains two pounds of flame retardant chemicals injected into its foam cushions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, that decision struck many as unwise, especially when environmental health researchers began discovering that the chemicals were leaving the sofas and turning up in peoples’ bodies, especially young children. Studies done on rats suggest links between certain flame retardant chemicals and cancer and fertility problems, although those links are hard to confirm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, fire safety \u003ca href=\"http://greensciencepolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Babrauskas-and-Blum-Paper.pdf\">researchers \u003c/a>and\u003ca href=\"http://www.cpf.org/go/cpf/news-and-events/news/ffs-make-case-for-removing-toxins-from-flame-retardants/\"> fire fighters\u003c/a> have \u003ca href=\"http://greensciencepolicy.org/topics/furniture/\">questioned \u003c/a>whether flame retardant chemicals actually prevent house fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, California is reversing its policy. Two new rules – \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\">one taking effect in January\u003c/a>, another awaiting Governor Browns’s signature – all but guarantee that the chemicals are going to be a lot less ubiquitous in coming years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be clear, Brown hasn’t outlawed the chemicals. Instead (without getting into the weeds here), the \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18301\">new rules\u003c/a>, which take effect in January, mean that furniture makers aren’t required to use the chemicals anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\n\u003cp>Is flame-retardant free furniture widely available yet? In lieu of labels, how can consumers know?\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>SB 1019, the bill awaiting signature, would require that any products that do contain the chemicals will be labeled. If passed, that law would take effect in January as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does this leave us? Is flame-retardant free furniture widely available yet? And – in lieu of labels — how can consumers know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For answers, I called Charles Margulis with the Oakland-based nonprofit Center for Environmental Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>KQED: If I went to buy a sofa right now, what are the chances I’d find something that is flame-retardant free?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margulis: Most of the companies are telling us that, yes, they already have some [flame-retardant free] items on stock. They do still have some older items on the floor as well, but by the end of this year or early next, they say almost everything they sell will be flame-retardant free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve had lengthy discussions with these companies to see which are in transition, which are already offering flame-retardant free products, and which will soon be offering products made without those flame retardant chemicals. Those lists are up on \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/campaigns/flame-retardants/ceh-action/finding-safer-products/\">our website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would say “Hey, I saw you were listed as a company in transition. Can you tell me what you have right now that’s flame-retardant free?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can hold off for a few months, hold off and buy your furniture early next year. Then you’ll have a much better chance, I think.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The new law doesn’t outlaw flame retardants in furniture. It just says manufacturers are no longer required to use them.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there a way to tell by looking at a sofa or armchair whether it contains flame retardants?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The great thing about \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB1019\">SB 1019\u003c/a> is that [if it’s signed into law] there will be a label. So you will know and you will be sure. Until then, we’ve put together some guidelines: one for office furniture; and two consumers’ lists, one for home products, the other for baby products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: Furniture with a tag that says “TB117-2013” is less-likely, though not guaranteed (read on!) to have flame-retardant chemicals.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Governor Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2013/11/21/its-official-toxic-flame-retardants-no-longer-required-in-furniture/\">issued his new policy \u003c/a>last November. Why are we seeing any flame retardants in furniture at all?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, there was a transition period in that law. Companies were permitted to make their products to the new [flame-retardant free] standard by the first of January, 2014. But they weren’t required to meet the new standard until January 1 of 2015. So they gave the companies a one-year transition period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing about that law is that it doesn’t require companies to get rid of flame retardant chemicals. It simply says that for the first time in many decades, you can meet the standard without flame retardant chemicals. And that’s a big change, but not every company is going to make that change right away. They are legally allowed to use them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 1019 gives consumers the only way to know when they go to the store, what has flame retardants and what doesn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will SB 1019 cover all products?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 1019, the labeling disclosure law, is for furniture only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about children’s products like strollers and changing pads. Are those manufacturers phasing out the use of flame retardants?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think children’s and baby products are a little ahead of the game because they knew in late 2013 that they would be exempted from the standard. So there should be more baby products on the market that don’t contain flame retardant chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, parents should ask the companies. And don’t just settle for the people on the floor at the store. I would call the company’s consumer hotline and really get the bottom line from then\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: Governor Brown’s new regulations exempted 17 baby and children’s products — including changing pads, infant swings and strollers — from the flammability standards altogether. So those manufacturers have no obligation to use flame retardant chemicals. For a complete list, see \u003ca href=\"http://www.bhfti.ca.gov/about/laws/mod_15day.pdf\">this PDF\u003c/a>, pg. 13.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Once the new laws take effect, is CEH going to be testing furniture, to see whether manufacturers are labeling correctly?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We intend to stay on top of this and keep testing throughout next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "West Coast Fish Upgraded to Sustainable Seafood Choice",
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"content": "\u003cp>One of the key fisheries on the West Coast is coming back after years of decline. That’s prompting a sustainable seafood group \u003ca href=\"http://blog.seafoodwatch.org/post/96452842179/consumers-now-have-many-more-sustainable-seafood\">change their consumer ratings\u003c/a> for almost two dozen fish species from “avoid” to “good” or “best” choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The species are all considered groundfish, fish that show up on restaurant menus as rock cod, pacific snapper, black cod and sole. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, the fishery was declared a federal disaster because catches were so low. The fishery has experienced dramatic changes since then, including stringent new fishing rules under a “catch share” program and the closure of fishing grounds in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/02/28/california-ocean-reserves-show-promising-results-for-marine-life/\">marine protected areas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a lot of effort over the last decade and a half to improve management and make sure the problem species were put onto recovery plans,” says Santi Roberts of the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.seafoodwatch.org/\">Seafood Watch\u003c/a> program. “There’s been an increase in those species, which is a really positive thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the Seafood Watch \u003ca href=\"http://blog.seafoodwatch.org/post/96452842179/consumers-now-have-many-more-sustainable-seafood\">ratings for 21 fish\u003c/a> are going from “avoid” to “good alternative” or “best choice.” In all, 84 percent of the fish caught in the commercial groundfish fishery have those ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably the single greatest number of species that have moved up,” Roberts says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a catch share fishing system, each fisherman is given a quota for each species he or she fishes for. On-board observers count every fish that’s caught in order to reduce the amount of by-catch, fish that are accidentally caught and thrown overboard. Fishermen will be responsible for paying for the full cost for the observers by 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2010/12/23/132240253/west-coast-fishery-moves-to-market-based-system#commentBlock\">system was controversial\u003c/a> when it was implemented in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/stories/2012/07/07_19_12catch_shares.html\">results from NOAA\u003c/a>, by-catch is down and revenue is up under the system. While it could take decades for many rockfish species to bounce back, some, like bocaccio, are expected to recover in half the amount of time that was originally forecast.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the key fisheries on the West Coast is coming back after years of decline. That’s prompting a sustainable seafood group \u003ca href=\"http://blog.seafoodwatch.org/post/96452842179/consumers-now-have-many-more-sustainable-seafood\">change their consumer ratings\u003c/a> for almost two dozen fish species from “avoid” to “good” or “best” choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The species are all considered groundfish, fish that show up on restaurant menus as rock cod, pacific snapper, black cod and sole. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, the fishery was declared a federal disaster because catches were so low. The fishery has experienced dramatic changes since then, including stringent new fishing rules under a “catch share” program and the closure of fishing grounds in favor of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/02/28/california-ocean-reserves-show-promising-results-for-marine-life/\">marine protected areas\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a lot of effort over the last decade and a half to improve management and make sure the problem species were put onto recovery plans,” says Santi Roberts of the Monterey Bay Aquarium’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.seafoodwatch.org/\">Seafood Watch\u003c/a> program. “There’s been an increase in those species, which is a really positive thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the Seafood Watch \u003ca href=\"http://blog.seafoodwatch.org/post/96452842179/consumers-now-have-many-more-sustainable-seafood\">ratings for 21 fish\u003c/a> are going from “avoid” to “good alternative” or “best choice.” In all, 84 percent of the fish caught in the commercial groundfish fishery have those ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably the single greatest number of species that have moved up,” Roberts says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a catch share fishing system, each fisherman is given a quota for each species he or she fishes for. On-board observers count every fish that’s caught in order to reduce the amount of by-catch, fish that are accidentally caught and thrown overboard. Fishermen will be responsible for paying for the full cost for the observers by 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2010/12/23/132240253/west-coast-fishery-moves-to-market-based-system#commentBlock\">system was controversial\u003c/a> when it was implemented in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/stories/2012/07/07_19_12catch_shares.html\">results from NOAA\u003c/a>, by-catch is down and revenue is up under the system. While it could take decades for many rockfish species to bounce back, some, like bocaccio, are expected to recover in half the amount of time that was originally forecast.