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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To say Teddy Roosevelt was a wise man is an understatement. At the turn of the 20th century, in a time of rapidly increasing industrialization and the rapacious plundering of the natural world, Roosevelt got it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The giant sequoias tucked away in the folds of California’s Sierra Nevada mountains could have been a source for millions of wood planks. Instead, they’re the source of millions of memories and a reflection on what it means to be human, thanks to efforts of conservationists, including Roosevelt, more than a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coarse-grained wood encased within the sequoias’ burnt orange trunks tells a history that stretches well beyond our individual lifespans. These trees have lived through the birth of Christ, the Spanish settlement of the U.S., and the California gold rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staring up from their gnarly base to their bushy crowns nearly 300 feet above the forest floor is to share a sense of wonder experienced by generations. It’s impossible not to be awed by their size — after all they’re among the largest living things on the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read \u003ca href=\"http://reports.climatecentral.org/nps/overview/\">the full story\u003c/a> at Climate Central.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Acidifying Waters Put Dungeness Crabs at Risk",
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"content": "\u003cp>When it comes to American culinary institutions, the Dungeness crabs that are hauled ashore from California to Washington state every winter season are the crustacean equivalents of apple pie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bountiful crab meat is a holiday staple in the San Francisco Bay Area and beyond. When crabbing was \u003ca href=\"http://kron4.com/2016/05/19/last-dungeness-crab-health-advisory-along-california-coast-lifted/\">suspended in the fall\u003c/a> by an algae outbreak, journalists flocked to docks to produce lead news stories — just as they did when \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/aceh/governors_press_release_fisheries_opened.pdf\">crabbing was restricted\u003c/a> following a 2007 oil spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research published this month could give a crab connoisseur a case of acid reflux.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”F45KCrLox7dTLRyBml9SMvffRA8tcqIs”]Scientists \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00227-016-2883-1\">reported in the journal Marine Biology\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/ocean-acidification-impacts-on-sea-life\">ocean acidification\u003c/a>, which is caused when carbon dioxide pollution dissolves into oceans, can kill and stunt young crabs, potentially jeopardizing whole populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something that’s projected into the future, but you don’t want to wait until a crisis,” John Mellor, a Dungeness crab fishermen who docks his boat in San Francisco, said during an interview last week in Washington, D.C., where he was meeting with lawmakers and others. “I’m here to try to convince people to give money for research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists grew eggs and larvae from Puget Sound crabs in water containing pH resembling current and future conditions. They reported that more acidic seawater slowed the development of embryos and larvae and caused an “appreciable” number of larvae to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification is caused by carbon dioxide pollution — the same pollutant from fuel burning and deforestation that changes the climate. After carbon dioxide dissolves into seawater, it undergoes chemical reactions that change the pH and remove chemicals needed by corals, shellfish and other creatures to produce rigid body parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Coast waters are more prone to acidification than other regions. As the threat of acidifying waters weighs on the minds of crabbers, those who grow shellfish are already being directly affected. The Pacific Northwest’s oyster growing industry has been experiencing substantial losses of young shellfish \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2009336458_oysters14m.html\">linked to acidification since 2005\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The really tough situation with the shellfish industry on the West Coast was the first major alarm bell,” said Jeff Watters, director of government relations at the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/\">Ocean Conservancy\u003c/a>. “That was the first moment where you literally had an industry who said, ‘Holy cow, this could shut us down.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=u_8QSSQAAAAJ&hl=en\">Seth Miller\u003c/a>, a Smithsonian Environmental Research Center scientist who wasn’t involved with the new study, said it added Dungeness crabs to the “long list of crustaceans and other invertebrates that will likely be negatively impacted” by ocean acidification during their larval stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Dungeness larvae develop slowly under acidified conditions, they’re likely going to struggle even more when you layer on other climate-related stressors like rising temperatures,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller said the research provides a “first look” at how acidification could affect crab populations. Scientists don’t know whether acidification is affecting crab populations already — nor do they precisely know how it could affect them in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have any direct evidence that they’re currently being affected, except that in some places we see a decreased survival under conditions that currently exist in some places,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/contact/display_staffprofile.cfm?staffid=168\">Paul McElhany\u003c/a>, a NOAA ecologist who participated in the new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re completely into new territory,” McElhany said. “Carbon dioxide has never changed this rapidly as far as we can tell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Coast’s crab population is a large one, occupying vast territory in the Pacific Ocean, raising hopes that it may harbor enough genetic variety to help it withstand environmental tumult, such as acidification. But how resilient it will actually be remains unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re only able to do experiments on a few life stages for a certain amount of time,” McElhany said. “So the question of the role that diversity might play in potential evolutionary response — that’s something that’s really just unknown at the moment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coastal Washington state district of Rep. \u003ca href=\"http://kilmer.house.gov/\">Derek Kilmer\u003c/a>, a Democrat, contains thousands of people whose livelihoods depend on shellfish. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/114/hr1967/summary\">has introduced legislation\u003c/a> designed to spur more research through federal grants and innovation prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a real concern that, as you see changing ocean chemistry, that that’s a threat to their livelihood,” Kilmer said. “We’re trying to shine a bright light on the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further research could help determine whether the crabs could evolve quickly enough or learn to adapt to changing pH concentrations. Such research may provide clues as to whether anything could be done to help crabs withstand acidification — apart from drastically curbing fossil fuel burning and deforestation, which is the goal of a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/paris-agreement-signed-united-nations-20282\">United Nations climate change treaty\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bill is not going to solve all the world’s problems,” Kilmer said. “To me, this is one of many things that have to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When it comes to American culinary institutions, the Dungeness crabs that are hauled ashore from California to Washington state every winter season are the crustacean equivalents of apple pie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bountiful crab meat is a holiday staple in the San Francisco Bay Area and beyond. When crabbing was \u003ca href=\"http://kron4.com/2016/05/19/last-dungeness-crab-health-advisory-along-california-coast-lifted/\">suspended in the fall\u003c/a> by an algae outbreak, journalists flocked to docks to produce lead news stories — just as they did when \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/aceh/governors_press_release_fisheries_opened.pdf\">crabbing was restricted\u003c/a> following a 2007 oil spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research published this month could give a crab connoisseur a case of acid reflux.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00227-016-2883-1\">reported in the journal Marine Biology\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/ocean-acidification-impacts-on-sea-life\">ocean acidification\u003c/a>, which is caused when carbon dioxide pollution dissolves into oceans, can kill and stunt young crabs, potentially jeopardizing whole populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something that’s projected into the future, but you don’t want to wait until a crisis,” John Mellor, a Dungeness crab fishermen who docks his boat in San Francisco, said during an interview last week in Washington, D.C., where he was meeting with lawmakers and others. “I’m here to try to convince people to give money for research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists grew eggs and larvae from Puget Sound crabs in water containing pH resembling current and future conditions. They reported that more acidic seawater slowed the development of embryos and larvae and caused an “appreciable” number of larvae to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification is caused by carbon dioxide pollution — the same pollutant from fuel burning and deforestation that changes the climate. After carbon dioxide dissolves into seawater, it undergoes chemical reactions that change the pH and remove chemicals needed by corals, shellfish and other creatures to produce rigid body parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Coast waters are more prone to acidification than other regions. As the threat of acidifying waters weighs on the minds of crabbers, those who grow shellfish are already being directly affected. The Pacific Northwest’s oyster growing industry has been experiencing substantial losses of young shellfish \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2009336458_oysters14m.html\">linked to acidification since 2005\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The really tough situation with the shellfish industry on the West Coast was the first major alarm bell,” said Jeff Watters, director of government relations at the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceanconservancy.org/\">Ocean Conservancy\u003c/a>. “That was the first moment where you literally had an industry who said, ‘Holy cow, this could shut us down.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=u_8QSSQAAAAJ&hl=en\">Seth Miller\u003c/a>, a Smithsonian Environmental Research Center scientist who wasn’t involved with the new study, said it added Dungeness crabs to the “long list of crustaceans and other invertebrates that will likely be negatively impacted” by ocean acidification during their larval stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Dungeness larvae develop slowly under acidified conditions, they’re likely going to struggle even more when you layer on other climate-related stressors like rising temperatures,” Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller said the research provides a “first look” at how acidification could affect crab populations. Scientists don’t know whether acidification is affecting crab populations already — nor do they precisely know how it could affect them in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have any direct evidence that they’re currently being affected, except that in some places we see a decreased survival under conditions that currently exist in some places,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/contact/display_staffprofile.cfm?staffid=168\">Paul McElhany\u003c/a>, a NOAA ecologist who participated in the new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re completely into new territory,” McElhany said. “Carbon dioxide has never changed this rapidly as far as we can tell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The West Coast’s crab population is a large one, occupying vast territory in the Pacific Ocean, raising hopes that it may harbor enough genetic variety to help it withstand environmental tumult, such as acidification. But how resilient it will actually be remains unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re only able to do experiments on a few life stages for a certain amount of time,” McElhany said. “So the question of the role that diversity might play in potential evolutionary response — that’s something that’s really just unknown at the moment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coastal Washington state district of Rep. \u003ca href=\"http://kilmer.house.gov/\">Derek Kilmer\u003c/a>, a Democrat, contains thousands of people whose livelihoods depend on shellfish. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/114/hr1967/summary\">has introduced legislation\u003c/a> designed to spur more research through federal grants and innovation prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a real concern that, as you see changing ocean chemistry, that that’s a threat to their livelihood,” Kilmer said. “We’re trying to shine a bright light on the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further research could help determine whether the crabs could evolve quickly enough or learn to adapt to changing pH concentrations. Such research may provide clues as to whether anything could be done to help crabs withstand acidification — apart from drastically curbing fossil fuel burning and deforestation, which is the goal of a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/paris-agreement-signed-united-nations-20282\">United Nations climate change treaty\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bill is not going to solve all the world’s problems,” Kilmer said. “To me, this is one of many things that have to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Utilities Want To Plug In More Electric Drivers",
"headTitle": "Utilities Want To Plug In More Electric Drivers | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>What region leads the nation in electric car sales? Here’s a hint, one of the city mayors drives a plug-in hybrid and Tesla Motors is located there. Well, that was kind of a big hint. Yes, the number one market for electric vehicle adoption is the San Francisco Bay Area (S.F. Mayor Ed Lee drives a Chevy Volt).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there are more than 100 public charging stations in San Francisco, electric car drivers can’t always find a place to plug in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We need more chargers and we need them yesterday.’\u003ccite>Maureen Blanc, Charge Across Town\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Standing in front of city hall near a row of private chargers reserved for the city’s electric fleet, Maureen Blanc shakes her head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we don’t see here, which is very frustrating and they are probably buried in the parking garage,” she says, “are the public chargers for everyday people to use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blanc says chargers are not always accessible. Many are inside parking garages where drivers have to pay to use them. Beyond that, she says, “There are a lot of broken chargers where you pull into a garage and they are broken or they are old.” Or, Blanc says, they are in use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aiming to grow the charging network in California, Blanc helped start an advocacy group called \u003ca href=\"http://www.chargeacrosstown.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charge Across Town\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though most of us charge at home,” she says, “you still want to know that when you’re traveling, whether it’s to Marin or the south bay or even up to Lake Tahoe, that you’re going to get there and not have to worry about finding an electric vehicle outlet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_713858\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-713858\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Electric Car Driver Maureen Blanc\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Electric car driver Maureen Blanc \u003ccite>(Andrea Kissack/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But chargers cost money, says Dan Sperling, a member of the California Air Resources Board. He stresses that building charging stations can be a tough business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amount of revenue generated is fifty cents, a dollar per charge,” he says, “and so you are not going to make a lot of money from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private companies have relied, in part, on federal and state grants to help build much of California’s public charging network and now some of those grants are running out. That’s tough timing for the state’s efforts to reach its ambitious clean air goals. California has set a goal of building an infrastructure to support a million clean cars by 2020 — that’s five times the number of electric cars on the roads now. So the public charging network is going to need to scale up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are just over 9,000 public charging points, or outlets, in California right now. Those include 120v and 220v stations, plus fast chargers, which juice up a car in less than 20 minutes. But to keep pace with efforts to get more electric cars on the roads, the state needs at least 40,000 more charging points by 2020, according to one estimate by the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”7iRpbksr6A4bO4sLtkOgbq30DJPt3ZAJ”]By the way, those numbers don’t include Tesla’s proprietary network, which only Tesla drivers can access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To give the electric car charging network another jump start, state regulators have invited California’s major utilities into the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has submitted \u003ca href=\"http://greenlining.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/JtMotiontoAdoptSettlementAll-03-21-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a plan\u003c/a> to roll out thousands of electric car chargers across its service area, in central and northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our electric vehicle charging program is really targeted at multi-unit dwellings and workplace charging,” says PG&E vice president Aaron Johnson. “The idea is to deploy about 7500 chargers across that area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s the Controversial Part\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E wants to build, own and operate the charging stations itself. To do that, the utility wants to charge ratepayers 22 cents a month. Johnson says the plan is meant to make it easier for customers to communicate with PG&E for all of their charging needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The actual site host, the customer that is going to install the charging infrastructure, won’t have to work with multiple entities,” he explains. “They will be able to just work with us and then choose from a number of providers who are available, and we’ll also perform the maintenance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PG&E’s proposal to own the stations does not sit well with private charging companies or utility reform groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_713859\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-713859\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Mercer and Abdellah Cherkaoui with the electric car charging service, Volta\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Mercer and Abdellah Cherkaoui with the electric car charging service, Volta \u003ccite>(Andrea Kissack/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“PG&E is charging rate payers for the capital expenses to build a charging network,” says Scott Mercer, CEO of Volta, a San Francisco start-up that builds free plug-in charging stations and makes its money by selling ads on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mercer believes PG&E’s plan is akin to a utility wanting to own a gas station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If PG&E came to me and said I would be required to pay to build the gasoline infrastructure that would give them a monopoly to profit on selling gasoline,” he says, “I’d feel a little weird about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mercer says utilities can help open up under-served markets like apartment buildings but he thinks PG&E’s current proposal would stifle the growth of companies like his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“EV charging is still very much in its early days,” he says, “so to hand over to a utility company what is a practical monopoly seems like a very dangerous thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a> will decide on the PG&E plan this summer.