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"content": "\u003cp>The last few years has shown that California is getting serious about policies to combat drought. And now it is getting serious about the role of data in that fight. In 2013 Gov. Jerry Brown mandated that urban water suppliers report monthly average gallons per capita per day to track water conservation. And last week the governor further enshrined that data collection effort in a new executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ltqguQlkHS7BLKLWuQ8XkWmkJ0VGWUcq”]This \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/conservation_reporting.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">information\u003c/a>, available online to anyone, is useful. But only to a degree. There is still much more to be learned about how Californians use water, how much they use and how well conservation and efficiency programs are working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where the \u003ca href=\"http://californiadatacollaborative.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Data Collaborative\u003c/a> comes in. It is “a coalition of water utilities working together to share data and accelerate water efficiencies and ensure reliability in the face of our water supply challenges,” said the initiative’s project manager Patrick Atwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately the goal of the project is “integrating the entire life cycle of water use data” as the collaborative’s website states. And an important part of this, said Atwater, is standardizing all the data that is being collected through various water suppliers and state agencies. Then that data can be analyzed, along with other information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is in its first phase and the initial focus is on understanding outdoor water use efficiency, so data specific to locations, such as population, irrigable area and the evapotranspiration rate can be added to user data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The increased knowledge from the Data Collaborative analytics is intended to provide utilities with a radically more rapid view of program effectiveness, cost per program and how to better reach and respond to customer water use behavior,” the site explains. “In addition, statewide data integration and standardization will allow for comparative analyses of customer usage changes attributed to water conservation initiatives such as turf rebates and public outreach, as well as projections of future patterns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently there are eight water agencies on board, which contribute all of the data from meter readings of every customer to a cloud-based server. More agencies are hoping to climb on board but the early joiners were: Moulton Niguel Water District, Inland Empire Utilities Agency, Irvine Ranch Water District, East Bay Municipal Utility District, La Virgenes Municipal Water Agency, Santa Margarita Water District, Monte Vista Water District and Eastern Municipal Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly half the water use for a household is outdoors in California, which makes cutting down on irrigation a prime target for conservation. As such, the state has spent more than $500 million on rebate programs to incentivize turf removal. But how well are these incentive programs working?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one of the topics that the California Data Collaborative has been analyzing. “There has been a story that if you put more dollars per square foot with a higher rebate amount you get more participation,” said Atwater. “One of the key things that we’ve seen is that is only marginally true. There are actually a lot of reasons that people opt to convert their landscapes and we are seeing communities that have more environmentally conscious attitudes participate more, which speaks to the value of marketing and other public education strategies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the Data Collaborative will unveil the findings at Stanford for its first nine months of work, which is just the beginning. Atwater said they hope to provide the service to any water utility in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Atwater sees the Data Collaborative as way to help water managers make the best decisions despite a host of unknowns. “There is uncertainty regarding the Delta. There is uncertainty with things like climate change,” said Atwater. “But what the data really offers is the ability to help water managers navigate that new reality and adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"start\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/about/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a> is\u003c/span> an independent digital media project dedicated to covering California’s water crisis. The project is part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsdeeply.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News Deeply\u003c/a>, a new media startup and social enterprise based in New York.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Based on the adage that you “can’t manage what you can’t measure,” the California Data Collaborative is hoping to give water managers better tools to fight drought by standardizing and analyzing water data.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The last few years has shown that California is getting serious about policies to combat drought. And now it is getting serious about the role of data in that fight. In 2013 Gov. Jerry Brown mandated that urban water suppliers report monthly average gallons per capita per day to track water conservation. And last week the governor further enshrined that data collection effort in a new executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>This \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/conservation_portal/conservation_reporting.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">information\u003c/a>, available online to anyone, is useful. But only to a degree. There is still much more to be learned about how Californians use water, how much they use and how well conservation and efficiency programs are working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where the \u003ca href=\"http://californiadatacollaborative.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Data Collaborative\u003c/a> comes in. It is “a coalition of water utilities working together to share data and accelerate water efficiencies and ensure reliability in the face of our water supply challenges,” said the initiative’s project manager Patrick Atwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately the goal of the project is “integrating the entire life cycle of water use data” as the collaborative’s website states. And an important part of this, said Atwater, is standardizing all the data that is being collected through various water suppliers and state agencies. Then that data can be analyzed, along with other information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is in its first phase and the initial focus is on understanding outdoor water use efficiency, so data specific to locations, such as population, irrigable area and the evapotranspiration rate can be added to user data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The increased knowledge from the Data Collaborative analytics is intended to provide utilities with a radically more rapid view of program effectiveness, cost per program and how to better reach and respond to customer water use behavior,” the site explains. “In addition, statewide data integration and standardization will allow for comparative analyses of customer usage changes attributed to water conservation initiatives such as turf rebates and public outreach, as well as projections of future patterns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently there are eight water agencies on board, which contribute all of the data from meter readings of every customer to a cloud-based server. More agencies are hoping to climb on board but the early joiners were: Moulton Niguel Water District, Inland Empire Utilities Agency, Irvine Ranch Water District, East Bay Municipal Utility District, La Virgenes Municipal Water Agency, Santa Margarita Water District, Monte Vista Water District and Eastern Municipal Water District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly half the water use for a household is outdoors in California, which makes cutting down on irrigation a prime target for conservation. As such, the state has spent more than $500 million on rebate programs to incentivize turf removal. But how well are these incentive programs working?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one of the topics that the California Data Collaborative has been analyzing. “There has been a story that if you put more dollars per square foot with a higher rebate amount you get more participation,” said Atwater. “One of the key things that we’ve seen is that is only marginally true. There are actually a lot of reasons that people opt to convert their landscapes and we are seeing communities that have more environmentally conscious attitudes participate more, which speaks to the value of marketing and other public education strategies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the Data Collaborative will unveil the findings at Stanford for its first nine months of work, which is just the beginning. Atwater said they hope to provide the service to any water utility in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Atwater sees the Data Collaborative as way to help water managers make the best decisions despite a host of unknowns. “There is uncertainty regarding the Delta. There is uncertainty with things like climate change,” said Atwater. “But what the data really offers is the ability to help water managers navigate that new reality and adapt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"start\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/about/\">Water Deeply\u003c/a> is\u003c/span> an independent digital media project dedicated to covering California’s water crisis. The project is part of \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsdeeply.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">News Deeply\u003c/a>, a new media startup and social enterprise based in New York.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bill Would Require FDA to Evaluate Chemicals in Cosmetics for the First Time Ever",
"headTitle": "Bill Would Require FDA to Evaluate Chemicals in Cosmetics for the First Time Ever | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When you brush your teeth or rub on body lotion, you might assume the products are guaranteed to be safe, and that some government agency oversees that. But no agency does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long list of ingredients on a label might include chemicals and heavy metals that, at certain levels of exposure, are known to cause cancer or affect brain development.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The goal is to give somebody who buys a product, eventually, the knowledge that there’s nothing in that product which in five years can cause you cancer or can disrupt your endocrine system.’\u003ccite>Senator Dianne Feinstein\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The label might also include chemicals that harm the reproductive system in animals and haven’t been well-studied in humans. Some of these chemicals don’t have to be specifically listed as ingredients; they can be hidden behind the words “fragrance” or “perfume” because scents are proprietary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The product manufacturer is the only entity charged with ensuring the products are safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bipartisan bill introduced by Senators Dianne Feinstein (D-California) and Susan Collins (R-Maine) would require the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to evaluate the chemicals in personal care products for the first time ever. The FDA would have authority to set exposure limits, require warning labels and even recall products deemed unsafe. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=89FF88B8-5FB1-4617-B96A-C46547CA14EF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Personal Care Products Safety Act\u003c/a> is expected to receive a hearing in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Happens Now\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently the FDA has \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm074162.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jurisdiction\u003c/a> over the regulation of personal care products, but the agency does not test or investigate the chemicals before they go to market. The agency isn’t even allowed to do that, unlike the extensive testing required for pharmaceutical drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senator Feinstein notes that Europe has \u003ca href=\"http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009R1223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banned\u003c/a> hundreds of chemicals from personal care products, whereas the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm127406.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FDA\u003c/a> has banned only nine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is to give somebody who buys a product, eventually, the knowledge that there’s nothing in that product which in five years can cause you cancer or can disrupt your endocrine system,” says Senator Feinstein.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/3BsGU/7/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Would Change\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/1014?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22s1014%5C%22%22%5D%7D&resultIndex=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new bill\u003c/a> the FDA would be required to evaluate at least five common ingredients in personal care products every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first set of chemicals that would be reviewed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Diazolidinyl urea\u003c/b>—An antimicrobial preservative in many products, such as bubble bath and lotion\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Lead acetate\u003c/b>—A color additive in hair dyes that’s listed on California’s toxics registry as a chemical known to cause cancer\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Methylene glycol/Formaldehyde\u003c/b>—Used in hair treatments\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Propylparaben\u003c/b>—A preservative in a many products, including shampoo and conditioner\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Quaternium-15\u003c/b>—An ammonium salt used as a preservative in products such as shaving cream and cleansers\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The bill would also require companies to register facilities, products and ingredients with the FDA and to comply with good manufacturing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big labels like Estee Lauder and Johnson and Johnson have signed on in support. So has the Personal Care Products Council; the three other large trade organizations are split. None wanted to be interviewed for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How Toxic Are the Products in Your Bathroom?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are raising questions about two groups of chemicals used widely in personal care products: parabens and pthalates. Parabens are used as preservatives and antimicrobials, and pthalates make lotions more creamier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both types of chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors, which means they might interfere with estrogen and testosterone in the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_697371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-697371\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg\" alt=\"UC Berkeley student Carolina Mundo no longer wears makeup, after she participated in a study measuring endocrine disruptors in Latina teens.\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg 4032w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley student Carolina Mundo no longer wears makeup, after she participated in a study measuring endocrine disruptors in Latina teens. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim Harley, a UC Berkeley epidemiologist, emphasizes that published research on these chemicals is limited; scientists don’t yet know how they could affect us or what concentrations could be harmful to human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concerns with endocrine disruption are, first of all, that it seems like very small levels of these chemicals may impact our health,” Harley says, “and second of all, it’s a very diverse set of health effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley published a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/03/07/big-drop-in-chemical-levels-in-girls-who-switched-cosmetics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> this spring measuring the levels of four common endocrine disruptors in Latina teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing that we found,” she says, “was that all girls had detectable levels of these chemicals in their body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley asked the girls to stop using products like body wash, lotion and deodorant for three days. She was astounded by how quickly the body cleansed. Chemical levels dropped by as much as 45 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_697485\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-697485\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg\" alt=\"California guidelines say companies must warn consumers if lead levels in lipsticks are greater than 5 parts per million (ppm). A 2010 FDA study of 400 lipsticks found two products above that level. Lead is not added to lipsticks, but is an impurity resulting from manufacturing or chemical breakdowns,\" width=\"1386\" height=\"1385\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg 1386w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-800x799.