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"title": "El Nino Forecast for California: Batten Down the Hatches",
"headTitle": "El Nino Forecast for California: Batten Down the Hatches | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Should we be worried that California has yet to experience an epic deluge so far this fall? What happened to the ostensible “parade of storms” that is so often talked about in the context of major El Niño events?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four consecutive years characterized by a remarkable lack of storms in California at any time of year, it’s easy to forget that autumn is always capricious in California. Transitional seasons tend to be highly volatile throughout the Earth’s middle latitudes as polar and tropical air masses interact often. But California is unique in the sense that it lies near the southern margin of the Pacific jet stream, and is therefore quite susceptible to relatively subtle shifts in the storm track. California can experience major storminess during September-November with temporary shifts in the jet, but in general sustained wet periods are the exception rather than the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Niño: The Rain Connection\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the eastward-flowing jet stream is fundamentally driven by the large temperature differences that exist between the warm equatorial region and cold polar region, its location, strength, and trajectory depend on the orientation and magnitude of temperature variations across the Earth’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-368395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-800x393.jpg\" alt=\"Tropical Pacific warming during El Niño increases the north-south temperature differential, strengthening/shifting the jet stream southward and bringing increased California winter precipitation. \" width=\"800\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-800x393.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-400x196.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1440x707.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1920x943.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1180x579.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-960x471.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tropical Pacific warming during El Niño increases the north-south temperature differential, strengthening/shifting the jet stream southward and bringing increased California winter precipitation. \u003ccite>(Emily Underwood)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the approach of winter, temperatures begin to cool and the region of maximum north-south temperature differential over the Pacific Ocean starts to shift southward. The net result: the jet stream’s typical latitude from December through March tends to be farther south — and closer to California — than during the autumn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary means by which El Niño affects California precipitation is by enhancing the low-latitude (subtropical) branch of the jet stream. The subtropical jet stream isn’t always a totally distinct feature in the weather charts; it tends to be weaker and more discontinuous than its more robust northern cousin (the subpolar jet). But during major El Niño years, the subtropical jet over the northern Pacific Ocean tends to be stronger, better defined, and further to the south than it usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Niño Now Appears Strongest in the Modern Record\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week ocean surface temperatures in the closely-watched Niño 3.4 region reached 3 degrees (Celsius) above average for the first time in recorded history. This weekly value exceeds the maximum weekly value recorded even during the so-called “super El Niño” events of 1982-1983 and 1997-1998.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While El Niño impacts do not correlate directly with the magnitude of SST anomalies in any particular section of ocean (and we’re still a ways off from an all-time record 3-monthly peak), this is still a major geophysical milestone — and one that has significant implications for the coming winter in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/anim2.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-368394\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/anim2.gif\" alt=\"Animation of seasonal precipitation forecast by CFS. All of California is likely to be very wet during December-March. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"719\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation of seasonal precipitation forecast by CFS. All of California is likely to be very wet during December-March. \u003ccite>(NCEP via \u003ca href=\"http://www.tropicaltidbits.com/\">Tropical Tidbits\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Outlook for California Winter 2015-2016\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, with that in mind, how does the upcoming winter look?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a word: wet. The latest dynamical model forecasts are calling for well above average precipitation throughout California during the January-March period, and the recent forecasts from the more frequently updated CFS model have shifted toward a wet December as well. These same models are suggesting a large-scale atmospheric pressure pattern that is strikingly similar to that which occurred during California’s wettest historical winters (including the 1982-1983 and 1997-1998 El Niño events).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy seasonal precipitation totals don’t always mean major flooding if there are substantial breaks between incoming storms. In fact, some of California’s most widespread and most damaging individual flood events did not occur during El Niño years. But in general, high seasonal totals mean that heavy storms are more likely to coincide with already wet/saturated soil conditions, and El Niño-induced increases in storm frequency make it more likely for several intense events to occur in rapid succession. Thus, flood (and mudslide) risk will likely be much greater this winter, and certainly will be higher than has been seen in the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, though, another major shift is afoot in the Pacific. The eastern tropical part of the ocean basin is extremely warm due to El Niño, but oceanic warmth farther to the north has been even more pronounced in recent months. The unusually super-warm North Pacific has the potential to add extra moisture to the atmosphere this winter. While this more generalized warming is unlikely to affect the frequency of storms, it may well act to add “extra juice” to incoming systems this winter. When we consider this effect in combination with the likely increase in storm frequency due to El Niño, it’s clear the potential exists for a very active winter overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1174px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig3.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-368393\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig3.gif\" alt=\"One heckuva lot of warm water. \" width=\"1174\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One heckuva lot of warm water. \u003ccite>(NOAA Coral Reef Watch)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Add a Warming Climate to the Mix\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, it’s important to point out that the planet has experienced nearly 20 years’ worth of global warming since the last big El Niño event in 1997-1998, and nearly 35 years’ worth of warming since the 1982-1983 event before it. In general, this means that there’s more moisture over the world’s major ocean basins than there used to be — which can increase the potential intensity of precipitation when it does occur. But other more complex changes have occurred in the coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere system over the past four decades that are harder to quantify, and may have less obvious (and less predictable) impacts on overall Pacific climate. These influences could muddle the overall impact of El Niño in California in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these added uncertainties, however, it appears quite likely that the present El Niño will exert a powerful (and likely dominant) influence upon California weather this coming winter. Yet—as California’s state government and water agencies have gone to great lengths to emphasize—even a very wet winter in California is unlikely to completely erase the profound effects of California’s multi-year drought. In many ways, the present situation resembles a conundrum that the Golden State is likely to face more often in the future: how to manage a greatly increased risk of extreme precipitation and flooding despite the presence of long-term water deficits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Daniel Swain is a climate scientist at Stanford University. A longer version of this post appears on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/\">California Weather Blog\u003c/a>, where you’ll find all of his previous posts. Artist and naturalist \u003ca href=\"http://underwoodillustration.com/home.html\">Emily Underwood\u003c/a> distilled several complex geophysical concepts into the scientific illustration for this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "One of the strongest El Niño events on record will very likely bring a wetter-than-usual winter to California, along with substantial risks of heavy precipitation and flooding.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Should we be worried that California has yet to experience an epic deluge so far this fall? What happened to the ostensible “parade of storms” that is so often talked about in the context of major El Niño events?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After four consecutive years characterized by a remarkable lack of storms in California at any time of year, it’s easy to forget that autumn is always capricious in California. Transitional seasons tend to be highly volatile throughout the Earth’s middle latitudes as polar and tropical air masses interact often. But California is unique in the sense that it lies near the southern margin of the Pacific jet stream, and is therefore quite susceptible to relatively subtle shifts in the storm track. California can experience major storminess during September-November with temporary shifts in the jet, but in general sustained wet periods are the exception rather than the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Niño: The Rain Connection\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the eastward-flowing jet stream is fundamentally driven by the large temperature differences that exist between the warm equatorial region and cold polar region, its location, strength, and trajectory depend on the orientation and magnitude of temperature variations across the Earth’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368395\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-368395\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-800x393.jpg\" alt=\"Tropical Pacific warming during El Niño increases the north-south temperature differential, strengthening/shifting the jet stream southward and bringing increased California winter precipitation. \" width=\"800\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-800x393.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-400x196.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1440x707.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1920x943.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-1180x579.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig1-960x471.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tropical Pacific warming during El Niño increases the north-south temperature differential, strengthening/shifting the jet stream southward and bringing increased California winter precipitation. \u003ccite>(Emily Underwood)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the approach of winter, temperatures begin to cool and the region of maximum north-south temperature differential over the Pacific Ocean starts to shift southward. The net result: the jet stream’s typical latitude from December through March tends to be farther south — and closer to California — than during the autumn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary means by which El Niño affects California precipitation is by enhancing the low-latitude (subtropical) branch of the jet stream. The subtropical jet stream isn’t always a totally distinct feature in the weather charts; it tends to be weaker and more discontinuous than its more robust northern cousin (the subpolar jet). But during major El Niño years, the subtropical jet over the northern Pacific Ocean tends to be stronger, better defined, and further to the south than it usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Niño Now Appears Strongest in the Modern Record\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week ocean surface temperatures in the closely-watched Niño 3.4 region reached 3 degrees (Celsius) above average for the first time in recorded history. This weekly value exceeds the maximum weekly value recorded even during the so-called “super El Niño” events of 1982-1983 and 1997-1998.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While El Niño impacts do not correlate directly with the magnitude of SST anomalies in any particular section of ocean (and we’re still a ways off from an all-time record 3-monthly peak), this is still a major geophysical milestone — and one that has significant implications for the coming winter in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/anim2.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-368394\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/anim2.gif\" alt=\"Animation of seasonal precipitation forecast by CFS. All of California is likely to be very wet during December-March. \" width=\"1024\" height=\"719\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Animation of seasonal precipitation forecast by CFS. All of California is likely to be very wet during December-March. \u003ccite>(NCEP via \u003ca href=\"http://www.tropicaltidbits.com/\">Tropical Tidbits\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Outlook for California Winter 2015-2016\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, with that in mind, how does the upcoming winter look?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a word: wet. The latest dynamical model forecasts are calling for well above average precipitation throughout California during the January-March period, and the recent forecasts from the more frequently updated CFS model have shifted toward a wet December as well. These same models are suggesting a large-scale atmospheric pressure pattern that is strikingly similar to that which occurred during California’s wettest historical winters (including the 1982-1983 and 1997-1998 El Niño events).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy seasonal precipitation totals don’t always mean major flooding if there are substantial breaks between incoming storms. In fact, some of California’s most widespread and most damaging individual flood events did not occur during El Niño years. But in general, high seasonal totals mean that heavy storms are more likely to coincide with already wet/saturated soil conditions, and El Niño-induced increases in storm frequency make it more likely for several intense events to occur in rapid succession. Thus, flood (and mudslide) risk will likely be much greater this winter, and certainly will be higher than has been seen in the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, though, another major shift is afoot in the Pacific. The eastern tropical part of the ocean basin is extremely warm due to El Niño, but oceanic warmth farther to the north has been even more pronounced in recent months. The unusually super-warm North Pacific has the potential to add extra moisture to the atmosphere this winter. While this more generalized warming is unlikely to affect the frequency of storms, it may well act to add “extra juice” to incoming systems this winter. When we consider this effect in combination with the likely increase in storm frequency due to El Niño, it’s clear the potential exists for a very active winter overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_368393\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1174px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig3.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-368393\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/fig3.gif\" alt=\"One heckuva lot of warm water. \" width=\"1174\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One heckuva lot of warm water. \u003ccite>(NOAA Coral Reef Watch)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Add a Warming Climate to the Mix\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, it’s important to point out that the planet has experienced nearly 20 years’ worth of global warming since the last big El Niño event in 1997-1998, and nearly 35 years’ worth of warming since the 1982-1983 event before it. In general, this means that there’s more moisture over the world’s major ocean basins than there used to be — which can increase the potential intensity of precipitation when it does occur. But other more complex changes have occurred in the coupled ocean-ice-atmosphere system over the past four decades that are harder to quantify, and may have less obvious (and less predictable) impacts on overall Pacific climate. These influences could muddle the overall impact of El Niño in California in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these added uncertainties, however, it appears quite likely that the present El Niño will exert a powerful (and likely dominant) influence upon California weather this coming winter. Yet—as California’s state government and water agencies have gone to great lengths to emphasize—even a very wet winter in California is unlikely to completely erase the profound effects of California’s multi-year drought. In many ways, the present situation resembles a conundrum that the Golden State is likely to face more often in the future: how to manage a greatly increased risk of extreme precipitation and flooding despite the presence of long-term water deficits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Daniel Swain is a climate scientist at Stanford University. A longer version of this post appears on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/\">California Weather Blog\u003c/a>, where you’ll find all of his previous posts. Artist and naturalist \u003ca href=\"http://underwoodillustration.com/home.html\">Emily Underwood\u003c/a> distilled several complex geophysical concepts into the scientific illustration for this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Twister Sweeps Through Town Near Modesto; Homes, Church Damaged",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.modbee.com/news/article45037308.html/video-embed\" width=\"800\" height=\"475\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a native Midwesterner, it’s sort of second nature to scoff when I hear about \u003ca href=\"http://thevane.gawker.com/maps-tornadoes-in-california-arent-as-rare-as-you-migh-1670728375\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a California tornado\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back on the prairies and Plains, a tornado is an awesome and often deadly spectacle, capable of erasing entire neighborhoods in a matter of seconds. If you live there long enough, you’ll have a direct encounter with one, and it’s an experience you won’t forget. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California? Well, you hear about anemic little funnel clouds that make it to the ground sometimes. Instead of havoc, they wreak annoyance — blowing shingles off roofs, knocking over a few trees, maybe blowing down a fence of two. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You Californians and your “tornadoes” — what a joke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But maybe I’ll amend my opinion a little after seeing video of the little twister that swept through Denair, southeast of Modesto in Stanislaus County. The scene is only 7 seconds long, but it depicts a little bit of hell breaking loose — lots of debris in the air and someone frantically entreating their dad to close the front door. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how \u003ca href=\"http://www.modbee.com/news/article45011394.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Modesto Bee describe\u003c/a>s some of what happened:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“What I thought was a bunch of birds was a bunch of debris” being carried by the funnel cloud, said Sabina Woodard, who lives with her husband at the east end of Zeering and saw the dark mass heading their way. “It looked like a remake of that Alfred Hitchcock movie ‘The Birds.