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Automakers plan to roll out more electric cars in the next few years. But will there be enough stations to charge them up? ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What region leads the nation in electric car sales? Here’s a hint, one of the city mayors drives a plug-in hybrid and Tesla Motors is located there. Well, that was kind of a big hint. Yes, the number one market for electric vehicle adoption is the San Francisco Bay Area (S.F. Mayor Ed Lee drives a Chevy Volt).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there are more than 100 public charging stations in San Francisco, electric car drivers can’t always find a place to plug in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We need more chargers and we need them yesterday.’\u003ccite>Maureen Blanc, Charge Across Town\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Standing in front of city hall near a row of private chargers reserved for the city’s electric fleet, Maureen Blanc shakes her head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we don’t see here, which is very frustrating and they are probably buried in the parking garage,” she says, “are the public chargers for everyday people to use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blanc says chargers are not always accessible. Many are inside parking garages where drivers have to pay to use them. Beyond that, she says, “There are a lot of broken chargers where you pull into a garage and they are broken or they are old.” Or, Blanc says, they are in use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aiming to grow the charging network in California, Blanc helped start an advocacy group called \u003ca href=\"http://www.chargeacrosstown.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charge Across Town\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though most of us charge at home,” she says, “you still want to know that when you’re traveling, whether it’s to Marin or the south bay or even up to Lake Tahoe, that you’re going to get there and not have to worry about finding an electric vehicle outlet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_713858\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-713858\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Electric Car Driver Maureen Blanc\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0170.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Electric car driver Maureen Blanc \u003ccite>(Andrea Kissack/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But chargers cost money, says Dan Sperling, a member of the California Air Resources Board. He stresses that building charging stations can be a tough business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The amount of revenue generated is fifty cents, a dollar per charge,” he says, “and so you are not going to make a lot of money from that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private companies have relied, in part, on federal and state grants to help build much of California’s public charging network and now some of those grants are running out. That’s tough timing for the state’s efforts to reach its ambitious clean air goals. California has set a goal of building an infrastructure to support a million clean cars by 2020 — that’s five times the number of electric cars on the roads now. So the public charging network is going to need to scale up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are just over 9,000 public charging points, or outlets, in California right now. Those include 120v and 220v stations, plus fast chargers, which juice up a car in less than 20 minutes. But to keep pace with efforts to get more electric cars on the roads, the state needs at least 40,000 more charging points by 2020, according to one estimate by the California Energy Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>By the way, those numbers don’t include Tesla’s proprietary network, which only Tesla drivers can access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To give the electric car charging network another jump start, state regulators have invited California’s major utilities into the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has submitted \u003ca href=\"http://greenlining.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/JtMotiontoAdoptSettlementAll-03-21-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a plan\u003c/a> to roll out thousands of electric car chargers across its service area, in central and northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our electric vehicle charging program is really targeted at multi-unit dwellings and workplace charging,” says PG&E vice president Aaron Johnson. “The idea is to deploy about 7500 chargers across that area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s the Controversial Part\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E wants to build, own and operate the charging stations itself. To do that, the utility wants to charge ratepayers 22 cents a month. Johnson says the plan is meant to make it easier for customers to communicate with PG&E for all of their charging needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The actual site host, the customer that is going to install the charging infrastructure, won’t have to work with multiple entities,” he explains. “They will be able to just work with us and then choose from a number of providers who are available, and we’ll also perform the maintenance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But PG&E’s proposal to own the stations does not sit well with private charging companies or utility reform groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_713859\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-713859\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Mercer and Abdellah Cherkaoui with the electric car charging service, Volta\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0118.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Mercer and Abdellah Cherkaoui with the electric car charging service, Volta \u003ccite>(Andrea Kissack/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“PG&E is charging rate payers for the capital expenses to build a charging network,” says Scott Mercer, CEO of Volta, a San Francisco start-up that builds free plug-in charging stations and makes its money by selling ads on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mercer believes PG&E’s plan is akin to a utility wanting to own a gas station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If PG&E came to me and said I would be required to pay to build the gasoline infrastructure that would give them a monopoly to profit on selling gasoline,” he says, “I’d feel a little weird about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mercer says utilities can help open up under-served markets like apartment buildings but he thinks PG&E’s current proposal would stifle the growth of companies like his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“EV charging is still very much in its early days,” he says, “so to hand over to a utility company what is a practical monopoly seems like a very dangerous thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a> will decide on the PG&E plan this summer.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "A Warming World Means Less Water, With Economic Consequences",
"headTitle": "A Warming World Means Less Water, With Economic Consequences | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>We often associate climate change with too much water — the melting ice caps triggering a rise in sea levels. Now a new World Bank report says we also need to think about too little water — the potable sort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/publication/high-and-dry-climate-change-water-and-the-economy\">High and Dry: Climate Change, Water, and the Economy\u003c/a> examines the future effects of diminishing water supplies on the world. “Water-related climate risks cascade through food, energy, urban, and environmental systems,” researchers write. “Growing populations, rising incomes, and expanding cities will converge upon a world where the demand for water rises exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”UfkPBH7ceMQyx4UIV3DYzmPZwo3IUd0W”]The World Bank says that in areas where water is readily available, like Central Africa and East Asia, it could become harder to find. And in areas like the Middle East, already facing water problems, “scarcity will greatly worsen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also note the spikes in food prices a water shortage would cause, which in turn would likely lead to conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are all fairly evident consequences of global warming. The report treads new ground, however, in evaluating the economic impacts of this water scarcity. Researchers say water shortages could cause certain areas to lose as much as 6 percent of their gross domestic product “as a result of water-related losses in agriculture, health, income, and property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report emphasizes three ways to mitigate the problems. The first is “better planning and incentives.” This involves things like using water prices and permits wisely to ensure water is used for “higher-value” purposes. The authors say that paradoxically, in societies where water is considered free, the poor end up paying more for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, they advise expanding “water supply and availability,” through more dams, water recycling and even sometimes desalination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They finally advise ” ‘water proofing’ economies” to economic shocks. They advocate crop insurance for farmers and building walls and levees to protect cities from floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Damania led the team that wrote the report. He joined NPR’s Michel Martin from Colombo in Sri Lanka, a country that has recently experienced water problems of its own, in the form of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/19/478679396/photos-rain-hampers-search-for-families-missing-after-sri-lankan-landslides\">torrential rain\u003c/a> and flooding. He talked more about what the report shows, why economies need water and why pricing water may be better for the world’s poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Interview highlights contain some extended, Web-only answers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Interview Highlights\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what the report shows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there are two important things that this report highlights. The first is that … the major impacts of climate change are felt through water — through the hydrological cycle. Through things like more intense rainfall, droughts, cyclones. Indeed, I’m here in Colombo and it’s pouring with rain and there’s a threat of floods. There’s intense bouts of rainfall which are unseasonal and unexpected. That’s one impact of climate change and that’s one of the things that the report highlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also highlights that if you happen to have, in some senses, the misfortune of living in an area that’s dry, most likely you’re going to get even drier because of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important point: We all know that we need water to live. But seldom do we recognize that the economy also needs water. So when you have insufficient water, this also acts as a drag on economic performance and therefore a drag on growth as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how they determined that climate change could cost some regions up to 6 percent of GDP\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We combined a model of climate change with a hydrological cycle and fed the results of that model into a very standard economic model — the sorts of economic models that are used routinely by economists. And we had water in that economic model. In most economic models water is actually ignored — we introduced water into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then we fed through what would be the likely consequences of climate change shrinking, shriveling supplies of water on economic growth. If you don’t have the water and your business needs water, of course this is going to increase your costs. Costs go up, therefore growth tends to be affected by it. So it’s quite logical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why many researchers haven’t studied water access economics before\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that’s partly because we tend to take water for granted, because we assume that it’s so abundant. Once upon a time water was very abundant. Today the world in which we live in, water is no longer terribly abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So all over the world, you have growing populations, growing demand for water. Combine that with more heat, more evaporation of the water, climate change changing the cycle, and we really are set for a somewhat different world to what we’ve been experiencing in the past and today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On transferring water from places that have too much to places with too little\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the report tries to emphasize is the following: That, if you have a shortage of water, there’s really only three things that you can do. You can try to increase the supply of water, but that’s dreadfully expensive, because all of the easy locations for water storage have been used up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or you could go to really expensive solutions like desalination or water reuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot more effort needs to be spent on managing demand. And we need to manage the demand for water in two ways. One, to be more efficient in how we use water — in other words, not to waste water. And secondly and related to that, we need to find ways of trying to allocate water from low-value-added wasteful uses to more higher-value-added uses that generate more growth and generate more employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put this into context, let me try to give you a list. There’s a couple of examples. Today in a lot of countries that are water-scarce, more water is lost through leaking pipes than is actually delivered to people in their taps and in their faucets. I mean, it’s quite obvious we need to fix those leaks, though they’re quite expensive to fix, but it clearly pays for itself in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also observe that in a lot of countries that are awfully dry, we provide them with, say, irrigation, and they tend to grow rice and water-thirsty crops — where really in deserts and arid regions one really shouldn’t be growing those water-thirsty crops. And one reason why that happens is because of the allocation of water. So rather than, say, allocating that water to a higher-value crop or a higher-valued industrial use or the city, it goes to something of lower value with lower yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So these are the kinds of shifts that need to actually happen. Some are easier to make than others, but they are long-term shifts and we need to start preparing and making them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the report’s finding that “free water” actually costs the poor money\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s step back a little. Water is a human right and there’s a United Nations resolution about it which declares water is a human right, and requires that water is provided at an affordable price for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a lot of countries where water is provided free, when water is free it tends to be served to those that have the political clout. And as a consequence … usually the people that have the political clout are the ones that are rich. So the poor are unserved, and they have to go to water vendors. And they typically pay three to four times the price per drop of water than would the person who’s either getting the water free or getting the water subsidized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we get these perverse effects that occur when no price is attached — at least to water that’s delivered to rich homes or to industrial users. It’s quite reasonable I think to suggest that as you pay for all inputs when you produce something and make a profit, it’s reasonable to also pay for water if you use that as an input into production and make a profit out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, we need to be extremely cautious and ensure that everyone gets adequate supplies of water, and there’s adequate flows for the environment as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some examples of countries where this happens?