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"title": "The Lonely Call of the Last San Francisco Quail",
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"content": "\u003cp>On a wet August morning Alan Hopkins walks briskly around the dirt pathways of Golden Gate Park. This is where, a few months before, he last heard the sound: a resonant “cow‐cow‐cow,” the call of a lone male California quail looking for a female mate he will probably never find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopkins, an artist and former Golden Gate Audubon Society president, has a pair of binoculars around his neck as he circles the handball courts. He stops talking every few sentences to crane his neck and listen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The way populations become extinct is when we say, ‘Oh they’re not in trouble’… It’s a slippery slope that comes from not being responsible as humans.’\u003ccite>Cindy Margulis,\u003cbr>\nGolden Gate Audubon Society\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m sure it’s just sitting in a bush somewhere going, ‘I’m lonely,’” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopkins is in search of a quail named Ishi, believed to be the city’s last survivor of its species. This iconic creature, with the stature of a small chicken and the bravado of a peacock, is the state bird of California and the official bird of the city and county of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, thousands of quail strutted around dusty clearings in the Presidio and Golden Gate Park. But despite a grassroots effort in the 1990s and 2000s to save San Francisco’s quail, they disappeared from the Presidio in 2008. In Golden Gate Park, birders like Hopkins \u003ca href=\"http://ebird.org/ebird/map/calqua?bmo=1&emo=12&byr=1900&eyr=2017&env.minX=-%20123.014&env.minY=37.695&env.maxX=-122.357&env.maxY=37.832&gp=true%5D\">have occasionally sighted \u003c/a>this one lonely bird, stubbornly staked out in the bushes next to the handball courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current executive director of the Golden Gate Audubon Society, Cindy Margulis, says the disappearance of the city’s quail is a cautionary tale about the delicate balance between native species and urban development that all too often ends in local extinctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco is a remarkable city,” she says. “But we also have people who didn’t understand what wildlife needs are these days and the pressure on the wild places that do exist in the city. People need to learn what it takes in order to keep wildlife in our city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1916480\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/mullaney-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A male quail thought to be Ishi seen foraging in the Botanical Gardens in July, 2017 \u003ccite>(Susan Mullaney)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Abundance to Near-Extinction\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a species, the California quail is not in trouble. Its preferred coastal scrub is ubiquitous up and down the coast and it’s known to be fairly tolerant of human activity and development. When San Francisco sprang up around the native quail population, the birds found refuge in green spaces such as Presidio and Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 1902, ornithologist Florence Merriam Bailey wrote of the abundant quail in the park: “From the benches one can watch the squads of plump hen‐like creatures as they move about with stately tread or stand talking sociably in low monosyllables.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the city grew through the 20th century, quail habitat underwent dramatic changes that threatened the quails’ very survival. There was an influx of non‐native predators, like feral and domestic cats, and a decline in of top‐of‐the‐food‐chain predators, such as coyotes, that had kept the birds’ main threats in control. Invasive grasses took over their preferred food sources of seed‐producing plants. Their favored bare ground clearings with nearby brushy cover were either paved or taken over by nonnative vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way populations become extinct is when we say, ‘Oh they’re not in trouble,’” says Margulis. “That’s how they end up in danger and extirpated from parts of their range. It’s a slippery slope that comes from not being responsible as humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[contextly_sidebar id=”uP1i3z9en3NE1FHK0QWDX3psM1aIq9Gv”]\u003c/strong>In the ‘90s, quail numbers in the Presidio hovered between 20 and 30. By 2003 it was down to just a couple. The Golden Gate Park population was suffering a similar decline. Tracking surveys show that in the late 2000’s show that two Presidio quail made their way down to Golden Gate Park and mated with the last female there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, park officials turned the last known Presidio quail—named Fajita—over to the San Francisco Zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Failed Rescue, and New Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noting the quail’s steady decline, Hopkins and a group of concerned birders from the Golden Gate Audubon Society mobilized a grassroots campaign called Save the Quail in the mid‐ 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They lobbied the city’s Board of Supervisors for protections, helped replant the quail’s favorite vegetation, conducted breeding population surveys, and pushed for pet owners to spay and neuter cats to quell the feral cat population that some believed was key to the birds’ disappearance. In 2000, supervisors declared quail the official bird of the city and county.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Biodiversity is what maintains checks and balances. Every organism has a function in the ecosystem. Quail are part of that.’\u003ccite>Jonathan Young, Presidio Wildlife Biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, it didn’t do much good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife biologist Jonathan Young says we may never understand it completely, but it was likely a combination of things that caused quail to all but disappear: a dangerously small population, habitat change and nest predation pressures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopkins agrees that maybe it was just too late. “When the population’s already declining, then it’s sort of like you’re adding water to the ocean,” he says about their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Hopkins and other bird lovers haven’t given up. They’ve found a spark of hope in the Presidio, where a plan to reintroduce quail is under discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Presidio became a National Park in 1992, restoration efforts are turning the area wild once again, bringing back habitat that makes species’ reintroductions possible. Three years ago, the park appointed Young as its first wildlife biologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916632\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1916632\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Presidio wildlife biologist Jonathan Young.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He thinks the time is ripe for a new effort to bring quail back to the city, though reintroductions in urban ecosystems are rare, usually done with plants and invertebrates. So far, the Presidio has reintroduced the three‐spined stickleback fish, the Pacific chorus frog and the variable checkerspot butterfly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young acknowledges that a quail reintroduction would require a measured approach that would likely span many years. But he believes that this time around the quail’s predators will be kept in check by the return of coyotes to the city—a reopening of the quail niche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biodiversity is what maintains checks and balances,” he says. “Every organism has a function in the ecosystem. Quail are part of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And more than that, Young says, quail are beloved. “It’s a beautiful bird, so charismatic, and they have that classic sound. And everyone loves to see them in their little covey with their babies following them around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there may not be coveys scurrying around anymore, take a walk by the handball courts sometime and maybe you’ll hear a lonely call from what many hope won’t be the last quail in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a wet August morning Alan Hopkins walks briskly around the dirt pathways of Golden Gate Park. This is where, a few months before, he last heard the sound: a resonant “cow‐cow‐cow,” the call of a lone male California quail looking for a female mate he will probably never find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopkins, an artist and former Golden Gate Audubon Society president, has a pair of binoculars around his neck as he circles the handball courts. He stops talking every few sentences to crane his neck and listen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The way populations become extinct is when we say, ‘Oh they’re not in trouble’… It’s a slippery slope that comes from not being responsible as humans.’\u003ccite>Cindy Margulis,\u003cbr>\nGolden Gate Audubon Society\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m sure it’s just sitting in a bush somewhere going, ‘I’m lonely,’” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopkins is in search of a quail named Ishi, believed to be the city’s last survivor of its species. This iconic creature, with the stature of a small chicken and the bravado of a peacock, is the state bird of California and the official bird of the city and county of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A century ago, thousands of quail strutted around dusty clearings in the Presidio and Golden Gate Park. But despite a grassroots effort in the 1990s and 2000s to save San Francisco’s quail, they disappeared from the Presidio in 2008. In Golden Gate Park, birders like Hopkins \u003ca href=\"http://ebird.org/ebird/map/calqua?bmo=1&emo=12&byr=1900&eyr=2017&env.minX=-%20123.014&env.minY=37.695&env.maxX=-122.357&env.maxY=37.832&gp=true%5D\">have occasionally sighted \u003c/a>this one lonely bird, stubbornly staked out in the bushes next to the handball courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current executive director of the Golden Gate Audubon Society, Cindy Margulis, says the disappearance of the city’s quail is a cautionary tale about the delicate balance between native species and urban development that all too often ends in local extinctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco is a remarkable city,” she says. “But we also have people who didn’t understand what wildlife needs are these days and the pressure on the wild places that do exist in the city. People need to learn what it takes in order to keep wildlife in our city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916480\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1916480\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/mullaney-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A male quail thought to be Ishi seen foraging in the Botanical Gardens in July, 2017 \u003ccite>(Susan Mullaney)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Abundance to Near-Extinction\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a species, the California quail is not in trouble. Its preferred coastal scrub is ubiquitous up and down the coast and it’s known to be fairly tolerant of human activity and development. When San Francisco sprang up around the native quail population, the birds found refuge in green spaces such as Presidio and Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 1902, ornithologist Florence Merriam Bailey wrote of the abundant quail in the park: “From the benches one can watch the squads of plump hen‐like creatures as they move about with stately tread or stand talking sociably in low monosyllables.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the city grew through the 20th century, quail habitat underwent dramatic changes that threatened the quails’ very survival. There was an influx of non‐native predators, like feral and domestic cats, and a decline in of top‐of‐the‐food‐chain predators, such as coyotes, that had kept the birds’ main threats in control. Invasive grasses took over their preferred food sources of seed‐producing plants. Their favored bare ground clearings with nearby brushy cover were either paved or taken over by nonnative vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way populations become extinct is when we say, ‘Oh they’re not in trouble,’” says Margulis. “That’s how they end up in danger and extirpated from parts of their range. It’s a slippery slope that comes from not being responsible as humans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/strong>In the ‘90s, quail numbers in the Presidio hovered between 20 and 30. By 2003 it was down to just a couple. The Golden Gate Park population was suffering a similar decline. Tracking surveys show that in the late 2000’s show that two Presidio quail made their way down to Golden Gate Park and mated with the last female there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, park officials turned the last known Presidio quail—named Fajita—over to the San Francisco Zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Failed Rescue, and New Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noting the quail’s steady decline, Hopkins and a group of concerned birders from the Golden Gate Audubon Society mobilized a grassroots campaign called Save the Quail in the mid‐ 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They lobbied the city’s Board of Supervisors for protections, helped replant the quail’s favorite vegetation, conducted breeding population surveys, and pushed for pet owners to spay and neuter cats to quell the feral cat population that some believed was key to the birds’ disappearance. In 2000, supervisors declared quail the official bird of the city and county.