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the tornado struck, “my husband and I thought we were going, that this was the end of the world for us,” Woodard said. Zane Woodard has Parkinson’s disease, so the couple took refuge under the hospital bed in their home, which was heavy enough to prove stable as furnishings including their television set flew about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple have lived in the home 31 years, and the house itself was built in the 1930s. The Woodards didn’t know where they’d be staying Sunday night, as their home was without electricity, water or gas. Zane Woodard said they were just happy to be alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And looking down at her Scottish terrier, a Toto-ish little guy named Caden Mackenna, Sabina Woodard made reference to another classic movie. “I guess I’ll have to get some ruby red slippers.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Several other homes and a nearby church were also damaged in the whirlwind. Meteorologists planned to survey the damage and rate the strength of the twister on Monday. Two out of three California tornadoes are rated F0, the lowest ranking on \u003ca href=\"http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f-scale.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Fujita scale\u003c/a> used in assessing a twister’s strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.modbee.com/news/article45011394.html\">The Modesto Bee\u003c/a> said the twister swept along nearly a mile of Zeering Road, toppling trees and fences, breaking windows and ripping off part of a church roof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were no reports of injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/vjL72bApNbQ\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tornado was spawned by a storm system that raced through Northern and Central California on Sunday — moistening the San Francisco Bay region with rainfall amounts ranging from one-third to half an inch at most locations up to nearly an inch in the Sonoma County mountains. The storm also unleashed thunderstorms and hail in some locations and brought up to a foot of snow to the highest peaks in the Sierra Nevada. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/StanSheriff/status/666023037574123520\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lindsey Hoshaw of KQED Science contributed to this post, which also includes reporting from The Associated Press. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But maybe I’ll amend my opinion a little after seeing video of the little twister that swept through Denair, southeast of Modesto in Stanislaus County. The scene is only 7 seconds long, but it depicts a little bit of hell breaking loose — lots of debris in the air and someone frantically entreating their dad to close the front door. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how \u003ca href=\"http://www.modbee.com/news/article45011394.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Modesto Bee describe\u003c/a>s some of what happened:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“What I thought was a bunch of birds was a bunch of debris” being carried by the funnel cloud, said Sabina Woodard, who lives with her husband at the east end of Zeering and saw the dark mass heading their way. “It looked like a remake of that Alfred Hitchcock movie ‘The Birds.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the tornado struck, “my husband and I thought we were going, that this was the end of the world for us,” Woodard said. Zane Woodard has Parkinson’s disease, so the couple took refuge under the hospital bed in their home, which was heavy enough to prove stable as furnishings including their television set flew about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple have lived in the home 31 years, and the house itself was built in the 1930s. The Woodards didn’t know where they’d be staying Sunday night, as their home was without electricity, water or gas. Zane Woodard said they were just happy to be alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And looking down at her Scottish terrier, a Toto-ish little guy named Caden Mackenna, Sabina Woodard made reference to another classic movie. “I guess I’ll have to get some ruby red slippers.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Several other homes and a nearby church were also damaged in the whirlwind. Meteorologists planned to survey the damage and rate the strength of the twister on Monday. Two out of three California tornadoes are rated F0, the lowest ranking on \u003ca href=\"http://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/f-scale.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Fujita scale\u003c/a> used in assessing a twister’s strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.modbee.com/news/article45011394.html\">The Modesto Bee\u003c/a> said the twister swept along nearly a mile of Zeering Road, toppling trees and fences, breaking windows and ripping off part of a church roof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were no reports of injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/vjL72bApNbQ\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tornado was spawned by a storm system that raced through Northern and Central California on Sunday — moistening the San Francisco Bay region with rainfall amounts ranging from one-third to half an inch at most locations up to nearly an inch in the Sonoma County mountains. The storm also unleashed thunderstorms and hail in some locations and brought up to a foot of snow to the highest peaks in the Sierra Nevada. \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lindsey Hoshaw of KQED Science contributed to this post, which also includes reporting from The Associated Press. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Listen to the story:\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/11/20151123ScienceJerryBrownclimatetalks.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders have vowed to go forward with a summit in Paris in two weeks, where they’ll be hashing out a much-anticipated agreement to combat climate change. And among the heads of state and dignitaries, you’ll also see California’s Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown will be making the case that what California does matters to the rest of world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been spearheading a separate international agreement to cut emissions – not with other countries, but among regional governments like states and provinces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the product of an international diplomatic tour Brown’s been on for the past year. He visited the United Nations, the Vatican and met with officials from China, India, Canada and Europe, to garner support for the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world faces an existential threat,” he told Canadian leaders in July. “I believe the real source of climate change action comes from states and provinces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason Brown feels compelled to lead the charge? “Troglodytes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Somebody has to wake up the country to the real danger.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Governor Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s what the Governor has been calling climate change doubters. And when I caught up with him in an interview recently, he was clear about who he’s pointing the finger at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Republican Congress and all the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial despite the vast, vast overwhelming scientific consensus,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says that while a political stalemate in Washington D.C. is leaving a void, California is there to lead the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sea level rise, extreme weather events, drought – there’s real catastrophe on the way,” he said. “Somebody has to wake up the country to the real danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cooperating Across Borders\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Brown announced that with the latest additions to the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\">Under 2 MOU\u003c/a> agreement that he co-founded, the total economies of “subnationals” signed on now exceed the GDP of the entire United States. Parties commit to either reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 to 95 percent below 1990 levels by 2050 or achieve a per capita annual emission target of less than 2 metric tons by 2050. The name is a reference to the two degrees (Celsius) of warming that scientists say, if the world sticks to, would avoid the most serious impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regional governments have agreed to cut their emissions 80 percent or more by 2050. “That’s more than the nation-states,” Brown said. “They are far modest in their commitments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a binding promise to cut emissions, but the regions have agreed to cooperate on policy and technology ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the agreement sticks over the years remains to be seen. But Brown argues, when you add up all the signatories, they make up what would be the second largest economy in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_357093\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-357093\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1440x874.jpg\" alt=\"Workers install a solar farm outside Sacramento.\" width=\"640\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1440x874.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-400x243.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-800x485.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1920x1165.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1180x716.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-960x582.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install a solar farm outside Sacramento. California’s goal is to reach 50 percent renewable energy by 2030. \u003ccite>(Sacramento Municipal Utility District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s a show of support that he thinks will galvanize momentum in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to light the fire, if I can use that metaphor, putting as much pressure and support behind this global commitment,” he said. “As we know in Silicon Valley or Hollywood, California does set trends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Governor Brown does feel that it is probably the most significant issue of our generation,” said Matt Rodriquez, California’s Secretary for Environmental Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you, I sometimes wish we did have a diplomatic core or a state department here,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going it alone is something California is known for. Almost a decade ago, the state took on a landmark climate change goal under the state law AB 32, requiring a cut in emissions of about 30 percent by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://climatechange.ca.gov/\">The number of policies\u003c/a> under the law makes it the most ambitious in the country. Experts say to reach the state’s eventual goal of cutting emission 80 percent under 1990 levels by 2050, the state’s entire economy will be remade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record amounts of renewable energy are coming online to meet California’s renewable energy goals. Manufacturers and electric utilities are cutting their emissions, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\">under a cap-and-trade system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuels that power cars and trucks are getting cleaner under the state’s low carbon fuel standard. And automakers are required to offer hundreds of thousands of clean cars for sale on the California market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facing the Critics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, California has more electric vehicles than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I gotta tell you, I love the car,” said Jeff Stone, parking his all-electric Nissan Leaf at his office in Murrieta, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone is what you’d call an early adopter. This is his third electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a Tesla that I loved,” he said. “And then I had a Coda, one of the first electric cars on the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_357097\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 448px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-357097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg\" alt=\"The Chinese province Sichuan signed Governor Brown's international climate agreement in September.\" width=\"448\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg 448w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chinese province of Sichuan signed Governor Brown’s international climate agreement in September. \u003ccite>(Joe McHugh, California Highway Patrol)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stone is also a Republican state senator representing Riverside County and one of the climate skeptics Brown has been pointing a finger at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone is not a fan of California’s go-it-alone approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We represent about one percent or less of any contribution to global warming that happens, if it’s truly man-caused,” he said. “We can’t do it alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues California’s many climate rules lead to higher energy costs and give the state a reputation for being un-friendly to business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think you have business people who are throwing up their arms and they’re vacating the state,” Stone said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a common refrain when the state legislature debated SB 350 this summer, a bill designed to raise the bar on California’s climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law, the state will have to reach 50 percent renewable energy and improve building efficiency by 50 percent, both by 2030. But a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/Democrats-strip-oil-goal-from-climate-legislation\">provision to cut California’s petroleum use\u003c/a> by 50 percent failed, spurred by oil industry-funded ads warning of job losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thought Leader\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Governor has answered back with a political trump card. While the state’s climate change policies have raised both gas and electricity prices by a few percent, they haven’t fulfilled predictions of economic ruin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of them came true,” said Dan Kammen, a professor of energy at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact, California’s economy grew faster than the national average,” he said. “So we benefited to some extent by having these environmental laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”NMeBiT2ggfM6JI2B0ZJUlaq5tTrOm1zL”]Kammen argues that setting that example is California’s real contribution to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s the seventh biggest economy in the world,” he said. “It makes a big difference and it’s a big thought leader.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state acts as a testing ground for environmental policies, he says. Many of today’s national environmental standards, including building efficiency, appliance standards and car tailpipe emissions, were based on rules that California passed first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting a lead actor like California really helps the federal government see what the options are, see what the hurdles are likely to be,” Kammen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trendsetting goes overseas, he says. Some of the Chinese provinces that are piloting cap-and-trade systems worked with California officials to design them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which means at the international climate talks, and Kammen has been to 11 of them, California comes up a lot. “We talk about California all the time,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Something he expects to continue, as California’s Governor heads off to Paris, hoping to make his mark on international discussions to slow the Earth’s steady warming.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>World leaders have vowed to go forward with a summit in Paris in two weeks, where they’ll be hashing out a much-anticipated agreement to combat climate change. And among the heads of state and dignitaries, you’ll also see California’s Governor Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown will be making the case that what California does matters to the rest of world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been spearheading a separate international agreement to cut emissions – not with other countries, but among regional governments like states and provinces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the product of an international diplomatic tour Brown’s been on for the past year. He visited the United Nations, the Vatican and met with officials from China, India, Canada and Europe, to garner support for the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world faces an existential threat,” he told Canadian leaders in July. “I believe the real source of climate change action comes from states and provinces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason Brown feels compelled to lead the charge? “Troglodytes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Somebody has to wake up the country to the real danger.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Governor Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s what the Governor has been calling climate change doubters. And when I caught up with him in an interview recently, he was clear about who he’s pointing the finger at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Republican Congress and all the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial despite the vast, vast overwhelming scientific consensus,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says that while a political stalemate in Washington D.C. is leaving a void, California is there to lead the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sea level rise, extreme weather events, drought – there’s real catastrophe on the way,” he said. “Somebody has to wake up the country to the real danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cooperating Across Borders\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Brown announced that with the latest additions to the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\">Under 2 MOU\u003c/a> agreement that he co-founded, the total economies of “subnationals” signed on now exceed the GDP of the entire United States. Parties commit to either reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 to 95 percent below 1990 levels by 2050 or achieve a per capita annual emission target of less than 2 metric tons by 2050. The name is a reference to the two degrees (Celsius) of warming that scientists say, if the world sticks to, would avoid the most serious impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regional governments have agreed to cut their emissions 80 percent or more by 2050. “That’s more than the nation-states,” Brown said. “They are far modest in their commitments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a binding promise to cut emissions, but the regions have agreed to cooperate on policy and technology ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the agreement sticks over the years remains to be seen. But Brown argues, when you add up all the signatories, they make up what would be the second largest economy in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_357093\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-357093\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1440x874.jpg\" alt=\"Workers install a solar farm outside Sacramento.\" width=\"640\" height=\"388\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1440x874.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-400x243.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-800x485.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1920x1165.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-1180x716.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/smudsolar-960x582.