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Napa Quake Forces Redrawing of Fault Maps | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Fault_CottageWy_4872.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Fault_CottageWy_4872.jpg\" alt=\"Seismologist David Schwartz examines a crack in suburban Napa that he says shows a few centimeters of side-slip -- a clue to faulting below. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geologist David Schwartz examines a crack in suburban Napa that he says shows a few centimeters of side-slip — a clue to faulting far below the surface. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At least one good thing will come of the recent \u003ca title=\"Q - NewsFix - SNQ\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a> that shook the wine country on August 24: It will lead to much better maps of active faulting in that area. The bad news: There is likely far more shake potential in the Napa Valley than was previously attributed to the faulting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s hard to walk away from this and think otherwise,” says geologist David Schwartz of the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 6.0 quake has provided an instant laboratory for geologists and seismologists, whose prior knowledge of the \u003ca title=\"USGS - PDF - W. Napa Fault Zone\" href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/external/reports/05HQAG0002.pdf\">West Napa Fault Zone\u003c/a> was sketchy at best. One thing that’s already emerged is that the fault that triggered the 6.0 temblor is longer than they realized. “The earthquake has helped to identify some pieces of it that are clearly active,” says Schwartz. That’s important because prior to the shaking, all scientists knew of many area faults was that they had been active sometime within the last 130,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map below shows what teams from USGS, the California Geological Survey, UC Davis and others had plotted as of August 26, just two days after the quake. Schwartz says the map is preliminary but provides a “pretty good approximation” of the likely final map. The colored lines are previously mapped faults, red indicating the “youngest” or most recently active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21264\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1064px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/WNFZPrelim_1408261.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21264\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/WNFZPrelim_1408261.jpeg\" alt=\"Red dots indicate where scientists had located surface fractures that trace underlying faults, as of August 26. (USGS)\" width=\"1064\" height=\"1099\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Red dots indicate where scientists had located surface fractures that trace underlying faults, as of August 26. (USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Schwartz was among a battalion of scientists who have been combing the Napa Valley, looking for evidence of “lateral slip.” These are essentially cracks where the two sides of the fracture moved in opposite directions. They’re visual clues to the exact location of \u003ca title=\"Exploratorium - fault types\" href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/faultline/basics/faults.html\">“strike-slip” faults\u003c/a> miles below the surface. The most extreme examples found so far in the wake of the South Napa Quake show about 18 (updated) inches of lateral offset. Scientists have to weed out the many instances of buckled pavement, broken sidewalks and the like, which were simply due to the shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things stand out. First, the quake caused a surprising amount of ruptures at the Earth’s surface. “To me it was really surprising how well defined and long this was for a magnitude-6,” says Schwartz, “which is really kind of at the threshold of the magnitude at which we actually see surface ruptures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And second, there’s more going on under the west side of Napa Valley than anyone realized. Preliminary mapping of side-slip at the surface reveals a fault in the Brown’s Valley Section of the West Napa Fault Zone that extends well beyond what was known. One trace on the far west side appears to extend about six miles beyond what was mapped prior to the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21253\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RedwoodRd_4864.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RedwoodRd_4864.jpg\" alt=\"Highway lane markings offer highly visible clues to geologists looking for evidence of lateral slip. Scientists noted this fracture on Redwood Road, on Napa's west side. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Highway lane markings offer highly visible clues to geologists looking for evidence of lateral slip. Scientists noted this fracture on Redwood Road, on Napa’s west side. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For official purposes, geologists had identified only a short stretch near the Napa County Airport as recently active. “That slip has to go somewhere,” says Schwartz. “It doesn’t just end at the Napa Valley Airport. It’s in the Earth’s crust going northwest up into Napa Valley. Which fault or faults it’s released on really hasn’t been known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz says it will take some time to complete the picture, but remapping the jumble of north-south faults in the area will likely change the official fault maps and lead to building restrictions along the most active faults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom line,” he says, “is that the young faulting we see at the south end — that deformation, that slip — certainly continues north into Napa Valley. What it sits on, exactly, that’s the question.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21251\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Fault_CottageWy_4872.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21251\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Fault_CottageWy_4872.jpg\" alt=\"Seismologist David Schwartz examines a crack in suburban Napa that he says shows a few centimeters of side-slip -- a clue to faulting below. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geologist David Schwartz examines a crack in suburban Napa that he says shows a few centimeters of side-slip — a clue to faulting far below the surface. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At least one good thing will come of the recent \u003ca title=\"Q - NewsFix - SNQ\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/24/quake-rolls-through-bay-area/\">South Napa Earthquake\u003c/a> that shook the wine country on August 24: It will lead to much better maps of active faulting in that area. The bad news: There is likely far more shake potential in the Napa Valley than was previously attributed to the faulting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s hard to walk away from this and think otherwise,” says geologist David Schwartz of the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 6.0 quake has provided an instant laboratory for geologists and seismologists, whose prior knowledge of the \u003ca title=\"USGS - PDF - W. Napa Fault Zone\" href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/external/reports/05HQAG0002.pdf\">West Napa Fault Zone\u003c/a> was sketchy at best. One thing that’s already emerged is that the fault that triggered the 6.0 temblor is longer than they realized. “The earthquake has helped to identify some pieces of it that are clearly active,” says Schwartz. That’s important because prior to the shaking, all scientists knew of many area faults was that they had been active sometime within the last 130,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map below shows what teams from USGS, the California Geological Survey, UC Davis and others had plotted as of August 26, just two days after the quake. Schwartz says the map is preliminary but provides a “pretty good approximation” of the likely final map. The colored lines are previously mapped faults, red indicating the “youngest” or most recently active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21264\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1064px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/WNFZPrelim_1408261.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21264\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/WNFZPrelim_1408261.jpeg\" alt=\"Red dots indicate where scientists had located surface fractures that trace underlying faults, as of August 26. (USGS)\" width=\"1064\" height=\"1099\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Red dots indicate where scientists had located surface fractures that trace underlying faults, as of August 26. (USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Schwartz was among a battalion of scientists who have been combing the Napa Valley, looking for evidence of “lateral slip.” These are essentially cracks where the two sides of the fracture moved in opposite directions. They’re visual clues to the exact location of \u003ca title=\"Exploratorium - fault types\" href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/faultline/basics/faults.html\">“strike-slip” faults\u003c/a> miles below the surface. The most extreme examples found so far in the wake of the South Napa Quake show about 18 (updated) inches of lateral offset. Scientists have to weed out the many instances of buckled pavement, broken sidewalks and the like, which were simply due to the shaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things stand out. First, the quake caused a surprising amount of ruptures at the Earth’s surface. “To me it was really surprising how well defined and long this was for a magnitude-6,” says Schwartz, “which is really kind of at the threshold of the magnitude at which we actually see surface ruptures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And second, there’s more going on under the west side of Napa Valley than anyone realized. Preliminary mapping of side-slip at the surface reveals a fault in the Brown’s Valley Section of the West Napa Fault Zone that extends well beyond what was known. One trace on the far west side appears to extend about six miles beyond what was mapped prior to the quake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21253\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RedwoodRd_4864.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21253\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/RedwoodRd_4864.jpg\" alt=\"Highway lane markings offer highly visible clues to geologists looking for evidence of lateral slip. Scientists noted this fracture on Redwood Road, on Napa's west side. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Highway lane markings offer highly visible clues to geologists looking for evidence of lateral slip. Scientists noted this fracture on Redwood Road, on Napa’s west side. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For official purposes, geologists had identified only a short stretch near the Napa County Airport as recently active. “That slip has to go somewhere,” says Schwartz. “It doesn’t just end at the Napa Valley Airport. It’s in the Earth’s crust going northwest up into Napa Valley. Which fault or faults it’s released on really hasn’t been known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz says it will take some time to complete the picture, but remapping the jumble of north-south faults in the area will likely change the official fault maps and lead to building restrictions along the most active faults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom line,” he says, “is that the young faulting we see at the south end — that deformation, that slip — certainly continues north into Napa Valley. What it sits on, exactly, that’s the question.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Drought Myth-Busting: Why El Niño Is Never A Good Bet",
