window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_622458": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_622458",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "622458",
"found": true
},
"parent": 622359,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2-1024x576.jpg",
"width": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2-400x266.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 266
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2-960x638.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 638
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2.jpg",
"width": 1024,
"height": 681
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2-800x532.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 532
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2-768x511.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 511
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/jc_boyle2-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459989587,
"modified": 1459991045,
"caption": "The J.C. Boyle Dam in Oregon, just north of the California border. It's one of four dams that would be removed from the Klamath River under agreements signed Wednesday in a ceremony at the mouth of the river, on the Northern California coast. \n",
"description": null,
"title": "klamath river",
"credit": "Amelia Templeton/Oregon Public Broadcasting",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_620612": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_620612",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "620612",
"found": true
},
"parent": 620606,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-960x641.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 641
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1335
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-1440x961.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 961
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-1920x1282.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1282
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-1180x788.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-768x513.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 513
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/purple-hydrant-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459918599,
"modified": 1459918616,
"caption": "A purple colored hydrant designates a recycled water fill station in Mountain View, California.",
"description": null,
"title": "purple hydrant",
"credit": "Tara Lohan",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_619601": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_619601",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "619601",
"found": true
},
"parent": 619596,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 2000
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-1440x960.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/RS949_DoctorandPatient20110204-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459878126,
"modified": 1459878220,
"caption": "Emlyn Louis, MD speaks with Julia Herrera at the Broward Community & Family Health Center in Pompano Beach, Florida. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Government Recovery Act Funds South Florida Low-Income Health Clinics",
"credit": "Joe Raedle/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_617480": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_617480",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "617480",
"found": true
},
"parent": 617298,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-400x265.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 265
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-960x636.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 636
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371.jpg",
"width": 1500,
"height": 994
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-1440x954.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 954
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-800x530.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 530
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-1180x782.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 782
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-768x509.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 509
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/JRC_irrigation_lawn-6371-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459795467,
"modified": 1459795945,
"caption": "Sprinklers on a Bakersfield lawn. The city saved 17.7 percent in February compared to February 2013.",
"description": null,
"title": "Sprinklers spread water on residential lawns in the morning.",
"credit": "John Chacon/California Department of Water Resources",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_610114": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_610114",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "610114",
"found": true
},
"parent": 610026,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-400x198.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 198
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-960x476.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 476
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 952
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-1440x714.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 714
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-800x397.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 397
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-1920x952.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 952
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-1180x585.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 585
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-768x381.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 381
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-6-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459491744,
"modified": 1459491794,
"caption": "Some solar farms, like this Recurrent Energy project in Kern County, are being turned off on sunny days.",
"description": null,
"title": "Recurrent-Energy_Columbia-3-(6)",
"credit": "Recurrent Energy",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_611249": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_611249",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "611249",
"found": true
},
"parent": 611159,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-400x217.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 217
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-960x521.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 521
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large.jpg",
"width": 3010,
"height": 1633
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-1440x781.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 781
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-800x434.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 434
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-1920x1042.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1042
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-1180x640.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-768x417.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 417
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/iStock_000061802238_Large-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459541304,
"modified": 1459541320,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_605411": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_605411",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "605411",
"found": true
},
"parent": 605319,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/IMG004469-br500-400x264.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 264
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/IMG004469-br500.jpg",
"width": 500,
"height": 330
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/IMG004469-br500-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/IMG004469-br500-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/IMG004469-br500-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/IMG004469-br500-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/IMG004469-br500-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459287338,
"modified": 1459287378,
"caption": "Artist concept of Titan's interior layers, its subsurface liquid water ocean shown in blue. ",
"description": "Artist concept of Titan's interior layers, its subsurface liquid water ocean shown in blue. ",
"title": "IMG004469-br500",
"credit": "A. D. Fortes/UCL/STFC",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_607284": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_607284",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "607284",
"found": true
},
"parent": 605654,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-400x266.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 266
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-960x639.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 639
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984.jpg",
"width": 4672,
"height": 3110
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-1440x959.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 959
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-1920x1278.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1278
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-1180x785.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 785
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-768x511.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 511
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459368961,
"modified": 1459369059,
"caption": "Frank Gehrke, Chief Snow Surveyor for the Department of Water Resources, sinks a Mt. Rose gauge into the snow to measure its water content.",
"description": "Frank Gehrke, Chief Snow Surveyor for the Department of Water Resources, sinks a Mt. Rose gauge into the snow to measure its water content.",
"title": "KG_4th_snow_survey_2016_7984",
"credit": "California Dept. of Water Resources",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_606858": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_606858",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "606858",
"found": true
},
"parent": 606852,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/RS18297_GettyImages-505256470-sfi-400x268.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 268
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/RS18297_GettyImages-505256470-sfi.jpg",
"width": 537,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/RS18297_GettyImages-505256470-sfi-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/RS18297_GettyImages-505256470-sfi-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/RS18297_GettyImages-505256470-sfi-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/RS18297_GettyImages-505256470-sfi-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/RS18297_GettyImages-505256470-sfi-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459353183,
"modified": 1459353435,
"caption": "In January, people attend a public hearing in Granada Hills, California after the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility began spewing methane.",
"description": null,
"title": "RS18297_GettyImages-505256470-sfi",
"credit": "David McNew",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_605074": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_605074",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "605074",
"found": true
},
"parent": 605069,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/nissan-leaf-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/nissan-leaf.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/nissan-leaf-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/nissan-leaf-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/nissan-leaf-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/nissan-leaf-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/nissan-leaf-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459272522,
"modified": 1459272597,
"caption": "A 2012 model of the the all-electric Nissan Leaf.",
"description": null,
"title": "nissan leaf",
"credit": "Josh Cassidy/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_604987": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_604987",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "604987",
"found": true
},
"parent": 604976,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-1038x576.jpeg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-400x267.jpeg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-960x640.jpeg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-672x372.jpeg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res.jpeg",
"width": 5760,
"height": 3840
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-1440x960.jpeg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-96x96.jpeg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-800x533.jpeg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-64x64.jpeg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-32x32.jpeg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-1920x1280.jpeg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-1180x787.jpeg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-75x75.jpeg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-768x512.jpeg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/sea-ice-high-res-128x128.jpeg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459271059,
"modified": 1459271119,
"caption": "This photograph from a March 27, 2015 NASA IceBridge flight shows a mixture of deformed, snow-covered, first-year sea ice floes, interspersed by open-water leads, brash ice and thin, snow-free nilas and young sea ice over the East Beaufort Sea. Nilas are thin sheets of smooth, level ice less than 10 centimeters (4 inches) thick and appear darkest when thin. ",
"description": null,
"title": "sea ice high res",
"credit": "NASA/Operation Ice Bridge.",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_603223": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_603223",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "603223",
"found": true
},
"parent": 603140,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/kentucky-grass-e1459189412665-400x245.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 245
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/kentucky-grass-e1459189412665-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/kentucky-grass-e1459189412665.jpg",
"width": 719,
"height": 440
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/kentucky-grass-e1459189412665-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/kentucky-grass-e1459189412665-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/kentucky-grass-e1459189412665-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/kentucky-grass-e1459189412665-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/kentucky-grass-e1459189412665-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1459189363,
"modified": 1459189380,
"caption": "Drought-stressed corn at the western border of Kentucky and Tennessee during the widespread drought of 2012.\n",
"description": null,
"title": "kentucky grass",
"credit": "CraneStation/flickr",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_622359": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_622359",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_622359",
"name": "\u003cstrong>Oregon Public Broadcasting\u003c/strong>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_620606": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_620606",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_620606",
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.taralohan.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\">Tara Lohan\u003c/a>,\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_619596": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_619596",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_619596",
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/content/seth-borenstein\" target=\"_blank\">Seth Borenstein\u003c/a>,\u003c/br> \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Associated Press\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_611159": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_611159",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_611159",
"name": "\u003cstrong>Daniel Swain, Stanford University\u003c/strong>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_606852": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_606852",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_606852",
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/content/michael-biesecker\">Michael Biesecker\u003c/a>\u003cbr> Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_605069": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_605069",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_605069",
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/meghan-mccarty\">Meghan McCarty\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_604976": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_604976",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_604976",
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/what-we-do/people/andrea-thompson\">Andrea Thompson\u003c/a>,Climate Central",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_603140": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_603140",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_603140",
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/what-we-do/people/andrea-thompson\">Andrea Thompson\u003c/a>, Climate Central",
"isLoading": false
},
"cmiller": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "221",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "221",
"found": true
},
"name": "Craig Miller",
"firstName": "Craig",
"lastName": "Miller",
"slug": "cmiller",
"email": "craig@voxterra.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"bio": "Craig is a former KQED Science editor, specializing in weather, climate, water & energy issues, with a little seismology thrown in just to shake things up. Prior to that, he launched and led the station's award-winning multimedia project, Climate Watch. Craig is also an accomplished writer/producer of television documentaries, with a focus on natural resource issues.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "voxterra",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Craig Miller | KQED",
"description": "Editor Emeritus, Science",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b91661df645e001a9cafe0861fa685f9?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/cmiller"
},
"laurensommer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "239",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "239",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lauren Sommer",
"firstName": "Lauren",
"lastName": "Sommer",
"slug": "laurensommer",
"email": "lsommer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor",
"manage_content_types",
"manage_taxonomies"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lauren Sommer | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laurensommer"
},
"lindseyhoshaw": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "5432",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "5432",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lindsey Hoshaw",
"firstName": "Lindsey",
"lastName": "Hoshaw",
"slug": "lindseyhoshaw",
"email": "lhoshaw@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lindsey Hoshaw is a former interactive producer for KQED Science. Before joining KQED, Lindsey was a science correspondent for The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Forbes and Scientific American. On Twitter @lindseyhoshaw",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twitter": "lindseyhoshaw",
"facebook": "lindsey.hoshaw.9",
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "bayareabites",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"edit_theme_options",
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"edit_post_subscriptions",
"edit_usergroups",
"unfiltered_html",
"unfiltered_upload",
"leadcoordinator",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lindsey Hoshaw | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/274b07694c998eaa8f26cfabaa941186?s=600&d=mm&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lindseyhoshaw"
},
"ben-burress": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6180",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6180",
"found": true
},
"name": "Ben Burress",
"firstName": "Ben",
"lastName": "Burress",
"slug": "ben-burress",
"email": "bburress@chabotspace.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "\u003cstrong>Benjamin Burress\u003c/strong> has been a staff astronomer at Chabot Space & Science Center since July 1999. He graduated from Sonoma State University in 1985 with a bachelor’s degree in physics (and minor in astronomy), after which he signed on for a two-year stint in the Peace Corps, where he taught physics and mathematics in the African nation of Cameroon. From 1989-96 he served on the crew of NASA’s Kuiper Airborne Observatory at Ames Research Center in Mountain View, CA. From 1996-99, he was Head Observer at the Naval Prototype Optical Interferometer program at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, AZ.\r\n\r\nRead his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/ben-burress/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Ben Burress | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/8263bffa345b7e4923a0b8b9f0f6a161?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/ben-burress"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_news": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"score": 10.814515
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "News",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 231
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=news",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 231
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_622359": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_622359",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "622359",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459990056000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459990056,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Historic Agreements Would Take Down Four Dams on the Klamath River",
"headTitle": "Historic Agreements Would Take Down Four Dams on the Klamath River | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Governors of California and Oregon joined Interior Secretary Sally Jewell today at the mouth of the Klamath River in Northern California to sign agreements that are expected to lead to the removal of four hydroelectric dams and the restoration of salmon and steelhead runs over 300 miles of river habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OPB reporter Jes Burns \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/historic-klamath-dam-removal-gets-a-second-chance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote about the deal\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Supporters of a resolution to one of the West’s most protracted water wars made their way to a remote location on Northern California coast to witness the signing of two major agreements Wednesday that could make history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new deals move the region a big step closer to the removal of four dams on the Klamath River, which runs through Southern Oregon and Northern California. It also ensures that farmers will not be financially responsible for restoration of salmon runs once the dams are gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Gov. Brown expressed optimism that the agreements signed Wednesday would have a lasting impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The end goal here is the river, the fish and the sustainability. Not for the next election cycle but for eons and thousands of years. That’s the significance here,” he said. “We’re starting to get it right after so many years of getting it wrong. What a beautiful day.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 228,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 9
},
"modified": 1704930393,
"excerpt": "The agreements end a decades-long dispute and aim to open hundreds of miles of river for restored salmon runs.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The agreements end a decades-long dispute and aim to open hundreds of miles of river for restored salmon runs.",
"title": "Historic Agreements Would Take Down Four Dams on the Klamath River | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Historic Agreements Would Take Down Four Dams on the Klamath River",
"datePublished": "2016-04-06T17:47:36-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:46:33-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "historic-agreements-would-take-down-four-dams-on-the-klamath-river",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Oregon Public Broadcasting\u003c/strong>",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Oregon Public Broadcasting",
