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After picking up a degree from Columbia University and four more from MIT, Massimino was accepted to the astronaut corps in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianchannel.com/videos/interview-with-the-expert-maria-banks/16590\">Maria Banks\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral fellow at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum, is planning to apply to the astronaut corps this year. In college, she studied harp performance, and when she graduated she found a job playing on a cruise ship that traveled all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would take soil samples and rock samples and hide them in my suitcase,” Banks says. “I don’t know why; I just had to do it. Every day I would try to find the most geologically interesting thing I could do — climb a volcano, or hike a desert, hike on glaciers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sent her back to school, where she started a Ph.D. program in geology and planetary science. Among other things, she studied the fingerprints of glaciers on Mars, using data and images from NASA missions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three people — a pilot, an engineer, a planetary geologist — came from different backgrounds and different eras, but they all felt the same way about applying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was convinced that I did not stand any chance,” Bolden says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought there was no way they were going to pick me,” Massimino says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess I didn’t believe it was … an attainable goal,” Banks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they still applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the technological side of the application has changed a bit over the years (Bolden wrote his application on a sheet of paper; Banks will visit the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/423817000\">USAjobs website\u003c/a>), the selection process has remained virtually identical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current astronauts and NASA officials sift through the applications — eliminating the obviously unqualified and making piles, based on profession. Physicists are compared with other physicists. Pilots with other pilots. The cream of the crop (100 or so) will be invited to Houston for live interviews and medical screening. Then a small number will be selected to begin about two years of intense astronaut training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re not tops at what you’re doing now,” Bolden says, “you’re not going to be selected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolden was tops. He went on to pilot two shuttle missions and commanded two more. He helped put the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. In 2009, President Obama appointed him the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/bolden_bio.html\">head of NASA.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Massimino a few more tries to get accepted. He first applied in 1989, then again in 1991 and was rejected. In 1994, he made it to the interview round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My attitude was just to be myself,” Massimino says. “When you’re trying to realize a life’s dream, you want to speak from the heart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was rejected again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, in 1996, NASA selected him. He flew on two shuttle missions and helped repair the Hubble. He became the first person to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Astro_Mike\">tweet from space\u003c/a>. Today he’s a \u003ca href=\"http://me.columbia.edu/mike-massimino\">professor at Columbia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This round will be Banks’ third attempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>” ‘Just keep trying,’ ” she says. “Those are the words I kept hearing from all of the astronauts I talked with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Banks is accepted, there is some question about what she’ll do. The shuttle program that began with Bolden ended with Massimino in 2011. Since then, NASA has been accused of lacking clear goals. But Bolden says future astronauts have a lot to look forward to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are going to be the trailblazers for our ventures to Mars,” Bolden says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says they’ll fly in new spacecraft and return to lunar orbit for the first time since 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It all sounds fantastic to me,” Banks says. “I would be happy doing just about anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s preparing her application. The deadline: Feb. 18, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA+Is+Seeking+Astronauts.+Do+You+Have+The+Right+Stuff%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Monday, NASA started accepting applications for its new class of astronauts. Applying is simple: Just log in to \u003ca href=\"https://www.usajobs.gov/\">USAjobs.gov\u003c/a>, search for “astronaut,” and upload your resume and references. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/423817000\">job description\u003c/a> says “Frequent travel may be required.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a bit more difficult to be picked. In 2013, more than 6,000 people applied to the program. Only eight were selected. That’s an acceptance rate of a little more than one-tenth of 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>To be an astronaut, you need a degree in a scientific field, vision correctable to 20/20, and you’ve got to stand between 4 feet, 8.5 inches tall and 6 foot 4. (History suggests it also helps to be white and a man, but NASA says it’s trying hard to \u003ca href=\"http://odeo.hq.nasa.gov/\">remedy that\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are many possible paths to space. For former astronaut Charlie Bolden, that journey started in middle school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I fell in love with a place called the United States Naval Academy in seventh grade when I saw a program on television called \u003cem>Men of Annapolis,\u003c/em>” Bolden says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men portrayed in the program reminded him of his father and uncles, who had served in WWII. He resolved to attend the academy once he graduated from high school. But there was a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in the segregated South,” Bolden says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Carolina congressional delegation refused to give Bolden the required nomination to the school. An Illinois congressman, instead, opened the way to the Naval Academy, and Bolden began his military career. He flew in Vietnam, became a test pilot, and was selected to become an astronaut in 1980. It was the beginning of the space shuttle era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Mike Massimino, another former astronaut, it all started with Apollo 11 in the summer of 1969.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was 6 years old when Neil Armstrong walked on the moon,” Massimino says. “And I wanted to be an astronaut — dressed up like an astronaut for Halloween, played astronaut in my backyard with my little astronaut, Snoopy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as he grew up, in Franklin Square, N.Y., that dream started to seem “ridiculous,” Massimino says. “I didn’t know anybody that was an astronaut.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he went to school to become an engineer. After picking up a degree from Columbia University and four more from MIT, Massimino was accepted to the astronaut corps in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianchannel.com/videos/interview-with-the-expert-maria-banks/16590\">Maria Banks\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral fellow at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum, is planning to apply to the astronaut corps this year. In college, she studied harp performance, and when she graduated she found a job playing on a cruise ship that traveled all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would take soil samples and rock samples and hide them in my suitcase,” Banks says. “I don’t know why; I just had to do it. Every day I would try to find the most geologically interesting thing I could do — climb a volcano, or hike a desert, hike on glaciers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sent her back to school, where she started a Ph.D. program in geology and planetary science. Among other things, she studied the fingerprints of glaciers on Mars, using data and images from NASA missions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These three people — a pilot, an engineer, a planetary geologist — came from different backgrounds and different eras, but they all felt the same way about applying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was convinced that I did not stand any chance,” Bolden says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought there was no way they were going to pick me,” Massimino says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess I didn’t believe it was … an attainable goal,” Banks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they still applied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the technological side of the application has changed a bit over the years (Bolden wrote his application on a sheet of paper; Banks will visit the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/423817000\">USAjobs website\u003c/a>), the selection process has remained virtually identical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current astronauts and NASA officials sift through the applications — eliminating the obviously unqualified and making piles, based on profession. Physicists are compared with other physicists. Pilots with other pilots. The cream of the crop (100 or so) will be invited to Houston for live interviews and medical screening. Then a small number will be selected to begin about two years of intense astronaut training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re not tops at what you’re doing now,” Bolden says, “you’re not going to be selected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolden was tops. He went on to pilot two shuttle missions and commanded two more. He helped put the Hubble Space Telescope into orbit. In 2009, President Obama appointed him the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/bolden_bio.html\">head of NASA.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Massimino a few more tries to get accepted. He first applied in 1989, then again in 1991 and was rejected. In 1994, he made it to the interview round.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My attitude was just to be myself,” Massimino says. “When you’re trying to realize a life’s dream, you want to speak from the heart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was rejected again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, in 1996, NASA selected him. He flew on two shuttle missions and helped repair the Hubble. He became the first person to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Astro_Mike\">tweet from space\u003c/a>. Today he’s a \u003ca href=\"http://me.columbia.edu/mike-massimino\">professor at Columbia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This round will be Banks’ third attempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>” ‘Just keep trying,’ ” she says. “Those are the words I kept hearing from all of the astronauts I talked with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Banks is accepted, there is some question about what she’ll do. The shuttle program that began with Bolden ended with Massimino in 2011. Since then, NASA has been accused of lacking clear goals. But Bolden says future astronauts have a lot to look forward to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are going to be the trailblazers for our ventures to Mars,” Bolden says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says they’ll fly in new spacecraft and return to lunar orbit for the first time since 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It all sounds fantastic to me,” Banks says. “I would be happy doing just about anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s preparing her application. The deadline: Feb. 18, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA+Is+Seeking+Astronauts.+Do+You+Have+The+Right+Stuff%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last month was the globe’s warmest November on record, the seventh consecutive month to reach a new high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A climate update Thursday from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also noted a record-warm average temperature for January through November as a whole. NOAA scientist Jake Crouch said it’s “virtually certain” that 2015 will be the warmest year globally since record-keeping began in 1880.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also said it’s been the warmest autumn on record for the continental U.S., with an average temperature of 56.8 F (13.8 C) for September through November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201511\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-419265 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAA-climate-anomolies.gif\" alt=\"NOAA climate anomolies\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1302\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nCrouch said the warmth has come from climate change, a strong El Nino and some other short-term influences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is primarily caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases, or heat-trapping gases, in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are certain molecules in the air that have the ability to trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), occur naturally and play an important role in Earth’s climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some human activities, such as mining and burning fossil fuels (like coal, oil and natural gas) for energy and transportation, emit molecules of CO2 and other greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-419271\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases.png\" alt=\"Greenhouse_gases\" width=\"1198\" height=\"868\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases.png 1198w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases-400x290.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases-800x580.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases-768x556.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases-1180x855.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases-960x696.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1198px) 100vw, 1198px\">\u003cbr>\nThese activities cause greenhouse gases to accumulate in the air, and as these molecules build up in the atmosphere they cause an overall warming of the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the forecast calls for an easing of drought in California and Nevada through March.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last month was the globe’s warmest November on record, the seventh consecutive month to reach a new high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A climate update Thursday from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also noted a record-warm average temperature for January through November as a whole. NOAA scientist Jake Crouch said it’s “virtually certain” that 2015 will be the warmest year globally since record-keeping began in 1880.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also said it’s been the warmest autumn on record for the continental U.S., with an average temperature of 56.8 F (13.8 C) for September through November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201511\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-419265 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/NOAA-climate-anomolies.gif\" alt=\"NOAA climate anomolies\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1302\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nCrouch said the warmth has come from climate change, a strong El Nino and some other short-term influences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change is primarily caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gases, or heat-trapping gases, in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are certain molecules in the air that have the ability to trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), occur naturally and play an important role in Earth’s climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some human activities, such as mining and burning fossil fuels (like coal, oil and natural gas) for energy and transportation, emit molecules of CO2 and other greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-419271\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases.png\" alt=\"Greenhouse_gases\" width=\"1198\" height=\"868\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases.png 1198w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases-400x290.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases-800x580.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases-768x556.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases-1180x855.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Greenhouse_gases-960x696.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1198px) 100vw, 1198px\">\u003cbr>\nThese activities cause greenhouse gases to accumulate in the air, and as these molecules build up in the atmosphere they cause an overall warming of the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the forecast calls for an easing of drought in California and Nevada through March.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Nearly 50 drone racing pilots flocked to a sports field in the heart of Silicon Valley last month to compete in a day of races and drone to drone combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day was organized by \u003ca href=\"http://flyingbearfpv.com\">Ken Loo\u003c/a>, an avid drone racer and the president of the South Bay chapter of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aerialsports.tv\">Aerial Sports League\u003c/a>. “The Aerial Sports League is a group of hackers, makers and do-it-yourselfers that got together and wanted to promote the sport of drone racing, freestyle and drone combat,” said Loo, who by day works as a product design engineer for a tech company in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loo showed up at Baylands Park in Sunnyvale just before dawn to set up the racing course. Throughout the day, he juggled organizing duties while also finding time to compete in the freestyle event and the qualifying race heats which culminated in the championship race between the top five drone pilots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_404434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Drew_FinalRace_1000178_2-e1449712137289.