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-768x767.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-1180x1179.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-960x959.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California guidelines say companies must warn consumers if lead levels in lipsticks are greater than 5 parts per million (ppm). A 2010 FDA study of 400 lipsticks found two products above that level. Lead is not added to lipsticks, but is an impurity resulting from manufacturing or chemical breakdowns. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Harley can’t say specifically how that might affect the girls’ health, there are alarming examples of how endocrine disruptors affect wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know enough from animal studies and laboratory studies to be concerned about their estrogenic properties,” says Harley, “but we’re really still learning whether they’re impacting human health or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the famous pesticide DDT that was banned in the 1970’s? It threatened bald eagles by making the bird’s eggshells too thin. On Lake Apopka in Florida, researchers in the 1990s suggested that chemical contamination 50 years earlier was responsible for abnormal gonads and poor egg viability in alligators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Doing Your Own Homework\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re worried about what’s inside your products you can test before you buy with smartphone apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Working Group offers an app called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/#sthash.dnOKDZIA.dpuf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Skin Deep, \u003c/a>which rates more than 97,000 personal care products. When you scan the bar code the app shows the available research on whether the product includes ingredients known to cause cancer, allergies or reproductive harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.thinkdirtyapp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Think Dirty\u003c/a> app is similar; you can scan the bar code of more than 305,000 items (including Canadian brands), and it lists ingredients that are banned in some countries but not in others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you brush your teeth or rub on body lotion, you might assume the products are guaranteed to be safe, and that some government agency oversees that. But no agency does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long list of ingredients on a label might include chemicals and heavy metals that, at certain levels of exposure, are known to cause cancer or affect brain development.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The goal is to give somebody who buys a product, eventually, the knowledge that there’s nothing in that product which in five years can cause you cancer or can disrupt your endocrine system.’\u003ccite>Senator Dianne Feinstein\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The label might also include chemicals that harm the reproductive system in animals and haven’t been well-studied in humans. Some of these chemicals don’t have to be specifically listed as ingredients; they can be hidden behind the words “fragrance” or “perfume” because scents are proprietary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The product manufacturer is the only entity charged with ensuring the products are safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bipartisan bill introduced by Senators Dianne Feinstein (D-California) and Susan Collins (R-Maine) would require the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to evaluate the chemicals in personal care products for the first time ever. The FDA would have authority to set exposure limits, require warning labels and even recall products deemed unsafe. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ID=89FF88B8-5FB1-4617-B96A-C46547CA14EF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Personal Care Products Safety Act\u003c/a> is expected to receive a hearing in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Happens Now\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently the FDA has \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm074162.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jurisdiction\u003c/a> over the regulation of personal care products, but the agency does not test or investigate the chemicals before they go to market. The agency isn’t even allowed to do that, unlike the extensive testing required for pharmaceutical drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senator Feinstein notes that Europe has \u003ca href=\"http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009R1223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banned\u003c/a> hundreds of chemicals from personal care products, whereas the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Cosmetics/GuidanceRegulation/LawsRegulations/ucm127406.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FDA\u003c/a> has banned only nine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The goal is to give somebody who buys a product, eventually, the knowledge that there’s nothing in that product which in five years can cause you cancer or can disrupt your endocrine system,” says Senator Feinstein.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/3BsGU/7/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"600\" height=\"425\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Would Change\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/1014?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22%5C%22s1014%5C%22%22%5D%7D&resultIndex=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new bill\u003c/a> the FDA would be required to evaluate at least five common ingredients in personal care products every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first set of chemicals that would be reviewed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Diazolidinyl urea\u003c/b>—An antimicrobial preservative in many products, such as bubble bath and lotion\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Lead acetate\u003c/b>—A color additive in hair dyes that’s listed on California’s toxics registry as a chemical known to cause cancer\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Methylene glycol/Formaldehyde\u003c/b>—Used in hair treatments\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Propylparaben\u003c/b>—A preservative in a many products, including shampoo and conditioner\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cb>Quaternium-15\u003c/b>—An ammonium salt used as a preservative in products such as shaving cream and cleansers\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The bill would also require companies to register facilities, products and ingredients with the FDA and to comply with good manufacturing practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big labels like Estee Lauder and Johnson and Johnson have signed on in support. So has the Personal Care Products Council; the three other large trade organizations are split. None wanted to be interviewed for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How Toxic Are the Products in Your Bathroom?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are raising questions about two groups of chemicals used widely in personal care products: parabens and pthalates. Parabens are used as preservatives and antimicrobials, and pthalates make lotions more creamier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both types of chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors, which means they might interfere with estrogen and testosterone in the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_697371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4032px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-697371\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg\" alt=\"UC Berkeley student Carolina Mundo no longer wears makeup, after she participated in a study measuring endocrine disruptors in Latina teens.\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196.jpg 4032w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_0196-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4032px) 100vw, 4032px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley student Carolina Mundo no longer wears makeup, after she participated in a study measuring endocrine disruptors in Latina teens. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim Harley, a UC Berkeley epidemiologist, emphasizes that published research on these chemicals is limited; scientists don’t yet know how they could affect us or what concentrations could be harmful to human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our concerns with endocrine disruption are, first of all, that it seems like very small levels of these chemicals may impact our health,” Harley says, “and second of all, it’s a very diverse set of health effects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley published a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/03/07/big-drop-in-chemical-levels-in-girls-who-switched-cosmetics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> this spring measuring the levels of four common endocrine disruptors in Latina teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first thing that we found,” she says, “was that all girls had detectable levels of these chemicals in their body.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harley asked the girls to stop using products like body wash, lotion and deodorant for three days. She was astounded by how quickly the body cleansed. Chemical levels dropped by as much as 45 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_697485\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1386px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-697485\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg\" alt=\"California guidelines say companies must warn consumers if lead levels in lipsticks are greater than 5 parts per million (ppm). A 2010 FDA study of 400 lipsticks found two products above that level. Lead is not added to lipsticks, but is an impurity resulting from manufacturing or chemical breakdowns,\" width=\"1386\" height=\"1385\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium.jpg 1386w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-400x400.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-800x799.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-768x767.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-1180x1179.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-960x959.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/iStock_000084810667_Medium-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1386px) 100vw, 1386px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California guidelines say companies must warn consumers if lead levels in lipsticks are greater than 5 parts per million (ppm). A 2010 FDA study of 400 lipsticks found two products above that level. Lead is not added to lipsticks, but is an impurity resulting from manufacturing or chemical breakdowns. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Harley can’t say specifically how that might affect the girls’ health, there are alarming examples of how endocrine disruptors affect wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know enough from animal studies and laboratory studies to be concerned about their estrogenic properties,” says Harley, “but we’re really still learning whether they’re impacting human health or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the famous pesticide DDT that was banned in the 1970’s? It threatened bald eagles by making the bird’s eggshells too thin. On Lake Apopka in Florida, researchers in the 1990s suggested that chemical contamination 50 years earlier was responsible for abnormal gonads and poor egg viability in alligators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Doing Your Own Homework\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re worried about what’s inside your products you can test before you buy with smartphone apps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Environmental Working Group offers an app called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/#sthash.dnOKDZIA.dpuf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Skin Deep, \u003c/a>which rates more than 97,000 personal care products. When you scan the bar code the app shows the available research on whether the product includes ingredients known to cause cancer, allergies or reproductive harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.thinkdirtyapp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Think Dirty\u003c/a> app is similar; you can scan the bar code of more than 305,000 items (including Canadian brands), and it lists ingredients that are banned in some countries but not in others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Biking to Work: Cheap and Safer Than Ever",
"headTitle": "Biking to Work: Cheap and Safer Than Ever | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A crowd of helmeted cyclists cheered as Oakland Mayor Libby Shaff and councilmembers from Oakland and Piedmont cut the ribbon to celebrate the opening of a bright green dedicated bike lane on Grand Avenue, connecting the two cities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday’s event, marking the 22nd annual Bay Area Bike to Work Day, was one of four ribbon-cutting ceremonies for new dedicated bike lanes in Oakland, Piedmont and Berkeley. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Changes are happening, they’re happening fast, and we have a lot to celebrate.’\u003ccite>Renee Rivera, Bike East Bay\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This year, more than 19,000 participants rolled onto East Bay streets to commute to work and take advantage of various Energizer Stations that provided snacks, raffles, and support for the commuters. The huge turnout reflects a broader trend; now more than ever, East Bay residents are choosing bikes for their morning commutes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, everybody bikes. Our councilmembers bike, our mayor bikes,” says Kristine Shaff, spokeswoman for the city’s Public Works department. “People of every color, shape, and size were in the plaza and on the roadways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland Mayor Libby Shaaf, Oakland City Council member Abel Guillén, Piedmont City Council member Timothy Rood and Bike East Bay's Renee Rivera cut the ribbon to celebrate a new dedicated bike lane.\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-695222\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland Mayor Libby Shaaf, Oakland City Council member Abel Guillén, Piedmont City Council member Timothy Rood and Bike East Bay’s Renee Rivera cut the ribbon to celebrate a new dedicated bike lane. \u003ccite>(Timothy Rood )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of bike commuters in Alameda County has doubled in the past five years, says Renee Rivera, executive director of Bike East Bay. The nonprofit advocacy group has been helping design and lobby for the new bike lanes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a huge turnout, lots of people out celebrating,” Rivera says. “There’s a feeling of momentum right now. Changes are happening, they’re happening fast, and we have a lot to celebrate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bike Commuting Made Safer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three of the four new bike lanes have protective barriers between cyclists and the traffic. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels relaxed, it feels much safer. It completely transforms the experience of riding on the streets,” Rivera says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On many bikeways, cyclists ride in a narrow lane with traffic on one side and parked cars on the other, says Rivera. This can set riders up for “dooring,” in which the door of a parked car flies open and the cyclist crashes into the door and hurtles through space over the front of the door. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a protected bike lane, the parked cars or another barrier like flexible posts separate the cyclist from traffic, and the cyclist rides closest to the curb. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emeryville completed a two-way protected bike lane on Christie Ave, connecting the Bay Trail north of Powell Street to the Bay Bridge bike path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley opened a protected lane on Fulton Street that connects the UC Berkeley campus and Oxford Street to Channing Way Bicycle Boulevard. The lane fills in a dangerous, two-block gap in the bike network, a project the city approved after a serious accident occurred in February. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Flexible posts block traffic from driving into a new protected bike lane in Berkeley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-695225\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flexible posts block traffic from driving into a new protected bike lane in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Bike East Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland opened its first protected bike lane earlier in the week on Telegraph Ave. between 20th and 29th. Some 1,200 commuters travel the corridor every day. The new set-up uses parked cars to separate the riders. The city plans on extending the bike lane to 40th St, and eventually all the way to the Oakland border. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new projects are funded partly through Alameda County’s Measure BB, a transportation sales tax meant to pay for improvements in modes of transportation, including for bicycles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bikes are important for Oakland because we’re a little more spread out,” Shaff says. “Owning a car is not feasible for everyone. We want to make cycling as comfortable as we can for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg\" alt=\"Morning commuters pedal through the Mission District in San Francisco on Bike To Work Day. \" width=\"4000\" height=\"3000\" class=\"size-full wp-image-695223\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg 4000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4000px) 100vw, 4000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morning commuters pedal through the Mission District in San Francisco on Bike To Work Day. \u003ccite>(Lisa Marie Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco Loves Cycling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, thousands of people commuted for Bike to Work Day; a counter on Market Street ticked off 2,360 people riding for their morning commute, says Chris Cassidy, communications director for the San Francisco Bike Coalition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riding to work has always been popular in San Francisco, home to the monthly Critical Mass cycling event. And bike commuting continues to grow, with an 8.5 percent increase in 2015 alone. The city has varying degrees of protected bike lanes: fully protected lanes that prevent cars from driving into them, lanes protected by parking, and a pilot elevated bike lane. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a core principle among safer-street advocates: If you build it, then they will come,” says Cassidy. “People will walk, and bike and enjoy safer and more welcoming streets.” \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A crowd of helmeted cyclists cheered as Oakland Mayor Libby Shaff and councilmembers from Oakland and Piedmont cut the ribbon to celebrate the opening of a bright green dedicated bike lane on Grand Avenue, connecting the two cities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday’s event, marking the 22nd annual Bay Area Bike to Work Day, was one of four ribbon-cutting ceremonies for new dedicated bike lanes in Oakland, Piedmont and Berkeley. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Changes are happening, they’re happening fast, and we have a lot to celebrate.’\u003ccite>Renee Rivera, Bike East Bay\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This year, more than 19,000 participants rolled onto East Bay streets to commute to work and take advantage of various Energizer Stations that provided snacks, raffles, and support for the commuters. The huge turnout reflects a broader trend; now more than ever, East Bay residents are choosing bikes for their morning commutes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, everybody bikes. Our councilmembers bike, our mayor bikes,” says Kristine Shaff, spokeswoman for the city’s Public Works department. “People of every color, shape, and size were in the plaza and on the roadways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695222\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 960px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3.jpg\" alt=\"Oakland Mayor Libby Shaaf, Oakland City Council member Abel Guillén, Piedmont City Council member Timothy Rood and Bike East Bay's Renee Rivera cut the ribbon to celebrate a new dedicated bike lane.\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-695222\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Grand-Ave-ribbon-cutting-2-credit-Timothy-Rood-3-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oakland Mayor Libby Shaaf, Oakland City Council member Abel Guillén, Piedmont City Council member Timothy Rood and Bike East Bay’s Renee Rivera cut the ribbon to celebrate a new dedicated bike lane. \u003ccite>(Timothy Rood )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of bike commuters in Alameda County has doubled in the past five years, says Renee Rivera, executive director of Bike East Bay. The nonprofit advocacy group has been helping design and lobby for the new bike lanes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a huge turnout, lots of people out celebrating,” Rivera says. “There’s a feeling of momentum right now. Changes are happening, they’re happening fast, and we have a lot to celebrate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bike Commuting Made Safer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three of the four new bike lanes have protective barriers between cyclists and the traffic. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels relaxed, it feels much safer. It completely transforms the experience of riding on the streets,” Rivera says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On many bikeways, cyclists ride in a narrow lane with traffic on one side and parked cars on the other, says Rivera. This can set riders up for “dooring,” in which the door of a parked car flies open and the cyclist crashes into the door and hurtles through space over the front of the door. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a protected bike lane, the parked cars or another barrier like flexible posts separate the cyclist from traffic, and the cyclist rides closest to the curb. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emeryville completed a two-way protected bike lane on Christie Ave, connecting the Bay Trail north of Powell Street to the Bay Bridge bike path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley opened a protected lane on Fulton Street that connects the UC Berkeley campus and Oxford Street to Channing Way Bicycle Boulevard. The lane fills in a dangerous, two-block gap in the bike network, a project the city approved after a serious accident occurred in February. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695225\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Flexible posts block traffic from driving into a new protected bike lane in Berkeley.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-695225\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Fulton-Street-credit-Bike-East-Bay.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flexible posts block traffic from driving into a new protected bike lane in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Bike East Bay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland opened its first protected bike lane earlier in the week on Telegraph Ave. between 20th and 29th. Some 1,200 commuters travel the corridor every day. The new set-up uses parked cars to separate the riders. The city plans on extending the bike lane to 40th St, and eventually all the way to the Oakland border. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new projects are funded partly through Alameda County’s Measure BB, a transportation sales tax meant to pay for improvements in modes of transportation, including for bicycles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bikes are important for Oakland because we’re a little more spread out,” Shaff says. “Owning a car is not feasible for everyone. We want to make cycling as comfortable as we can for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_695223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg\" alt=\"Morning commuters pedal through the Mission District in San Francisco on Bike To Work Day. \" width=\"4000\" height=\"3000\" class=\"size-full wp-image-695223\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork.jpg 4000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/BikeToWork-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4000px) 100vw, 4000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Morning commuters pedal through the Mission District in San Francisco on Bike To Work Day. \u003ccite>(Lisa Marie Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco Loves Cycling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, thousands of people commuted for Bike to Work Day; a counter on Market Street ticked off 2,360 people riding for their morning commute, says Chris Cassidy, communications director for the San Francisco Bike Coalition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riding to work has always been popular in San Francisco, home to the monthly Critical Mass cycling event. And bike commuting continues to grow, with an 8.5 percent increase in 2015 alone. The city has varying degrees of protected bike lanes: fully protected lanes that prevent cars from driving into them, lanes protected by parking, and a pilot elevated bike lane. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a core principle among safer-street advocates: If you build it, then they will come,” says Cassidy. “People will walk, and bike and enjoy safer and more welcoming streets.” \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "By 2040 We'll Only See a Slight Fall in Fossil Fuels, Says Forecast",
"headTitle": "By 2040 We’ll Only See a Slight Fall in Fossil Fuels, Says Forecast | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Despite the urgency to cut greenhouse gas emissions as climate change bears down on the globe, fossil fuel use is not likely to change much in the coming decades. Though renewable energy will grow quickly though 2040, gasoline and diesel will still move most of the world’s vehicles, and coal will still be the largest single source of carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”C3eZwAnQafrt6zGQCUiaNR9W1uNgpYHX”]Those are the conclusions of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/exec_summ.cfm\">a forecast\u003c/a> released by the federal government on Wednesday for how the world will use energy and what its carbon dioxide emissions will be over the next 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are five things to know about the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s World Energy Outlook 2016 and what it might mean for the climate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Carbon Emissions Will Continue Ballooning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global carbon emissions from energy consumption are expected to grow at an average rate of 1 percent per year between 2012 and 2040, growing a total 34 percent in that time as fossil fuels provide the world with more than three quarters of its energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With existing policies and regulations, worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide emissions will go from about 32 billion metric tons in 2012 to something like 43 billion metric tons out to the year 2040,” EIA administrator Adam Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed countries are expected see their carbon emissions increase about 9 percent through 2040, but in the developing world, those emissions will spike 51 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because developing countries, particularly China and India, are likely to continue to rely mainly on fossil fuels for their energy. Those countries alone account for 59 percent of the growth in global carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Coal Will Still Be King of Carbon in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless there are unexpected changes in global climate policy over the next 25 years, coal will still be the world’s king of carbon emissions in 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal is expected to account for 38 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2040, down from 43 percent in 2012. Annual growth of coal use by that time is expected to be about 0.6 percent. In 1990, coal was responsible for 39 percent of global carbon emissions. Natural gas, by comparison, will account for 26 percent of global carbon emissions in 2040, up from 20 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China is the world’s leader in coal consumption. With \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/china-coal-use-continues-to-fall-20084\">recent announcements\u003c/a> that the country will reduce its use of coal by closing down power plants and shuttering mines, the EIA expects the country’s coal use to peak by 2025 thanks to the its economic slowdown and pledge to cut emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>India is where coal will be used the most in the coming decades as its population, expected to surpass China’s by 2022, explodes and energy demand spikes. Coal produced 72 percent of India’s electricity in 2012, and that’s expected to grow 2.6 percent annually through 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Renewables Growth Soars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind, solar, hydropower and other renewables will be the globe’s fastest-growing electricity source in 2040, growing 2.9 percent annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That growth means that by 2040, renewables, coal and natural gas will each generate about 30 percent of the world’s electricity, with nuclear power and petroleum accounting for the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, electricity generation from renewables will equal that of coal in 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a catch, though: If you ignore hydropower and look mainly at wind, solar and geothermal, those will generate only about 14 percent of the world’s electricity, up from 5 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar power will see the most growth among all the renewables, growing by 8.3 percent each year. That doesn’t add up to much power production overall, though. Solar will account for 15 percent of newly-built renewables through 2040, with hydro and wind each accounting for 33 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Electric Vehicles: Still Not a Hit in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric vehicles may seem poised to be the next big thing to take over the highways in the U.S. today, but globally through the next 25 years, they’re likely to be tiny players. So small that only 1 percent of the global transportation sector is projected to run on electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation sector of the future is likely to slurp fossil fuels in 2040. About 80 percent of all global transportation will run on gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, and 11 percent will run on natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electricity remains a minor fuel for the world’s transportation energy use, although its importance in passenger rail remains high: In 2040, electricity will account for 40 percent of total passenger rail energy consumption,” the forecast says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Paris, Technology Are Big Wild Cards\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate policies, such as the Paris Climate Agreement, and advancements in technology are major wild cards when it comes to developing computer models meant to divine how the world will actually use energy in the coming decades and what that will mean for greenhouse gas emissions, Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What actually happens in the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement will be really important,” he said. “2040 is 25 years away. There’s plenty of time for things to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology is also likely to change, and it could bring about a revolution in how the world uses energy. Advancements in battery technology could allow for the storage of more electricity more affordably, while declining costs in renewable electricity could bring major changes in transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of that is extremely difficult to model,” Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, previous forecasts missed the U.S. shale oil, gas and fracking boom that occurred over the last decade. No one guessed a decade ago that the U.S. would become the world’s chief crude oil producer as advancements in hydraulic fracturing technology flooded the U.S. market with oil and gas. That boom helped to drive down prices and encourage electric power utilities to move toward natural gas and away from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite the urgency to cut greenhouse gas emissions as climate change bears down on the globe, fossil fuel use is not likely to change much in the coming decades. Though renewable energy will grow quickly though 2040, gasoline and diesel will still move most of the world’s vehicles, and coal will still be the largest single source of carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Those are the conclusions of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/exec_summ.cfm\">a forecast\u003c/a> released by the federal government on Wednesday for how the world will use energy and what its carbon dioxide emissions will be over the next 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are five things to know about the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s World Energy Outlook 2016 and what it might mean for the climate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Carbon Emissions Will Continue Ballooning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global carbon emissions from energy consumption are expected to grow at an average rate of 1 percent per year between 2012 and 2040, growing a total 34 percent in that time as fossil fuels provide the world with more than three quarters of its energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With existing policies and regulations, worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide emissions will go from about 32 billion metric tons in 2012 to something like 43 billion metric tons out to the year 2040,” EIA administrator Adam Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed countries are expected see their carbon emissions increase about 9 percent through 2040, but in the developing world, those emissions will spike 51 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because developing countries, particularly China and India, are likely to continue to rely mainly on fossil fuels for their energy. Those countries alone account for 59 percent of the growth in global carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Coal Will Still Be King of Carbon in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless there are unexpected changes in global climate policy over the next 25 years, coal will still be the world’s king of carbon emissions in 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal is expected to account for 38 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2040, down from 43 percent in 2012. Annual growth of coal use by that time is expected to be about 0.6 percent. In 1990, coal was responsible for 39 percent of global carbon emissions. Natural gas, by comparison, will account for 26 percent of global carbon emissions in 2040, up from 20 