"headTitle": "Drought Myth-Busting: Why El Niño Is Never A Good Bet | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140901science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20776\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS11735_Russian98_FEMADaveGatley_crop.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS11735_Russian98_FEMADaveGatley_crop.jpeg\" alt=\"The Russian River flooding from storms during the 1997-98 El Niño. (Dave Gatley/FEMA)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20776\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Russian River flooding from storms during the 1997-98 El Niño. (Dave Gatley/FEMA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If, like many Californians, you’ve been on El Niño Watch, you’re no-doubt confused by now. It’s happening. It’s not happening. But whether it is or isn’t might matter less than you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t count on El Niño for anything,” Jay Lund, a UC Davis hydrologist, admonished us at a July drought briefing in Washington, D.C. At the time, forecasters were already downsizing earlier projections for a strong El Niño this fall (latest update shows that it might be regrouping for a comeback). But Lund was making a larger point: He and others have plotted El Niño against actual California precipitation and found … a pretty murky relationship, overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Don’t count on El Niño for anything.’\u003ccite>— Jay Lund, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Don’t even look at the forecasts if you care about drought,” Lund advised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might seem like a strong statement given the reputation that the Pacific’s warm-water phase has for being a rainmaker, but records show that only the strongest El Niños have produced winters that were real super-soakers in Northern California — “strongest” meaning the times when ocean surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific spiked the highest above normal — and those events are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“El Niños come in all sizes: small, medium, large,” says Bill Patzert, a climatologist and El Niño watcher at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena. “During puny El Niños — weak El Niños — we’ve had some of the driest winters in the 20th century.” Count among them 1976 and ’77, a drought that is still etched in the memories of many Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the opposite end of the scale was the winter of 1997-98 which brought roughly double the state’s normal precipitation, and triggered massive mudslides and flooding throughout California. That onslaught coincided with what Patzert calls the “Godzilla” El Niño. He says he thinks that year is when Californians began to form the assumption that El Niño equals rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to more of Bill Patzert’s interview with Craig Miller\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/164344234&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It was El Niño mania 24/7 that winter,” recalls Patzert. “The name — because of ’97-’98 — makes reporters and water managers salivate, but that belies the fact; there are only a few big El Niños in every century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The El Niño forecast for this winter is looking more gecko than Godzilla, experts say, with water only slightly warmer than normal. (For an\u003ca title=\"Vox - post\" href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/8/13/5994771/scientists-were-expecting-a-monster-el-nino-this-year-so-where-did-it\"> in-depth explanation\u003c/a> of how El Niños form and why this year’s has petered out, see Brad Plumer’s post for Vox.) Since the “Godzilla” winter 16 years ago, there really hasn’t been anything to match it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/rimfire/elninoslider.html\" width=\"630\" height=\"540\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The images above show warming (red) waters in the Pacific that indicate El Niño. Use the slider in the center to move back and forth between images from March and July, and note how much the warming has dissipated in recent months. (NASA/JPL)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Wildcard in the Deck\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason for the lull in strong El Niños is a wildcard in the deck, another cycle known as the \u003ca title=\"UW - PDO\" href=\"http://jisao.washington.edu/pdo/\">Pacific Decadal Oscillation\u003c/a>, or PDO. It’s like El Niño but farther north and much less capricious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The PDO is like a super-tanker,” says Patzert. “It’s very slow and it takes a long time and a lot of momentum to switch direction. Sometimes the negative PDO is what I call, ‘El Niño repellent.'” When the PDO is in its negative phase, it affects the high-altitude winds known as the jet stream. When that happens, the big winter storms tend to get detoured around California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PDO has been stuck in this mode for the last 15 years, though some see signs that it might be ready to make a big switch into its “positive” phase, which would encourage El Niño conditions. Patzert isn’t so sure. “I’m not too optimistic about a switch in the PDO,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/oni.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20835\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/oni.jpg\" alt=\"Sixty years of El Nino fluctuations. Note the big spike that coincided with the storms of 1997-98. (NOAA/CPC) \" width=\"1503\" height=\"611\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Meteorologist Jan Null has put together an extensive \u003ca title=\"GGW - ENSO myths\" href=\"http://ggweather.com/enso/enso_myths.htm\">“myth-busting” page\u003c/a> for El Niño, which includes this visual history of the oscillation over the past six decades. Sixty years of El Niño fluctuations. Note the big spike that coincided with the storms of 1997-98 (click to enlarge). (NOAA/CPC)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hope Springs Eternal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as El Niño doesn’t guarantee rain, the absence of one doesn’t necessarily mean no rain. Patzert says the stubborn ridge of high pressure that parked off the West Coast last winter and blocked incoming storms could give way this year for any number of reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that ridge breaks down this winter, we could have one wet, cold storm after another making its way down the length of California — and that would certainly be sweet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed. But the latest three-month outlook from NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center calls for drought conditions to “persist or intensify” throughout California, through November. The bottom line from Patzert: “Don’t cash in your 401(k) and invest in umbrellas.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20776\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS11735_Russian98_FEMADaveGatley_crop.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/RS11735_Russian98_FEMADaveGatley_crop.jpeg\" alt=\"The Russian River flooding from storms during the 1997-98 El Niño. (Dave Gatley/FEMA)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20776\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Russian River flooding from storms during the 1997-98 El Niño. (Dave Gatley/FEMA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If, like many Californians, you’ve been on El Niño Watch, you’re no-doubt confused by now. It’s happening. It’s not happening. But whether it is or isn’t might matter less than you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t count on El Niño for anything,” Jay Lund, a UC Davis hydrologist, admonished us at a July drought briefing in Washington, D.C. At the time, forecasters were already downsizing earlier projections for a strong El Niño this fall (latest update shows that it might be regrouping for a comeback). But Lund was making a larger point: He and others have plotted El Niño against actual California precipitation and found … a pretty murky relationship, overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Don’t count on El Niño for anything.’\u003ccite>— Jay Lund, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Don’t even look at the forecasts if you care about drought,” Lund advised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might seem like a strong statement given the reputation that the Pacific’s warm-water phase has for being a rainmaker, but records show that only the strongest El Niños have produced winters that were real super-soakers in Northern California — “strongest” meaning the times when ocean surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific spiked the highest above normal — and those events are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“El Niños come in all sizes: small, medium, large,” says Bill Patzert, a climatologist and El Niño watcher at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena. “During puny El Niños — weak El Niños — we’ve had some of the driest winters in the 20th century.” Count among them 1976 and ’77, a drought that is still etched in the memories of many Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the opposite end of the scale was the winter of 1997-98 which brought roughly double the state’s normal precipitation, and triggered massive mudslides and flooding throughout California. That onslaught coincided with what Patzert calls the “Godzilla” El Niño. He says he thinks that year is when Californians began to form the assumption that El Niño equals rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to more of Bill Patzert’s interview with Craig Miller\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/164344234&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It was El Niño mania 24/7 that winter,” recalls Patzert. “The name — because of ’97-’98 — makes reporters and water managers salivate, but that belies the fact; there are only a few big El Niños in every century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The El Niño forecast for this winter is looking more gecko than Godzilla, experts say, with water only slightly warmer than normal. (For an\u003ca title=\"Vox - post\" href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/8/13/5994771/scientists-were-expecting-a-monster-el-nino-this-year-so-where-did-it\"> in-depth explanation\u003c/a> of how El Niños form and why this year’s has petered out, see Brad Plumer’s post for Vox.) Since the “Godzilla” winter 16 years ago, there really hasn’t been anything to match it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/rimfire/elninoslider.html\" width=\"630\" height=\"540\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The images above show warming (red) waters in the Pacific that indicate El Niño. Use the slider in the center to move back and forth between images from March and July, and note how much the warming has dissipated in recent months. (NASA/JPL)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Wildcard in the Deck\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason for the lull in strong El Niños is a wildcard in the deck, another cycle known as the \u003ca title=\"UW - PDO\" href=\"http://jisao.washington.edu/pdo/\">Pacific Decadal Oscillation\u003c/a>, or PDO. It’s like El Niño but farther north and much less capricious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The PDO is like a super-tanker,” says Patzert. “It’s very slow and it takes a long time and a lot of momentum to switch direction. Sometimes the negative PDO is what I call, ‘El Niño repellent.'” When the PDO is in its negative phase, it affects the high-altitude winds known as the jet stream. When that happens, the big winter storms tend to get detoured around California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PDO has been stuck in this mode for the last 15 years, though some see signs that it might be ready to make a big switch into its “positive” phase, which would encourage El Niño conditions. Patzert isn’t so sure. “I’m not too optimistic about a switch in the PDO,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/oni.