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-404434\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Drew_FinalRace_1000178_2-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"Spectators look on as drone pilots race their drones around a course at Baylands Park in Sunnyvale.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spectators look on as drone pilots race their drones around a course at Baylands Park in Sunnyvale. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the drones used for racing are not the ones you’ll find for sale at Best Buy, Fry’s Electronics or Amazon. Racing drones are typically under a pound in weight, including the battery, and are built by hand for speed – not selfies – using parts such as carbon fiber frames, tiny motors, propellers, flight controllers and other components that are purchased online or at hobby shops. In 2014, Loo started racing drones that he built by hand, a process which now takes him three to four hours to make a drone that can rocket through the air at 80 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_404440\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Drone_CU_1000181-e1449712717429.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-404440\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Drone_CU_1000181-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"The drones used for racing are small, typically under a pound, and built using parts such as motors, a small camera and a flight controller. \" width=\"800\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The drones used for racing are small, typically under a pound, and built using parts such as motors, a small camera and a flight controller. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What I really love about flying drones is the feeling of flying,” Loo said. “I feel like I’m in the cockpit of an aircraft.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drone racing pilots wear First Person View goggles equipped with an antenna that picks up an analog video feed from a camera mounted on the drone to deliver the real-time sensation of flying furiously past objects, somersaulting in the sky or taking a plunge from 100 feet in the air onto a grassy field below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_404525\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Ken_goggles_1000196-e1449715024980.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-404525\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Ken_goggles_1000196-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"Ken Loo, a drone racing pilot, wears First Person View goggles which allow the pilot to see an analog video feed from the drone in flight.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ken Loo, a drone racing pilot, wears First Person View goggles which allow the pilot to see an analog video feed from the drone in flight. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loo considers drone racing to be a sport, not just a hobby, and he practices several days a week during his lunch hour with five or six friends who set up flags, tunnels, gates and other obstacles they steer their drones around, including the occasional soccer player who runs onto their race track to collect a stray ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The engineer turned drone advocate concedes that the geeky nature of the sport attracts mostly young males with tech or engineering backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_404532\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Ken_Drone_1000205_2-e1449718415613.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-404532\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Ken_Drone_1000205_2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Ken Loo shows off his drone at a drone racing competition he organized and competed in at a park in Sunnyvale. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ken Loo shows off his drone at a drone racing competition he organized and competed in at a park in Sunnyvale. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the people that are doing this and building their own drones and tinkering are (from) the engineering community, which is also heavily male-dominated,” Loo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://hexinair.com\">Zoe Stumbaugh\u003c/a>, a Santa Cruz resident, is one of the few female drone racing pilots who competes nationally. Using a drone with inverted thrusts that allowed her to fly upside down while doing tricks in the air, she was one of the pilots who competed in the freestyle portion of the Aerial Sports League tournament in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drone racing is definitely a male-dominated sport,” she said. “I’m hoping that by being in the forefront and kind of leading the way, others will follow and we can have a lot more fun and more females in the sport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_408229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-408229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Drone_Pilot_2_1000172-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"A drone racing pilot adjusts his drone before the start of a race. \" width=\"800\" height=\"449\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A drone racing pilot adjusts his drone before the start of a race. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the course, the drone combat cage whirred with activity, as Marque Cornblatt, the CEO and Co-Founder of the Aerial Sports League, locked propellers with opponents until one or both of the drones fell to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornblatt is confident that drone racing will continue to attract new fans and more diverse participants, and he thinks that today’s drone pilots could be tomorrow’s newest million-dollar sports stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole thing has only existed for about a year and a half in the public consciousness, and there’s already so much enthusiasm for it,” Cornblatt said. “Five or ten years from now, there’s no reason not to assume that we’ll be as big as the NFL, as big as NASCAR.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly 50 drone racing pilots flocked to a sports field in the heart of Silicon Valley last month to compete in a day of races and drone to drone combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day was organized by \u003ca href=\"http://flyingbearfpv.com\">Ken Loo\u003c/a>, an avid drone racer and the president of the South Bay chapter of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.aerialsports.tv\">Aerial Sports League\u003c/a>. “The Aerial Sports League is a group of hackers, makers and do-it-yourselfers that got together and wanted to promote the sport of drone racing, freestyle and drone combat,” said Loo, who by day works as a product design engineer for a tech company in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loo showed up at Baylands Park in Sunnyvale just before dawn to set up the racing course. Throughout the day, he juggled organizing duties while also finding time to compete in the freestyle event and the qualifying race heats which culminated in the championship race between the top five drone pilots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_404434\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Drew_FinalRace_1000178_2-e1449712137289.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-404434\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Drew_FinalRace_1000178_2-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"Spectators look on as drone pilots race their drones around a course at Baylands Park in Sunnyvale.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spectators look on as drone pilots race their drones around a course at Baylands Park in Sunnyvale. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the drones used for racing are not the ones you’ll find for sale at Best Buy, Fry’s Electronics or Amazon. Racing drones are typically under a pound in weight, including the battery, and are built by hand for speed – not selfies – using parts such as carbon fiber frames, tiny motors, propellers, flight controllers and other components that are purchased online or at hobby shops. In 2014, Loo started racing drones that he built by hand, a process which now takes him three to four hours to make a drone that can rocket through the air at 80 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_404440\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Drone_CU_1000181-e1449712717429.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-404440\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Drone_CU_1000181-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"The drones used for racing are small, typically under a pound, and built using parts such as motors, a small camera and a flight controller. \" width=\"800\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The drones used for racing are small, typically under a pound, and built using parts such as motors, a small camera and a flight controller. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What I really love about flying drones is the feeling of flying,” Loo said. “I feel like I’m in the cockpit of an aircraft.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drone racing pilots wear First Person View goggles equipped with an antenna that picks up an analog video feed from a camera mounted on the drone to deliver the real-time sensation of flying furiously past objects, somersaulting in the sky or taking a plunge from 100 feet in the air onto a grassy field below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_404525\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Ken_goggles_1000196-e1449715024980.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-404525\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Ken_goggles_1000196-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"Ken Loo, a drone racing pilot, wears First Person View goggles which allow the pilot to see an analog video feed from the drone in flight.\" width=\"800\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ken Loo, a drone racing pilot, wears First Person View goggles which allow the pilot to see an analog video feed from the drone in flight. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Loo considers drone racing to be a sport, not just a hobby, and he practices several days a week during his lunch hour with five or six friends who set up flags, tunnels, gates and other obstacles they steer their drones around, including the occasional soccer player who runs onto their race track to collect a stray ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The engineer turned drone advocate concedes that the geeky nature of the sport attracts mostly young males with tech or engineering backgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_404532\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Ken_Drone_1000205_2-e1449718415613.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-404532\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Ken_Drone_1000205_2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Ken Loo shows off his drone at a drone racing competition he organized and competed in at a park in Sunnyvale. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ken Loo shows off his drone at a drone racing competition he organized and competed in at a park in Sunnyvale. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the people that are doing this and building their own drones and tinkering are (from) the engineering community, which is also heavily male-dominated,” Loo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://hexinair.com\">Zoe Stumbaugh\u003c/a>, a Santa Cruz resident, is one of the few female drone racing pilots who competes nationally. Using a drone with inverted thrusts that allowed her to fly upside down while doing tricks in the air, she was one of the pilots who competed in the freestyle portion of the Aerial Sports League tournament in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drone racing is definitely a male-dominated sport,” she said. “I’m hoping that by being in the forefront and kind of leading the way, others will follow and we can have a lot more fun and more females in the sport.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_408229\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-408229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Drone_Pilot_2_1000172-800x449.jpg\" alt=\"A drone racing pilot adjusts his drone before the start of a race. \" width=\"800\" height=\"449\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A drone racing pilot adjusts his drone before the start of a race. \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq / KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the course, the drone combat cage whirred with activity, as Marque Cornblatt, the CEO and Co-Founder of the Aerial Sports League, locked propellers with opponents until one or both of the drones fell to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornblatt is confident that drone racing will continue to attract new fans and more diverse participants, and he thinks that today’s drone pilots could be tomorrow’s newest million-dollar sports stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole thing has only existed for about a year and a half in the public consciousness, and there’s already so much enthusiasm for it,” Cornblatt said. “Five or ten years from now, there’s no reason not to assume that we’ll be as big as the NFL, as big as NASCAR.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'Water Czar' Disputes Poor Grades for California's Drought Response",
"headTitle": "‘Water Czar’ Disputes Poor Grades for California’s Drought Response | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A “report card” for California’s response to the four-year drought is being greeted with some consternation by state water officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One always prefers ‘atta-boys’ to kicks in the pants,” responds Felicia Marcus, one of the state’s top water regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the Natural Resources Defense Council \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/water/california-drought-response.asp\">issued a report\u003c/a> grading efforts to cope with the current dry times and gird the state against future droughts. It was a report card that, if handed down by your fifth-grade teacher, you probably wouldn’t be eager to show your parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report issued D grades for conservation in the farm belt and for capturing and recycling stormwater runoff, and an F for its efforts thus far to restore and protect the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, widely considered the keystone in California’s water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it comes down to setting clear goals and putting regulations in place to ensure those goals are met,” says Kate Poole, a senior attorney for NRDC, “and then providing the funding and assistance to meet those goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report assigned higher grades to some of the state’s efforts: a B for its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/12/01/warm-temperatures-boost-california-water-use-in-october/\">urban water conservation\u003c/a> program, and B- for use of recycled and reused water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the state is making significant progress in a couple of those areas,” says Poole, “it’s really fallen down on the job in a few of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_414229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-414229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L-800x1224.jpg\" alt='The NRDC \"report card\" grades California in five broad areas of water management.' width=\"800\" height=\"1224\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L-800x1224.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L-400x612.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L-768x1175.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L-960x1469.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The NRDC “report card” grades California in five broad areas of water management. \u003ccite>(NRDC/Thirsting for Progress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marcus, who chairs the State Water Resources Control Board, says she would like to have seen the NRDC give more credit for last year’s landmark \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/17/what-to-know-about-californias-new-groundwater-law/\">groundwater legislation\u003c/a>, which will pave the way for the first regulation of groundwater pumping in California’s history. She sees this drought as a pivot point in attitudes toward water — but also a starting point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve tried to lay a foundation for the future,” says Marcus, whose board was not the sole target of the critique. “I think we’ve actually been able to advance the cause of sustainable water considerably, even while in the midst of of the drought. But the work is far from over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus cites “hundreds of millions of dollars” in low-cost loans and streamlining of rules to make water recycling easier for local water agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re gonna end up with a lot more recycled water in just a few years,” she predicts. “But that’s not ‘snap your fingers, make it happen.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how would Marcus grade the state?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we get an A for effort,” she says, “and probably a B in execution, because you can’t get it all right.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A “report card” for California’s response to the four-year drought is being greeted with some consternation by state water officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One always prefers ‘atta-boys’ to kicks in the pants,” responds Felicia Marcus, one of the state’s top water regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, the Natural Resources Defense Council \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/water/california-drought-response.asp\">issued a report\u003c/a> grading efforts to cope with the current dry times and gird the state against future droughts. It was a report card that, if handed down by your fifth-grade teacher, you probably wouldn’t be eager to show your parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report issued D grades for conservation in the farm belt and for capturing and recycling stormwater runoff, and an F for its efforts thus far to restore and protect the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, widely considered the keystone in California’s water system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it comes down to setting clear goals and putting regulations in place to ensure those goals are met,” says Kate Poole, a senior attorney for NRDC, “and then providing the funding and assistance to meet those goals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report assigned higher grades to some of the state’s efforts: a B for its \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/12/01/warm-temperatures-boost-california-water-use-in-october/\">urban water conservation\u003c/a> program, and B- for use of recycled and reused water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the state is making significant progress in a couple of those areas,” says Poole, “it’s really fallen down on the job in a few of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_414229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-414229\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L-800x1224.jpg\" alt='The NRDC \"report card\" grades California in five broad areas of water management.' width=\"800\" height=\"1224\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L-800x1224.