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China is the world’s leader in coal consumption. With \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/china-coal-use-continues-to-fall-20084\">recent announcements\u003c/a> that the country will reduce its use of coal by closing down power plants and shuttering mines, the EIA expects the country’s coal use to peak by 2025 thanks to the its economic slowdown and pledge to cut emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>India is where coal will be used the most in the coming decades as its population, expected to surpass China’s by 2022, explodes and energy demand spikes. Coal produced 72 percent of India’s electricity in 2012, and that’s expected to grow 2.6 percent annually through 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Renewables Growth Soars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind, solar, hydropower and other renewables will be the globe’s fastest-growing electricity source in 2040, growing 2.9 percent annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That growth means that by 2040, renewables, coal and natural gas will each generate about 30 percent of the world’s electricity, with nuclear power and petroleum accounting for the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, electricity generation from renewables will equal that of coal in 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a catch, though: If you ignore hydropower and look mainly at wind, solar and geothermal, those will generate only about 14 percent of the world’s electricity, up from 5 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar power will see the most growth among all the renewables, growing by 8.3 percent each year. That doesn’t add up to much power production overall, though. Solar will account for 15 percent of newly-built renewables through 2040, with hydro and wind each accounting for 33 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Electric Vehicles: Still Not a Hit in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric vehicles may seem poised to be the next big thing to take over the highways in the U.S. today, but globally through the next 25 years, they’re likely to be tiny players. So small that only 1 percent of the global transportation sector is projected to run on electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation sector of the future is likely to slurp fossil fuels in 2040. About 80 percent of all global transportation will run on gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, and 11 percent will run on natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electricity remains a minor fuel for the world’s transportation energy use, although its importance in passenger rail remains high: In 2040, electricity will account for 40 percent of total passenger rail energy consumption,” the forecast says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Paris, Technology Are Big Wild Cards\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate policies, such as the Paris Climate Agreement, and advancements in technology are major wild cards when it comes to developing computer models meant to divine how the world will actually use energy in the coming decades and what that will mean for greenhouse gas emissions, Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What actually happens in the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement will be really important,” he said. “2040 is 25 years away. There’s plenty of time for things to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology is also likely to change, and it could bring about a revolution in how the world uses energy. Advancements in battery technology could allow for the storage of more electricity more affordably, while declining costs in renewable electricity could bring major changes in transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of that is extremely difficult to model,” Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, previous forecasts missed the U.S. shale oil, gas and fracking boom that occurred over the last decade. No one guessed a decade ago that the U.S. would become the world’s chief crude oil producer as advancements in hydraulic fracturing technology flooded the U.S. market with oil and gas. That boom helped to drive down prices and encourage electric power utilities to move toward natural gas and away from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bluefin Blues: Valuing a Tuna Species Before It's Too Late",
"headTitle": "Bluefin Blues: Valuing a Tuna Species Before It’s Too Late | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The chef picked up the nubby stick of fresh wasabi. Through a translator, he explained the good ones are straight and deep green in color. It was the first time I had seen it fresh. The green dab you get at most American sushi restaurants is almost always horseradish and food coloring squeezed from a tube. While that may have been my introduction to freshly harvested wasabi, it wasn’t my first time seeing something far more precious — Pacific bluefin tuna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”wQyh6ISwp8IRCZHM2KBVU3QGB5Ka5RBW”]We skipped the early-morning tuna auction on our recent breakfast tour of Tokyo’s famous Tsukiji Market, which we purchased as part of our vacation in Japan. I figured the frozen carcasses would leave me feeling gloomy. The bursting seafood mecca has plenty of other things to see and is just as chaotic as you’d expect. For just over 80 years, it’s been drawing global tourists to central Tokyo to gawk at every kind of fish imaginable: tunas, mackerels, sea urchins, sardines, eels, halibuts, octopus, oysters, even bloody hunks of iced whale meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the same market where the first bluefin tuna sale of the year has been known to go for\u003ca href=\"http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/01/07/most-expensive-fish-world\"> astronomical sums\u003c/a>. The high price is part tradition, part marketing ploy meant to grab headlines and generate a buzz for a buyer’s restaurant or shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/21/471233422/for-tokyos-famed-fish-market-a-dreaded-death-and-a-hopeful-rebirth\">Tsukiji will be moving\u003c/a> to its new home on a spot of reclaimed land on Tokyo Bay, which is why we were touring the market now — before this bubbling, vibrant version of it (perhaps like the bluefin tuna sold there) is gone forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The future for Pacific bluefin is anything but bright. Late last month, new projections from the International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-like Species in the North Pacific Ocean showed the prized fish is at\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/7662a312838540c8befed60ed699f44d/apnewsbreak-sushi-alert-grim-outlook-bluefin-tuna\"> just 2.6 percent\u003c/a> of its original levels — down 97 percent from where it once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the early 1900s, Pacific bluefin had been caught without limits,” says Jamie Gibbon, a tuna expert with Pew Charitable Trusts. “They could catch as many fish as they wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody even realized how depleted Pacific bluefin stocks had become until just four years ago, when the first public stock assessment was done. \u003ca href=\"https://mgel.env.duke.edu/people/andre-boustany/\">Andre Boustany\u003c/a>, a research scientist and bluefin expert at Duke University, says the fish simply wasn’t on anyone’s radar. He, too, was surprised to discover the stocks were in such bad shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the greatest failures in tuna science/management that Pacific bluefin tuna weren’t given a full assessment prior to 2012,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a fish beyond many Americans’ price range. An appetizer portion of bluefin tuna sells for $32 at some \u003ca href=\"http://www.noburestaurants.com/san-diego/menus/dinner/#.VzHyHBUrIWI\">high-end restaurants.\u003c/a> It’s tender, fatty and more flavorful than its yellowfin cousin. It isn’t cute or fuzzy. There are no adorable Pacific bluefin memes or clever GIFs winning the Internet. If it vanishes from the ocean, it isn’t going to interrupt most people’s weekend plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_691751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-691751\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi.jpg\" alt=\"Set up for a hands-on sushi class: wild salmon, wild flounder, prawns, Pacific bluefin tuna, sushi rice and chilled sake. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Set up for a hands-on sushi class: wild salmon, wild flounder, prawns, Pacific bluefin tuna, sushi rice and chilled sake. \u003ccite>(Clare Leschin-Hoar for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Except that this fish matters. It’s an apex predator. That means it’s at the top of the marine food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They reflect the health of the overall ecosystem,” Gibbon says, and removing it from the food web will “send ripple effects throughout the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s another important reason to care about what happens to Pacific bluefin. The organizations that manage them also manage the tunas most Americans do eat: the kind that come in a can or are found topping your favorite ahi tuna roll. Indeed, the hand-wringing has already begun\u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-12-pacific-tuna-deadlock.html\"> for bigeye tuna\u003c/a>, whose numbers are down to 16 percent of unfished levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Marvel Of Evolution\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Barely a few steps beyond the stacks of fresh wasabi, I caught sight of a bluefin tuna’s giant head: Its mouth was open, tiny teeth pointed toward a sliver of blue sky above the cramped stall. It had already been severed from its once-speedy torpedo body, itself a marvel of evolution. With quick, skillful cuts, the vendor drew a curious crowd. They leaned, pointing and commenting as he sliced the tuna’s soft blue-red flesh from its silvery gray carcass, eventually passing a tidy package to our guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had stopped to watch him work, too, not realizing a piece of the prized fish was meant for us. I cringed. As a journalist who has covered seafood extensively for years, I’m\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/06/11/412943456/why-is-this-fisherman-selling-threatened-bluefin-tuna-for-2-99-a-pound\"> keenly aware of concerns\u003c/a> over dwindling Pacific bluefin populations. It had been far more than a decade since I purposely put a piece of bluefin into my mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular fish had been plucked from the waters off of western Mexico, then air shipped to Tokyo, where I now stood watching it being sold piece by piece to eager customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a time when both Atlantic and Pacific bluefin were plentiful. I often joke that my dad traded me to my husband for a bluefin tuna. While we were still dating, my husband caught one with friends off the coast of Cape Cod and lugged several iced pounds of it in a cooler on the plane to my parents’ house in the middle of Iowa. All in the hopes of making a good impression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was long before grocery-store sushi, and he had no way of knowing that my father had traveled extensively in Japan. Pulling back the cooler’s lid, my dad had clapped his hands loudly, rubbed them together, and made a beeline for the pantry for a tube of wasabi and a new bottle of soy sauce, creating a sashimi feast for my siblings and me. Husband got the blessing he was looking for — we were married a year later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on this day, 25 years later, on the other side of the world, he and I had circled back to bluefin. Only this time, there was no joy in the tuna sashimi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After gathering the rest of our supplies — a piece of wild salmon, a live flounder, live prawns and some chilled sake — we followed the chef up a flight of tight stairs to a small, quiet kitchen. There, he taught us the proper way to clean and cut a fish, and how to press seasoned rice in our wet hands before marrying it to the fish for a breakfast of nigiri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no point protesting. The bluefin was already plated. The language barrier meant any meaningful discussion about the fish would remain unsaid. I wet my hands, coaxed the rice into its proper shape, dabbed it with freshly grated wasabi, and gently put a slice of bluefin on top. I closed my eyes, took a moment to thank this fish for its life — and swallowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’d like to think that I didn’t eat a doomed species. There’s certainly reason to be hopeful. Pacific bluefin and other tunas have something important going for them: They’re valuable. We have more than an ecological incentive to keep them swimming — we also have a financial one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a\u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2016/05/netting_billions.pdf\"> recent report\u003c/a>, Pew puts the global value of tunas at $42 billion. That’s more than the gross domestic product of at least 108 countries. As a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/faf.12163/abstract\">new report\u003c/a> by the University of Washington points out, actually enforcing established catch limits may be the fastest, most effective way to rebuild tuna stocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we allowed stocks to rebuild, we could have much higher quotas,” says Boustany. “Higher population levels would make conservationists happy. The higher quotas would make fishers happy. And the lower chance of stock collapse would make managers happy. If we allowed the stocks to recover, the fisheries could be making a lot more money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I’m hopeful Pacific bluefin will eventually recover and become plentiful again, I can’t help but wonder what my daughter’s future suitor will bring to win our favor: a flavorless tilapia raised in a mucky pond on the other side of the world, or a cooler full of prized bluefin — a fish worth celebrating on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leschin-hoar.com/\">Clare Leschin-Hoar\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a journalist based in San Diego who covers food policy and sustainability issues.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Bluefin+Blues%3A+Valuing+A+Tuna+Species+Before+It%27s+Too+Late&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Our appetite for the Pacific bluefin — prized for its tender, flavorful flesh — has reduced stocks to just 2.6 percent of original levels. The incentive to save bluefin is ecological — and financial.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The chef picked up the nubby stick of fresh wasabi. Through a translator, he explained the good ones are straight and deep green in color. It was the first time I had seen it fresh. The green dab you get at most American sushi restaurants is almost always horseradish and food coloring squeezed from a tube. While that may have been my introduction to freshly harvested wasabi, it wasn’t my first time seeing something far more precious — Pacific bluefin tuna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>We skipped the early-morning tuna auction on our recent breakfast tour of Tokyo’s famous Tsukiji Market, which we purchased as part of our vacation in Japan. I figured the frozen carcasses would leave me feeling gloomy. The bursting seafood mecca has plenty of other things to see and is just as chaotic as you’d expect. For just over 80 years, it’s been drawing global tourists to central Tokyo to gawk at every kind of fish imaginable: tunas, mackerels, sea urchins, sardines, eels, halibuts, octopus, oysters, even bloody hunks of iced whale meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the same market where the first bluefin tuna sale of the year has been known to go for\u003ca href=\"http://www.takepart.com/article/2013/01/07/most-expensive-fish-world\"> astronomical sums\u003c/a>. The high price is part tradition, part marketing ploy meant to grab headlines and generate a buzz for a buyer’s restaurant or shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/03/21/471233422/for-tokyos-famed-fish-market-a-dreaded-death-and-a-hopeful-rebirth\">Tsukiji will be moving\u003c/a> to its new home on a spot of reclaimed land on Tokyo Bay, which is why we were touring the market now — before this bubbling, vibrant version of it (perhaps like the bluefin tuna sold there) is gone forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The future for Pacific bluefin is anything but bright. Late last month, new projections from the International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-like Species in the North Pacific Ocean showed the prized fish is at\u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/7662a312838540c8befed60ed699f44d/apnewsbreak-sushi-alert-grim-outlook-bluefin-tuna\"> just 2.6 percent\u003c/a> of its original levels — down 97 percent from where it once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the early 1900s, Pacific bluefin had been caught without limits,” says Jamie Gibbon, a tuna expert with Pew Charitable Trusts. “They could catch as many fish as they wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody even realized how depleted Pacific bluefin stocks had become until just four years ago, when the first public stock assessment was done. \u003ca href=\"https://mgel.env.duke.edu/people/andre-boustany/\">Andre Boustany\u003c/a>, a research scientist and bluefin expert at Duke University, says the fish simply wasn’t on anyone’s radar. He, too, was surprised to discover the stocks were in such bad shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the greatest failures in tuna science/management that Pacific bluefin tuna weren’t given a full assessment prior to 2012,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a fish beyond many Americans’ price range. An appetizer portion of bluefin tuna sells for $32 at some \u003ca href=\"http://www.noburestaurants.com/san-diego/menus/dinner/#.VzHyHBUrIWI\">high-end restaurants.