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"content": "\u003cp>[audio src=https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/10/FIrefightersFreeMassages.mp3 program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Healers Offer Firefighters Free Massage and Acupuncture. And They're Loving It\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4233.jpeg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteer response to the wildfires in Sonoma County has a distinctly California flavor. Thousands of alternative-medicine practitioners like naturopaths, chiropractors — even aroma-therapists are donating treatment to anyone affected by the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions happened at dozens of pop-up spas in parking lots, relief centers and emergency shelters during the brunt of the disaster. There are still about a half a dozen open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one Red Cross shelter on the Sonoma County fairgrounds, a young man lays down on the gym floor with a blue towel under his head. Amidst a cacophony of evacuees calling friends and family, a sound healer kneeling on a silk Asian blanket begins ringing quartz bowls arranged in a semi-circle. The therapy is intended to calm the patient’s frazzled nerves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917108\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917108 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4253-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tuning forks radiate the sound from quartz bowls to help calm the nervous system. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Outside under a red and white striped plastic tent, a group of firefighters and national guardsmen wait patiently on folding metal chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamie Sheppard, a Truckee-based firefighter is next in line. He’s beat after shouldering a 60-pound back for grueling 24-hour shifts over the past 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My neck hurts, my back hurts, my left shoulder hurts,” says Sheppard. “And breathing in a lot of smoke of course, the lungs hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He climbs up on a massage table and a therapist gently places her hands on his temples. After twenty minutes of gentle massage and Reiki, a Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation, Sheppard slowly rises to stand up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917109 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4228-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter Jamie Sheppard receives energy work, or Reiki, after numerous long shifts on the front lines of the North Bay fires. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I feel much, much more relaxed,” said Sheppard. “Looser and nimble.” This is his second massage in a week. He says it doesn’t just help his body. “It also just kind of helps you unwind and power down and get ready for the next day.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just the firefighters who are working long hours. Dan Cortright is a volunteer who has offered massages for about ten hours each day for six days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweat drips down Cortright’s forehead as he digs his elbow into the back of a burly national guard soldier. Cortright says he’s volunteering to show his gratitude to the emergency responders. “It’s the least I can do to pay them back for all they’ve done to save our town, our whole community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few blocks away stacks of donated boxes of herbs and healing remedies are arriving from all over the country to \u003ca href=\"http://farmacopia.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Farmacopia\u003c/a>, an alternative healing clinic in Santa Rosa. Lily Mazarella, the owner, says she can’t keep up with all the shipments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve gotten everything from organic mushroom powder for the immune system to homemade \u003ca href=\"https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-959-osha.aspx?activeingredientid=959&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">osha syrup\u003c/a> for respiratory distress to to big bottles of sleep syrup,” said Mazarella. She gave a lot away last week at another pop-up clinic nestled beneath huge trees, Alliance Redwoods Conference Grounds, about thirty minutes east of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helicopters circled above Alliance’s blue basketball court that was lined with massage tables until Sunday. A few hundred firefighters stayed at this facility between shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers handed out “Manzanita Magic” – a folk remedy for poison oak. A white plastic table was lined with tinctures and syrups for respiratory support, stress, sleep and immune support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some firefighters sniffed essential oils like eucalyptus to soothe their smoke-filled lungs. Or drank throat comfort tea to ease raspy coughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917134 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-160x106.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-375x249.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-520x346.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters inhale the smell of eucalyptus oil to soothe dry smoke-filled lungs. \u003ccite>(Misha Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jen Riegle helped to coordinate shifts at more than two dozen shelters throughout Sonoma County. She’s a \u003ca href=\"https://nccih.nih.gov/health/naturopathy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">naturopathic doctor\u003c/a> in Santa Rosa. Riegle says she’s truly touched by the feedback she’s received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been so many soldiers and firemen and evacuees who have told us that they’ve never, ever received this kind of work before!” Riegle exclaims.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/696852613840190/?multi_permalinks=701379526720832¬if_id=1508569523334276¬if_t=group_highlights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">page\u003c/a> about the volunteer effort now has more than 2,000 members, and a \u003ca href=\"https://integrativehealersactionnetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> to keep the momentum going recently went live. Riegle hopes the outpouring of support can become a model that’s easily replicated when disaster strikes another community.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteer response to the wildfires in Sonoma County has a distinctly California flavor. Thousands of alternative-medicine practitioners like naturopaths, chiropractors — even aroma-therapists are donating treatment to anyone affected by the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions happened at dozens of pop-up spas in parking lots, relief centers and emergency shelters during the brunt of the disaster. There are still about a half a dozen open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one Red Cross shelter on the Sonoma County fairgrounds, a young man lays down on the gym floor with a blue towel under his head. Amidst a cacophony of evacuees calling friends and family, a sound healer kneeling on a silk Asian blanket begins ringing quartz bowls arranged in a semi-circle. The therapy is intended to calm the patient’s frazzled nerves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917108\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917108 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4253-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tuning forks radiate the sound from quartz bowls to help calm the nervous system. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Outside under a red and white striped plastic tent, a group of firefighters and national guardsmen wait patiently on folding metal chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jamie Sheppard, a Truckee-based firefighter is next in line. He’s beat after shouldering a 60-pound back for grueling 24-hour shifts over the past 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My neck hurts, my back hurts, my left shoulder hurts,” says Sheppard. “And breathing in a lot of smoke of course, the lungs hurt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He climbs up on a massage table and a therapist gently places her hands on his temples. After twenty minutes of gentle massage and Reiki, a Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation, Sheppard slowly rises to stand up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917109 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_4228-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighter Jamie Sheppard receives energy work, or Reiki, after numerous long shifts on the front lines of the North Bay fires. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I feel much, much more relaxed,” said Sheppard. “Looser and nimble.” This is his second massage in a week. He says it doesn’t just help his body. “It also just kind of helps you unwind and power down and get ready for the next day.”\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just the firefighters who are working long hours. Dan Cortright is a volunteer who has offered massages for about ten hours each day for six days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweat drips down Cortright’s forehead as he digs his elbow into the back of a burly national guard soldier. Cortright says he’s volunteering to show his gratitude to the emergency responders. “It’s the least I can do to pay them back for all they’ve done to save our town, our whole community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few blocks away stacks of donated boxes of herbs and healing remedies are arriving from all over the country to \u003ca href=\"http://farmacopia.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Farmacopia\u003c/a>, an alternative healing clinic in Santa Rosa. Lily Mazarella, the owner, says she can’t keep up with all the shipments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve gotten everything from organic mushroom powder for the immune system to homemade \u003ca href=\"https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-959-osha.aspx?activeingredientid=959&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">osha syrup\u003c/a> for respiratory distress to to big bottles of sleep syrup,” said Mazarella. She gave a lot away last week at another pop-up clinic nestled beneath huge trees, Alliance Redwoods Conference Grounds, about thirty minutes east of Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helicopters circled above Alliance’s blue basketball court that was lined with massage tables until Sunday. A few hundred firefighters stayed at this facility between shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers handed out “Manzanita Magic” – a folk remedy for poison oak. A white plastic table was lined with tinctures and syrups for respiratory support, stress, sleep and immune support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some firefighters sniffed essential oils like eucalyptus to soothe their smoke-filled lungs. Or drank throat comfort tea to ease raspy coughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917134 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1.jpeg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-160x106.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-375x249.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_0445-1-520x346.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters inhale the smell of eucalyptus oil to soothe dry smoke-filled lungs. \u003ccite>(Misha Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jen Riegle helped to coordinate shifts at more than two dozen shelters throughout Sonoma County. She’s a \u003ca href=\"https://nccih.nih.gov/health/naturopathy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">naturopathic doctor\u003c/a> in Santa Rosa. Riegle says she’s truly touched by the feedback she’s received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been so many soldiers and firemen and evacuees who have told us that they’ve never, ever received this kind of work before!” Riegle exclaims.