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can literally pick your country on the map where we have informal settlements — for example, where we have slums. And typically, there are no pipes to the slums — in most cases, nine times out of 10 I don’t have to name any country. And you will find that those people in the poor quarters of the city don’t have pipes and are unserved or underserved. Even if they have pipes, there’s no water being delivered into those pipes. What do they have to do? They have to go to vendors and they have to buy the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some countries, in addition, actually selling water is illegal. So this is all done on the black market, which could raise the price even further. So it’s not an uncommon phenomenon; it’s very, very widely observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Warming+World+Means+Less+Water%2C+With+Economic+Consequences&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We often associate climate change with too much water — the melting ice caps triggering a rise in sea levels. Now a new World Bank report says we also need to think about too little water — the potable sort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/publication/high-and-dry-climate-change-water-and-the-economy\">High and Dry: Climate Change, Water, and the Economy\u003c/a> examines the future effects of diminishing water supplies on the world. “Water-related climate risks cascade through food, energy, urban, and environmental systems,” researchers write. “Growing populations, rising incomes, and expanding cities will converge upon a world where the demand for water rises exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The World Bank says that in areas where water is readily available, like Central Africa and East Asia, it could become harder to find. And in areas like the Middle East, already facing water problems, “scarcity will greatly worsen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also note the spikes in food prices a water shortage would cause, which in turn would likely lead to conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are all fairly evident consequences of global warming. The report treads new ground, however, in evaluating the economic impacts of this water scarcity. Researchers say water shortages could cause certain areas to lose as much as 6 percent of their gross domestic product “as a result of water-related losses in agriculture, health, income, and property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report emphasizes three ways to mitigate the problems. The first is “better planning and incentives.” This involves things like using water prices and permits wisely to ensure water is used for “higher-value” purposes. The authors say that paradoxically, in societies where water is considered free, the poor end up paying more for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, they advise expanding “water supply and availability,” through more dams, water recycling and even sometimes desalination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They finally advise ” ‘water proofing’ economies” to economic shocks. They advocate crop insurance for farmers and building walls and levees to protect cities from floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Damania led the team that wrote the report. He joined NPR’s Michel Martin from Colombo in Sri Lanka, a country that has recently experienced water problems of its own, in the form of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/19/478679396/photos-rain-hampers-search-for-families-missing-after-sri-lankan-landslides\">torrential rain\u003c/a> and flooding. He talked more about what the report shows, why economies need water and why pricing water may be better for the world’s poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Interview highlights contain some extended, Web-only answers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Interview Highlights\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what the report shows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there are two important things that this report highlights. The first is that … the major impacts of climate change are felt through water — through the hydrological cycle. Through things like more intense rainfall, droughts, cyclones. Indeed, I’m here in Colombo and it’s pouring with rain and there’s a threat of floods. There’s intense bouts of rainfall which are unseasonal and unexpected. That’s one impact of climate change and that’s one of the things that the report highlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also highlights that if you happen to have, in some senses, the misfortune of living in an area that’s dry, most likely you’re going to get even drier because of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important point: We all know that we need water to live. But seldom do we recognize that the economy also needs water. So when you have insufficient water, this also acts as a drag on economic performance and therefore a drag on growth as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how they determined that climate change could cost some regions up to 6 percent of GDP\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We combined a model of climate change with a hydrological cycle and fed the results of that model into a very standard economic model — the sorts of economic models that are used routinely by economists. And we had water in that economic model. In most economic models water is actually ignored — we introduced water into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then we fed through what would be the likely consequences of climate change shrinking, shriveling supplies of water on economic growth. If you don’t have the water and your business needs water, of course this is going to increase your costs. Costs go up, therefore growth tends to be affected by it. So it’s quite logical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why many researchers haven’t studied water access economics before\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that’s partly because we tend to take water for granted, because we assume that it’s so abundant. Once upon a time water was very abundant. Today the world in which we live in, water is no longer terribly abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So all over the world, you have growing populations, growing demand for water. Combine that with more heat, more evaporation of the water, climate change changing the cycle, and we really are set for a somewhat different world to what we’ve been experiencing in the past and today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On transferring water from places that have too much to places with too little\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the report tries to emphasize is the following: That, if you have a shortage of water, there’s really only three things that you can do. You can try to increase the supply of water, but that’s dreadfully expensive, because all of the easy locations for water storage have been used up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or you could go to really expensive solutions like desalination or water reuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot more effort needs to be spent on managing demand. And we need to manage the demand for water in two ways. One, to be more efficient in how we use water — in other words, not to waste water. And secondly and related to that, we need to find ways of trying to allocate water from low-value-added wasteful uses to more higher-value-added uses that generate more growth and generate more employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put this into context, let me try to give you a list. There’s a couple of examples. Today in a lot of countries that are water-scarce, more water is lost through leaking pipes than is actually delivered to people in their taps and in their faucets. I mean, it’s quite obvious we need to fix those leaks, though they’re quite expensive to fix, but it clearly pays for itself in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also observe that in a lot of countries that are awfully dry, we provide them with, say, irrigation, and they tend to grow rice and water-thirsty crops — where really in deserts and arid regions one really shouldn’t be growing those water-thirsty crops. And one reason why that happens is because of the allocation of water. So rather than, say, allocating that water to a higher-value crop or a higher-valued industrial use or the city, it goes to something of lower value with lower yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So these are the kinds of shifts that need to actually happen. Some are easier to make than others, but they are long-term shifts and we need to start preparing and making them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the report’s finding that “free water” actually costs the poor money\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s step back a little. Water is a human right and there’s a United Nations resolution about it which declares water is a human right, and requires that water is provided at an affordable price for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a lot of countries where water is provided free, when water is free it tends to be served to those that have the political clout. And as a consequence … usually the people that have the political clout are the ones that are rich. So the poor are unserved, and they have to go to water vendors. And they typically pay three to four times the price per drop of water than would the person who’s either getting the water free or getting the water subsidized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we get these perverse effects that occur when no price is attached — at least to water that’s delivered to rich homes or to industrial users. It’s quite reasonable I think to suggest that as you pay for all inputs when you produce something and make a profit, it’s reasonable to also pay for water if you use that as an input into production and make a profit out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, we need to be extremely cautious and ensure that everyone gets adequate supplies of water, and there’s adequate flows for the environment as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some examples of countries where this happens?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can literally pick your country on the map where we have informal settlements — for example, where we have slums. And typically, there are no pipes to the slums — in most cases, nine times out of 10 I don’t have to name any country. And you will find that those people in the poor quarters of the city don’t have pipes and are unserved or underserved. Even if they have pipes, there’s no water being delivered into those pipes. What do they have to do? They have to go to vendors and they have to buy the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some countries, in addition, actually selling water is illegal. So this is all done on the black market, which could raise the price even further. So it’s not an uncommon phenomenon; it’s very, very widely observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Warming+World+Means+Less+Water%2C+With+Economic+Consequences&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Like 'Em or Hate 'Em, California's State-Mandated Drought Rules Largely Worked",
"headTitle": "Like ‘Em or Hate ‘Em, California’s State-Mandated Drought Rules Largely Worked | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>On Wednesday California revised its drought rules, ending a year of local conservation quotas handed down by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board voted to abandon its formula — decried by some local agencies as a “one-size-fits-all” model — which \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/25/california-water-conservation-misses-governors-mandate-in-january/\">required each water district to curb water use\u003c/a> by a certain state-mandated percentage and instead, let districts determine how much they should save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some see the switch as premature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s really important that we make sure to convey a consistent message that we are still in an emergency drought situation,” said Tracy Quinn, a senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council. Quinn and a handful of others argued against the change at Wednesday’s State Water Board hearing in Sacramento. Nearly \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">two-thirds of the state\u003c/a> is still classified by federal climatologists as being in “severe drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s kind of a trust-but-verify situation.’\u003ccite>Felicia Marcus, State Water Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But board chair Felicia Marcus says the state is not giving up its oversight role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also get to watch,” Marcus told KQED. “It’s kind of a trust-but-verify situation that I think is worth considering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won’t be a free-for-all. Under the new system, local suppliers need to apply prescribed hypothetical “stress tests.” Their savings targets will then be based on anticipated water shortfalls over the next three years — assuming the next three mimic the last three in terms of water demand and drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re making a shift that recognizes the supply conditions have improved,” said the water board’s Max Gomberg. “We’re setting up something that is going to be in place, really, for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board says it’s partially reacting to more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/comments120215/index.shtml\">150 comments \u003c/a>it received. In a last-minute reversal, the board did decide to keep the ban on restaurants serving water unless customers ask for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top-Down System Saved Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As much as local water officials resisted them, the emergency system of state-imposed quotas \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/03/californians-beat-new-relaxed-target-for-water-savings/\">largely worked\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over Governor Jerry Brown’s declared nine-month drought emergency, from June 2015 to February 2016, urban consumers saved 1.19 million acre-feet of water, compared to 2013. That’s enough to supply nearly 6 million people for a year, and fell just short of the governor’s 25 percent goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the state’s 411 largest water districts, 199 or just under half, met or exceeded their cumulative goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standouts included Cambria Community Services District, Menlo Park, Dublin San Ramon Services, Soquel Creek Water District and Santa Barbara — each saved 20 percent more water than state regulators required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/fPRoR/3/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"748\" height=\"520\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were also stories of redemption among local utilities that initially fell short, but eventually saved more than required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ways in which they turned things around are widely disparate and relied on a combination of deliberate tactics and good fortune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the agricultural communities served by the Rainbow Municipal Water District in San Diego County, many farmers switched from growing avocados to less water-intensive grapes. They also got lucky. San Diego County saw baseball games rained out by freak downpours last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of the rain came from the remnants of Hurricane Dolores and suppressed demands for all of our customers,” says District analyst Cynthia Gray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Atwater, a San Joaquin Valley town of about 29,000, the solution came in the form of community volunteers. Two police volunteers and one designated “water cop” issued warnings and notices while they were out on their routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_704301\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-704301\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Greg-Olzack.jpg\" alt='Greg Olzack, a former mayor and city council member of Atwater, became a volunteer \"water cop,\" driving around the town to write citations for water wasters.' width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Greg-Olzack.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Greg-Olzack-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greg Olzack, a former mayor and city council member of Atwater, became a volunteer “water cop,” driving around the town to write citations for water wasters. \u003ccite>(Kathy Thornburg)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The water cop was none other than Atwater’s former mayor Greg Olzack.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You don’t like to fine people but unfortunately that’s how you get people’s attention’\u003ccite>Greg Olzack, ‘Water Cop’\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The retiree donned a uniform and a city badge while driving around in a police vehicle four to five times a week looking for water wasters, often starting before dawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People ask why I get up so early and I say, ‘it’s like fishing, that’s when they are biting,'” says Olzack. Atwater banned watering altogether on certain days and between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. on others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olzack and his crew issued 850 citations from July to October, for over-watering or watering on the wrong day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“You don’t like to fine people but unfortunately that’s how you get people’s attention.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larger water agencies such as Santa Cruz and the Oakland-based East Bay Municipal Utilities District used similar strategies, but began lifting water restrictions as soon as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/09/california-may-abandon-state-imposed-water-conservation-quotas/\">the state announced its intent\u003c/a> to revise the rules last week. Water agencies face a fundamental conflict in conservation; their revenues are based on how much water they sell. The more their customers conserve, the harder it hits the utilities’ bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Even State Mandates Didn’t Work Everywhere\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the “least improved” water districts — those that met their targets in June and then slipped off the wagon — did so despite issuing thousands of fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Vacaville issued 1,950 penalties for residents that used more than their assigned residential allocations, and added an extra 25 percent excessive consumption penalty to the customers’ bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city started off on the right foot, exceeding its goal by nearly 4 percent in June, but by February its cumulative savings had dropped to 13 percent below its goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vacaville Utilities manager Ramiro Jimenez says limiting lawn watering in the summer was easier for residents than trying to squeeze water use in winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“By then you’re relying more on indoor savings,” says Jimenez. “When you ask people to use less indoors, like not washing dishes or clothes as often, it becomes tough for people to make that shift — it becomes a lifestyle change.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calexico, a border town in Imperial County that lost its conservation momentum over time, blames its shortage on reporting inaccuracies. Officials there say it switched to “smart” meters with software that wasn’t fully operational, and so had to estimate water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither of these “least improved” districts used tougher measures like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/29/ebmud-excessive-water-users-list-part-2\">public shaming\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/01/car-washes-and-pools-winners-and-losers-of-californias-drought/\">prohibiting new swimming pools\u003c/a> from using potable water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questioned by KQED, several districts whose conservation performance declined the most over time cited extenuating circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the mixed results, it’s clear that the system of enforceable state-imposed water restrictions resulted in substantial savings over all. It’s equally unclear what lifting these requirements will mean for long-term conservation in drought-prone California.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "City managers may have grumbled, but Gov. Brown's mandate to cut statewide water use by 25 percent largely worked.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Wednesday California revised its drought rules, ending a year of local conservation quotas handed down by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board voted to abandon its formula — decried by some local agencies as a “one-size-fits-all” model — which \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/25/california-water-conservation-misses-governors-mandate-in-january/\">required each water district to curb water use\u003c/a> by a certain state-mandated percentage and instead, let districts determine how much they should save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some see the switch as premature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s really important that we make sure to convey a consistent message that we are still in an emergency drought situation,” said Tracy Quinn, a senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council. Quinn and a handful of others argued against the change at Wednesday’s State Water Board hearing in Sacramento. Nearly \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">two-thirds of the state\u003c/a> is still classified by federal climatologists as being in “severe drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s kind of a trust-but-verify situation.’