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Biodiversity is what maintains checks and balances. Every organism has a function in the ecosystem. Quail are part of that.’\u003ccite>Jonathan Young, Presidio Wildlife Biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, it didn’t do much good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife biologist Jonathan Young says we may never understand it completely, but it was likely a combination of things that caused quail to all but disappear: a dangerously small population, habitat change and nest predation pressures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopkins agrees that maybe it was just too late. “When the population’s already declining, then it’s sort of like you’re adding water to the ocean,” he says about their efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Hopkins and other bird lovers haven’t given up. They’ve found a spark of hope in the Presidio, where a plan to reintroduce quail is under discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Presidio became a National Park in 1992, restoration efforts are turning the area wild once again, bringing back habitat that makes species’ reintroductions possible. Three years ago, the park appointed Young as its first wildlife biologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916632\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1916632\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Hopkins-e1507943197694.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Presidio wildlife biologist Jonathan Young.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He thinks the time is ripe for a new effort to bring quail back to the city, though reintroductions in urban ecosystems are rare, usually done with plants and invertebrates. So far, the Presidio has reintroduced the three‐spined stickleback fish, the Pacific chorus frog and the variable checkerspot butterfly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young acknowledges that a quail reintroduction would require a measured approach that would likely span many years. But he believes that this time around the quail’s predators will be kept in check by the return of coyotes to the city—a reopening of the quail niche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biodiversity is what maintains checks and balances,” he says. “Every organism has a function in the ecosystem. Quail are part of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And more than that, Young says, quail are beloved. “It’s a beautiful bird, so charismatic, and they have that classic sound. And everyone loves to see them in their little covey with their babies following them around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there may not be coveys scurrying around anymore, take a walk by the handball courts sometime and maybe you’ll hear a lonely call from what many hope won’t be the last quail in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he Trump administration said Wednesday that it will not support a \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiawaterfix.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">massive water project \u003c/a>proposed by California, the latest and most serious blow for Gov. Jerry Brown’s plan to re-engineer the state’s water system by building two giant water tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Trump administration did not fund the project and chose to not move forward with it,” Russell Newell, spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Interior Department\u003c/a>, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if that meant the Trump administration did not support California’s tunnels project, Newell said yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown wants California water districts to pay $16 billion to build two, 35-mile-long tunnels to divert part of the state’s largest river, the Sacramento, to supply water to the San Francisco Bay Area and central and Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”sZa4XUgyGRj2hhtexGAL1AqXRkzwVdlZ”]The Obama administration backed the project, but the tunnels plan ran into its biggest obstacles yet last month, when\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/10/23/uncertain-future-for-17-billion-delta-tunnels-project-after-water-districts-pull-support/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> two key water districts \u003c/a>opted not to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Donald Trump had called for water projects to bring more water to farmers in California, the country’s leading agricultural state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has not previously taken a stand on the tunnels project pushed by California’s Democratic governor, though federal wildlife agencies gave their green light in June by finding that the plan would not mean extinction for endangered and threatened native species of salmon and other fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the tunnels plan is a state initiative, it intersects with existing state and federal water projects in California, and would require approval from the Interior Department to go ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newell made his comments in response to a request by California Democratic members of Congress on Tuesday for a new federal probe of previous Interior Department spending on the tunnels project under the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, an audit found that Interior officials under the Obama administration improperly spent $84 million in federal taxpayer money to help California pay for planning for the tunnels. On Tuesday, five California Democrats, including top opponents of the tunnels, asked the U.S. General Accountability Office to determine whether those payments were illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The $84 million spent in taxpayers’ money without disclosure to Congress and kept hidden from the public were decisions driven and executed by the Obama Administration and that team,” Newell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke “believes that using tax dollars wisely and ethically is a big responsibility and is at the heart of good government.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he Trump administration said Wednesday that it will not support a \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiawaterfix.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">massive water project \u003c/a>proposed by California, the latest and most serious blow for Gov. Jerry Brown’s plan to re-engineer the state’s water system by building two giant water tunnels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Trump administration did not fund the project and chose to not move forward with it,” Russell Newell, spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Interior Department\u003c/a>, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if that meant the Trump administration did not support California’s tunnels project, Newell said yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown wants California water districts to pay $16 billion to build two, 35-mile-long tunnels to divert part of the state’s largest river, the Sacramento, to supply water to the San Francisco Bay Area and central and Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The Obama administration backed the project, but the tunnels plan ran into its biggest obstacles yet last month, when\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/10/23/uncertain-future-for-17-billion-delta-tunnels-project-after-water-districts-pull-support/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> two key water districts \u003c/a>opted not to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Donald Trump had called for water projects to bring more water to farmers in California, the country’s leading agricultural state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has not previously taken a stand on the tunnels project pushed by California’s Democratic governor, though federal wildlife agencies gave their green light in June by finding that the plan would not mean extinction for endangered and threatened native species of salmon and other fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the tunnels plan is a state initiative, it intersects with existing state and federal water projects in California, and would require approval from the Interior Department to go ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newell made his comments in response to a request by California Democratic members of Congress on Tuesday for a new federal probe of previous Interior Department spending on the tunnels project under the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, an audit found that Interior officials under the Obama administration improperly spent $84 million in federal taxpayer money to help California pay for planning for the tunnels. On Tuesday, five California Democrats, including top opponents of the tunnels, asked the U.S. General Accountability Office to determine whether those payments were illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The $84 million spent in taxpayers’ money without disclosure to Congress and kept hidden from the public were decisions driven and executed by the Obama Administration and that team,” Newell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke “believes that using tax dollars wisely and ethically is a big responsibility and is at the heart of good government.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "National Park Service Proposes Yosemite Entry Fee Hike: $70 Per Car",
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"content": "\u003cp>The National Park Service is floating a steep increase in entrance fees at 17 of its most popular parks, mostly in the West, to address a backlog of maintenance and infrastructure projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors to the Grand Canyon, Yosemite, Yellowstone, Zion, Joshua Tree, Kings Canyon and other national parks would be charged $70 per vehicle, up from the current fee of $30 for a weekly pass. At others, the hike is nearly triple, from $25 to $70.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 30-day public comment period opened Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke says the entrance fee increases will help restore and renovate the park units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to have a vision to look at the future of our parks and take action in order to ensure that our grandkids’ grandkids will have the same if not better experience than we have today,” he said in a statement. “Shoring up our parks’ aging infrastructure will do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal comes not long after many of the parks that charge entrance fees upped them. The rationale is the same this time around — to address a backlog of maintenance and infrastructure projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service estimated deferred maintenance across its sites at $11.3 billion as of September 2016, down from $11.9 billion in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service says it expects to raise $70 million a year with the latest proposal at a time when national parks repeatedly have been breaking visitation records and putting a strain on park resources. Nearly 6 million people visited the Grand Canyon last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The higher fees would apply during the five busiest, contiguous months. For most, that means May through September when many families are on vacation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Dahl, Arizona senior program manager for the National Parks Conservation Association, said maintenance costs should fall to Congress, not visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve supported increases at the parks, they are a huge value for the price of entrance,” he said. “But we want to look closely at this and we want local communities to look closely at this to see if it would impact visitation because we don’t want to price people out of the parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all Park Service sites charge entrance fees. The 118 that do keep 80 percent of revenue and send 20 percent into a pot to help all park units with things like fixing restrooms, signs, trails and campgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entrance fee proposal applies to Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands and Zion in Utah; Yosemite, Sequoia, Kings Canyon and Joshua Tree in California; Grand Teton and Yellowstone in Wyoming; Mount Rainier and Olympic in Washington; Shenandoah in Virginia; Acadia in Maine; Rocky Mountain in Colorado; and the Grand Canyon in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fees also would go up for pedestrians and motorcyclists. Annual passes for federal lands would be unchanged at $80.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"NPSNewsRelease\">\u003cem>\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">A public comment period on the peak-season entrance fee proposal is open from October 24, 2017 to November 23, 2017, on the NPS Planning, Environment and Public Comment (PEPC) website \u003c/span>\u003ca id=\"anch_11\" href=\"https://parkplanning.nps.gov/proposedpeakseasonfeerates\">https://parkplanning.nps.gov/proposedpeakseasonfeerates\u003c/a>\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">. Written comments can be sent to 1849 C Street, NW, Mail Stop: 2346 Washington, DC 20240.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The National Park Service is floating a steep increase in entrance fees at 17 of its most popular parks, mostly in the West, to address a backlog of maintenance and infrastructure projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors to the Grand Canyon, Yosemite, Yellowstone, Zion, Joshua Tree, Kings Canyon and other national parks would be charged $70 per vehicle, up from the current fee of $30 for a weekly pass. At others, the hike is nearly triple, from $25 to $70.