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install a solar farm outside Sacramento. California’s goal is to reach 50 percent renewable energy by 2030. \u003ccite>(Sacramento Municipal Utility District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s a show of support that he thinks will galvanize momentum in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to light the fire, if I can use that metaphor, putting as much pressure and support behind this global commitment,” he said. “As we know in Silicon Valley or Hollywood, California does set trends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Governor Brown does feel that it is probably the most significant issue of our generation,” said Matt Rodriquez, California’s Secretary for Environmental Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you, I sometimes wish we did have a diplomatic core or a state department here,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going it alone is something California is known for. Almost a decade ago, the state took on a landmark climate change goal under the state law AB 32, requiring a cut in emissions of about 30 percent by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://climatechange.ca.gov/\">The number of policies\u003c/a> under the law makes it the most ambitious in the country. Experts say to reach the state’s eventual goal of cutting emission 80 percent under 1990 levels by 2050, the state’s entire economy will be remade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record amounts of renewable energy are coming online to meet California’s renewable energy goals. Manufacturers and electric utilities are cutting their emissions, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\">under a cap-and-trade system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuels that power cars and trucks are getting cleaner under the state’s low carbon fuel standard. And automakers are required to offer hundreds of thousands of clean cars for sale on the California market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facing the Critics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, California has more electric vehicles than any other state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I gotta tell you, I love the car,” said Jeff Stone, parking his all-electric Nissan Leaf at his office in Murrieta, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone is what you’d call an early adopter. This is his third electric car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had a Tesla that I loved,” he said. “And then I had a Coda, one of the first electric cars on the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_357097\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 448px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-357097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg\" alt=\"The Chinese province Sichuan signed Governor Brown's international climate agreement in September.\" width=\"448\" height=\"298\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web.jpg 448w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/chinaforum-web-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 448px) 100vw, 448px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Chinese province of Sichuan signed Governor Brown’s international climate agreement in September. \u003ccite>(Joe McHugh, California Highway Patrol)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stone is also a Republican state senator representing Riverside County and one of the climate skeptics Brown has been pointing a finger at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone is not a fan of California’s go-it-alone approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We represent about one percent or less of any contribution to global warming that happens, if it’s truly man-caused,” he said. “We can’t do it alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues California’s many climate rules lead to higher energy costs and give the state a reputation for being un-friendly to business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think you have business people who are throwing up their arms and they’re vacating the state,” Stone said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a common refrain when the state legislature debated SB 350 this summer, a bill designed to raise the bar on California’s climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law, the state will have to reach 50 percent renewable energy and improve building efficiency by 50 percent, both by 2030. But a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/Democrats-strip-oil-goal-from-climate-legislation\">provision to cut California’s petroleum use\u003c/a> by 50 percent failed, spurred by oil industry-funded ads warning of job losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thought Leader\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the Governor has answered back with a political trump card. While the state’s climate change policies have raised both gas and electricity prices by a few percent, they haven’t fulfilled predictions of economic ruin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of them came true,” said Dan Kammen, a professor of energy at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In fact, California’s economy grew faster than the national average,” he said. “So we benefited to some extent by having these environmental laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Kammen argues that setting that example is California’s real contribution to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California’s the seventh biggest economy in the world,” he said. “It makes a big difference and it’s a big thought leader.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state acts as a testing ground for environmental policies, he says. Many of today’s national environmental standards, including building efficiency, appliance standards and car tailpipe emissions, were based on rules that California passed first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting a lead actor like California really helps the federal government see what the options are, see what the hurdles are likely to be,” Kammen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That trendsetting goes overseas, he says. Some of the Chinese provinces that are piloting cap-and-trade systems worked with California officials to design them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which means at the international climate talks, and Kammen has been to 11 of them, California comes up a lot. “We talk about California all the time,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Where Did Mars' Atmosphere Go--And Is Earth Next?",
"headTitle": "Where Did Mars’ Atmosphere Go–And Is Earth Next? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Last week, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/maven/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars Atmospheric and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) \u003c/a>mission identified the smoking gun in the whodunit mystery of what happened to Mars’ once much warmer, thicker, and more Earth-like atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As some suspected, it has slowly been blown into space by energetic particles of the solar wind. \u003cem>Turns out the sun did it!\u003c/em> My money was on the butler….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picturing a Warmer, Wetter Mars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the saga of our exploration of Mars, which has unfolded over the past five decades since the first robotic probe sent back images taken at close range, our understanding of Mars has improved dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early missions reported a dry, cold desert planet with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">atmosphere \u003c/a>a hundredth as thick as Earth’s, composed mostly of carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353456\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353456\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Mars' dry cratered surface and thin atmosphere imaged by the Viking 1 orbiter.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars’ dry cratered surface and thin atmosphere imaged by the Viking 1 orbiter. \u003ccite>(Viking/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More recently, missions in orbit and on the ground have churned up a preponderance of geological evidence that long ago liquid water flowed across Mars’ surface, filling large lakes and even shallow seas—an environment that may have been suitable to sustain life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very presence of liquid water in Mars’ past tells us that its atmosphere had to be much more substantial at one time–thicker, warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a big question has been,\u003cem> what happened to the atmosphere? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding what is responsible for the drastic difference between the cold dry Mars we see today and the warm and wet Mars of the distant past is key to answering important questions not only about Mars, but our home planet as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Might Earth someday fall victim to a similar crime? Is there a serial killer of planetary atmospheres on the loose, and should people on Earth start stock-piling tanks of air and water against the prospects of a Martian-esque future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>Don’t panic.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MAVEN was the first spacecraft ever sent to explore the uppermost regions of Mars’ atmosphere, where it comes into contact with the environment of the solar wind. It was believed that the answer to the mystery might be found in this region, but on-site forensic work was needed to prove it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">solar wind\u003c/a> is a continuous flow of high-speed, electrically charged particles (plasma) and magnetic fields exuded by the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blowing by with an average speed of about a million miles an hour, the solar wind affects the entire solar system, including the Earth. All of the objects in the solar system, even far beyond Pluto, are within this outflowing “bubble” of plasma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Does the Solar Wind Affect Us Here on Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at home, we can see the effects of exceptional solar wind activity: dazzling auroras around Earth’s poles, and “\u003ca href=\"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/geomagnetic-storms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">geomagnetic storms\u003c/a>” (fluctuations in \u003ca href=\"http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=64\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth’s magnetic field\u003c/a>) that on rare occasion have knocked out power grids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These effects, however, are not the result of the solar wind hammering away at our upper atmosphere, but by its interaction with Earth’s more extensive magnetic field. Earth’s atmosphere, for the most part, is safely tucked away within our planet’s great magnetic deflector shield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars-400x158.jpg\" alt=\"Artist illustration depicting Earth's dynamo-driven global magnetic field and the "fossil" remnants of Mars' extinct global field.\" width=\"400\" height=\"158\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars-400x158.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist illustration depicting Earth’s dynamo-driven global magnetic field and the “fossil” remnants of Mars’ extinct global field. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars, however, does not enjoy the same protection. Mars, at present, has no structured global magnetic field as Earth does—the kind with north and south poles and an enveloping donut shape, like a textbook bar magnet. With respect to the solar wind’s abrasive action, Mars’ deflectors are down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists had hypothesized, and now MAVEN has verified, that the energetic ions of the solar wind coming into direct contact with Martian atmospheric atoms result in those atoms being kicked off into space, thus slowly leaking away at Mars’ atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Bad Is the Leak in Mars’ Atmosphere?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MAVEN has detected\u003c/a> the amount of atmospheric gases escaping from Mars: around 100 grams per second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX5JCYBZpcg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">About three-quarters of the loss\u003c/a> occurs through a long “tail” extending away from the sun’s direction, and another quarter through a plume spewing off of Mars’ polar region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353455\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353455\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss-400x266.png\" alt=\"NASA's MAVEN spacecraft exploring the upper atmosphere of Mars. \" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss-400x266.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s MAVEN spacecraft exploring the upper atmosphere of Mars. \u003ccite>(Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>MAVEN has also found that the loss rate rises dramatically when solar wind activity increases, such as during solar storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this insight, we can now envision how Mars probably lost a major part of its atmosphere in the solar system’s younger days, billions of years ago, when the sun was more active and the solar wind more abrasive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though our understanding of exactly how Mars lost its water-supporting atmosphere won’t bring it back, it may help us better understand what Mars is all about today, including how we might go about looking for any remnants of its global paleoclimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-today-s-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed the presence of trickles of briny liquid water\u003c/a> seeping in certain spots on Mars today—a discovery that has scientists interested in finding signs of life on Mars very excited.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "NASA's Mars Atmospheric and Volatile Evolution mission identified the smoking gun in the whodunit mystery of what happened to Mars' once much warmer, thicker, wetter and more Earth-like atmosphere. Turns out the sun did it! ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last week, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/maven/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mars Atmospheric and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) \u003c/a>mission identified the smoking gun in the whodunit mystery of what happened to Mars’ once much warmer, thicker, and more Earth-like atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As some suspected, it has slowly been blown into space by energetic particles of the solar wind. \u003cem>Turns out the sun did it!\u003c/em> My money was on the butler….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Picturing a Warmer, Wetter Mars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the saga of our exploration of Mars, which has unfolded over the past five decades since the first robotic probe sent back images taken at close range, our understanding of Mars has improved dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early missions reported a dry, cold desert planet with an \u003ca href=\"http://www.space.com/16903-mars-atmosphere-climate-weather.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">atmosphere \u003c/a>a hundredth as thick as Earth’s, composed mostly of carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353456\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353456\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Mars' dry cratered surface and thin atmosphere imaged by the Viking 1 orbiter.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/mars-viking.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mars’ dry cratered surface and thin atmosphere imaged by the Viking 1 orbiter. \u003ccite>(Viking/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More recently, missions in orbit and on the ground have churned up a preponderance of geological evidence that long ago liquid water flowed across Mars’ surface, filling large lakes and even shallow seas—an environment that may have been suitable to sustain life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very presence of liquid water in Mars’ past tells us that its atmosphere had to be much more substantial at one time–thicker, warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a big question has been,\u003cem> what happened to the atmosphere? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding what is responsible for the drastic difference between the cold dry Mars we see today and the warm and wet Mars of the distant past is key to answering important questions not only about Mars, but our home planet as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Might Earth someday fall victim to a similar crime? Is there a serial killer of planetary atmospheres on the loose, and should people on Earth start stock-piling tanks of air and water against the prospects of a Martian-esque future?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cem>Don’t panic.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MAVEN was the first spacecraft ever sent to explore the uppermost regions of Mars’ atmosphere, where it comes into contact with the environment of the solar wind. It was believed that the answer to the mystery might be found in this region, but on-site forensic work was needed to prove it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">solar wind\u003c/a> is a continuous flow of high-speed, electrically charged particles (plasma) and magnetic fields exuded by the sun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blowing by with an average speed of about a million miles an hour, the solar wind affects the entire solar system, including the Earth. All of the objects in the solar system, even far beyond Pluto, are within this outflowing “bubble” of plasma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Does the Solar Wind Affect Us Here on Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here at home, we can see the effects of exceptional solar wind activity: dazzling auroras around Earth’s poles, and “\u003ca href=\"http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/phenomena/geomagnetic-storms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">geomagnetic storms\u003c/a>” (fluctuations in \u003ca href=\"http://www.physics.org/article-questions.asp?id=64\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth’s magnetic field\u003c/a>) that on rare occasion have knocked out power grids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These effects, however, are not the result of the solar wind hammering away at our upper atmosphere, but by its interaction with Earth’s more extensive magnetic field. Earth’s atmosphere, for the most part, is safely tucked away within our planet’s great magnetic deflector shield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars-400x158.jpg\" alt=\"Artist illustration depicting Earth's dynamo-driven global magnetic field and the "fossil" remnants of Mars' extinct global field.\" width=\"400\" height=\"158\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars-400x158.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/earthvsmars.jpg 794w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist illustration depicting Earth’s dynamo-driven global magnetic field and the “fossil” remnants of Mars’ extinct global field. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mars, however, does not enjoy the same protection. Mars, at present, has no structured global magnetic field as Earth does—the kind with north and south poles and an enveloping donut shape, like a textbook bar magnet. With respect to the solar wind’s abrasive action, Mars’ deflectors are down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists had hypothesized, and now MAVEN has verified, that the energetic ions of the solar wind coming into direct contact with Martian atmospheric atoms result in those atoms being kicked off into space, thus slowly leaking away at Mars’ atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Bad Is the Leak in Mars’ Atmosphere?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://mars.nasa.gov/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MAVEN has detected\u003c/a> the amount of atmospheric gases escaping from Mars: around 100 grams per second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX5JCYBZpcg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">About three-quarters of the loss\u003c/a> occurs through a long “tail” extending away from the sun’s direction, and another quarter through a plume spewing off of Mars’ polar region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_353455\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-353455\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss-400x266.png\" alt=\"NASA's MAVEN spacecraft exploring the upper atmosphere of Mars. \" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss-400x266.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/11/maven-atmosphere-loss.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA’s MAVEN spacecraft exploring the upper atmosphere of Mars. \u003ccite>(Goddard Space Flight Center/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>MAVEN has also found that the loss rate rises dramatically when solar wind activity increases, such as during solar storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this insight, we can now envision how Mars probably lost a major part of its atmosphere in the solar system’s younger days, billions of years ago, when the sun was more active and the solar wind more abrasive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though our understanding of exactly how Mars lost its water-supporting atmosphere won’t bring it back, it may help us better understand what Mars is all about today, including how we might go about looking for any remnants of its global paleoclimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-today-s-mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed the presence of trickles of briny liquid water\u003c/a> seeping in certain spots on Mars today—a discovery that has scientists interested in finding signs of life on Mars very excited.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Drought Driving Hungry Bears Into Sierra Town of Three Rivers",