\u003ccite>Felicia Marcus, State Water Board\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But board chair Felicia Marcus says the state is not giving up its oversight role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We also get to watch,” Marcus told KQED. “It’s kind of a trust-but-verify situation that I think is worth considering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won’t be a free-for-all. Under the new system, local suppliers need to apply prescribed hypothetical “stress tests.” Their savings targets will then be based on anticipated water shortfalls over the next three years — assuming the next three mimic the last three in terms of water demand and drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re making a shift that recognizes the supply conditions have improved,” said the water board’s Max Gomberg. “We’re setting up something that is going to be in place, really, for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board says it’s partially reacting to more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/comments120215/index.shtml\">150 comments \u003c/a>it received. In a last-minute reversal, the board did decide to keep the ban on restaurants serving water unless customers ask for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top-Down System Saved Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As much as local water officials resisted them, the emergency system of state-imposed quotas \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/03/californians-beat-new-relaxed-target-for-water-savings/\">largely worked\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over Governor Jerry Brown’s declared nine-month drought emergency, from June 2015 to February 2016, urban consumers saved 1.19 million acre-feet of water, compared to 2013. That’s enough to supply nearly 6 million people for a year, and fell just short of the governor’s 25 percent goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the state’s 411 largest water districts, 199 or just under half, met or exceeded their cumulative goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standouts included Cambria Community Services District, Menlo Park, Dublin San Ramon Services, Soquel Creek Water District and Santa Barbara — each saved 20 percent more water than state regulators required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/fPRoR/3/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"748\" height=\"520\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were also stories of redemption among local utilities that initially fell short, but eventually saved more than required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ways in which they turned things around are widely disparate and relied on a combination of deliberate tactics and good fortune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the agricultural communities served by the Rainbow Municipal Water District in San Diego County, many farmers switched from growing avocados to less water-intensive grapes. They also got lucky. San Diego County saw baseball games rained out by freak downpours last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of the rain came from the remnants of Hurricane Dolores and suppressed demands for all of our customers,” says District analyst Cynthia Gray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Atwater, a San Joaquin Valley town of about 29,000, the solution came in the form of community volunteers. Two police volunteers and one designated “water cop” issued warnings and notices while they were out on their routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_704301\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-704301\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Greg-Olzack.jpg\" alt='Greg Olzack, a former mayor and city council member of Atwater, became a volunteer \"water cop,\" driving around the town to write citations for water wasters.' width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Greg-Olzack.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Greg-Olzack-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greg Olzack, a former mayor and city council member of Atwater, became a volunteer “water cop,” driving around the town to write citations for water wasters. \u003ccite>(Kathy Thornburg)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The water cop was none other than Atwater’s former mayor Greg Olzack.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You don’t like to fine people but unfortunately that’s how you get people’s attention’\u003ccite>Greg Olzack, ‘Water Cop’\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The retiree donned a uniform and a city badge while driving around in a police vehicle four to five times a week looking for water wasters, often starting before dawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People ask why I get up so early and I say, ‘it’s like fishing, that’s when they are biting,'” says Olzack. Atwater banned watering altogether on certain days and between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. on others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olzack and his crew issued 850 citations from July to October, for over-watering or watering on the wrong day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“You don’t like to fine people but unfortunately that’s how you get people’s attention.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larger water agencies such as Santa Cruz and the Oakland-based East Bay Municipal Utilities District used similar strategies, but began lifting water restrictions as soon as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/09/california-may-abandon-state-imposed-water-conservation-quotas/\">the state announced its intent\u003c/a> to revise the rules last week. Water agencies face a fundamental conflict in conservation; their revenues are based on how much water they sell. The more their customers conserve, the harder it hits the utilities’ bottom line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Even State Mandates Didn’t Work Everywhere\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the “least improved” water districts — those that met their targets in June and then slipped off the wagon — did so despite issuing thousands of fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Vacaville issued 1,950 penalties for residents that used more than their assigned residential allocations, and added an extra 25 percent excessive consumption penalty to the customers’ bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city started off on the right foot, exceeding its goal by nearly 4 percent in June, but by February its cumulative savings had dropped to 13 percent below its goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vacaville Utilities manager Ramiro Jimenez says limiting lawn watering in the summer was easier for residents than trying to squeeze water use in winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“By then you’re relying more on indoor savings,” says Jimenez. “When you ask people to use less indoors, like not washing dishes or clothes as often, it becomes tough for people to make that shift — it becomes a lifestyle change.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calexico, a border town in Imperial County that lost its conservation momentum over time, blames its shortage on reporting inaccuracies. Officials there say it switched to “smart” meters with software that wasn’t fully operational, and so had to estimate water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither of these “least improved” districts used tougher measures like \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/29/ebmud-excessive-water-users-list-part-2\">public shaming\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/06/01/car-washes-and-pools-winners-and-losers-of-californias-drought/\">prohibiting new swimming pools\u003c/a> from using potable water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questioned by KQED, several districts whose conservation performance declined the most over time cited extenuating circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the mixed results, it’s clear that the system of enforceable state-imposed water restrictions resulted in substantial savings over all. It’s equally unclear what lifting these requirements will mean for long-term conservation in drought-prone California.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The last few years has shown that California is getting serious about policies to combat drought. And now it is getting serious about the role of data in that fight. In 2013 Gov. Jerry Brown mandated that urban water suppliers report monthly average gallons per capita per day to track water conservation. And last week the governor further enshrined that data collection effort in a new executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ltqguQlkHS7BLKLWuQ8XkWmkJ0VGWUcq”]This \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/conservation_reporting.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">information\u003c/a>, available online to anyone, is useful. But only to a degree. There is still much more to be learned about how Californians use water, how much they use and how well conservation and efficiency programs are working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where the \u003ca href=\"http://californiadatacollaborative.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Data Collaborative\u003c/a> comes in. It is “a coalition of water utilities working together to share data and accelerate water efficiencies and ensure reliability in the face of our water supply challenges,” said the initiative’s project manager Patrick Atwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately the goal of the project is “integrating the entire life cycle of water use data” as the collaborative’s website states. And an important part of this, said Atwater, is standardizing all the data that is being collected through various water suppliers and state agencies. Then that data can be analyzed, along with other information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is in its first phase and the initial focus is on understanding outdoor water use efficiency, so data specific to locations, such as population, irrigable area and the evapotranspiration rate can be added to user data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The increased knowledge from the Data Collaborative analytics is intended to provide utilities with a radically more rapid view of program effectiveness, cost per program and how to better reach and respond to customer water use behavior,” the site explains. “In addition, statewide data integration and standardization will allow for comparative analyses of customer usage changes attributed to water conservation initiatives such as turf rebates and public outreach, as well as projections of future patterns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently there are eight water agencies on board, which contribute all of the data from meter readings of every customer to a cloud-based server. More agencies are hoping to climb on board but the early joiners were: Moulton Niguel Water District, Inland Empire Utilities Agency, Irvine Ranch Water District, East Bay Municipal Utility District, La Virgenes Municipal Water Agency, Santa Margarita Water District, Monte Vista Water District and Eastern Municipal Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly half the water use for a household is outdoors in California, which makes cutting down on irrigation a prime target for conservation. As such, the state has spent more than $500 million on rebate programs to incentivize turf removal. But how well are these incentive programs working?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one of the topics that the California Data Collaborative has been analyzing. “There has been a story that if you put more dollars per square foot with a higher rebate amount you get more participation,” said Atwater. “One of the key things that we’ve seen is that is only marginally true. There are actually a lot of reasons that people opt to convert their landscapes and we are seeing communities that have more environmentally conscious attitudes participate more, which speaks to the value of marketing and other public education strategies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the Data Collaborative will unveil the findings at Stanford for its first nine months of work, which is just the beginning. Atwater said they hope to provide the service to any water utility in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Atwater sees the Data Collaborative as way to help water managers make the best decisions despite a host of unknowns. “There is uncertainty regarding the Delta. There is uncertainty with things like climate change,” said Atwater. “But what the data really offers is the ability to help water managers navigate that new reality and adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"start\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/about/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a> is\u003c/span> an independent digital media project dedicated to covering California’s water crisis. The project is part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsdeeply.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News Deeply\u003c/a>, a new media startup and social enterprise based in New York.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Based on the adage that you “can’t manage what you can’t measure,” the California Data Collaborative is hoping to give water managers better tools to fight drought by standardizing and analyzing water data.",
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"description": "Based on the adage that you “can’t manage what you can’t measure,” the California Data Collaborative is hoping to give water managers better tools to fight drought by standardizing and analyzing water data.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The last few years has shown that California is getting serious about policies to combat drought. And now it is getting serious about the role of data in that fight. In 2013 Gov. Jerry Brown mandated that urban water suppliers report monthly average gallons per capita per day to track water conservation. And last week the governor further enshrined that data collection effort in a new executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>This \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/conservation_reporting.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">information\u003c/a>, available online to anyone, is useful. But only to a degree. There is still much more to be learned about how Californians use water, how much they use and how well conservation and efficiency programs are working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where the \u003ca href=\"http://californiadatacollaborative.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Data Collaborative\u003c/a> comes in. It is “a coalition of water utilities working together to share data and accelerate water efficiencies and ensure reliability in the face of our water supply challenges,” said the initiative’s project manager Patrick Atwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately the goal of the project is “integrating the entire life cycle of water use data” as the collaborative’s website states. And an important part of this, said Atwater, is standardizing all the data that is being collected through various water suppliers and state agencies. Then that data can be analyzed, along with other information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is in its first phase and the initial focus is on understanding outdoor water use efficiency, so data specific to locations, such as population, irrigable area and the evapotranspiration rate can be added to user data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The increased knowledge from the Data Collaborative analytics is intended to provide utilities with a radically more rapid view of program effectiveness, cost per program and how to better reach and respond to customer water use behavior,” the site explains. “In addition, statewide data integration and standardization will allow for comparative analyses of customer usage changes attributed to water conservation initiatives such as turf rebates and public outreach, as well as projections of future patterns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently there are eight water agencies on board, which contribute all of the data from meter readings of every customer to a cloud-based server. More agencies are hoping to climb on board but the early joiners were: Moulton Niguel Water District, Inland Empire Utilities Agency, Irvine Ranch Water District, East Bay Municipal Utility District, La Virgenes Municipal Water Agency, Santa Margarita Water District, Monte Vista Water District and Eastern Municipal Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly half the water use for a household is outdoors in California, which makes cutting down on irrigation a prime target for conservation. As such, the state has spent more than $500 million on rebate programs to incentivize turf removal. But how well are these incentive programs working?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one of the topics that the California Data Collaborative has been analyzing. “There has been a story that if you put more dollars per square foot with a higher rebate amount you get more participation,” said Atwater. “One of the key things that we’ve seen is that is only marginally true. There are actually a lot of reasons that people opt to convert their landscapes and we are seeing communities that have more environmentally conscious attitudes participate more, which speaks to the value of marketing and other public education strategies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the Data Collaborative will unveil the findings at Stanford for its first nine months of work, which is just the beginning. Atwater said they hope to provide the service to any water utility in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Atwater sees the Data Collaborative as way to help water managers make the best decisions despite a host of unknowns. “There is uncertainty regarding the Delta. There is uncertainty with things like climate change,” said Atwater. “But what the data really offers is the ability to help water managers navigate that new reality and adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"start\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/about/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a> is\u003c/span> an independent digital media project dedicated to covering California’s water crisis. The project is part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsdeeply.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News Deeply\u003c/a>, a new media startup and social enterprise based in New York.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bill Would Require FDA to Evaluate Chemicals in Cosmetics for the First Time Ever",