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 30-day public comment period opened Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke says the entrance fee increases will help restore and renovate the park units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to have a vision to look at the future of our parks and take action in order to ensure that our grandkids’ grandkids will have the same if not better experience than we have today,” he said in a statement. “Shoring up our parks’ aging infrastructure will do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal comes not long after many of the parks that charge entrance fees upped them. The rationale is the same this time around — to address a backlog of maintenance and infrastructure projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service estimated deferred maintenance across its sites at $11.3 billion as of September 2016, down from $11.9 billion in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service says it expects to raise $70 million a year with the latest proposal at a time when national parks repeatedly have been breaking visitation records and putting a strain on park resources. Nearly 6 million people visited the Grand Canyon last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The higher fees would apply during the five busiest, contiguous months. For most, that means May through September when many families are on vacation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Dahl, Arizona senior program manager for the National Parks Conservation Association, said maintenance costs should fall to Congress, not visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve supported increases at the parks, they are a huge value for the price of entrance,” he said. “But we want to look closely at this and we want local communities to look closely at this to see if it would impact visitation because we don’t want to price people out of the parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all Park Service sites charge entrance fees. The 118 that do keep 80 percent of revenue and send 20 percent into a pot to help all park units with things like fixing restrooms, signs, trails and campgrounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entrance fee proposal applies to Arches, Bryce Canyon, Canyonlands and Zion in Utah; Yosemite, Sequoia, Kings Canyon and Joshua Tree in California; Grand Teton and Yellowstone in Wyoming; Mount Rainier and Olympic in Washington; Shenandoah in Virginia; Acadia in Maine; Rocky Mountain in Colorado; and the Grand Canyon in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fees also would go up for pedestrians and motorcyclists. Annual passes for federal lands would be unchanged at $80.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"NPSNewsRelease\">\u003cem>\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">A public comment period on the peak-season entrance fee proposal is open from October 24, 2017 to November 23, 2017, on the NPS Planning, Environment and Public Comment (PEPC) website \u003c/span>\u003ca id=\"anch_11\" href=\"https://parkplanning.nps.gov/proposedpeakseasonfeerates\">https://parkplanning.nps.gov/proposedpeakseasonfeerates\u003c/a>\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">. Written comments can be sent to 1849 C Street, NW, Mail Stop: 2346 Washington, DC 20240.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[audio src=https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/10/FIrefightersFreeMassages.mp3 program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Healers Offer Firefighters Free Massage and Acupuncture. And They're Loving It\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4233.jpeg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteer response to the wildfires in Sonoma County has a distinctly California flavor. Thousands of alternative-medicine practitioners like naturopaths, chiropractors — even aroma-therapists are donating treatment to anyone affected by the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions happened at dozens of pop-up spas in parking lots, relief centers and emergency shelters during the brunt of the disaster. There are still about a half a dozen open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one Red Cross shelter on the Sonoma County fairgrounds, a young man lays down on the gym floor with a blue towel under his head. Amidst a cacophony of evacuees calling friends and family, a sound healer kneeling on a silk Asian blanket begins ringing quartz bowls arranged in a semi-circle. The therapy is intended to calm the patient’s frazzled nerves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917108\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917108 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4253-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tuning forks radiate the sound from quartz bowls to help calm the nervous system. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Outside under a red and white striped plastic tent, a group of firefighters and national guardsmen wait patiently on folding metal chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamie Sheppard, a Truckee-based firefighter is next in line. He’s beat after shouldering a 60-pound back for grueling 24-hour shifts over the past 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My neck hurts, my back hurts, my left shoulder hurts,” says Sheppard. “And breathing in a lot of smoke of course, the lungs hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He climbs up on a massage table and a therapist gently places her hands on his temples. After twenty minutes of gentle massage and Reiki, a Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation, Sheppard slowly rises to stand up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917109 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4228-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter Jamie Sheppard receives energy work, or Reiki, after numerous long shifts on the front lines of the North Bay fires. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I feel much, much more relaxed,” said Sheppard. “Looser and nimble.” This is his second massage in a week. He says it doesn’t just help his body. “It also just kind of helps you unwind and power down and get ready for the next day.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just the firefighters who are working long hours. Dan Cortright is a volunteer who has offered massages for about ten hours each day for six days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweat drips down Cortright’s forehead as he digs his elbow into the back of a burly national guard soldier. Cortright says he’s volunteering to show his gratitude to the emergency responders. “It’s the least I can do to pay them back for all they’ve done to save our town, our whole community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few blocks away stacks of donated boxes of herbs and healing remedies are arriving from all over the country to \u003ca href=\"http://farmacopia.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Farmacopia\u003c/a>, an alternative healing clinic in Santa Rosa. Lily Mazarella, the owner, says she can’t keep up with all the shipments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve gotten everything from organic mushroom powder for the immune system to homemade \u003ca href=\"https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-959-osha.aspx?activeingredientid=959&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">osha syrup\u003c/a> for respiratory distress to to big bottles of sleep syrup,” said Mazarella. She gave a lot away last week at another pop-up clinic nestled beneath huge trees, Alliance Redwoods Conference Grounds, about thirty minutes east of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helicopters circled above Alliance’s blue basketball court that was lined with massage tables until Sunday. A few hundred firefighters stayed at this facility between shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers handed out “Manzanita Magic” – a folk remedy for poison oak. A white plastic table was lined with tinctures and syrups for respiratory support, stress, sleep and immune support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some firefighters sniffed essential oils like eucalyptus to soothe their smoke-filled lungs. Or drank throat comfort tea to ease raspy coughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917134 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-160x106.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-375x249.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-520x346.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters inhale the smell of eucalyptus oil to soothe dry smoke-filled lungs. \u003ccite>(Misha Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jen Riegle helped to coordinate shifts at more than two dozen shelters throughout Sonoma County. She’s a \u003ca href=\"https://nccih.nih.gov/health/naturopathy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">naturopathic doctor\u003c/a> in Santa Rosa. Riegle says she’s truly touched by the feedback she’s received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been so many soldiers and firemen and evacuees who have told us that they’ve never, ever received this kind of work before!” Riegle exclaims.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/696852613840190/?multi_permalinks=701379526720832¬if_id=1508569523334276¬if_t=group_highlights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">page\u003c/a> about the volunteer effort now has more than 2,000 members, and a \u003ca href=\"https://integrativehealersactionnetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> to keep the momentum going recently went live. Riegle hopes the outpouring of support can become a model that’s easily replicated when disaster strikes another community.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteer response to the wildfires in Sonoma County has a distinctly California flavor. Thousands of alternative-medicine practitioners like naturopaths, chiropractors — even aroma-therapists are donating treatment to anyone affected by the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions happened at dozens of pop-up spas in parking lots, relief centers and emergency shelters during the brunt of the disaster. There are still about a half a dozen open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one Red Cross shelter on the Sonoma County fairgrounds, a young man lays down on the gym floor with a blue towel under his head. Amidst a cacophony of evacuees calling friends and family, a sound healer kneeling on a silk Asian blanket begins ringing quartz bowls arranged in a semi-circle. The therapy is intended to calm the patient’s frazzled nerves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917108\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917108 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4253-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tuning forks radiate the sound from quartz bowls to help calm the nervous system. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Outside under a red and white striped plastic tent, a group of firefighters and national guardsmen wait patiently on folding metal chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamie Sheppard, a Truckee-based firefighter is next in line. He’s beat after shouldering a 60-pound back for grueling 24-hour shifts over the past 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My neck hurts, my back hurts, my left shoulder hurts,” says Sheppard. “And breathing in a lot of smoke of course, the lungs hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He climbs up on a massage table and a therapist gently places her hands on his temples. After twenty minutes of gentle massage and Reiki, a Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation, Sheppard slowly rises to stand up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917109 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4228-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter Jamie Sheppard receives energy work, or Reiki, after numerous long shifts on the front lines of the North Bay fires. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I feel much, much more relaxed,” said Sheppard. “Looser and nimble.” This is his second massage in a week. He says it doesn’t just help his body. “It also just kind of helps you unwind and power down and get ready for the next day.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just the firefighters who are working long hours. Dan Cortright is a volunteer who has offered massages for about ten hours each day for six days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweat drips down Cortright’s forehead as he digs his elbow into the back of a burly national guard soldier. Cortright says he’s volunteering to show his gratitude to the emergency responders. “It’s the least I can do to pay them back for all they’ve done to save our town, our whole community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few blocks away stacks of donated boxes of herbs and healing remedies are arriving from all over the country to \u003ca href=\"http://farmacopia.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Farmacopia\u003c/a>, an alternative healing clinic in Santa Rosa. Lily Mazarella, the owner, says she can’t keep up with all the shipments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve gotten everything from organic mushroom powder for the immune system to homemade \u003ca href=\"https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-959-osha.aspx?activeingredientid=959&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">osha syrup\u003c/a> for respiratory distress to to big bottles of sleep syrup,” said Mazarella. She gave a lot away last week at another pop-up clinic nestled beneath huge trees, Alliance Redwoods Conference Grounds, about thirty minutes east of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helicopters circled above Alliance’s blue basketball court that was lined with massage tables until Sunday. A few hundred firefighters stayed at this facility between shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers handed out “Manzanita Magic” – a folk remedy for poison oak. A white plastic table was lined with tinctures and syrups for respiratory support, stress, sleep and immune support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some firefighters sniffed essential oils like eucalyptus to soothe their smoke-filled lungs. Or drank throat comfort tea to ease raspy coughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917134 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-160x106.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-375x249.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-520x346.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters inhale the smell of eucalyptus oil to soothe dry smoke-filled lungs. \u003ccite>(Misha Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jen Riegle helped to coordinate shifts at more than two dozen shelters throughout Sonoma County. She’s a \u003ca href=\"https://nccih.nih.gov/health/naturopathy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">naturopathic doctor\u003c/a> in Santa Rosa. Riegle says she’s truly touched by the feedback she’s received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been so many soldiers and firemen and evacuees who have told us that they’ve never, ever received this kind of work before!” Riegle exclaims.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/696852613840190/?multi_permalinks=701379526720832¬if_id=1508569523334276¬if_t=group_highlights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">page\u003c/a> about the volunteer effort now has more than 2,000 members, and a \u003ca href=\"https://integrativehealersactionnetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> to keep the momentum going recently went live. Riegle hopes the outpouring of support can become a model that’s easily replicated when disaster strikes another community.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Wine Country Fires Were Fanned by 'Unprecedented' Winds",