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/696852613840190/?multi_permalinks=701379526720832¬if_id=1508569523334276¬if_t=group_highlights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">page\u003c/a> about the volunteer effort now has more than 2,000 members, and a \u003ca href=\"https://integrativehealersactionnetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website\u003c/a> to keep the momentum going recently went live. Riegle hopes the outpouring of support can become a model that’s easily replicated when disaster strikes another community.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Checking the data coming in from weather stations near where wildfires exploded across the North Bay, Cliff Mass watched in astonishment from his office in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wind speeds were unprecedented,” recalls Mass, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington. “That’s what got my attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting on a ridge above Napa Valley on the evening of Sunday, Oct. 8 the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/20/california-fires-cause-1b-in-damage-burn-6900-buildings/\">historic fires\u003c/a> quickly hopscotched their way west, ultimately scorching more than 200,000 acres, including nearly a third of Sonoma Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass says one gust on a mountain peak near Geyserville clocked in at 96 mph — another at 108. At times — after the fires had broken out — sustained winds at some higher elevations were at hurricane force.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.’\u003ccite>Cliff Mass, U.of Washington\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We had wind speeds that were higher than ever recorded at those stations,” says Mass. “And that’s irrespective of season — including the middle of the winter when we have big storms coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass writes in detail about the unusual winds in his widely-read \u003ca href=\"https://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2017/10/the-real-story-behind-california.html\">weather and climate blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started with warm, dry northeasterly winds, known as Diablos, typical for this time of year. Wind is created when air is pulled from an area of high pressure to low pressure. The bigger the difference, the more powerful the pull. When winds descend down mountains, they pick up speed…and heat, and usually trigger red-flag warnings [for fire potential].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But then something happened locally, ” notes Mass. There followed what he calls “Diablo-plus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strong winds coming in against the mountains accelerated further,” he explains. “It was an interaction between the winds and the mountains. You not only had the largest-scale Diablo wind but the winds further accelerated as they interacted with the mountains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pbsP3NZ_MQ&w=640&h=360]\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Video recorded on the night the fires broke out shows how embers were whipped in all directions. (KITN)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one reason so many were caught off guard. Kat Krause lost her home in Glen Ellen in a matter of minutes. She was still gathering things for a possible evacuation when she recalls hearing her husband, who was watching the hillside above their home yell, “Get out now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917092\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917092 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All at once while I was watching, that hill, from top to bottom and side to side, was spontaneously combusting into red, rapid lava-like fire which was moving toward us” Krause recalls.”From the time he yelled, “Now,” to the time I saw that hill explode in flames was no time at all — it wasn’t even seconds. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mass describes it, “This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The force behind this is what meteorologists call a mountain wave or downslope wind storm, this one complicated by the terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a tremendous amt of variability of the winds, recalls Mass. “We had these localized areas, near the crest and downstream and down the slopes a bit on some of these mountains, where the winds accelerated to unprecedented speeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are you getting standard accelerated wind or Diablo wind, you’re also getting fire-induced winds around the fire front,” describes Craig Clements, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\">Fire Weather Laboratory\u003c/a> at San Jose State University. “You’re getting all sorts of squirrely wind circulations around the fire,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week he dispatched the lab’s mobile unit to Santa Rosa, shooting Lidar beams into the smoke. Lidar is like the Doppler radar used by local weathercasters, but uses light beams instead of radio waves to study the dynamics in and around the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In classic large wildfires, a towering smoke plume often rises, spewing firebrands from the top, transported by upper-level winds sometimes miles. But these fires were different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened here, you had embers blowing in the near-surface winds into housing communities, and then one house would ignite, and then the next house would ignite, so it was unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tragic result was a number of lost properties more than double that of the Oakland Hills firestorm in 1991, which had held the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this was just everything coming together in the wrong way,” reflects Mass, “and gave us an unprecedented catastrophic event. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Checking the data coming in from weather stations near where wildfires exploded across the North Bay, Cliff Mass watched in astonishment from his office in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wind speeds were unprecedented,” recalls Mass, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington. “That’s what got my attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting on a ridge above Napa Valley on the evening of Sunday, Oct. 8 the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/20/california-fires-cause-1b-in-damage-burn-6900-buildings/\">historic fires\u003c/a> quickly hopscotched their way west, ultimately scorching more than 200,000 acres, including nearly a third of Sonoma Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass says one gust on a mountain peak near Geyserville clocked in at 96 mph — another at 108. At times — after the fires had broken out — sustained winds at some higher elevations were at hurricane force.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.’\u003ccite>Cliff Mass, U.of Washington\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We had wind speeds that were higher than ever recorded at those stations,” says Mass. “And that’s irrespective of season — including the middle of the winter when we have big storms coming in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass writes in detail about the unusual winds in his widely-read \u003ca href=\"https://cliffmass.blogspot.com/2017/10/the-real-story-behind-california.html\">weather and climate blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started with warm, dry northeasterly winds, known as Diablos, typical for this time of year. Wind is created when air is pulled from an area of high pressure to low pressure. The bigger the difference, the more powerful the pull. When winds descend down mountains, they pick up speed…and heat, and usually trigger red-flag warnings [for fire potential].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But then something happened locally, ” notes Mass. There followed what he calls “Diablo-plus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The strong winds coming in against the mountains accelerated further,” he explains. “It was an interaction between the winds and the mountains. You not only had the largest-scale Diablo wind but the winds further accelerated as they interacted with the mountains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/0pbsP3NZ_MQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/0pbsP3NZ_MQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Video recorded on the night the fires broke out shows how embers were whipped in all directions. (KITN)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one reason so many were caught off guard. Kat Krause lost her home in Glen Ellen in a matter of minutes. She was still gathering things for a possible evacuation when she recalls hearing her husband, who was watching the hillside above their home yell, “Get out now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1917092\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1917092 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/IMG_8758.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The rammed-earth walls are all that remain of the Krause home in Glen Ellen. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“All at once while I was watching, that hill, from top to bottom and side to side, was spontaneously combusting into red, rapid lava-like fire which was moving toward us” Krause recalls.”From the time he yelled, “Now,” to the time I saw that hill explode in flames was no time at all — it wasn’t even seconds. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mass describes it, “This fire exploded, and it exploded in a number of places at once.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The force behind this is what meteorologists call a mountain wave or downslope wind storm, this one complicated by the terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a tremendous amt of variability of the winds, recalls Mass. “We had these localized areas, near the crest and downstream and down the slopes a bit on some of these mountains, where the winds accelerated to unprecedented speeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only are you getting standard accelerated wind or Diablo wind, you’re also getting fire-induced winds around the fire front,” describes Craig Clements, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\">Fire Weather Laboratory\u003c/a> at San Jose State University. “You’re getting all sorts of squirrely wind circulations around the fire,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week he dispatched the lab’s mobile unit to Santa Rosa, shooting Lidar beams into the smoke. Lidar is like the Doppler radar used by local weathercasters, but uses light beams instead of radio waves to study the dynamics in and around the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In classic large wildfires, a towering smoke plume often rises, spewing firebrands from the top, transported by upper-level winds sometimes miles. But these fires were different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happened here, you had embers blowing in the near-surface winds into housing communities, and then one house would ignite, and then the next house would ignite, so it was unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tragic result was a number of lost properties more than double that of the Oakland Hills firestorm in 1991, which had held the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this was just everything coming together in the wrong way,” reflects Mass, “and gave us an unprecedented catastrophic event. “\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A radical change is coming to California’s pet industry. On Friday\u003cem>, \u003c/em>the state became the first requiring pet stores to sell animals from shelter and rescue centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 485\u003c/a>, which says dogs, cats and rabbits sold in California can’t come from large commercial breeding facilities. These operations, dubbed “puppy mills” and “kitten factories,” are often unsafe and inhumane, according to activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Puppy mill” owners over-breed females in order to provide a steady and inexpensive supply of puppies to pet stores, says Brandy Kuentzel from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a>. Diseases, mass breeding and inbreeding that lead to genetic defects and behavioral problems are also common.