"headTitle": "Bill Would Require FDA to Evaluate Chemicals in Cosmetics for the First Time Ever | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When you brush your teeth or rub on body lotion, you might assume the products are guaranteed to be safe, and that some government agency oversees that. But no agency does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long list of ingredients on a label might include chemicals and heavy metals that, at certain levels of exposure, are known to cause cancer or affect brain development.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The goal is to give somebody who buys a product, eventually, the knowledge that there’s nothing in that product which in five years can cause you cancer or can disrupt your endocrine system.’\u003ccite>Senator Dianne Feinstein\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The label might also include chemicals that harm the reproductive system in animals and haven’t been well-studied in humans. Some of these chemicals don’t have to be specifically listed as ingredients; they can be hidden behind the words “fragrance” or “perfume” because scents are proprietary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The product manufacturer is the only entity charged with ensuring the products are safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bipartisan bill introduced by Senators Dianne Feinstein (D-California) and Susan Collins (R-Maine) would require the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to evaluate the chemicals in personal care products for the first time ever. The FDA would have authority to set exposure limits, require warning labels and even recall products deemed unsafe. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=89FF88B8-5FB1-4617-B96A-C46547CA14EF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Personal Care Products Safety Act\u003c/a> is expected to receive a hearing in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Happens Now\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently the FDA has \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm074162.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jurisdiction\u003c/a> over the regulation of personal care products, but the agency does not test or investigate the chemicals before they go to market. The agency isn’t even allowed to do that, unlike the extensive testing required for pharmaceutical drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senator Feinstein notes that Europe has \u003ca href=\"http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009R1223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banned\u003c/a> hundreds of chemicals from personal care products, whereas the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm127406.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FDA\u003c/a> has banned only nine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is to give somebody who buys a product, eventually, the knowledge that there’s nothing in that product which in five years can cause you cancer or can disrupt your endocrine system,” says Senator Feinstein.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/3BsGU/7/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Would Change\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/1014?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22s1014%5C%22%22%5D%7D&resultIndex=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new bill\u003c/a> the FDA would be required to evaluate at least five common ingredients in personal care products every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first set of chemicals that would be reviewed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Diazolidinyl urea\u003c/b>—An antimicrobial preservative in many products, such as bubble bath and lotion\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Lead acetate\u003c/b>—A color additive in hair dyes that’s listed on California’s toxics registry as a chemical known to cause cancer\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Methylene glycol/Formaldehyde\u003c/b>—Used in hair treatments\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Propylparaben\u003c/b>—A preservative in a many products, including shampoo and conditioner\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Quaternium-15\u003c/b>—An ammonium salt used as a preservative in products such as shaving cream and cleansers\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The bill would also require companies to register facilities, products and ingredients with the FDA and to comply with good manufacturing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big labels like Estee Lauder and Johnson and Johnson have signed on in support. So has the Personal Care Products Council; the three other large trade organizations are split. None wanted to be interviewed for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How Toxic Are the Products in Your Bathroom?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are raising questions about two groups of chemicals used widely in personal care products: parabens and pthalates. Parabens are used as preservatives and antimicrobials, and pthalates make lotions more creamier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both types of chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors, which means they might interfere with estrogen and testosterone in the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_697371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-697371\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg\" alt=\"UC Berkeley student Carolina Mundo no longer wears makeup, after she participated in a study measuring endocrine disruptors in Latina teens.\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg 4032w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley student Carolina Mundo no longer wears makeup, after she participated in a study measuring endocrine disruptors in Latina teens. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim Harley, a UC Berkeley epidemiologist, emphasizes that published research on these chemicals is limited; scientists don’t yet know how they could affect us or what concentrations could be harmful to human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concerns with endocrine disruption are, first of all, that it seems like very small levels of these chemicals may impact our health,” Harley says, “and second of all, it’s a very diverse set of health effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley published a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/03/07/big-drop-in-chemical-levels-in-girls-who-switched-cosmetics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> this spring measuring the levels of four common endocrine disruptors in Latina teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing that we found,” she says, “was that all girls had detectable levels of these chemicals in their body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley asked the girls to stop using products like body wash, lotion and deodorant for three days. She was astounded by how quickly the body cleansed. Chemical levels dropped by as much as 45 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_697485\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-697485\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg\" alt=\"California guidelines say companies must warn consumers if lead levels in lipsticks are greater than 5 parts per million (ppm). A 2010 FDA study of 400 lipsticks found two products above that level. Lead is not added to lipsticks, but is an impurity resulting from manufacturing or chemical breakdowns,\" width=\"1386\" height=\"1385\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg 1386w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-800x799.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-768x767.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-1180x1179.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-960x959.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California guidelines say companies must warn consumers if lead levels in lipsticks are greater than 5 parts per million (ppm). A 2010 FDA study of 400 lipsticks found two products above that level. Lead is not added to lipsticks, but is an impurity resulting from manufacturing or chemical breakdowns. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Harley can’t say specifically how that might affect the girls’ health, there are alarming examples of how endocrine disruptors affect wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know enough from animal studies and laboratory studies to be concerned about their estrogenic properties,” says Harley, “but we’re really still learning whether they’re impacting human health or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the famous pesticide DDT that was banned in the 1970’s? It threatened bald eagles by making the bird’s eggshells too thin. On Lake Apopka in Florida, researchers in the 1990s suggested that chemical contamination 50 years earlier was responsible for abnormal gonads and poor egg viability in alligators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Doing Your Own Homework\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re worried about what’s inside your products you can test before you buy with smartphone apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Working Group offers an app called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/#sthash.dnOKDZIA.dpuf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Skin Deep, \u003c/a>which rates more than 97,000 personal care products. When you scan the bar code the app shows the available research on whether the product includes ingredients known to cause cancer, allergies or reproductive harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.thinkdirtyapp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Think Dirty\u003c/a> app is similar; you can scan the bar code of more than 305,000 items (including Canadian brands), and it lists ingredients that are banned in some countries but not in others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Bill Would Require FDA to Evaluate Chemicals in Cosmetics for the First Time Ever | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you brush your teeth or rub on body lotion, you might assume the products are guaranteed to be safe, and that some government agency oversees that. But no agency does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long list of ingredients on a label might include chemicals and heavy metals that, at certain levels of exposure, are known to cause cancer or affect brain development.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The goal is to give somebody who buys a product, eventually, the knowledge that there’s nothing in that product which in five years can cause you cancer or can disrupt your endocrine system.’\u003ccite>Senator Dianne Feinstein\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The label might also include chemicals that harm the reproductive system in animals and haven’t been well-studied in humans. Some of these chemicals don’t have to be specifically listed as ingredients; they can be hidden behind the words “fragrance” or “perfume” because scents are proprietary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The product manufacturer is the only entity charged with ensuring the products are safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bipartisan bill introduced by Senators Dianne Feinstein (D-California) and Susan Collins (R-Maine) would require the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to evaluate the chemicals in personal care products for the first time ever. The FDA would have authority to set exposure limits, require warning labels and even recall products deemed unsafe. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=89FF88B8-5FB1-4617-B96A-C46547CA14EF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Personal Care Products Safety Act\u003c/a> is expected to receive a hearing in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Happens Now\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently the FDA has \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm074162.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jurisdiction\u003c/a> over the regulation of personal care products, but the agency does not test or investigate the chemicals before they go to market. The agency isn’t even allowed to do that, unlike the extensive testing required for pharmaceutical drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senator Feinstein notes that Europe has \u003ca href=\"http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009R1223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banned\u003c/a> hundreds of chemicals from personal care products, whereas the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm127406.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FDA\u003c/a> has banned only nine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is to give somebody who buys a product, eventually, the knowledge that there’s nothing in that product which in five years can cause you cancer or can disrupt your endocrine system,” says Senator Feinstein.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/3BsGU/7/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Would Change\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/1014?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22s1014%5C%22%22%5D%7D&resultIndex=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new bill\u003c/a> the FDA would be required to evaluate at least five common ingredients in personal care products every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first set of chemicals that would be reviewed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Diazolidinyl urea\u003c/b>—An antimicrobial preservative in many products, such as bubble bath and lotion\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Lead acetate\u003c/b>—A color additive in hair dyes that’s listed on California’s toxics registry as a chemical known to cause cancer\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Methylene glycol/Formaldehyde\u003c/b>—Used in hair treatments\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Propylparaben\u003c/b>—A preservative in a many products, including shampoo and conditioner\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Quaternium-15\u003c/b>—An ammonium salt used as a preservative in products such as shaving cream and cleansers\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The bill would also require companies to register facilities, products and ingredients with the FDA and to comply with good manufacturing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big labels like Estee Lauder and Johnson and Johnson have signed on in support. So has the Personal Care Products Council; the three other large trade organizations are split. None wanted to be interviewed for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How Toxic Are the Products in Your Bathroom?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are raising questions about two groups of chemicals used widely in personal care products: parabens and pthalates. Parabens are used as preservatives and antimicrobials, and pthalates make lotions more creamier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both types of chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors, which means they might interfere with estrogen and testosterone in the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_697371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-697371\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg\" alt=\"UC Berkeley student Carolina Mundo no longer wears makeup, after she participated in a study measuring endocrine disruptors in Latina teens.\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg 4032w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley student Carolina Mundo no longer wears makeup, after she participated in a study measuring endocrine disruptors in Latina teens. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim Harley, a UC Berkeley epidemiologist, emphasizes that published research on these chemicals is limited; scientists don’t yet know how they could affect us or what concentrations could be harmful to human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concerns with endocrine disruption are, first of all, that it seems like very small levels of these chemicals may impact our health,” Harley says, “and second of all, it’s a very diverse set of health effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley published a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/03/07/big-drop-in-chemical-levels-in-girls-who-switched-cosmetics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> this spring measuring the levels of four common endocrine disruptors in Latina teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing that we found,” she says, “was that all girls had detectable levels of these chemicals in their body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley asked the girls to stop using products like body wash, lotion and deodorant for three days. She was astounded by how quickly the body cleansed. Chemical levels dropped by as much as 45 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_697485\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-697485\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg\" alt=\"California guidelines say companies must warn consumers if lead levels in lipsticks are greater than 5 parts per million (ppm). A 2010 FDA study of 400 lipsticks found two products above that level. Lead is not added to lipsticks, but is an impurity resulting from manufacturing or chemical breakdowns,\" width=\"1386\" height=\"1385\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg 1386w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-800x799.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-768x767.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-1180x1179.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-960x959.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California guidelines say companies must warn consumers if lead levels in lipsticks are greater than 5 parts per million (ppm). A 2010 FDA study of 400 lipsticks found two products above that level. Lead is not added to lipsticks, but is an impurity resulting from manufacturing or chemical breakdowns. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Harley can’t say specifically how that might affect the girls’ health, there are alarming examples of how endocrine disruptors affect wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know enough from animal studies and laboratory studies to be concerned about their estrogenic properties,” says Harley, “but we’re really still learning whether they’re impacting human health or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the famous pesticide DDT that was banned in the 1970’s? It threatened bald eagles by making the bird’s eggshells too thin. On Lake Apopka in Florida, researchers in the 1990s suggested that chemical contamination 50 years earlier was responsible for abnormal gonads and poor egg viability in alligators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Doing Your Own Homework\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re worried about what’s inside your products you can test before you buy with smartphone apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Working Group offers an app called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/#sthash.dnOKDZIA.dpuf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Skin Deep, \u003c/a>which rates more than 97,000 personal care products. When you scan the bar code the app shows the available research on whether the product includes ingredients known to cause cancer, allergies or reproductive harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.thinkdirtyapp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Think Dirty\u003c/a> app is similar; you can scan the bar code of more than 305,000 items (including Canadian brands), and it lists ingredients that are banned in some countries but not in others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Biking to Work: Cheap and Safer Than Ever",