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20835\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/oni.jpg\" alt=\"Sixty years of El Nino fluctuations. Note the big spike that coincided with the storms of 1997-98. (NOAA/CPC) \" width=\"1503\" height=\"611\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Meteorologist Jan Null has put together an extensive \u003ca title=\"GGW - ENSO myths\" href=\"http://ggweather.com/enso/enso_myths.htm\">“myth-busting” page\u003c/a> for El Niño, which includes this visual history of the oscillation over the past six decades. Sixty years of El Niño fluctuations. Note the big spike that coincided with the storms of 1997-98 (click to enlarge). (NOAA/CPC)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hope Springs Eternal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as El Niño doesn’t guarantee rain, the absence of one doesn’t necessarily mean no rain. Patzert says the stubborn ridge of high pressure that parked off the West Coast last winter and blocked incoming storms could give way this year for any number of reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that ridge breaks down this winter, we could have one wet, cold storm after another making its way down the length of California — and that would certainly be sweet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed. But the latest three-month outlook from NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center calls for drought conditions to “persist or intensify” throughout California, through November. The bottom line from Patzert: “Don’t cash in your 401(k) and invest in umbrellas.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Landmark Groundwater Reform Headed to Governor's Desk",
"headTitle": "Landmark Groundwater Reform Headed to Governor’s Desk | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/165932791&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21184\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/81030754.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21184\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/81030754.jpg\" alt=\"Irrigation water flows through an almond orchard in the Central Valley. Groundwater has been tapped heavily during this year's drought. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Irrigation water flows through an almond orchard in the Central Valley. Farmers have been tapping groundwater heavily during this year’s drought. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a move that some believed may never happen in California, state legislators approved three bills that would — for the first time — regulate the state’s vast underground water resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These groundwater bills would be the most significant change in water policy in decades, maybe four decades,” says Lester Snow of the California Water Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater is California’s “underground reservoir,” providing as much as 60 percent of the state’s water supply during drought years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this year’s historic drought, groundwater levels have dropped dramatically as farmers and cities have pumped to replace water that would normally come from reservoirs. In some places, groundwater has fallen by 100 feet in the past year, and water wells are going dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California’s current system, landowners can essentially pump as much groundwater as they want to, from under their property. Unlike water taken from rivers and reservoirs, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/31/californias-biggest-water-source-shrouded-in-secrecy/\">groundwater usage isn’t tracked\u003c/a> in many parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like having a joint checking account,” Snow says. “Everyone can write checks on it, nobody balances the checkbook and no one is responsible for deposits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Authority Given to Local Agencies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bills, if Governor Jerry Brown signs them, would designate local agencies to write sustainable groundwater management plans. The local agency could be a single water district, or a coalition of water agencies and county officials, all connected to a groundwater basin. Many of these governing bodies have already been established, as a result of 2009 legislation that encouraged areas to set up a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/31/californias-biggest-water-source-shrouded-in-secrecy/\">groundwater tracking program\u003c/a>. The program was not mandatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater basins that are considered in critical overdraft have until 2020 to write their sustainable groundwater management plans, while high- or medium-priority basins have until 2022. Low-priority basins would not be required to participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the plans take effect, the local agencies would be required to get groundwater use in balance within 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The local agencies would also be given new powers to enforce the plans. Those include requiring landowners to install water meters to track groundwater use or limiting the amount of groundwater that can be pumped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gsE535fb2kUmJghgN24TJv3j4W4OkOUB”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether or not these powers are used would be up to each individual area. If a region fails to write groundwater plans or its plan doesn’t meet state standards, the State Water Resources Control Board can step in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there are areas that are ready to grab these new authorities and run with it,” says Snow, who was involved in crafting the policy. “Most of the people in these overused groundwater basins know that it cannot continue and if it does continue unabated, it will ruin the economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The political consensus to pass the bill was galvanized by the dramatic impacts from this year’s drought. “Absent the drought drawing attention to this, we would not have this moment,” Snow says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some regions signed on because the bills prioritize local control over groundwater, instead of giving the state authority. Other agricultural groups remained opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope no one, especially those 120 elected leaders in the legislature, think that they’ve solved California’s water problems,” says Paul Wenger, president of the California Farm Bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so many unknowns,” he says. “Our immediate concern would be that bankers and others would say, ‘Well, you go buy a piece of ground and you’re going to farm it. What’s the value of that ground, if four or five years from now, you’re not going to have access to groundwater?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers that have been using groundwater responsibly until now could lose out under the new management plans, he says, depending on how water agencies decide to limit groundwater pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will typically look at those that have historic use of groundwater and then if they need to limit it, they will limit you to a percentage of that historic use,” says Wenger. That system would reward the heaviest users, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Governor is widely expected to sign the bills and has until the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The era of unlimited groundwater pumping in California could be ending. A package of bills would require local agencies to restore over-pumped aquifers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/165932791&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21184\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/81030754.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21184\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/81030754.jpg\" alt=\"Irrigation water flows through an almond orchard in the Central Valley. Groundwater has been tapped heavily during this year's drought. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Irrigation water flows through an almond orchard in the Central Valley. Farmers have been tapping groundwater heavily during this year’s drought. (Photo by David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a move that some believed may never happen in California, state legislators approved three bills that would — for the first time — regulate the state’s vast underground water resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These groundwater bills would be the most significant change in water policy in decades, maybe four decades,” says Lester Snow of the California Water Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater is California’s “underground reservoir,” providing as much as 60 percent of the state’s water supply during drought years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this year’s historic drought, groundwater levels have dropped dramatically as farmers and cities have pumped to replace water that would normally come from reservoirs. In some places, groundwater has fallen by 100 feet in the past year, and water wells are going dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California’s current system, landowners can essentially pump as much groundwater as they want to, from under their property. Unlike water taken from rivers and reservoirs, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/31/californias-biggest-water-source-shrouded-in-secrecy/\">groundwater usage isn’t tracked\u003c/a> in many parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like having a joint checking account,” Snow says. “Everyone can write checks on it, nobody balances the checkbook and no one is responsible for deposits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Authority Given to Local Agencies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bills, if Governor Jerry Brown signs them, would designate local agencies to write sustainable groundwater management plans. The local agency could be a single water district, or a coalition of water agencies and county officials, all connected to a groundwater basin. Many of these governing bodies have already been established, as a result of 2009 legislation that encouraged areas to set up a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/31/californias-biggest-water-source-shrouded-in-secrecy/\">groundwater tracking program\u003c/a>. The program was not mandatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater basins that are considered in critical overdraft have until 2020 to write their sustainable groundwater management plans, while high- or medium-priority basins have until 2022. Low-priority basins would not be required to participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the plans take effect, the local