\u003c/a> It’s tender, fatty and more flavorful than its yellowfin cousin. It isn’t cute or fuzzy. There are no adorable Pacific bluefin memes or clever GIFs winning the Internet. If it vanishes from the ocean, it isn’t going to interrupt most people’s weekend plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_691751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-691751\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi.jpg\" alt=\"Set up for a hands-on sushi class: wild salmon, wild flounder, prawns, Pacific bluefin tuna, sushi rice and chilled sake. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/sushi-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Set up for a hands-on sushi class: wild salmon, wild flounder, prawns, Pacific bluefin tuna, sushi rice and chilled sake. \u003ccite>(Clare Leschin-Hoar for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Except that this fish matters. It’s an apex predator. That means it’s at the top of the marine food web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They reflect the health of the overall ecosystem,” Gibbon says, and removing it from the food web will “send ripple effects throughout the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s another important reason to care about what happens to Pacific bluefin. The organizations that manage them also manage the tunas most Americans do eat: the kind that come in a can or are found topping your favorite ahi tuna roll. Indeed, the hand-wringing has already begun\u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-12-pacific-tuna-deadlock.html\"> for bigeye tuna\u003c/a>, whose numbers are down to 16 percent of unfished levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A Marvel Of Evolution\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Barely a few steps beyond the stacks of fresh wasabi, I caught sight of a bluefin tuna’s giant head: Its mouth was open, tiny teeth pointed toward a sliver of blue sky above the cramped stall. It had already been severed from its once-speedy torpedo body, itself a marvel of evolution. With quick, skillful cuts, the vendor drew a curious crowd. They leaned, pointing and commenting as he sliced the tuna’s soft blue-red flesh from its silvery gray carcass, eventually passing a tidy package to our guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had stopped to watch him work, too, not realizing a piece of the prized fish was meant for us. I cringed. As a journalist who has covered seafood extensively for years, I’m\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/06/11/412943456/why-is-this-fisherman-selling-threatened-bluefin-tuna-for-2-99-a-pound\"> keenly aware of concerns\u003c/a> over dwindling Pacific bluefin populations. It had been far more than a decade since I purposely put a piece of bluefin into my mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular fish had been plucked from the waters off of western Mexico, then air shipped to Tokyo, where I now stood watching it being sold piece by piece to eager customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a time when both Atlantic and Pacific bluefin were plentiful. I often joke that my dad traded me to my husband for a bluefin tuna. While we were still dating, my husband caught one with friends off the coast of Cape Cod and lugged several iced pounds of it in a cooler on the plane to my parents’ house in the middle of Iowa. All in the hopes of making a good impression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was long before grocery-store sushi, and he had no way of knowing that my father had traveled extensively in Japan. Pulling back the cooler’s lid, my dad had clapped his hands loudly, rubbed them together, and made a beeline for the pantry for a tube of wasabi and a new bottle of soy sauce, creating a sashimi feast for my siblings and me. Husband got the blessing he was looking for — we were married a year later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on this day, 25 years later, on the other side of the world, he and I had circled back to bluefin. Only this time, there was no joy in the tuna sashimi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After gathering the rest of our supplies — a piece of wild salmon, a live flounder, live prawns and some chilled sake — we followed the chef up a flight of tight stairs to a small, quiet kitchen. There, he taught us the proper way to clean and cut a fish, and how to press seasoned rice in our wet hands before marrying it to the fish for a breakfast of nigiri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no point protesting. The bluefin was already plated. The language barrier meant any meaningful discussion about the fish would remain unsaid. I wet my hands, coaxed the rice into its proper shape, dabbed it with freshly grated wasabi, and gently put a slice of bluefin on top. I closed my eyes, took a moment to thank this fish for its life — and swallowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’d like to think that I didn’t eat a doomed species. There’s certainly reason to be hopeful. Pacific bluefin and other tunas have something important going for them: They’re valuable. We have more than an ecological incentive to keep them swimming — we also have a financial one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a\u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2016/05/netting_billions.pdf\"> recent report\u003c/a>, Pew puts the global value of tunas at $42 billion. That’s more than the gross domestic product of at least 108 countries. As a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/faf.12163/abstract\">new report\u003c/a> by the University of Washington points out, actually enforcing established catch limits may be the fastest, most effective way to rebuild tuna stocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we allowed stocks to rebuild, we could have much higher quotas,” says Boustany. “Higher population levels would make conservationists happy. The higher quotas would make fishers happy. And the lower chance of stock collapse would make managers happy. If we allowed the stocks to recover, the fisheries could be making a lot more money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While I’m hopeful Pacific bluefin will eventually recover and become plentiful again, I can’t help but wonder what my daughter’s future suitor will bring to win our favor: a flavorless tilapia raised in a mucky pond on the other side of the world, or a cooler full of prized bluefin — a fish worth celebrating on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.leschin-hoar.com/\">Clare Leschin-Hoar\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a journalist based in San Diego who covers food policy and sustainability issues.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Bluefin+Blues%3A+Valuing+A+Tuna+Species+Before+It%27s+Too+Late&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>NASA announced Tuesday the discovery of an unprecedented number of planets beyond our solar system — astronomers have confirmed the existence of 1,284 new worlds orbiting distant stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These planets beyond our solar system – exoplanets — were discovered with the help of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope\u003c/a>, which launched in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When NASA decided to build and launch the Kepler Space Telescope, we did not know if exoplanets — especially small, rocky exoplanets — were common or rare in the galaxy,” says \u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/about-us/organization-and-leadership/division-bios/dr-paul-hertz/\">Paul Hertz\u003c/a>, director of the Astrophysics Division at NASA Headquarters. “We now know that exoplanets are common, that most stars in our galaxy have planetary systems, and that a reasonable fraction of the stars in our galaxy have potentially habitable planets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler was designed to search for planets by staring for years at over 100,000 stars. Whenever a planet passed in front of a star and blocked some of its light, Kepler would see a telltale dimming of the starlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to make sure that dimming really \u003cem>was\u003c/em> caused by a planet, scientists would have to do follow-up observations with other telescopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The process of verifying a candidate as a true planet has traditionally involved detailed, in-depth study on a case by case basis,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/astro/people/research/\">Timothy Morton\u003c/a>, a researcher at Princeton University. Trouble is, that takes time and a lot of effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Morton developed a new, automated technique that let him quantify the probability that a Kepler signal was really a planet — without having to do those cumbersome follow-up observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he and his colleagues have \u003ca href=\"http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~tdm/koi-fpp/ms.pdf\">published evidence\u003c/a>, in the current issue of \u003cem>The Astrophysical Journal\u003c/em>, showing that a slew of Kepler’s observations have more than a 99 percent probability of being real planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the most exoplanets that have ever been announced at one time,” says Morton. And it more than doubles the number of verified planets discovered by the Kepler telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on size, nearly 550 could be rocky planets like Earth. And 9 of them orbit in their star’s “Goldilocks Zone” — the region around a star that’s not too hot or too cold for liquid water — and maybe even life. Previously, the Kepler team had only known of a dozen such planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the 1,284 newly verified planets, Morton’s analysis shows that an additional 1,327 candidates spotted by Kepler that are more likely to be planets than not — but they need more study for confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/staff/natalie-batalha\">Natalie Batalha\u003c/a>, the Kepler mission scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, says the space telescope is giving researchers a real sense of what kind of planets are out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re talking about tens of billions of potentially habitable, Earth-size planets out there in the galaxy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, NASA is planning to launch another space telescope called \u003ca href=\"http://tess.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">TESS\u003c/a>. It will be similar to Kepler but will search the entire sky to find Earth-like planets around closer, brighter stars. Astronomers should have an easier time studying those planets to learn more about what they’re like and whether they might be right for life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA+Spots+1%2C284+New+Planets%2C+Including+9+That+Are+%27Potentially+Habitable%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA announced Tuesday the discovery of an unprecedented number of planets beyond our solar system — astronomers have confirmed the existence of 1,284 new worlds orbiting distant stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These planets beyond our solar system – exoplanets — were discovered with the help of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/kepler/main/index.html\">NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope\u003c/a>, which launched in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When NASA decided to build and launch the Kepler Space Telescope, we did not know if exoplanets — especially small, rocky exoplanets — were common or rare in the galaxy,” says \u003ca href=\"http://science.nasa.gov/about-us/organization-and-leadership/division-bios/dr-paul-hertz/\">Paul Hertz\u003c/a>, director of the Astrophysics Division at NASA Headquarters. “We now know that exoplanets are common, that most stars in our galaxy have planetary systems, and that a reasonable fraction of the stars in our galaxy have potentially habitable planets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kepler was designed to search for planets by staring for years at over 100,000 stars. Whenever a planet passed in front of a star and blocked some of its light, Kepler would see a telltale dimming of the starlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to make sure that dimming really \u003cem>was\u003c/em> caused by a planet, scientists would have to do follow-up observations with other telescopes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The process of verifying a candidate as a true planet has traditionally involved detailed, in-depth study on a case by case basis,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/astro/people/research/\">Timothy Morton\u003c/a>, a researcher at Princeton University. Trouble is, that takes time and a lot of effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Morton developed a new, automated technique that let him quantify the probability that a Kepler signal was really a planet — without having to do those cumbersome follow-up observations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he and his colleagues have \u003ca href=\"http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~tdm/koi-fpp/ms.pdf\">published evidence\u003c/a>, in the current issue of \u003cem>The Astrophysical Journal\u003c/em>, showing that a slew of Kepler’s observations have more than a 99 percent probability of being real planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the most exoplanets that have ever been announced at one time,” says Morton. And it more than doubles the number of verified planets discovered by the Kepler telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on size, nearly 550 could be rocky planets like Earth. And 9 of them orbit in their star’s “Goldilocks Zone” — the region around a star that’s not too hot or too cold for liquid water — and maybe even life. Previously, the Kepler team had only known of a dozen such planets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the 1,284 newly verified planets, Morton’s analysis shows that an additional 1,327 candidates spotted by Kepler that are more likely to be planets than not — but they need more study for confirmation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://spacescience.arc.nasa.gov/staff/natalie-batalha\">Natalie Batalha\u003c/a>, the Kepler mission scientist at NASA’s Ames Research Center, says the space telescope is giving researchers a real sense of what kind of planets are out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re talking about tens of billions of potentially habitable, Earth-size planets out there in the galaxy,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, NASA is planning to launch another space telescope called \u003ca href=\"http://tess.gsfc.nasa.gov/\">TESS\u003c/a>. It will be similar to Kepler but will search the entire sky to find Earth-like planets around closer, brighter stars. Astronomers should have an easier time studying those planets to learn more about what they’re like and whether they might be right for life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA+Spots+1%2C284+New+Planets%2C+Including+9+That+Are+%27Potentially+Habitable%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California water officials say they’re moving to scrap the system of state-imposed water conservation quotas put in place during the current drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system resulted in a cumulative saving among urban consumers of about 24 percent compared to the benchmark year of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Governor Jerry Brown issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/5.9.16_Executive_Order.pdf\">executive order\u003c/a> that makes permanent some of the most basic prohibitions in place since 2014, such as the ban on hosing down sidewalks and watering lawns to the extent that it creates runoff or within 48 hours of any measurable rainfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we know that drought is becoming a regular occurrence and water conservation must be a part of our everyday life,” Brown said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule barring restaurants from serving water unsolicited is being lifted, however. Officials say that was always intended as more of an “awareness” measure than a way to achieve major water savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_687798\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-687798\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869.jpg\" alt=\"State officials are lifting the rule barring restaurants from serving water unless requested.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State officials are lifting the rule barring restaurants from serving water unless requested. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But rather than having state officials assign mandatory saving targets to local water agencies, the State Water Resources Control Board will vote next week on a plan to put conservation more firmly back in local hands. Some local water agencies had pushed back hard on the imposed-quota system, calling it unduly restrictive and tone-deaf to local conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the staff is proposing here isn’t a walk in the park,” board chair Felicia Marcus told reporters in a Monday conference call. Instead, Marcus called the new plan “much more tailored to circumstances we’re in now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those circumstances would be the much improved water conditions from a year ago, when reservoirs were scraping bottom and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/sierra-meltdown-what-snow-we-got-is-going-fast/\">Sierra snowpack\u003c/a> was at an estimated 500-year low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With conditions remaining stubbornly dry in Southern California, Mark Cowin, who heads the state’s Department of Water Resources says officials are “a long way from calling off the statewide drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why change the game plan now? Officials called the new proposal “a more nuanced approach” to keeping a lid on excess water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the staff proposal unveiled on Monday, water suppliers would set local conservation targets based on their own three-year supply projections. Those projections would be modeled on a recurrence of both the drought conditions and demand levels from 2013-14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the governor’s executive order, local agencies will still be required to report monthly water use to the state. Marcus says the state will still be empowered to step in and “second-guess” local agencies, possibly imposing restrictions on those that don’t comply with the proposed system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Monday, the California senate passed a bill from Jerry Hill (D-San Mateo) that would force water agencies to institute either surcharges or fines for excessive water use during a declared drought emergency. SB 814 now goes to the assembly.