"headTitle": "Biking to Work: Cheap and Safer Than Ever | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A crowd of helmeted cyclists cheered as Oakland Mayor Libby Shaff and councilmembers from Oakland and Piedmont cut the ribbon to celebrate the opening of a bright green dedicated bike lane on Grand Avenue, connecting the two cities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday’s event, marking the 22nd annual Bay Area Bike to Work Day, was one of four ribbon-cutting ceremonies for new dedicated bike lanes in Oakland, Piedmont and Berkeley. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Changes are happening, they’re happening fast, and we have a lot to celebrate.’\u003ccite>Renee Rivera, Bike East Bay\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This year, more than 19,000 participants rolled onto East Bay streets to commute to work and take advantage of various Energizer Stations that provided snacks, raffles, and support for the commuters. The huge turnout reflects a broader trend; now more than ever, East Bay residents are choosing bikes for their morning commutes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, everybody bikes. Our councilmembers bike, our mayor bikes,” says Kristine Shaff, spokeswoman for the city’s Public Works department. “People of every color, shape, and size were in the plaza and on the roadways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland Mayor Libby Shaaf, Oakland City Council member Abel Guillén, Piedmont City Council member Timothy Rood and Bike East Bay's Renee Rivera cut the ribbon to celebrate a new dedicated bike lane.\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-695222\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland Mayor Libby Shaaf, Oakland City Council member Abel Guillén, Piedmont City Council member Timothy Rood and Bike East Bay’s Renee Rivera cut the ribbon to celebrate a new dedicated bike lane. \u003ccite>(Timothy Rood )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of bike commuters in Alameda County has doubled in the past five years, says Renee Rivera, executive director of Bike East Bay. The nonprofit advocacy group has been helping design and lobby for the new bike lanes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a huge turnout, lots of people out celebrating,” Rivera says. “There’s a feeling of momentum right now. Changes are happening, they’re happening fast, and we have a lot to celebrate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bike Commuting Made Safer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three of the four new bike lanes have protective barriers between cyclists and the traffic. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels relaxed, it feels much safer. It completely transforms the experience of riding on the streets,” Rivera says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On many bikeways, cyclists ride in a narrow lane with traffic on one side and parked cars on the other, says Rivera. This can set riders up for “dooring,” in which the door of a parked car flies open and the cyclist crashes into the door and hurtles through space over the front of the door. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a protected bike lane, the parked cars or another barrier like flexible posts separate the cyclist from traffic, and the cyclist rides closest to the curb. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emeryville completed a two-way protected bike lane on Christie Ave, connecting the Bay Trail north of Powell Street to the Bay Bridge bike path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley opened a protected lane on Fulton Street that connects the UC Berkeley campus and Oxford Street to Channing Way Bicycle Boulevard. The lane fills in a dangerous, two-block gap in the bike network, a project the city approved after a serious accident occurred in February. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Flexible posts block traffic from driving into a new protected bike lane in Berkeley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-695225\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flexible posts block traffic from driving into a new protected bike lane in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Bike East Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland opened its first protected bike lane earlier in the week on Telegraph Ave. between 20th and 29th. Some 1,200 commuters travel the corridor every day. The new set-up uses parked cars to separate the riders. The city plans on extending the bike lane to 40th St, and eventually all the way to the Oakland border. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new projects are funded partly through Alameda County’s Measure BB, a transportation sales tax meant to pay for improvements in modes of transportation, including for bicycles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bikes are important for Oakland because we’re a little more spread out,” Shaff says. “Owning a car is not feasible for everyone. We want to make cycling as comfortable as we can for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg\" alt=\"Morning commuters pedal through the Mission District in San Francisco on Bike To Work Day. \" width=\"4000\" height=\"3000\" class=\"size-full wp-image-695223\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg 4000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4000px) 100vw, 4000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morning commuters pedal through the Mission District in San Francisco on Bike To Work Day. \u003ccite>(Lisa Marie Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco Loves Cycling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, thousands of people commuted for Bike to Work Day; a counter on Market Street ticked off 2,360 people riding for their morning commute, says Chris Cassidy, communications director for the San Francisco Bike Coalition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riding to work has always been popular in San Francisco, home to the monthly Critical Mass cycling event. And bike commuting continues to grow, with an 8.5 percent increase in 2015 alone. The city has varying degrees of protected bike lanes: fully protected lanes that prevent cars from driving into them, lanes protected by parking, and a pilot elevated bike lane. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a core principle among safer-street advocates: If you build it, then they will come,” says Cassidy. “People will walk, and bike and enjoy safer and more welcoming streets.” \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A crowd of helmeted cyclists cheered as Oakland Mayor Libby Shaff and councilmembers from Oakland and Piedmont cut the ribbon to celebrate the opening of a bright green dedicated bike lane on Grand Avenue, connecting the two cities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday’s event, marking the 22nd annual Bay Area Bike to Work Day, was one of four ribbon-cutting ceremonies for new dedicated bike lanes in Oakland, Piedmont and Berkeley. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Changes are happening, they’re happening fast, and we have a lot to celebrate.’\u003ccite>Renee Rivera, Bike East Bay\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This year, more than 19,000 participants rolled onto East Bay streets to commute to work and take advantage of various Energizer Stations that provided snacks, raffles, and support for the commuters. The huge turnout reflects a broader trend; now more than ever, East Bay residents are choosing bikes for their morning commutes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, everybody bikes. Our councilmembers bike, our mayor bikes,” says Kristine Shaff, spokeswoman for the city’s Public Works department. “People of every color, shape, and size were in the plaza and on the roadways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland Mayor Libby Shaaf, Oakland City Council member Abel Guillén, Piedmont City Council member Timothy Rood and Bike East Bay's Renee Rivera cut the ribbon to celebrate a new dedicated bike lane.\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-695222\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland Mayor Libby Shaaf, Oakland City Council member Abel Guillén, Piedmont City Council member Timothy Rood and Bike East Bay’s Renee Rivera cut the ribbon to celebrate a new dedicated bike lane. \u003ccite>(Timothy Rood )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of bike commuters in Alameda County has doubled in the past five years, says Renee Rivera, executive director of Bike East Bay. The nonprofit advocacy group has been helping design and lobby for the new bike lanes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a huge turnout, lots of people out celebrating,” Rivera says. “There’s a feeling of momentum right now. Changes are happening, they’re happening fast, and we have a lot to celebrate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bike Commuting Made Safer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three of the four new bike lanes have protective barriers between cyclists and the traffic. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels relaxed, it feels much safer. It completely transforms the experience of riding on the streets,” Rivera says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On many bikeways, cyclists ride in a narrow lane with traffic on one side and parked cars on the other, says Rivera. This can set riders up for “dooring,” in which the door of a parked car flies open and the cyclist crashes into the door and hurtles through space over the front of the door. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a protected bike lane, the parked cars or another barrier like flexible posts separate the cyclist from traffic, and the cyclist rides closest to the curb. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emeryville completed a two-way protected bike lane on Christie Ave, connecting the Bay Trail north of Powell Street to the Bay Bridge bike path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley opened a protected lane on Fulton Street that connects the UC Berkeley campus and Oxford Street to Channing Way Bicycle Boulevard. The lane fills in a dangerous, two-block gap in the bike network, a project the city approved after a serious accident occurred in February. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Flexible posts block traffic from driving into a new protected bike lane in Berkeley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-695225\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flexible posts block traffic from driving into a new protected bike lane in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Bike East Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland opened its first protected bike lane earlier in the week on Telegraph Ave. between 20th and 29th. Some 1,200 commuters travel the corridor every day. The new set-up uses parked cars to separate the riders. The city plans on extending the bike lane to 40th St, and eventually all the way to the Oakland border. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new projects are funded partly through Alameda County’s Measure BB, a transportation sales tax meant to pay for improvements in modes of transportation, including for bicycles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bikes are important for Oakland because we’re a little more spread out,” Shaff says. “Owning a car is not feasible for everyone. We want to make cycling as comfortable as we can for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg\" alt=\"Morning commuters pedal through the Mission District in San Francisco on Bike To Work Day. \" width=\"4000\" height=\"3000\" class=\"size-full wp-image-695223\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg 4000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4000px) 100vw, 4000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morning commuters pedal through the Mission District in San Francisco on Bike To Work Day. \u003ccite>(Lisa Marie Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco Loves Cycling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, thousands of people commuted for Bike to Work Day; a counter on Market Street ticked off 2,360 people riding for their morning commute, says Chris Cassidy, communications director for the San Francisco Bike Coalition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riding to work has always been popular in San Francisco, home to the monthly Critical Mass cycling event. And bike commuting continues to grow, with an 8.5 percent increase in 2015 alone. The city has varying degrees of protected bike lanes: fully protected lanes that prevent cars from driving into them, lanes protected by parking, and a pilot elevated bike lane. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a core principle among safer-street advocates: If you build it, then they will come,” says Cassidy. “People will walk, and bike and enjoy safer and more welcoming streets.” \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "By 2040 We'll Only See a Slight Fall in Fossil Fuels, Says Forecast",
"headTitle": "By 2040 We’ll Only See a Slight Fall in Fossil Fuels, Says Forecast | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Despite the urgency to cut greenhouse gas emissions as climate change bears down on the globe, fossil fuel use is not likely to change much in the coming decades. Though renewable energy will grow quickly though 2040, gasoline and diesel will still move most of the world’s vehicles, and coal will still be the largest single source of carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”C3eZwAnQafrt6zGQCUiaNR9W1uNgpYHX”]Those are the conclusions of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/exec_summ.cfm\">a forecast\u003c/a> released by the federal government on Wednesday for how the world will use energy and what its carbon dioxide emissions will be over the next 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are five things to know about the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s World Energy Outlook 2016 and what it might mean for the climate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Carbon Emissions Will Continue Ballooning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global carbon emissions from energy consumption are expected to grow at an average rate of 1 percent per year between 2012 and 2040, growing a total 34 percent in that time as fossil fuels provide the world with more than three quarters of its energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With existing policies and regulations, worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide emissions will go from about 32 billion metric tons in 2012 to something like 43 billion metric tons out to the year 2040,” EIA administrator Adam Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed countries are expected see their carbon emissions increase about 9 percent through 2040, but in the developing world, those emissions will spike 51 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because developing countries, particularly China and India, are likely to continue to rely mainly on fossil fuels for their energy. Those countries alone account for 59 percent of the growth in global carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Coal Will Still Be King of Carbon in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless there are unexpected changes in global climate policy over the next 25 years, coal will still be the world’s king of carbon emissions in 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal is expected to account for 38 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2040, down from 43 percent in 2012. Annual growth of coal use by that time is expected to be about 0.6 percent. In 1990, coal was responsible for 39 percent of global carbon emissions. Natural gas, by comparison, will account for 26 percent of global carbon emissions in 2040, up from 20 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China is the world’s leader in coal consumption. With \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/china-coal-use-continues-to-fall-20084\">recent announcements\u003c/a> that the country will reduce its use of coal by closing down power plants and shuttering mines, the EIA expects the country’s coal use to peak by 2025 thanks to the its economic slowdown and pledge to cut emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>India is where coal will be used the most in the coming decades as its population, expected to surpass China’s by 2022, explodes and energy demand spikes. Coal produced 72 percent of India’s electricity in 2012, and that’s expected to grow 2.6 percent annually through 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Renewables Growth Soars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind, solar, hydropower and other renewables will be the globe’s fastest-growing electricity source in 2040, growing 2.9 percent annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That growth means that by 2040, renewables, coal and natural gas will each generate about 30 percent of the world’s electricity, with nuclear power and petroleum accounting for the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, electricity generation from renewables will equal that of coal in 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a catch, though: If you ignore hydropower and look mainly at wind, solar and geothermal, those will generate only about 14 percent of the world’s electricity, up from 5 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar power will see the most growth among all the renewables, growing by 8.3 percent each year. That doesn’t add up to much power production overall, though. Solar will account for 15 percent of newly-built renewables through 2040, with hydro and wind each accounting for 33 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Electric Vehicles: Still Not a Hit in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric vehicles may seem poised to be the next big thing to take over the highways in the U.S. today, but globally through the next 25 years, they’re likely to be tiny players. So small that only 1 percent of the global transportation sector is projected to run on electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation sector of the future is likely to slurp fossil fuels in 2040. About 80 percent of all global transportation will run on gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, and 11 percent will run on natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electricity remains a minor fuel for the world’s transportation energy use, although its importance in passenger rail remains high: In 2040, electricity will account for 40 percent of total passenger rail energy consumption,” the forecast says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Paris, Technology Are Big Wild Cards\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate policies, such as the Paris Climate Agreement, and advancements in technology are major wild cards when it comes to developing computer models meant to divine how the world will actually use energy in the coming decades and what that will mean for greenhouse gas emissions, Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What actually happens in the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement will be really important,” he said. “2040 is 25 years away. There’s plenty of time for things to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology is also likely to change, and it could bring about a revolution in how the world uses energy. Advancements in battery technology could allow for the storage of more electricity more affordably, while declining costs in renewable electricity could bring major changes in transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of that is extremely difficult to model,” Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, previous forecasts missed the U.S. shale oil, gas and fracking boom that occurred over the last decade. No one guessed a decade ago that the U.S. would become the world’s chief crude oil producer as advancements in hydraulic fracturing technology flooded the U.S. market with oil and gas. That boom helped to drive down prices and encourage electric power utilities to move toward natural gas and away from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Fossil fuels will still be the dominate energy source on the planet in 2040, a U.S. government forecast shows.