"path": "/science/622359/historic-agreements-would-take-down-four-dams-on-the-klamath-river",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Governors of California and Oregon joined Interior Secretary Sally Jewell today at the mouth of the Klamath River in Northern California to sign agreements that are expected to lead to the removal of four hydroelectric dams and the restoration of salmon and steelhead runs over 300 miles of river habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OPB reporter Jes Burns \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/historic-klamath-dam-removal-gets-a-second-chance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote about the deal\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Supporters of a resolution to one of the West’s most protracted water wars made their way to a remote location on Northern California coast to witness the signing of two major agreements Wednesday that could make history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new deals move the region a big step closer to the removal of four dams on the Klamath River, which runs through Southern Oregon and Northern California. It also ensures that farmers will not be financially responsible for restoration of salmon runs once the dams are gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Gov. Brown expressed optimism that the agreements signed Wednesday would have a lasting impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The end goal here is the river, the fish and the sustainability. Not for the next election cycle but for eons and thousands of years. That’s the significance here,” he said. “We’re starting to get it right after so many years of getting it wrong. What a beautiful day.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/622359/historic-agreements-would-take-down-four-dams-on-the-klamath-river",
"authors": [
"byline_science_622359"
],
"categories": [
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1195",
"science_247"
],
"featImg": "science_622458",
"label": "source_science_622359"
},
"science_620606": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_620606",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "620606",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459947609000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459947609,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Wastewater Becomes a Resource in Silicon Valley",
"headTitle": "Wastewater Becomes a Resource in Silicon Valley | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Despite a much wetter winter than the last several, California is still mired in drought, according to scientists and policymakers. But if you ask architect Bill Worthen of \u003ca href=\"http://urbanfabrick.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Urban Fabrick\u003c/a>, there is plenty of water in the state of California. “It’s just not where we want it, when we want it, in the form we want it,” he said. “To me, as an architect, that’s a classic design problem and that’s also a huge opportunity to think about how we can reuse and rethink water in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”8q39TbELLYztF2vbp510TvKVa6Tjgyix”]Worthen recently spoke at a gathering of building and design professionals interested in water reuse in Silicon Valley. “Our opportunity here is to think about how we can stop the insanity of using water once as it comes out of our tap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept of reusing water in Silicon Valley is not new. There are more than 150 miles (240km) of purple pipes – the designated color for pipes carrying recycled water. Some cities have incentives to encourage water reuse in homes and an “advanced water purification center” in San Jose is able to treat wastewater to drinking water standards – yet the region still has an incredible amount of untapped potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, most residents are still flushing their toilets with pristine water. “Future generations are going to look at us like we’re insane that we used drinking water to flush poop,” said Gil Friend, chief sustainability officer for the City of Palo Alto. “Who could possibly have thought of something so stupid? But here we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s drought, now in its fifth year, has highlighted the need to conserve water and increase efficiency. And slowly gaining more attention is the idea to match water quality to water need. More than half the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/articles/2016/02/9693/reliable-silicon-valley-water-sources/\" rel=\"external\">water supply\u003c/a> for Silicon Valley is imported, originating in the Sierra Nevada mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does it all need to be the cleanest, safest drinking supply known to mankind or can some of it actually not be that clean?” asks Josiah Cain, a landscape architect at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sherwoodengineers.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Sherwood Design Engineers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Opportunity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer is actually that we don’t always need pristine drinking water to meet a lot of our water supply requirements. We certainly don’t need it to flush our toilets. For a typical office building, 95 percent of the water used could come from nonpotable sources, says Worthen. This means that almost all the water used in an office building goes to irrigation, heating and cooling systems, and to flushing toilets and urinals. In a multiunit residential building, the number is 50 percent – much lower, but still significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arid California will undoubtedly face future droughts and climate change modeling indicates that these may be longer and more severe, and that the timing and amount of crucial snowpack will change, affecting the availability of water when it’s needed most in hot summer months. All of which means that finding new ways to augment water supply is becoming a priority that extends beyond the current water crunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/ca-water-supply-solutions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">report\u003c/a>, the Pacific Institute, a global water think tank, found that California had significant potential to increase water reuse and capture stormwater. “Traditional supply options are tapped out,” the report found, adding that groundwater is overdrafted in many places and there are few options for creating new surface storage reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reuse creates a water supply that is both reliable and local. “It can also provide economic and environmental benefits by reducing energy use, diversions from rivers and streams, and pollution from wastewater discharges,” the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_620613\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1834px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-620613\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines.jpg\" alt=\"Purple lines indicate the pipelines of the recycled water systems stretching through multiple cities in Santa Clara County. \" width=\"1834\" height=\"1464\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines.jpg 1834w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-400x319.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-800x639.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-768x613.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-1440x1149.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-1180x942.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-960x766.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1834px) 100vw, 1834px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purple lines indicate the pipelines of the recycled water systems stretching through multiple cities in Santa Clara County. \u003ccite>(Sustainable Silicon Valley and Saskia Fagan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beyond what’s already being done there is another 1.2 million to 1.8 million acre-feet (1.4 to 2.2 billion cubic meters) per year potential to expand water reuse in the state, especially in coastal areas, the Pacific Institute reported. And in the San Francisco Bay Area and Southern California cities, capturing stormwater could reduce flooding and boost water supplies by 420,000 to 630,000 acre-feet or more annually. For comparison, an average California home uses 0.5–1 acre-foot a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are other reasons, too. Researchers from UCLA found that there are \u003ca href=\"http://ph.ucla.edu/news/press-release/2016/mar/expanding-use-recycled-water-would-benefit-environment-and-human-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">health benefits\u003c/a>from using recycled water because it supports the maintenance of green spaces, can decrease air pollution and can lower greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Reuse in Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley has gotten a jump on water reuse, but still has a long way to go before it’s widespread at either the home, business or municipal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Hackler, founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.baymaples.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Bay Maples\u003c/a> landscaping company, got a good sense in the last year of how popular water reuse is becoming. Hackler’s team installed 16 graywater systems and five rainwater catchment systems in homes in 2015 and held numerous workshops to teach the principles to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The easiest and most popular way to reuse water at home is for “laundry-to-landscape” systems, for which there is now a state code. These involve piping washing machine water to gardens for irrigation. Hackler also does graywater projects that use bathroom sink and shower water for irrigation, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, like Palo Alto, are helping to spur more water reuse in the home. Palo Alto’s building code requires new construction or large renovation projects to make homes laundry-to-landscape ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to water reuse at the home level, “There is a lot of interest in it, but the number of people who’ve actually done it is still fairly small,” said Phil Bobel, the deputy director of Public Works for Palo Alto. “It requires time, energy, you have to get a building permit and deal with our building department and all of that stuff. There are a lot things that slow you down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hackler has also found that the process isn’t always consistent from city to city – or the costs. A building department permit in one city may be $600 and in another it’s only $200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the biggest impact from recycled water currently comes from water reuse at the municipal level. And the biggest player in this is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/index.aspx?NID=1587\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">South Bay Water Recycling\u003c/a> program in San Jose, which provides nonpotable water via 143 miles (230km) of “purple pipes” to the City of Santa Clara, the City of Milpitas and two water retailers – San Jose Water Company and San Jose Municipal Water System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each day about 10 million gallons (40,000 cubic meters) of recycled water are piped from this system to 800 irrigation and industrial customers including Levi’s Stadium, Great America, McCarthy Ranch Shopping Center, Guadalupe Gardens, Intel and San Jose City Hall. The water is used in cooling towers and power plants, for toilet flushing in dual-plumbed buildings and for irrigating golf courses, street medians, college campuses, parks and other landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the water in the system is currently mixed with highly treated recycled water from the\u003ca href=\"http://purewater4u.org/advanced-water-treatment-facility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center\u003c/a>. It treats wastewater to drinking water standards, but the water so far is only permitted to be used for nonpotable purposes, although in the future it may be used to replenish groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides San Jose’s treatment plant, there are three others – in Gilroy/Morgan Hill, Sunnyvale and Palo Alto – that produce recycled water for purple pipe systems. Palo Alto’s biggest customer is next door in Mountain View’s north of Bayshore neighborhood, home to Google and other businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo County has some municipal water recycling, although not as much as Santa Clara County. Daly City’s North San Mateo County Sanitation District has been providing 1 million gallons (4,000 cubic meters) of recycled water per day to irrigate areas of Daly City as well as irrigating Harding Park and Fleming Park golf courses in San Francisco. And nearby, the Pacifica Recycled Water Project irrigates the Sharp Park Golf Course and other areas in Pacifica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across Silicon Valley, interest in recycled water is high, says Bobel. “The drought has really increased everybody’s interest, that’s for sure,” he said. Palo Alto hopes to expand its recycled water pipeline, as does San Jose. And Bobel believes that in the future all the south county recycled water systems in Santa Clara may be connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people are recognizing while this current ‘drought’ may end, we may be in for a long-term low-rainfall kind of situation and we shouldn’t count on the high rainfall years of the past,” he said. “We should start to plan \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/articles/2016/03/9865/silicon-valley-seeks-local-water-sources/\" rel=\"external\">alternative water supplies\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Navigating the Speed Bumps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, Bobel says, expanding water recycling systems might have been impeded by lack of public acceptance. But now the public is onboard and the biggest hurdle is the cost to build the pipelines, he says. The same holds true for constructing buildings with dual plumbing to reuse graywater – it’s mostly an issue of economics, although regulatory challenges do exist, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The giant public sector capital investment that’s necessary to do something like this, we don’t seem to have available,” said Cain. “So we do the district approach.” In between small-scale home systems and large municipal pipeline systems is another area of opportunity – creating onsite graywater or blackwater reuse systems in buildings. A few of these decentralized systems can also be linked together in small districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, San Francisco has been a driver of this technology. Last year it became the\u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tara-lohan/san-franciscos-innovative-step-to-save-water_b_8236072.html?utm_hp_ref=green&ir=Green\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">first city\u003c/a> in the country to require new developments over 250,000 square feet (23,000 square meters) to use onsite water reuse systems for any water needs that are nonpotable. The ordinance also requires buildings of 40,000 square feet or more to do an assessment of the reuse potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new requirement was driven by interest in a program developed by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which spent several years working to align health, public works and water departments on the vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it hasn’t been easily transferrable to other places in California yet, although the interest is great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marianna Grossman, a founder and managing partner at \u003ca href=\"http://www.minervaventures.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Minerva Ventures\u003c/a>, wanted to help bring those regulations to Santa Clara and San Mateo counties. “It should be easy because it is so clear that we need to not flush drinking water down the toilet,” said Grossman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead she found a lot of barriers to implementation. In San Francisco, there is only one city and county. “In San Mateo, I think there are 22 separate cities and towns,” said Grossman. “In Santa Clara there are 16, plus each county has unincorporated areas that they run.” And there are also the various health, planning and public works departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In working to help four technology companies in Mountain View to establish onsite reuse systems, she said they encountered more problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mountain View’s city council thinks they’ve said they want to do water reuse, but in fact the way the regulations get enforced, it makes it very hard to do,” she said. “There is a lack of alignment in the city government from the policymakers to the different departments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sebastien Tilmans, director of operations at the \u003ca href=\"https://cee.stanford.edu/labs-centers/codiga-resource-recovery-center-cr2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Codiga Resource Recovery Center\u003c/a> at Stanford University, said he’s also had conversations with several different technology companies in Silicon Valley that are interested in onsite water reuse systems. “They want to increase their resilience and to be good corporate citizens,” he said. “But the real obstacle to getting the systems installed today is regulatory – it’s building inspections, codes, things like that – and of course education of not just the public, but making sure regulators and building inspectors are on board with water reuse and trust it to be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grossman believes there should be better statewide regulations for water reuse protocols. “To try and go city by city to set zoning rules around water reuse I don’t think is efficient or sensible,” said Grossman. “It is a nightmare for developers and builders if every single one has a different plan and approach and process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently the State Water Resources Control Board’s Division of Drinking Water has been tasked with investigating the feasibility of developing uniform water recycling criteria for direct potable reuse, which is when water is recycled and directly piped to customers for drinking water. But these potential new regulations would not cover nonpotable water reuse projects, such as decentralized graywater systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grossman believes standard regulations will help drive more businesses to seize the economic advantages of water reuse. “Rules and policies build market possibilities,” she said. “Once you have the rules, you create a huge market that drives down the cost of a water reuse system and increases the knowledge of plumbers, engineers and architects on how to do those systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Friend cautions that it’s not just a matter of regulations, it’s also a matter implementing these systems on a meaningful scale. “In San Francisco, we’ve got terrific examples of iconic buildings [doing water reuse] that are valuable because they show what’s possible, that it works, it’s economical, it’s safe,” he said. “But to go from there to shifting hundreds of thousands of households in a region is a steeply challenging issue we need to think through. We can’t get there by random. The regulation may be the easy part, as hard as that is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"start\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/about/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a> is\u003c/span> an independent digital media project dedicated to covering California’s water crisis. The project is part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsdeeply.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News Deeply\u003c/a>, a new media startup and social enterprise based in New York.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 2409,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 45
},
"modified": 1704930396,
"excerpt": "California's drought has highlighted the need to conserve water, but it is also spurring interest in recycling water to increase supply.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "California's drought has highlighted the need to conserve water, but it is also spurring interest in recycling water to increase supply.",
"title": "Wastewater Becomes a Resource in Silicon Valley | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Wastewater Becomes a Resource in Silicon Valley",
"datePublished": "2016-04-06T06:00:09-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:46:36-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "wastewater-becomes-a-resource-in-silicon-valley",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.taralohan.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\">Tara Lohan\u003c/a>,\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>",
"sticky": false,
"source": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a> ",
"path": "/science/620606/wastewater-becomes-a-resource-in-silicon-valley",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite a much wetter winter than the last several, California is still mired in drought, according to scientists and policymakers. But if you ask architect Bill Worthen of \u003ca href=\"http://urbanfabrick.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Urban Fabrick\u003c/a>, there is plenty of water in the state of California. “It’s just not where we want it, when we want it, in the form we want it,” he said. “To me, as an architect, that’s a classic design problem and that’s also a huge opportunity to think about how we can reuse and rethink water in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Worthen recently spoke at a gathering of building and design professionals interested in water reuse in Silicon Valley. “Our opportunity here is to think about how we can stop the insanity of using water once as it comes out of our tap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept of reusing water in Silicon Valley is not new. There are more than 150 miles (240km) of purple pipes – the designated color for pipes carrying recycled water. Some cities have incentives to encourage water reuse in homes and an “advanced water purification center” in San Jose is able to treat wastewater to drinking water standards – yet the region still has an incredible amount of untapped potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, most residents are still flushing their toilets with pristine water. “Future generations are going to look at us like we’re insane that we used drinking water to flush poop,” said Gil Friend, chief sustainability officer for the City of Palo Alto. “Who could possibly have thought of something so stupid? But here we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s drought, now in its fifth year, has highlighted the need to conserve water and increase efficiency. And slowly gaining more attention is the idea to match water quality to water need. More than half the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/articles/2016/02/9693/reliable-silicon-valley-water-sources/\" rel=\"external\">water supply\u003c/a> for Silicon Valley is imported, originating in the Sierra Nevada mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does it all need to be the cleanest, safest drinking supply known to mankind or can some of it actually not be that clean?” asks Josiah Cain, a landscape architect at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sherwoodengineers.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Sherwood Design Engineers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Opportunity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer is actually that we don’t always need pristine drinking water to meet a lot of our water supply requirements. We certainly don’t need it to flush our toilets. For a typical office building, 95 percent of the water used could come from nonpotable sources, says Worthen. This means that almost all the water used in an office building goes to irrigation, heating and cooling systems, and to flushing toilets and urinals. In a multiunit residential building, the number is 50 percent – much lower, but still significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arid California will undoubtedly face future droughts and climate change modeling indicates that these may be longer and more severe, and that the timing and amount of crucial snowpack will change, affecting the availability of water when it’s needed most in hot summer months. All of which means that finding new ways to augment water supply is becoming a priority that extends beyond the current water crunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/ca-water-supply-solutions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">report\u003c/a>, the Pacific Institute, a global water think tank, found that California had significant potential to increase water reuse and capture stormwater. “Traditional supply options are tapped out,” the report found, adding that groundwater is overdrafted in many places and there are few options for creating new surface storage reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reuse creates a water supply that is both reliable and local. “It can also provide economic and environmental benefits by reducing energy use, diversions from rivers and streams, and pollution from wastewater discharges,” the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_620613\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1834px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-620613\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines.jpg\" alt=\"Purple lines indicate the pipelines of the recycled water systems stretching through multiple cities in Santa Clara County. \" width=\"1834\" height=\"1464\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines.jpg 1834w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-400x319.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-800x639.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-768x613.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-1440x1149.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-1180x942.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/pipelines-960x766.