"headTitle": "Wine Country Fires Were Fanned by ‘Unprecedented’ Winds | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Checking the data coming in from weather stations near where wildfires exploded across the North Bay, Cliff Mass watched in astonishment from his office in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wind speeds were unprecedented,” recalls Mass, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington. “That’s what got my attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting on a ridge above Napa Valley on the evening of Sunday, Oct. 8 the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/20/california-fires-cause-1b-in-damage-burn-6900-buildings/\">historic fires\u003c/a> quickly hopscotched their way west, ultimately scorching more than 200,000 acres, including nearly a third of Sonoma Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass says one gust on a mountain peak near Geyserville clocked in at 96 mph — another at 108. At times — after the fires had broken out — sustained winds at some higher elevations were at hurricane force.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.’\u003ccite>Cliff Mass, U.of Washington\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We had wind speeds that were higher than ever recorded at those stations,” says Mass. “And that’s irrespective of season — including the middle of the winter when we have big storms coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass writes in detail about the unusual winds in his widely-read \u003ca href=\"https://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2017/10/the-real-story-behind-california.html\">weather and climate blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started with warm, dry northeasterly winds, known as Diablos, typical for this time of year. Wind is created when air is pulled from an area of high pressure to low pressure. The bigger the difference, the more powerful the pull. When winds descend down mountains, they pick up speed…and heat, and usually trigger red-flag warnings [for fire potential].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But then something happened locally, ” notes Mass. There followed what he calls “Diablo-plus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strong winds coming in against the mountains accelerated further,” he explains. “It was an interaction between the winds and the mountains. You not only had the largest-scale Diablo wind but the winds further accelerated as they interacted with the mountains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pbsP3NZ_MQ&w=640&h=360]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Video recorded on the night the fires broke out shows how embers were whipped in all directions. (KITN)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one reason so many were caught off guard. Kat Krause lost her home in Glen Ellen in a matter of minutes. She was still gathering things for a possible evacuation when she recalls hearing her husband, who was watching the hillside above their home yell, “Get out now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917092\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917092 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All at once while I was watching, that hill, from top to bottom and side to side, was spontaneously combusting into red, rapid lava-like fire which was moving toward us” Krause recalls.”From the time he yelled, “Now,” to the time I saw that hill explode in flames was no time at all — it wasn’t even seconds. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mass describes it, “This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The force behind this is what meteorologists call a mountain wave or downslope wind storm, this one complicated by the terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a tremendous amt of variability of the winds, recalls Mass. “We had these localized areas, near the crest and downstream and down the slopes a bit on some of these mountains, where the winds accelerated to unprecedented speeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are you getting standard accelerated wind or Diablo wind, you’re also getting fire-induced winds around the fire front,” describes Craig Clements, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\">Fire Weather Laboratory\u003c/a> at San Jose State University. “You’re getting all sorts of squirrely wind circulations around the fire,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week he dispatched the lab’s mobile unit to Santa Rosa, shooting Lidar beams into the smoke. Lidar is like the Doppler radar used by local weathercasters, but uses light beams instead of radio waves to study the dynamics in and around the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In classic large wildfires, a towering smoke plume often rises, spewing firebrands from the top, transported by upper-level winds sometimes miles. But these fires were different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened here, you had embers blowing in the near-surface winds into housing communities, and then one house would ignite, and then the next house would ignite, so it was unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tragic result was a number of lost properties more than double that of the Oakland Hills firestorm in 1991, which had held the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this was just everything coming together in the wrong way,” reflects Mass, “and gave us an unprecedented catastrophic event. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Checking the data coming in from weather stations near where wildfires exploded across the North Bay, Cliff Mass watched in astonishment from his office in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wind speeds were unprecedented,” recalls Mass, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington. “That’s what got my attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting on a ridge above Napa Valley on the evening of Sunday, Oct. 8 the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/20/california-fires-cause-1b-in-damage-burn-6900-buildings/\">historic fires\u003c/a> quickly hopscotched their way west, ultimately scorching more than 200,000 acres, including nearly a third of Sonoma Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass says one gust on a mountain peak near Geyserville clocked in at 96 mph — another at 108. At times — after the fires had broken out — sustained winds at some higher elevations were at hurricane force.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.’\u003ccite>Cliff Mass, U.of Washington\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We had wind speeds that were higher than ever recorded at those stations,” says Mass. “And that’s irrespective of season — including the middle of the winter when we have big storms coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass writes in detail about the unusual winds in his widely-read \u003ca href=\"https://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2017/10/the-real-story-behind-california.html\">weather and climate blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started with warm, dry northeasterly winds, known as Diablos, typical for this time of year. Wind is created when air is pulled from an area of high pressure to low pressure. The bigger the difference, the more powerful the pull. When winds descend down mountains, they pick up speed…and heat, and usually trigger red-flag warnings [for fire potential].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But then something happened locally, ” notes Mass. There followed what he calls “Diablo-plus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strong winds coming in against the mountains accelerated further,” he explains. “It was an interaction between the winds and the mountains. You not only had the largest-scale Diablo wind but the winds further accelerated as they interacted with the mountains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/0pbsP3NZ_MQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/0pbsP3NZ_MQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Video recorded on the night the fires broke out shows how embers were whipped in all directions. (KITN)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one reason so many were caught off guard. Kat Krause lost her home in Glen Ellen in a matter of minutes. She was still gathering things for a possible evacuation when she recalls hearing her husband, who was watching the hillside above their home yell, “Get out now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917092\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917092 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All at once while I was watching, that hill, from top to bottom and side to side, was spontaneously combusting into red, rapid lava-like fire which was moving toward us” Krause recalls.”From the time he yelled, “Now,” to the time I saw that hill explode in flames was no time at all — it wasn’t even seconds. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mass describes it, “This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The force behind this is what meteorologists call a mountain wave or downslope wind storm, this one complicated by the terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a tremendous amt of variability of the winds, recalls Mass. “We had these localized areas, near the crest and downstream and down the slopes a bit on some of these mountains, where the winds accelerated to unprecedented speeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are you getting standard accelerated wind or Diablo wind, you’re also getting fire-induced winds around the fire front,” describes Craig Clements, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\">Fire Weather Laboratory\u003c/a> at San Jose State University. “You’re getting all sorts of squirrely wind circulations around the fire,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week he dispatched the lab’s mobile unit to Santa Rosa, shooting Lidar beams into the smoke. Lidar is like the Doppler radar used by local weathercasters, but uses light beams instead of radio waves to study the dynamics in and around the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In classic large wildfires, a towering smoke plume often rises, spewing firebrands from the top, transported by upper-level winds sometimes miles. But these fires were different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened here, you had embers blowing in the near-surface winds into housing communities, and then one house would ignite, and then the next house would ignite, so it was unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tragic result was a number of lost properties more than double that of the Oakland Hills firestorm in 1991, which had held the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this was just everything coming together in the wrong way,” reflects Mass, “and gave us an unprecedented catastrophic event. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Just Became First State to Ban 'Puppy Mill' Sales",