agencies would be required to get groundwater use in balance within 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The local agencies would also be given new powers to enforce the plans. Those include requiring landowners to install water meters to track groundwater use or limiting the amount of groundwater that can be pumped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether or not these powers are used would be up to each individual area. If a region fails to write groundwater plans or its plan doesn’t meet state standards, the State Water Resources Control Board can step in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there are areas that are ready to grab these new authorities and run with it,” says Snow, who was involved in crafting the policy. “Most of the people in these overused groundwater basins know that it cannot continue and if it does continue unabated, it will ruin the economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The political consensus to pass the bill was galvanized by the dramatic impacts from this year’s drought. “Absent the drought drawing attention to this, we would not have this moment,” Snow says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some regions signed on because the bills prioritize local control over groundwater, instead of giving the state authority. Other agricultural groups remained opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope no one, especially those 120 elected leaders in the legislature, think that they’ve solved California’s water problems,” says Paul Wenger, president of the California Farm Bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so many unknowns,” he says. “Our immediate concern would be that bankers and others would say, ‘Well, you go buy a piece of ground and you’re going to farm it. What’s the value of that ground, if four or five years from now, you’re not going to have access to groundwater?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers that have been using groundwater responsibly until now could lose out under the new management plans, he says, depending on how water agencies decide to limit groundwater pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They will typically look at those that have historic use of groundwater and then if they need to limit it, they will limit you to a percentage of that historic use,” says Wenger. That system would reward the heaviest users, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Governor is widely expected to sign the bills and has until the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Smuggled Giant Millipedes Seized at SFO",
"headTitle": "Smuggled Giant Millipedes Seized at SFO | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Hannah Albarazi\u003cbr>\nBay City News\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1638px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Giant-Millipedes.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Giant-Millipedes.jpg\" alt=\"Giant millipedes in a mesh bag, discovered by customs agents at SFO. (U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\" width=\"1638\" height=\"854\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21161\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giant millipedes in a mesh bag, discovered by customs agents at SFO. (U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Twenty squirming foot-long millipedes in a falsely labeled package from Germany were seized at San Francisco International Airport last month, a U.S. Customs and Border Protection official said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 8, U.S. Customs and Border Protection agriculture specialists at the U.S. Postal Service International Service Center at SFO discovered the giant millipedes while inspecting a package marked “toy car model,” U.S. Customs and Border Protection acting spokesman Fred Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large package was routed through an x-ray machine and, upon further inspection, customs officials found the package consisted of a large Styrofoam box containing a mesh bag holding 20 giant millipedes, as well as chunks of soil and paper, Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exotic bugs don’t bite and can last between four and seven years on a diet of spoiled produce. Some, however, have a poison secretion, Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant millipedes were likely intended as exotic pets, Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the United States allows exotic pets to enter the country, the package of giant millipedes lacked required import permits and was misrepresented in an attempt to bypass federal regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The millipedes were therefore seized by customs officials before they reached their intended destination of Vista, California, Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sender in Berlin was issued a postal violation and the bugs were euthanized in alcohol. They are now in the possession of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, customs officials said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Twenty squirming foot-long millipedes in a falsely labeled package from Germany were seized at San Francisco International Airport last month, a U.S. Customs and Border Protection official said Friday.",
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"headline": "Smuggled Giant Millipedes Seized at SFO",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Hannah Albarazi\u003cbr>\nBay City News\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1638px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Giant-Millipedes.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Giant-Millipedes.jpg\" alt=\"Giant millipedes in a mesh bag, discovered by customs agents at SFO. (U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\" width=\"1638\" height=\"854\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21161\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giant millipedes in a mesh bag, discovered by customs agents at SFO. (U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Twenty squirming foot-long millipedes in a falsely labeled package from Germany were seized at San Francisco International Airport last month, a U.S. Customs and Border Protection official said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 8, U.S. Customs and Border Protection agriculture specialists at the U.S. Postal Service International Service Center at SFO discovered the giant millipedes while inspecting a package marked “toy car model,” U.S. Customs and Border Protection acting spokesman Fred Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large package was routed through an x-ray machine and, upon further inspection, customs officials found the package consisted of a large Styrofoam box containing a mesh bag holding 20 giant millipedes, as well as chunks of soil and paper, Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exotic bugs don’t bite and can last between four and seven years on a diet of spoiled produce. Some, however, have a poison secretion, Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant millipedes were likely intended as exotic pets, Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the United States allows exotic pets to enter the country, the package of giant millipedes lacked required import permits and was misrepresented in an attempt to bypass federal regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The millipedes were therefore seized by customs officials before they reached their intended destination of Vista, California, Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sender in Berlin was issued a postal violation and the bugs were euthanized in alcohol. They are now in the possession of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, customs officials said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Oil Transport by Train Continues to Climb",
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"content": "\u003cp>Crude oil by rail continues to be a growing trend nationwide. The amount of oil and other “\u003ca href=\"http://www.afpm.org/other-products/\">refined petroleum products\u003c/a>” carried by trains climbed nine percent in the first seven months of this year, compared to the first seven months last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Energy Information Administration lays it all out in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=17751&src=email&utm_content=bufferbfa53&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer\">article published\u003c/a> this morning, which includes this chart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21097\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 575px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/EIAcrudebyrail.png\" alt=\"(EIA)\" width=\"575\" height=\"284\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(EIA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the increase in crude-by-rail shipments puts the national numbers — proportionally speaking — to shame. Sixty-six percent more oil came into California by rail in the first half of this year, compared to the first half of last year, according to numbers from the \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/2014_crude_by_rail.html\">California Energy Commission\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Though keep in mind, the national chart is tracking barrels per day, while the state numbers are barrels per month.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21100\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21100\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/chart_2.png\" alt=\"Data from the California Energy Commission. \" width=\"600\" height=\"371\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Data from the \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/2014_crude_by_rail.html\">California Energy Commission\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fiery derailments and explosions in other parts of the country have drawn attention to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/california-has-little-say-over-oil-train-safety/\">safety problems\u003c/a> with the rail cars used to transport oil. Last summer in Quebec, a train carrying crude from North Dakota’s Bakken formation exploded in the town of Lac-Mégantic and killed 47 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/23/feds-propose-new-safety-rules-for-oil-trains/\">proposing safety improvements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase in carrying crude oil by train is happening because there’s an oil boom in North America. To get all that oil from Alberta, North Dakota and \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/2014_crude_by_rail.html\">other places\u003c/a> to refineries here in California, oil companies must use trains. There are no pipelines coming into California from other states. Most of California’s oil is either drilled here in the state, or arrives by ship from Alaska or overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil traveling by rail into California still accounts for a small percentage of all the crude California processes. If oil-by-rail terminals that are proposed in Benicia, Pittsburg, Santa Maria and Bakersfield go through, then that proportion could rise from one percent to more than 20 percent. Of the two Bay Area projects, the one in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/11/benicia-extends-public-comment-period-on-bay-area-crude-by-rail/\">Benicia is currently under review\u003c/a>, and the one in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/bay-area-residents-resist-crude-by-rail-as-accidents-rise/\">Pittsburg\u003c/a> is on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in the Bay Area, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railways is currently delivering oil to a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/25/revealed-volatile-oil-train-routes-in-california/\">rail yard in Richmond\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Crude oil by rail continues to be a growing trend nationwide. The amount of oil and other “\u003ca href=\"http://www.afpm.org/other-products/\">refined petroleum products\u003c/a>” carried by trains climbed nine percent in the first seven months of this year, compared to the first seven months last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Energy Information Administration lays it all out in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=17751&src=email&utm_content=bufferbfa53&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer\">article published\u003c/a> this morning, which includes this chart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21097\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 575px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/EIAcrudebyrail.png\" alt=\"(EIA)\" width=\"575\" height=\"284\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(EIA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the increase in crude-by-rail shipments puts the national numbers — proportionally speaking — to shame. Sixty-six percent more oil came into California by rail in the first half of this year, compared to the first half of last year, according to numbers from the \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/2014_crude_by_rail.html\">California Energy Commission\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Though keep in mind, the national chart is tracking barrels per day, while the state numbers are barrels per month.