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite the urgency to cut greenhouse gas emissions as climate change bears down on the globe, fossil fuel use is not likely to change much in the coming decades. Though renewable energy will grow quickly though 2040, gasoline and diesel will still move most of the world’s vehicles, and coal will still be the largest single source of carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Those are the conclusions of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/exec_summ.cfm\">a forecast\u003c/a> released by the federal government on Wednesday for how the world will use energy and what its carbon dioxide emissions will be over the next 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are five things to know about the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s World Energy Outlook 2016 and what it might mean for the climate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Carbon Emissions Will Continue Ballooning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global carbon emissions from energy consumption are expected to grow at an average rate of 1 percent per year between 2012 and 2040, growing a total 34 percent in that time as fossil fuels provide the world with more than three quarters of its energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With existing policies and regulations, worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide emissions will go from about 32 billion metric tons in 2012 to something like 43 billion metric tons out to the year 2040,” EIA administrator Adam Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed countries are expected see their carbon emissions increase about 9 percent through 2040, but in the developing world, those emissions will spike 51 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because developing countries, particularly China and India, are likely to continue to rely mainly on fossil fuels for their energy. Those countries alone account for 59 percent of the growth in global carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Coal Will Still Be King of Carbon in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless there are unexpected changes in global climate policy over the next 25 years, coal will still be the world’s king of carbon emissions in 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal is expected to account for 38 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2040, down from 43 percent in 2012. Annual growth of coal use by that time is expected to be about 0.6 percent. In 1990, coal was responsible for 39 percent of global carbon emissions. Natural gas, by comparison, will account for 26 percent of global carbon emissions in 2040, up from 20 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China is the world’s leader in coal consumption. With \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/china-coal-use-continues-to-fall-20084\">recent announcements\u003c/a> that the country will reduce its use of coal by closing down power plants and shuttering mines, the EIA expects the country’s coal use to peak by 2025 thanks to the its economic slowdown and pledge to cut emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>India is where coal will be used the most in the coming decades as its population, expected to surpass China’s by 2022, explodes and energy demand spikes. Coal produced 72 percent of India’s electricity in 2012, and that’s expected to grow 2.6 percent annually through 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Renewables Growth Soars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind, solar, hydropower and other renewables will be the globe’s fastest-growing electricity source in 2040, growing 2.9 percent annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That growth means that by 2040, renewables, coal and natural gas will each generate about 30 percent of the world’s electricity, with nuclear power and petroleum accounting for the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, electricity generation from renewables will equal that of coal in 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a catch, though: If you ignore hydropower and look mainly at wind, solar and geothermal, those will generate only about 14 percent of the world’s electricity, up from 5 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar power will see the most growth among all the renewables, growing by 8.3 percent each year. That doesn’t add up to much power production overall, though. Solar will account for 15 percent of newly-built renewables through 2040, with hydro and wind each accounting for 33 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Electric Vehicles: Still Not a Hit in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric vehicles may seem poised to be the next big thing to take over the highways in the U.S. today, but globally through the next 25 years, they’re likely to be tiny players. So small that only 1 percent of the global transportation sector is projected to run on electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation sector of the future is likely to slurp fossil fuels in 2040. About 80 percent of all global transportation will run on gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, and 11 percent will run on natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electricity remains a minor fuel for the world’s transportation energy use, although its importance in passenger rail remains high: In 2040, electricity will account for 40 percent of total passenger rail energy consumption,” the forecast says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Paris, Technology Are Big Wild Cards\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate policies, such as the Paris Climate Agreement, and advancements in technology are major wild cards when it comes to developing computer models meant to divine how the world will actually use energy in the coming decades and what that will mean for greenhouse gas emissions, Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What actually happens in the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement will be really important,” he said. “2040 is 25 years away. There’s plenty of time for things to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology is also likely to change, and it could bring about a revolution in how the world uses energy. Advancements in battery technology could allow for the storage of more electricity more affordably, while declining costs in renewable electricity could bring major changes in transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of that is extremely difficult to model,” Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, previous forecasts missed the U.S. shale oil, gas and fracking boom that occurred over the last decade. No one guessed a decade ago that the U.S. would become the world’s chief crude oil producer as advancements in hydraulic fracturing technology flooded the U.S. market with oil and gas. That boom helped to drive down prices and encourage electric power utilities to move toward natural gas and away from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bluefin Blues: Valuing a Tuna Species Before It's Too Late",
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"content": "\u003cp>The chef picked up the nubby stick of fresh wasabi. Through a translator, he explained the good ones are straight and deep green in color. It was the first time I had seen it fresh. The green dab you get at most American sushi restaurants is almost always horseradish and food coloring squeezed from a tube. While that may have been my introduction to freshly harvested wasabi, it wasn’t my first time seeing something far more precious — Pacific bluefin tuna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”wQyh6ISwp8IRCZHM2KBVU3QGB5Ka5RBW”]We skipped the early-morning tuna auction on our recent breakfast tour of Tokyo’s famous Tsukiji Market, which we purchased as part of our vacation in Japan. I figured the frozen carcasses would leave me feeling gloomy. The bursting seafood mecca has plenty of other things to see and is just as chaotic as you’d expect. For just over 80 years, it’s been drawing global tourists to central Tokyo to gawk at every kind of fish imaginable: tunas, mackerels, sea urchins, sardines, eels, halibuts, octopus, oysters, even bloody hunks of iced whale meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the same market where the first bluefin tuna sale of the year has been known to go for\u003ca href=\"http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/01/07/most-expensive-fish-world\"> astronomical sums\u003c/a>. The high price is part tradition, part marketing ploy meant to grab headlines and generate a buzz for a buyer’s restaurant or shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/21/471233422/for-tokyos-famed-fish-market-a-dreaded-death-and-a-hopeful-rebirth\">Tsukiji will be moving\u003c/a> to its new home on a spot of reclaimed land on Tokyo Bay, which is why we were touring the market now — before this bubbling, vibrant version of it (perhaps like the bluefin tuna sold there) is gone forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The future for Pacific bluefin is anything but bright. Late last month, new projections from the International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-like Species in the North Pacific Ocean showed the prized fish is at\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/7662a312838540c8befed60ed699f44d/apnewsbreak-sushi-alert-grim-outlook-bluefin-tuna\"> just 2.6 percent\u003c/a> of its original levels — down 97 percent from where it once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the early 1900s, Pacific bluefin had been caught without limits,” says Jamie Gibbon, a tuna expert with Pew Charitable Trusts. “They could catch as many fish as they wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody even realized how depleted Pacific bluefin stocks had become until just four years ago, when the first public stock assessment was done. \u003ca href=\"https://mgel.env.duke.edu/people/andre-boustany/\">Andre Boustany\u003c/a>, a research scientist and bluefin expert at Duke University, says the fish simply wasn’t on anyone’s radar. He, too, was surprised to discover the stocks were in such bad shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the greatest failures in tuna science/management that Pacific bluefin tuna weren’t given a full assessment prior to 2012,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a fish beyond many Americans’ price range. An appetizer portion of bluefin tuna sells for $32 at some \u003ca href=\"http://www.noburestaurants.com/san-diego/menus/dinner/#.VzHyHBUrIWI\">high-end restaurants.\u003c/a> It’s tender, fatty and more flavorful than its yellowfin cousin. It isn’t cute or fuzzy. There are no adorable Pacific bluefin memes or clever GIFs winning the Internet. If it vanishes from the ocean, it isn’t going to interrupt most people’s weekend plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_691751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-691751\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi.jpg\" alt=\"Set up for a hands-on sushi class: wild salmon, wild flounder, prawns, Pacific bluefin tuna, sushi rice and chilled sake. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Set up for a hands-on sushi class: wild salmon, wild flounder, prawns, Pacific bluefin tuna, sushi rice and chilled sake. \u003ccite>(Clare Leschin-Hoar for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Except that this fish matters. It’s an apex predator. That means it’s at the top of the marine food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They reflect the health of the overall ecosystem,” Gibbon says, and removing it from the food web will “send ripple effects throughout the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s another important reason to care about what happens to Pacific bluefin. The organizations that manage them also manage the tunas most Americans do eat: the kind that come in a can or are found topping your favorite ahi tuna roll. Indeed, the hand-wringing has already begun\u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-12-pacific-tuna-deadlock.html\"> for bigeye tuna\u003c/a>, whose numbers are down to 16 percent of unfished levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Marvel Of Evolution\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Barely a few steps beyond the stacks of fresh wasabi, I caught sight of a bluefin tuna’s giant head: Its mouth was open, tiny teeth pointed toward a sliver of blue sky above the cramped stall. It had already been severed from its once-speedy torpedo body, itself a marvel of evolution. With quick, skillful cuts, the vendor drew a curious crowd. They leaned, pointing and commenting as he sliced the tuna’s soft blue-red flesh from its silvery gray carcass, eventually passing a tidy package to our guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had stopped to watch him work, too, not realizing a piece of the prized fish was meant for us. I cringed. As a journalist who has covered seafood extensively for years, I’m\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/06/11/412943456/why-is-this-fisherman-selling-threatened-bluefin-tuna-for-2-99-a-pound\"> keenly aware of concerns\u003c/a> over dwindling Pacific bluefin populations. It had been far more than a decade since I purposely put a piece of bluefin into my mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular fish had been plucked from the waters off of western Mexico, then air shipped to Tokyo, where I now stood watching it being sold piece by piece to eager customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a time when both Atlantic and Pacific bluefin were plentiful. I often joke that my dad traded me to my husband for a bluefin tuna. While we were still dating, my husband caught one with friends off the coast of Cape Cod and lugged several iced pounds of it in a cooler on the plane to my parents’ house in the middle of Iowa. All in the hopes of making a good impression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was long before grocery-store sushi, and he had no way of knowing that my father had traveled extensively in Japan. Pulling back the cooler’s lid, my dad had clapped his hands loudly, rubbed them together, and made a beeline for the pantry for a tube of wasabi and a new bottle of soy sauce, creating a sashimi feast for my siblings and me. Husband got the blessing he was looking for — we were married a year later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on this day, 25 years later, on the other side of the world, he and I had circled back to bluefin. Only this time, there was no joy in the tuna sashimi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After gathering the rest of our supplies — a piece of wild salmon, a live flounder, live prawns and some chilled sake — we followed the chef up a flight of tight stairs to a small, quiet kitchen. There, he taught us the proper way to clean and cut a fish, and how to press seasoned rice in our wet hands before marrying it to the fish for a breakfast of nigiri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no point protesting. The bluefin was already plated. The language barrier meant any meaningful discussion about the fish would remain unsaid. I wet my hands, coaxed the rice into its proper shape, dabbed it with freshly grated wasabi, and gently put a slice of bluefin on top. I closed my eyes, took a moment to thank this fish for its life — and swallowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’d like to think that I didn’t eat a doomed species. There’s certainly reason to be hopeful. Pacific bluefin and other tunas have something important going for them: They’re valuable. We have more than an ecological incentive to keep them swimming — we also have a financial one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a\u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2016/05/netting_billions.pdf\"> recent report\u003c/a>, Pew puts the global value of tunas at $42 billion. That’s more than the gross domestic product of at least 108 countries. As a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/faf.12163/abstract\">new report\u003c/a> by the University of Washington points out, actually enforcing established catch limits may be the fastest, most effective way to rebuild tuna stocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we allowed stocks to rebuild, we could have much higher quotas,” says Boustany. “Higher population levels would make conservationists happy. The higher quotas would make fishers happy. And the lower chance of stock collapse would make managers happy. If we allowed the stocks to recover, the fisheries could be making a lot more money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I’m hopeful Pacific bluefin will eventually recover and become plentiful again, I can’t help but wonder what my daughter’s future suitor will bring to win our favor: a flavorless tilapia raised in a mucky pond on the other side of the world, or a cooler full of prized bluefin — a fish worth celebrating on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leschin-hoar.com/\">Clare Leschin-Hoar\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a journalist based in San Diego who covers food policy and sustainability issues.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Bluefin+Blues%3A+Valuing+A+Tuna+Species+Before+It%27s+Too+Late&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The chef picked up the nubby stick of fresh wasabi. Through a translator, he explained the good ones are straight and deep green in color. It was the first time I had seen it fresh. The green dab you get at most American sushi restaurants is almost always horseradish and food coloring squeezed from a tube. While that may have been my introduction to freshly harvested wasabi, it wasn’t my first time seeing something far more precious — Pacific bluefin tuna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>We skipped the early-morning tuna auction on our recent breakfast tour of Tokyo’s famous Tsukiji Market, which we purchased as part of our vacation in Japan. I figured the frozen carcasses would leave me feeling gloomy. The bursting seafood mecca has plenty of other things to see and is just as chaotic as you’d expect. For just over 80 years, it’s been drawing global tourists to central Tokyo to gawk at every kind of fish imaginable: tunas, mackerels, sea urchins, sardines, eels, halibuts, octopus, oysters, even bloody hunks of iced whale meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the same market where the first bluefin tuna sale of the year has been known to go for\u003ca href=\"http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/01/07/most-expensive-fish-world\"> astronomical sums\u003c/a>. The high price is part tradition, part marketing ploy meant to grab headlines and generate a buzz for a buyer’s restaurant or shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/21/471233422/for-tokyos-famed-fish-market-a-dreaded-death-and-a-hopeful-rebirth\">Tsukiji will be moving\u003c/a> to its new home on a spot of reclaimed land on Tokyo Bay, which is why we were touring the market now — before this bubbling, vibrant version of it (perhaps like the bluefin tuna sold there) is gone forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The future for Pacific bluefin is anything but bright. Late last month, new projections from the International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-like Species in the North Pacific Ocean showed the prized fish is at\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/7662a312838540c8befed60ed699f44d/apnewsbreak-sushi-alert-grim-outlook-bluefin-tuna\"> just 2.6 percent\u003c/a> of its original levels — down 97 percent from where it once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the early 1900s, Pacific bluefin had been caught without limits,” says Jamie Gibbon, a tuna expert with Pew Charitable Trusts. “They could catch as many fish as they wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody even realized how depleted Pacific bluefin stocks had become until just four years ago, when the first public stock assessment was done. \u003ca href=\"https://mgel.env.duke.edu/people/andre-boustany/\">Andre Boustany\u003c/a>, a research scientist and bluefin expert at Duke University, says the fish simply wasn’t on anyone’s radar. He, too, was surprised to discover the stocks were in such bad shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the greatest failures in tuna science/management that Pacific bluefin tuna weren’t given a full assessment prior to 2012,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a fish beyond many Americans’ price range. An appetizer portion of bluefin tuna sells for $32 at some \u003ca href=\"http://www.noburestaurants.com/san-diego/menus/dinner/#.VzHyHBUrIWI\">high-end restaurants.\u003c/a> It’s tender, fatty and more flavorful than its yellowfin cousin. It isn’t cute or fuzzy. There are no adorable Pacific bluefin memes or clever GIFs winning the Internet. If it vanishes from the ocean, it isn’t going to interrupt most people’s weekend plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_691751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-691751\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi.jpg\" alt=\"Set up for a hands-on sushi class: wild salmon, wild flounder, prawns, Pacific bluefin tuna, sushi rice and chilled sake. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Set up for a hands-on sushi class: wild salmon, wild flounder, prawns, Pacific bluefin tuna, sushi rice and chilled sake. \u003ccite>(Clare Leschin-Hoar for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Except that this fish matters. It’s an apex predator. That means it’s at the top of the marine food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They reflect the health of the overall ecosystem,” Gibbon says, and removing it from the food web will “send ripple effects throughout the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s another important reason to care about what happens to Pacific bluefin. The organizations that manage them also manage the tunas most Americans do eat: the kind that come in a can or are found topping your favorite ahi tuna roll. Indeed, the hand-wringing has already begun\u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-12-pacific-tuna-deadlock.html\"> for bigeye tuna\u003c/a>, whose numbers are down to 16 percent of unfished levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Marvel Of Evolution\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Barely a few steps beyond the stacks of fresh wasabi, I caught sight of a bluefin tuna’s giant head: Its mouth was open, tiny teeth pointed toward a sliver of blue sky above the cramped stall. It had already been severed from its once-speedy torpedo body, itself a marvel of evolution. With quick, skillful cuts, the vendor drew a curious crowd. They leaned, pointing and commenting as he sliced the tuna’s soft blue-red flesh from its silvery gray carcass, eventually passing a tidy package to our guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had stopped to watch him work, too, not realizing a piece of the prized fish was meant for us. I cringed. As a journalist who has covered seafood extensively for years, I’m\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/06/11/412943456/why-is-this-fisherman-selling-threatened-bluefin-tuna-for-2-99-a-pound\"> keenly aware of concerns\u003c/a> over dwindling Pacific bluefin populations. It had been far more than a decade since I purposely put a piece of bluefin into my mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular fish had been plucked from the waters off of western Mexico, then air shipped to Tokyo, where I now stood watching it being sold piece by piece to eager customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a time when both Atlantic and Pacific bluefin were plentiful. I often joke that my dad traded me to my husband for a bluefin tuna. While we were still dating, my husband caught one with friends off the coast of Cape Cod and lugged several iced pounds of it in a cooler on the plane to my parents’ house in the middle of Iowa. All in the hopes of making a good impression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was long before grocery-store sushi, and he had no way of knowing that my father had traveled extensively in Japan. Pulling back the cooler’s lid, my dad had clapped his hands loudly, rubbed them together, and made a beeline for the pantry for a tube of wasabi and a new bottle of soy sauce, creating a sashimi feast for my siblings and me. Husband got the blessing he was looking for — we were married a year later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on this day, 25 years later, on the other side of the world, he and I had circled back to bluefin. Only this time, there was no joy in the tuna sashimi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After gathering the rest of our supplies — a piece of wild salmon, a live flounder, live prawns and some chilled sake — we followed the chef up a flight of tight stairs to a small, quiet kitchen. There, he taught us the proper way to clean and cut a fish, and how to press seasoned rice in our wet hands before marrying it to the fish for a breakfast of nigiri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no point protesting. The bluefin was already plated. The language barrier meant any meaningful discussion about the fish would remain unsaid. I wet my hands, coaxed the rice into its proper shape, dabbed it with freshly grated wasabi, and gently put a slice of bluefin on top. I closed my eyes, took a moment to thank this fish for its life — and swallowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’d like to think that I didn’t eat a doomed species. There’s certainly reason to be hopeful. Pacific bluefin and other tunas have something important going for them: They’re valuable. We have more than an ecological incentive to keep them swimming — we also have a financial one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a\u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2016/05/netting_billions.pdf\"> recent report\u003c/a>, Pew puts the global value of tunas at $42 billion. That’s more than the gross domestic product of at least 108 countries. As a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/faf.12163/abstract\">new report\u003c/a> by the University of Washington points out, actually enforcing established catch limits may be the fastest, most effective way to rebuild tuna stocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we allowed stocks to rebuild, we could have much higher quotas,” says Boustany. “Higher population levels would make conservationists happy. The higher quotas would make fishers happy. And the lower chance of stock collapse would make managers happy. If we allowed the stocks to recover, the fisheries could be making a lot more money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I’m hopeful Pacific bluefin will eventually recover and become plentiful again, I can’t help but wonder what my daughter’s future suitor will bring to win our favor: a flavorless tilapia raised in a mucky pond on the other side of the world, or a cooler full of prized bluefin — a fish worth celebrating on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leschin-hoar.com/\">Clare Leschin-Hoar\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a journalist based in San Diego who covers food policy and sustainability issues.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Bluefin+Blues%3A+Valuing+A+Tuna+Species+Before+It%27s+Too+Late&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "NASA Spots 1,284 New Planets, 9 Are 'Potentially Habitable'",
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"content": "\u003cp>NASA announced Tuesday the discovery of an unprecedented number of planets beyond our solar system — astronomers have confirmed the existence of 1,284 new worlds orbiting distant stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These planets beyond our solar system – exoplanets — were discovered with the help of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope\u003c/a>, which launched in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When NASA decided to build and launch the Kepler Space Telescope, we did not know if exoplanets — especially small, rocky exoplanets — were common or rare in the galaxy,” says \u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/about-us/organization-and-leadership/division-bios/dr-paul-hertz/\">Paul Hertz\u003c/a>, director of the Astrophysics Division at NASA Headquarters. “We now know that exoplanets are common, that most stars in our galaxy have planetary systems, and that a reasonable fraction of the stars in our galaxy have potentially habitable planets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler was designed to search for planets by staring for years at over 100,000 stars. Whenever a planet passed in front of a star and blocked some of its light, Kepler would see a telltale dimming of the starlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to make sure that dimming really \u003cem>was\u003c/em> caused by a planet, scientists would have to do follow-up observations with other telescopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The process of verifying a candidate as a true planet has traditionally involved detailed, in-depth study on a case by case basis,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/astro/people/research/\">Timothy Morton\u003c/a>, a researcher at Princeton University. Trouble is, that takes time and a lot of effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Morton developed a new, automated technique that let him quantify the probability that a Kepler signal was really a planet — without having to do those cumbersome follow-up observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he and his colleagues have \u003ca href=\"http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~tdm/koi-fpp/ms.pdf\">published evidence\u003c/a>, in the current issue of \u003cem>The Astrophysical Journal\u003c/em>, showing that a slew of Kepler’s observations have more than a 99 percent probability of being real planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the most exoplanets that have ever been announced at one time,” says Morton. And it more than doubles the number of verified planets discovered by the Kepler telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on size, nearly 550 could be rocky planets like Earth. And 9 of them orbit in their star’s “Goldilocks Zone” — the region around a star that’s not too hot or too cold for liquid water — and maybe even life. Previously, the Kepler team had only known of a dozen such planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the 1,284 newly verified planets, Morton’s analysis shows that an additional 1,327 candidates spotted by Kepler that are more likely to be planets than not — but they need more study for confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/staff/natalie-batalha\">Natalie Batalha\u003c/a>, the Kepler mission scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, says the space telescope is giving researchers a real sense of what kind of planets are out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re talking about tens of billions of potentially habitable, Earth-size planets out there in the galaxy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, NASA is planning to launch another space telescope called \u003ca href=\"http://tess.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">TESS\u003c/a>. It will be similar to Kepler but will search the entire sky to find Earth-like planets around closer, brighter stars. Astronomers should have an easier time studying those planets to learn more about what they’re like and whether they might be right for life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA+Spots+1%2C284+New+Planets%2C+Including+9+That+Are+%27Potentially+Habitable%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA announced Tuesday the discovery of an unprecedented number of planets beyond our solar system — astronomers have confirmed the existence of 1,284 new worlds orbiting distant stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These planets beyond our solar system – exoplanets — were discovered with the help of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope\u003c/a>, which launched in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When NASA decided to build and launch the Kepler Space Telescope, we did not know if exoplanets — especially small, rocky exoplanets — were common or rare in the galaxy,” says \u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/about-us/organization-and-leadership/division-bios/dr-paul-hertz/\">Paul Hertz\u003c/a>, director of the Astrophysics Division at NASA Headquarters. “We now know that exoplanets are common, that most stars in our galaxy have planetary systems, and that a reasonable fraction of the stars in our galaxy have potentially habitable planets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler was designed to search for planets by staring for years at over 100,000 stars. Whenever a planet passed in front of a star and blocked some of its light, Kepler would see a telltale dimming of the starlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to make sure that dimming really \u003cem>was\u003c/em> caused by a planet, scientists would have to do follow-up observations with other telescopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The process of verifying a candidate as a true planet has traditionally involved detailed, in-depth study on a case by case basis,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/astro/people/research/\">Timothy Morton\u003c/a>, a researcher at Princeton University. Trouble is, that takes time and a lot of effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Morton developed a new, automated technique that let him quantify the probability that a Kepler signal was really a planet — without having to do those cumbersome follow-up observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he and his colleagues have \u003ca href=\"http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~tdm/koi-fpp/ms.pdf\">published evidence\u003c/a>, in the current issue of \u003cem>The Astrophysical Journal\u003c/em>, showing that a slew of Kepler’s observations have more than a 99 percent probability of being real planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the most exoplanets that have ever been announced at one time,” says Morton. And it more than doubles the number of verified planets discovered by the Kepler telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on size, nearly 550 could be rocky planets like Earth. And 9 of them orbit in their star’s “Goldilocks Zone” — the region around a star that’s not too hot or too cold for liquid water — and maybe even life. Previously, the Kepler team had only known of a dozen such planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the 1,284 newly verified planets, Morton’s analysis shows that an additional 1,327 candidates spotted by Kepler that are more likely to be planets than not — but they need more study for confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/staff/natalie-batalha\">Natalie Batalha\u003c/a>, the Kepler mission scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, says the space telescope is giving researchers a real sense of what kind of planets are out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re talking about tens of billions of potentially habitable, Earth-size planets out there in the galaxy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, NASA is planning to launch another space telescope called \u003ca href=\"http://tess.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">TESS\u003c/a>. It will be similar to Kepler but will search the entire sky to find Earth-like planets around closer, brighter stars. Astronomers should have an easier time studying those planets to learn more about what they’re like and whether they might be right for life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA+Spots+1%2C284+New+Planets%2C+Including+9+That+Are+%27Potentially+Habitable%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California May Abandon State-Imposed Water Conservation Quotas",
"headTitle": "California May Abandon State-Imposed Water Conservation Quotas | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California water officials say they’re moving to scrap the system of state-imposed water conservation quotas put in place during the current drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system resulted in a cumulative saving among urban consumers of about 24 percent compared to the benchmark year of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Governor Jerry Brown issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/5.9.16_Executive_Order.pdf\">executive order\u003c/a> that makes permanent some of the most basic prohibitions in place since 2014, such as the ban on hosing down sidewalks and watering lawns to the extent that it creates runoff or within 48 hours of any measurable rainfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we know that drought is becoming a regular occurrence and water conservation must be a part of our everyday life,” Brown said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule barring restaurants from serving water unsolicited is being lifted, however. Officials say that was always intended as more of an “awareness” measure than a way to achieve major water savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_687798\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-687798\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869.jpg\" alt=\"State officials are lifting the rule barring restaurants from serving water unless requested.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State officials are lifting the rule barring restaurants from serving water unless requested. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But rather than having state officials assign mandatory saving targets to local water agencies, the State Water Resources Control Board will vote next week on a plan to put conservation more firmly back in local hands. Some local water agencies had pushed back hard on the imposed-quota system, calling it unduly restrictive and tone-deaf to local conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the staff is proposing here isn’t a walk in the park,” board chair Felicia Marcus told reporters in a Monday conference call. Instead, Marcus called the new plan “much more tailored to circumstances we’re in now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those circumstances would be the much improved water conditions from a year ago, when reservoirs were scraping bottom and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/sierra-meltdown-what-snow-we-got-is-going-fast/\">Sierra snowpack\u003c/a> was at an estimated 500-year low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With conditions remaining stubbornly dry in Southern California, Mark Cowin, who heads the state’s Department of Water Resources says officials are “a long way from calling off the statewide drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why change the game plan now? Officials called the new proposal “a more nuanced approach” to keeping a lid on excess water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the staff proposal unveiled on Monday, water suppliers would set local conservation targets based on their own three-year supply projections. Those projections would be modeled on a recurrence of both the drought conditions and demand levels from 2013-14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the governor’s executive order, local agencies will still be required to report monthly water use to the state. Marcus says the state will still be empowered to step in and “second-guess” local agencies, possibly imposing restrictions on those that don’t comply with the proposed system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Monday, the California senate passed a bill from Jerry Hill (D-San Mateo) that would force water agencies to institute either surcharges or fines for excessive water use during a declared drought emergency. SB 814 now goes to the assembly.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California water officials say they’re moving to scrap the system of state-imposed water conservation quotas put in place during the current drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system resulted in a cumulative saving among urban consumers of about 24 percent compared to the benchmark year of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Governor Jerry Brown issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/5.9.16_Executive_Order.pdf\">executive order\u003c/a> that makes permanent some of the most basic prohibitions in place since 2014, such as the ban on hosing down sidewalks and watering lawns to the extent that it creates runoff or within 48 hours of any measurable rainfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we know that drought is becoming a regular occurrence and water conservation must be a part of our everyday life,” Brown said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule barring restaurants from serving water unsolicited is being lifted, however. Officials say that was always intended as more of an “awareness” measure than a way to achieve major water savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_687798\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-687798\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869.jpg\" alt=\"State officials are lifting the rule barring restaurants from serving water unless requested.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State officials are lifting the rule barring restaurants from serving water unless requested. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But rather than having state officials assign mandatory saving targets to local water agencies, the State Water Resources Control Board will vote next week on a plan to put conservation more firmly back in local hands. Some local water agencies had pushed back hard on the imposed-quota system, calling it unduly restrictive and tone-deaf to local conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the staff is proposing here isn’t a walk in the park,” board chair Felicia Marcus told reporters in a Monday conference call. Instead, Marcus called the new plan “much more tailored to circumstances we’re in now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those circumstances would be the much improved water conditions from a year ago, when reservoirs were scraping bottom and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/sierra-meltdown-what-snow-we-got-is-going-fast/\">Sierra snowpack\u003c/a> was at an estimated 500-year low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With conditions remaining stubbornly dry in Southern California, Mark Cowin, who heads the state’s Department of Water Resources says officials are “a long way from calling off the statewide drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why change the game plan now? Officials called the new proposal “a more nuanced approach” to keeping a lid on excess water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the staff proposal unveiled on Monday, water suppliers would set local conservation targets based on their own three-year supply projections. Those projections would be modeled on a recurrence of both the drought conditions and demand levels from 2013-14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the governor’s executive order, local agencies will still be required to report monthly water use to the state. Marcus says the state will still be empowered to step in and “second-guess” local agencies, possibly imposing restrictions on those that don’t comply with the proposed system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Monday, the California senate passed a bill from Jerry Hill (D-San Mateo) that would force water agencies to institute either surcharges or fines for excessive water use during a declared drought emergency. SB 814 now goes to the assembly.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
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