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L-400x612.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L-768x1175.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L-960x1469.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/ca-drought-reponse-report-card-L.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The NRDC “report card” grades California in five broad areas of water management. \u003ccite>(NRDC/Thirsting for Progress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marcus, who chairs the State Water Resources Control Board, says she would like to have seen the NRDC give more credit for last year’s landmark \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/17/what-to-know-about-californias-new-groundwater-law/\">groundwater legislation\u003c/a>, which will pave the way for the first regulation of groundwater pumping in California’s history. She sees this drought as a pivot point in attitudes toward water — but also a starting point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve tried to lay a foundation for the future,” says Marcus, whose board was not the sole target of the critique. “I think we’ve actually been able to advance the cause of sustainable water considerably, even while in the midst of of the drought. But the work is far from over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus cites “hundreds of millions of dollars” in low-cost loans and streamlining of rules to make water recycling easier for local water agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re gonna end up with a lot more recycled water in just a few years,” she predicts. “But that’s not ‘snap your fingers, make it happen.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how would Marcus grade the state?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we get an A for effort,” she says, “and probably a B in execution, because you can’t get it all right.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: 7 January 2016, 12:20 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, UC Davis released the first estimates of methane emissions from an underground gas storage field north of Los Angeles. Owned by Southern California Gas Company, the gas has been leaking since October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis pilot and scientist Stephen Conley measured the plume and estimates nearly 80,000 tons of methane have been released, or about 1,000 tons per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To put this into perspective, the leak effectively doubles the emission rate for the entire Los Angeles Basin,” says Conley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane has traveled and affected nearby Los Angeles suburb Porter Ranch, displacing thousands of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday, California Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency over the leak and its impact on the Porter Ranch community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: 31 December 2015, 1:45 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utility officials in Southern California say they have determined the underground location of a pipe leak that has spewed natural gas into the air since late October, but it could be months before they’re able to fix the rupture that has driven up the state’s methane emissions and chased thousands of families from their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti has called the leak an “environmental disaster,” and the Los Angeles Unified School District shuttered two area schools for the rest of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the leak at Southern California Gas Company’s Aliso Canyon storage facility is pouring methane into the air at a rate equal to putting an additional 7 million cars on the road daily. The Environmental Defense Fund created this real-time counter showing how many metric tons of methane are estimated to have escaped from the Aliso Canyon facility since Oct. 23:\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.edf.org/embed/methane-counters\" width=\"100%\" height=\"515\" style=\"width: 100%; border: none; height: 515px;\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Original Story:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders left Paris over the weekend with an aggressive agreement to cut methane emissions and other so-called short-lived climate pollutants. Methane doesn’t last as long in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, but it’s much more potent. That’s one reason the city of Los Angeles is suing over the methane leak from a natural gas well north of L.A., and it’s why state leaders are concerned about a long-hidden source of methane emissions: leaking natural gas pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, utilities in California have logged, but not repaired, thousands of pinprick leaks in pipelines criss-crossing the state. These leaks are considered non-hazardous because they don’t pose a health or safety risk. But they do pose an environmental risk. Tim O’Connor, an attorney with the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), says not many people, from utilities to state leaders, have been thinking about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is this hidden environmental issue which is quite significant,” O’Connor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Certain situations—not all, I want to be very clear on this—you’d find some leaks that would go unrepaired for literally years.’\u003ccite>Eric Hofmann,\u003cbr>\nUtility Workers Union of America\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you add up the greenhouse gas emissions coming from all pipeline leaks statewide, he says, it’s as if we’re putting 700,000 more cars on the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methane is a Potent Greenhouse Gas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Californians who care about climate change understand that carbon dioxide emissions are a key part of the problem, but methane – which can seep from landfills, oil and gas infrastructure, wastewater ponds or agricultural facilities – is an important piece of the puzzle when it comes to combating climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has a stronger global warming potential,” explains Riley Duren, a climate scientist who has been tracking atmospheric methane with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “On a 20-year timeline, methane is about 80 times more efficient at trapping heat than an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the biggest single source of methane emissions in the state is in a hilly territory north of Los Angeles, where a massive natural gas leak from Southern California Gas Company’s underground Aliso Canyon storage field has permeated the nearby community of Porter Ranch with a foul smell, sickening some residents and prompting hundreds to relocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I moved here, I didn’t know about the gas facility,” said Matt Pakucko, who lives near the leaking gas well and started a grassroots organization called Save Porter Ranch. Even before the leak started, he said, he’d notice the smell of gas sometimes. “Late night or early morning, it smells like natural gas, like my stove is on,” he explained. “I’d call the gas company, they would come out, and nothing in my house was leaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aO8HraNes9w\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the leak started Oct. 23, he said the fumes grew to an extreme level – and started to affect residents’ health. “It was hard to breathe,” he said. “It’s the kind of thing where you call the emergency number. It’s that strong all over the neighborhood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks after the rupture began, the Los Angeles Department of Public Health issued \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/eh/docs/AlisoCanyonFactSheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a fact sheet\u003c/a> noting that exposure to the methane gas wasn’t expected to cause long-term health impacts, but an additive called mercaptans is known to cause dizziness, respiratory issues, headaches and other short-term health issues. SoCalGas made several unsuccessful attempts to plug the leak, and it’s now \u003ca href=\"https://www.alisoupdates.com/main\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drilling a relief well\u003c/a> to contain it—a process that could take up to four months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas now faces a class-action lawsuit from residents of Porter Ranch, charging the company showed a “willful disregard for public health,” and a lawsuit from the city of Los Angeles charging that the utility failed to notify residents of the health hazard in a timely manner and didn’t have a sufficient plan in place to repair the breach. The company has also drawn heat from environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”j8ZKAhTyX6vUmZUPJsNS6vYz2BUiiQ2Q”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a calculated rate per hour of about 50,000 kilograms of methane emissions, this single leak is likely responsible for over 25 percent of the state’s daily total methane emissions from all sources, including landfills and agriculture,” O’Connor wrote in a recent blog post. “Depending on when it is fixed, this one leak is also likely to single-handedly double the methane emissions associated with natural gas use in California this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Aliso Canyon leak has released a staggering amount of heat-trapping gases, leaking natural gas pipelines are a more insidious problem that has persisted for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hidden Source of Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-hazardous pipeline leaks are graded differently from ruptures that cause gas explosions – under state law, utilities must respond immediately if a detected leak is deemed hazardous. But leaks that vent outdoors, or emit only a small amount of gas, are classified as Grade 3 and have historically ranked as utilities’ lowest priority for repair. Usually the amount of gas they leak is so minuscule you can’t smell it, and if they’re venting outdoors, there’s no danger of a gas build-up that could lead to explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/12/WEBLeakyPipelinesBowe151214.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there are really high levels that could be dangerous, flammable, [utilities] come out immediately,” explains Francesca Hopkins, who works with Duren on the NASA carbon monitoring team. “What we’re talking about is worrying about methane leaks because of their impact on climate, not finding leaks because they’re a public safety hazard. We care because it’s those smaller, long-term leaks that affect global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board estimates gas pipeline leaks will account for 12 percent of the state’s methane emissions by 2030—a problem that will translate to higher utility bills in the long run, since customers pay for that wasted fuel. Policymakers have only recently started taking action to require utilities to fix them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Governor Jerry Brown signed legislation requiring utilities to seal non-hazardous pipeline leaks that don’t pose a threat to public safety. Before this policy, it was common practice to simply allow them to vent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_408396\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 497px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-408396\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/armato-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A PG&E crew member uses soap to identify the exact location of a gas pipeline leak.\" width=\"497\" height=\"373\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A PG&E crew member uses soap to identify the exact location of a gas pipeline leak. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Bowe/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Certain situations — not all, I want to be very clear on this — you’d find some leaks that would go unrepaired for literally years,” said Eric Hofmann, business agent with the SoCalGas utility workers’ union. He said leaks from plastic pipes were more likely to be repaired, but leaks from steel pipes could persist for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partly because the deadly 2010 explosion in San Bruno drew attention to leaky pipelines, and partly because of the new state law, utilities are paying more attention to these small, non-hazardous leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the industry, Hofmann said, “there’s definitely been a sense of a more aggressive approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities are currently working with state regulators to formulate long-term plans for complying with the new legislation. In the meantime, Hofmann and others say the gas companies have started adopting new practices, with the recognition that addressing environmentally hazardous leaks is now mandated under state law.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAround the time of this paradigm shift, PG&E adopted new air-monitoring technology that’s 1,000 times more sensitive than the devices it used to rely on. Now they’re finding leaks they couldn’t detect before. In 2014, PG&E reported to regulators that crews found more than 18,800 new, non-hazardous pipeline leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane has drawn a lot of attention from policymakers lately. Speaking at a press conference in Paris, Democratic Senator Ricardo Lara of Los Angeles County issued a proposal to slash methane emissions in California to 40 percent below current rates by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scientific evidence is really quite clear,” O’Connor said. “Methane, actual methane into the air, is responsible for 20 to 30 percent of the temperature increases we’re feeling today.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: 7 January 2016, 12:20 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, UC Davis released the first estimates of methane emissions from an underground gas storage field north of Los Angeles. Owned by Southern California Gas Company, the gas has been leaking since October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis pilot and scientist Stephen Conley measured the plume and estimates nearly 80,000 tons of methane have been released, or about 1,000 tons per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To put this into perspective, the leak effectively doubles the emission rate for the entire Los Angeles Basin,” says Conley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane has traveled and affected nearby Los Angeles suburb Porter Ranch, displacing thousands of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday, California Governor Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency over the leak and its impact on the Porter Ranch community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: 31 December 2015, 1:45 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utility officials in Southern California say they have determined the underground location of a pipe leak that has spewed natural gas into the air since late October, but it could be months before they’re able to fix the rupture that has driven up the state’s methane emissions and chased thousands of families from their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti has called the leak an “environmental disaster,” and the Los Angeles Unified School District shuttered two area schools for the rest of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the leak at Southern California Gas Company’s Aliso Canyon storage facility is pouring methane into the air at a rate equal to putting an additional 7 million cars on the road daily. The Environmental Defense Fund created this real-time counter showing how many metric tons of methane are estimated to have escaped from the Aliso Canyon facility since Oct. 23:\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.edf.org/embed/methane-counters\" width=\"100%\" height=\"515\" style=\"width: 100%; border: none; height: 515px;\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Original Story:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World leaders left Paris over the weekend with an aggressive agreement to cut methane emissions and other so-called short-lived climate pollutants. Methane doesn’t last as long in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, but it’s much more potent. That’s one reason the city of Los Angeles is suing over the methane leak from a natural gas well north of L.A., and it’s why state leaders are concerned about a long-hidden source of methane emissions: leaking natural gas pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, utilities in California have logged, but not repaired, thousands of pinprick leaks in pipelines criss-crossing the state. These leaks are considered non-hazardous because they don’t pose a health or safety risk. But they do pose an environmental risk. Tim O’Connor, an attorney with the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), says not many people, from utilities to state leaders, have been thinking about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is this hidden environmental issue which is quite significant,” O’Connor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Certain situations—not all, I want to be very clear on this—you’d find some leaks that would go unrepaired for literally years.’