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Many California pet stores sell animals from out-of-state “puppy mills,” which are targeted under the new law.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Though California has fewer ‘puppy mills’ than other states, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a> Senior Director of State Legislation Susan Riggs, store owners still buy puppy mills from other states. Puppy mill pets raised in the Midwest often end up in California, Riggs says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepuppymillproject.org/about-puppy-mills/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puppy Mill Project\u003c/a>, a non-profit animal rights group, says more than two\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>million puppies are bred in mills each year. Most pet store puppies come from puppy mills and pet stores are the main point of sale for puppy mills, helping the operations stay in business, according to the Puppy Mill Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riggs says the new law will stop the flow of out-of-state pets into California outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Research and investigations time and time again have demonstrated that the source of those animals are from out-of-state puppy mill breeders,” says Riggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just dogs and cats that will benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916929\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916929 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"474\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg 576w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-160x193.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-240x290.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-375x452.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-520x627.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco SPCA volunteer Kat Soong walks a pit bull mix around the Mission neighborhood. \u003ccite>(SF SPCA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a super game changer for the rabbit industry,” says Kuentzel. “They’re animals that are often over-looked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuentzel says customers buy the pets without knowing how to care for them or how much they’ll cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So a lot of people decide they don’t want them and they end up in shelters; it can be really hard to re-home them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jade Lehmkuhl has bunnies at her Sacramento store, \u003ca href=\"http://www.incredpets.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incredible Pets\u003c/a>. She’ll have to stop selling them, but says she doesn’t mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the big picture, it ’s the right thing to do,” says Lehmkuhl. “There are too many homeless rabbits, there are too many homeless animals in general for people to just be going out and buying baby animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the law went into place, 36 jurisdictions including San Francisco banned the sale of animals from “puppy mills.” The legislation expands the rule statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill opponents, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.akc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Kennel Club\u003c/a>, say the ban will reduce access to new pets from professionally licensed breeders. But the ban only applies to stores. Individuals will still be able to buy direct from breeders or buy pets online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law takes effect in 2019 and violators will receive a $500 fine.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A radical change is coming to California’s pet industry. On Friday\u003cem>, \u003c/em>the state became the first requiring pet stores to sell animals from shelter and rescue centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 485\u003c/a>, which says dogs, cats and rabbits sold in California can’t come from large commercial breeding facilities. These operations, dubbed “puppy mills” and “kitten factories,” are often unsafe and inhumane, according to activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Puppy mill” owners over-breed females in order to provide a steady and inexpensive supply of puppies to pet stores, says Brandy Kuentzel from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a>. Diseases, mass breeding and inbreeding that lead to genetic defects and behavioral problems are also common.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Many California pet stores sell animals from out-of-state “puppy mills,” which are targeted under the new law.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Though California has fewer ‘puppy mills’ than other states, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals\u003c/a> Senior Director of State Legislation Susan Riggs, store owners still buy puppy mills from other states. Puppy mill pets raised in the Midwest often end up in California, Riggs says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.thepuppymillproject.org/about-puppy-mills/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puppy Mill Project\u003c/a>, a non-profit animal rights group, says more than two\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>million puppies are bred in mills each year. Most pet store puppies come from puppy mills and pet stores are the main point of sale for puppy mills, helping the operations stay in business, according to the Puppy Mill Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riggs says the new law will stop the flow of out-of-state pets into California outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Research and investigations time and time again have demonstrated that the source of those animals are from out-of-state puppy mill breeders,” says Riggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not just dogs and cats that will benefit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916929\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916929 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"474\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766.jpg 576w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-160x193.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-240x290.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-375x452.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/2015.10.27-629-1-e1508375312766-520x627.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco SPCA volunteer Kat Soong walks a pit bull mix around the Mission neighborhood. \u003ccite>(SF SPCA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is a super game changer for the rabbit industry,” says Kuentzel. “They’re animals that are often over-looked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kuentzel says customers buy the pets without knowing how to care for them or how much they’ll cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So a lot of people decide they don’t want them and they end up in shelters; it can be really hard to re-home them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jade Lehmkuhl has bunnies at her Sacramento store, \u003ca href=\"http://www.incredpets.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Incredible Pets\u003c/a>. She’ll have to stop selling them, but says she doesn’t mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the big picture, it ’s the right thing to do,” says Lehmkuhl. “There are too many homeless rabbits, there are too many homeless animals in general for people to just be going out and buying baby animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the law went into place, 36 jurisdictions including San Francisco banned the sale of animals from “puppy mills.” The legislation expands the rule statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill opponents, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.akc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Kennel Club\u003c/a>, say the ban will reduce access to new pets from professionally licensed breeders. But the ban only applies to stores. Individuals will still be able to buy direct from breeders or buy pets online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law takes effect in 2019 and violators will receive a $500 fine.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>October is often a deadly wildfire month in California. In fact, 26 years ago today the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/lessons-from-the-east-bay-hills-fire-25-years-later/\">Oakland Hills Fire\u003c/a> ignited. The flames eventually killed 25 people. This year’s death toll is 42 for the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environment this time of year offers the perfect conditions for giant blazes to decimate the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mediterranean Climate\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians often don’t see a drop of rain all summer. Eventually there’s a cost to all those bluebird days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By October California has dried out,” said University of California, Berkeley fire expert \u003ca href=\"https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/people/william-stewart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Stewart\u003c/a>. “So every hillside is basically fuel waiting to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Of the 10 \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/Top20_Deadliest.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deadliest fires\u003c/a> in California, 8 happened in October or November.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Golden grasses and crispy shrubs become perfect kindling. Though Stewart didn’t expect Sonoma County to be the next hot spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Totally unexpected! said Stewart. “I mean if I was going to ask where do I think a fire will burn down into a community, it would not have been the north eastern corner of Santa Rosa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ferocious flames were surprising because they started at night when it was relatively cool, and the brush in the area was less dense than what would typically trigger a catastrophic fire, like 1991’s East Bay tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Oakland Hills had a lot of fuel,” said Stewart. “They had forests with eucalyptus trees. They had big shrub fields. These all kind of burned according to fuel models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the Oakland fires burned \u003cem>as expected\u003c/em> on a sizzling day. This year’s fires surprised even the best experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Howling Winds\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the transition into winter we tend to get high pressure systems that set up generally north and east of us over northern Nevada,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.met.sjsu.edu/faculty/bridger.