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California water officials say they’re moving to scrap the system of state-imposed water conservation quotas put in place during the current drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system resulted in a cumulative saving among urban consumers of about 24 percent compared to the benchmark year of 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Governor Jerry Brown issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/5.9.16_Executive_Order.pdf\">executive order\u003c/a> that makes permanent some of the most basic prohibitions in place since 2014, such as the ban on hosing down sidewalks and watering lawns to the extent that it creates runoff or within 48 hours of any measurable rainfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we know that drought is becoming a regular occurrence and water conservation must be a part of our everyday life,” Brown said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule barring restaurants from serving water unsolicited is being lifted, however. Officials say that was always intended as more of an “awareness” measure than a way to achieve major water savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_687798\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-687798\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869.jpg\" alt=\"State officials are lifting the rule barring restaurants from serving water unless requested.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/IMG_2869-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State officials are lifting the rule barring restaurants from serving water unless requested. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But rather than having state officials assign mandatory saving targets to local water agencies, the State Water Resources Control Board will vote next week on a plan to put conservation more firmly back in local hands. Some local water agencies had pushed back hard on the imposed-quota system, calling it unduly restrictive and tone-deaf to local conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What the staff is proposing here isn’t a walk in the park,” board chair Felicia Marcus told reporters in a Monday conference call. Instead, Marcus called the new plan “much more tailored to circumstances we’re in now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those circumstances would be the much improved water conditions from a year ago, when reservoirs were scraping bottom and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/sierra-meltdown-what-snow-we-got-is-going-fast/\">Sierra snowpack\u003c/a> was at an estimated 500-year low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With conditions remaining stubbornly dry in Southern California, Mark Cowin, who heads the state’s Department of Water Resources says officials are “a long way from calling off the statewide drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why change the game plan now? Officials called the new proposal “a more nuanced approach” to keeping a lid on excess water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the staff proposal unveiled on Monday, water suppliers would set local conservation targets based on their own three-year supply projections. Those projections would be modeled on a recurrence of both the drought conditions and demand levels from 2013-14.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the governor’s executive order, local agencies will still be required to report monthly water use to the state. Marcus says the state will still be empowered to step in and “second-guess” local agencies, possibly imposing restrictions on those that don’t comply with the proposed system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Monday, the California senate passed a bill from Jerry Hill (D-San Mateo) that would force water agencies to institute either surcharges or fines for excessive water use during a declared drought emergency. SB 814 now goes to the assembly.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Measure AA Asks Bay Area Residents to Help Protect Against Sea Level Rise",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story:\u003c/strong>\t \t \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/05/WEBMeasureAASommer160509.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea levels are expected to rise significantly by mid-century, threatening airports and major highways around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A first-of-its-kind measure on the June ballot is designed to jump-start the Bay Area’s preparation for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA would create a new property tax in the nine Bay Area counties to restore tidal marshes and help secure flood protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s only a latte a month. That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.’\u003ccite>Jon Coupal, Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Asociation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to one study, $62 billion of property around San Francisco Bay is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been parts of 101 and other roads that have been underwater in the recent past,” says Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, “and that’s only a small taste of what’s to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax would be the same for low-income families who have a small home and for tech companies with a large campus located right on the shoreline, like Google and Facebook. And that’s causing some controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Measure AA Would Do\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMeasure AA would implement a $12-a-year parcel tax, raising about half a billion dollars over 20 years. The money would go toward building up the bay’s defense against sea level rise by restoring marshes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The marshes are a great buffer because the plants in the wetlands slow down the wave action and reduce the flooding,” says David Lewis, executive director of the non-profit Save the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-lying plants in tidal marshes, such as those on the Richmond shoreline, act like sponges, Lewis says, absorbing surges from big waves and floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 80 percent of the bay’s marshes have been lost since the Gold Rush, many paved over for development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were filled in to create dumps for the cities here in the East Bay and where the population put its garbage for decades,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 30,000 acres of restoration projects around the bay are in need of funding. Lewis says Measure AA could help implement about a third of them and draw down federal grants that are awarded only when local funds are being spent as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sites at Risk From Sea Level Rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scientists say the sea level could rise up to 55 inches by 2100; new estimates coming out soon could put that number higher.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqedscience.cartodb.com/viz/76c95b64-13b9-11e6-8913-0ecfd53eb7d3/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003csup>SOURCE: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Teodros Hailye/KQED Science)\u003c/sup>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why It’s Controversial\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSupporters must convince voters who live nowhere near the shoreline that restoration has benefits for them too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very tiny tax shared by a lot of people that generates a huge amount of benefit for San Francisco Bay for people and wildlife,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only a latte a month,” says Jon Coupal, president of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association. “That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Coupal sees it, the problem with Measure AA is that everyone would pay the same no matter the size of their property or how much they would benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it is a struggling farmworker family in a very modest bungalow in Gilroy or the Apple campus there in Silicon Valley,” he says. “So obviously there are equity issues with respect to this particular proposal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waterfront views have long been a draw for many companies around the Bay Area, like Facebook. Its Menlo Park campus is surrounded by water on two sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get the beautiful view of the bay,” says Facebook’s public policy manager Juan Salazar, standing on the nine-acre green roof on top of the company’s newest building. “On a good day, you can actually see Oakland from here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_677503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-677503\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Facebook's headquarters in Menlo Park sits right on the bay waterfront.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook’s headquarters in Menlo Park sit right on the bay waterfront. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scenic location is also becoming a liability for Facebook and half a dozen other tech giants on the shore. Scientists say sea level could rise more than a foot by mid-century and up to five feet by the end of the century, depending on how climate change plays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar says Facebook is already planning for that. “The building that you’re sitting in right now, we were built above a floodplain,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Salazar says there’s more to be done both to protect businesses and the roads and freeways in the area. Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group agrees the measure is focused on airports, roads, and neighborhoods. He says tech companies will take care of protecting themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the public infrastructure that we all share in and we all have a risk associated with if it’s flooded,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coupal isn’t against bay restoration, but would rather see it paid for through the state’s general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Measure AA Is a First\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf the measure passes, it’ll be a first. Coastal cities like New Orleans have turned to federal grants to protect themselves. But raising money directly from the public for climate change could be a model for other coastal areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA will need two-thirds of all the votes cast in the nine counties around the bay to pass. Voters will decide June 7th.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sea levels are expected to rise significantly by mid-century, threatening airports and major highways around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A first-of-its-kind measure on the June ballot is designed to jump-start the Bay Area’s preparation for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA would create a new property tax in the nine Bay Area counties to restore tidal marshes and help secure flood protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s only a latte a month. That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.’\u003ccite>Jon Coupal, Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Asociation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to one study, $62 billion of property around San Francisco Bay is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been parts of 101 and other roads that have been underwater in the recent past,” says Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, “and that’s only a small taste of what’s to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax would be the same for low-income families who have a small home and for tech companies with a large campus located right on the shoreline, like Google and Facebook. And that’s causing some controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Measure AA Would Do\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMeasure AA would implement a $12-a-year parcel tax, raising about half a billion dollars over 20 years. The money would go toward building up the bay’s defense against sea level rise by restoring marshes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The marshes are a great buffer because the plants in the wetlands slow down the wave action and reduce the flooding,” says David Lewis, executive director of the non-profit Save the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-lying plants in tidal marshes, such as those on the Richmond shoreline, act like sponges, Lewis says, absorbing surges from big waves and floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 80 percent of the bay’s marshes have been lost since the Gold Rush, many paved over for development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were filled in to create dumps for the cities here in the East Bay and where the population put its garbage for decades,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 30,000 acres of restoration projects around the bay are in need of funding. Lewis says Measure AA could help implement about a third of them and draw down federal grants that are awarded only when local funds are being spent as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sites at Risk From Sea Level Rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scientists say the sea level could rise up to 55 inches by 2100; new estimates coming out soon could put that number higher.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqedscience.cartodb.com/viz/76c95b64-13b9-11e6-8913-0ecfd53eb7d3/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">\u003csup>SOURCE: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Teodros Hailye/KQED Science)\u003c/sup>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why It’s Controversial\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSupporters must convince voters who live nowhere near the shoreline that restoration has benefits for them too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very tiny tax shared by a lot of people that generates a huge amount of benefit for San Francisco Bay for people and wildlife,” says Lewis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only a latte a month,” says Jon Coupal, president of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association. “That’s the phrase that the tax-and-spend crowd really likes to use. Bet you dollars to donuts that we’re going to hear that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Coupal sees it, the problem with Measure AA is that everyone would pay the same no matter the size of their property or how much they would benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it is a struggling farmworker family in a very modest bungalow in Gilroy or the Apple campus there in Silicon Valley,” he says. “So obviously there are equity issues with respect to this particular proposal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waterfront views have long been a draw for many companies around the Bay Area, like Facebook. Its Menlo Park campus is surrounded by water on two sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get the beautiful view of the bay,” says Facebook’s public policy manager Juan Salazar, standing on the nine-acre green roof on top of the company’s newest building. “On a good day, you can actually see Oakland from here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_677503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-677503\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Facebook's headquarters in Menlo Park sits right on the bay waterfront.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Facebook-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook’s headquarters in Menlo Park sit right on the bay waterfront. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scenic location is also becoming a liability for Facebook and half a dozen other tech giants on the shore. Scientists say sea level could rise more than a foot by mid-century and up to five feet by the end of the century, depending on how climate change plays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar says Facebook is already planning for that. “The building that you’re sitting in right now, we were built above a floodplain,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Salazar says there’s more to be done both to protect businesses and the roads and freeways in the area. Mike Mielke of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group agrees the measure is focused on airports, roads, and neighborhoods. He says tech companies will take care of protecting themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the public infrastructure that we all share in and we all have a risk associated with if it’s flooded,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coupal isn’t against bay restoration, but would rather see it paid for through the state’s general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Measure AA Is a First\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIf the measure passes, it’ll be a first. Coastal cities like New Orleans have turned to federal grants to protect themselves. But raising money directly from the public for climate change could be a model for other coastal areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA will need two-thirds of all the votes cast in the nine counties around the bay to pass. Voters will decide June 7th.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Fracking Hits Milestone as Natural Gas Use Rises in U.S.",