"headTitle": "Drought Driving Hungry Bears Into Sierra Town of Three Rivers | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Tourists and animal lovers hoping to see a bear in Sequoia National Park this fall probably stand a better chance of spotting one in this tiny town at the park’s entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three Rivers is literally crawling with hungry bears driven down from the mountains by drought in search of food to fatten up for winter. Everyone seems to have photos of the creatures on their phones or anecdotes of encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”eivOvZhjffGiNjSDjEk8Z8JCTZAIguLQ”]Chas Haws’ eyes bugged out as he recalled his surprise coming face to face with a bear before dawn as he walked to Antoinette’s Coffee and Goodies shop along the main road one day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He carefully stepped back as the bear reared up and then walked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He didn’t care about me at all,” Haws said. “I didn’t smell like a muffin – yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt a bear invasion is afoot in this town of 2,200 that is home to an eclectic mix of park employees, cattle ranchers, hippies, yuppies and artists. It is also a retreat for Hollywood types that include Anjelica Huston and William Shatner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most seem delighted by the visiting black bears – many brown and cinnamon in color – lumbering through grasslands, trotting across roads or wading through rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four-year drought has shriveled the berry crop in the Sierra Nevada and led oaks on parched hillsides to produce fewer acorns, forcing the bears into the valleys carved by the branches of the Kaweah River that give this town its name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is plentiful and acorns carpet the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/kindall_/status/658126323018149888\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gregory Lockhart had seen one bear in 27 years until this season. Now they’re fixtures on the golf course out his back door and have been spotted by the pool of a guest house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The park is upon us now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One resident suggested on a town Facebook forum that people with guests seeking bears not bother winding up the road to the park. Others chimed in with suggestions of where to find them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crowd formed recently outside the River View restaurant to gawk at a bear up a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears have climbed on roofs for acorns and one was found exploring a bathroom under renovation in a house. A bear tore apart the outer walls of a resident’s pump house and a music studio to get at acorns a woodpecker had stowed in the siding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quiet nights are interrupted by air horns, banging on pots or a gunshot to scare off creatures known to forage 20 hours a day as they prepare for long winter naps. But some wonder if those shots are innocent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Beck heard dogs barking in the middle of the night followed by gunfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are shooting the bears, there’s no doubt,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaweahcommonwealth.com/news/game-wardens-probe-illegal-bear-killings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kaweah Commonwealth reported\u003c/a> that bears have been illegally slaughtered, but game wardens dismissed it as far-fetched because of a lack of evidence, such as names of suspects, vehicle descriptions or dead bears, Lt. Doug Barnhart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The account, however, has sown conflict between nature lovers and those who think it’s a tall tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m upset and sad, and I just question, ‘Why?'” said Kathleen McCleary, who noted a sense of outrage in some circles. “I don’t see any reason to be shooting them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrell Fleeman was so disgusted with the story that he yanked his auto repair shop ad from the newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where’s the proof?” he said. “If that were the case, there’d be dead bears everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State game wardens haven’t had as many complaints in this area of central California as last season, when bears made it to the San Joaquin Valley cities of Visalia, Porterville and Bakersfield, Barnhart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents have legally killed bears that broke into cabins and cars in Springville and Camp Nelson, about 25 miles south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Three Rivers, bears have knocked over plenty of garbage cans and raided fruit trees and grape vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They did a number on the apple orchard at Shatner’s Belle Reve ranch, said caretaker Sal Natoli, who added that he got a depredation permit to kill the culprits but didn’t use it during the two-week period it was valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees look “just like Venus de Milo,” the armless ancient Greek statue, Natoli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear hunting season runs until Dec. 27 or when a statewide limit of 1,700 bears is killed. The state hasn’t come close to that figure since dogs were outlawed in the hunt in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gunfire may not be the biggest challenge for the bears at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they don’t pack on enough pounds, they won’t return to the mountains to den for the winter, said David Graber, former chief scientist for the National Park Service for the West Coast and a longtime Three Rivers resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they don’t hibernate, they’re going to die,” Graber said. “That’s a rare, uncommon event.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Tourists and animal lovers hoping to see a bear in Sequoia National Park probably stand a better chance of spotting one in this town at the park’s entrance.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tourists and animal lovers hoping to see a bear in Sequoia National Park this fall probably stand a better chance of spotting one in this tiny town at the park’s entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three Rivers is literally crawling with hungry bears driven down from the mountains by drought in search of food to fatten up for winter. Everyone seems to have photos of the creatures on their phones or anecdotes of encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Chas Haws’ eyes bugged out as he recalled his surprise coming face to face with a bear before dawn as he walked to Antoinette’s Coffee and Goodies shop along the main road one day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He carefully stepped back as the bear reared up and then walked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He didn’t care about me at all,” Haws said. “I didn’t smell like a muffin – yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no doubt a bear invasion is afoot in this town of 2,200 that is home to an eclectic mix of park employees, cattle ranchers, hippies, yuppies and artists. It is also a retreat for Hollywood types that include Anjelica Huston and William Shatner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most seem delighted by the visiting black bears – many brown and cinnamon in color – lumbering through grasslands, trotting across roads or wading through rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four-year drought has shriveled the berry crop in the Sierra Nevada and led oaks on parched hillsides to produce fewer acorns, forcing the bears into the valleys carved by the branches of the Kaweah River that give this town its name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is plentiful and acorns carpet the ground.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Gregory Lockhart had seen one bear in 27 years until this season. Now they’re fixtures on the golf course out his back door and have been spotted by the pool of a guest house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The park is upon us now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One resident suggested on a town Facebook forum that people with guests seeking bears not bother winding up the road to the park. Others chimed in with suggestions of where to find them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A crowd formed recently outside the River View restaurant to gawk at a bear up a tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears have climbed on roofs for acorns and one was found exploring a bathroom under renovation in a house. A bear tore apart the outer walls of a resident’s pump house and a music studio to get at acorns a woodpecker had stowed in the siding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quiet nights are interrupted by air horns, banging on pots or a gunshot to scare off creatures known to forage 20 hours a day as they prepare for long winter naps. But some wonder if those shots are innocent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Beck heard dogs barking in the middle of the night followed by gunfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are shooting the bears, there’s no doubt,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaweahcommonwealth.com/news/game-wardens-probe-illegal-bear-killings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Kaweah Commonwealth reported\u003c/a> that bears have been illegally slaughtered, but game wardens dismissed it as far-fetched because of a lack of evidence, such as names of suspects, vehicle descriptions or dead bears, Lt. Doug Barnhart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The account, however, has sown conflict between nature lovers and those who think it’s a tall tale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m upset and sad, and I just question, ‘Why?'” said Kathleen McCleary, who noted a sense of outrage in some circles. “I don’t see any reason to be shooting them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrell Fleeman was so disgusted with the story that he yanked his auto repair shop ad from the newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where’s the proof?” he said. “If that were the case, there’d be dead bears everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State game wardens haven’t had as many complaints in this area of central California as last season, when bears made it to the San Joaquin Valley cities of Visalia, Porterville and Bakersfield, Barnhart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents have legally killed bears that broke into cabins and cars in Springville and Camp Nelson, about 25 miles south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Three Rivers, bears have knocked over plenty of garbage cans and raided fruit trees and grape vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They did a number on the apple orchard at Shatner’s Belle Reve ranch, said caretaker Sal Natoli, who added that he got a depredation permit to kill the culprits but didn’t use it during the two-week period it was valid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees look “just like Venus de Milo,” the armless ancient Greek statue, Natoli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear hunting season runs until Dec. 27 or when a statewide limit of 1,700 bears is killed. The state hasn’t come close to that figure since dogs were outlawed in the hunt in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gunfire may not be the biggest challenge for the bears at this point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they don’t pack on enough pounds, they won’t return to the mountains to den for the winter, said David Graber, former chief scientist for the National Park Service for the West Coast and a longtime Three Rivers resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they don’t hibernate, they’re going to die,” Graber said. “That’s a rare, uncommon event.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Why Is an Algae Bloom Closing Crab Season in California?",
"headTitle": "Why Is an Algae Bloom Closing Crab Season in California? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: Nov 6, 5:55 p.m.:\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have delayed the opening of the commercial Dungeness crab season, which was scheduled for November 15th. It will remain closed until tests show the crab is safe for consumption. The state Department of Fish and Wildlife also closed the commercial rock crab fishery, which is normally open year-round. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Story:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have closed recreational fishing for Dungeness and rock crab on the California coast north of Santa Barbara to the Oregon border, due to a large algae bloom that’s making the crab unsafe for consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bloom, created by an organism called \u003cem>Pseudo-nitzschia, \u003c/em>produces a neurotoxin that can build up in marine life. It causes vomiting, diarrhea, and cramping in humans and even death in severe cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are expected to delay the opening of the commercial Dungeness crab season as well. It’s scheduled to open on November 15th. The recreational fishery will open as soon as test samples show the crab is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does this toxin get into marine animals and when might it clear out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED News spoke with Clarissa Anderson, a research scientist at the Institute of Marine Sciences at UC Santa Cruz, to find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Algae blooms off the Pacific coast aren’t new but why is this one so large and persistent?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bloom has been unprecedented in its extent and its persistence. It started in May and continued on to September. And while we were expecting such a bloom in the spring and even into the summer as has happened in years past, we did not really expect to see this continue into September.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The issue with the crabs is that toxin can persist in the sediments.’ \u003ccite>Clarissa Anderson, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The warm temperatures all along the North Pacific and off the West Coast are contributing to the persistence of this bloom and are allowing it to stay in the surface waters. We’re now starting to see that subside a little bit as we go into fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why are the waters so warm? Is it El Niño?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, it’s true that El Niño is on its way. But we’re not quite seeing the manifestations of El Niño in California just yet. For the last two years, we have seen these very high temperatures in the waters off the coast and we’re calling that the warm “blob.” And that has been interacting with the bloom and sort of creating an unprecedented situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long might these levels of domoic acid last in the ocean?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know from weekly sampling that domoic acid levels, at least in the surface waters, have been coming down for the last two months. And they’re pretty low now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue with the crabs is that toxin can persist in the sediments. And those crabs are feeding on all kinds of crustaceans and shrimp along the bottom. And so the crabs are bio-accumulating it in their flesh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So this toxin, while it might not be continuing to be produced by the algae, it certainly is in the sediments and could last there for quite some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”0U6kFEVdBEJtwZ4hjwMIu1StxDI0HbXE”]\u003cstrong>Could storms or high winds clear out the algae bloom?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we start to see some big storms from El Niño, we might start to see the water column turn over and some of these toxins flush away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as far as sediments go, it might be a little trickier. But I think that some storms would do a lot to clear this up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So once a crab has this level of domoic acid in its body, how long does it take for it to clear out of the crab so it’s safe to eat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t have great data on the clearance rate of domoic acid from crabs. We know that they will clear it out naturally via their kidneys and they will excrete it. But we don’t know just how long it will take if they continue to acquire it and feed an environment where there is a lot of domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the question is: are they going to continue to acquire it or will they be able to just excrete it over a number of days to weeks. And then we can move on and start harvesting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And it’s not just crabs that are being affected by the neurotoxin, right? People should avoid eating fresh sardines and anchovies.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This toxin can work its way up the food web and we’ve seen unusual mortality events in California sea lions and also whales farther north in Alaska. Sea lions have been stranding within California as well as in Oregon and Washington throughout the summer and are continuing to strand.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "State officials have now delayed the commercial Dungeness crab season until the crab are safe to eat.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: Nov 6, 5:55 p.m.:\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have delayed the opening of the commercial Dungeness crab season, which was scheduled for November 15th. It will remain closed until tests show the crab is safe for consumption. The state Department of Fish and Wildlife also closed the commercial rock crab fishery, which is normally open year-round. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Story:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials have closed recreational fishing for Dungeness and rock crab on the California coast north of Santa Barbara to the Oregon border, due to a large algae bloom that’s making the crab unsafe for consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bloom, created by an organism called \u003cem>Pseudo-nitzschia, \u003c/em>produces a neurotoxin that can build up in marine life. It causes vomiting, diarrhea, and cramping in humans and even death in severe cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials are expected to delay the opening of the commercial Dungeness crab season as well. It’s scheduled to open on November 15th. The recreational fishery will open as soon as test samples show the crab is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does this toxin get into marine animals and when might it clear out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED News spoke with Clarissa Anderson, a research scientist at the Institute of Marine Sciences at UC Santa Cruz, to find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Algae blooms off the Pacific coast aren’t new but why is this one so large and persistent?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This bloom has been unprecedented in its extent and its persistence. It started in May and continued on to September. And while we were expecting such a bloom in the spring and even into the summer as has happened in years past, we did not really expect to see this continue into September.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The issue with the crabs is that toxin can persist in the sediments.’ \u003ccite>Clarissa Anderson, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The warm temperatures all along the North Pacific and off the West Coast are contributing to the persistence of this bloom and are allowing it to stay in the surface waters. We’re now starting to see that subside a little bit as we go into fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why are the waters so warm? Is it El Niño?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, it’s true that El Niño is on its way. But we’re not quite seeing the manifestations of El Niño in California just yet. For the last two years, we have seen these very high temperatures in the waters off the coast and we’re calling that the warm “blob.” And that has been interacting with the bloom and sort of creating an unprecedented situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long might these levels of domoic acid last in the ocean?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know from weekly sampling that domoic acid levels, at least in the surface waters, have been coming down for the last two months. And they’re pretty low now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue with the crabs is that toxin can persist in the sediments. And those crabs are feeding on all kinds of crustaceans and shrimp along the bottom. And so the crabs are bio-accumulating it in their flesh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So this toxin, while it might not be continuing to be produced by the algae, it certainly is in the sediments and could last there for quite some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could storms or high winds clear out the algae bloom?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we start to see some big storms from El Niño, we might start to see the water column turn over and some of these toxins flush away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as far as sediments go, it might be a little trickier. But I think that some storms would do a lot to clear this up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So once a crab has this level of domoic acid in its body, how long does it take for it to clear out of the crab so it’s safe to eat?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t have great data on the clearance rate of domoic acid from crabs. We know that they will clear it out naturally via their kidneys and they will excrete it. But we don’t know just how long it will take if they continue to acquire it and feed an environment where there is a lot of domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the question is: are they going to continue to acquire it or will they be able to just excrete it over a number of days to weeks. And then we can move on and start harvesting them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And it’s not just crabs that are being affected by the neurotoxin, right? People should avoid eating fresh sardines and anchovies.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This toxin can work its way up the food web and we’ve seen unusual mortality events in California sea lions and also whales farther north in Alaska. Sea lions have been stranding within California as well as in Oregon and Washington throughout the summer and are continuing to strand.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Californians Take Drought Lessons From Down Under",