"headTitle": "California Just Became First State to Ban ‘Puppy Mill’ Sales | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A radical change is coming to California’s pet industry. On Friday\u003cem>, \u003c/em>the state became the first requiring pet stores to sell animals from shelter and rescue centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 485\u003c/a>, which says dogs, cats and rabbits sold in California can’t come from large commercial breeding facilities. These operations, dubbed “puppy mills” and “kitten factories,” are often unsafe and inhumane, according to activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Puppy mill” owners over-breed females in order to provide a steady and inexpensive supply of puppies to pet stores, says Brandy Kuentzel from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a>. Diseases, mass breeding and inbreeding that lead to genetic defects and behavioral problems are also common.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Many California pet stores sell animals from out-of-state “puppy mills,” which are targeted under the new law.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Though California has fewer ‘puppy mills’ than other states, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a> Senior Director of State Legislation Susan Riggs, store owners still buy puppy mills from other states. Puppy mill pets raised in the Midwest often end up in California, Riggs says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepuppymillproject.org/about-puppy-mills/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puppy Mill Project\u003c/a>, a non-profit animal rights group, says more than two\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>million puppies are bred in mills each year. Most pet store puppies come from puppy mills and pet stores are the main point of sale for puppy mills, helping the operations stay in business, according to the Puppy Mill Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riggs says the new law will stop the flow of out-of-state pets into California outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Research and investigations time and time again have demonstrated that the source of those animals are from out-of-state puppy mill breeders,” says Riggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just dogs and cats that will benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916929\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916929 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"474\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg 576w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-160x193.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-240x290.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-375x452.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-520x627.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco SPCA volunteer Kat Soong walks a pit bull mix around the Mission neighborhood. \u003ccite>(SF SPCA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a super game changer for the rabbit industry,” says Kuentzel. “They’re animals that are often over-looked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuentzel says customers buy the pets without knowing how to care for them or how much they’ll cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So a lot of people decide they don’t want them and they end up in shelters; it can be really hard to re-home them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jade Lehmkuhl has bunnies at her Sacramento store, \u003ca href=\"http://www.incredpets.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incredible Pets\u003c/a>. She’ll have to stop selling them, but says she doesn’t mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the big picture, it ’s the right thing to do,” says Lehmkuhl. “There are too many homeless rabbits, there are too many homeless animals in general for people to just be going out and buying baby animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the law went into place, 36 jurisdictions including San Francisco banned the sale of animals from “puppy mills.” The legislation expands the rule statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill opponents, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.akc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Kennel Club\u003c/a>, say the ban will reduce access to new pets from professionally licensed breeders. But the ban only applies to stores. Individuals will still be able to buy direct from breeders or buy pets online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law takes effect in 2019 and violators will receive a $500 fine.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A radical change is coming to California’s pet industry. On Friday\u003cem>, \u003c/em>the state became the first requiring pet stores to sell animals from shelter and rescue centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 485\u003c/a>, which says dogs, cats and rabbits sold in California can’t come from large commercial breeding facilities. These operations, dubbed “puppy mills” and “kitten factories,” are often unsafe and inhumane, according to activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Puppy mill” owners over-breed females in order to provide a steady and inexpensive supply of puppies to pet stores, says Brandy Kuentzel from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a>. Diseases, mass breeding and inbreeding that lead to genetic defects and behavioral problems are also common.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Many California pet stores sell animals from out-of-state “puppy mills,” which are targeted under the new law.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Though California has fewer ‘puppy mills’ than other states, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a> Senior Director of State Legislation Susan Riggs, store owners still buy puppy mills from other states. Puppy mill pets raised in the Midwest often end up in California, Riggs says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepuppymillproject.org/about-puppy-mills/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puppy Mill Project\u003c/a>, a non-profit animal rights group, says more than two\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>million puppies are bred in mills each year. Most pet store puppies come from puppy mills and pet stores are the main point of sale for puppy mills, helping the operations stay in business, according to the Puppy Mill Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riggs says the new law will stop the flow of out-of-state pets into California outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Research and investigations time and time again have demonstrated that the source of those animals are from out-of-state puppy mill breeders,” says Riggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just dogs and cats that will benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916929\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916929 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"474\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg 576w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-160x193.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-240x290.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-375x452.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-520x627.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco SPCA volunteer Kat Soong walks a pit bull mix around the Mission neighborhood. \u003ccite>(SF SPCA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a super game changer for the rabbit industry,” says Kuentzel. “They’re animals that are often over-looked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuentzel says customers buy the pets without knowing how to care for them or how much they’ll cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So a lot of people decide they don’t want them and they end up in shelters; it can be really hard to re-home them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jade Lehmkuhl has bunnies at her Sacramento store, \u003ca href=\"http://www.incredpets.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incredible Pets\u003c/a>. She’ll have to stop selling them, but says she doesn’t mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the big picture, it ’s the right thing to do,” says Lehmkuhl. “There are too many homeless rabbits, there are too many homeless animals in general for people to just be going out and buying baby animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the law went into place, 36 jurisdictions including San Francisco banned the sale of animals from “puppy mills.” The legislation expands the rule statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill opponents, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.akc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Kennel Club\u003c/a>, say the ban will reduce access to new pets from professionally licensed breeders. But the ban only applies to stores. Individuals will still be able to buy direct from breeders or buy pets online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law takes effect in 2019 and violators will receive a $500 fine.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>October is often a deadly wildfire month in California. In fact, 26 years ago today the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/lessons-from-the-east-bay-hills-fire-25-years-later/\">Oakland Hills Fire\u003c/a> ignited. The flames eventually killed 25 people. This year’s death toll is 42 for the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environment this time of year offers the perfect conditions for giant blazes to decimate the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mediterranean Climate\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians often don’t see a drop of rain all summer. Eventually there’s a cost to all those bluebird days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By October California has dried out,” said University of California, Berkeley fire expert \u003ca href=\"https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/people/william-stewart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Stewart\u003c/a>. “So every hillside is basically fuel waiting to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Of the 10 \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/Top20_Deadliest.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deadliest fires\u003c/a> in California, 8 happened in October or November.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Golden grasses and crispy shrubs become perfect kindling. Though Stewart didn’t expect Sonoma County to be the next hot spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Totally unexpected! said Stewart. “I mean if I was going to ask where do I think a fire will burn down into a community, it would not have been the north eastern corner of Santa Rosa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ferocious flames were surprising because they started at night when it was relatively cool, and the brush in the area was less dense than what would typically trigger a catastrophic fire, like 1991’s East Bay tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Oakland Hills had a lot of fuel,” said Stewart. “They had forests with eucalyptus trees. They had big shrub fields. These all kind of burned according to fuel models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the Oakland fires burned \u003cem>as expected\u003c/em> on a sizzling day. This year’s fires surprised even the best experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Howling Winds\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the transition into winter we tend to get high pressure systems that set up generally north and east of us over northern Nevada,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.met.sjsu.edu/faculty/bridger.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alison Bridger\u003c/a>, a meteorologist from San Jose State University. “And those generate offshore winds blowing from inland out to the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the northern half of the state the autumn winds are often called Diablos named after the Diablo Range, in the East Bay. In Southern California they’re called the Santa Ana winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These hot dry winds often gather force by funneling down canyons, “And that certainly helps to form almost like a jet in the wind,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters said embers could have flown more than a mile last week when flames were clocking 230 feet per second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Normal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridger expects massive wildfires like the Napa and Sonoma blazes to become more of the norm. Climate change is leading to rising temperatures, shorter snow seasons, longer droughts and more bark beetle infestations. This does not bode well for urban areas that are creeping closer to forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you put all of that together I have no doubt that more and more acres are going to get burned,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, October’s fiery reputation could continue. Another heat wave is in the forecast next week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>October is often a deadly wildfire month in California. In fact, 26 years ago today the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/lessons-from-the-east-bay-hills-fire-25-years-later/\">Oakland Hills Fire\u003c/a> ignited. The flames eventually killed 25 people. This year’s death toll is 42 for the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environment this time of year offers the perfect conditions for giant blazes to decimate the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mediterranean Climate\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians often don’t see a drop of rain all summer. Eventually there’s a cost to all those bluebird days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By October California has dried out,” said University of California, Berkeley fire expert \u003ca href=\"https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/people/william-stewart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Stewart\u003c/a>. “So every hillside is basically fuel waiting to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Of the 10 \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/Top20_Deadliest.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deadliest fires\u003c/a> in California, 8 happened in October or November.