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alison Bridger\u003c/a>, a meteorologist from San Jose State University. “And those generate offshore winds blowing from inland out to the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the northern half of the state the autumn winds are often called Diablos named after the Diablo Range, in the East Bay. In Southern California they’re called the Santa Ana winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These hot dry winds often gather force by funneling down canyons, “And that certainly helps to form almost like a jet in the wind,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters said embers could have flown more than a mile last week when flames were clocking 230 feet per second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Normal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridger expects massive wildfires like the Napa and Sonoma blazes to become more of the norm. Climate change is leading to rising temperatures, shorter snow seasons, longer droughts and more bark beetle infestations. This does not bode well for urban areas that are creeping closer to forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you put all of that together I have no doubt that more and more acres are going to get burned,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, October’s fiery reputation could continue. Another heat wave is in the forecast next week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>October is often a deadly wildfire month in California. In fact, 26 years ago today the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/24/lessons-from-the-east-bay-hills-fire-25-years-later/\">Oakland Hills Fire\u003c/a> ignited. The flames eventually killed 25 people. This year’s death toll is 42 for the North Bay fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environment this time of year offers the perfect conditions for giant blazes to decimate the landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mediterranean Climate\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians often don’t see a drop of rain all summer. Eventually there’s a cost to all those bluebird days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By October California has dried out,” said University of California, Berkeley fire expert \u003ca href=\"https://ourenvironment.berkeley.edu/people/william-stewart\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">William Stewart\u003c/a>. “So every hillside is basically fuel waiting to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Of the 10 \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/downloads/fact_sheets/Top20_Deadliest.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deadliest fires\u003c/a> in California, 8 happened in October or November.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Golden grasses and crispy shrubs become perfect kindling. Though Stewart didn’t expect Sonoma County to be the next hot spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Totally unexpected! said Stewart. “I mean if I was going to ask where do I think a fire will burn down into a community, it would not have been the north eastern corner of Santa Rosa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ferocious flames were surprising because they started at night when it was relatively cool, and the brush in the area was less dense than what would typically trigger a catastrophic fire, like 1991’s East Bay tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Oakland Hills had a lot of fuel,” said Stewart. “They had forests with eucalyptus trees. They had big shrub fields. These all kind of burned according to fuel models.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the Oakland fires burned \u003cem>as expected\u003c/em> on a sizzling day. This year’s fires surprised even the best experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Howling Winds\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the transition into winter we tend to get high pressure systems that set up generally north and east of us over northern Nevada,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.met.sjsu.edu/faculty/bridger.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alison Bridger\u003c/a>, a meteorologist from San Jose State University. “And those generate offshore winds blowing from inland out to the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the northern half of the state the autumn winds are often called Diablos named after the Diablo Range, in the East Bay. In Southern California they’re called the Santa Ana winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These hot dry winds often gather force by funneling down canyons, “And that certainly helps to form almost like a jet in the wind,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters said embers could have flown more than a mile last week when flames were clocking 230 feet per second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Normal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridger expects massive wildfires like the Napa and Sonoma blazes to become more of the norm. Climate change is leading to rising temperatures, shorter snow seasons, longer droughts and more bark beetle infestations. This does not bode well for urban areas that are creeping closer to forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you put all of that together I have no doubt that more and more acres are going to get burned,” said Bridger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, October’s fiery reputation could continue. Another heat wave is in the forecast next week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Far, far away, 130 million years ago, in a galaxy nestled in the Hydra constellation, a violent explosion of two collapsed stars merging into one sent a burst of gamma rays searing across the cosmos and sent shockwaves through the fabric of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has also sent shockwaves of excitement through the field of astrophysics, demonstrating a new way to study the heavens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This detection has genuinely opened the doors to a new way of doing astrophysics. I expect it will be remembered as one of the most studied astrophysical events in history.’\u003ccite>Laura Cadonati, spokesperson for LIGO\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It took until August 17 for these signals to reach Earth, where, at 8:41 a.m. Eastern time, a team of gravitational wave astronomers observed them with the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/tag/ligo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LIGO and Virgo detectors\u003c/a>. Less than two seconds later, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fermi Space Telescope\u003c/a> observed a quick flash of gamma radiation, long theorized to be associated with merging neutron stars. The LIGO and Virgo team was able to pinpoint where the signals were coming from and put dozens of observatories around the globe on alert to look for signals of cosmic upheaval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office at University of California, Santa Cruz, postdoctoral researcher Charles Kilpatrick was the first to locate it. Scanning images from his team’s telescope in Chile, he saw — beside a galaxy known as NGC 4993 — a tiny dot that had not been there before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kilpatrick will enter the history books as the first known human to see photons from a neutron star collision. Speaking to the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-california-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California Report’s\u003c/a> John Sepulvado, Kilpatrick says it looked like any other star at first. Further analysis revealed it was kind of blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If something is blue, it’s really hot,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spectacular heat seen from these kinds of collisions create conditions for a kind of “cosmic forge” which have profoundly influenced the chemistry and evolution of the universe. It’s been long believed that collisions between neutron stars are the primary sources of heavy elements, such as gold, silver and platinum. But prior to this event, no neutron star collision had been observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-iaviqwMfJ0?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine this the next time you offer a loved one a ring, necklace or bracelet made from a precious metal — you are offering them the offspring of the union between two really dense dead stars. And just as gold and platinum are incredibly rare, so are these events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This detection has genuinely opened the doors to a new way of doing astrophysics. I expect it will be remembered as one of the most studied astrophysical events in history,” said Laura Cadonati, professor of physics at Georgia Tech and deputy spokesperson for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?org=NSF&cntn_id=243382&preview=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to this collision, astronomers have observed distant cosmic events through just a single channel of information: gamma ray bursts, or radio signals, for example. The inclusion of gravitational waves (a new technique) and direct telescope observation (an old one) is like having several messengers tell you about the same thing. David Reitze, executive director of the LIGO observatory compares it to movies making the leap from silent films to ‘talkies’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the fifth source of gravitational waves to be detected — the first one was discovered in September 2015, for which three founding members of the LIGO collaboration were \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/10/03/nobel-prize-winners-detected-ripples-in-fabric-of-universe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">awarded the Nobel prize in physics\u003c/a> two weeks ago.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientists announce the first direct detection of gravitational waves -- ripples in space-time -- in addition to light from the collision of two neutron stars. And this has what to do with precious metals? Read on.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Far, far away, 130 million years ago, in a galaxy nestled in the Hydra constellation, a violent explosion of two collapsed stars merging into one sent a burst of gamma rays searing across the cosmos and sent shockwaves through the fabric of the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has also sent shockwaves of excitement through the field of astrophysics, demonstrating a new way to study the heavens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘This detection has genuinely opened the doors to a new way of doing astrophysics. I expect it will be remembered as one of the most studied astrophysical events in history.’\u003ccite>Laura Cadonati, spokesperson for LIGO\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It took until August 17 for these signals to reach Earth, where, at 8:41 a.m. Eastern time, a team of gravitational wave astronomers observed them with the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/tag/ligo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LIGO and Virgo detectors\u003c/a>. Less than two seconds later, NASA’s \u003ca href=\"https://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fermi Space Telescope\u003c/a> observed a quick flash of gamma radiation, long theorized to be associated with merging neutron stars. The LIGO and Virgo team was able to pinpoint where the signals were coming from and put dozens of observatories around the globe on alert to look for signals of cosmic upheaval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office at University of California, Santa Cruz, postdoctoral researcher Charles Kilpatrick was the first to locate it. Scanning images from his team’s telescope in Chile, he saw — beside a galaxy known as NGC 4993 — a tiny dot that had not been there before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kilpatrick will enter the history books as the first known human to see photons from a neutron star collision. Speaking to the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-california-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California Report’s\u003c/a> John Sepulvado, Kilpatrick says it looked like any other star at first. Further analysis revealed it was kind of blue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If something is blue, it’s really hot,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spectacular heat seen from these kinds of collisions create conditions for a kind of “cosmic forge” which have profoundly influenced the chemistry and evolution of the universe. It’s been long believed that collisions between neutron stars are the primary sources of heavy elements, such as gold, silver and platinum. But prior to this event, no neutron star collision had been observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-iaviqwMfJ0?