"headTitle": "Californians Take Drought Lessons From Down Under | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/10/DroughtLessonsfromAustralia.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Australia has become a crossroads for California policymakers seeking clues to coping with long, arduous droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of state lawmakers led by Senate President Pro Tempore Kevin de León spent the last couple of weeks Down Under.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Australia is well-positioned to handle the next, inevitable drought,” said Senator Ben Allen in a statement following the trip. ” California would be wise to take a similar long-term approach,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia Marcus agrees. She heads the State Water Resources Control Board and crossed paths with legislators on her second fact-finding trip to Australia as the state’s top water regulator. Marcus has long admired the Aussies’ cooperative, “can-do” attitude toward water issues and wouldn’t mind seeing a little more of that here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gMB9PQ2MIAg2FiX9cFhrEH5hMrtxGkQW”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we have the can-do attitude,” Marcus told KQED on her return. “We just spend a lot of our time fighting in a system that’s very adversarial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So given those differences, how much of the “drought-proofing” that Australia’s done could really work here in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They have a practical and pragmatic mentality about how to get things done. They think more as a community. I find it inspiring.’\u003ccite>Felicia Marcus, Chair\u003cbr>\nState Water Resources Control Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of lessons we can learn,” says \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - bio\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/about-us/staff-and-board/matthew-g-heberger-p-e/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matthew Heberger\u003c/a>, a water analyst at Oakland’s \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - main\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>. He’s written extensively about the Australians’ own revelations during the millennial drought that lasted from nine to twelve years, depending on how you measure it. That’s something that hasn’t happened in California for at least a century. (There were two six-year droughts in the 20th century.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heberger says the Big Dry inspired major changes: “Lots of initiatives to capture runoff and infiltrate it into the ground, where you can later use it for water supply,” he notes, “not allowing stormwater to just run off into the sea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Dry was \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wrcr.20123/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the worst drought in Australia’s history\u003c/a>. It devastated the farm economy (at one point halving the number of sheep, the nation’s principal livestock) and triggered severe restrictions on urban water use. It also transformed the water culture in that country — and much of it stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely,” says \u003ca title=\"Stanford - Rebecca Nelson\" href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/about/people/rebecca-nelson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rebecca Nelson\u003c/a>, a Melbourne-based research fellow at Stanford’s Woods Institute for the Environment. “The ethical and moral dimension of water use, I think really built during the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 332px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/rain-water.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-332913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/rain-water.jpg\" alt=\"Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems.\" width=\"332\" height=\"589\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems. \u003ccite>(Albert Barlow/Rain Water Systems)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They have a practical and pragmatic mentality about how to get things done,” adds Marcus. “They think more as a community. I find it inspiring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Water Use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had here a phenomenon that people called ‘bucket back,” Nelson says, describing the back strain Aussies would suffer from catching the excess shower water in buckets and hauling it outside to water the garden — an affliction \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/18/drought-diary-san-francisco-use-a-bucket-for-watering-plants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">now endured by many Californians\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nelson’s hometown of Melbourne gets just about the same average rainfall as San Francisco — about 23 inches a year. She estimates that about half the homes in Melbourne now have systems to capture and store rain, and newer homes are being built with dual plumbing systems to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/09/use-of-greywater-catching-on-as-drought-continues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recycle greywater\u003c/a>. (For example, rinse water from the washing machine goes to the toilet for flushing.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spurred by the Big Dry, residential water use in Melbourne shrank to about 40 gallons per person, per day — including outside watering. Californians still average more than double that, despite unprecedented statewide restrictions on water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Desalination: A Cautionary Tale\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Australia’s government spent $25 billion on drought countermeasures — that’s three times as much as the water bond that Californians passed last year — for a country with a little more than half the population of California. That ambitious program included a string of desalination plants along the coast, a decision that many question in retrospect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332929\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-332929\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\" alt=\"Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia’s ‘Big Dry.’ \" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM-400x275.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia’s ‘Big Dry.’ \u003ccite>(Australian Bureau of Meteorology)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Desalination is considered a holy grail by water managers,” says Heberger. “The ocean is essentially a limitless source of water. The problem is that it’s expensive, and it’s energy-intensive to take the salt out of the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consequently, when the rains returned to Australia, which they did with a vengeance at the end of 2010, desalted seawater could no longer compete price-wise with water that fell from the sky. “And so you’ve got these very expensive projects that have, for now at least, been sort of mothballed,” says Heberger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That pendulum could swing back soon as historically strong El Niño conditions in the Pacific Ocean threaten drought again in Australia (the opposite of its likely effect here).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years into California’s drought, the desal train is gaining speed here. This nation’s \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25859513/nations-largest-ocean-desalination-plant-goes-up-near\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">largest plant\u003c/a> is about to go online in Carlsbad, with at least a dozen more on the drawing board. Nelson says there’s a cautionary tale here: the best decisions for drought planning are not made during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most ordinary citizens would say it’s fantastic to have a climate-independent source of water,” she said. “But the panic that’s generated during drought, many people say, led the [Melbourne] desal plant to be built many, many more times bigger than it really should’ve been. And as a result, it’s very, very costly, even though it’s not being used.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332933\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-332933\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg\" alt=\"A secret service agent looks over a fallowed field near the Fresno County town of Firebaugh, during a February 2014 visit by President Obama to announce emergency drought relief measures.\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg 2400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-400x232.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-800x464.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1440x835.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1920x1113.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1180x684.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-960x556.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A secret service agent looks over a fallowed field near the Fresno County town of Firebaugh, during a February 2014 visit by President Obama to announce emergency drought relief measures. \u003ccite>(Wally Skalij/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many parallels between here and there when it comes to water. In both places, most of the water is in the north, most of the people in the south. The rain tends not to fall during the growing season. And Australia’s agriculture — like California’s — uses by far the biggest volume of water, more than two-thirds in Australia, closer to three-quarters in California (of the water available for human use).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s where transplanting lessons gets a little tricky. Here, farm water is meted out by a longstanding — some would say byzantine — system of property rights: junior, senior, riparian, pre-1914, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That consideration just doesn’t exist in Australia,” says Nelson. “The way that Australian water law manages scarcity is, if there’s less water around, everybody takes a haircut.” She and Marcus agree, that’s made it easier for Australians to develop an enviable system of water marketing for farmers and ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as easy to sell water from your water bank account as it is to just transfer money from a normal bank account,” Nelson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more than one observer has put it, Californians tend to settle their accounts in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if Australia is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_28185150/california-drought-can-we-learn-from-australias-big\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">useful laboratory\u003c/a> for developing drought resilience, does that mean that California needs its own nine-year drought as a kind of shock therapy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t wish that on anyone,” says Heberger. “But it did certainly do a lot to raise awareness. Everyone could tell you, you know, how high the water level in the reservoir is, that people become much more attuned to where our water comes from, that we’re taking it out of the environment and using it. And that has repercussions and an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Awareness has already proven to be a powerful conservation tool in California’s four-year drought. But long-term “water security” for the Golden State will take political will and compromise — something else that is often in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is an updated version of a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/30/drought-lessons-from-down-under/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post\u003c/a> that first appeared on June 30, 2014.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A passel of state lawmakers spent the last couple of weeks Down Under, asking what drought measures could work here.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Australia has become a crossroads for California policymakers seeking clues to coping with long, arduous droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of state lawmakers led by Senate President Pro Tempore Kevin de León spent the last couple of weeks Down Under.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Australia is well-positioned to handle the next, inevitable drought,” said Senator Ben Allen in a statement following the trip. ” California would be wise to take a similar long-term approach,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia Marcus agrees. She heads the State Water Resources Control Board and crossed paths with legislators on her second fact-finding trip to Australia as the state’s top water regulator. Marcus has long admired the Aussies’ cooperative, “can-do” attitude toward water issues and wouldn’t mind seeing a little more of that here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we have the can-do attitude,” Marcus told KQED on her return. “We just spend a lot of our time fighting in a system that’s very adversarial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So given those differences, how much of the “drought-proofing” that Australia’s done could really work here in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They have a practical and pragmatic mentality about how to get things done. They think more as a community. I find it inspiring.’\u003ccite>Felicia Marcus, Chair\u003cbr>\nState Water Resources Control Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of lessons we can learn,” says \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - bio\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/about-us/staff-and-board/matthew-g-heberger-p-e/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matthew Heberger\u003c/a>, a water analyst at Oakland’s \u003ca title=\"Pac Inst - main\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>. He’s written extensively about the Australians’ own revelations during the millennial drought that lasted from nine to twelve years, depending on how you measure it. That’s something that hasn’t happened in California for at least a century. (There were two six-year droughts in the 20th century.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heberger says the Big Dry inspired major changes: “Lots of initiatives to capture runoff and infiltrate it into the ground, where you can later use it for water supply,” he notes, “not allowing stormwater to just run off into the sea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Dry was \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wrcr.20123/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the worst drought in Australia’s history\u003c/a>. It devastated the farm economy (at one point halving the number of sheep, the nation’s principal livestock) and triggered severe restrictions on urban water use. It also transformed the water culture in that country — and much of it stuck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely,” says \u003ca title=\"Stanford - Rebecca Nelson\" href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/about/people/rebecca-nelson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rebecca Nelson\u003c/a>, a Melbourne-based research fellow at Stanford’s Woods Institute for the Environment. “The ethical and moral dimension of water use, I think really built during the drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 332px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/rain-water.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-332913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/rain-water.jpg\" alt=\"Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems.\" width=\"332\" height=\"589\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Australian homes now have rainwater capture systems. \u003ccite>(Albert Barlow/Rain Water Systems)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They have a practical and pragmatic mentality about how to get things done,” adds Marcus. “They think more as a community. I find it inspiring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Water Use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had here a phenomenon that people called ‘bucket back,” Nelson says, describing the back strain Aussies would suffer from catching the excess shower water in buckets and hauling it outside to water the garden — an affliction \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/18/drought-diary-san-francisco-use-a-bucket-for-watering-plants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">now endured by many Californians\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nelson’s hometown of Melbourne gets just about the same average rainfall as San Francisco — about 23 inches a year. She estimates that about half the homes in Melbourne now have systems to capture and store rain, and newer homes are being built with dual plumbing systems to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/09/use-of-greywater-catching-on-as-drought-continues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recycle greywater\u003c/a>. (For example, rinse water from the washing machine goes to the toilet for flushing.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spurred by the Big Dry, residential water use in Melbourne shrank to about 40 gallons per person, per day — including outside watering. Californians still average more than double that, despite unprecedented statewide restrictions on water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Desalination: A Cautionary Tale\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Australia’s government spent $25 billion on drought countermeasures — that’s three times as much as the water bond that Californians passed last year — for a country with a little more than half the population of California. That ambitious program included a string of desalination plants along the coast, a decision that many question in retrospect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332929\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-332929\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg\" alt=\"Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia’s ‘Big Dry.’ \" width=\"640\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/BigDryMap_2002-03_ABM-400x275.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map shows vast areas with record-low rainfall during the worst of Australia’s ‘Big Dry.’ \u003ccite>(Australian Bureau of Meteorology)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Desalination is considered a holy grail by water managers,” says Heberger. “The ocean is essentially a limitless source of water. The problem is that it’s expensive, and it’s energy-intensive to take the salt out of the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consequently, when the rains returned to Australia, which they did with a vengeance at the end of 2010, desalted seawater could no longer compete price-wise with water that fell from the sky. “And so you’ve got these very expensive projects that have, for now at least, been sort of mothballed,” says Heberger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That pendulum could swing back soon as historically strong El Niño conditions in the Pacific Ocean threaten drought again in Australia (the opposite of its likely effect here).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years into California’s drought, the desal train is gaining speed here. This nation’s \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25859513/nations-largest-ocean-desalination-plant-goes-up-near\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">largest plant\u003c/a> is about to go online in Carlsbad, with at least a dozen more on the drawing board. Nelson says there’s a cautionary tale here: the best decisions for drought planning are not made during the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most ordinary citizens would say it’s fantastic to have a climate-independent source of water,” she said. “But the panic that’s generated during drought, many people say, led the [Melbourne] desal plant to be built many, many more times bigger than it really should’ve been. And as a result, it’s very, very costly, even though it’s not being used.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_332933\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-332933\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg\" alt=\"A secret service agent looks over a fallowed field near the Fresno County town of Firebaugh, during a February 2014 visit by President Obama to announce emergency drought relief measures.\" width=\"2400\" height=\"1391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715.jpg 2400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-400x232.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-800x464.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1440x835.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1920x1113.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-1180x684.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/RS9309_469437715-960x556.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A secret service agent looks over a fallowed field near the Fresno County town of Firebaugh, during a February 2014 visit by President Obama to announce emergency drought relief measures. \u003ccite>(Wally Skalij/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agriculture\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many parallels between here and there when it comes to water. In both places, most of the water is in the north, most of the people in the south. The rain tends not to fall during the growing season. And Australia’s agriculture — like California’s — uses by far the biggest volume of water, more than two-thirds in Australia, closer to three-quarters in California (of the water available for human use).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s where transplanting lessons gets a little tricky. Here, farm water is meted out by a longstanding — some would say byzantine — system of property rights: junior, senior, riparian, pre-1914, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That consideration just doesn’t exist in Australia,” says Nelson. “The way that Australian water law manages scarcity is, if there’s less water around, everybody takes a haircut.” She and Marcus agree, that’s made it easier for Australians to develop an enviable system of water marketing for farmers and ranchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as easy to sell water from your water bank account as it is to just transfer money from a normal bank account,” Nelson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more than one observer has put it, Californians tend to settle their accounts in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if Australia is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_28185150/california-drought-can-we-learn-from-australias-big\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">useful laboratory\u003c/a> for developing drought resilience, does that mean that California needs its own nine-year drought as a kind of shock therapy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t wish that on anyone,” says Heberger. “But it did certainly do a lot to raise awareness. Everyone could tell you, you know, how high the water level in the reservoir is, that people become much more attuned to where our water comes from, that we’re taking it out of the environment and using it. And that has repercussions and an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Awareness has already proven to be a powerful conservation tool in California’s four-year drought. But long-term “water security” for the Golden State will take political will and compromise — something else that is often in short supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is an updated version of a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/06/30/drought-lessons-from-down-under/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post\u003c/a> that first appeared on June 30, 2014.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>While the majority of Californians continued to save water in September, four water districts are being fined for failing to step up conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts around the state have had to meet strict conservation goals for four months now. More than a quarter of them are falling short, but regulators singled out Beverly Hills, Indio, Redlands, and Coachella Valley Water District for failing to show a serious effort to cut water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/5fc64c10-7f5d-11e5-9166-0e5db1731f59/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“We could have saved even more water if some residents, businesses and institutions in these communities had stepped up the way their fellow Californians have,” said Cris Carrigan of the Office of Enforcement at the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The districts each face a $61,000 fine and could be fined again in future months. Water board officials have the option of fining up to $10,000 a day if they decide the violations become more egregious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, Californians saved 26.1 percent in September, lower than the 27 percent saved in August but still above the Governor’s goal of 25 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials warn that water conservation is harder to achieve in the winter, when outdoor watering is at a low point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also warned that heavy El Niño rains are unlikely to solve California’s drought, because the water deficit is so large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“El Niño is here,” said Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Quality Resources Control Board. “We’re pretty sure we’re going to get Southern California rainfall, but we need it in Northern California where many of our large-scale reservoirs are.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While the majority of Californians continued to save water in September, four water districts are being fined for failing to step up conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts around the state have had to meet strict conservation goals for four months now. More than a quarter of them are falling short, but regulators singled out Beverly Hills, Indio, Redlands, and Coachella Valley Water District for failing to show a serious effort to cut water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/5fc64c10-7f5d-11e5-9166-0e5db1731f59/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“We could have saved even more water if some residents, businesses and institutions in these communities had stepped up the way their fellow Californians have,” said Cris Carrigan of the Office of Enforcement at the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The districts each face a $61,000 fine and could be fined again in future months. Water board officials have the option of fining up to $10,000 a day if they decide the violations become more egregious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, Californians saved 26.1 percent in September, lower than the 27 percent saved in August but still above the Governor’s goal of 25 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials warn that water conservation is harder to achieve in the winter, when outdoor watering is at a low point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also warned that heavy El Niño rains are unlikely to solve California’s drought, because the water deficit is so large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“El Niño is here,” said Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Quality Resources Control Board. “We’re pretty sure we’re going to get Southern California rainfall, but we need it in Northern California where many of our large-scale reservoirs are.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Wind Energy vs. Golden Eagles",
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"content": "\u003cp>The wind energy company that received a controversial extension in March to continue operating hundreds of old wind turbines in the Altamont Pass is now planning to shut them down, according to an email KQED has obtained. The company might also be replacing them with fewer new turbines, a move that would make its operation safer for birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Winds, Inc. (AWI), one of the largest operators in the East Bay’s Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, told the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in an Oct. 23 email that it is permanently shutting down all its turbines there by Sunday. The company operates 828 turbines in the Altamont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91965\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Lynes, director of public policy at Audubon California. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91965\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Lynes, director of public policy at Audubon California. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sudden move is important, environmentalists say, because hundreds of birds die at the Altamont each year after getting hit by wind turbine blades, colliding with windmills, or becoming trapped inside them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good outcome for birds in the Altamont,” says Michael Lynes, director of public policy for Audubon California, in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other wind companies that own turbines in the Altamont, NextEra and EDF Renewable Energy, are replacing hundreds of old turbines with fewer, more powerful and more carefully sited turbines, a measure referred to as “repowering” that biologists say can reduce bird deaths. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91966\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"EDF Renewable Energy, a wind energy company based in San Diego, plans to replace about 300 turbines at its Patterson Pass wind farm, in the Altamont, with 10 to 12 new turbines. Together, the new turbines will produce twice as much electricity as the old ones did. Biologists have found that replacing a group of old turbines with carefully sited new turbines can reduce bird mortality at wind farms. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91966\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">EDF Renewable Energy, a wind energy company based in San Diego, plans to replace about 300 turbines at its Patterson Pass wind farm, in the Altamont, with 10 to 12 new turbines. Together, the new turbines will produce twice as much electricity as the old ones did. Biologists have found that replacing a group of old turbines with carefully sited new turbines can reduce bird mortality at wind farms. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By keeping turbines out of low-lying areas of the Altamont, for example, companies could help golden eagles, says biologist Joe DiDonato, who is part of a team that has been monitoring 18 of these birds through radio transmitters. Golden eagles can hit a turbine as they fly low in the terrain in search of prey. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re using that hill as a camouflage to slip around the corner and maybe grab an unsuspecting squirrel,” said DiDonato on a recent visit to the Altamont Pass area, as he pointed to a golden eagle flying nearby. “If they’re coming around the low end of a ridge and the wind picks them up, it could push them towards a wind turbine blade as well.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91963\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Biologist Joe DiDonato looked for golden eagles at the Buena Vista wind farm, in the Altamont Pass, in July. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91963\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Joe DiDonato looked for golden eagles at the Buena Vista wind farm, in the Altamont Pass, in July. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concern About Birds Said to Prompt Closure \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AWI’s permit from Alameda County had required the company to remove its turbines this year, in order to reduce bird deaths. But the company instead applied for a three-year extension to the county, which oversees operation of most of the 78-square-mile Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to Alameda County, Jill Birchell, special agent in charge of the USFWS’ Office of Law Enforcement for California and Nevada wrote that turbines “owned and operated” by AWI in the Altamont had been associated with the death or injury of 67 golden eagles between 2004 and 2014. She recommended that the county deny AWI’s request to extend its operation permit for its turbines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on March 24, the county’s board of supervisors gave AWI a controversial extension that allowed the Tracy wind company to continue operating its old-generation turbines until 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abruptly last week, on Oct. 23, AWI vice president Bill Damon sent an email to the USFWS in Sacramento informing the agency of its decision to close down all its Altamont turbines by Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reduction of avian impacts was a primary factor that influenced our decision to discontinue operating our Altamont wind farms,” Damon wrote in his email. KQED has obtained a copy of the email, but neither Damon nor AWI president Rick Koebbe returned calls and emails seeking confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Black Eye’ for Wind Energy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91967\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Golden eagles fly by a wind turbine in the Altamont Pass. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91967\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-1440x811.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden eagles fly by a wind turbine in the Altamont Pass. \u003ccite>(Shawn Smallwood)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the early 1980s, wind companies installed 7,000 turbines in the Altamont Pass. Shortly after the wind farms opened, scientists discovered the turbines were killing hundreds of birds of prey each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Altamont was sort of seen as a black eye for renewable energy,” says the Audubon’s Lynes, “because anytime someone was proposing a new wind farm, it would raise the specter of the Altamont Pass.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, several local chapters of the Audubon Society, as well as other environmental groups, sued to force wind companies to protect birds in the Altamont. The settlement reached in 2007 required Alameda County and wind companies to cut bird mortality in half by 2009. To that end, companies agreed to remove turbines that biologists deemed to be most dangerous to birds. They also began to shut down their turbines during the winter months, when electricity demand is lowest and bird activity highest. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91968\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Workers pulled down this wind turbine at the Tres Vaqueros wind farm in the Altamont Pass in July. All throughout the Altamont, companies are tearing down old turbines. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91968\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-1440x811.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pulled down this wind turbine at the Tres Vaqueros wind farm in the Altamont Pass in July. All throughout the Altamont, companies are tearing down old turbines. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Altamont Pass has only about 3,000 turbines now. But statistics compiled by the county in 2014 show bird mortality has decreased by only 25 to 40 percent, depending on the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AWI, which is based in Tracy, has applied for a permit from Alameda County to replace 511 of its turbines with 33 new turbines, says Sandra Rivera, of the Alameda County Planning Department. Rivera says the East County Board of Zoning Adjustments is scheduled to hear AWI’s request for this repowering permit on Nov. 19. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new 33 turbines would together produce as much energy as the 511 old turbines, a total of 54 MW. This is equivalent to one sixth of the Altamont’s total current capacity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivera calls the news that AWI plans to shut down all its turbines and seek a permit to replace most of them “a big deal.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They (AWI) will be in sync with the rest of the repowering,” Rivera says. “And the old-gen turbines, which are known to cause more fatalities, will be removed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county requires companies to remove any turbines they shut down within a year of doing so, says Rivera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91961\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District, visits Buena Vista wind farm in July. In 2007 Buena Vista was one of the first wind farms in the Altamont Pass where old turbines were replaced with new ones. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91961\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District, visits Buena Vista wind farm in July. In 2007 Buena Vista was one of the first wind farms in the Altamont Pass where old turbines were replaced with new ones. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Only as we do the careful repowering can we hope to reduce the overall kill rates of golden eagles,” says Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District. “Not only should energy production be sustainable in terms of carbon off-sets; it should also be sustainable in terms of the wildlife and the local impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Golden Eagles Better Protected\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden eagles are of particular concern in the Altamont Pass, which is part of the densest nesting area for these raptors in the world, Bell says. According to Alameda County estimates, wind turbines at Altamont killed some 35 golden eagles in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Altamont is killing more eagles than the local population can reproduce,” says Bell, who does research on golden eagles. “It’s taking out more youngsters than they can produce and replace themselves with. Their population is going down the drain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden eagles are protected by federal law and it’s illegal to kill a single eagle. Wind energy has tripled in the country in the past seven years and the federal government has stepped up enforcement of the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91962\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Krysta Rogers, of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in Sacramento holds up the wing of a dead golden eagle. The eagle was found injured on July 25 on a wind farm in the Altamont Pass operated by AWI and had to be euthanized, according to an East Bay Regional Park District report. Rogers said the amputation to the bird’s left wing was “consistent with a wind turbine strike.