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Golden grasses and crispy shrubs become perfect kindling. Though Stewart didn’t expect Sonoma County to be the next hot spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Totally unexpected! said Stewart. “I mean if I was going to ask where do I think a fire will burn down into a community, it would not have been the north eastern corner of Santa Rosa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ferocious flames were surprising because they started at night when it was relatively cool, and the brush in the area was less dense than what would typically trigger a catastrophic fire, like 1991’s East Bay tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Oakland Hills had a lot of fuel,” said Stewart. “They had forests with eucalyptus trees. They had big shrub fields. These all kind of burned according to fuel models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the Oakland fires burned \u003cem>as expected\u003c/em> on a sizzling day. This year’s fires surprised even the best experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Howling Winds\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the transition into winter we tend to get high pressure systems that set up generally north and east of us over northern Nevada,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.met.sjsu.edu/faculty/bridger.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alison Bridger\u003c/a>, a meteorologist from San Jose State University. “And those generate offshore winds blowing from inland out to the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the northern half of the state the autumn winds are often called Diablos named after the Diablo Range, in the East Bay. In Southern California they’re called the Santa Ana winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These hot dry winds often gather force by funneling down canyons, “And that certainly helps to form almost like a jet in the wind,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters said embers could have flown more than a mile last week when flames were clocking 230 feet per second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Normal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridger expects massive wildfires like the Napa and Sonoma blazes to become more of the norm. Climate change is leading to rising temperatures, shorter snow seasons, longer droughts and more bark beetle infestations. This does not bode well for urban areas that are creeping closer to forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you put all of that together I have no doubt that more and more acres are going to get burned,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, October’s fiery reputation could continue. Another heat wave is in the forecast next week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Now We Know: That Ring on Your Finger Has Cosmic Origins",
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"content": "\u003cp>Far, far away, 130 million years ago, in a galaxy nestled in the Hydra constellation, a violent explosion of two collapsed stars merging into one sent a burst of gamma rays searing across the cosmos and sent shockwaves through the fabric of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has also sent shockwaves of excitement through the field of astrophysics, demonstrating a new way to study the heavens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This detection has genuinely opened the doors to a new way of doing astrophysics. I expect it will be remembered as one of the most studied astrophysical events in history.’\u003ccite>Laura Cadonati, spokesperson for LIGO\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It took until August 17 for these signals to reach Earth, where, at 8:41 a.m. Eastern time, a team of gravitational wave astronomers observed them with the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/tag/ligo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LIGO and Virgo detectors\u003c/a>. Less than two seconds later, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fermi Space Telescope\u003c/a> observed a quick flash of gamma radiation, long theorized to be associated with merging neutron stars. The LIGO and Virgo team was able to pinpoint where the signals were coming from and put dozens of observatories around the globe on alert to look for signals of cosmic upheaval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office at University of California, Santa Cruz, postdoctoral researcher Charles Kilpatrick was the first to locate it. Scanning images from his team’s telescope in Chile, he saw — beside a galaxy known as NGC 4993 — a tiny dot that had not been there before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kilpatrick will enter the history books as the first known human to see photons from a neutron star collision. Speaking to the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-california-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California Report’s\u003c/a> John Sepulvado, Kilpatrick says it looked like any other star at first. Further analysis revealed it was kind of blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If something is blue, it’s really hot,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spectacular heat seen from these kinds of collisions create conditions for a kind of “cosmic forge” which have profoundly influenced the chemistry and evolution of the universe. It’s been long believed that collisions between neutron stars are the primary sources of heavy elements, such as gold, silver and platinum. But prior to this event, no neutron star collision had been observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-iaviqwMfJ0?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine this the next time you offer a loved one a ring, necklace or bracelet made from a precious metal — you are offering them the offspring of the union between two really dense dead stars. And just as gold and platinum are incredibly rare, so are these events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This detection has genuinely opened the doors to a new way of doing astrophysics. I expect it will be remembered as one of the most studied astrophysical events in history,” said Laura Cadonati, professor of physics at Georgia Tech and deputy spokesperson for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?org=NSF&cntn_id=243382&preview=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to this collision, astronomers have observed distant cosmic events through just a single channel of information: gamma ray bursts, or radio signals, for example. The inclusion of gravitational waves (a new technique) and direct telescope observation (an old one) is like having several messengers tell you about the same thing. David Reitze, executive director of the LIGO observatory compares it to movies making the leap from silent films to ‘talkies’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the fifth source of gravitational waves to be detected — the first one was discovered in September 2015, for which three founding members of the LIGO collaboration were \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/10/03/nobel-prize-winners-detected-ripples-in-fabric-of-universe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">awarded the Nobel prize in physics\u003c/a> two weeks ago.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Far, far away, 130 million years ago, in a galaxy nestled in the Hydra constellation, a violent explosion of two collapsed stars merging into one sent a burst of gamma rays searing across the cosmos and sent shockwaves through the fabric of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has also sent shockwaves of excitement through the field of astrophysics, demonstrating a new way to study the heavens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This detection has genuinely opened the doors to a new way of doing astrophysics. I expect it will be remembered as one of the most studied astrophysical events in history.’\u003ccite>Laura Cadonati, spokesperson for LIGO\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It took until August 17 for these signals to reach Earth, where, at 8:41 a.m. Eastern time, a team of gravitational wave astronomers observed them with the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/tag/ligo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LIGO and Virgo detectors\u003c/a>. Less than two seconds later, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fermi Space Telescope\u003c/a> observed a quick flash of gamma radiation, long theorized to be associated with merging neutron stars. The LIGO and Virgo team was able to pinpoint where the signals were coming from and put dozens of observatories around the globe on alert to look for signals of cosmic upheaval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office at University of California, Santa Cruz, postdoctoral researcher Charles Kilpatrick was the first to locate it. Scanning images from his team’s telescope in Chile, he saw — beside a galaxy known as NGC 4993 — a tiny dot that had not been there before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kilpatrick will enter the history books as the first known human to see photons from a neutron star collision. Speaking to the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-california-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California Report’s\u003c/a> John Sepulvado, Kilpatrick says it looked like any other star at first. Further analysis revealed it was kind of blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If something is blue, it’s really hot,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spectacular heat seen from these kinds of collisions create conditions for a kind of “cosmic forge” which have profoundly influenced the chemistry and evolution of the universe. It’s been long believed that collisions between neutron stars are the primary sources of heavy elements, such as gold, silver and platinum. But prior to this event, no neutron star collision had been observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-iaviqwMfJ0?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine this the next time you offer a loved one a ring, necklace or bracelet made from a precious metal — you are offering them the offspring of the union between two really dense dead stars. And just as gold and platinum are incredibly rare, so are these events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This detection has genuinely opened the doors to a new way of doing astrophysics. I expect it will be remembered as one of the most studied astrophysical events in history,” said Laura Cadonati, professor of physics at Georgia Tech and deputy spokesperson for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?org=NSF&cntn_id=243382&preview=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to this collision, astronomers have observed distant cosmic events through just a single channel of information: gamma ray bursts, or radio signals, for example. The inclusion of gravitational waves (a new technique) and direct telescope observation (an old one) is like having several messengers tell you about the same thing. David Reitze, executive director of the LIGO observatory compares it to movies making the leap from silent films to ‘talkies’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the fifth source of gravitational waves to be detected — the first one was discovered in September 2015, for which three founding members of the LIGO collaboration were \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/10/03/nobel-prize-winners-detected-ripples-in-fabric-of-universe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">awarded the Nobel prize in physics\u003c/a> two weeks ago.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "You Asked, We Answer: What Does It Mean When a Fire Is Contained?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">O\u003c/span>nce a fire spews forth the goal is suppression, and the first step is containment. But what does containment mean and why is it so hard to achieve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Containment means that there’s some type of barrier between the area that has been burned, which we call ‘the black’ and an area that has not been burned which we refer to as ‘the green,'” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cal Fire\u003c/a> public information officer Jaime Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Contained’ means there’s a barrier along the fire’s perimeter. ‘Controlled’ means the barrier is expected to hold.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>There are two types of barriers—natural and artificial. A stream or lake can act as a natural barrier. An artificial barrier is often a dirt path dug around the fire. Firefighters will use a bulldozer to create what is called a “dozer line,” or manually carve out a path using picks and shovels, which is called a “hand line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They basically scrape the top layer of the grass off to leave bare mineral soil,” says Williams. “That way the fire stops because there’s nothing to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or firefighters will employ a “hose lay,” where they’ll carry a synthetic hose around the fire, periodically spraying the area inside “the black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”bDY3Zkny9FC39pDdbSmKpbN6btWJUuW8″]Many of the wildfires burning in Northern California are now partially contained. Of the two largest fires burning in Sonoma and Napa, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> is 56 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “percent contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean the fire won’t spread beyond the containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg 2404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-768x451.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1020x599.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1920x1128.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1180x693.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-960x564.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-375x220.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-520x305.