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1834px) 100vw, 1834px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Purple lines indicate the pipelines of the recycled water systems stretching through multiple cities in Santa Clara County. \u003ccite>(Sustainable Silicon Valley and Saskia Fagan)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beyond what’s already being done there is another 1.2 million to 1.8 million acre-feet (1.4 to 2.2 billion cubic meters) per year potential to expand water reuse in the state, especially in coastal areas, the Pacific Institute reported. And in the San Francisco Bay Area and Southern California cities, capturing stormwater could reduce flooding and boost water supplies by 420,000 to 630,000 acre-feet or more annually. For comparison, an average California home uses 0.5–1 acre-foot a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are other reasons, too. Researchers from UCLA found that there are \u003ca href=\"http://ph.ucla.edu/news/press-release/2016/mar/expanding-use-recycled-water-would-benefit-environment-and-human-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">health benefits\u003c/a>from using recycled water because it supports the maintenance of green spaces, can decrease air pollution and can lower greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Reuse in Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley has gotten a jump on water reuse, but still has a long way to go before it’s widespread at either the home, business or municipal level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Hackler, founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.baymaples.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Bay Maples\u003c/a> landscaping company, got a good sense in the last year of how popular water reuse is becoming. Hackler’s team installed 16 graywater systems and five rainwater catchment systems in homes in 2015 and held numerous workshops to teach the principles to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The easiest and most popular way to reuse water at home is for “laundry-to-landscape” systems, for which there is now a state code. These involve piping washing machine water to gardens for irrigation. Hackler also does graywater projects that use bathroom sink and shower water for irrigation, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, like Palo Alto, are helping to spur more water reuse in the home. Palo Alto’s building code requires new construction or large renovation projects to make homes laundry-to-landscape ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to water reuse at the home level, “There is a lot of interest in it, but the number of people who’ve actually done it is still fairly small,” said Phil Bobel, the deputy director of Public Works for Palo Alto. “It requires time, energy, you have to get a building permit and deal with our building department and all of that stuff. There are a lot things that slow you down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hackler has also found that the process isn’t always consistent from city to city – or the costs. A building department permit in one city may be $600 and in another it’s only $200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the biggest impact from recycled water currently comes from water reuse at the municipal level. And the biggest player in this is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/index.aspx?NID=1587\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">South Bay Water Recycling\u003c/a> program in San Jose, which provides nonpotable water via 143 miles (230km) of “purple pipes” to the City of Santa Clara, the City of Milpitas and two water retailers – San Jose Water Company and San Jose Municipal Water System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each day about 10 million gallons (40,000 cubic meters) of recycled water are piped from this system to 800 irrigation and industrial customers including Levi’s Stadium, Great America, McCarthy Ranch Shopping Center, Guadalupe Gardens, Intel and San Jose City Hall. The water is used in cooling towers and power plants, for toilet flushing in dual-plumbed buildings and for irrigating golf courses, street medians, college campuses, parks and other landscaping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the water in the system is currently mixed with highly treated recycled water from the\u003ca href=\"http://purewater4u.org/advanced-water-treatment-facility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center\u003c/a>. It treats wastewater to drinking water standards, but the water so far is only permitted to be used for nonpotable purposes, although in the future it may be used to replenish groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides San Jose’s treatment plant, there are three others – in Gilroy/Morgan Hill, Sunnyvale and Palo Alto – that produce recycled water for purple pipe systems. Palo Alto’s biggest customer is next door in Mountain View’s north of Bayshore neighborhood, home to Google and other businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo County has some municipal water recycling, although not as much as Santa Clara County. Daly City’s North San Mateo County Sanitation District has been providing 1 million gallons (4,000 cubic meters) of recycled water per day to irrigate areas of Daly City as well as irrigating Harding Park and Fleming Park golf courses in San Francisco. And nearby, the Pacifica Recycled Water Project irrigates the Sharp Park Golf Course and other areas in Pacifica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across Silicon Valley, interest in recycled water is high, says Bobel. “The drought has really increased everybody’s interest, that’s for sure,” he said. Palo Alto hopes to expand its recycled water pipeline, as does San Jose. And Bobel believes that in the future all the south county recycled water systems in Santa Clara may be connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people are recognizing while this current ‘drought’ may end, we may be in for a long-term low-rainfall kind of situation and we shouldn’t count on the high rainfall years of the past,” he said. “We should start to plan \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/articles/2016/03/9865/silicon-valley-seeks-local-water-sources/\" rel=\"external\">alternative water supplies\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Navigating the Speed Bumps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten years ago, Bobel says, expanding water recycling systems might have been impeded by lack of public acceptance. But now the public is onboard and the biggest hurdle is the cost to build the pipelines, he says. The same holds true for constructing buildings with dual plumbing to reuse graywater – it’s mostly an issue of economics, although regulatory challenges do exist, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The giant public sector capital investment that’s necessary to do something like this, we don’t seem to have available,” said Cain. “So we do the district approach.” In between small-scale home systems and large municipal pipeline systems is another area of opportunity – creating onsite graywater or blackwater reuse systems in buildings. A few of these decentralized systems can also be linked together in small districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, San Francisco has been a driver of this technology. Last year it became the\u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tara-lohan/san-franciscos-innovative-step-to-save-water_b_8236072.html?utm_hp_ref=green&ir=Green\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">first city\u003c/a> in the country to require new developments over 250,000 square feet (23,000 square meters) to use onsite water reuse systems for any water needs that are nonpotable. The ordinance also requires buildings of 40,000 square feet or more to do an assessment of the reuse potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new requirement was driven by interest in a program developed by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which spent several years working to align health, public works and water departments on the vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it hasn’t been easily transferrable to other places in California yet, although the interest is great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marianna Grossman, a founder and managing partner at \u003ca href=\"http://www.minervaventures.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Minerva Ventures\u003c/a>, wanted to help bring those regulations to Santa Clara and San Mateo counties. “It should be easy because it is so clear that we need to not flush drinking water down the toilet,” said Grossman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead she found a lot of barriers to implementation. In San Francisco, there is only one city and county. “In San Mateo, I think there are 22 separate cities and towns,” said Grossman. “In Santa Clara there are 16, plus each county has unincorporated areas that they run.” And there are also the various health, planning and public works departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In working to help four technology companies in Mountain View to establish onsite reuse systems, she said they encountered more problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mountain View’s city council thinks they’ve said they want to do water reuse, but in fact the way the regulations get enforced, it makes it very hard to do,” she said. “There is a lack of alignment in the city government from the policymakers to the different departments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sebastien Tilmans, director of operations at the \u003ca href=\"https://cee.stanford.edu/labs-centers/codiga-resource-recovery-center-cr2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener\">Codiga Resource Recovery Center\u003c/a> at Stanford University, said he’s also had conversations with several different technology companies in Silicon Valley that are interested in onsite water reuse systems. “They want to increase their resilience and to be good corporate citizens,” he said. “But the real obstacle to getting the systems installed today is regulatory – it’s building inspections, codes, things like that – and of course education of not just the public, but making sure regulators and building inspectors are on board with water reuse and trust it to be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grossman believes there should be better statewide regulations for water reuse protocols. “To try and go city by city to set zoning rules around water reuse I don’t think is efficient or sensible,” said Grossman. “It is a nightmare for developers and builders if every single one has a different plan and approach and process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently the State Water Resources Control Board’s Division of Drinking Water has been tasked with investigating the feasibility of developing uniform water recycling criteria for direct potable reuse, which is when water is recycled and directly piped to customers for drinking water. But these potential new regulations would not cover nonpotable water reuse projects, such as decentralized graywater systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grossman believes standard regulations will help drive more businesses to seize the economic advantages of water reuse. “Rules and policies build market possibilities,” she said. “Once you have the rules, you create a huge market that drives down the cost of a water reuse system and increases the knowledge of plumbers, engineers and architects on how to do those systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Friend cautions that it’s not just a matter of regulations, it’s also a matter implementing these systems on a meaningful scale. “In San Francisco, we’ve got terrific examples of iconic buildings [doing water reuse] that are valuable because they show what’s possible, that it works, it’s economical, it’s safe,” he said. “But to go from there to shifting hundreds of thousands of households in a region is a steeply challenging issue we need to think through. We can’t get there by random. The regulation may be the easy part, as hard as that is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"start\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/about/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a> is\u003c/span> an independent digital media project dedicated to covering California’s water crisis. The project is part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsdeeply.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News Deeply\u003c/a>, a new media startup and social enterprise based in New York.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/620606/wastewater-becomes-a-resource-in-silicon-valley",
"authors": [
"byline_science_620606"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_572",
"science_968"
],
"featImg": "science_620612",
"label": "source_science_620606"
},
"science_619596": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_619596",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "619596",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459878881000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459878881,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Federal Report Says Global Warming Is Making US Sick",
"headTitle": "Federal Report Says Global Warming Is Making US Sick | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Man-made global warming is making America sicker, and it’s only going to get worse, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://health2016.globalchange.gov/\">federal government report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 332-page report issued Monday by the Obama administration said global warming will make the air dirtier, water more contaminated and food more tainted. It warned of diseases, such as those spread by ticks and mosquitoes, longer allergy seasons, and thousands of heat wave deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> chief Gina McCarthy said if that’s not enough, climate change affects people’s mental health, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about polar bears and melting ice caps. It’s about our families. It’s about our future,” McCarthy said at a White House event unveiling the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change affects more people in more ways than anything doctors have seen in the past, said Surgeon General Vivek Murthy. He said the report allows doctors to better quantify “the sheer number of pathways through which climate affects health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes air pollution worsened from power plants, pollen and even wildfires, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not being able to breathe is one of the most frightening experience” for people, Murthy said. “We’re talking about scary moments for parents and children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma is already the No. 1 cause of children going to the hospital and “now we’re seeing it worsening because of the heat, the allergens,” and air pollution, said Lynn Goldman, dean of the George Washington University’s public health school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House science adviser John Holdren highlighted heat waves, saying that even with some reduction in emissions of heat-trapping gases globally, “we can see thousands to tens of thousands of heat-related deaths in the United States each summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centers of Disease Control and Prevention computer simulations of 209 cities show that extra summer heat deaths will outweigh fewer winter cold deaths from climate change, said CDC’s Shubhayu Saha, a study lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holdren said the report is based on more than 1,800 published scientific studies and new federal research, and was reviewed by the National Academies of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The report clearly establishes that climate change is a major threat to public health in the United States,” said Howard Frumkin, dean of the University of Washington’s public health school, who wasn’t part of the report. He said the government isn’t doing enough. “There is a vast disconnect between the magnitude of the problem, as outlined by this report, and the response of government health agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Josh Lederman contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 450,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1704930401,
"excerpt": "Global warming is making America sicker, and will only get worse, according to a report issued by the Obama administration.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Global warming is making America sicker, and will only get worse, according to a report issued by the Obama administration.",
"title": "Federal Report Says Global Warming Is Making US Sick | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Federal Report Says Global Warming Is Making US Sick",
"datePublished": "2016-04-05T10:54:41-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:46:41-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "federal-report-says-global-warming-is-making-us-sick",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/content/seth-borenstein\" target=\"_blank\">Seth Borenstein\u003c/a>,\u003c/br> \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Associated Press\u003c/a>",
"sticky": false,
"source": "\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Associated Press\u003c/a>",
"path": "/science/619596/federal-report-says-global-warming-is-making-us-sick",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Man-made global warming is making America sicker, and it’s only going to get worse, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://health2016.globalchange.gov/\">federal government report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 332-page report issued Monday by the Obama administration said global warming will make the air dirtier, water more contaminated and food more tainted. It warned of diseases, such as those spread by ticks and mosquitoes, longer allergy seasons, and thousands of heat wave deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> chief Gina McCarthy said if that’s not enough, climate change affects people’s mental health, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about polar bears and melting ice caps. It’s about our families. It’s about our future,” McCarthy said at a White House event unveiling the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change affects more people in more ways than anything doctors have seen in the past, said Surgeon General Vivek Murthy. He said the report allows doctors to better quantify “the sheer number of pathways through which climate affects health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes air pollution worsened from power plants, pollen and even wildfires, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not being able to breathe is one of the most frightening experience” for people, Murthy said. “We’re talking about scary moments for parents and children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asthma is already the No. 1 cause of children going to the hospital and “now we’re seeing it worsening because of the heat, the allergens,” and air pollution, said Lynn Goldman, dean of the George Washington University’s public health school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House science adviser John Holdren highlighted heat waves, saying that even with some reduction in emissions of heat-trapping gases globally, “we can see thousands to tens of thousands of heat-related deaths in the United States each summer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centers of Disease Control and Prevention computer simulations of 209 cities show that extra summer heat deaths will outweigh fewer winter cold deaths from climate change, said CDC’s Shubhayu Saha, a study lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holdren said the report is based on more than 1,800 published scientific studies and new federal research, and was reviewed by the National Academies of Sciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The report clearly establishes that climate change is a major threat to public health in the United States,” said Howard Frumkin, dean of the University of Washington’s public health school, who wasn’t part of the report. He said the government isn’t doing enough. “There is a vast disconnect between the magnitude of the problem, as outlined by this report, and the response of government health agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Josh Lederman contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/619596/federal-report-says-global-warming-is-making-us-sick",
"authors": [
"byline_science_619596"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_5181"
],
"featImg": "science_619601",
"label": "source_science_619596"
},
"science_617298": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_617298",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "617298",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459801311000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459801311,
"format": "image",
"title": "Californians Miss Water Conservation Goal in February",
"headTitle": "Californians Miss Water Conservation Goal in February | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When it comes to water conservation efforts, Californians fell short in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the ninth, and final, month under Governor Jerry Brown’s historic 25 percent water reduction mandate, urban residents used 12 percent less water compared to the same period in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is down from a 17.1 percent reduction in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Resources Control Board, called it an “enormous effort” in saving water, despite the missed target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Californians rose to the occasion, reducing irrigation, fixing leaks, taking shorter showers and saving our precious water resources in all sorts of ways,” says Marcus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hover over the dots below to see how much water each district saved.\u003c/em> \u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/9bf115aa-fac1-11e5-9ead-0e787de82d45/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it was the lowest monthly reduction, in terms of percentage, since the water restrictions began last June. It was also an unusually dry February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the entire nine month water reduction mandate, California dwellers reduced their consumption by 23.9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving forward, Californians will be required to use at least 20 percent less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is now in the fifth year of drought, even though an El Niño weather system delivered a near-average year of rain and snow in some northern parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key reservoirs in Northern California like Shasta and Oroville are brimming after El Niño storms drenched the region. And some Northern California water districts, like Menlo Park, had a cumulative savings of more than 40 percent from June 2015 to February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Southern California saw relatively little precipitation and many areas struggled to save water. Places like El Segundo, had a cumulative water savings of just 3.3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By April 1—typically the end of California’s rain and snow season—the state was left with a nearly average snow pack and few hopes of more significant storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in much better shape than we were in last year and thank heavens for that,” says Marcus. “But we’re nowhere near having a drought-over party. No champagne and confetti yet.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 362,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/9bf115aa-fac1-11e5-9ead-0e787de82d45/embed_map"
],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1704930408,
"excerpt": "Californians fell short but came close to meeting a water conservation goal during a record warm February.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Californians fell short but came close to meeting a water conservation goal during a record warm February.",
"title": "Californians Miss Water Conservation Goal in February | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Californians Miss Water Conservation Goal in February",