"headTitle": "Fracking Hits Milestone as Natural Gas Use Rises in U.S. | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>More natural gas in the U.S. is coming from wells that have been hydraulically fractured than ever before, and fracking’s share of the country’s gas supply is continuing to rise, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=26112\">new data\u003c/a> from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the fracking boom in the U.S. has led to a major boost in natural gas consumption, and for the first time last year, natural gas contributed about the same level of greenhouse gas emissions as coal, the globe’s largest single source of greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty-seven percent of natural gas produced in the U.S. came from fractured wells in 2015, according to the data. That represented a total of 53 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day, up from 50 billion cubic feet in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, only 3.6 billion cubic feet of gas came from fractured wells — roughly 7 percent of total U.S. natural gas production that year. About a third of the gas produced in the U.S. is used to generate electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The natural gas and crude oil production boom over the last decade was enabled by fracking — the process of injecting large amounts of water, sand and chemicals into wells at high pressure to release crude oil and natural gas locked within solid rock, usually shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boom led to the U.S. becoming the world’s largest producer of oil and flooded the market with natural gas, driving down prices. That encouraged utilities to build more electric power plants that run on natural gas instead of coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_687259\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 550px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-687259\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking.png\" alt=\"U.S. Energy Information Administration\" width=\"550\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking.png 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking-400x209.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Energy Information Administration\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The shale gas boom is one of the main reasons that more electricity was generated with natural gas than coal for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/natural-gas-to-surpass-coal-for-electricity-20154\">first time\u003c/a> last year, and 2016 is poised to be the first full calendar year that natural gas is expected to eclipse coal as the nation’s chief source of electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though natural gas emits about half the carbon dioxide emissions as coal, EIA \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/mer.pdf\">data\u003c/a> show that carbon dioxide emissions from the two energy sources have begun to nearly match each other in the U.S. as natural gas use spikes and coal consumption falls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal consumption in the U.S. emitted about 1.5 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2015 while at the same time natural gas use emitted 1.48 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though emissions are now about the same, natural gas contains more energy and can power more homes than coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You almost get twice as much energy for the same amount of emissions,” EIA analyst Perry Lindstrom said. “For the amount of energy consumed, natural gas produces fewer CO2 emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shale gas and oil production is also susceptible to methane leaks and possible groundwater contamination, concerns that led New York state to ban fracking last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is about 86 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a climate change-driving greenhouse gas over a period of 20 years. A Harvard University \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/us-60-percent-of-global-methane-growth-20037\">study\u003c/a> published in February showed that the U.S. may be responsible for up to 60 percent of the growth in global atmospheric methane concentrations, possibly because of the nation’s shale gas boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If (methane) leak rates are any greater than tiny, there is probably not a climate benefit” to using natural gas, said Duke University atmospheric scientist \u003ca href=\"https://nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/shindell\">Drew Shindell\u003c/a>. “Fracking can be worse in some cases as sometimes small companies don’t pay much attention to leaks, but the leak issue applied to all sources, storage, and transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reining in methane leaks from oil and gas wells is a top priority of the Environmental Protection Agency, which is expected to announce a \u003ca href=\"http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060030955\">new regulation\u003c/a> aiming to control leaks from new oil and gas wells this month.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More natural gas in the U.S. is coming from wells that have been hydraulically fractured than ever before, and fracking’s share of the country’s gas supply is continuing to rise, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=26112\">new data\u003c/a> from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the fracking boom in the U.S. has led to a major boost in natural gas consumption, and for the first time last year, natural gas contributed about the same level of greenhouse gas emissions as coal, the globe’s largest single source of greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty-seven percent of natural gas produced in the U.S. came from fractured wells in 2015, according to the data. That represented a total of 53 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day, up from 50 billion cubic feet in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, only 3.6 billion cubic feet of gas came from fractured wells — roughly 7 percent of total U.S. natural gas production that year. About a third of the gas produced in the U.S. is used to generate electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The natural gas and crude oil production boom over the last decade was enabled by fracking — the process of injecting large amounts of water, sand and chemicals into wells at high pressure to release crude oil and natural gas locked within solid rock, usually shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boom led to the U.S. becoming the world’s largest producer of oil and flooded the market with natural gas, driving down prices. That encouraged utilities to build more electric power plants that run on natural gas instead of coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_687259\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 550px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-687259\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking.png\" alt=\"U.S. Energy Information Administration\" width=\"550\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking.png 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking-400x209.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Energy Information Administration\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The shale gas boom is one of the main reasons that more electricity was generated with natural gas than coal for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/natural-gas-to-surpass-coal-for-electricity-20154\">first time\u003c/a> last year, and 2016 is poised to be the first full calendar year that natural gas is expected to eclipse coal as the nation’s chief source of electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though natural gas emits about half the carbon dioxide emissions as coal, EIA \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/mer.pdf\">data\u003c/a> show that carbon dioxide emissions from the two energy sources have begun to nearly match each other in the U.S. as natural gas use spikes and coal consumption falls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal consumption in the U.S. emitted about 1.5 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2015 while at the same time natural gas use emitted 1.48 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though emissions are now about the same, natural gas contains more energy and can power more homes than coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You almost get twice as much energy for the same amount of emissions,” EIA analyst Perry Lindstrom said. “For the amount of energy consumed, natural gas produces fewer CO2 emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shale gas and oil production is also susceptible to methane leaks and possible groundwater contamination, concerns that led New York state to ban fracking last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is about 86 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a climate change-driving greenhouse gas over a period of 20 years. A Harvard University \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/us-60-percent-of-global-methane-growth-20037\">study\u003c/a> published in February showed that the U.S. may be responsible for up to 60 percent of the growth in global atmospheric methane concentrations, possibly because of the nation’s shale gas boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If (methane) leak rates are any greater than tiny, there is probably not a climate benefit” to using natural gas, said Duke University atmospheric scientist \u003ca href=\"https://nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/shindell\">Drew Shindell\u003c/a>. “Fracking can be worse in some cases as sometimes small companies don’t pay much attention to leaks, but the leak issue applied to all sources, storage, and transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reining in methane leaks from oil and gas wells is a top priority of the Environmental Protection Agency, which is expected to announce a \u003ca href=\"http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060030955\">new regulation\u003c/a> aiming to control leaks from new oil and gas wells this month.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Droves of baby starfish are returning to Oregon and Northern California’s shores after a wasting disease decimated whole populations of the creatures over the past two years along the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data collected by Oregon State University researchers shows an unprecedented number of baby starfish, or sea stars, survived the summer and winter of 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/1WR9Y4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Eureka Times Standard reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”mrf0qUMoIDoHBlRwnLgSSQC0ZPA2LJGc”]”When we looked at the settlement of the larval sea stars on rocks in 2014 during the epidemic, it was the same or maybe even a bit lower than previous years,” Oregon State University marine biology professor Bruce Menge said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But a few months later, the number of juveniles was off the charts— higher than we’d ever seen — as much as 300 times normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar increase was found at sites just north of Trinidad, California, near Patrick’s Point State Park. A baby starfish boom also was noted in the summer of 2014 near Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A virus killed millions of starfish on the Pacific Coast from Southern California to Alaska by causing them to lose their limbs and eventually disintegrate into slime and piles of tiny bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause of the massive outbreak remains unclear. Some have hypothesized it to be abnormally warm waters in the Pacific Ocean, which have wreaked havoc on marine ecosystems for the past two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt State University Marine Lab Director Brian Tissot disagrees with that hypothesis since the virus spread during colder months and didn’t expand as much during the abnormally warm 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no clear environmental cue,” Tissot said, adding the deadly wasting disease has declined in intensity but remains present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say that while it’s encouraging to see the abundance of baby starfish, the disease, competition and environmental factors make their survival difficult.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Droves of baby starfish are returning to Oregon and Northern California’s shores after a wasting disease decimated whole populations of the creatures over the past two years along the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data collected by Oregon State University researchers shows an unprecedented number of baby starfish, or sea stars, survived the summer and winter of 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/1WR9Y4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Eureka Times Standard reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”When we looked at the settlement of the larval sea stars on rocks in 2014 during the epidemic, it was the same or maybe even a bit lower than previous years,” Oregon State University marine biology professor Bruce Menge said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But a few months later, the number of juveniles was off the charts— higher than we’d ever seen — as much as 300 times normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar increase was found at sites just north of Trinidad, California, near Patrick’s Point State Park. A baby starfish boom also was noted in the summer of 2014 near Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A virus killed millions of starfish on the Pacific Coast from Southern California to Alaska by causing them to lose their limbs and eventually disintegrate into slime and piles of tiny bones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause of the massive outbreak remains unclear. Some have hypothesized it to be abnormally warm waters in the Pacific Ocean, which have wreaked havoc on marine ecosystems for the past two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt State University Marine Lab Director Brian Tissot disagrees with that hypothesis since the virus spread during colder months and didn’t expand as much during the abnormally warm 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no clear environmental cue,” Tissot said, adding the deadly wasting disease has declined in intensity but remains present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say that while it’s encouraging to see the abundance of baby starfish, the disease, competition and environmental factors make their survival difficult.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "What if You Could Put Your Pregnancy on Hold? These Animals Can.",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rose, an Oakland resident, will celebrate her first Mother’s Day this weekend. She’ll probably start with breakfast and a morning swim. She’ll dunk her babies underwater and wrestle them for awhile, then perhaps an afternoon nap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose, a river otter at the Oakland Zoo, gave birth to three fuzzy pups in January. Her mother, Ginger, welcomed her fourth litter of pups in December. The proud father of both, resident Oakland Zoo stud Wyatt, completes the river otter family exhibit at the Wayne and Gladys Valley Children’s Zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As your own mother can attest (and maybe she’s reminded you on a few occasions) babies are demanding little miracles. Newborns are nearly helpless and need constant attention. River otters are no different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They literally can’t do much besides find the teet and nurse,” says Margaret Rousser, zoological manager at the Oakland Zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose doesn’t have to worry about predators, but wild river otters are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/11/river-otters-stage-a-comeback-in-bay-area\">making a comeback\u003c/a> in the Bay Area, and wild otter moms have a lot to worry about. Raccoons and dogs can dig up their natal dens. And a mom needs to be sure she can get food and keep her pups warm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to give their young ones the best chance at survival, river otters and other mammals have evolved a way to time their pregnancies so babies come when the habitat has ample resources for the new family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_681281\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-681281\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Newborn river otters at the Oakland Zoo get weekly checkups the staff calls 'pupdates\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--768x480.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--1440x900.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--1920x1200.