\u003ccite>Eric Hofmann,\u003cbr>\nUtility Workers Union of America\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you add up the greenhouse gas emissions coming from all pipeline leaks statewide, he says, it’s as if we’re putting 700,000 more cars on the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Methane is a Potent Greenhouse Gas\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Californians who care about climate change understand that carbon dioxide emissions are a key part of the problem, but methane – which can seep from landfills, oil and gas infrastructure, wastewater ponds or agricultural facilities – is an important piece of the puzzle when it comes to combating climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has a stronger global warming potential,” explains Riley Duren, a climate scientist who has been tracking atmospheric methane with NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “On a 20-year timeline, methane is about 80 times more efficient at trapping heat than an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the biggest single source of methane emissions in the state is in a hilly territory north of Los Angeles, where a massive natural gas leak from Southern California Gas Company’s underground Aliso Canyon storage field has permeated the nearby community of Porter Ranch with a foul smell, sickening some residents and prompting hundreds to relocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I moved here, I didn’t know about the gas facility,” said Matt Pakucko, who lives near the leaking gas well and started a grassroots organization called Save Porter Ranch. Even before the leak started, he said, he’d notice the smell of gas sometimes. “Late night or early morning, it smells like natural gas, like my stove is on,” he explained. “I’d call the gas company, they would come out, and nothing in my house was leaking.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/aO8HraNes9w'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/aO8HraNes9w'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>But when the leak started Oct. 23, he said the fumes grew to an extreme level – and started to affect residents’ health. “It was hard to breathe,” he said. “It’s the kind of thing where you call the emergency number. It’s that strong all over the neighborhood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks after the rupture began, the Los Angeles Department of Public Health issued \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/eh/docs/AlisoCanyonFactSheet.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a fact sheet\u003c/a> noting that exposure to the methane gas wasn’t expected to cause long-term health impacts, but an additive called mercaptans is known to cause dizziness, respiratory issues, headaches and other short-term health issues. SoCalGas made several unsuccessful attempts to plug the leak, and it’s now \u003ca href=\"https://www.alisoupdates.com/main\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drilling a relief well\u003c/a> to contain it—a process that could take up to four months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas now faces a class-action lawsuit from residents of Porter Ranch, charging the company showed a “willful disregard for public health,” and a lawsuit from the city of Los Angeles charging that the utility failed to notify residents of the health hazard in a timely manner and didn’t have a sufficient plan in place to repair the breach. The company has also drawn heat from environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a calculated rate per hour of about 50,000 kilograms of methane emissions, this single leak is likely responsible for over 25 percent of the state’s daily total methane emissions from all sources, including landfills and agriculture,” O’Connor wrote in a recent blog post. “Depending on when it is fixed, this one leak is also likely to single-handedly double the methane emissions associated with natural gas use in California this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Aliso Canyon leak has released a staggering amount of heat-trapping gases, leaking natural gas pipelines are a more insidious problem that has persisted for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hidden Source of Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-hazardous pipeline leaks are graded differently from ruptures that cause gas explosions – under state law, utilities must respond immediately if a detected leak is deemed hazardous. But leaks that vent outdoors, or emit only a small amount of gas, are classified as Grade 3 and have historically ranked as utilities’ lowest priority for repair. Usually the amount of gas they leak is so minuscule you can’t smell it, and if they’re venting outdoors, there’s no danger of a gas build-up that could lead to explosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>“If there are really high levels that could be dangerous, flammable, [utilities] come out immediately,” explains Francesca Hopkins, who works with Duren on the NASA carbon monitoring team. “What we’re talking about is worrying about methane leaks because of their impact on climate, not finding leaks because they’re a public safety hazard. We care because it’s those smaller, long-term leaks that affect global warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board estimates gas pipeline leaks will account for 12 percent of the state’s methane emissions by 2030—a problem that will translate to higher utility bills in the long run, since customers pay for that wasted fuel. Policymakers have only recently started taking action to require utilities to fix them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Governor Jerry Brown signed legislation requiring utilities to seal non-hazardous pipeline leaks that don’t pose a threat to public safety. Before this policy, it was common practice to simply allow them to vent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_408396\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 497px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-408396\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/armato-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A PG&E crew member uses soap to identify the exact location of a gas pipeline leak.\" width=\"497\" height=\"373\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A PG&E crew member uses soap to identify the exact location of a gas pipeline leak. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Bowe/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Certain situations — not all, I want to be very clear on this — you’d find some leaks that would go unrepaired for literally years,” said Eric Hofmann, business agent with the SoCalGas utility workers’ union. He said leaks from plastic pipes were more likely to be repaired, but leaks from steel pipes could persist for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partly because the deadly 2010 explosion in San Bruno drew attention to leaky pipelines, and partly because of the new state law, utilities are paying more attention to these small, non-hazardous leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the industry, Hofmann said, “there’s definitely been a sense of a more aggressive approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities are currently working with state regulators to formulate long-term plans for complying with the new legislation. In the meantime, Hofmann and others say the gas companies have started adopting new practices, with the recognition that addressing environmentally hazardous leaks is now mandated under state law.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAround the time of this paradigm shift, PG&E adopted new air-monitoring technology that’s 1,000 times more sensitive than the devices it used to rely on. Now they’re finding leaks they couldn’t detect before. In 2014, PG&E reported to regulators that crews found more than 18,800 new, non-hazardous pipeline leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane has drawn a lot of attention from policymakers lately. Speaking at a press conference in Paris, Democratic Senator Ricardo Lara of Los Angeles County issued a proposal to slash methane emissions in California to 40 percent below current rates by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scientific evidence is really quite clear,” O’Connor said. “Methane, actual methane into the air, is responsible for 20 to 30 percent of the temperature increases we’re feeling today.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In what may not be unlike a space-geek’s version of American Idol, NASA has judged five proposals for interplanetary missions worthy of moving onto a final round of competition for selection under its Discover program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it is likely that only one contender will win the prize of being fully funded, each represents exciting potential for exploration, including probing the atmosphere and surface of Venus, exploring distant and ancient asteroids, and searching for objects that sometimes come perilously close to the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s Discovery program is designed to produce quick-paced and relatively inexpensive missions to explore important questions about our solar system, without the encumbrance involved in time-consuming and expensive “flagship” missions like Curiosity or Cassini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An example of a highly successful Discovery mission is \u003ca href=\"http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA’s Dawn\u003c/a>, which only last March became the first spacecraft to encounter a dwarf planet when it arrived at Ceres, following a year-long exploration of the protoplanet Vesta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the five missions being considered–four of which are led by women–two are focused on Earth’s near neighbor and size-twin, Venus, and three on various aspects of small solar system bodies: asteroids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 1: DAVINCI\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/122719/the-next-generation-of-exploration-the-davinci-spacecraft/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deep Atmospheric Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging\u003c/a> (DAVINCI—yes, NASA really works hard to make its acronyms say something!) would make a gradual, hour-long descent through Venus’ thick atmosphere, studying its composition and other properties along the way. DAVINCI would also attempt to confirm recent exciting evidence that there may be active volcanoes on Venus today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 2: VERITAS\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402166\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402166\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-400x257.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of proposed VERITAS mission spacecraft.\" width=\"400\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-400x257.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-800x514.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-960x616.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of proposed VERITAS mission spacecraft. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another Venus exploration proposal, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dlr.de/pf/Portaldata/6/Resources/lcpm/abstracts/Abstract2_Freeman_A.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy\u003c/a> (VERITAS) would make high-resolution image maps of Venus’ surface. So far, we have only seen Venus’ surface through relatively low-resolution radar maps, such as those made by the Magellan spacecraft decades ago, and the few close-up images taken by Soviet landers even earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much attention has been given to Mars in recent years that Venus seems to have become an afterthought in near-solar-system exploration–but that does not mean Venus is less interesting. Venus’ extremely inhospitable atmospheric pressure and temperature present greater challenges to exploration than Mars, but that is merely a hurdle to technological innovation, and not a barrier to curiosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Active volcanoes on Venus? Awesome. There are even thoughts that once, long ago, Venus may have possessed oceans, a possibility that examination of its present-day atmosphere could reveal to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The balance of the Discovery mission contestants focus on much more accessible solar system objects: asteroids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 3: Lucy\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402170\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt-400x445.jpg\" alt=\"Jupiter's Trojan asteroids congregate in the L4 and L5 "Lagrangian Points" that lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit.\" width=\"400\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt-400x445.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt.jpg 539w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids congregate in the L4 and L5 “Lagrangian Points” that lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.astrowatch.net/2015/10/nasas-proposed-lucy-mission-to-study.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lucy mission\u003c/a> would send the first-ever spacecraft to explore a distant and special group of space rocks: Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids. Trojan asteroids accumulate in two gravitationally stable “pockets” called “Lagrangian” points, which lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit around the sun. Jupiter’s Trojans number over 6,000, and are believed to have been captured in Jupiter’s L4 and L5 Lagrangian points early in the formation of the solar system. Lucy would be the most distant asteroid encounter mission to date, since the targets of past asteroid missions reside within the Main Asteroid Belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 4: Psyche\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402171\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402171\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche-400x203.jpg\" alt=\"The Psyche mission would explore the large metallic asteroid of the same name--an object whose interior may have been exposed by a collision with another asteroid. \" width=\"400\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche-400x203.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche.jpg 575w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Psyche mission would explore the large metallic asteroid of the same name–an object whose interior may have been exposed by a collision with another asteroid. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/122764/mission-to-the-metal-world-the-psyche-mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Psyche mission\u003c/a> would send a spacecraft to explore the asteroid Psyche, one of the largest objects in the Main Asteroid Belt. Psyche is the remnant of a protoplanet whose outer layers were blasted away by a collision with another body. Psyche might offer a visiting spacecraft an unobstructed view of parts of the asteroid that originally formed deep within it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 5: NEOCam\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402172\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/neocam.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-402172\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/neocam.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of the Near-Earth Object hunting infrared telescope and wide-field camera, NEOCam. \" width=\"320\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the Near-Earth Object hunting infrared telescope and wide-field camera, NEOCam. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The final Discovery candidate under consideration is \u003ca href=\"http://neocam.ipac.caltech.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEOCam\u003c/a>, which would focus on detecting and tracking asteroids—and potentially comets—that pass close to Earth’s orbit. NEOCam would be stationed closer to the sun than Earth, near Venus’ orbit, and sweep its infrared gaze around Earth’s entire orbital path. We already know of about 10,000 Near Earth Objects (NEOs), including almost all of the larger ones. But the smaller the NEO, the more easily it evades detection. NEOCam is expected to detect 100,000 or more as yet unknown NEOs, vastly improving our ability to predict possible future collisions with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>So who will become NASA’s next Solar System Discovery Idol? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who would get your vote? Do Venusian volcanoes strike your fancy, or are you more concerned with space rocks that could punch a hole in Earth’s surface? Or maybe ancient asteroids that tell a story of the early formation of the solar system is what plays on your fascination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voting lines are now open! (If only….)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In what may not be unlike a space-geek’s version of American Idol, NASA has judged five proposals for interplanetary missions worthy of moving onto a final round of competition for selection under its Discover program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it is likely that only one contender will win the prize of being fully funded, each represents exciting potential for exploration, including probing the atmosphere and surface of Venus, exploring distant and ancient asteroids, and searching for objects that sometimes come perilously close to the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA’s Discovery program is designed to produce quick-paced and relatively inexpensive missions to explore important questions about our solar system, without the encumbrance involved in time-consuming and expensive “flagship” missions like Curiosity or Cassini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An example of a highly successful Discovery mission is \u003ca href=\"http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA’s Dawn\u003c/a>, which only last March became the first spacecraft to encounter a dwarf planet when it arrived at Ceres, following a year-long exploration of the protoplanet Vesta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the five missions being considered–four of which are led by women–two are focused on Earth’s near neighbor and size-twin, Venus, and three on various aspects of small solar system bodies: asteroids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 1: DAVINCI\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/122719/the-next-generation-of-exploration-the-davinci-spacecraft/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deep Atmospheric Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging\u003c/a> (DAVINCI—yes, NASA really works hard to make its acronyms say something!) would make a gradual, hour-long descent through Venus’ thick atmosphere, studying its composition and other properties along the way. DAVINCI would also attempt to confirm recent exciting evidence that there may be active volcanoes on Venus today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 2: VERITAS\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402166\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402166\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-400x257.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of proposed VERITAS mission spacecraft.\" width=\"400\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-400x257.