"datePublished": "2016-04-04T13:21:51-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:46:48-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "californians-get-close-but-miss-water-conservation-goal-in-february",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/617298/californians-get-close-but-miss-water-conservation-goal-in-february",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When it comes to water conservation efforts, Californians fell short in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the ninth, and final, month under Governor Jerry Brown’s historic 25 percent water reduction mandate, urban residents used 12 percent less water compared to the same period in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is down from a 17.1 percent reduction in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia Marcus, chair of the State Water Resources Control Board, called it an “enormous effort” in saving water, despite the missed target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Californians rose to the occasion, reducing irrigation, fixing leaks, taking shorter showers and saving our precious water resources in all sorts of ways,” says Marcus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hover over the dots below to see how much water each district saved.\u003c/em> \u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.cartodb.com/viz/9bf115aa-fac1-11e5-9ead-0e787de82d45/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it was the lowest monthly reduction, in terms of percentage, since the water restrictions began last June. It was also an unusually dry February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the entire nine month water reduction mandate, California dwellers reduced their consumption by 23.9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving forward, Californians will be required to use at least 20 percent less water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is now in the fifth year of drought, even though an El Niño weather system delivered a near-average year of rain and snow in some northern parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key reservoirs in Northern California like Shasta and Oroville are brimming after El Niño storms drenched the region. And some Northern California water districts, like Menlo Park, had a cumulative savings of more than 40 percent from June 2015 to February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Southern California saw relatively little precipitation and many areas struggled to save water. Places like El Segundo, had a cumulative water savings of just 3.3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By April 1—typically the end of California’s rain and snow season—the state was left with a nearly average snow pack and few hopes of more significant storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in much better shape than we were in last year and thank heavens for that,” says Marcus. “But we’re nowhere near having a drought-over party. No champagne and confetti yet.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/617298/californians-get-close-but-miss-water-conservation-goal-in-february",
"authors": [
"5432"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_876"
],
"featImg": "science_617480",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_610026": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_610026",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "610026",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459753290000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459753290,
"format": "image",
"title": "What Will California Do With Too Much Solar?",
"headTitle": "What Will California Do With Too Much Solar? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Solar energy records are falling left and right in California these days, as the state steams ahead toward its ambitious renewable energy goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the success of solar has brought about a hidden downside: on some perfectly sunny days, solar farms are being told to turn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because in the spring and fall, when Californians aren’t using much air conditioning and demand for electricity is low, the surge of midday solar power is more than the state can use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s becoming a growing concern for those running the grid at the California Independent System Operator. At their Folsom headquarters, a team continually manages the power supply for most of the state, keeping the lights on for some 30 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s constantly solving a constant problem, meaning you’re always trying to balance,” says Nancy Traweek, who directs system operations for the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>TOO MUCH RENEWABLE POWER\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb> On March 27, a sunny day, some solar farms had to shut down because there was more power on the grid than Californians were using. \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611449\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1730px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-611449\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"SOURCE: California ISO. \" width=\"1730\" height=\"1000\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SOURCE: California ISO. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ups and Downs of Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, balancing California’s electric was fairly straightforward. The power supply was constant, coming from natural gas and nuclear power plants that put out a steady stream of electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the growth of solar and wind power has thrown a wild card in the mix. The sun and wind are much less predictable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden you have a major cloud that comes over a solar field,” Traweek says, and that causes the solar power to drop off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [power] needs to come from somewhere else immediately,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So grid operators have to keep the natural gas plants running in the background. If they’re turned off, many take four to eight hours start up again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s highest demand for electricity also happens right as the sun goes down, when Californians come home from work and lights turn on. Grid operators need natural gas power plants at the ready to meet that peak and to fill the gap that’s left by solar power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBWesternGridSommer160404.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But add up all those energy sources – solar, wind, natural gas, as well as hydropower, nuclear and others – and on some days, they’re making more electricity than California needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it gets really bad, now we really got to start cutting as much as we possibly can,” Traweek says. “If that’s not done, then you could have a blackout.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, grid operators have to tell solar farms to shut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s zero-carbon, clean energy,” says Keith Casey, a vice president at the California Independent System Operator. “It would just be a travesty to curtail large amounts of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casey says the problem will only get worse as more solar and wind connect to the grid. California plans to hit 50 percent renewable energy by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joining Grids Across the West\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s grid operator is developing a solution, one that is garnering controversy across state lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_610986\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-610986 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2-400x280.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grid operators manage 80 percent of California’s transmission system at the California Independent System Operator. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, California’s grid runs mostly on its own, like an island. But there are power lines reaching across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re operating your little piece of the system,” Casey says, “but if you can operate it as an integrated whole, you can just operate the system more efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Casey is proposing California join up with its neighbors. Instead of having lots of electric grids across the West, each doing their own thing, there would be a larger regional grid, sharing power across state lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When California has too much solar power, neighboring states would buy it, preventing California from having to switch off the solar farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a win-win,” Casey says. “We really think we need to seize the most efficient opportunities that are out there for integrating renewables.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This marriage of electric grids would start with \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PacifiCorp\u003c/a>, a utility that runs its own grid in Oregon, Utah, Idaho and Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/StudyBenefits-PacifiCorp-ISOIntegration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study commissioned by PacifiCorp \u003c/a>found that customers across both regions would save $154 to $335 million annually through sharing lower-cost renewable energy and avoiding turning off solar farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coal Power on the Line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PacifiCorp isn’t a partner everyone wants to get in bed with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PacifiCorp is by far the largest owner of coal plants in the Western United States,” says Travis Ritchie, an attorney with the Sierra Club. In 2014, more than 60 percent of PacifiCorp’s electricity came from coal power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611762\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-611762\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-611762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-800x965.jpg\" alt=\"ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories\" width=\"378\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-800x965.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-400x482.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-768x926.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-1180x1423.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-960x1158.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories.jpg 1254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SOURCE: \u003ccite>(California Independent System Operator)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s a big problem for California,” he says. “We have put forth a lot of really great policy measures to stop coal for climate reasons, for pollution reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PacifiCorp’s coal power wouldn’t necessarily flow into California. The state’s climate change law, AB 32, means that electricity from other states has a price tacked on that raises the cost of fossil fuels to account for their carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ritchie warns that joining a regional electric grid, governed across several states with different agendas, could mean giving up some of California’s autonomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Will California actually lose the ability lead on climate issues if it gives up its power to Utah and Wyoming, two states that are actively fighting everything about climate change that California is working to promote?” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several state legislators have the same concern. In February, they \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwIXiaj8LQ3GR2VPQWpFTmx5Nnc/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to Governor Jerry Brown raising red flags about the merger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have made great strides to make sure that our electricity is as clean as possible,” says California Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon. “I want to make sure that joining a wider grid doesn’t impact that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Storing vs. Sharing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others point out that joining electric grids isn’t the only way to deal with excess renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”EfB9kf250phSVRQi9fJGcucaaiRZAMC8″]“Energy storage is probably the biggest hammer in the toolbox,” says Paul Denholm, analyst at the National Renewable Energy Lab in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large batteries and other energy storage technologies could store the excess solar energy California is producing during the day. But until prices come down, storage remains costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denholm says according to his analysis, California will probably need both storage and a regional grid to reach its 50 percent renewable goal in the most cost-effective way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other types of energy, apart from solar, could also become more flexible. Many natural gas power plants have signed contracts with utilities that limit how often they can be turned off or ramped up and down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure we can schedule the power plants to be available when needed,” Denholm says. “Those contracts have to change so the output from the power plants can vary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With renewable energy growing at a rapid clip, other states could soon face the same challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at a tipping point for wind and solar,” Denholm says. “Wind and solar in many places in the country is actually the cheapest option. And that’s the first time in history where that’s been the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Independent System Operator and PacifiCorp will spend the next two years studying their plan to integrate, as well as making their case before regulators in several states. If the plan moves ahead, the two would join up by 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": true,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1337,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 49
},
"modified": 1704930410,
"excerpt": "It actually \u003cem>is\u003c/em> a problem. And the solutions are either expensive or controversial.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "It actually is a problem. And the solutions are either expensive or controversial.",
"title": "What Will California Do With Too Much Solar? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What Will California Do With Too Much Solar?",
"datePublished": "2016-04-04T00:01:30-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:46:50-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 305,
"path": "/science/610026/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBWesternGridSommer160404.mp3",
"audioDuration": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Solar energy records are falling left and right in California these days, as the state steams ahead toward its ambitious renewable energy goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the success of solar has brought about a hidden downside: on some perfectly sunny days, solar farms are being told to turn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because in the spring and fall, when Californians aren’t using much air conditioning and demand for electricity is low, the surge of midday solar power is more than the state can use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s becoming a growing concern for those running the grid at the California Independent System Operator. At their Folsom headquarters, a team continually manages the power supply for most of the state, keeping the lights on for some 30 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s constantly solving a constant problem, meaning you’re always trying to balance,” says Nancy Traweek, who directs system operations for the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>TOO MUCH RENEWABLE POWER\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb> On March 27, a sunny day, some solar farms had to shut down because there was more power on the grid than Californians were using. \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611449\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1730px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-611449\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"SOURCE: California ISO. \" width=\"1730\" height=\"1000\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SOURCE: California ISO. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ups and Downs of Renewables\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, balancing California’s electric was fairly straightforward. The power supply was constant, coming from natural gas and nuclear power plants that put out a steady stream of electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the growth of solar and wind power has thrown a wild card in the mix. The sun and wind are much less predictable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden you have a major cloud that comes over a solar field,” Traweek says, and that causes the solar power to drop off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That [power] needs to come from somewhere else immediately,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So grid operators have to keep the natural gas plants running in the background. If they’re turned off, many take four to eight hours start up again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s highest demand for electricity also happens right as the sun goes down, when Californians come home from work and lights turn on. Grid operators need natural gas power plants at the ready to meet that peak and to fill the gap that’s left by solar power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "audioLink",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"src": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/04/WEBWesternGridSommer160404.mp3"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>But add up all those energy sources – solar, wind, natural gas, as well as hydropower, nuclear and others – and on some days, they’re making more electricity than California needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it gets really bad, now we really got to start cutting as much as we possibly can,” Traweek says. “If that’s not done, then you could have a blackout.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, grid operators have to tell solar farms to shut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s zero-carbon, clean energy,” says Keith Casey, a vice president at the California Independent System Operator. “It would just be a travesty to curtail large amounts of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casey says the problem will only get worse as more solar and wind connect to the grid. California plans to hit 50 percent renewable energy by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joining Grids Across the West\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s grid operator is developing a solution, one that is garnering controversy across state lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_610986\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-610986 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/CAISO2-400x280.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grid operators manage 80 percent of California’s transmission system at the California Independent System Operator. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, California’s grid runs mostly on its own, like an island. But there are power lines reaching across the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re operating your little piece of the system,” Casey says, “but if you can operate it as an integrated whole, you can just operate the system more efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Casey is proposing California join up with its neighbors. Instead of having lots of electric grids across the West, each doing their own thing, there would be a larger regional grid, sharing power across state lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When California has too much solar power, neighboring states would buy it, preventing California from having to switch off the solar farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a win-win,” Casey says. “We really think we need to seize the most efficient opportunities that are out there for integrating renewables.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This marriage of electric grids would start with \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificorp.com/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PacifiCorp\u003c/a>, a utility that runs its own grid in Oregon, Utah, Idaho and Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Documents/StudyBenefits-PacifiCorp-ISOIntegration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study commissioned by PacifiCorp \u003c/a>found that customers across both regions would save $154 to $335 million annually through sharing lower-cost renewable energy and avoiding turning off solar farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coal Power on the Line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PacifiCorp isn’t a partner everyone wants to get in bed with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PacifiCorp is by far the largest owner of coal plants in the Western United States,” says Travis Ritchie, an attorney with the Sierra Club. In 2014, more than 60 percent of PacifiCorp’s electricity came from coal power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611762\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 378px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-611762\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-611762\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-800x965.jpg\" alt=\"ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories\" width=\"378\" height=\"456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-800x965.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-400x482.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-768x926.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-1180x1423.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories-960x1158.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/ISO-PacifiCorpTerritories.jpg 1254w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SOURCE: \u003ccite>(California Independent System Operator)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s a big problem for California,” he says. “We have put forth a lot of really great policy measures to stop coal for climate reasons, for pollution reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PacifiCorp’s coal power wouldn’t necessarily flow into California. The state’s climate change law, AB 32, means that electricity from other states has a price tacked on that raises the cost of fossil fuels to account for their carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ritchie warns that joining a regional electric grid, governed across several states with different agendas, could mean giving up some of California’s autonomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Will California actually lose the ability lead on climate issues if it gives up its power to Utah and Wyoming, two states that are actively fighting everything about climate change that California is working to promote?” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several state legislators have the same concern. In February, they \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwIXiaj8LQ3GR2VPQWpFTmx5Nnc/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to Governor Jerry Brown raising red flags about the merger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have made great strides to make sure that our electricity is as clean as possible,” says California Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon. “I want to make sure that joining a wider grid doesn’t impact that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Storing vs. Sharing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others point out that joining electric grids isn’t the only way to deal with excess renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“Energy storage is probably the biggest hammer in the toolbox,” says Paul Denholm, analyst at the National Renewable Energy Lab in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large batteries and other energy storage technologies could store the excess solar energy California is producing during the day. But until prices come down, storage remains costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denholm says according to his analysis, California will probably need both storage and a regional grid to reach its 50 percent renewable goal in the most cost-effective way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other types of energy, apart from solar, could also become more flexible. Many natural gas power plants have signed contracts with utilities that limit how often they can be turned off or ramped up and down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure we can schedule the power plants to be available when needed,” Denholm says. “Those contracts have to change so the output from the power plants can vary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With renewable energy growing at a rapid clip, other states could soon face the same challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are looking at a tipping point for wind and solar,” Denholm says. “Wind and solar in many places in the country is actually the cheapest option. And that’s the first time in history where that’s been the case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Independent System Operator and PacifiCorp will spend the next two years studying their plan to integrate, as well as making their case before regulators in several states. If the plan moves ahead, the two would join up by 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/610026/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"science_46",
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_89",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1916",
"science_1041",
"science_283",
"science_140",
"science_138"
],
"featImg": "science_610114",
"label": "science"
},
"science_611159": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_611159",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "611159",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459542592000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459542592,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California May Be in for Greater Weather Extremes",