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine this the next time you offer a loved one a ring, necklace or bracelet made from a precious metal — you are offering them the offspring of the union between two really dense dead stars. And just as gold and platinum are incredibly rare, so are these events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This detection has genuinely opened the doors to a new way of doing astrophysics. I expect it will be remembered as one of the most studied astrophysical events in history,” said Laura Cadonati, professor of physics at Georgia Tech and deputy spokesperson for the LIGO Scientific Collaboration in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?org=NSF&cntn_id=243382&preview=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to this collision, astronomers have observed distant cosmic events through just a single channel of information: gamma ray bursts, or radio signals, for example. The inclusion of gravitational waves (a new technique) and direct telescope observation (an old one) is like having several messengers tell you about the same thing. David Reitze, executive director of the LIGO observatory compares it to movies making the leap from silent films to ‘talkies’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the fifth source of gravitational waves to be detected — the first one was discovered in September 2015, for which three founding members of the LIGO collaboration were \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/10/03/nobel-prize-winners-detected-ripples-in-fabric-of-universe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">awarded the Nobel prize in physics\u003c/a> two weeks ago.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "You Asked, We Answer: What Does It Mean When a Fire Is Contained?",
"headTitle": "You Asked, We Answer: What Does It Mean When a Fire Is Contained? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em; float: left; line-height: 0.733em; padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0; font-family: times, serif, georgia;\">O\u003c/span>nce a fire spews forth the goal is suppression, and the first step is containment. But what does containment mean and why is it so hard to achieve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Containment means that there’s some type of barrier between the area that has been burned, which we call ‘the black’ and an area that has not been burned which we refer to as ‘the green,'” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cal Fire\u003c/a> public information officer Jaime Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Contained’ means there’s a barrier along the fire’s perimeter. ‘Controlled’ means the barrier is expected to hold.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>There are two types of barriers—natural and artificial. A stream or lake can act as a natural barrier. An artificial barrier is often a dirt path dug around the fire. Firefighters will use a bulldozer to create what is called a “dozer line,” or manually carve out a path using picks and shovels, which is called a “hand line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They basically scrape the top layer of the grass off to leave bare mineral soil,” says Williams. “That way the fire stops because there’s nothing to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or firefighters will employ a “hose lay,” where they’ll carry a synthetic hose around the fire, periodically spraying the area inside “the black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”bDY3Zkny9FC39pDdbSmKpbN6btWJUuW8″]Many of the wildfires burning in Northern California are now partially contained. Of the two largest fires burning in Sonoma and Napa, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> is 56 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “percent contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean the fire won’t spread beyond the containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg 2404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-768x451.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1020x599.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1920x1128.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1180x693.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-960x564.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-375x220.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-520x305.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2404px) 100vw, 2404px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003ccite>(Delaware.gov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Generally we know that fires spread with the wind,” says Craig Clements, who oversees the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fire Weather Research Laboratory\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose State University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds Sunday night when the fires first spread were historic—up to 75 miles an hour in some areas. When the winds pickup, they can cause “spot fires” where an ember flies up and starts another new fire nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s so dangerous about spot fires is that the embers can be transported miles downwind from the main fire front,” says Clements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50 percent contained to 20 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get spot fires,” Clements says, “it’s like doubling that rate of spread because now you have a fire starting much farther downwind than the initial fire front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hotspots that could flare up. After the hotspots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>, that could take weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Many of the wildfires burning in Northern California are now partially contained. Of the two largest fires burning in Sonoma and Napa, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tubbs Fire\u003c/a> is 60 percent contained and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> is 56 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “percent contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean the fire won’t spread beyond the containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg 2404w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-800x470.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-768x451.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1020x599.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1920x1128.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-1180x693.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-960x564.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-375x220.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3-520x305.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2404px) 100vw, 2404px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003ccite>(Delaware.gov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Generally we know that fires spread with the wind,” says Craig Clements, who oversees the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireweather.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fire Weather Research Laboratory\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjsu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose State University\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds Sunday night when the fires first spread were historic—up to 75 miles an hour in some areas. When the winds pickup, they can cause “spot fires” where an ember flies up and starts another new fire nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s so dangerous about spot fires is that the embers can be transported miles downwind from the main fire front,” says Clements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50 percent contained to 20 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you get spot fires,” Clements says, “it’s like doubling that rate of spread because now you have a fire starting much farther downwind than the initial fire front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hotspots that could flare up. After the hotspots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">North Bay fires\u003c/a>, that could take weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Before and After: Satellite Photos Show California Fire Damage",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>y Thursday evening, Northern California’s wildfires had become the deadliest and most destructive in the state’s history. Taken all together, the fires raging from Napa to Mendocino to Nevada counties had killed 31 people, burned down 3,500 structures, and engulfed 170,000 acres in flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters have made progress toward containing some fires in the rural counties east of Sacramento, but multiple fires in the North Bay have been fueled by heavy winds this week and firefighters have barely begun to contain them. The cause of the fire is under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellite imagery from Colorado mapping company \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitalglobe.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Globe\u003c/a> reveals the extent of the damage in several Santa Rosa neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drag the white slider in the middle of each image from left to right to see a before-and-after comparison. These images show neighborhoods northeast of Santa Rosa, with “before” images captured during the summer and “after” images taken on Wednesday October 11, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The main street on the left in this first image is Fountaingrove Parkway:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"juxtapose\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6203840e-afbf-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The wiggly street on the right of this image is Crown Hill Drive:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f78abb1c-afc6-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This image shows Coffey Park, in the middle:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=78ac9196-afc9-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The upper main road in this image is Hopper Avenue; the neighborhood is directly west of Coffey Park:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=53824bbe-afc8-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This final image shows the golf course of Fountaingrove Golf and Athletic Club in a swath of green on the left:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6e1264f8-afca-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nImages by Overview News//DigitalGlobe 2017. Sliders by Teodros Hailye and Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Satellite imagery over the Northern California wildfire areas shows complete destruction in some neighborhoods where no homes are left.