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-800x514.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas-960x616.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/veritas.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of proposed VERITAS mission spacecraft. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another Venus exploration proposal, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dlr.de/pf/Portaldata/6/Resources/lcpm/abstracts/Abstract2_Freeman_A.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy\u003c/a> (VERITAS) would make high-resolution image maps of Venus’ surface. So far, we have only seen Venus’ surface through relatively low-resolution radar maps, such as those made by the Magellan spacecraft decades ago, and the few close-up images taken by Soviet landers even earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So much attention has been given to Mars in recent years that Venus seems to have become an afterthought in near-solar-system exploration–but that does not mean Venus is less interesting. Venus’ extremely inhospitable atmospheric pressure and temperature present greater challenges to exploration than Mars, but that is merely a hurdle to technological innovation, and not a barrier to curiosity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Active volcanoes on Venus? Awesome. There are even thoughts that once, long ago, Venus may have possessed oceans, a possibility that examination of its present-day atmosphere could reveal to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The balance of the Discovery mission contestants focus on much more accessible solar system objects: asteroids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 3: Lucy\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402170\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402170\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt-400x445.jpg\" alt=\"Jupiter's Trojan asteroids congregate in the L4 and L5 "Lagrangian Points" that lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit.\" width=\"400\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt-400x445.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/539px-Asteroid_Belt.jpg 539w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids congregate in the L4 and L5 “Lagrangian Points” that lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.astrowatch.net/2015/10/nasas-proposed-lucy-mission-to-study.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lucy mission\u003c/a> would send the first-ever spacecraft to explore a distant and special group of space rocks: Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids. Trojan asteroids accumulate in two gravitationally stable “pockets” called “Lagrangian” points, which lead and trail Jupiter in its orbit around the sun. Jupiter’s Trojans number over 6,000, and are believed to have been captured in Jupiter’s L4 and L5 Lagrangian points early in the formation of the solar system. Lucy would be the most distant asteroid encounter mission to date, since the targets of past asteroid missions reside within the Main Asteroid Belt, between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 4: Psyche\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402171\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-402171\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche-400x203.jpg\" alt=\"The Psyche mission would explore the large metallic asteroid of the same name--an object whose interior may have been exposed by a collision with another asteroid. \" width=\"400\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche-400x203.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/psyche.jpg 575w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Psyche mission would explore the large metallic asteroid of the same name–an object whose interior may have been exposed by a collision with another asteroid. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.universetoday.com/122764/mission-to-the-metal-world-the-psyche-mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Psyche mission\u003c/a> would send a spacecraft to explore the asteroid Psyche, one of the largest objects in the Main Asteroid Belt. Psyche is the remnant of a protoplanet whose outer layers were blasted away by a collision with another body. Psyche might offer a visiting spacecraft an unobstructed view of parts of the asteroid that originally formed deep within it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Contestant 5: NEOCam\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_402172\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/neocam.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-402172\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/neocam.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of the Near-Earth Object hunting infrared telescope and wide-field camera, NEOCam. \" width=\"320\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of the Near-Earth Object hunting infrared telescope and wide-field camera, NEOCam. \u003ccite>(JPL-CalTech/NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The final Discovery candidate under consideration is \u003ca href=\"http://neocam.ipac.caltech.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NEOCam\u003c/a>, which would focus on detecting and tracking asteroids—and potentially comets—that pass close to Earth’s orbit. NEOCam would be stationed closer to the sun than Earth, near Venus’ orbit, and sweep its infrared gaze around Earth’s entire orbital path. We already know of about 10,000 Near Earth Objects (NEOs), including almost all of the larger ones. But the smaller the NEO, the more easily it evades detection. NEOCam is expected to detect 100,000 or more as yet unknown NEOs, vastly improving our ability to predict possible future collisions with Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>So who will become NASA’s next Solar System Discovery Idol? \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who would get your vote? Do Venusian volcanoes strike your fancy, or are you more concerned with space rocks that could punch a hole in Earth’s surface? Or maybe ancient asteroids that tell a story of the early formation of the solar system is what plays on your fascination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voting lines are now open! (If only….)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "FEMA Unveils El Niño Disaster Response Plan",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal and state officials unveiled a disaster plan today for dealing with flooding, landslides and power outages this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño-related storms are expected to hit California, Nevada and Arizona this month and continue through early spring. California, especially southern California, is expected to receive above-average rainfall from December through March.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’re very, very concerned about flash flooding.’\u003ccite> Mark Ghilarducci, California Office of Emergency Services \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Emergency planners say Californians will likely be battling a range of disasters, including mudslides, floods, rising tides and downed trees that cause power outages. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the drought has packed the soil, which could make conditions even more more difficult, says Mark Ghilarducci, director of the state Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The land is very, very hard,” Ghilarducci says, “and so we’re very, very concerned about flash flooding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Areas like Lake County, where wildfires decimated trees that normally hold soil in place, are susceptible to mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the burn scar areas — we had some catastrophic fires this summer — we’re very concerned what this heavy water will do to those areas,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the coast, above average sea surface temperatures related to El Niño mean higher sea levels. And the El Niño conditions, coupled with King Tides, create even higher tides dubbed Tall Kings, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/_media_library/2015/12/RecordBreakingSeaLevelsMemo.pdf\">according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tidal highs are already breaking records. During Thanksgiving week, tide stations at San Diego, La Jolla and Santa Barbara recorded the highest tide levels ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_403989\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-403989\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Government officials gather at the California Office of Emergency Response during an El Nino disaster response planning session.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Government officials gather at the California Office of Emergency Response during an El Niño disaster response planning session. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Because Arizona and Nevada are deserts they are less vulnerable than California. Arizona is susceptible to flash flooding, however, which it often experiences during its summer monsoon season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact on Nevada will depend on how much water flows down Eastern Sierra rivers and drainages from melting snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño is a series of ocean conditions defined by above-average sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific. NOAA forecasters say this year’s El Niño is stronger than usual, and has a 95 percent chance of continuing through the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time San Francisco experienced an El Niño of this magnitude, in the winter of ’97-98, the city received double the normal amount of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During The Federal Emergency Management Agency and California’s Office of Emergency Management drill in Sacramento today, the agencies offered tips to the public, and urged people to prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Niño Disaster Planning Tips\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.floodsmart.gov/floodsmart/\">floodsmart.gov\u003c/a> to see if you live in a flood zone (one in five Californians live in a flood prone area).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make sure you have a plan in place before, during and after heavy rains. Visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.ready.gov/\">ready.gov \u003c/a>for tips.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consider buying \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program\">flood insurance\u003c/a>. It’s not included in most insurance plans.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help out. FEMA is \u003ca href=\"https://careers.fema.gov/temporary-local-hires\">looking to hire\u003c/a> 500 people in California, Nevada and Arizona to help with response efforts. The agency is especially interested in engineers, construction or social workers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you live in a low-lying area, ask your \u003ca href=\"http://www.firedepartment.net/directory/california\">local fire department\u003c/a> where you can buy sandbags.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On Wednesday, federal and state officials released an emergency plan for heavy winter storms, severe flooding, power outages and mudslides this winter.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal and state officials unveiled a disaster plan today for dealing with flooding, landslides and power outages this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño-related storms are expected to hit California, Nevada and Arizona this month and continue through early spring. California, especially southern California, is expected to receive above-average rainfall from December through March.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’re very, very concerned about flash flooding.’\u003ccite> Mark Ghilarducci, California Office of Emergency Services \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Emergency planners say Californians will likely be battling a range of disasters, including mudslides, floods, rising tides and downed trees that cause power outages. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the drought has packed the soil, which could make conditions even more more difficult, says Mark Ghilarducci, director of the state Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The land is very, very hard,” Ghilarducci says, “and so we’re very, very concerned about flash flooding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Areas like Lake County, where wildfires decimated trees that normally hold soil in place, are susceptible to mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the burn scar areas — we had some catastrophic fires this summer — we’re very concerned what this heavy water will do to those areas,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the coast, above average sea surface temperatures related to El Niño mean higher sea levels. And the El Niño conditions, coupled with King Tides, create even higher tides dubbed Tall Kings, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/_media_library/2015/12/RecordBreakingSeaLevelsMemo.pdf\">according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tidal highs are already breaking records. During Thanksgiving week, tide stations at San Diego, La Jolla and Santa Barbara recorded the highest tide levels ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_403989\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-403989\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Government officials gather at the California Office of Emergency Response during an El Nino disaster response planning session.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/El-Nino_response.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Government officials gather at the California Office of Emergency Response during an El Niño disaster response planning session. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Because Arizona and Nevada are deserts they are less vulnerable than California. Arizona is susceptible to flash flooding, however, which it often experiences during its summer monsoon season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact on Nevada will depend on how much water flows down Eastern Sierra rivers and drainages from melting snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El Niño is a series of ocean conditions defined by above-average sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific. NOAA forecasters say this year’s El Niño is stronger than usual, and has a 95 percent chance of continuing through the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time San Francisco experienced an El Niño of this magnitude, in the winter of ’97-98, the city received double the normal amount of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During The Federal Emergency Management Agency and California’s Office of Emergency Management drill in Sacramento today, the agencies offered tips to the public, and urged people to prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Niño Disaster Planning Tips\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.floodsmart.gov/floodsmart/\">floodsmart.gov\u003c/a> to see if you live in a flood zone (one in five Californians live in a flood prone area).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make sure you have a plan in place before, during and after heavy rains. Visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.ready.gov/\">ready.gov \u003c/a>for tips.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consider buying \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program\">flood insurance\u003c/a>. It’s not included in most insurance plans.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help out. FEMA is \u003ca href=\"https://careers.fema.gov/temporary-local-hires\">looking to hire\u003c/a> 500 people in California, Nevada and Arizona to help with response efforts. The agency is especially interested in engineers, construction or social workers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you live in a low-lying area, ask your \u003ca href=\"http://www.firedepartment.net/directory/california\">local fire department\u003c/a> where you can buy sandbags.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'Local Warming:' Radio Documentary Captures California Attitudes Toward Climate Change",