"headTitle": "California May Be in for Greater Weather Extremes | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>One of the big questions in the news this winter has been: When will the drought be over?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published today in Science Advances suggests that may not be the most useful question to ask. Better might be: Is the climate of California starting to see even wider swings between dry and wet conditions? We’re already a land of “feast or famine” weather. How will we manage our water future if we’re experiencing greater extremes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of us from Stanford, Northwestern and Columbia conducted the study to find out whether the atmospheric conditions associated with California’s most extreme wet years or most extreme dry years are happening more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short answer? Yes. The atmospheric pressure patterns we see off the coast of California during extreme dry years are happening more frequently in recent decades—and the patterns that lead to our wettest years may be becoming more frequent as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happened During California’s Extreme Drought?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since early 2013, the state of California has been in the grip of an extraordinary \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">multi-year drought\u003c/a>. The accumulated loss of precipitation over the four years so far is \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/4/e1501344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unprecedented\u003c/a> in the century we’ve been recording this information. If you add the drying effects of record-high temperatures, the 2013-2016 event may, in fact, be the most severe \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/california-s-drought-may-be-worst-in-a-millennium/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in a millennium\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of water stored in the critically important Sierra Nevada snowpack reached its lowest level in \u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/52265-california-snowpack-shrinking.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">over 500 years\u003c/a> in 2015, and the loss of groundwater in the state’s aquifers has literally \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140514133440.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moved mountains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought has had \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL066628/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">widespread effects\u003c/a> on the state’s economy and environment, slashing the amount of water available for agricultural and \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2015/07/drought-5000-californians-dont-have-running-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">urban\u003c/a> uses, raising \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/07/15/us/california-fire-season-drought.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildfire risk\u003c/a> and dramatically increasing \u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-12-tens-millions-trees-danger-california.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tree mortality\u003c/a>. Across the state there have been adverse effects upon riverine and marine \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-drought-fish-20150824-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ecosystems\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/58e0c7bfe91442f79e304fbdc1bec95d/damage-sinking-land-costing-california-billions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">infrastructure damage\u003c/a> to roads and pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611160\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 491px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-611160\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-611160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_1.jpg\" alt=\"The Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, Oct-May 2012-2015. \" width=\"491\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_1.jpg 491w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_1-400x350.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, Oct-May 2012-2015. \u003ccite>(Adapted from Swain 2015, GRL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The atmospheric pattern responsible for ushering in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/california-shattering-temperature-records-18871\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">record-breaking\u003c/a> warmth and dryness is the now-infamous “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridiculously_Resilient_Ridge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The RRR is an unusually persistent stretch of atmospheric high pressure sitting over the Pacific ocean off the coast of California. This sluggish Ridge hovered right in the path of storms headed for the state. Like a boulder displacing a narrow stream of water, the RRR consistently \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deflected water-bearing storms\u003c/a> to the north of California, precisely during the typical “rainy season” months of October to May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the state was therefore left high and dry—even during what is typically the wettest time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Is Unusually Susceptible \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We get the majority (66%) of our annual precipitation during just the four months of December through March. Unlikely many places on Earth, our summers are very dry: less than 5 percent of our precipitation falls between June and September. And we don’t tend to get our annual water supply from a large number of storms. Remarkably, most of\u003ca href=\"https://weather.com/science/weather-explainers/news/atmospheric-river-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California’s precipitation\u003c/a> in a typical year falls over the course of a relatively small number of strong storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”20CHPhjlyqXilSZvOkrET0Pg38tDZXG9″]Here’s why: the state lies just south of the typical winter storm track in the Pacific, so Californians have to rely on the rain and snow that falls when the jet stream dips south—and it does this for relatively short intervals—sending storm systems barreling toward our coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most important of these storms are associated with “\u003ca href=\"http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/atmrivers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>.” These narrow plumes of concentrated atmospheric water vapor bring tremendous amount of rains mountain snowfall when the move inland—increasing flood risk but also bringing much needed water to the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This striking dependence of California’s entire water supply upon the occurrence of just a few atmospheric river events each winter means that a surplus or deficit of just one or two such storms can quickly increase the risk of flood or drought in any given year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, diversion of the Pacific storm track by unusually persistent winter ridges is the most common cause of California droughts, since there is little opportunity to make up for accumulated water deficits during the rest of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Patterns Associated With Drought Are Occurring More Frequently \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our team investigated whether North Pacific pressure patterns similar to those we saw during California’s most extremely dry, and wet periods were occurring more frequently in recent decades. We looked at the years from 1948 through 2015, and the months of October through May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We found that certain unusual atmospheric patterns are indeed occurring more often. Over the past three decades, we’ve experienced more frequent patterns similar to what we saw during California’s extremely warm and dry years of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These years—during which the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/2947\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rose to prominence\u003c/a>—were characterized by unusually low pressure over the Pacific north of Hawaii, and a very strong ridge of high pressure along the entire West Coast of North America, from southern California all the way to the Alaskan arctic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611338\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 612px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_4.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-611338\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-611338\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_4.jpg\" alt=\"Long-term trends in California drought severity (upper left), temperature (upper right), Sierra Nevada snowpack (lower left), and precipitation (lower right). The red shaded regions depict the 2013-2015 drought. \" width=\"612\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_4.jpg 612w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_4-400x258.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long-term trends in California drought severity (upper left), temperature (upper right), Sierra Nevada snowpack (lower left), and precipitation (lower right). The red shaded regions depict the 2013-2015 drought. \u003ccite>(Adapted from Swain 2015, GRL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>…But Not at the Expense of Wet Year Patterns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the increase we saw in pressure patterns similar to California’s driest years, it might be reasonable to expect that patterns associated with the wettest years have become less common. But that’s not what we found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, one of two methods we used in this study suggested that several wet patterns have actually increased in recent decades, while the other suggested little change. Therefore, while we are quite confident that patterns conducive to extreme warmth and dryness in California are happening more frequently, this does not seem to be at the expense of those patterns associated with California’s wettest years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘A Strong and Persistent Ridginess’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of studies have already shown that the long-term temperature trend associated with global warming has increased the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/PNAS-Diffenbaugh-Drought-Climate-Brief-03032015-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">likelihood\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/news-events/warming-climate-deepening-california-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">severity\u003c/a> of drought in California—even when there are no significant changes in precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our new work demonstrates that increasingly frequent atmospheric patterns conducive to extreme drought in California are indeed increasing, but that patterns conducive to very wet years may also be increasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We haven’t traced the exact cause of this increase in patterns similar to the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, but we do find there’s an increasingly strong and persistent “ridginess” off the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, it is worth noting that climate models for 21st century California depict a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/112/13/3931.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">much warmer\u003c/a> future, likely accompanied by \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639898/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increasingly large\u003c/a> swings between \u003ca href=\"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00624.1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dry and wet\u003c/a> conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is fascinating that such large changes in the character of California precipitation are occurring despite little long-term change in average precipitation—which highlights the critical importance of considering changes in the most extreme years when planning for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Daniel Swain is an atmospheric scientist at Stanford’s School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences. A version of this post also appears on his \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Weather\u003c/a> blog. Other authors on the study published today are: \u003ca href=\"http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/faculty/horton-daniel.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daniel Horton\u003c/a>, Northwestern University; \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/dsingh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deepti Singh\u003c/a>, Columbia University; and \u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/noah-diffenbaugh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Noah Diffenbaugh\u003c/a>, Stanford University. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1266,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 33
},
"modified": 1704930413,
"excerpt": "A new study shows the atmospheric patterns that lead to extreme dry years are happening more often, but not at the expense of wet year patterns.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A new study shows the atmospheric patterns that lead to extreme dry years are happening more often, but not at the expense of wet year patterns.",
"title": "California May Be in for Greater Weather Extremes | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California May Be in for Greater Weather Extremes",
"datePublished": "2016-04-01T13:29:52-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:46:53-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-may-be-in-for-greater-weather-extremes",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Daniel Swain, Stanford University\u003c/strong>",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/611159/california-may-be-in-for-greater-weather-extremes",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the big questions in the news this winter has been: When will the drought be over?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study published today in Science Advances suggests that may not be the most useful question to ask. Better might be: Is the climate of California starting to see even wider swings between dry and wet conditions? We’re already a land of “feast or famine” weather. How will we manage our water future if we’re experiencing greater extremes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of us from Stanford, Northwestern and Columbia conducted the study to find out whether the atmospheric conditions associated with California’s most extreme wet years or most extreme dry years are happening more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short answer? Yes. The atmospheric pressure patterns we see off the coast of California during extreme dry years are happening more frequently in recent decades—and the patterns that lead to our wettest years may be becoming more frequent as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happened During California’s Extreme Drought?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since early 2013, the state of California has been in the grip of an extraordinary \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">multi-year drought\u003c/a>. The accumulated loss of precipitation over the four years so far is \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/4/e1501344\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unprecedented\u003c/a> in the century we’ve been recording this information. If you add the drying effects of record-high temperatures, the 2013-2016 event may, in fact, be the most severe \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/california-s-drought-may-be-worst-in-a-millennium/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in a millennium\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of water stored in the critically important Sierra Nevada snowpack reached its lowest level in \u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/52265-california-snowpack-shrinking.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">over 500 years\u003c/a> in 2015, and the loss of groundwater in the state’s aquifers has literally \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140514133440.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moved mountains\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drought has had \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL066628/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">widespread effects\u003c/a> on the state’s economy and environment, slashing the amount of water available for agricultural and \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2015/07/drought-5000-californians-dont-have-running-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">urban\u003c/a> uses, raising \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/07/15/us/california-fire-season-drought.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildfire risk\u003c/a> and dramatically increasing \u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-12-tens-millions-trees-danger-california.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tree mortality\u003c/a>. Across the state there have been adverse effects upon riverine and marine \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-drought-fish-20150824-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ecosystems\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/58e0c7bfe91442f79e304fbdc1bec95d/damage-sinking-land-costing-california-billions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">infrastructure damage\u003c/a> to roads and pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611160\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 491px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_1.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-611160\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-611160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_1.jpg\" alt=\"The Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, Oct-May 2012-2015. \" width=\"491\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_1.jpg 491w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_1-400x350.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, Oct-May 2012-2015. \u003ccite>(Adapted from Swain 2015, GRL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The atmospheric pattern responsible for ushering in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/california-shattering-temperature-records-18871\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">record-breaking\u003c/a> warmth and dryness is the now-infamous “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridiculously_Resilient_Ridge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The RRR is an unusually persistent stretch of atmospheric high pressure sitting over the Pacific ocean off the coast of California. This sluggish Ridge hovered right in the path of storms headed for the state. Like a boulder displacing a narrow stream of water, the RRR consistently \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deflected water-bearing storms\u003c/a> to the north of California, precisely during the typical “rainy season” months of October to May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the state was therefore left high and dry—even during what is typically the wettest time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Is Unusually Susceptible \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We get the majority (66%) of our annual precipitation during just the four months of December through March. Unlikely many places on Earth, our summers are very dry: less than 5 percent of our precipitation falls between June and September. And we don’t tend to get our annual water supply from a large number of storms. Remarkably, most of\u003ca href=\"https://weather.com/science/weather-explainers/news/atmospheric-river-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California’s precipitation\u003c/a> in a typical year falls over the course of a relatively small number of strong storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Here’s why: the state lies just south of the typical winter storm track in the Pacific, so Californians have to rely on the rain and snow that falls when the jet stream dips south—and it does this for relatively short intervals—sending storm systems barreling toward our coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most important of these storms are associated with “\u003ca href=\"http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/atmrivers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>.” These narrow plumes of concentrated atmospheric water vapor bring tremendous amount of rains mountain snowfall when the move inland—increasing flood risk but also bringing much needed water to the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This striking dependence of California’s entire water supply upon the occurrence of just a few atmospheric river events each winter means that a surplus or deficit of just one or two such storms can quickly increase the risk of flood or drought in any given year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, diversion of the Pacific storm track by unusually persistent winter ridges is the most common cause of California droughts, since there is little opportunity to make up for accumulated water deficits during the rest of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Patterns Associated With Drought Are Occurring More Frequently \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our team investigated whether North Pacific pressure patterns similar to those we saw during California’s most extremely dry, and wet periods were occurring more frequently in recent decades. We looked at the years from 1948 through 2015, and the months of October through May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We found that certain unusual atmospheric patterns are indeed occurring more often. Over the past three decades, we’ve experienced more frequent patterns similar to what we saw during California’s extremely warm and dry years of 2013-2014 and 2014-2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These years—during which the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/2947\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rose to prominence\u003c/a>—were characterized by unusually low pressure over the Pacific north of Hawaii, and a very strong ridge of high pressure along the entire West Coast of North America, from southern California all the way to the Alaskan arctic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_611338\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 612px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_4.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-611338\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-611338\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_4.jpg\" alt=\"Long-term trends in California drought severity (upper left), temperature (upper right), Sierra Nevada snowpack (lower left), and precipitation (lower right). The red shaded regions depict the 2013-2015 drought. \" width=\"612\" height=\"395\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_4.jpg 612w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/blog_image_4-400x258.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long-term trends in California drought severity (upper left), temperature (upper right), Sierra Nevada snowpack (lower left), and precipitation (lower right). The red shaded regions depict the 2013-2015 drought. \u003ccite>(Adapted from Swain 2015, GRL)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>…But Not at the Expense of Wet Year Patterns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the increase we saw in pressure patterns similar to California’s driest years, it might be reasonable to expect that patterns associated with the wettest years have become less common. But that’s not what we found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, one of two methods we used in this study suggested that several wet patterns have actually increased in recent decades, while the other suggested little change. Therefore, while we are quite confident that patterns conducive to extreme warmth and dryness in California are happening more frequently, this does not seem to be at the expense of those patterns associated with California’s wettest years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘A Strong and Persistent Ridginess’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of studies have already shown that the long-term temperature trend associated with global warming has increased the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/PNAS-Diffenbaugh-Drought-Climate-Brief-03032015-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">likelihood\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/news-events/warming-climate-deepening-california-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">severity\u003c/a> of drought in California—even when there are no significant changes in precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our new work demonstrates that increasingly frequent atmospheric patterns conducive to extreme drought in California are indeed increasing, but that patterns conducive to very wet years may also be increasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We haven’t traced the exact cause of this increase in patterns similar to the Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, but we do find there’s an increasingly strong and persistent “ridginess” off the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, it is worth noting that climate models for 21st century California depict a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/112/13/3931.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">much warmer\u003c/a> future, likely accompanied by \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639898/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increasingly large\u003c/a> swings between \u003ca href=\"http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00624.1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dry and wet\u003c/a> conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is fascinating that such large changes in the character of California precipitation are occurring despite little long-term change in average precipitation—which highlights the critical importance of considering changes in the most extreme years when planning for the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Daniel Swain is an atmospheric scientist at Stanford’s School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences. A version of this post also appears on his \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Weather\u003c/a> blog. Other authors on the study published today are: \u003ca href=\"http://www.earth.northwestern.edu/people/faculty/horton-daniel.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daniel Horton\u003c/a>, Northwestern University; \u003ca href=\"http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/user/dsingh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deepti Singh\u003c/a>, Columbia University; and \u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/noah-diffenbaugh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Noah Diffenbaugh\u003c/a>, Stanford University. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/611159/california-may-be-in-for-greater-weather-extremes",