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>y Thursday evening, Northern California’s wildfires had become the deadliest and most destructive in the state’s history. Taken all together, the fires raging from Napa to Mendocino to Nevada counties had killed 31 people, burned down 3,500 structures, and engulfed 170,000 acres in flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters have made progress toward containing some fires in the rural counties east of Sacramento, but multiple fires in the North Bay have been fueled by heavy winds this week and firefighters have barely begun to contain them. The cause of the fire is under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Satellite imagery from Colorado mapping company \u003ca href=\"https://www.digitalglobe.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Digital Globe\u003c/a> reveals the extent of the damage in several Santa Rosa neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drag the white slider in the middle of each image from left to right to see a before-and-after comparison. These images show neighborhoods northeast of Santa Rosa, with “before” images captured during the summer and “after” images taken on Wednesday October 11, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The main street on the left in this first image is Fountaingrove Parkway:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"juxtapose\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6203840e-afbf-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The wiggly street on the right of this image is Crown Hill Drive:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f78abb1c-afc6-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This image shows Coffey Park, in the middle:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=78ac9196-afc9-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The upper main road in this image is Hopper Avenue; the neighborhood is directly west of Coffey Park:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=53824bbe-afc8-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This final image shows the golf course of Fountaingrove Golf and Athletic Club in a swath of green on the left:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=6e1264f8-afca-11e7-b263-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\nImages by Overview News//DigitalGlobe 2017. Sliders by Teodros Hailye and Lindsey Hoshaw/KQED\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bay Area Air Quality Has Been Worst on Record -- Check Out Your City",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Air Quality Has Been Worst on Record — Check Out Your City | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated: Wednesday, October 18, 2017, 11:45 a.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air pollution in Bay Area counties in the past couple of weeks has been the worst since 1999 when officials began collecting data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in the North Bay are still experiencing the brunt of the pollution because of nearby wildfires in California’s wine country. Residents in Napa, Solano and Sonoma counties should try to stay inside buildings with air conditioning. But people in the East Bay and South Bay are not in the clear because the toxic air is creeping all over the region. You can look up your zip code \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&cityid=317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pollution was so high last week it was comparable to high pollution days in China, says Lisa Fasano at the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst hour was measured last Tuesday in Napa with an air quality index of 404 for small particulate matter, so high it’s off the chart, as you can see below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916921\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1130\" height=\"2129\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg 1130w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-160x301.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-800x1507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-768x1447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-1020x1922.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-960x1809.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-240x452.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-375x707.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-520x980.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1130px) 100vw, 1130px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[Check current air quality at \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">airnow.gov\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sparetheair.org\u003c/a>, which has a 5-day forecast] \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow these precautions to protect your health:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Minimize outdoor activities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Exercise in a gym or studio with good ventilation, rather than outdoors\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stay indoors with windows and doors closed\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do not run fans in windows, drawing smoky air inside\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Run your air-conditioner on recirculate, rather than bringing in outdoor air\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consider leaving the region until air quality improves\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Officials warn that very fine smoke particles, a fraction of the size of a human hair, can lodge in the lungs and do irreparable damage to the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we breath particulates they bypass the lung system and get into our bloodstream,” said Fasano. “They exacerbate respiratory conditions like asthma, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease\u003cem>)\u003c/em>, emphysema and other conditions because they are very harmful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/anim_aqi_sanfrancisco_ca_171018wed.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916920\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/anim_aqi_sanfrancisco_ca_171018wed.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A seasonal inversion layer is putting a lid on the pollution and holding it in the region. Usually the Bay Area benefits from a natural air conditioning system with winds blowing in off the coast and carrying the air inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/1hr_pm25_SacramentoCa_animate_171018wed.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916919\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/1hr_pm25_SacramentoCa_animate_171018wed.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are also seeing elevated levels in San Francisco and Redwood City,” says Fasano. “We are all being impacted by this really unhealthy air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re concerned about working out, “Outdoor exercise is not advised in the heavily smoke impacted counties of Napa, Sonoma, and Solano,” says Fasano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fasano recommends buying a face mask at the hardware store with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/GeneralHospitalDevicesandSupplies/PersonalProtectiveEquipment/ucm055977.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">N-95 rating\u003c/a> or higher. Unfortunately neither a hospital mask or a bandanna tied over the face prevents noxious air from entering the lungs. Fasano suggests staying inside through the weekend to avoid breathing both particle pollution and ash wafting through the air.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated: Wednesday, October 18, 2017, 11:45 a.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air pollution in Bay Area counties in the past couple of weeks has been the worst since 1999 when officials began collecting data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents in the North Bay are still experiencing the brunt of the pollution because of nearby wildfires in California’s wine country. Residents in Napa, Solano and Sonoma counties should try to stay inside buildings with air conditioning. But people in the East Bay and South Bay are not in the clear because the toxic air is creeping all over the region. You can look up your zip code \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_city&cityid=317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pollution was so high last week it was comparable to high pollution days in China, says Lisa Fasano at the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst hour was measured last Tuesday in Napa with an air quality index of 404 for small particulate matter, so high it’s off the chart, as you can see below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916921\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1130\" height=\"2129\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018.jpg 1130w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-160x301.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-800x1507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-768x1447.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-1020x1922.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-960x1809.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-240x452.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-375x707.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/KQEDScience_AQI_6AM_171018-520x980.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1130px) 100vw, 1130px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[Check current air quality at \u003ca href=\"https://airnow.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">airnow.gov\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"http://sparetheair.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sparetheair.org\u003c/a>, which has a 5-day forecast] \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Follow these precautions to protect your health:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Minimize outdoor activities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Exercise in a gym or studio with good ventilation, rather than outdoors\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Stay indoors with windows and doors closed\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do not run fans in windows, drawing smoky air inside\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Run your air-conditioner on recirculate, rather than bringing in outdoor air\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consider leaving the region until air quality improves\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Officials warn that very fine smoke particles, a fraction of the size of a human hair, can lodge in the lungs and do irreparable damage to the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we breath particulates they bypass the lung system and get into our bloodstream,” said Fasano. “They exacerbate respiratory conditions like asthma, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease\u003cem>)\u003c/em>, emphysema and other conditions because they are very harmful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/anim_aqi_sanfrancisco_ca_171018wed.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916920\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/anim_aqi_sanfrancisco_ca_171018wed.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A seasonal inversion layer is putting a lid on the pollution and holding it in the region. Usually the Bay Area benefits from a natural air conditioning system with winds blowing in off the coast and carrying the air inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/1hr_pm25_SacramentoCa_animate_171018wed.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1916919\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/1hr_pm25_SacramentoCa_animate_171018wed.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are also seeing elevated levels in San Francisco and Redwood City,” says Fasano. “We are all being impacted by this really unhealthy air pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re concerned about working out, “Outdoor exercise is not advised in the heavily smoke impacted counties of Napa, Sonoma, and Solano,” says Fasano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fasano recommends buying a face mask at the hardware store with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/GeneralHospitalDevicesandSupplies/PersonalProtectiveEquipment/ucm055977.