"headTitle": "‘Local Warming:’ Radio Documentary Captures California Attitudes Toward Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Drought. Wildfire. Mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do Californians who’ve lived through these natural disasters think about climate change? Governor Jerry Brown is determined to\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/12/04/brown-on-climate-the-california-governors-big-footprint-in-paris/\"> leave a big footprint\u003c/a> at the Paris climate talks, but how do the attitudes of average Californians shape the state’s role on the world climate stage?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio\">BBC World Service\u003c/a> set out to explore when it chose to feature California as one of three locations around the world for its new series\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p037t3tg\"> ‘Local Warming,\u003c/a>’ airing as the Paris talks progress. KQED partnered with the BBC for the California segment. Radio reporters in the Philippines and Nigeria anchored the other two segments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236712945&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I teamed up with BBC producer Ben Carter to bring the voices of regular Californians to World Service listeners from Nairobi to New Delhi. Our goal: to hear the voices behind the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=1172\">polling data \u003c/a> that an overwhelming majority of Californians see climate change as a serious threat to the state’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/pressrelease.asp?i=1824\">Polls\u003c/a> also show that most Californians think the state’s drought has been intensified by climate change. We traveled the state talking to farmers who’ve lost their crops, and rural residents who have no drinking water because their wells went dry. Guillermo Lopez, a Fresno County resident, showed us how he brushes his teeth using two tiny paper cups of water he pours from a jug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_400051\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-400051 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Guillermo Lopez brushes his teeth using a portable water jug. He and his mother lived without running water for nine months after their well went dry in rural Fresno County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guillermo Lopez brushes his teeth using a portable water jug. He and his mother lived without running water for nine months after their well went dry in rural Fresno County. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you think of California, people all over the world think we live by a beach, or there’s water and palm trees everywhere,” Lopez told me. “But the reality is there is no water here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BBC listeners may be shocked to hear from people living without running water in the wealthiest state of one of the richest countries in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most memorable interviews for me, though, had to do with the other climate extreme: sudden, intense rain after months of drought. Trucker Shannon Doyle showed us chilling video he shot on his iPhone when his 18-wheeler was stuck in the October mudslides in the Tehachapis. The river of mud was 12 feet deep in some places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_400053\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-400053\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Trucker Shannon Doyle with his big rig. Every day, he drives 500 miles from Fresno to Los Angeles, hauling auto parts. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trucker Shannon Doyle with his big rig. Every day, he drives 500 miles from Fresno to Los Angeles, hauling auto parts. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Doyle makes his living as a diesel trucker, and he resents California’s strict regulations on air pollution (including \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/newsrel/newsrelease.php?id=444\">carbon pollution\u003c/a>) that require drivers to spend money upgrading their trucks and make them more \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/hdghg/hdghg.htm\">aerodynamic and fuel efficient\u003c/a>. But at the same time, he thinks climate change is already reshaping California in very real ways, and he’s worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to think of future generations to come, and if it does help them, I’m willing to sacrifice,” he told me. “I have a grandson, and I want him to have a place to live as he grows up. We can’t just keep going like we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s car culture fascinated BBC producer Ben Carter. He doesn’t drive in the UK, but takes the train to most of his radio interviews. He was fascinated by our Amtrak ride from Fresno to the Bay Area, when he realized that the five-hour journey could be made in just three by car. Californians are still heavily car-dependent, even if they’re environmentally conscious and willing to alter their lives in other ways to reduce their carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Luke Iseman and the others we met at “Containertopia,” a Bay Area village of shipping containers occupied by a group of young artists and entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that for sustainability to be scalable, we have to do a ‘less-but-better’ version of modernity, where we have modern conveniences but we create a different model, a new desirability, instead of everyone wanting giant houses in the suburbs,” Iseman told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documentary also tries to capture the devastation and intensity of California wildfires during this drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_400048\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-400048\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Prather family includes a number of retired firefighters. They rigged up a homemade fire engine to battle the Valley Fire. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Prather family includes a number of retired firefighters. They rigged up a homemade fire engine to battle the Valley Fire. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Lake County, we were invited to a family barbecue with the Prather brothers, who battled this fall’s Valley Fire using jerry-built fire engines around their mountain property. Many of them consider themselves politically conservative, especially when it comes to gun laws. But when I asked them about climate change, they could rattle off the statistics in flash:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parts per million of C02 in the atmosphere is 400,” piped up one of the seven brothers. “It’s here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Prathers say they’d like to find an electric vehicle that could scale their steep, muddy mountain roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also toured the charred remains of Jessica Pyska’s home, where she pointed out her son’s melted toy trucks in the rubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_400049\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-400049\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Jessica Pyska's two children watched the valley fire start, minutes before their parents realized they had to evacuate. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Pyska’s two children watched the valley fire start, minutes before their parents realized they had to evacuate. \u003ccite>(Jessica Pyska)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One silver lining for Pyska: she and her neighbors are planning to rebuild their houses to be more energy-efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can all be fully solar now,” she laughs. “Because we don’t have trees.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "And some of them might surprise you. KQED's Sasha Khokha teams up with the BBC for a three-part documentary series.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Drought. Wildfire. Mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do Californians who’ve lived through these natural disasters think about climate change? Governor Jerry Brown is determined to\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/12/04/brown-on-climate-the-california-governors-big-footprint-in-paris/\"> leave a big footprint\u003c/a> at the Paris climate talks, but how do the attitudes of average Californians shape the state’s role on the world climate stage?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio\">BBC World Service\u003c/a> set out to explore when it chose to feature California as one of three locations around the world for its new series\u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p037t3tg\"> ‘Local Warming,\u003c/a>’ airing as the Paris talks progress. KQED partnered with the BBC for the California segment. Radio reporters in the Philippines and Nigeria anchored the other two segments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236712945&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I teamed up with BBC producer Ben Carter to bring the voices of regular Californians to World Service listeners from Nairobi to New Delhi. Our goal: to hear the voices behind the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication_show.asp?i=1172\">polling data \u003c/a> that an overwhelming majority of Californians see climate change as a serious threat to the state’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/pressrelease.asp?i=1824\">Polls\u003c/a> also show that most Californians think the state’s drought has been intensified by climate change. We traveled the state talking to farmers who’ve lost their crops, and rural residents who have no drinking water because their wells went dry. Guillermo Lopez, a Fresno County resident, showed us how he brushes his teeth using two tiny paper cups of water he pours from a jug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_400051\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-400051 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Guillermo Lopez brushes his teeth using a portable water jug. He and his mother lived without running water for nine months after their well went dry in rural Fresno County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Guillermo-brushing-teeth-3-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guillermo Lopez brushes his teeth using a portable water jug. He and his mother lived without running water for nine months after their well went dry in rural Fresno County. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When you think of California, people all over the world think we live by a beach, or there’s water and palm trees everywhere,” Lopez told me. “But the reality is there is no water here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BBC listeners may be shocked to hear from people living without running water in the wealthiest state of one of the richest countries in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most memorable interviews for me, though, had to do with the other climate extreme: sudden, intense rain after months of drought. Trucker Shannon Doyle showed us chilling video he shot on his iPhone when his 18-wheeler was stuck in the October mudslides in the Tehachapis. The river of mud was 12 feet deep in some places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_400053\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-400053\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Trucker Shannon Doyle with his big rig. Every day, he drives 500 miles from Fresno to Los Angeles, hauling auto parts. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Shannon-Doyle-trucker-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trucker Shannon Doyle with his big rig. Every day, he drives 500 miles from Fresno to Los Angeles, hauling auto parts. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Doyle makes his living as a diesel trucker, and he resents California’s strict regulations on air pollution (including \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/newsrel/newsrelease.php?id=444\">carbon pollution\u003c/a>) that require drivers to spend money upgrading their trucks and make them more \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/hdghg/hdghg.htm\">aerodynamic and fuel efficient\u003c/a>. But at the same time, he thinks climate change is already reshaping California in very real ways, and he’s worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to think of future generations to come, and if it does help them, I’m willing to sacrifice,” he told me. “I have a grandson, and I want him to have a place to live as he grows up. We can’t just keep going like we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s car culture fascinated BBC producer Ben Carter. He doesn’t drive in the UK, but takes the train to most of his radio interviews. He was fascinated by our Amtrak ride from Fresno to the Bay Area, when he realized that the five-hour journey could be made in just three by car. Californians are still heavily car-dependent, even if they’re environmentally conscious and willing to alter their lives in other ways to reduce their carbon footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Luke Iseman and the others we met at “Containertopia,” a Bay Area village of shipping containers occupied by a group of young artists and entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that for sustainability to be scalable, we have to do a ‘less-but-better’ version of modernity, where we have modern conveniences but we create a different model, a new desirability, instead of everyone wanting giant houses in the suburbs,” Iseman told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documentary also tries to capture the devastation and intensity of California wildfires during this drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_400048\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-400048\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The Prather family includes a number of retired firefighters. They rigged up a homemade fire engine to battle the Valley Fire. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Prathers-more-family-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Prather family includes a number of retired firefighters. They rigged up a homemade fire engine to battle the Valley Fire. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Lake County, we were invited to a family barbecue with the Prather brothers, who battled this fall’s Valley Fire using jerry-built fire engines around their mountain property. Many of them consider themselves politically conservative, especially when it comes to gun laws. But when I asked them about climate change, they could rattle off the statistics in flash:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parts per million of C02 in the atmosphere is 400,” piped up one of the seven brothers. “It’s here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Prathers say they’d like to find an electric vehicle that could scale their steep, muddy mountain roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also toured the charred remains of Jessica Pyska’s home, where she pointed out her son’s melted toy trucks in the rubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_400049\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-400049\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Jessica Pyska's two children watched the valley fire start, minutes before their parents realized they had to evacuate. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Jessicas-kids-watching-the-fire-start-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Pyska’s two children watched the valley fire start, minutes before their parents realized they had to evacuate. \u003ccite>(Jessica Pyska)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One silver lining for Pyska: she and her neighbors are planning to rebuild their houses to be more energy-efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can all be fully solar now,” she laughs. “Because we don’t have trees.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "With Rooftop Solar Booming, California Utilities Want to Charge More",
"headTitle": "With Rooftop Solar Booming, California Utilities Want to Charge More | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2015/12/SolarShowdown.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter, solar companies and utilities are headed for a showdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators will soon be deciding whether Californians installing solar panels will have to pay new monthly fees to their utility, including PG&E and the state’s two other major utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate, years in the making, was sparked by something that’s been troubling the utility sector: as more Californians make their own power, electric utilities are bringing in less money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the growth of solar in the state has exploded. PG&E estimates that it hooks up a new solar system to the grid every seven minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solar Incentives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At stake is a core incentive that solar customers rely on: a policy known as “\u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/energy/DistGen/netmetering.htm\">net-energy metering\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When homeowners like Matt Brown decide to install solar, they’re usually looking at the bottom line. When Brown bought panels for his Oakland home earlier this year, he calculated that he’d start saving money in five or six years because of net-metering.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘No state is more committed to encouraging solar than California.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite> Governor Jerry Brown \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I think that was one of the most important things for us,” Brown says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how it works: in the evening, when Brown is getting dinner ready for his two young sons, he’s using plenty of electricity to power his lights and appliances. Since it’s dark out, his solar panels aren’t producing and he has to buy that electricity from PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his utility bill isn’t as high as you might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we’re projected basically to have a zero bill,” Brown says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because during the day, when it’s sunny and Brown’s panels are cranking out electricity, he sells the extra back to PG&E, at the same price he buys it from the company. So the power he sells cancels out the power he buys, keeping his monthly utility bill low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Utility Shortfall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those low bills have been raising red flags in California, where the solar market is the largest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is going to be a challenge for the utility,” says Aaron Johnson, a vice president at PG&E. “How do we accommodate all that solar? How do we incorporate it into the grid?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s territory, running from Bakersfield nearly to the Oregon border, is home to a quarter of all the rooftop solar systems in the country. Johnson says the wires and substations that make up today’s electric grid may not be up to the task of moving so much power both into and out of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Solar_Grid@620px_credit.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-401829\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Solar_Grid@620px_credit.jpg\" alt=\"Solar_Grid@620px_credit\" width=\"620\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Solar_Grid@620px_credit.jpg 620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Solar_Grid@620px_credit-400x247.