"authors": [
"byline_science_611159"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_572"
],
"featImg": "science_611249",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_605319": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_605319",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "605319",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459515648000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459515648,
"format": "standard",
"title": "What Mysterious Forces Are Creating Mountains on Titan?",
"headTitle": "What Mysterious Forces Are Creating Mountains on Titan? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>In the winding-down period of its more than 12-year mission exploring the Saturn system, \u003ca href=\"http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA’s Cassini\u003c/a> spacecraft has spotted the tallest mountain of Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, a peak in the Mithrim Montes range near the equator that rises over two miles above the moon’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cassini spacecraft measured the peaks of Mithrim Montes using its radar instrument to penetrate the layers of thick, smoggy haze in Titan’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highest of the peaks is 10,948 feet high, and most of Titan’s highest peaks, which are found near the equator, are close to 10,000 feet tall. Comparably high mountains on Earth include Cathedral Peak in Yosemite, Mount Lassen, and Telescope Peak in Death Valley National Park (whose entire height, from sea level to summit, can be viewed in \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Telescope_Peak_from_Badwater_2.jpg/1280px-Telescope_Peak_from_Badwater_2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one stunning vista from the valley floor\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extreme Mountaineering\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery of nature’s geological extremes—extreme heights, extreme depths, extreme scales—is something that may excite the adventurous spirit in us all. However, scientists have a more practical purpose for taking such measurements, in this case probing the origins and understanding the forces that form the \u003ca href=\"https://penningtonplanetarium.wordpress.com/2013/12/21/the-9-tallest-mountains-in-the-solar-system/comment-page-1/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">solar system’s highest mountain ranges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_605409\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 301px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-605409\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Continental-continental_convergence_Fig21contcont.gif\" alt=\"Example of a mountain range uplifted by the collision of two continental tectonic plates, as with Earth's Himalaya Mountain Range. \" width=\"301\" height=\"173\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of a mountain range uplifted by the collision of two continental tectonic plates, as with Earth’s Himalaya Mountain Range. \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though one might climb a mountain “because it’s there,” the mountains themselves are there for a more concrete reason. Mountains are structures formed by dynamic forces that actively push them upward—for example, the collision of tectonic plates, which is the driving force uplifting Earth’s tallest mountain ranges. Volcanism is another process that builds mountains. And, on some worlds, like the planet Mercury, uplifted features may be formed when the planet or moon cools and contracts, and wrinkles form on its surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mountains, Young and Old\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On planets and moons with atmospheres—in particular, those with active surface weathering processes—mountains gradually wear down as erosion scours their surfaces. On Earth, the towering Himalayas, Andes, and Rocky Mountains are examples of relatively young mountain ranges pushed upward by the collisions of crustal tectonic plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_605410\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-605410\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The Appalachian Mountains, once as high and mighty as the Alps or the Rockies, have eroded over hundreds of millions of years to low, gentle ridges and peaks.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Appalachian Mountains, once as high and mighty as the Alps or the Rockies, have eroded over hundreds of millions of years to low, gentle ridges and peaks. \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Appalachian Mountains along the east coast of North America, today a gentle range whose highest points are less than 7,000 feet above sea level, have been weathered down since their formation 480 million years ago. In its heyday, however, the Appalachians were a mighty range comparable to the Alps and the Rockies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Is at Work Under Titan’s Surface?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The presence of \u003ca href=\"http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassinifeatures/feature20160324/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Titan’s tall mountains\u003c/a> is intriguing, particularly in light of the fact that Titan’s thick atmosphere and erosive weather cycle of liquid-methane precipitation and runoff are at work wearing them down. This suggests that some active process may have raised the mountains relatively recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidates for the mountain-building forces responsible for Titan’s ranges include tectonic activity driven by a deep subsurface ocean of water that Titan’s crust floats on, tidal effects from Saturn’s gravity, or the contracting of the moon’s surface as it cools. By studying their size, location, and distribution, scientists hope to learn which of these processes might be the culprit, and how it may still be shaping Titan’s surface today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ranging Across the Solar System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_605407\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-605407\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/PIA20023-16-640x350.jpg\" alt=\"Radar image made by NASA's Cassini spacecraft of the Mithrim Montes range, where Titan's tallest peak is located.\" width=\"640\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/PIA20023-16-640x350.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/PIA20023-16-640x350-400x219.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Radar image made by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft of the Mithrim Montes range, where Titan’s tallest peak is located. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Throughout the solar system we explore the tallest mountains and mountain ranges of many planets and moons in order to reveal unseen processes masked by their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pluto’s \u003ca href=\"http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap150718.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Norgay Montes\u003c/a> tower 11,000 feet high, while Mercury’s \u003ca href=\"http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/image.php?image_id=503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Caloris Montes\u003c/a> reaches a similar 10,032 feet. On Venus, \u003ca href=\"http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/mgn_c260n033_2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maxwell Montes\u003c/a>, whose origin is still under debate, climbs to 35,904 feet. On Mars, the vast shield volcano \u003ca href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/mars/places/olympus_mons.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Olympus Mons\u003c/a>—the highest mountain in the solar system—rises a breathtaking 69,650 feet above the Martian surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth’s own Mount Everest, at 29,029 feet above sea level, along with the entire Himalayan mountain range, was uplifted by the collision of the Indo-Australian and the Eurasian crustal plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cassini mission is coming to a close. In September 2017, the spacecraft will be deliberately de-orbited and burn up in the atmosphere of Saturn, ending a 13-year expedition of remarkable discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between now and then, Cassini will make about dozen close flybys of Titan, so there’s still time for a few more long-distance extreme-mountaineering runs….\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 823,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1704930415,
"excerpt": "NASA's Cassini spacecraft has spotted the tallest mountain of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, that rises over two miles above the moon's surface.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "NASA's Cassini spacecraft has spotted the tallest mountain of Saturn's largest moon, Titan, that rises over two miles above the moon's surface.",
"title": "What Mysterious Forces Are Creating Mountains on Titan? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What Mysterious Forces Are Creating Mountains on Titan?",
"datePublished": "2016-04-01T06:00:48-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:46:55-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "what-mysterious-forces-are-creating-mountains-on-titan",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/605319/what-mysterious-forces-are-creating-mountains-on-titan",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the winding-down period of its more than 12-year mission exploring the Saturn system, \u003ca href=\"http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA’s Cassini\u003c/a> spacecraft has spotted the tallest mountain of Saturn’s largest moon, Titan, a peak in the Mithrim Montes range near the equator that rises over two miles above the moon’s surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cassini spacecraft measured the peaks of Mithrim Montes using its radar instrument to penetrate the layers of thick, smoggy haze in Titan’s atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highest of the peaks is 10,948 feet high, and most of Titan’s highest peaks, which are found near the equator, are close to 10,000 feet tall. Comparably high mountains on Earth include Cathedral Peak in Yosemite, Mount Lassen, and Telescope Peak in Death Valley National Park (whose entire height, from sea level to summit, can be viewed in \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Telescope_Peak_from_Badwater_2.jpg/1280px-Telescope_Peak_from_Badwater_2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one stunning vista from the valley floor\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extreme Mountaineering\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery of nature’s geological extremes—extreme heights, extreme depths, extreme scales—is something that may excite the adventurous spirit in us all. However, scientists have a more practical purpose for taking such measurements, in this case probing the origins and understanding the forces that form the \u003ca href=\"https://penningtonplanetarium.wordpress.com/2013/12/21/the-9-tallest-mountains-in-the-solar-system/comment-page-1/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">solar system’s highest mountain ranges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_605409\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 301px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-605409\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Continental-continental_convergence_Fig21contcont.gif\" alt=\"Example of a mountain range uplifted by the collision of two continental tectonic plates, as with Earth's Himalaya Mountain Range. \" width=\"301\" height=\"173\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of a mountain range uplifted by the collision of two continental tectonic plates, as with Earth’s Himalaya Mountain Range. \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Though one might climb a mountain “because it’s there,” the mountains themselves are there for a more concrete reason. Mountains are structures formed by dynamic forces that actively push them upward—for example, the collision of tectonic plates, which is the driving force uplifting Earth’s tallest mountain ranges. Volcanism is another process that builds mountains. And, on some worlds, like the planet Mercury, uplifted features may be formed when the planet or moon cools and contracts, and wrinkles form on its surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mountains, Young and Old\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On planets and moons with atmospheres—in particular, those with active surface weathering processes—mountains gradually wear down as erosion scours their surfaces. On Earth, the towering Himalayas, Andes, and Rocky Mountains are examples of relatively young mountain ranges pushed upward by the collisions of crustal tectonic plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_605410\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-605410\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The Appalachian Mountains, once as high and mighty as the Alps or the Rockies, have eroded over hundreds of millions of years to low, gentle ridges and peaks.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Appalachian_Mountains-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Appalachian Mountains, once as high and mighty as the Alps or the Rockies, have eroded over hundreds of millions of years to low, gentle ridges and peaks. \u003ccite>(Public Domain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Appalachian Mountains along the east coast of North America, today a gentle range whose highest points are less than 7,000 feet above sea level, have been weathered down since their formation 480 million years ago. In its heyday, however, the Appalachians were a mighty range comparable to the Alps and the Rockies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Is at Work Under Titan’s Surface?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The presence of \u003ca href=\"http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/cassinifeatures/feature20160324/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Titan’s tall mountains\u003c/a> is intriguing, particularly in light of the fact that Titan’s thick atmosphere and erosive weather cycle of liquid-methane precipitation and runoff are at work wearing them down. This suggests that some active process may have raised the mountains relatively recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candidates for the mountain-building forces responsible for Titan’s ranges include tectonic activity driven by a deep subsurface ocean of water that Titan’s crust floats on, tidal effects from Saturn’s gravity, or the contracting of the moon’s surface as it cools. By studying their size, location, and distribution, scientists hope to learn which of these processes might be the culprit, and how it may still be shaping Titan’s surface today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ranging Across the Solar System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_605407\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-605407\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/PIA20023-16-640x350.jpg\" alt=\"Radar image made by NASA's Cassini spacecraft of the Mithrim Montes range, where Titan's tallest peak is located.\" width=\"640\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/PIA20023-16-640x350.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/PIA20023-16-640x350-400x219.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Radar image made by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft of the Mithrim Montes range, where Titan’s tallest peak is located. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-Caltech/ASI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Throughout the solar system we explore the tallest mountains and mountain ranges of many planets and moons in order to reveal unseen processes masked by their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pluto’s \u003ca href=\"http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap150718.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Norgay Montes\u003c/a> tower 11,000 feet high, while Mercury’s \u003ca href=\"http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/image.php?image_id=503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Caloris Montes\u003c/a> reaches a similar 10,032 feet. On Venus, \u003ca href=\"http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/imgcat/html/object_page/mgn_c260n033_2.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maxwell Montes\u003c/a>, whose origin is still under debate, climbs to 35,904 feet. On Mars, the vast shield volcano \u003ca href=\"http://www.windows2universe.org/mars/places/olympus_mons.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Olympus Mons\u003c/a>—the highest mountain in the solar system—rises a breathtaking 69,650 feet above the Martian surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth’s own Mount Everest, at 29,029 feet above sea level, along with the entire Himalayan mountain range, was uplifted by the collision of the Indo-Australian and the Eurasian crustal plates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cassini mission is coming to a close. In September 2017, the spacecraft will be deliberately de-orbited and burn up in the atmosphere of Saturn, ending a 13-year expedition of remarkable discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between now and then, Cassini will make about dozen close flybys of Titan, so there’s still time for a few more long-distance extreme-mountaineering runs….\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/605319/what-mysterious-forces-are-creating-mountains-on-titan",
"authors": [
"6180"
],
"categories": [
"science_28",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_498",
"science_5175",
"science_502"
],
"featImg": "science_605411",
"label": "science"
},
"science_605654": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_605654",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "605654",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459369213000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science",
"term": 1151
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459369213,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Peak Sierra Snowpack: Beats Last Year But No Drought Buster",
"headTitle": "Peak Sierra Snowpack: Beats Last Year But No Drought Buster | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The “April 1” snow survey in the Sierra Nevada is always anxiously awaited, in the truest sense of the term. Early April is when the \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">snowpack\u003c/a> is generally reckoned to have peaked and the spring melt season is upon us. If there isn’t sufficient snow by now to carry California through its parched summer, there likely won’t be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s April1 survey (done on March 30 this year for arcane reasons) was a good news/bad news affair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is that water content (which is what they actually measure, not accumulation) came in at 87 percent of average — that’s a far cry from last year at this time, when Governor Jerry Brown stood on a barren mountainside along Highway 50 to announce California’s first-ever statewide mandatory water restrictions. The snowpack on that date was virtually non-existent, shattering records for “bad” at about 5 percent of normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bad news is that same 87 percent of average, which is to put it another way, 13 percent below normal. After four years of drought, hydrologists have warned, that’s not going to cut it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An average snowpack wouldn’t solve the hole we’re in from four years of dry soil moistures and low reservoirs, and overpumped groundwater,” says Peter Gleick, a hydrologist and head of the Oakland-based Pacific Institute. “We really needed more than average — a lot more than average.” (There’s more from Gleick on why we should expect more disappointing snowpacks in our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/03/23/get-used-to-skimpier-snows-in-the-sierra/\">recent post\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard for many to square the ongoing drought with reservoirs that have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/03/28/was-march-the-rainfall-miracle-wed-hoped-for/\">filled rapidly in recent weeks\u003c/a>, water tumbling down huge spillways in many cases (often a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/29/california-reservoirs-are-dumping-water-in-a-drought-but-science-could-change-that/\">required precaution\u003c/a> against possible floods). California has been under a declared state of drought emergency since January of 2014, and water use restrictions have been extended through the coming summer, with some \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_29700280/california-drought-rules-likely-be-relaxed\">yet-to-be-announced modifications\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, state water managers urge that, “Residents should continue to conserve water due to drought conditions and impacts that are still felt in many parts of the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spring blizzards are not unheard of. The survey comes just two days after Reno recorded it’s third biggest dumping of late-season snow on record — nearly 7 inches. But once the calendar turns to April, precipitation of all kinds drops off dramatically throughout California and the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 424,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 10
},
"modified": 1704930420,
"excerpt": "The so-so snowpack almost certainly portends an official fifth year of drought, even with many reservoirs brimming.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The so-so snowpack almost certainly portends an official fifth year of drought, even with many reservoirs brimming.",
"title": "Peak Sierra Snowpack: Beats Last Year But No Drought Buster | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Peak Sierra Snowpack: Beats Last Year But No Drought Buster",