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newborn river otters at the Oakland Zoo get weekly checkups the staff calls “pupdates.” \u003ccite>(Reuben Maness/Oakland Zoo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pregnancy’s Pause Button\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some mammal mothers can press the pause button on an embryo’s development—it’s a process called delayed implantation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the choice human females can make to use birth control or freeze eggs to time a pregnancy, delayed implantation is unconscious. The animal mamma’s body responds to environmental cues that tell her the habitat will support her young ones. A physiological call to action: It’s go time!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delayed implantation has some obvious benefits. Babies literally suck up tons of energy by breastfeeding. Waiting until conditions are ripe gives the baby and the mother a better chance at survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It helps mate selection, too. Some animals are alone most of the year; a female can go long stretches without seeing a desirable male. Delayed implantation allows her to mate when she finds a good one, and then hold onto the embryo, perhaps for months, until the timing is right for birth. If only humans were so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Is Delayed Implantation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose’s and Ginger’s pregnancies began just like your own mother’s did. The male’s sperm fused with their eggs to form a single-celled zygote. The zygote divided into a bundle of cells called a blastocyst. Here’s where human and otters diverge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this stage, otter development just stops. In river otters, the blastocyst can hang out in the uterus for seven to 10 months until just the right time… BOOM. An environmental signal triggers a spike in hormones that jolts the embryo back into action to implant into the uterine wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose and Ginger both mated with Wyatt last spring. About 9 months later, the handlers noticed Rose acting strange. In the wild, female otters only tolerate males during mating season. At the zoo, Wyatt, Rose and Ginger are the best of buddies but during pregnancy, instinct kicks in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rose started being cranky with Wyatt,” says Rousser. “She didn’t want anything to do with him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoo staff, ready to monitor Rose’s pregnancy, wanted to be sure her embryo had actually implanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they shipped Rose’s frozen poop to Cincinnati.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reading Hormones in Otter Poop\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re Helen Bateman’s mail carrier, you really hope those packages are frozen, because you’re delivering a lot of poop to her lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every winter, zoos from all over the country send frozen otter feces to Bateman — she’s a research associate at the Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife at the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden. Bateman ‘reads’ the poop for a spike in progesterone, the hormone that tells her when implantation occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a lot of carnivores, it’s in the poop,” she says, adding that it’s difficult to get urine samples from water-loving otters. “They’re not so good at peeing on cue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateman gives the zoos a 10-day window for the birth. River otters are predictable— they give birth 63 to 74 days after implantation.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//giphy.com/embed/DwnjlKzICUYtG\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"giphy-embed\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>A Scientific Mystery\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delayed implantation pops up across the mammal spectrum, including in species of marsupials, rodents, and mustelids, like river otters. But we still don’t know exactly how it works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of what we do know is from experiments on the mink, courtesy of the fur coat industry, Bateman says. These experiments show that seasonal light cues trigger implantation. This makes sense—at high latitudes, longer days signal the passing of winter. As the snow melts, a mink mother has access to the nutrition she needs to grow a healthy pup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day length also seems to be a trigger for polar bears. For some bats and seals, rainfall and temperature seem to be other factors in implantation. There’s also a genetic component. Probably, it’s a mix of all of these.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For endangered species populations researchers are trying to breed in captivity such as polar bears and giant pandas, delayed implantation makes the process complicated, Bateman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points out that scientists can’t manipulate endangered species to test what works best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists think that the widespread existence of delayed implantation in mammals is evidence that a common ancestor of all mammals was probably a delayed implanter. As evolutionary branches diverged over millions of years, groups dropped the trait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So actually, humans might be the strange ones. Our ancestor lost the ability long ago.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rose, an Oakland resident, will celebrate her first Mother’s Day this weekend. She’ll probably start with breakfast and a morning swim. She’ll dunk her babies underwater and wrestle them for awhile, then perhaps an afternoon nap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose, a river otter at the Oakland Zoo, gave birth to three fuzzy pups in January. Her mother, Ginger, welcomed her fourth litter of pups in December. The proud father of both, resident Oakland Zoo stud Wyatt, completes the river otter family exhibit at the Wayne and Gladys Valley Children’s Zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As your own mother can attest (and maybe she’s reminded you on a few occasions) babies are demanding little miracles. Newborns are nearly helpless and need constant attention. River otters are no different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They literally can’t do much besides find the teet and nurse,” says Margaret Rousser, zoological manager at the Oakland Zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose doesn’t have to worry about predators, but wild river otters are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/11/river-otters-stage-a-comeback-in-bay-area\">making a comeback\u003c/a> in the Bay Area, and wild otter moms have a lot to worry about. Raccoons and dogs can dig up their natal dens. And a mom needs to be sure she can get food and keep her pups warm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to give their young ones the best chance at survival, river otters and other mammals have evolved a way to time their pregnancies so babies come when the habitat has ample resources for the new family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_681281\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-681281\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--800x500.jpg\" alt=\"Newborn river otters at the Oakland Zoo get weekly checkups the staff calls 'pupdates\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--768x480.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--1440x900.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--1920x1200.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/Newborn-river-otter--960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Newborn river otters at the Oakland Zoo get weekly checkups the staff calls “pupdates.” \u003ccite>(Reuben Maness/Oakland Zoo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pregnancy’s Pause Button\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some mammal mothers can press the pause button on an embryo’s development—it’s a process called delayed implantation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the choice human females can make to use birth control or freeze eggs to time a pregnancy, delayed implantation is unconscious. The animal mamma’s body responds to environmental cues that tell her the habitat will support her young ones. A physiological call to action: It’s go time!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delayed implantation has some obvious benefits. Babies literally suck up tons of energy by breastfeeding. Waiting until conditions are ripe gives the baby and the mother a better chance at survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It helps mate selection, too. Some animals are alone most of the year; a female can go long stretches without seeing a desirable male. Delayed implantation allows her to mate when she finds a good one, and then hold onto the embryo, perhaps for months, until the timing is right for birth. If only humans were so lucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Is Delayed Implantation?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose’s and Ginger’s pregnancies began just like your own mother’s did. The male’s sperm fused with their eggs to form a single-celled zygote. The zygote divided into a bundle of cells called a blastocyst. Here’s where human and otters diverge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this stage, otter development just stops. In river otters, the blastocyst can hang out in the uterus for seven to 10 months until just the right time… BOOM. An environmental signal triggers a spike in hormones that jolts the embryo back into action to implant into the uterine wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose and Ginger both mated with Wyatt last spring. About 9 months later, the handlers noticed Rose acting strange. In the wild, female otters only tolerate males during mating season. At the zoo, Wyatt, Rose and Ginger are the best of buddies but during pregnancy, instinct kicks in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rose started being cranky with Wyatt,” says Rousser. “She didn’t want anything to do with him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoo staff, ready to monitor Rose’s pregnancy, wanted to be sure her embryo had actually implanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they shipped Rose’s frozen poop to Cincinnati.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reading Hormones in Otter Poop\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re Helen Bateman’s mail carrier, you really hope those packages are frozen, because you’re delivering a lot of poop to her lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every winter, zoos from all over the country send frozen otter feces to Bateman — she’s a research associate at the Center for Conservation and Research of Endangered Wildlife at the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden. Bateman ‘reads’ the poop for a spike in progesterone, the hormone that tells her when implantation occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a lot of carnivores, it’s in the poop,” she says, adding that it’s difficult to get urine samples from water-loving otters. “They’re not so good at peeing on cue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateman gives the zoos a 10-day window for the birth. River otters are predictable— they give birth 63 to 74 days after implantation.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//giphy.com/embed/DwnjlKzICUYtG\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"giphy-embed\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>A Scientific Mystery\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delayed implantation pops up across the mammal spectrum, including in species of marsupials, rodents, and mustelids, like river otters. But we still don’t know exactly how it works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of what we do know is from experiments on the mink, courtesy of the fur coat industry, Bateman says. These experiments show that seasonal light cues trigger implantation. This makes sense—at high latitudes, longer days signal the passing of winter. As the snow melts, a mink mother has access to the nutrition she needs to grow a healthy pup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day length also seems to be a trigger for polar bears. For some bats and seals, rainfall and temperature seem to be other factors in implantation. There’s also a genetic component. Probably, it’s a mix of all of these.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For endangered species populations researchers are trying to breed in captivity such as polar bears and giant pandas, delayed implantation makes the process complicated, Bateman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points out that scientists can’t manipulate endangered species to test what works best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists think that the widespread existence of delayed implantation in mammals is evidence that a common ancestor of all mammals was probably a delayed implanter. As evolutionary branches diverged over millions of years, groups dropped the trait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So actually, humans might be the strange ones. Our ancestor lost the ability long ago.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Interactive: Sierra Snowpack Highs and Lows Over 13 Years",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada snowpack is a classic example of what scientists call “high inter-annual variability.” Translation: whatever’s happening this year, don’t count on it next year — or ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the whipsaw nature of things, it could reasonably be considered a dicey proposition that California depends on the snowpack for about a third of its water supply. With the climate changing, it’s becoming even dicier. Scientists expect the snowpack to dwindle in coming decades, but within that general decline, higher highs and lower lows are likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can’t get much lower than the winter of 2014-15, the nadir of California’s current drought. On May 1, 2015, water content of the Sierra snowpack stood at 1 percent of the long-term average — virtually nil. Using tree ring evidence, scientists estimated that to be the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/california-snowpack-lowest-in-past-500-years-1.18345\">skimpiest snowpack in 500 years\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/sierra-meltdown-what-snow-we-got-is-going-fast/\">This spring’s snowpack\u003c/a>, while considerably more robust, was still below average. The official stance is that California remains in drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the interactive tools below to trace the highs and lows of the snowpack over time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://vis.ecowest.org/interactive/snow.php#s=CA&h=1\" width=\"1500\" height=\"550\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"min-width: 100%; width: 100px; height: 100vh; border: 0;\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Visualization by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mcgeoff\">Geoff McGhee\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/davidkroodsma\">David Kroodsma\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/enoex\">Erik Hazzard\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mitchtobin\">Mitch Tobin\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"http://ecowest.org/\">EcoWest\u003c/a>, a collaboration of The \u003ca href=\"http://west.stanford.edu/\">Bill Lane Center\u003c/a> for the American West at Stanford University and \u003ca href=\"http://seatosnow.com/\">Sea to Snow\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada snowpack is a classic example of what scientists call “high inter-annual variability.” Translation: whatever’s happening this year, don’t count on it next year — or ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the whipsaw nature of things, it could reasonably be considered a dicey proposition that California depends on the snowpack for about a third of its water supply. With the climate changing, it’s becoming even dicier. Scientists expect the snowpack to dwindle in coming decades, but within that general decline, higher highs and lower lows are likely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can’t get much lower than the winter of 2014-15, the nadir of California’s current drought. On May 1, 2015, water content of the Sierra snowpack stood at 1 percent of the long-term average — virtually nil. Using tree ring evidence, scientists estimated that to be the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/california-snowpack-lowest-in-past-500-years-1.18345\">skimpiest snowpack in 500 years\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/sierra-meltdown-what-snow-we-got-is-going-fast/\">This spring’s snowpack\u003c/a>, while considerably more robust, was still below average. The official stance is that California remains in drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Use the interactive tools below to trace the highs and lows of the snowpack over time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://vis.ecowest.org/interactive/snow.php#s=CA&h=1\" width=\"1500\" height=\"550\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"min-width: 100%; width: 100px; height: 100vh; border: 0;\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Visualization by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mcgeoff\">Geoff McGhee\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/davidkroodsma\">David Kroodsma\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/enoex\">Erik Hazzard\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/mitchtobin\">Mitch Tobin\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"http://ecowest.org/\">EcoWest\u003c/a>, a collaboration of The \u003ca href=\"http://west.stanford.edu/\">Bill Lane Center\u003c/a> for the American West at Stanford University and \u003ca href=\"http://seatosnow.com/\">Sea to Snow\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"id": "here-and-now",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
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