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to need a grid that can accommodate these two-way power flows,” he says. “It wasn’t originally designed to do that. And as we begin to build that modern, 21st century grid, everyone is going to have to contribute to that. And we think solar customers need to contribute to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says with their low bills, solar customers aren’t contributing enough to upgrade the power grid. That’s creating a shortfall that, according to PG&E, will reach up to $3 billion annually within a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly growing and will continue to grow significantly if we don’t look at a different model for solar going forward,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under PG&E’s proposal, net-metering would work differently for new solar customers. For every kilowatt-hour of electricity a solar customer sells PG&E, they’d be paid a lower, wholesale price instead of the retail price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New solar customers would also pay an added monthly fee. PG&E would take a customer’s highest electricity demand for any given month, which is the moment their home is drawing the most power. It ranges from 1 to 20 kw, but for an average customer, it’s between 3 and 4 kw. PG&E would then change $3 per kw, which means the monthly fees would range between $3 and $60 dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”IqdWrL5nQF9RNwfH5Gk2ajXuJaEoD66m”]The proposed changes would only apply to new solar customers, starting sometime late next year. Existing solar customers would be grandfathered into today’s net-metering system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric have each proposed similar charges for their customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solar Anxiety\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That argument can only come from a monopoly that’s used to selling every electron to every customer for the past one hundred years,” says Walker Wright of Sunrun, one of the largest solar companies in California. “What rooftop solar represents is the first true form of competition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright says you don’t have to look far to see how new solar fees would harm the industry. A utility in Arizona recently started charging solar customers $50 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw a 95 percent drop in the applications for solar,” he said. “We saw absolute devastation in the market and it’s created a lot of anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright says PG&E’s proposal would make it uneconomical for many Californians to go solar. Plus, the system is more complicated, making it harder for customers to commit to solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t understand what your savings will be each month,” he says. “You can’t build a business around that and everything comes to a halt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright also says when PG&E calculates the financial shortfall it says solar customers are causing, it doesn’t consider the cost savings that solar customers are providing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They provide clean energy at a local level during the heat of day when that utility would otherwise have to buy power out in the desert and wheel it into where people live,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_394691\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 769px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/pge.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-394691\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/pge.jpg\" alt=\"A banner hanging outside PG&E's San Francisco headquarters.\" width=\"769\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/pge.jpg 769w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/pge-400x296.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banner hanging outside PG&E’s San Francisco headquarters. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PG&E contends that solar will continue to grow under the net-metering changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think solar has made great cost reductions and can accommodate paying more of their own way towards helping contribute to the grid,” said Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators at the California Public Utilities Commission will ultimately decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No state is more committed to encouraging solar than California,” said Governor Jerry Brown in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And the Public Utilities Commission is filled with people who share that commitment,” Brown continued. “So, yes, we’re hearing a lot from the [solar] advocates but I would be very confident that the PUC will listen and will get to the right answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Utility Shake-Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These questions are very big and both parties have a point,” said Brian Chin, who analyses utilities for Merrill Lynch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin says it just shows how solar is shaking up electric utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You look at the business model and you can’t help but go the business model has to change in the next fifteen years in some way, shape or form,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators at the California Public Utilities Commission are expected to release their proposal for what solar customers will pay by the end of the month. Whatever California decides, the precedent regulators set could spread nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "This winter, solar companies and utilities are headed for a showdown. The question is, should homeowners who have rooftop solar pay more to help maintain the power grid?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This winter, solar companies and utilities are headed for a showdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators will soon be deciding whether Californians installing solar panels will have to pay new monthly fees to their utility, including PG&E and the state’s two other major utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate, years in the making, was sparked by something that’s been troubling the utility sector: as more Californians make their own power, electric utilities are bringing in less money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the growth of solar in the state has exploded. PG&E estimates that it hooks up a new solar system to the grid every seven minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solar Incentives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At stake is a core incentive that solar customers rely on: a policy known as “\u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/energy/DistGen/netmetering.htm\">net-energy metering\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When homeowners like Matt Brown decide to install solar, they’re usually looking at the bottom line. When Brown bought panels for his Oakland home earlier this year, he calculated that he’d start saving money in five or six years because of net-metering.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘No state is more committed to encouraging solar than California.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite> Governor Jerry Brown \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I think that was one of the most important things for us,” Brown says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s how it works: in the evening, when Brown is getting dinner ready for his two young sons, he’s using plenty of electricity to power his lights and appliances. Since it’s dark out, his solar panels aren’t producing and he has to buy that electricity from PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his utility bill isn’t as high as you might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we’re projected basically to have a zero bill,” Brown says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because during the day, when it’s sunny and Brown’s panels are cranking out electricity, he sells the extra back to PG&E, at the same price he buys it from the company. So the power he sells cancels out the power he buys, keeping his monthly utility bill low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Utility Shortfall\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those low bills have been raising red flags in California, where the solar market is the largest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is going to be a challenge for the utility,” says Aaron Johnson, a vice president at PG&E. “How do we accommodate all that solar? How do we incorporate it into the grid?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E’s territory, running from Bakersfield nearly to the Oregon border, is home to a quarter of all the rooftop solar systems in the country. Johnson says the wires and substations that make up today’s electric grid may not be up to the task of moving so much power both into and out of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Solar_Grid@620px_credit.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-401829\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Solar_Grid@620px_credit.jpg\" alt=\"Solar_Grid@620px_credit\" width=\"620\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Solar_Grid@620px_credit.jpg 620w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/Solar_Grid@620px_credit-400x247.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to need a grid that can accommodate these two-way power flows,” he says. “It wasn’t originally designed to do that. And as we begin to build that modern, 21st century grid, everyone is going to have to contribute to that. And we think solar customers need to contribute to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says with their low bills, solar customers aren’t contributing enough to upgrade the power grid. That’s creating a shortfall that, according to PG&E, will reach up to $3 billion annually within a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly growing and will continue to grow significantly if we don’t look at a different model for solar going forward,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under PG&E’s proposal, net-metering would work differently for new solar customers. For every kilowatt-hour of electricity a solar customer sells PG&E, they’d be paid a lower, wholesale price instead of the retail price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New solar customers would also pay an added monthly fee. PG&E would take a customer’s highest electricity demand for any given month, which is the moment their home is drawing the most power. It ranges from 1 to 20 kw, but for an average customer, it’s between 3 and 4 kw. PG&E would then change $3 per kw, which means the monthly fees would range between $3 and $60 dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The proposed changes would only apply to new solar customers, starting sometime late next year. Existing solar customers would be grandfathered into today’s net-metering system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California Edison and San Diego Gas & Electric have each proposed similar charges for their customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solar Anxiety\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That argument can only come from a monopoly that’s used to selling every electron to every customer for the past one hundred years,” says Walker Wright of Sunrun, one of the largest solar companies in California. “What rooftop solar represents is the first true form of competition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright says you don’t have to look far to see how new solar fees would harm the industry. A utility in Arizona recently started charging solar customers $50 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw a 95 percent drop in the applications for solar,” he said. “We saw absolute devastation in the market and it’s created a lot of anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright says PG&E’s proposal would make it uneconomical for many Californians to go solar. Plus, the system is more complicated, making it harder for customers to commit to solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t understand what your savings will be each month,” he says. “You can’t build a business around that and everything comes to a halt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright also says when PG&E calculates the financial shortfall it says solar customers are causing, it doesn’t consider the cost savings that solar customers are providing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They provide clean energy at a local level during the heat of day when that utility would otherwise have to buy power out in the desert and wheel it into where people live,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_394691\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 769px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/pge.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-394691\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/pge.jpg\" alt=\"A banner hanging outside PG&E's San Francisco headquarters.\" width=\"769\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/pge.jpg 769w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/pge-400x296.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 769px) 100vw, 769px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A banner hanging outside PG&E’s San Francisco headquarters. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>PG&E contends that solar will continue to grow under the net-metering changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think solar has made great cost reductions and can accommodate paying more of their own way towards helping contribute to the grid,” said Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators at the California Public Utilities Commission will ultimately decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No state is more committed to encouraging solar than California,” said Governor Jerry Brown in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And the Public Utilities Commission is filled with people who share that commitment,” Brown continued. “So, yes, we’re hearing a lot from the [solar] advocates but I would be very confident that the PUC will listen and will get to the right answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Utility Shake-Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These questions are very big and both parties have a point,” said Brian Chin, who analyses utilities for Merrill Lynch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin says it just shows how solar is shaking up electric utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You look at the business model and you can’t help but go the business model has to change in the next fifteen years in some way, shape or form,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Brown's Climate Quest: The California Governor's Big Footprint in Paris",
"headTitle": "Brown’s Climate Quest: The California Governor’s Big Footprint in Paris | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Carbon accounting aside, Governor Jerry Brown is leaving an outsize personal footprint in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite cutting a day off the front of his trip, in order to travel to the site of this week’s San Bernardino shootings, the California governor is devoting nearly a week to the U.N. \u003ca href=\"http://mashable.com/2015/11/25/paris-climate-conference-cop21/#dJnJw3xGskqp\">climate talks, known as COP21.\u003c/a> Brown plans to participate in an array of events through Wednesday, ranging from keynote remarks to a signing ceremony for his pet project, the subnational climate agreement known as the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\">Under 2 MOU\u003c/a>. While California is not a nation-state and hence not an official party to the negotiations, it’s widely accepted that the Golden State maintains a high profile on the transnational climate scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We are filling quite a void because the Republican Congress and all of the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial.’\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Brown expanded a prior commitment to hasten \u003ca href=\"http://zevalliance.org\">conversion of cars to “zero-emission vehicles,”\u003c/a> or ZEVs. A dozen North American and European governments now join California in pledging that they will “strive to make all passenger vehicle sales in our jurisdictions ZEVs as fast as possible and no later than 2050.” California currently has 24 million registered autos — about two for every household in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to his departure for Paris, the governor talked with KQED’s Lauren Sommer about his hopes for the conference and what California can bring to the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sommer: What do you hope to accomplish in Paris?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brown:\u003c/strong> My intention is to join with other states and provinces and even countries that are pushing for a real solid response to the threat of climate change. I’ve worked with others to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/16/governor-brown-takes-climate-message-to-world-stage/\">develop our Under 2 MOU\u003c/a>. And that says, for all the signatories [now nearly 60 different states and provinces and a few countries] that the signatory will do whatever it takes to keep temperature within the two-degree centigrade target of the U.N. Panel on Climate Change. And in the alternative, the goal will be by 2050 to emit no more than two tons [of CO2-equivalent greenhouse gases] per person, which requires radical change and heroic effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Why not just leave this work to the United Nations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well, the national governments have been a bit timid to say the least. Whereas the states and provinces like Quebec and Ontario or British Columbia, Washington, Oregon — a lot of places are ready to commit themselves to keeping the temperature below two degrees centigrade, and take whatever steps are necessary to achieve that goal. That’s more than the nation-states. They’re far more modest in their commitments, so we have to light the fire, if I could use that metaphor for climate change. We are filling quite a void because the Republican congress and all of the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial, despite the vast, overwhelming scientific consensus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_394516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-394516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-800x1200.jpg\" alt='In the run-up to the Paris climate talks, the Alternatiba association organized a \"Village of Alternatives\" for the environment and the climate, over the weekend of Sept. 26-27. This t-shirt advocates legal rights for Earth.' width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-400x600.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the run-up to the Paris climate talks, the Alternatiba association organized a “Village of Alternatives” for the environment and the climate, over the weekend of Sept. 26-27. This t-shirt advocates legal rights for Earth. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/philippeleroyer/21562946249/in/album-72157659162608545/\" target=\"_blank\">philippe leroyer/flickr Creative Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: What cues can other places take from California? Why should they listen to us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> We have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/28/california-leads-on-climate-policy-but-also-greenhouse-gases/\">an aggressive, integrated program\u003c/a> to curb greenhouse gases and our economy is growing faster than the national average, so we’re demonstrating both that innovation comes from these environmental efforts: the achievement of reducing greenhouse gases and the generation of new industries, new jobs and aggregate growth in our gross domestic product exceeding that of the nation as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: So, do you see yourself and this state as a force pushing the nation toward climate action?