"datePublished": "2016-03-30T13:20:13-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:47:00-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "peak-sierra-snowpack-beats-last-year-but-no-drought-buster",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/605654/peak-sierra-snowpack-beats-last-year-but-no-drought-buster",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The “April 1” snow survey in the Sierra Nevada is always anxiously awaited, in the truest sense of the term. Early April is when the \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">snowpack\u003c/a> is generally reckoned to have peaked and the spring melt season is upon us. If there isn’t sufficient snow by now to carry California through its parched summer, there likely won’t be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s April1 survey (done on March 30 this year for arcane reasons) was a good news/bad news affair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is that water content (which is what they actually measure, not accumulation) came in at 87 percent of average — that’s a far cry from last year at this time, when Governor Jerry Brown stood on a barren mountainside along Highway 50 to announce California’s first-ever statewide mandatory water restrictions. The snowpack on that date was virtually non-existent, shattering records for “bad” at about 5 percent of normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bad news is that same 87 percent of average, which is to put it another way, 13 percent below normal. After four years of drought, hydrologists have warned, that’s not going to cut it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An average snowpack wouldn’t solve the hole we’re in from four years of dry soil moistures and low reservoirs, and overpumped groundwater,” says Peter Gleick, a hydrologist and head of the Oakland-based Pacific Institute. “We really needed more than average — a lot more than average.” (There’s more from Gleick on why we should expect more disappointing snowpacks in our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/03/23/get-used-to-skimpier-snows-in-the-sierra/\">recent post\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard for many to square the ongoing drought with reservoirs that have \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/03/28/was-march-the-rainfall-miracle-wed-hoped-for/\">filled rapidly in recent weeks\u003c/a>, water tumbling down huge spillways in many cases (often a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/29/california-reservoirs-are-dumping-water-in-a-drought-but-science-could-change-that/\">required precaution\u003c/a> against possible floods). California has been under a declared state of drought emergency since January of 2014, and water use restrictions have been extended through the coming summer, with some \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_29700280/california-drought-rules-likely-be-relaxed\">yet-to-be-announced modifications\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, state water managers urge that, “Residents should continue to conserve water due to drought conditions and impacts that are still felt in many parts of the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spring blizzards are not unheard of. The survey comes just two days after Reno recorded it’s third biggest dumping of late-season snow on record — nearly 7 inches. But once the calendar turns to April, precipitation of all kinds drops off dramatically throughout California and the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/605654/peak-sierra-snowpack-beats-last-year-but-no-drought-buster",
"authors": [
"221"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1622",
"science_1462"
],
"featImg": "science_607284",
"label": "science_1151"
},
"science_606852": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_606852",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "606852",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459353624000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459353624,
"format": "standard",
"title": "EPA Aims to Cut Methane Leaks From Natural Gas Companies",
"headTitle": "EPA Aims to Cut Methane Leaks From Natural Gas Companies | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Obama administration on Wednesday announced a new partnership with 41 energy companies that have agreed to voluntarily reduce methane emissions from natural gas operations to help combat climate change.[contextly_sidebar id=”ZDIdOu7d1PC70kD2JpUdRtF4n11ZtRkq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> unveiled the \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/gasstar/methanechallenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Natural Gas STAR Methane Challenge Program\u003c/a> at this week’s Global Methane Forum held in Washington. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, capable of trapping 25 times more heat in the atmosphere than an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy said the voluntary program is meant to protect public health and combat climate change while providing a platform for companies to report actions taken to reduce methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes after the worst methane leak in the nation’s history was finally plugged last month at an underground storage facility owned by Southern California Gas Co. The months-long disaster required the evacuation of 6,400 families and released the climate-warming equivalent of the annual pollution from more than a half million cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the massive California leak focused public attention of the issue, much smaller and more mundane leaks from natural gas operations in the United States have an even larger cumulative impact as a man-made cause of warming the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCal Gas is among those who’ve signed onto the voluntary emissions reduction program, along with major gas pipeline and distribution providers Duke Energy, Exelon, TransCanada, Xcel Energy and MidAmerican Energy Co.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/world/mexico-americas/la-fg-sej-canada-arctic-climate-20160310-story.html\">committed earlier this month\u003c/a> to reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sectors by at least 40 percent over the next decade, compared to 2012 levels. Such reductions are seen as essential to achieving national targets for greenhouse gas reductions agreed to in December as part of the landmark climate accord reached in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans in Congress have opposed such measures, saying they will cost the U.S. economy jobs while doing little to reduce climate change.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 333,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 10
},
"modified": 1704930421,
"excerpt": "After the worst methane leak in the nation's history, energy companies have agreed to voluntarily reduce emissions from natural gas operations.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "After the worst methane leak in the nation's history, energy companies have agreed to voluntarily reduce emissions from natural gas operations.",
"title": "EPA Aims to Cut Methane Leaks From Natural Gas Companies | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "EPA Aims to Cut Methane Leaks From Natural Gas Companies",
"datePublished": "2016-03-30T09:00:24-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:47:01-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "epa-aims-to-cut-methane-leaks-from-natural-gas-companies",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/content/michael-biesecker\">Michael Biesecker\u003c/a>\u003cbr> Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/fronts/HOME?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME\">Associated Press\u003c/a>",
"path": "/science/606852/epa-aims-to-cut-methane-leaks-from-natural-gas-companies",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Obama administration on Wednesday announced a new partnership with 41 energy companies that have agreed to voluntarily reduce methane emissions from natural gas operations to help combat climate change.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> unveiled the \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/gasstar/methanechallenge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Natural Gas STAR Methane Challenge Program\u003c/a> at this week’s Global Methane Forum held in Washington. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, capable of trapping 25 times more heat in the atmosphere than an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy said the voluntary program is meant to protect public health and combat climate change while providing a platform for companies to report actions taken to reduce methane emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes after the worst methane leak in the nation’s history was finally plugged last month at an underground storage facility owned by Southern California Gas Co. The months-long disaster required the evacuation of 6,400 families and released the climate-warming equivalent of the annual pollution from more than a half million cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the massive California leak focused public attention of the issue, much smaller and more mundane leaks from natural gas operations in the United States have an even larger cumulative impact as a man-made cause of warming the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCal Gas is among those who’ve signed onto the voluntary emissions reduction program, along with major gas pipeline and distribution providers Duke Energy, Exelon, TransCanada, Xcel Energy and MidAmerican Energy Co.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama and Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/world/mexico-americas/la-fg-sej-canada-arctic-climate-20160310-story.html\">committed earlier this month\u003c/a> to reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sectors by at least 40 percent over the next decade, compared to 2012 levels. Such reductions are seen as essential to achieving national targets for greenhouse gas reductions agreed to in December as part of the landmark climate accord reached in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans in Congress have opposed such measures, saying they will cost the U.S. economy jobs while doing little to reduce climate change.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/606852/epa-aims-to-cut-methane-leaks-from-natural-gas-companies",
"authors": [
"byline_science_606852"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_784",
"science_1041"
],
"featImg": "science_606858",
"label": "source_science_606852"
},
"science_605069": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_605069",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "605069",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459272688000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459272688,
"format": "standard",
"title": "California to Limit Electric Car Rebate Program to Earners Below $250k",
"headTitle": "California to Limit Electric Car Rebate Program to Earners Below $250k | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"inaugural\">New rules go into effect Tuesday for California’s electric and plug-in hybrid \u003ca href=\"https://cleanvehiclerebate.org/eng/eligible-vehicles\">vehicle rebates\u003c/a>, eliminating the cash given back to high earners and upping the amount for those who make less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who make $250,000 or more or have a combined household income topping $500,000 will no longer qualify for discounts on the cars, while those with lower incomes will qualify for a larger rebate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of California is trying to increase the accessibility of these vehicles to all Californians,” said Collin Santulli, a program manager with the Center for Sustainable Energy, which runs the rebate program for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/03/28/58939/california-to-limit-electric-car-rebate-program-to/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Read the full story at KPCC\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 116,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 5
},
"modified": 1704930423,
"excerpt": null,
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "New rules go into effect Tuesday for California's electric and plug-in hybrid vehicle rebates, eliminating the cash given back to high earners and upping the amount for those who make less. Those who make $250,000 or more or have a combined household income topping $500,000 will no longer qualify for discounts on the cars, while",
"title": "California to Limit Electric Car Rebate Program to Earners Below $250k | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California to Limit Electric Car Rebate Program to Earners Below $250k",
"datePublished": "2016-03-29T10:31:28-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:47:03-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-to-limit-electric-car-rebate-program-to-earners-below-250k",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "http://www.scpr.org",
"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/meghan-mccarty\">Meghan McCarty\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
"sticky": false,
"source": "KPCC",
"path": "/science/605069/california-to-limit-electric-car-rebate-program-to-earners-below-250k",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"inaugural\">New rules go into effect Tuesday for California’s electric and plug-in hybrid \u003ca href=\"https://cleanvehiclerebate.org/eng/eligible-vehicles\">vehicle rebates\u003c/a>, eliminating the cash given back to high earners and upping the amount for those who make less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who make $250,000 or more or have a combined household income topping $500,000 will no longer qualify for discounts on the cars, while those with lower incomes will qualify for a larger rebate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of California is trying to increase the accessibility of these vehicles to all Californians,” said Collin Santulli, a program manager with the Center for Sustainable Energy, which runs the rebate program for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/03/28/58939/california-to-limit-electric-car-rebate-program-to/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Read the full story at KPCC\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/605069/california-to-limit-electric-car-rebate-program-to-earners-below-250k",
"authors": [
"byline_science_605069"
],
"categories": [
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_2948",
"science_704"
],
"featImg": "science_605074",
"label": "source_science_605069"
},
"science_604976": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_604976",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "604976",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459271201000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459271201,
"format": "image",
"title": "Arctic Sea Ice Hits Record Low Peak, Again",
"headTitle": "Arctic Sea Ice Hits Record Low Peak, Again | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s been a winter for the books in the Arctic. Capping off a season of sustained, mind-boggling warm weather and \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-ice-record-low-again-20044\">stunted sea ice growth\u003c/a>, the annual Arctic sea ice maximum hit its lowest level ever recorded. That marks the second straight year that the winter maximum ice extent set a record low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen such a warm, crazy winter in the Arctic,” Mark Serreze, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Snow and Ice Data Center\u003c/a>, said in a statement. “The heat was relentless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with other indicators like global average temperature and sea level rise, the record-setting sea ice cover is a key example of how much climate change is affecting the planet. Diminished sea ice can impact the ability of Arctic species like polar bears and walruses to find food, and could \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/polar-vortex-whats-the-role-of-warming-18654\">impact the weather\u003c/a> across North America, Europe and Asia, though that connection is still contentious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Arctic is in crisis. Year by year, it’s slipping into a new state, and it’s hard to see how that won’t have an effect on weather throughout the Northern Hemisphere,” Ted Scambos, an NSIDC lead scientist, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://nsidc.org/news/newsroom/arctic-sets-yet-another-record-low-maximum-extent\">NSIDC announced on Monday\u003c/a> that Arctic sea ice hit its maximum extent for the winter on March 24, when it averaged 5.607 million square miles. That beat \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-hits-record-low-winter-peak-18795\">last year’s record low\u003c/a> of 5.612 million square miles, set on Feb. 25, 2015, by 5,000 square miles or just a bit smaller than the area of Connecticut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ferqrZi4WF4?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s peak came earlier than is typical, while this year’s was later than the average peak time. That late peak date sets up a shorter-than-normal ice melt season this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The record low maximum doesn’t necessarily guarantee a record-low summer sea ice minimum, though, as ice melt depends heavily on Arctic weather patterns through the spring and summer months. Last year’s minimum was the\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-ice-4th-lowest-record-19455\">fourth lowest on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, though, Arctic sea ice has seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/video-old-arctic-sea-ice-20112\">a clear decline\u003c/a> since satellites first began monitoring it in 1979. Since that time, winter sea ice extent has dropped 3.2 percent per decade, while the summer minimum has seen an even steeper drop of 13.7 percent per decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decline is linked to the rapid warming of the region, which is heating up twice as fast as the rest of the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter, that warmth reached astounding levels, with air temperatures over the Arctic Ocean ranging from 4°F to 11°F (2°C to 6°C) above average in nearly every region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That incredible warmth helped contribute to January and February successively setting the record for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/february-winter-record-warm-for-planet-20150\">most anomalously warm months\u003c/a> globally in more than 130 years of record keeping.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 485,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1704930425,
"excerpt": "Driven by global warming, the annual Arctic sea ice winter maximum extent hit a record low.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Driven by global warming, the annual Arctic sea ice winter maximum extent hit a record low.",
"title": "Arctic Sea Ice Hits Record Low Peak, Again | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Arctic Sea Ice Hits Record Low Peak, Again",
"datePublished": "2016-03-29T10:06:41-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:47:05-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "arctic-sea-ice-hits-record-low-peak-again",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/what-we-do/people/andrea-thompson\">Andrea Thompson\u003c/a>,Climate Central",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/604976/arctic-sea-ice-hits-record-low-peak-again",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s been a winter for the books in the Arctic. Capping off a season of sustained, mind-boggling warm weather and \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-ice-record-low-again-20044\">stunted sea ice growth\u003c/a>, the annual Arctic sea ice maximum hit its lowest level ever recorded. That marks the second straight year that the winter maximum ice extent set a record low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen such a warm, crazy winter in the Arctic,” Mark Serreze, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://nsidc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Snow and Ice Data Center\u003c/a>, said in a statement. “The heat was relentless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with other indicators like global average temperature and sea level rise, the record-setting sea ice cover is a key example of how much climate change is affecting the planet. Diminished sea ice can impact the ability of Arctic species like polar bears and walruses to find food, and could \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/polar-vortex-whats-the-role-of-warming-18654\">impact the weather\u003c/a> across North America, Europe and Asia, though that connection is still contentious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Arctic is in crisis. Year by year, it’s slipping into a new state, and it’s hard to see how that won’t have an effect on weather throughout the Northern Hemisphere,” Ted Scambos, an NSIDC lead scientist, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://nsidc.org/news/newsroom/arctic-sets-yet-another-record-low-maximum-extent\">NSIDC announced on Monday\u003c/a> that Arctic sea ice hit its maximum extent for the winter on March 24, when it averaged 5.607 million square miles. That beat \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-sea-hits-record-low-winter-peak-18795\">last year’s record low\u003c/a> of 5.612 million square miles, set on Feb. 25, 2015, by 5,000 square miles or just a bit smaller than the area of Connecticut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ferqrZi4WF4?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s peak came earlier than is typical, while this year’s was later than the average peak time. That late peak date sets up a shorter-than-normal ice melt season this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The record low maximum doesn’t necessarily guarantee a record-low summer sea ice minimum, though, as ice melt depends heavily on Arctic weather patterns through the spring and summer months. Last year’s minimum was the\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/arctic-ice-4th-lowest-record-19455\">fourth lowest on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, though, Arctic sea ice has seen \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/video-old-arctic-sea-ice-20112\">a clear decline\u003c/a> since satellites first began monitoring it in 1979. Since that time, winter sea ice extent has dropped 3.2 percent per decade, while the summer minimum has seen an even steeper drop of 13.7 percent per decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decline is linked to the rapid warming of the region, which is heating up twice as fast as the rest of the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter, that warmth reached astounding levels, with air temperatures over the Arctic Ocean ranging from 4°F to 11°F (2°C to 6°C) above average in nearly every region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That incredible warmth helped contribute to January and February successively setting the record for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/february-winter-record-warm-for-planet-20150\">most anomalously warm months\u003c/a> globally in more than 130 years of record keeping.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/604976/arctic-sea-ice-hits-record-low-peak-again",
"authors": [
"byline_science_604976"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_194"
],
"featImg": "science_604987",
"label": "science"
},
"science_603140": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_603140",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "603140",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1459189722000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1459189722,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Pacific Ocean Pattern Could Predict U.S. Heat Waves",