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2404px) 100vw, 2404px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003ccite>(Delaware.gov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Generally we know that fires spread with the wind,” says Craig Clements, who oversees the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fire Weather Research Laboratory\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose State University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds Sunday night when the fires first spread were historic—up to 75 miles an hour in some areas. When the winds pickup, they can cause “spot fires” where an ember flies up and starts another new fire nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s so dangerous about spot fires is that the embers can be transported miles downwind from the main fire front,” says Clements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50 percent contained to 20 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get spot fires,” Clements says, “it’s like doubling that rate of spread because now you have a fire starting much farther downwind than the initial fire front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hotspots that could flare up. After the hotspots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>, that could take weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Many of the wildfires burning in Northern California are now partially contained. Of the two largest fires burning in Sonoma and Napa, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> is 56 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “percent contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean the fire won’t spread beyond the containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg 2404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-768x451.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1020x599.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1920x1128.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1180x693.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-960x564.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-375x220.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-520x305.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2404px) 100vw, 2404px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003ccite>(Delaware.gov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Generally we know that fires spread with the wind,” says Craig Clements, who oversees the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fire Weather Research Laboratory\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose State University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds Sunday night when the fires first spread were historic—up to 75 miles an hour in some areas. When the winds pickup, they can cause “spot fires” where an ember flies up and starts another new fire nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s so dangerous about spot fires is that the embers can be transported miles downwind from the main fire front,” says Clements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50 percent contained to 20 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get spot fires,” Clements says, “it’s like doubling that rate of spread because now you have a fire starting much farther downwind than the initial fire front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hotspots that could flare up. After the hotspots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>, that could take weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Before and After: Satellite Photos Show California Fire Damage",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>y Thursday evening, Northern California’s wildfires had become the deadliest and most destructive in the state’s history. Taken all together, the fires raging from Napa to Mendocino to Nevada counties had killed 31 people, burned down 3,500 structures, and engulfed 170,000 acres in flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters have made progress toward containing some fires in the rural counties east of Sacramento, but multiple fires in the North Bay have been fueled by heavy winds this week and firefighters have barely begun to contain them. The cause of the fire is under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellite imagery from Colorado mapping company \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitalglobe.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Globe\u003c/a> reveals the extent of the damage in several Santa Rosa neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drag the white slider in the middle of each image from left to right to see a before-and-after comparison. These images show neighborhoods northeast of Santa Rosa, with “before” images captured during the summer and “after” images taken on Wednesday October 11, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The main street on the left in this first image is Fountaingrove Parkway:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"juxtapose\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6203840e-afbf-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The wiggly street on the right of this image is Crown Hill Drive:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f78abb1c-afc6-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This image shows Coffey Park, in the middle:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=78ac9196-afc9-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The upper main road in this image is Hopper Avenue; the neighborhood is directly west of Coffey Park:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=53824bbe-afc8-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This final image shows the golf course of Fountaingrove Golf and Athletic Club in a swath of green on the left:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6e1264f8-afca-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nImages by Overview News//DigitalGlobe 2017. Sliders by Teodros Hailye and Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Satellite imagery over the Northern California wildfire areas shows complete destruction in some neighborhoods where no homes are left.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>y Thursday evening, Northern California’s wildfires had become the deadliest and most destructive in the state’s history. Taken all together, the fires raging from Napa to Mendocino to Nevada counties had killed 31 people, burned down 3,500 structures, and engulfed 170,000 acres in flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters have made progress toward containing some fires in the rural counties east of Sacramento, but multiple fires in the North Bay have been fueled by heavy winds this week and firefighters have barely begun to contain them. The cause of the fire is under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellite imagery from Colorado mapping company \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitalglobe.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Globe\u003c/a> reveals the extent of the damage in several Santa Rosa neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drag the white slider in the middle of each image from left to right to see a before-and-after comparison. These images show neighborhoods northeast of Santa Rosa, with “before” images captured during the summer and “after” images taken on Wednesday October 11, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The main street on the left in this first image is Fountaingrove Parkway:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"juxtapose\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6203840e-afbf-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The wiggly street on the right of this image is Crown Hill Drive:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f78abb1c-afc6-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This image shows Coffey Park, in the middle:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=78ac9196-afc9-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The upper main road in this image is Hopper Avenue; the neighborhood is directly west of Coffey Park:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=53824bbe-afc8-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This final image shows the golf course of Fountaingrove Golf and Athletic Club in a swath of green on the left:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6e1264f8-afca-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nImages by Overview News//DigitalGlobe 2017. Sliders by Teodros Hailye and Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bay Area Air Quality Has Been Worst on Record -- Check Out Your City",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Air Quality Has Been Worst on Record — Check Out Your City | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated: Wednesday, October 18, 2017, 11:45 a.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air pollution in Bay Area counties in the past couple of weeks has been the worst since 1999 when officials began collecting data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in the North Bay are still experiencing the brunt of the pollution because of nearby wildfires in California’s wine country. Residents in Napa, Solano and Sonoma counties should try to stay inside buildings with air conditioning. But people in the East Bay and South Bay are not in the clear because the toxic air is creeping all over the region. You can look up your zip code \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&cityid=317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pollution was so high last week it was comparable to high pollution days in China, says Lisa Fasano at the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst hour was measured last Tuesday in Napa with an air quality index of 404 for small particulate matter, so high it’s off the chart, as you can see below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916921\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1130\" height=\"2129\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg 1130w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-160x301.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-800x1507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-768x1447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-1020x1922.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-960x1809.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-240x452.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-375x707.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-520x980.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1130px) 100vw, 1130px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[Check current air quality at \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">airnow.gov\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sparetheair.org\u003c/a>, which has a 5-day forecast] \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow these precautions to protect your health:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Minimize outdoor activities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Exercise in a gym or studio with good ventilation, rather than outdoors\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stay indoors with windows and doors closed\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do not run fans in windows, drawing smoky air inside\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Run your air-conditioner on recirculate, rather than bringing in outdoor air\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consider leaving the region until air quality improves\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Officials warn that very fine smoke particles, a fraction of the size of a human hair, can lodge in the lungs and do irreparable damage to the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we breath particulates they bypass the lung system and get into our bloodstream,” said Fasano. “They exacerbate respiratory conditions like asthma, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease\u003cem>)\u003c/em>, emphysema and other conditions because they are very harmful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/anim_aqi_sanfrancisco_ca_171018wed.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916920\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/anim_aqi_sanfrancisco_ca_171018wed.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A seasonal inversion layer is putting a lid on the pollution and holding it in the region. Usually the Bay Area benefits from a natural air conditioning system with winds blowing in off the coast and carrying the air inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/1hr_pm25_SacramentoCa_animate_171018wed.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916919\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/1hr_pm25_SacramentoCa_animate_171018wed.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are also seeing elevated levels in San Francisco and Redwood City,” says Fasano. “We are all being impacted by this really unhealthy air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re concerned about working out, “Outdoor exercise is not advised in the heavily smoke impacted counties of Napa, Sonoma, and Solano,” says Fasano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fasano recommends buying a face mask at the hardware store with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/GeneralHospitalDevicesandSupplies/PersonalProtectiveEquipment/ucm055977.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">N-95 rating\u003c/a> or higher. Unfortunately neither a hospital mask or a bandanna tied over the face prevents noxious air from entering the lungs. Fasano suggests staying inside through the weekend to avoid breathing both particle pollution and ash wafting through the air.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated: Wednesday, October 18, 2017, 11:45 a.