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> It doesn’t quite work that way. But as we know, in Silicon Valley or even in Hollywood, California does set trends. And we are deeply and measurably \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/?page_id=146\">committed to a sequence of actions\u003c/a>, which we’re taking. And as we prove that those are not only consistent with economic prosperity but foster it, I believe we’ll get takers, we’ll get people who say, ‘Well yeah, maybe that makes sense.’ And we can give the lie to the [climate science] denialists — which by the way are not only absolutely dominant in the Republican party but are evident in the Wall Street Journal and and other publications that spew the same kind of … false scientific statements that we saw in the tobacco industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Your critics say that Californians are bearing the brunt of our climate policies when the state clearly can’t solve climate change alone.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well you say ‘bearing the brunt.’ If the world and therefore United States goes beyond the 2-degree centigrade, sea level rise, extreme weather events, drought, extreme heat — there is real catastrophe on the way. There’s a big risk here. And people say, ‘go it alone’ — somebody has to wake up the country and those parts of the world that are blind to the real danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Eighty percent of Californians consider the changing climate to be a ‘very serious problem,’ though fully a third of Republican respondents said it’s not a problem at all.\u003ccite>Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The migration that is undermining Europe and is destabilizing governments from Germany to Spain is, in part — well, it’s certainly due to all the turmoil. But some of the turmoil is due to famine and drought along with the military threat. So we’re getting an early preview of a warmed planet. And we know that people in Africa and the Middle East — it will get so hot that won’t even be livable. And we’re talking well within the lifetime of most people listening to this show. So this is an imperative. And the fact that the oil companies and the coal companies can silence and censor the entire Republican Party and a number of other sources of power, that doesn’t make it that they are right. They are wrong and we know that. This is real stuff. Now, it may be 30 or 40 years away, but we know there is a threat. We know we can do something about it. And for the most part, we have not yet risen to the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Speaking of rising to occasion, where does China fit into this picture? It’s the world’s largest CO2 producer by far. It seems that no progress is possible without major changes there, no matter what we do in California.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well, in many ways China is showing more concerted effort than many other countries. China has a commitment; they’re building huge amounts of renewable energy. They’ve worked with the state of California to develop their cap-and-trade system, their monitoring of pollution. Now they’ve got to go faster, they’ve got to keep their resolve. But it isn’t clear that the leadership in China isn’t more unified and and more determined in their commitment than our leadership. Just looking at the two countries, China’s got a long way to go but they are putting us to shame in some respects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Authors:\u003c/strong> Recent polling would appear to support Brown’s climate quest. A new survey from the nonpartisan Public Policy Institute of California found that 80 percent of Californians consider the changing climate to be a “very serious problem” (though fully a third of Republican respondents said it’s not a problem at all). And nearly half of respondents (45 percent) said the state’s climate actions would encourage job growth, whereas 19 percent said they would cost jobs.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\"Somebody has to wake up the country,\" says California's governor, bound for climate talks in Paris, \"and those parts of the world that are blind to the real danger.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Carbon accounting aside, Governor Jerry Brown is leaving an outsize personal footprint in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite cutting a day off the front of his trip, in order to travel to the site of this week’s San Bernardino shootings, the California governor is devoting nearly a week to the U.N. \u003ca href=\"http://mashable.com/2015/11/25/paris-climate-conference-cop21/#dJnJw3xGskqp\">climate talks, known as COP21.\u003c/a> Brown plans to participate in an array of events through Wednesday, ranging from keynote remarks to a signing ceremony for his pet project, the subnational climate agreement known as the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\">Under 2 MOU\u003c/a>. While California is not a nation-state and hence not an official party to the negotiations, it’s widely accepted that the Golden State maintains a high profile on the transnational climate scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We are filling quite a void because the Republican Congress and all of the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial.’\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, Brown expanded a prior commitment to hasten \u003ca href=\"http://zevalliance.org\">conversion of cars to “zero-emission vehicles,”\u003c/a> or ZEVs. A dozen North American and European governments now join California in pledging that they will “strive to make all passenger vehicle sales in our jurisdictions ZEVs as fast as possible and no later than 2050.” California currently has 24 million registered autos — about two for every household in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to his departure for Paris, the governor talked with KQED’s Lauren Sommer about his hopes for the conference and what California can bring to the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sommer: What do you hope to accomplish in Paris?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brown:\u003c/strong> My intention is to join with other states and provinces and even countries that are pushing for a real solid response to the threat of climate change. I’ve worked with others to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/16/governor-brown-takes-climate-message-to-world-stage/\">develop our Under 2 MOU\u003c/a>. And that says, for all the signatories [now nearly 60 different states and provinces and a few countries] that the signatory will do whatever it takes to keep temperature within the two-degree centigrade target of the U.N. Panel on Climate Change. And in the alternative, the goal will be by 2050 to emit no more than two tons [of CO2-equivalent greenhouse gases] per person, which requires radical change and heroic effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Why not just leave this work to the United Nations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well, the national governments have been a bit timid to say the least. Whereas the states and provinces like Quebec and Ontario or British Columbia, Washington, Oregon — a lot of places are ready to commit themselves to keeping the temperature below two degrees centigrade, and take whatever steps are necessary to achieve that goal. That’s more than the nation-states. They’re far more modest in their commitments, so we have to light the fire, if I could use that metaphor for climate change. We are filling quite a void because the Republican congress and all of the Republican candidates are in a very deep state of denial, despite the vast, overwhelming scientific consensus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_394516\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-394516\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-800x1200.jpg\" alt='In the run-up to the Paris climate talks, the Alternatiba association organized a \"Village of Alternatives\" for the environment and the climate, over the weekend of Sept. 26-27. This t-shirt advocates legal rights for Earth.' width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-400x600.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/21562946249_82085d2126_k.jpg 1365w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the run-up to the Paris climate talks, the Alternatiba association organized a “Village of Alternatives” for the environment and the climate, over the weekend of Sept. 26-27. This t-shirt advocates legal rights for Earth. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/philippeleroyer/21562946249/in/album-72157659162608545/\" target=\"_blank\">philippe leroyer/flickr Creative Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: What cues can other places take from California? Why should they listen to us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> We have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/28/california-leads-on-climate-policy-but-also-greenhouse-gases/\">an aggressive, integrated program\u003c/a> to curb greenhouse gases and our economy is growing faster than the national average, so we’re demonstrating both that innovation comes from these environmental efforts: the achievement of reducing greenhouse gases and the generation of new industries, new jobs and aggregate growth in our gross domestic product exceeding that of the nation as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: So, do you see yourself and this state as a force pushing the nation toward climate action?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> It doesn’t quite work that way. But as we know, in Silicon Valley or even in Hollywood, California does set trends. And we are deeply and measurably \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/?page_id=146\">committed to a sequence of actions\u003c/a>, which we’re taking. And as we prove that those are not only consistent with economic prosperity but foster it, I believe we’ll get takers, we’ll get people who say, ‘Well yeah, maybe that makes sense.’ And we can give the lie to the [climate science] denialists — which by the way are not only absolutely dominant in the Republican party but are evident in the Wall Street Journal and and other publications that spew the same kind of … false scientific statements that we saw in the tobacco industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Your critics say that Californians are bearing the brunt of our climate policies when the state clearly can’t solve climate change alone.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well you say ‘bearing the brunt.’ If the world and therefore United States goes beyond the 2-degree centigrade, sea level rise, extreme weather events, drought, extreme heat — there is real catastrophe on the way. There’s a big risk here. And people say, ‘go it alone’ — somebody has to wake up the country and those parts of the world that are blind to the real danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Eighty percent of Californians consider the changing climate to be a ‘very serious problem,’ though fully a third of Republican respondents said it’s not a problem at all.\u003ccite>Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The migration that is undermining Europe and is destabilizing governments from Germany to Spain is, in part — well, it’s certainly due to all the turmoil. But some of the turmoil is due to famine and drought along with the military threat. So we’re getting an early preview of a warmed planet. And we know that people in Africa and the Middle East — it will get so hot that won’t even be livable. And we’re talking well within the lifetime of most people listening to this show. So this is an imperative. And the fact that the oil companies and the coal companies can silence and censor the entire Republican Party and a number of other sources of power, that doesn’t make it that they are right. They are wrong and we know that. This is real stuff. Now, it may be 30 or 40 years away, but we know there is a threat. We know we can do something about it. And for the most part, we have not yet risen to the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LS: Speaking of rising to occasion, where does China fit into this picture? It’s the world’s largest CO2 producer by far. It seems that no progress is possible without major changes there, no matter what we do in California.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JB:\u003c/strong> Well, in many ways China is showing more concerted effort than many other countries. China has a commitment; they’re building huge amounts of renewable energy. They’ve worked with the state of California to develop their cap-and-trade system, their monitoring of pollution. Now they’ve got to go faster, they’ve got to keep their resolve. But it isn’t clear that the leadership in China isn’t more unified and and more determined in their commitment than our leadership. Just looking at the two countries, China’s got a long way to go but they are putting us to shame in some respects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Authors:\u003c/strong> Recent polling would appear to support Brown’s climate quest. A new survey from the nonpartisan Public Policy Institute of California found that 80 percent of Californians consider the changing climate to be a “very serious problem” (though fully a third of Republican respondents said it’s not a problem at all). And nearly half of respondents (45 percent) said the state’s climate actions would encourage job growth, whereas 19 percent said they would cost jobs.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Warm Temperatures Boost California Water Use in October",
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"content": "\u003cp>Heat is a brutal enemy to water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say the unusually high temperatures in October threw a wrench into water savings, the statewide conservation rate \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/conservation_reporting.shtml\">slipping to 22.2 percent\u003c/a>, measured against the same month in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/30/whos-saving-water-in-california-and-who-isnt/\"> first time in five months\u003c/a> that urban water savings statewide fell short of Governor Jerry Brown’s 25 percent conservation mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/51882dbc-988a-11e5-997b-0e31c9be1b51/embed_map\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Hover over the colored dots to see how individual water agencies are performing under the state’s assigned conservation quotas.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the state’s top water regulator called it “pretty good news.” \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/23/a-candid-conversation-with-californias-water-czar/\">Felicia Marcus\u003c/a>, whose State Water Resources Control Board oversees conservation efforts says she’s “relieved,” given how much worse the numbers could’ve been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water board staff scientist Katy Landau called October, “a bit of an odd month,” wetter than October in the base year of 2013, but also 7 degrees warmer on average, statewide. The warmer the weather, the harder it is for homeowners and businesses to resist starting up the sprinklers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, however, records supplied by more than 400 water suppliers around the state show that California is on track, with unprecedented water restrictions having reduced cumulative water consumption by 27.1 percent, still ahead of Brown’s 25 statewide mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/SWB_OctConservationGraph.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-388675\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/SWB_OctConservationGraph-800x581.png\" alt=\"Graph showing monthly water conservation rates statewide\" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/SWB_OctConservationGraph-800x581.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/SWB_OctConservationGraph-400x291.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/SWB_OctConservationGraph-960x697.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2015/12/SWB_OctConservationGraph.png 1013w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nIn Northern California, water agencies in Contra Costa County, Pleasanton and Livermore were lauded by regulators as standout performers, all being at least 10 percent ahead of the conservation quotas assigned to them by state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the five months that the mandatory conservation program has been in place, Landau says that Californians have managed to save a volume of water large enough to supply one year’s worth of the residential needs of San Diego and Sacramento Counties combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”nti1doHK50gyPLQ4c5jMeY2dfAKxbkke”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators have sent “conservation orders” to some laggard agencies. Among those, Landau says most have shown improvement, but eight out of nine are still falling short of their assigned savings marks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeping array of emergency drought restrictions that Brown put in place in the spring, run through February, though they can be extended “if drought conditions persist” through January. Marcus says, “They will,” regardless of how much precipitation the state gets in the meantime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As if to underscore the point, on Tuesday officials told cities and farms served by the State Water Project to expect 10 percent of their hoped-for water deliveries this coming year. This is only the “initial allocation,” and could well be revised upward if California has the wet winter that’s been predicted.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Heat is a brutal enemy to water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say the unusually high temperatures in October threw a wrench into water savings, the statewide conservation rate \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/conservation_reporting.shtml\">slipping to 22.2 percent\u003c/a>, measured against the same month in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/30/whos-saving-water-in-california-and-who-isnt/\"> first time in five months\u003c/a> that urban water savings statewide fell short of Governor Jerry Brown’s 25 percent conservation mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"800\" scrolling=\"no\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/51882dbc-988a-11e5-997b-0e31c9be1b51/embed_map\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Hover over the colored dots to see how individual water agencies are performing under the state’s assigned conservation quotas.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the state’s top water regulator called it “pretty good news.” \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/23/a-candid-conversation-with-californias-water-czar/\">Felicia Marcus\u003c/a>, whose State Water Resources Control Board oversees conservation efforts says she’s “relieved,” given how much worse the numbers could’ve been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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