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21100\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21100\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/chart_2.png\" alt=\"Data from the California Energy Commission. \" width=\"600\" height=\"371\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Data from the \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/2014_crude_by_rail.html\">California Energy Commission\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fiery derailments and explosions in other parts of the country have drawn attention to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/california-has-little-say-over-oil-train-safety/\">safety problems\u003c/a> with the rail cars used to transport oil. Last summer in Quebec, a train carrying crude from North Dakota’s Bakken formation exploded in the town of Lac-Mégantic and killed 47 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/23/feds-propose-new-safety-rules-for-oil-trains/\">proposing safety improvements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase in carrying crude oil by train is happening because there’s an oil boom in North America. To get all that oil from Alberta, North Dakota and \u003ca href=\"http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/2014_crude_by_rail.html\">other places\u003c/a> to refineries here in California, oil companies must use trains. There are no pipelines coming into California from other states. Most of California’s oil is either drilled here in the state, or arrives by ship from Alaska or overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil traveling by rail into California still accounts for a small percentage of all the crude California processes. If oil-by-rail terminals that are proposed in Benicia, Pittsburg, Santa Maria and Bakersfield go through, then that proportion could rise from one percent to more than 20 percent. Of the two Bay Area projects, the one in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/11/benicia-extends-public-comment-period-on-bay-area-crude-by-rail/\">Benicia is currently under review\u003c/a>, and the one in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/bay-area-residents-resist-crude-by-rail-as-accidents-rise/\">Pittsburg\u003c/a> is on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in the Bay Area, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railways is currently delivering oil to a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/25/revealed-volatile-oil-train-routes-in-california/\">rail yard in Richmond\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Leaky Pipes Lose Billions of Gallons of Water Every Year in the Bay Area",
"headTitle": "Leaky Pipes Lose Billions of Gallons of Water Every Year in the Bay Area | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21065\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/NapaWaterMainBreak.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21065 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/NapaWaterMainBreak.jpg\" alt=\"Water gushes from a water main break outside a mobile home park after the South Napa Earthquake on August 24, 2014. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water gushes from a water main break outside a mobile home park after the South Napa Earthquake on August 24, 2014. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California seems to be experiencing one water disaster after another. On top of the drought, last month a 90-year-old water pipe ruptured on the UCLA campus leaking an estimated 20 million gallons of drinking water. On Sunday, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake damaged dozens of water pipes, leaving hundreds of Napa and Vallejo residents without water. These major incidents beg the question: how strong is our water infrastructure?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a new report by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_26350962/california-drought-bay-area-loses-billions-gallons-leaky\">\u003cem>San Jose Mercury News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, local water agencies are losing about 23 billion gallons of treated water each year. Most of that loss is attributed to aging pipelines that leak before reaching customer meters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The system is aging,” Mercury News Science Reporter Lisa Kreiger told Michael Krasny on KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408270900\">\u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. Her analysis of water records shows Bay Area agencies lost between 3 and 16 percent of treated water in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the state is in a drought, these old, leaky pipes are gaining attention. “When water is precious, monitoring and stopping these losses becomes important,” Krieger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Krieger, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission and East Bay Municipal Utility District have done a good job of reporting their water losses to the state. But reporting leaks and losses isn’t mandatory in California, so many water districts aren’t reporting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really don’t have a good grasp of what’s going on here,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”DusLke8HF8575Sm1pXYimoeE00KWx7yo”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the Bay Area’s water system was built generations ago and is in need of repair and replacement. “Many of our pipes are 100 years old,” said Steven Ritchie, assistant general manager of water for the SFPUC, which is currently replacing six miles of pipe each year and is aiming to increase to 15 miles each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility is also in the midst of a $4.6 billion seismic upgrade that includes replacing and upgrading tanks and pipes. “We’re really improving our ability to deliver water subsequent to an earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBMUD has 4,200 miles of water pipeline and is currently replacing 10 miles of pipe each year. The utility is also using acoustic sensors called “loggers” to detect leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are at the dawn of the era of replacement,” said Heather Cooley, with the Pacific Institute, a water policy think tank. Fixing the nation’s broken water system would cost $700 billion over the next 20 years, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just distribution systems that are in need of repair. California is wasting about 11 gallons of water per person per day on broken household systems like running toilets and leaking irrigation systems, Cooley said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21065\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/NapaWaterMainBreak.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-21065 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/NapaWaterMainBreak.jpg\" alt=\"Water gushes from a water main break outside a mobile home park after the South Napa Earthquake on August 24, 2014. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water gushes from a water main break outside a mobile home park after the South Napa Earthquake on August 24, 2014. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California seems to be experiencing one water disaster after another. On top of the drought, last month a 90-year-old water pipe ruptured on the UCLA campus leaking an estimated 20 million gallons of drinking water. On Sunday, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake damaged dozens of water pipes, leaving hundreds of Napa and Vallejo residents without water. These major incidents beg the question: how strong is our water infrastructure?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a new report by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_26350962/california-drought-bay-area-loses-billions-gallons-leaky\">\u003cem>San Jose Mercury News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, local water agencies are losing about 23 billion gallons of treated water each year. Most of that loss is attributed to aging pipelines that leak before reaching customer meters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The system is aging,” Mercury News Science Reporter Lisa Kreiger told Michael Krasny on KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201408270900\">\u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. Her analysis of water records shows Bay Area agencies lost between 3 and 16 percent of treated water in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the state is in a drought, these old, leaky pipes are gaining attention. “When water is precious, monitoring and stopping these losses becomes important,” Krieger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Krieger, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission and East Bay Municipal Utility District have done a good job of reporting their water losses to the state. But reporting leaks and losses isn’t mandatory in California, so many water districts aren’t reporting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really don’t have a good grasp of what’s going on here,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the Bay Area’s water system was built generations ago and is in need of repair and replacement. “Many of our pipes are 100 years old,” said Steven Ritchie, assistant general manager of water for the SFPUC, which is currently replacing six miles of pipe each year and is aiming to increase to 15 miles each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utility is also in the midst of a $4.6 billion seismic upgrade that includes replacing and upgrading tanks and pipes. “We’re really improving our ability to deliver water subsequent to an earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBMUD has 4,200 miles of water pipeline and is currently replacing 10 miles of pipe each year. The utility is also using acoustic sensors called “loggers” to detect leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are at the dawn of the era of replacement,” said Heather Cooley, with the Pacific Institute, a water policy think tank. Fixing the nation’s broken water system would cost $700 billion over the next 20 years, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just distribution systems that are in need of repair. California is wasting about 11 gallons of water per person per day on broken household systems like running toilets and leaking irrigation systems, Cooley said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Feds Will Allow Logging in Some Areas Burned by Rim Fire",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Scott Smith\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20857\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01451-1280.