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">N-95 rating\u003c/a> or higher. Unfortunately neither a hospital mask or a bandanna tied over the face prevents noxious air from entering the lungs. Fasano suggests staying inside through the weekend to avoid breathing both particle pollution and ash wafting through the air.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The numerous fires still blazing across Sonoma, Napa, Mendocino and Lake counties have blackened more than 80,000 acres. There is almost no containment on any of the major fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tubbs fire, which started in Calistoga and swept into Santa Rosa Sunday night, is the most destructive. Entire neighborhoods in the city were flattened. Flames engulfed homes in the neighborhood of Fountaingrove. Firefighters are still trying to save homes in several other parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Your brain just goes dead. It’s like, what do I take? What do I take?’\u003ccite>Shirlene Gilman, Santa Rosa resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After a night of devastation, an orange sun peaked eerily through a dark grey sky over a blackened lawn in front of the Hilton Hotel. The resort has been reduced to a charred heap. Across the street, smoke billows from Journey’s End mobile home park. The community— now mostly in ashes—was home to seniors on fixed incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916354 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Journey’s End mobile home park flattened by wildfires in Santa Rosa.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents like Shirlene Gilman stroll slowly through debris. She points at a charred driveway. “This was my home,” says Gillman, as she wipes tears from her eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilman inherited her yellow mobile home from her mother seven years ago. “I just feel so hopeless,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the street a community swimming pool is now a black puddle surrounded by torched deck furniture. Gilman looks up and down her streets at the smoldering lots, recounting the names of neighbors who have lost their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many residents in Santa Rosa, Gilman received a knock on the door in the middle of the night ordering her to evacuate immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your brain just goes dead,” says Gilman. “It’s like, what do I take? What do I take? I mean, I got a few clothes, but that’s about it\u003cstrong>.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘No TV, no radio, no wifi, no anything. So we couldn’t get messages on our phone … So we just evacuated ourselves.’\u003ccite>Bonnie Shelley, Santa Rosa\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One block away, a neighbor of hers counts his blessings. Kenneth Simas stares kind of wild eyed at his brown mobile home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m looking at my home still intact!” exclaims Simas. “It was scary last night when I left here. It was like an inferno. Things were popping and banging. This home next door was engulfed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only sign of damage on Simas’s home is a layer of ashes on his front porch railing. A home less than 40 feet away is rubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, downtown Santa Rosa was not damaged by the flames, but all businesses are closed. A day after the fire started, there wasn’t a soul walking along the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a shelter at the county fair grounds is packed with people nervously making calls, trying to find out more information about the homes they fled. Bonnie Shelley lost power in the middle of the night on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No TV, no radio, no wifi, no anything. So we couldn’t get messages on our phone. So we couldn’t get any message to evacuate,” says Shelley. “So we just evacuated ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley says the hills surrounding her home in the Oakmont senior community were blazing red in every direction. “The winds last night were unbelievable. I’ve been here ten years and I’ve never experienced anything like that. No wonder the fires are all over the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley wasn’t even able to evacuate in her own car because her garage door wouldn’t open with the power out. So she hitched a ride with a friend to the emergency shelter at the fairgrounds in Santa Rosa. She’s still waiting to hear whether her home is still standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I brought this blanket that I’m sitting on,” she says. “Thank God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley’s purse is the only other item she has with her. She doesn’t even have the charger for her phone. Twenty-four hours after she evacuated her home, she was still depending on officials at the shelter to tell her what’s next.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The numerous fires still blazing across Sonoma, Napa, Mendocino and Lake counties have blackened more than 80,000 acres. There is almost no containment on any of the major fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tubbs fire, which started in Calistoga and swept into Santa Rosa Sunday night, is the most destructive. Entire neighborhoods in the city were flattened. Flames engulfed homes in the neighborhood of Fountaingrove. Firefighters are still trying to save homes in several other parts of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Your brain just goes dead. It’s like, what do I take? What do I take?’\u003ccite>Shirlene Gilman, Santa Rosa resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After a night of devastation, an orange sun peaked eerily through a dark grey sky over a blackened lawn in front of the Hilton Hotel. The resort has been reduced to a charred heap. Across the street, smoke billows from Journey’s End mobile home park. The community— now mostly in ashes—was home to seniors on fixed incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916354\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1916354 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-768x576.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Journeys-End-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Journey’s End mobile home park flattened by wildfires in Santa Rosa.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents like Shirlene Gilman stroll slowly through debris. She points at a charred driveway. “This was my home,” says Gillman, as she wipes tears from her eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilman inherited her yellow mobile home from her mother seven years ago. “I just feel so hopeless,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the street a community swimming pool is now a black puddle surrounded by torched deck furniture. Gilman looks up and down her streets at the smoldering lots, recounting the names of neighbors who have lost their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many residents in Santa Rosa, Gilman received a knock on the door in the middle of the night ordering her to evacuate immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your brain just goes dead,” says Gilman. “It’s like, what do I take? What do I take? I mean, I got a few clothes, but that’s about it\u003cstrong>.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘No TV, no radio, no wifi, no anything. So we couldn’t get messages on our phone … So we just evacuated ourselves.’\u003ccite>Bonnie Shelley, Santa Rosa\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One block away, a neighbor of hers counts his blessings. Kenneth Simas stares kind of wild eyed at his brown mobile home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m looking at my home still intact!” exclaims Simas. “It was scary last night when I left here. It was like an inferno. Things were popping and banging. This home next door was engulfed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only sign of damage on Simas’s home is a layer of ashes on his front porch railing. A home less than 40 feet away is rubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, downtown Santa Rosa was not damaged by the flames, but all businesses are closed. A day after the fire started, there wasn’t a soul walking along the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a shelter at the county fair grounds is packed with people nervously making calls, trying to find out more information about the homes they fled. Bonnie Shelley lost power in the middle of the night on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No TV, no radio, no wifi, no anything. So we couldn’t get messages on our phone. So we couldn’t get any message to evacuate,” says Shelley. “So we just evacuated ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley says the hills surrounding her home in the Oakmont senior community were blazing red in every direction. “The winds last night were unbelievable. I’ve been here ten years and I’ve never experienced anything like that. No wonder the fires are all over the place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley wasn’t even able to evacuate in her own car because her garage door wouldn’t open with the power out. So she hitched a ride with a friend to the emergency shelter at the fairgrounds in Santa Rosa. She’s still waiting to hear whether her home is still standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I brought this blanket that I’m sitting on,” she says. “Thank God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelley’s purse is the only other item she has with her. She doesn’t even have the charger for her phone. Twenty-four hours after she evacuated her home, she was still depending on officials at the shelter to tell her what’s next.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated: Saturday, October 14, 2017, 3:00\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003cstrong> p.m. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The multiple wildfires burning across a swath of Northern California have consumed more than 220,000 acres, while firefighters continue to make progress containing the fires. The causes are still under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires are burning from Napa and Sonoma counties out to Nevada County and up to Mendocino, and have killed 37 people, making these the most deadly fires in California history. Hundreds more people are still missing. More than 5,700 structures have been destroyed, which is nearly twice the previous most destructive fire in California, the 1991 Oakland Hills Tunnel Fire. On Monday, Governor Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“October, November we do see some of our most destructive and damaging wildfires historically,” says \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalFire\u003c/a> information officer Heather Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires that tear through neighborhoods and shopping centers have become more common as California’s population booms and development sprawls into vegetated areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1916726 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-160x180.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-800x902.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-768x866.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-1020x1150.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-960x1082.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-240x271.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-375x423.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-520x586.