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91962\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Krysta Rogers, of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in Sacramento holds up the wing of a dead golden eagle. The eagle was found injured on July 25 on a wind farm in the Altamont Pass operated by AWI and had to be euthanized, according to an East Bay Regional Park District report. Rogers said the amputation to the bird’s left wing was “consistent with a wind turbine strike.” \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice, with help from the USFWS, has prosecuted two wind energy companies—Duke Energy Renewables and PacifiCorp Energy—for the killing of golden eagles and other birds on their wind farms in Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014 the USFWS awarded its first so-called eagle “take” permit. These permits allow wind energy companies to kill a small number of golden eagles each year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prosecution of those two companies certainly sent a message to companies across the country that the Service will, and can, prosecute companies for violation of the Bald and Golden Eagle Act,” says U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) spokesperson Scott Flaherty. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USFWS has 16 open investigations on wind energy companies around the country, Flaherty says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has opened a criminal investigation of one company doing business in the Altamont concerning its turbines’ “take” of golden eagles, Birchell said in an email in July. Birchell wouldn’t say which company the agency was investigating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon hearing that AWI has told the USFWS it will shut down all its turbines, Bell, the golden eagle researcher, says he is \"relieved.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the right thing to do,” says Bell.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The wind energy company that received a controversial extension in March to continue operating hundreds of old wind turbines in the Altamont Pass is now planning to shut them down, according to an email KQED has obtained. The company might also be replacing them with fewer new turbines, a move that would make its operation safer for birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altamont Winds, Inc. (AWI), one of the largest operators in the East Bay’s Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area, told the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) in an Oct. 23 email that it is permanently shutting down all its turbines there by Sunday. The company operates 828 turbines in the Altamont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91965\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Lynes, director of public policy at Audubon California. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91965\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Michael_Lynes_Audubon_073115_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Lynes, director of public policy at Audubon California. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sudden move is important, environmentalists say, because hundreds of birds die at the Altamont each year after getting hit by wind turbine blades, colliding with windmills, or becoming trapped inside them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good outcome for birds in the Altamont,” says Michael Lynes, director of public policy for Audubon California, in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other wind companies that own turbines in the Altamont, NextEra and EDF Renewable Energy, are replacing hundreds of old turbines with fewer, more powerful and more carefully sited turbines, a measure referred to as “repowering” that biologists say can reduce bird deaths. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91966\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"EDF Renewable Energy, a wind energy company based in San Diego, plans to replace about 300 turbines at its Patterson Pass wind farm, in the Altamont, with 10 to 12 new turbines. Together, the new turbines will produce twice as much electricity as the old ones did. Biologists have found that replacing a group of old turbines with carefully sited new turbines can reduce bird mortality at wind farms. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91966\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Patterson_Pass_turbines_01_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">EDF Renewable Energy, a wind energy company based in San Diego, plans to replace about 300 turbines at its Patterson Pass wind farm, in the Altamont, with 10 to 12 new turbines. Together, the new turbines will produce twice as much electricity as the old ones did. Biologists have found that replacing a group of old turbines with carefully sited new turbines can reduce bird mortality at wind farms. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By keeping turbines out of low-lying areas of the Altamont, for example, companies could help golden eagles, says biologist Joe DiDonato, who is part of a team that has been monitoring 18 of these birds through radio transmitters. Golden eagles can hit a turbine as they fly low in the terrain in search of prey. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re using that hill as a camouflage to slip around the corner and maybe grab an unsuspecting squirrel,” said DiDonato on a recent visit to the Altamont Pass area, as he pointed to a golden eagle flying nearby. “If they’re coming around the low end of a ridge and the wind picks them up, it could push them towards a wind turbine blade as well.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91963\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Biologist Joe DiDonato looked for golden eagles at the Buena Vista wind farm, in the Altamont Pass, in July. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91963\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Joe_DiDonato_at_Buena_Vista_072815_02_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologist Joe DiDonato looked for golden eagles at the Buena Vista wind farm, in the Altamont Pass, in July. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concern About Birds Said to Prompt Closure \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AWI’s permit from Alameda County had required the company to remove its turbines this year, in order to reduce bird deaths. But the company instead applied for a three-year extension to the county, which oversees operation of most of the 78-square-mile Altamont Pass Wind Resource Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to Alameda County, Jill Birchell, special agent in charge of the USFWS’ Office of Law Enforcement for California and Nevada wrote that turbines “owned and operated” by AWI in the Altamont had been associated with the death or injury of 67 golden eagles between 2004 and 2014. She recommended that the county deny AWI’s request to extend its operation permit for its turbines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on March 24, the county’s board of supervisors gave AWI a controversial extension that allowed the Tracy wind company to continue operating its old-generation turbines until 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abruptly last week, on Oct. 23, AWI vice president Bill Damon sent an email to the USFWS in Sacramento informing the agency of its decision to close down all its Altamont turbines by Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reduction of avian impacts was a primary factor that influenced our decision to discontinue operating our Altamont wind farms,” Damon wrote in his email. KQED has obtained a copy of the email, but neither Damon nor AWI president Rick Koebbe returned calls and emails seeking confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Black Eye’ for Wind Energy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91967\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Golden eagles fly by a wind turbine in the Altamont Pass. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91967\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-1440x811.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Smallwood_golden_eagles_turbine_resized-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden eagles fly by a wind turbine in the Altamont Pass. \u003ccite>(Shawn Smallwood)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the early 1980s, wind companies installed 7,000 turbines in the Altamont Pass. Shortly after the wind farms opened, scientists discovered the turbines were killing hundreds of birds of prey each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Altamont was sort of seen as a black eye for renewable energy,” says the Audubon’s Lynes, “because anytime someone was proposing a new wind farm, it would raise the specter of the Altamont Pass.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2005, several local chapters of the Audubon Society, as well as other environmental groups, sued to force wind companies to protect birds in the Altamont. The settlement reached in 2007 required Alameda County and wind companies to cut bird mortality in half by 2009. To that end, companies agreed to remove turbines that biologists deemed to be most dangerous to birds. They also began to shut down their turbines during the winter months, when electricity demand is lowest and bird activity highest. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91968\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Workers pulled down this wind turbine at the Tres Vaqueros wind farm in the Altamont Pass in July. All throughout the Altamont, companies are tearing down old turbines. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91968\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-1440x811.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Turbine_decommissioned_Tres_Vaqueros_072815_02_resized4-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pulled down this wind turbine at the Tres Vaqueros wind farm in the Altamont Pass in July. All throughout the Altamont, companies are tearing down old turbines. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Altamont Pass has only about 3,000 turbines now. But statistics compiled by the county in 2014 show bird mortality has decreased by only 25 to 40 percent, depending on the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AWI, which is based in Tracy, has applied for a permit from Alameda County to replace 511 of its turbines with 33 new turbines, says Sandra Rivera, of the Alameda County Planning Department. Rivera says the East County Board of Zoning Adjustments is scheduled to hear AWI’s request for this repowering permit on Nov. 19. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new 33 turbines would together produce as much energy as the 511 old turbines, a total of 54 MW. This is equivalent to one sixth of the Altamont’s total current capacity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rivera calls the news that AWI plans to shut down all its turbines and seek a permit to replace most of them “a big deal.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They (AWI) will be in sync with the rest of the repowering,” Rivera says. “And the old-gen turbines, which are known to cause more fatalities, will be removed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county requires companies to remove any turbines they shut down within a year of doing so, says Rivera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91961\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District, visits Buena Vista wind farm in July. In 2007 Buena Vista was one of the first wind farms in the Altamont Pass where old turbines were replaced with new ones. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91961\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Doug_Bell_EBRPD_at_Buena_Vista_072815_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District, visits Buena Vista wind farm in July. In 2007 Buena Vista was one of the first wind farms in the Altamont Pass where old turbines were replaced with new ones. \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Only as we do the careful repowering can we hope to reduce the overall kill rates of golden eagles,” says Doug Bell, wildlife program manager at the East Bay Regional Park District. “Not only should energy production be sustainable in terms of carbon off-sets; it should also be sustainable in terms of the wildlife and the local impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Golden Eagles Better Protected\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden eagles are of particular concern in the Altamont Pass, which is part of the densest nesting area for these raptors in the world, Bell says. According to Alameda County estimates, wind turbines at Altamont killed some 35 golden eagles in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Altamont is killing more eagles than the local population can reproduce,” says Bell, who does research on golden eagles. “It’s taking out more youngsters than they can produce and replace themselves with. Their population is going down the drain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Golden eagles are protected by federal law and it’s illegal to kill a single eagle. Wind energy has tripled in the country in the past seven years and the federal government has stepped up enforcement of the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_91962\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Krysta Rogers, of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in Sacramento holds up the wing of a dead golden eagle. The eagle was found injured on July 25 on a wind farm in the Altamont Pass operated by AWI and had to be euthanized, according to an East Bay Regional Park District report. Rogers said the amputation to the bird’s left wing was “consistent with a wind turbine strike.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-91962\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/11/Golden_eagle_necropsy_CU_resized-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Krysta Rogers, of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in Sacramento holds up the wing of a dead golden eagle. The eagle was found injured on July 25 on a wind farm in the Altamont Pass operated by AWI and had to be euthanized, according to an East Bay Regional Park District report. Rogers said the amputation to the bird’s left wing was “consistent with a wind turbine strike.” \u003ccite>(Gabriela Quirós/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Department of Justice, with help from the USFWS, has prosecuted two wind energy companies—Duke Energy Renewables and PacifiCorp Energy—for the killing of golden eagles and other birds on their wind farms in Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014 the USFWS awarded its first so-called eagle “take” permit. These permits allow wind energy companies to kill a small number of golden eagles each year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prosecution of those two companies certainly sent a message to companies across the country that the Service will, and can, prosecute companies for violation of the Bald and Golden Eagle Act,” says U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) spokesperson Scott Flaherty. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USFWS has 16 open investigations on wind energy companies around the country, Flaherty says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has opened a criminal investigation of one company doing business in the Altamont concerning its turbines’ “take” of golden eagles, Birchell said in an email in July. Birchell wouldn’t say which company the agency was investigating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon hearing that AWI has told the USFWS it will shut down all its turbines, Bell, the golden eagle researcher, says he is \"relieved.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "We Need to Talk About Your Face. It's Got Mites.",
"headTitle": "We Need to Talk About Your Face. It’s Got Mites. | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/10/FaceMites.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We need to talk about something. You might want to sit down. Microscopic animals have colonized your face. No, really. Inside your pores, right in there among the dirt and oil, face mites have set up shop and they’re not going anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you shudder in horror and reach for facial scrub, pause to consider these remarkable creatures. We’ve all got them, and in all likelihood they have been our species’ steadfast companions since time immemorial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve probably had them forever, even since before we were human,” says Michelle Trautwein, a curator at the California Academy of Sciences who studies the evolutionary history of these tiny arachnids. (Yep, they’re related to spiders, but don’t hold that against them.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-321454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg\" alt=\"Graduate student Misha Leong preps a citizen scientist who's volunteering his face mites for the study.\" width=\"3300\" height=\"2200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg 3300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3300px) 100vw, 3300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graduate student Misha Leong preps a citizen scientist who’s volunteering his face mites for the study. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Whitney/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recently, at one of the CalAcademy’s after-hours parties, Trautwein recruited participants for her latest study. One of her more intriguing recent findings has been that face mite evolution is intimately linked to human evolution — our family trees seem to mirror each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All humans originated in Africa,” she says, “and because of that Africa hosts most human genetic diversity, and it turns out they also host the most mite diversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein has also found evidence for more diverse lineages of mites among East Asian and Latin populations. So when Rafael Vega, visiting from Mexico City, walks by her table at the CalAcademy, she and graduate student Misha Leong are eager to sample his mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘What’s crazy is that we actually have mites all over our body. We have mites that live in our ears, that live on our eyebrows, versus our eyelashes, versus our genitals, versus our nipples.’\u003ccite>Michelle Trautwein\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Academy of Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Leong applies mineral oil around the base of his nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s right in these crevices where we’ve found a lot of the face mites seem to congregate,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hands Vega a thin metal scraper and demonstrates the downward sweeping motions he can use to scrape his skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because we’re trying to get as much oil and dead skin cells as possible,” Leong says, “so that we can hopefully extract some face mite DNA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first time Vega has ever heard about his face mites, but he’s taking the news in stride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to know they’re there,” he says. “They’re treating me well, as far as I know. I hope they’re behaving all right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They probably are. Occasionally face mites are linked with skin ailments like rosacea (and in animals, mites are thought to cause mange) but generally the tiny, 8-legged creatures are harmless. (Although \u003cem>Demodex folliculorum\u003c/em> sure has an “Ewww!” factor in this video by Daniel Fergus, of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and North Carolina State University.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/PDf4CfXaQjc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since it’s difficult to collect the mites and spot them under a microscope, scientists used to think that only 10 to 25 percent of people had them. But by detecting face mites through their DNA, Trautwein’s research has shown all humans host the creatures, likely inherited from our family members shortly after we are born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mites also seem to travel with us through generations. One thing Trautwein is trying to figure out is why African Americans who have been gone from Africa for decades can still host African face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want a much broader sample so I can really start to tease out what that’s about,” she says. “How much African ancestry do you have to be able to host an African mite?