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01451-1280.jpg\" alt=\"Trees killed in the Rim Fire will likely stay standing for only a decade or so. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trees killed in the Rim Fire will likely stay standing for only a decade or so. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A U.S. Forest Service decision released Wednesday will allow loggers to remove dead trees from 52 square miles of forests blackened last year in a massive central California wildfire, a move \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/26/after-record-breaking-rim-fire-log-trees-or-leave-them/\">contested by environmentalists\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highly awaited decision came amid a standoff between environmentalists and supporters of the timber industry over what to do with the trees that died in the massive Rim Fire, which started Aug. 17, 2013, and burned more than 400 square miles of the Stanislaus National Forest, Yosemite National Park’s backcountry and private timber land. It threatened thousands of structures, destroyed 11 homes and cost more than $125 million to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”iwbOUnWfKI5grtExHT8wNPm0jkdfFeqB”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists had argued against logging the land, saying the blackened trees and new growth beneath them create vital habitat for dwindling birds such as spotted owls and black-backed woodpeckers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an ecological travesty,” said Chad Hanson, a forest ecologist and founder of the John Muir Project, an environmentalist group. “It’s basically an extinction plan for the California spotted owl.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the timber industry said logging would pay for replanting and restoring the forest. Taking out dead trees will also allow the public to use the land, they say, and eliminate a new fire hazard caused by the falling trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Skalski, supervisor of the Stanislaus National Forest, is expected to sign the logging decision on Thursday, making it final.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal prosecutors \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/07/tuolumne-county-resident-indicted-for-starting-rim-fire-in-yosemite/\">accuse bow hunter Keith Matthew Emerald\u003c/a>, 32, of starting the massive blaze when he lost control of an illegal campfire and had to be rescued by helicopter. A grand jury on Aug. 7 returned a four-count indictment against Emerald, who lives in the foothill community of Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emerald, who has pleaded not guilty, was released from jail after posting a $60,000 bond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Rimfiregraphic-e1408148390108.jpeg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"816\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20667\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A U.S. Forest Service decision will allow loggers to remove dead trees from 52 square miles of forests blackened last year in a massive central California wildfire, a move contested by environmentalists.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Scott Smith\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20857\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01451-1280.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01451-1280.jpg\" alt=\"Trees killed in the Rim Fire will likely stay standing for only a decade or so. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trees killed in the Rim Fire will likely stay standing for only a decade or so. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A U.S. Forest Service decision released Wednesday will allow loggers to remove dead trees from 52 square miles of forests blackened last year in a massive central California wildfire, a move \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/26/after-record-breaking-rim-fire-log-trees-or-leave-them/\">contested by environmentalists\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highly awaited decision came amid a standoff between environmentalists and supporters of the timber industry over what to do with the trees that died in the massive Rim Fire, which started Aug. 17, 2013, and burned more than 400 square miles of the Stanislaus National Forest, Yosemite National Park’s backcountry and private timber land. It threatened thousands of structures, destroyed 11 homes and cost more than $125 million to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists had argued against logging the land, saying the blackened trees and new growth beneath them create vital habitat for dwindling birds such as spotted owls and black-backed woodpeckers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an ecological travesty,” said Chad Hanson, a forest ecologist and founder of the John Muir Project, an environmentalist group. “It’s basically an extinction plan for the California spotted owl.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the timber industry said logging would pay for replanting and restoring the forest. Taking out dead trees will also allow the public to use the land, they say, and eliminate a new fire hazard caused by the falling trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Susan Skalski, supervisor of the Stanislaus National Forest, is expected to sign the logging decision on Thursday, making it final.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal prosecutors \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/07/tuolumne-county-resident-indicted-for-starting-rim-fire-in-yosemite/\">accuse bow hunter Keith Matthew Emerald\u003c/a>, 32, of starting the massive blaze when he lost control of an illegal campfire and had to be rescued by helicopter. A grand jury on Aug. 7 returned a four-count indictment against Emerald, who lives in the foothill community of Columbia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emerald, who has pleaded not guilty, was released from jail after posting a $60,000 bond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/Rimfiregraphic-e1408148390108.jpeg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"816\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20667\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "After Record-Breaking Rim Fire, Log Trees or Leave Them?",
"headTitle": "After Record-Breaking Rim Fire, Log Trees or Leave Them? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20853\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/logging5-1024x612.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20853\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/logging5-1024x612.jpg\" alt=\"Burned trees from Sierra Pacific Industries' private land wait at the company's saw mill. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"383\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Burned trees from Sierra Pacific Industries’ private land wait at the company’s saw mill. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year’s record-breaking Rim Fire left thousands of acres of dead trees around Yosemite National Park. What to do about those trees has sparked a fierce debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this week, the U.S. Forest Service will release plans to allow logging companies to harvest some of the dead trees. Some environmental groups say it would destroy important wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On several thousand acres, the decision has already been made. Sierra Pacific Industries, the second largest lumber company in the country, had crews harvesting trees on the company’s private land within weeks of the Rim Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see here from some of these logs, if you look beyond the bark, inside the wood looks pretty good,” says Mark Luster of Sierra Pacific Industries, pointing to stacks of hundreds of burned logs at the company’s saw mill in Sonora, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 90 percent of the wood is still usable and will become everything from two-by-fours to number two pencils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Pacific Industries is hoping to move onto logging Forest Service land next. Opening it up would provide an economic boost to the region, Luster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes sense to create jobs here in California, get our wood here and create jobs for Californians,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s timber industry has shrunk dramatically over the decades, while the market for wood has not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Currently California imports about 80 percent of wood that consumers use,” Luster says. “It comes from other states and countries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01451-1280-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20857\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01451-1280-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Trees killed in the Rim Fire will likely stay standing for only a decade or so. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trees killed in the Rim Fire will likely stay standing for only a decade or so. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service has other motivations for the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If all the standing dead is left, it’s that intensity of that next fire that comes through,” says Maria Benech, who is working on the Forest Service’s plans for salvage logging, as it’s known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benech is walking through part of the Stanislaus National Forest that saw some of the worst of the Rim Fire. She says most of the dead trees will only stand for a decade or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Picture all those logs lying on top of each other, jack-strawed with that vegetation coming back through,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they’re on the ground, there’s a risk of making the next fire more intense, damaging the soil and slowing forest recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To deal with the fuel load, the Forest Service has made a preliminary proposal to open up about 44,000 acres for logging companies; that’s about a third of agency’s burned land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all the trees will be taken. Benech points to several trees with orange paint on their bark. “Those are leave trees, so those are the trees that will stay,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Impacts On Wildlife\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some animals like dead trees. Wildlife like black-backed woodpeckers moves in to eat insects, and California spotted owls hunt in the bare forest. So the Forest Service is requiring that four to six dead trees be left on each acre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/loggingslider.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"860\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That number isn’t enough for some environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Humans, when they look at a burned forest, they think it’s devastation,” says Justin Augustine, an attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity, a non-profit group. “But just the opposite happens out there in the forest.” His group doesn’t want to see the forest touched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more severe a fire is, the better that area is going to be for black-backed woodpeckers,” he says. “And right now there’s a significant deficit of that kind of habitat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service says it’s trying to balance both sides. Some areas won’t be logged, but others will. Other environmental groups are aiming for some kind of middle-ground resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”IcBukGmFw50R5V8sb3m8Yd6R9vf3kHXc”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s frustrating to see that the Rim Fire is the battleground between the environmentalists and those who want logging,” says John Buckley, director of the Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says the Rim Fire was so massive that both sides can get what they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can create a mosaic of un-salvaged areas where there’s lots of dead trees and salvaged areas where most of the dead trees have been removed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s possible that many areas won’t be logged no matter what the Forest Service proposes. Logging companies only have about a year to do the work, because beetles are already damaging the dead trees, making them less valuable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The local timber industry only has so much mill capacity,” Buckley says. “There are only so many logging trucks and pieces of equipment. And the time frame is so short.