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw how quickly these fires spread into these suburbs and communities,” says Williams, speaking of the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cumulatively, the current fires are also the deadliest. The second most deadly was Los Angeles’ Griffith Park Fire where 29 people died, followed by the Oakland Hills Tunnel Fire where 25 people perished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of acreage, the current wildfires rank at number 5 among the top 20 biggest. The largest California wildfire in history, the Cedar Fire, burned 273,246 acres and the twentieth biggest, Ventura’s Wheeler Fire, burned 118,000 acres. Combined, the fires burning in California right now total more than 220,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing we are seeing is that fire season is lasting longer,” says Williams, “it’s almost year-round now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CalFire spokeswoman says it could be weeks or months before all the fires are fully contained and the true extent of the damage is calculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For continual fire updates, check \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED News\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Updated: Saturday, October 14, 2017, 3:00\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003cstrong> p.m. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The multiple wildfires burning across a swath of Northern California have consumed more than 220,000 acres, while firefighters continue to make progress containing the fires. The causes are still under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires are burning from Napa and Sonoma counties out to Nevada County and up to Mendocino, and have killed 37 people, making these the most deadly fires in California history. Hundreds more people are still missing. More than 5,700 structures have been destroyed, which is nearly twice the previous most destructive fire in California, the 1991 Oakland Hills Tunnel Fire. On Monday, Governor Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“October, November we do see some of our most destructive and damaging wildfires historically,” says \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CalFire\u003c/a> information officer Heather Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fires that tear through neighborhoods and shopping centers have become more common as California’s population booms and development sprawls into vegetated areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1916726 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"1330\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps.png 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-160x180.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-800x902.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-768x866.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-1020x1150.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-960x1082.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-240x271.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-375x423.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Zd5Ps-520x586.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We saw how quickly these fires spread into these suburbs and communities,” says Williams, speaking of the Tubbs Fire in Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cumulatively, the current fires are also the deadliest. The second most deadly was Los Angeles’ Griffith Park Fire where 29 people died, followed by the Oakland Hills Tunnel Fire where 25 people perished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of acreage, the current wildfires rank at number 5 among the top 20 biggest. The largest California wildfire in history, the Cedar Fire, burned 273,246 acres and the twentieth biggest, Ventura’s Wheeler Fire, burned 118,000 acres. Combined, the fires burning in California right now total more than 220,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thing we are seeing is that fire season is lasting longer,” says Williams, “it’s almost year-round now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CalFire spokeswoman says it could be weeks or months before all the fires are fully contained and the true extent of the damage is calculated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For continual fire updates, check \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/north-bay-fires-information/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED News\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The powerful \u003ca href=\"http://www.mwdh2o.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Metropolitan Water District\u003c/a> voted Tuesday to pay its share of the $17 billion project to build two massive tunnels to pipe water from Northern California to Southern California cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote gives Gov. Jerry Brown’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiawaterfix.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ambitious project\u003c/a> an important boost of support after an influential agricultural group withdrew its support last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”2RxlGUMNMwT7csLdTnPElowWox4cNaks”]The tunnels, which have been discussed in one form or another for generations, would pipe water around the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta — where Sierra Nevada water flows toward the sea — to a system of canals that deliver water to farms and residents mostly in the southern half of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote came after spirited comment from supporters who said the project was a modern day fix to improving reliability of water supplies that would also support jobs and critics who said it would inflate water prices for residents and projected it would further harm salmon and endangered fish in the delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the vote was a powerful nod of support from a water wholesaler that supplies water to 19 million people in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego and Ventura counties, the fate of the 35-mile-long (56-kilometer-long) tunnels, however, remained somewhat uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board of the Westlands Water District, the nation’s largest supplier of irrigation water to farms, voted three weeks ago to withdraw its participation from the project.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[contextly_sidebar id=”8O4YlWcYEC7yOhQSqGeijRsHM41kb8hI”]Updated at 12:30 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration will scuttle an Obama-era clean power plan aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administrator of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>, Scott Pruitt, made the announcement in Hazard, Ky., on Monday, saying the rule hurt coal-fired plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The EPA and no federal agency should ever use its authority to say to you we are going to declare war on any sector of our economy,” Pruitt said, speaking at an event with Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That rule really was about picking winners and losers,” the EPA administrator said, adding that the rule change would be signed on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement had been anticipated. It would eliminate the Clean Power Plan that was put on hold by the U.S. Supreme Court and therefore never implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A draft document obtained by NPR and other outlets says the administration will also issue an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking “in the near future” to take comments on whether and how it should replace the CPP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/news/epa-chief-says-administration-roll-150239621.html?soc_trk=gcm&soc_src=64b31474-394c-3a35-b934-8da7f3dd60f2&.tsrc=notification-brknews\">The Associated Press\u003c/a>, the EPA is “expected to declare the Obama-era rule exceeded federal law by setting emissions standards that power plants could not reasonably meet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal-fired power plants generate roughly 40 percent of the electricity globally, but generate more than 70 percent of the carbon dioxide, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/partner-country-series---emissions-reduction-through-upgrade-of-coal-fired-power-plants.html\">International Energy Agency.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of scientists worldwide say that carbon dioxide is a leading contributor to climate change. President Trump, however, has called climate change a hoax perpetrated by China to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive, but he also said he had an open mind toward efforts to control it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\">Trump announced that the U.S. would pull out of the Paris Accord\u003c/a>, an international agreement that set a limit on greenhouse gas emissions. At the time, the president said staying in the deal, which is aimed at capping average global temperature increases, “could cost America as much as 2.7 million lost jobs by 2025” and would cause the loss of close to $3 trillion in GDP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the claims of potential job losses have been\u003ca href=\"http://www.factcheck.org/2017/06/factchecking-trumps-climate-speech/\"> disputed by economists and climate scientists.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Chief+Announces+Reversal+Of+Obama-Era+Curbs+On+Coal+Plants&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement had been anticipated. It would eliminate the Clean Power Plan that was put on hold by the U.S. Supreme Court and therefore never implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A draft document obtained by NPR and other outlets says the administration will also issue an Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking “in the near future” to take comments on whether and how it should replace the CPP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/news/epa-chief-says-administration-roll-150239621.html?soc_trk=gcm&soc_src=64b31474-394c-3a35-b934-8da7f3dd60f2&.tsrc=notification-brknews\">The Associated Press\u003c/a>, the EPA is “expected to declare the Obama-era rule exceeded federal law by setting emissions standards that power plants could not reasonably meet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal-fired power plants generate roughly 40 percent of the electricity globally, but generate more than 70 percent of the carbon dioxide, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/partner-country-series---emissions-reduction-through-upgrade-of-coal-fired-power-plants.html\">International Energy Agency.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of scientists worldwide say that carbon dioxide is a leading contributor to climate change. President Trump, however, has called climate change a hoax perpetrated by China to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive, but he also said he had an open mind toward efforts to control it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/watch-live-trump-announces-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\">Trump announced that the U.S. would pull out of the Paris Accord\u003c/a>, an international agreement that set a limit on greenhouse gas emissions. At the time, the president said staying in the deal, which is aimed at capping average global temperature increases, “could cost America as much as 2.7 million lost jobs by 2025” and would cause the loss of close to $3 trillion in GDP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the claims of potential job losses have been\u003ca href=\"http://www.factcheck.org/2017/06/factchecking-trumps-climate-speech/\"> disputed by economists and climate scientists.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Chief+Announces+Reversal+Of+Obama-Era+Curbs+On+Coal+Plants&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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