"headTitle": "Pacific Ocean Pattern Could Predict U.S. Heat Waves | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>In the summer of 2012, a series of punishing heat waves roasted a large portion of the U.S. with \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2012-heat-wave-rolls-on-as-July-warmest-month-on-record-14773\">record-breaking temperatures\u003c/a> that helped spawn one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2012-drought-inches-up-in-us-historical-rankings-14818\">most widespread and costliest droughts\u003c/a> to hit the country in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined, the blistering temperatures and drought cost some $31.5 billion and led to dozens of deaths. The heat was so intense that it melted roads and airport runways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”55yb5ocAOi72b5skbecQTqbNo12PsiS8″]In May of that year, when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issued its forecast for the summer, it had \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/lack-of-warning-on-2012-us-drought-reflects-flaws-in-forecasting-14823\">predicted normal temperatures\u003c/a> for the Midwest and Northeast — a forecast that clearly fell short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such seasonal forecasting is notoriously difficult, but a new study detailed Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/ngeo2687\">Nature Geoscience\u003c/a> points to a way to potentially better predict the type of \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/extreme-heat-climate-change-19641\">extreme heat\u003c/a> that engulfed the country that summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By identifying a pattern of Pacific Ocean temperatures that seems to precede major heat events in the eastern U.S., the study could help forecasters give farmers, cities and utilities more time to prepare. Such early warnings will become more and more critical as the world continues to warm and heat waves become more frequent and more intense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been very hard to get accurate, long lead-time prediction,” \u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/noah-diffenbaugh\">Noah Diffenbaugh\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at Stanford University who wasn’t involved with the research, said. “This paper is kind of extending our potential to have this longer time-scale predictability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ocean Pattern Pops Up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://staff.ucar.edu/users/mckinnon\">Karen McKinnon\u003c/a> and her colleagues found the connection to Pacific Ocean temperatures by first looking at daily temperature data for the period from late June to late August from 1,613 weather stations across the U.S. going back to 1982. They divided the country into broad regions that tend to experience extreme heat at the same time. (A day with extreme heat was defined as one where the warmest 5 percent of weather stations in the region had temperatures at least 11.7°F, or 6.5°C, above average.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They focused on the largest grouping to emerge, which spanned from the Midwest down into the Southeast and up the coast to the Northeast. That area coincides with major population centers, as well as key farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers then looked to see if those days of extreme heat tended to correspond with any particular patterns of sea surface temperatures in the North Pacific. One pattern “just popped up super clearly,” McKinnon, a postdoctoral researcher at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., said. In an area spanning the breadth of the ocean basin and roughly the same latitudes as the U.S., they found cooler-than-normal waters to the north butted up against warmer-than-normal waters to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not only did the pattern show up at the same time as the extreme heat in the eastern U.S., the team could trace it back in time to before the heat wave hit and use it to predict the likelihood of the extreme hot weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found the ocean pattern could be used to predict increased odds for extreme heat in the broad region up to 50 days out, with the skill of the predictions increasing closer to the event as the ocean pattern evolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team used the pattern to do a “hindcast” of the punishing summer of 2012, and were able to predict increased odds of extreme heat for the end of June as early as mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern could also be used to predict extreme heat for some individual stations, the team found, mostly in a region in the middle of the country. The clearer connection there is likely due to the fact that the domes of hot air associated with heat waves tend to be centered on that area, McKinnon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly why the ocean pattern and extreme eastern U.S. heat are connected isn’t yet clear. The two main ideas, McKinnon said, are that the ocean pattern is influencing the atmosphere in a way that leads to the eventual heat dome buildup, or that both the ocean pattern and the heat dome are caused by some other third factor. McKinnon and her colleagues are working now with computer models to “try and tease apart a little bit more” what’s happening, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Good Case Study’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the clearest implications of the \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/climate-change/climate-indicators/global-temperature\">overall warming of the planet\u003c/a> as greenhouse gases trap more and more heat in the atmosphere is that heat waves will \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/searing-heat-waves-could-become-annual-threat-20066\">become more common and more intense\u003c/a>, raising concerns about future impacts to agriculture, infrastructure and vulnerable populations. Such concerns could make long-term predictions particularly valuable in the future because “we can make decisions about how to manage risk,” Diffenbaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hurdle to jump, though, is to try to use this ocean pattern to make forecasts in real-time “to see if it really works,”\u003ca href=\"http://mikeventrice.weebly.com/\">Michael Ventrice\u003c/a>, an operational meteorologist with the Weather Company, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKinnon and her team are planning to do just that this year, possibly starting sometime in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the models that Ventrice and other seasonal forecasters use are predicting one of the hottest summers in recent years. The ocean pattern that McKinnon and her colleagues identified, though, is flipped, which would tend to suggest cooler summer weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a good case study,” Ventrice, who was not involved with the research, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously it’s a little bit scary,” McKinnon said of doing real-time forecasts, because even if their forecast track record is good across many years, it could be off for a particular year. Other myriad climate factors play a role in the weather, and any one of them could overwhelm the Pacific Ocean connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there’s still work to do to understand and firm up the link between extreme heat and Pacific Ocean temperature patterns, the possibility is intriguing because “we’re always looking for better ways” to extend seasonal predictions, Ventrice said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1037,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 23
},
"modified": 1704930430,
"excerpt": null,
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "In the summer of 2012, a series of punishing heat waves roasted a large portion of the U.S. with record-breaking temperatures that helped spawn one of the most widespread and costliest droughts to hit the country in decades. Combined, the blistering temperatures and drought cost some $31.5 billion and led to dozens of deaths. The",
"title": "Pacific Ocean Pattern Could Predict U.S. Heat Waves | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Pacific Ocean Pattern Could Predict U.S. Heat Waves",
"datePublished": "2016-03-28T11:28:42-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:47:10-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "pacific-ocean-pattern-could-predict-u-s-heat-waves",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/what-we-do/people/andrea-thompson\">Andrea Thompson\u003c/a>, Climate Central",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/603140/pacific-ocean-pattern-could-predict-u-s-heat-waves",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the summer of 2012, a series of punishing heat waves roasted a large portion of the U.S. with \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2012-heat-wave-rolls-on-as-July-warmest-month-on-record-14773\">record-breaking temperatures\u003c/a> that helped spawn one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/2012-drought-inches-up-in-us-historical-rankings-14818\">most widespread and costliest droughts\u003c/a> to hit the country in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combined, the blistering temperatures and drought cost some $31.5 billion and led to dozens of deaths. The heat was so intense that it melted roads and airport runways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In May of that year, when the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration issued its forecast for the summer, it had \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/lack-of-warning-on-2012-us-drought-reflects-flaws-in-forecasting-14823\">predicted normal temperatures\u003c/a> for the Midwest and Northeast — a forecast that clearly fell short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such seasonal forecasting is notoriously difficult, but a new study detailed Monday in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/ngeo2687\">Nature Geoscience\u003c/a> points to a way to potentially better predict the type of \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/extreme-heat-climate-change-19641\">extreme heat\u003c/a> that engulfed the country that summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By identifying a pattern of Pacific Ocean temperatures that seems to precede major heat events in the eastern U.S., the study could help forecasters give farmers, cities and utilities more time to prepare. Such early warnings will become more and more critical as the world continues to warm and heat waves become more frequent and more intense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been very hard to get accurate, long lead-time prediction,” \u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/noah-diffenbaugh\">Noah Diffenbaugh\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at Stanford University who wasn’t involved with the research, said. “This paper is kind of extending our potential to have this longer time-scale predictability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ocean Pattern Pops Up\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://staff.ucar.edu/users/mckinnon\">Karen McKinnon\u003c/a> and her colleagues found the connection to Pacific Ocean temperatures by first looking at daily temperature data for the period from late June to late August from 1,613 weather stations across the U.S. going back to 1982. They divided the country into broad regions that tend to experience extreme heat at the same time. (A day with extreme heat was defined as one where the warmest 5 percent of weather stations in the region had temperatures at least 11.7°F, or 6.5°C, above average.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They focused on the largest grouping to emerge, which spanned from the Midwest down into the Southeast and up the coast to the Northeast. That area coincides with major population centers, as well as key farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers then looked to see if those days of extreme heat tended to correspond with any particular patterns of sea surface temperatures in the North Pacific. One pattern “just popped up super clearly,” McKinnon, a postdoctoral researcher at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., said. In an area spanning the breadth of the ocean basin and roughly the same latitudes as the U.S., they found cooler-than-normal waters to the north butted up against warmer-than-normal waters to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not only did the pattern show up at the same time as the extreme heat in the eastern U.S., the team could trace it back in time to before the heat wave hit and use it to predict the likelihood of the extreme hot weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found the ocean pattern could be used to predict increased odds for extreme heat in the broad region up to 50 days out, with the skill of the predictions increasing closer to the event as the ocean pattern evolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team used the pattern to do a “hindcast” of the punishing summer of 2012, and were able to predict increased odds of extreme heat for the end of June as early as mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pattern could also be used to predict extreme heat for some individual stations, the team found, mostly in a region in the middle of the country. The clearer connection there is likely due to the fact that the domes of hot air associated with heat waves tend to be centered on that area, McKinnon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly why the ocean pattern and extreme eastern U.S. heat are connected isn’t yet clear. The two main ideas, McKinnon said, are that the ocean pattern is influencing the atmosphere in a way that leads to the eventual heat dome buildup, or that both the ocean pattern and the heat dome are caused by some other third factor. McKinnon and her colleagues are working now with computer models to “try and tease apart a little bit more” what’s happening, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Good Case Study’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of the clearest implications of the \u003ca href=\"http://wxshift.com/climate-change/climate-indicators/global-temperature\">overall warming of the planet\u003c/a> as greenhouse gases trap more and more heat in the atmosphere is that heat waves will \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/searing-heat-waves-could-become-annual-threat-20066\">become more common and more intense\u003c/a>, raising concerns about future impacts to agriculture, infrastructure and vulnerable populations. Such concerns could make long-term predictions particularly valuable in the future because “we can make decisions about how to manage risk,” Diffenbaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hurdle to jump, though, is to try to use this ocean pattern to make forecasts in real-time “to see if it really works,”\u003ca href=\"http://mikeventrice.weebly.com/\">Michael Ventrice\u003c/a>, an operational meteorologist with the Weather Company, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKinnon and her team are planning to do just that this year, possibly starting sometime in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the models that Ventrice and other seasonal forecasters use are predicting one of the hottest summers in recent years. The ocean pattern that McKinnon and her colleagues identified, though, is flipped, which would tend to suggest cooler summer weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a good case study,” Ventrice, who was not involved with the research, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously it’s a little bit scary,” McKinnon said of doing real-time forecasts, because even if their forecast track record is good across many years, it could be off for a particular year. Other myriad climate factors play a role in the weather, and any one of them could overwhelm the Pacific Ocean connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there’s still work to do to understand and firm up the link between extreme heat and Pacific Ocean temperature patterns, the possibility is intriguing because “we’re always looking for better ways” to extend seasonal predictions, Ventrice said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/603140/pacific-ocean-pattern-could-predict-u-s-heat-waves",
"authors": [
"byline_science_603140"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1678",
"science_383"
],
"featImg": "science_603223",
"label": "science"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=news": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 2760,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 3383,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_622359",
"science_620606",
"science_619596",
"science_617298",
"science_610026",
"science_611159",
"science_605319",
"science_605654",
"science_606852",
"science_605069",
"science_604976",
"science_603140"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_news": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"source_science_622359": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_622359",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Oregon Public Broadcasting",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_620606": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_620606",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.waterdeeply.org/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a> ",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_619596": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_619596",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Associated Press\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_606852": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_606852",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "\u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/fronts/HOME?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME\">Associated Press\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_605069": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_605069",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KPCC",
"link": "http://www.scpr.org",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_1195": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1195",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1195",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "dams",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "dams Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1204,
"slug": "dams",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/dams"
},
"science_247": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_247",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "247",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "salmon",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "salmon Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 251,
"slug": "salmon",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/salmon"
},
"science_572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 578,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought"
},
"science_968": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_968",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "968",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "silicon valley",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "silicon valley Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 975,
"slug": "silicon-valley",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/silicon-valley"
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_192": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_192",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "192",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 196,
"slug": "environment-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environment-2"
},
"science_5181": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5181",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5181",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5181,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/health"
},
"science_1151": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1151",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1151",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Drought Watch",
"description": "\u003cem>What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>)\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n[iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"]\r\n\r\n\u003cem>We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the \u003ca href=\"#background\">background\u003c/a> and rounding up \u003ca href=\"#river\">all the stories\u003c/a> we’ve produced.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Relief at Last\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. Relief at Last In early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago. [http_redir]",
"title": "Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1160,
"slug": "california-drought-watch",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/california-drought-watch"
},
"science_876": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_876",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "876",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water conservation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water conservation Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 882,
"slug": "water-conservation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/water-conservation"
},
"science_46": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_46",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "46",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Audio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Audio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 48,
"slug": "audio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/audio"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_1916": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1916",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1916",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "coal",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "coal Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1927,
"slug": "coal",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/coal"
},
"science_1041": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1041",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1041",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "natural gas",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "natural gas Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1049,
"slug": "natural-gas",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/natural-gas"
},
"science_283": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_283",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "283",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "power grid",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "power grid Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 288,
"slug": "power-grid",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/power-grid"
},
"science_140": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_140",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "140",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "renewable energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "renewable energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 144,
"slug": "renewable-energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/renewable-energy"
},
"science_138": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_138",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "138",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "solar",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "solar Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 142,
"slug": "solar",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/solar"
},
"science_28": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_28",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "28",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Astronomy",
"description": "Explore the universe with KQED Science! Dive into the latest astronomy news, discover celestial events, and unravel the mysteries of outer space.",
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Explore the universe with KQED Science! Dive into the latest astronomy news, discover celestial events, and unravel the mysteries of outer space.",
"title": "Astronomy Articles | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 30,
"slug": "astronomy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/astronomy"
},
"science_498": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_498",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "498",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cassini",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cassini Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 504,
"slug": "cassini",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/cassini"
},
"science_5175": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5175",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5175",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NASA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NASA Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5175,
"slug": "nasa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/nasa"
},
"science_502": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_502",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "502",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "titan",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "titan Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 508,
"slug": "titan",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/titan"
},
"science_1622": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1622",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1622",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1631,
"slug": "california-drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california-drought"
},
"science_1462": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1462",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1462",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Sierra snowpack",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Sierra snowpack Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1471,
"slug": "sierra-snowpack",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/sierra-snowpack"
},
"science_784": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_784",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "784",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "methane",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "methane Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 791,
"slug": "methane",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/methane"
},
"science_2948": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2948",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2948",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "automobiles",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "automobiles Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2948,
"slug": "automobiles",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/automobiles"
},
"science_704": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_704",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "704",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cars",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cars Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 711,
"slug": "cars",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/cars"
},
"science_2873": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2873",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2873",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oceans Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2873,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/oceans"
},
"science_1678": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1678",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1678",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate central",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate central Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1687,
"slug": "climate-central",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-central"
},
"science_383": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_383",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "383",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "heat wave",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "heat wave Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 389,
"slug": "heat-wave",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/heat-wave"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