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Opportunity For Forestry Researchers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20863\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01488-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20863\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01488-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Pacific Industries began clearing its private land within weeks after the Rim Fire burned through. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Pacific Industries began clearing its private land within weeks after the Rim Fire burned through. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For many scientists, the size of the Rim Fire also provides an opportunity to study the effects of salvage logging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s surprising that, although salvage logging has been controversial, there’s not all that much scientific research in places where we’ve had frequent fire,” says Malcolm North, a scientist with the Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More studies on the ecological benefits of dead trees have been done in the Pacific Northwest, where fire is less frequent. Less is known about Sierra Nevada forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North says further study could help answer questions about how many dead trees should be left on a landscape. Four to six per acre may not be enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably a little bit on the low end,” he says. “Whether it’s sufficient to provide habitat for species, particularly like the black-backed woodpeckers, we just don’t have the answer to that yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What scientists do know, he says, is that the area will burn again and dead trees will provide more fuel. “It may burn up all the trees that are regrowing.” Downed trees could also make it difficult for larger wildlife like deer to migrate through the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North and other ecologists are setting up study plots in the Rim Fire burn area and are hoping learn more about wildlife responds to both logged and unlogged areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service will release final plans about how much logging will be opened up after the Rim Fire by the end of this week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20853\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/logging5-1024x612.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20853\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/logging5-1024x612.jpg\" alt=\"Burned trees from Sierra Pacific Industries' private land wait at the company's saw mill. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"383\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Burned trees from Sierra Pacific Industries’ private land wait at the company’s saw mill. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year’s record-breaking Rim Fire left thousands of acres of dead trees around Yosemite National Park. What to do about those trees has sparked a fierce debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this week, the U.S. Forest Service will release plans to allow logging companies to harvest some of the dead trees. Some environmental groups say it would destroy important wildlife habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On several thousand acres, the decision has already been made. Sierra Pacific Industries, the second largest lumber company in the country, had crews harvesting trees on the company’s private land within weeks of the Rim Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see here from some of these logs, if you look beyond the bark, inside the wood looks pretty good,” says Mark Luster of Sierra Pacific Industries, pointing to stacks of hundreds of burned logs at the company’s saw mill in Sonora, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 90 percent of the wood is still usable and will become everything from two-by-fours to number two pencils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Pacific Industries is hoping to move onto logging Forest Service land next. Opening it up would provide an economic boost to the region, Luster says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes sense to create jobs here in California, get our wood here and create jobs for Californians,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s timber industry has shrunk dramatically over the decades, while the market for wood has not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Currently California imports about 80 percent of wood that consumers use,” Luster says. “It comes from other states and countries.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01451-1280-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20857\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01451-1280-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Trees killed in the Rim Fire will likely stay standing for only a decade or so. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trees killed in the Rim Fire will likely stay standing for only a decade or so. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service has other motivations for the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If all the standing dead is left, it’s that intensity of that next fire that comes through,” says Maria Benech, who is working on the Forest Service’s plans for salvage logging, as it’s known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benech is walking through part of the Stanislaus National Forest that saw some of the worst of the Rim Fire. She says most of the dead trees will only stand for a decade or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Picture all those logs lying on top of each other, jack-strawed with that vegetation coming back through,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they’re on the ground, there’s a risk of making the next fire more intense, damaging the soil and slowing forest recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To deal with the fuel load, the Forest Service has made a preliminary proposal to open up about 44,000 acres for logging companies; that’s about a third of agency’s burned land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all the trees will be taken. Benech points to several trees with orange paint on their bark. “Those are leave trees, so those are the trees that will stay,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Impacts On Wildlife\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some animals like dead trees. Wildlife like black-backed woodpeckers moves in to eat insects, and California spotted owls hunt in the bare forest. So the Forest Service is requiring that four to six dead trees be left on each acre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/loggingslider.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"860\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That number isn’t enough for some environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Humans, when they look at a burned forest, they think it’s devastation,” says Justin Augustine, an attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity, a non-profit group. “But just the opposite happens out there in the forest.” His group doesn’t want to see the forest touched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more severe a fire is, the better that area is going to be for black-backed woodpeckers,” he says. “And right now there’s a significant deficit of that kind of habitat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Forest Service says it’s trying to balance both sides. Some areas won’t be logged, but others will. Other environmental groups are aiming for some kind of middle-ground resolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s frustrating to see that the Rim Fire is the battleground between the environmentalists and those who want logging,” says John Buckley, director of the Central Sierra Environmental Resource Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says the Rim Fire was so massive that both sides can get what they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can create a mosaic of un-salvaged areas where there’s lots of dead trees and salvaged areas where most of the dead trees have been removed,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s possible that many areas won’t be logged no matter what the Forest Service proposes. Logging companies only have about a year to do the work, because beetles are already damaging the dead trees, making them less valuable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The local timber industry only has so much mill capacity,” Buckley says. “There are only so many logging trucks and pieces of equipment. And the time frame is so short.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Opportunity For Forestry Researchers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20863\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01488-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20863\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/DSC01488-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Pacific Industries began clearing its private land within weeks after the Rim Fire burned through. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Pacific Industries began clearing its private land within weeks after the Rim Fire burned through. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For many scientists, the size of the Rim Fire also provides an opportunity to study the effects of salvage logging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s surprising that, although salvage logging has been controversial, there’s not all that much scientific research in places where we’ve had frequent fire,” says Malcolm North, a scientist with the Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More studies on the ecological benefits of dead trees have been done in the Pacific Northwest, where fire is less frequent. Less is known about Sierra Nevada forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North says further study could help answer questions about how many dead trees should be left on a landscape. Four to six per acre may not be enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s probably a little bit on the low end,” he says. “Whether it’s sufficient to provide habitat for species, particularly like the black-backed woodpeckers, we just don’t have the answer to that yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What scientists do know, he says, is that the area will burn again and dead trees will provide more fuel. “It may burn up all the trees that are regrowing.” Downed trees could also make it difficult for larger wildlife like deer to migrate through the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North and other ecologists are setting up study plots in the Rim Fire burn area and are hoping learn more about wildlife responds to both logged and unlogged areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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