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air pollution in Bay Area counties in the past couple of weeks has been the worst since 1999 when officials began collecting data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in the North Bay are still experiencing the brunt of the pollution because of nearby wildfires in California’s wine country. Residents in Napa, Solano and Sonoma counties should try to stay inside buildings with air conditioning. But people in the East Bay and South Bay are not in the clear because the toxic air is creeping all over the region. You can look up your zip code \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&cityid=317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pollution was so high last week it was comparable to high pollution days in China, says Lisa Fasano at the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst hour was measured last Tuesday in Napa with an air quality index of 404 for small particulate matter, so high it’s off the chart, as you can see below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916921\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1130\" height=\"2129\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg 1130w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-160x301.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-800x1507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-768x1447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-1020x1922.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-960x1809.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-240x452.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-375x707.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-520x980.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1130px) 100vw, 1130px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[Check current air quality at \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">airnow.gov\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sparetheair.org\u003c/a>, which has a 5-day forecast] \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow these precautions to protect your health:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Minimize outdoor activities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Exercise in a gym or studio with good ventilation, rather than outdoors\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stay indoors with windows and doors closed\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do not run fans in windows, drawing smoky air inside\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Run your air-conditioner on recirculate, rather than bringing in outdoor air\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consider leaving the region until air quality improves\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Officials warn that very fine smoke particles, a fraction of the size of a human hair, can lodge in the lungs and do irreparable damage to the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we breath particulates they bypass the lung system and get into our bloodstream,” said Fasano. “They exacerbate respiratory conditions like asthma, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease\u003cem>)\u003c/em>, emphysema and other conditions because they are very harmful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/anim_aqi_sanfrancisco_ca_171018wed.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916920\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/anim_aqi_sanfrancisco_ca_171018wed.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A seasonal inversion layer is putting a lid on the pollution and holding it in the region. Usually the Bay Area benefits from a natural air conditioning system with winds blowing in off the coast and carrying the air inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/1hr_pm25_SacramentoCa_animate_171018wed.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916919\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/1hr_pm25_SacramentoCa_animate_171018wed.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are also seeing elevated levels in San Francisco and Redwood City,” says Fasano. “We are all being impacted by this really unhealthy air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re concerned about working out, “Outdoor exercise is not advised in the heavily smoke impacted counties of Napa, Sonoma, and Solano,” says Fasano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fasano recommends buying a face mask at the hardware store with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/GeneralHospitalDevicesandSupplies/PersonalProtectiveEquipment/ucm055977.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">N-95 rating\u003c/a> or higher. Unfortunately neither a hospital mask or a bandanna tied over the face prevents noxious air from entering the lungs. Fasano suggests staying inside through the weekend to avoid breathing both particle pollution and ash wafting through the air.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Santa Rosa Residents Face Neighborhoods Destroyed by Fire",
"headTitle": "Santa Rosa Residents Face Neighborhoods Destroyed by Fire | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The numerous fires still blazing across Sonoma, Napa, Mendocino and Lake counties have blackened more than 80,000 acres. There is almost no containment on any of the major fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tubbs fire, which started in Calistoga and swept into Santa Rosa Sunday night, is the most destructive. Entire neighborhoods in the city were flattened. Flames engulfed homes in the neighborhood of Fountaingrove. Firefighters are still trying to save homes in several other parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Your brain just goes dead. It’s like, what do I take? What do I take?’\u003ccite>Shirlene Gilman, Santa Rosa resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After a night of devastation, an orange sun peaked eerily through a dark grey sky over a blackened lawn in front of the Hilton Hotel. The resort has been reduced to a charred heap. Across the street, smoke billows from Journey’s End mobile home park. The community— now mostly in ashes—was home to seniors on fixed incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916354 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Journey’s End mobile home park flattened by wildfires in Santa Rosa.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents like Shirlene Gilman stroll slowly through debris. She points at a charred driveway. “This was my home,” says Gillman, as she wipes tears from her eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilman inherited her yellow mobile home from her mother seven years ago. “I just feel so hopeless,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the street a community swimming pool is now a black puddle surrounded by torched deck furniture. Gilman looks up and down her streets at the smoldering lots, recounting the names of neighbors who have lost their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many residents in Santa Rosa, Gilman received a knock on the door in the middle of the night ordering her to evacuate immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your brain just goes dead,” says Gilman. “It’s like, what do I take? What do I take? I mean, I got a few clothes, but that’s about it\u003cstrong>.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘No TV, no radio, no wifi, no anything. So we couldn’t get messages on our phone … So we just evacuated ourselves.’\u003ccite>Bonnie Shelley, Santa Rosa\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One block away, a neighbor of hers counts his blessings. Kenneth Simas stares kind of wild eyed at his brown mobile home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m looking at my home still intact!” exclaims Simas. “It was scary last night when I left here. It was like an inferno. Things were popping and banging. This home next door was engulfed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only sign of damage on Simas’s home is a layer of ashes on his front porch railing. A home less than 40 feet away is rubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, downtown Santa Rosa was not damaged by the flames, but all businesses are closed. A day after the fire started, there wasn’t a soul walking along the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a shelter at the county fair grounds is packed with people nervously making calls, trying to find out more information about the homes they fled. Bonnie Shelley lost power in the middle of the night on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No TV, no radio, no wifi, no anything. So we couldn’t get messages on our phone. So we couldn’t get any message to evacuate,” says Shelley. “So we just evacuated ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley says the hills surrounding her home in the Oakmont senior community were blazing red in every direction. “The winds last night were unbelievable. I’ve been here ten years and I’ve never experienced anything like that. No wonder the fires are all over the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley wasn’t even able to evacuate in her own car because her garage door wouldn’t open with the power out. So she hitched a ride with a friend to the emergency shelter at the fairgrounds in Santa Rosa. She’s still waiting to hear whether her home is still standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I brought this blanket that I’m sitting on,” she says. “Thank God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley’s purse is the only other item she has with her. She doesn’t even have the charger for her phone. Twenty-four hours after she evacuated her home, she was still depending on officials at the shelter to tell her what’s next.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The numerous fires still blazing across Sonoma, Napa, Mendocino and Lake counties have blackened more than 80,000 acres. There is almost no containment on any of the major fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tubbs fire, which started in Calistoga and swept into Santa Rosa Sunday night, is the most destructive. Entire neighborhoods in the city were flattened. Flames engulfed homes in the neighborhood of Fountaingrove. Firefighters are still trying to save homes in several other parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Your brain just goes dead. It’s like, what do I take? What do I take?’\u003ccite>Shirlene Gilman, Santa Rosa resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After a night of devastation, an orange sun peaked eerily through a dark grey sky over a blackened lawn in front of the Hilton Hotel. The resort has been reduced to a charred heap. Across the street, smoke billows from Journey’s End mobile home park. The community— now mostly in ashes—was home to seniors on fixed incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916354 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Journey’s End mobile home park flattened by wildfires in Santa Rosa.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents like Shirlene Gilman stroll slowly through debris. She points at a charred driveway. “This was my home,” says Gillman, as she wipes tears from her eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilman inherited her yellow mobile home from her mother seven years ago. “I just feel so hopeless,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the street a community swimming pool is now a black puddle surrounded by torched deck furniture. Gilman looks up and down her streets at the smoldering lots, recounting the names of neighbors who have lost their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many residents in Santa Rosa, Gilman received a knock on the door in the middle of the night ordering her to evacuate immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your brain just goes dead,” says Gilman. “It’s like, what do I take? What do I take? I mean, I got a few clothes, but that’s about it\u003cstrong>.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘No TV, no radio, no wifi, no anything. So we couldn’t get messages on our phone … So we just evacuated ourselves.’\u003ccite>Bonnie Shelley, Santa Rosa\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One block away, a neighbor of hers counts his blessings. Kenneth Simas stares kind of wild eyed at his brown mobile home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m looking at my home still intact!” exclaims Simas. “It was scary last night when I left here. It was like an inferno. Things were popping and banging. This home next door was engulfed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only sign of damage on Simas’s home is a layer of ashes on his front porch railing. A home less than 40 feet away is rubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, downtown Santa Rosa was not damaged by the flames, but all businesses are closed. A day after the fire started, there wasn’t a soul walking along the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a shelter at the county fair grounds is packed with people nervously making calls, trying to find out more information about the homes they fled. Bonnie Shelley lost power in the middle of the night on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No TV, no radio, no wifi, no anything. So we couldn’t get messages on our phone. So we couldn’t get any message to evacuate,” says Shelley. “So we just evacuated ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley says the hills surrounding her home in the Oakmont senior community were blazing red in every direction. “The winds last night were unbelievable. I’ve been here ten years and I’ve never experienced anything like that. No wonder the fires are all over the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley wasn’t even able to evacuate in her own car because her garage door wouldn’t open with the power out. So she hitched a ride with a friend to the emergency shelter at the fairgrounds in Santa Rosa. She’s still waiting to hear whether her home is still standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I brought this blanket that I’m sitting on,” she says. “Thank God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley’s purse is the only other item she has with her. She doesn’t even have the charger for her phone. Twenty-four hours after she evacuated her home, she was still depending on officials at the shelter to tell her what’s next.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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