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also curious about how many kinds of mites we really host. At the moment it’s clear at least two species live on our faces. Examined through a microscope, they appear morphologically different. But it’s possible, she thinks, that further research will reveal many more kinds of mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321455\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 458px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-321455\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"After volunteers scrape their faces, researcher Michelle Trautwein uses a swab stick to transfer the oil and dead skin cells to a sterile container.\" width=\"458\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After volunteers scrape their faces, researcher Michelle Trautwein uses a swab stick to transfer the oil and dead skin cells to a sterile container. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Whitney/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What’s crazy is that we actually have mites all over our body,” she says. “We have mites that live in our ears, that live on our face, that live on our eyebrows, versus our eyelashes, versus our genitals, versus our nipples.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, they are all over the place, and she wouldn’t be surprised if there are many different species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein hopes she will get to investigate these questions, but securing funding to scrape face mite exoskeletons from people hasn’t always been easy. Some of the National Science Foundation reviews of her grant applications have been unenthusiastic, she says, suggesting that she’s going to make people paranoid and neurotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trautwein says that’s not the reaction she gets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’ve found is that people think they’re gross,” she says, “but they still love it and they want to find out and they want to get sampled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein hopes to publish her newest research on the diversity of human face mites sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We need to talk about something. You might want to sit down. Microscopic animals have colonized your face. No, really. Inside your pores, right in there among the dirt and oil, face mites have set up shop and they’re not going anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you shudder in horror and reach for facial scrub, pause to consider these remarkable creatures. We’ve all got them, and in all likelihood they have been our species’ steadfast companions since time immemorial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve probably had them forever, even since before we were human,” says Michelle Trautwein, a curator at the California Academy of Sciences who studies the evolutionary history of these tiny arachnids. (Yep, they’re related to spiders, but don’t hold that against them.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321454\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 3300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-321454\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg\" alt=\"Graduate student Misha Leong preps a citizen scientist who's volunteering his face mites for the study.\" width=\"3300\" height=\"2200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246.jpg 3300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1246-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3300px) 100vw, 3300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graduate student Misha Leong preps a citizen scientist who’s volunteering his face mites for the study. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Whitney/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Recently, at one of the CalAcademy’s after-hours parties, Trautwein recruited participants for her latest study. One of her more intriguing recent findings has been that face mite evolution is intimately linked to human evolution — our family trees seem to mirror each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All humans originated in Africa,” she says, “and because of that Africa hosts most human genetic diversity, and it turns out they also host the most mite diversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein has also found evidence for more diverse lineages of mites among East Asian and Latin populations. So when Rafael Vega, visiting from Mexico City, walks by her table at the CalAcademy, she and graduate student Misha Leong are eager to sample his mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘What’s crazy is that we actually have mites all over our body. We have mites that live in our ears, that live on our eyebrows, versus our eyelashes, versus our genitals, versus our nipples.’\u003ccite>Michelle Trautwein\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Academy of Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Leong applies mineral oil around the base of his nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s right in these crevices where we’ve found a lot of the face mites seem to congregate,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hands Vega a thin metal scraper and demonstrates the downward sweeping motions he can use to scrape his skin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because we’re trying to get as much oil and dead skin cells as possible,” Leong says, “so that we can hopefully extract some face mite DNA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first time Vega has ever heard about his face mites, but he’s taking the news in stride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nice to know they’re there,” he says. “They’re treating me well, as far as I know. I hope they’re behaving all right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They probably are. Occasionally face mites are linked with skin ailments like rosacea (and in animals, mites are thought to cause mange) but generally the tiny, 8-legged creatures are harmless. (Although \u003cem>Demodex folliculorum\u003c/em> sure has an “Ewww!” factor in this video by Daniel Fergus, of the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences and North Carolina State University.)\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/PDf4CfXaQjc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/PDf4CfXaQjc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Since it’s difficult to collect the mites and spot them under a microscope, scientists used to think that only 10 to 25 percent of people had them. But by detecting face mites through their DNA, Trautwein’s research has shown all humans host the creatures, likely inherited from our family members shortly after we are born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mites also seem to travel with us through generations. One thing Trautwein is trying to figure out is why African Americans who have been gone from Africa for decades can still host African face mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want a much broader sample so I can really start to tease out what that’s about,” she says. “How much African ancestry do you have to be able to host an African mite?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s also curious about how many kinds of mites we really host. At the moment it’s clear at least two species live on our faces. Examined through a microscope, they appear morphologically different. But it’s possible, she thinks, that further research will reveal many more kinds of mites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321455\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 458px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-321455\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"After volunteers scrape their faces, researcher Michelle Trautwein uses a swab stick to transfer the oil and dead skin cells to a sterile container.\" width=\"458\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Face_Mites_101515-1352-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 458px) 100vw, 458px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">After volunteers scrape their faces, researcher Michelle Trautwein uses a swab stick to transfer the oil and dead skin cells to a sterile container. \u003ccite>(Kathryn Whitney/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What’s crazy is that we actually have mites all over our body,” she says. “We have mites that live in our ears, that live on our face, that live on our eyebrows, versus our eyelashes, versus our genitals, versus our nipples.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, they are all over the place, and she wouldn’t be surprised if there are many different species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein hopes she will get to investigate these questions, but securing funding to scrape face mite exoskeletons from people hasn’t always been easy. Some of the National Science Foundation reviews of her grant applications have been unenthusiastic, she says, suggesting that she’s going to make people paranoid and neurotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trautwein says that’s not the reaction she gets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’ve found is that people think they’re gross,” she says, “but they still love it and they want to find out and they want to get sampled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trautwein hopes to publish her newest research on the diversity of human face mites sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Crab Fishermen Trained as 'First Responders' for Entangled Whales",
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"content": "\u003cp>Crab season means more Dungeness crab on Bay Area menus, but it could also mean more injured whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cetaceans get entangled in crab trap lines, which is why the federal government is teaching crabbers to become first responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoff Bettencourt is a fourth-generation fisherman. From his boat, The Moriah Lee, he points to an area in Half Moon Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whales have been so thick in here. Like close, where they’ve never ever been,” says Bettencourt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229643910″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that can pose a problem. Crab traps sit on the ocean floor, attached to a buoy on the surface with a long rope. And that rope can get caught on a whale’s fin or tail, or in its mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, there are already more than twice as many whale entanglements reported as five years ago. And local fishermen are eager to help out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a yacht club in Half Moon Bay, nearly 100 fishermen gather in person and by video conference to hear a presentation from Justin Viezbicke, with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_319919\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-319919\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-800x618.jpg\" alt=\"In 2010, there were 16 whale entanglement reports in California. This year there have been more than 40.\" width=\"800\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-400x309.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-1440x1112.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-1180x911.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-960x741.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement.jpg 1712w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2010, there were 16 whale entanglement reports in California. This year there have been more than 40. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You guys are out there all the time,” Viezbicke says to a group of about 20 Half Moon Bay fishermen who attended in person. “So, who better to help us with these situations and give us more information than the guys that are out there on the water all the time seeing these things?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s illegal to disentangle a whale without federal authorization. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Viezbicke is asking crabbers to collect data like the location of the whale, the nature of its distress and how fast the animal is moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Dempsey is with the Nature Conservancy, which sponsored Tuesday’s session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look at this training much like a community CPR course,” says Dempsey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321530\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of crab pots sit in Half Moon Bay, which Geoff Bettencourt will deploy when the season starts November 14. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-321530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of crab pots sit in Half Moon Bay, which Geoff Bettencourt will deploy when the season starts November 14.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dempsey explained that a network of fishermen, who know how to document sightings, is as important as the state’s three certified rescuers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what this training is about,” says Dempsey. “Building that community network of people who can initiate a more advanced entanglement response when they do see that rare entanglement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the crabbers will be out there, starting Nov. 14.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Crab season means more Dungeness crab on Bay Area menus, but it could also mean more injured whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cetaceans get entangled in crab trap lines, which is why the federal government is teaching crabbers to become first responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geoff Bettencourt is a fourth-generation fisherman. From his boat, The Moriah Lee, he points to an area in Half Moon Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whales have been so thick in here. Like close, where they’ve never ever been,” says Bettencourt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229643910″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229643910″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that can pose a problem. Crab traps sit on the ocean floor, attached to a buoy on the surface with a long rope. And that rope can get caught on a whale’s fin or tail, or in its mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, there are already more than twice as many whale entanglements reported as five years ago. And local fishermen are eager to help out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a yacht club in Half Moon Bay, nearly 100 fishermen gather in person and by video conference to hear a presentation from Justin Viezbicke, with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_319919\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-319919\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-800x618.jpg\" alt=\"In 2010, there were 16 whale entanglement reports in California. This year there have been more than 40.\" width=\"800\" height=\"618\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-800x618.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-400x309.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-1440x1112.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-1180x911.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement-960x741.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/Whale-entanglement.jpg 1712w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2010, there were 16 whale entanglement reports in California. This year there have been more than 40. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You guys are out there all the time,” Viezbicke says to a group of about 20 Half Moon Bay fishermen who attended in person. “So, who better to help us with these situations and give us more information than the guys that are out there on the water all the time seeing these things?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s illegal to disentangle a whale without federal authorization. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Viezbicke is asking crabbers to collect data like the location of the whale, the nature of its distress and how fast the animal is moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Dempsey is with the Nature Conservancy, which sponsored Tuesday’s session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I look at this training much like a community CPR course,” says Dempsey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_321530\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hundreds of crab pots sit in Half Moon Bay, which Geoff Bettencourt will deploy when the season starts November 14. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-321530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/10/crab-pots.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of crab pots sit in Half Moon Bay, which Geoff Bettencourt will deploy when the season starts November 14.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dempsey explained that a network of fishermen, who know how to document sightings, is as important as the state’s three certified rescuers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s what this training is about,” says Dempsey. “Building that community network of people who can initiate a more advanced entanglement response when they do see that rare entanglement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the crabbers will be out there, starting Nov. 14.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"375\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/APLz2bTprMA\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s better than parachuting beavers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video of parachuting beavers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://boisestatepublicradio.org/post/remember-parachuting-beavers-story-now-theres-video\">Boise State Public Radio\u003c/a>, KBSU, has the story (and if you’re impatient, the parachuting beaver footage begins about 8 minutes into the video above):\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>“For years, there have been whispers at Idaho Fish and Game of a film, made around 1950, that showed how the Department relocated fur-bearing animals, like beavers, around the state. It supposedly included footage of the infamous airplane beaver drops. There is even a brief Idaho Statesman article from 1950 that says Fish and Game had received permission to make two color films for $700.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the film was missing. Until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of Sharon Clark’s jobs at Fish and Game is Department Historian. She pursued the rumors, along with help from the Idaho Historical Society. After years of searching, the film “\u003ca href=\"https://fishandgame.idaho.gov/content/article/parachuting-beaver-video-found-1950s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fur for the Future\u003c/a>” was found, mislabeled and in the wrong box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clark says the film was in a fragile state and the Society got some experts to convert it to a digital format. Fish and Game and the Historical Society are pleased to show it off today. (The parachuting beavers show up around seven minutes into the video.)”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The rediscovered film is a classic, complete with deep-voiced narration, soaring background music and grainy footage. But what necessitated the parachuting beaver in the first place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An earlier \u003ca href=\"http://boisestatepublicradio.org/post/parachuting-beavers-idahos-wilderness-yes-it-really-happened\">report from KBSU\u003c/a> explains:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>“It was just after World War II and people had discovered what a beautiful place McCall and Payette Lake were. Idaho Fish and Game’s Steve Liebenthal says people started building homes. ‘And in the process, kind of moved into where these beavers had been doing their things for decades, centuries, and beavers became a problem,’ Liebenthal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Enter Elmo Heter. Heter worked for Idaho Fish and Game in the McCall area. He had experience with beavers, and it was his job to find a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Heter knew that the Chamberlain Basin was the perfect place for the beavers. The animals would be away from people, and their natural activity would be beneficial to the habitat there. ‘The trouble is the Chamberlain Basin is in what is now the Frank Church River of No Return Wilderness Area and there really aren’t and weren’t any roads,’ Liebenthal explains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While beavers are still regularly trapped in Idaho, they haven’t been relocated via parachute for more than 50 years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+Long-Lost+Parachuting+Beaver+Footage+From+1950&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Circa 1950, Idaho Fish and Game tried a new way to handle beaver overpopulation: Relocate some by dropping them from planes. A film was made to document the practice, but it was lost — until now.",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
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