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"content": "\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Gov. Jerry Brown’s administration announced Wednesday that it was scaling back his troubled four-decade effort to redo California’s north-south water system, cutting plans to build giant water tunnels from two to one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing the number of tunnels — at least for now — would help with California’s quest to line up enough funding and ease environmental concerns over tapping directly into the state’s largest river, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters also hope the trimmed-down project will have a better chance of winning approval before the 79-year-old governor leaves office in January. The single tunnel still would be California’s biggest water project in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tunnel would pipe water from Northern California through a four-story-high tunnel. Los Angeles’ giant Metropolitan Water District and its millions of urban customers are expected to be some of the main beneficiaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water districts had balked at the $16 billion cost of the two tunnels, stalling that version late last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karla Nemeth, director of the state Department of Water Resources, wrote in a memo to water agencies Wednesday that the state would still proceed with a second tunnel if the money is found. The state put the cost of the single tunnel at $10.7 billion, all to be paid by water districts that use the supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club in California and other environmental groups alleged that the state is saying the two-tunnel plan still survives only to avoid seeking new permits and approval on a single-tunnel project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new plan marks the latest in Brown’s lengthy effort to redo the water system left by his father, the late Gov. Pat Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original project built by the late Brown has helped hasten the decline of California’s chinook salmon and other native species in the largest estuary on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the tunnels say the new project would help the environment. Opponents fear the project — built with one tunnel or two — would take too much fresh water from the vital waterway.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Gov. Jerry Brown’s administration announced Wednesday that it was scaling back his troubled four-decade effort to redo California’s north-south water system, cutting plans to build giant water tunnels from two to one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing the number of tunnels — at least for now — would help with California’s quest to line up enough funding and ease environmental concerns over tapping directly into the state’s largest river, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters also hope the trimmed-down project will have a better chance of winning approval before the 79-year-old governor leaves office in January. The single tunnel still would be California’s biggest water project in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tunnel would pipe water from Northern California through a four-story-high tunnel. Los Angeles’ giant Metropolitan Water District and its millions of urban customers are expected to be some of the main beneficiaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water districts had balked at the $16 billion cost of the two tunnels, stalling that version late last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karla Nemeth, director of the state Department of Water Resources, wrote in a memo to water agencies Wednesday that the state would still proceed with a second tunnel if the money is found. The state put the cost of the single tunnel at $10.7 billion, all to be paid by water districts that use the supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club in California and other environmental groups alleged that the state is saying the two-tunnel plan still survives only to avoid seeking new permits and approval on a single-tunnel project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new plan marks the latest in Brown’s lengthy effort to redo the water system left by his father, the late Gov. Pat Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original project built by the late Brown has helped hasten the decline of California’s chinook salmon and other native species in the largest estuary on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the tunnels say the new project would help the environment. Opponents fear the project — built with one tunnel or two — would take too much fresh water from the vital waterway.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Protesters Disrupt Trump Administration's Offshore Oil Meeting in Sacramento",
"headTitle": "Protesters Disrupt Trump Administration’s Offshore Oil Meeting in Sacramento | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Several hundred protesters rallied at the state Capitol on Thursday to oppose a \u003ca href=\"https://www.boem.gov/NP-Draft-Proposed-Program-2019-2024/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal plan\u003c/a> to expand drilling for oil and gas off California shores. If the plan, currently a draft proposal, is finalized, the U.S. Department of the Interior could begin selling leases to drillers as soon as next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters demonstrated before an event held by the Interior Department’s Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; it was the federal government’s only scheduled public meeting on the issue. The event, held at Sacramento’s main library, was billed as an “open house.” There was no opportunity for public comment; instead the department set up informational displays, with kiosks available to write comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/BOEM_DOI/status/961748560269205504?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, protesters managed to get their voices heard, chanting “Where’s the hearing?” and turning the event into something of a circus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Bill Brown, the chief environmental officer with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, defended the meeting’s format, saying it was a “more effective way to communicate.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I think there are plenty of legitimate environmental concerns to be addressed,” he said. “The downside of the hearing thing is that you don’t get to talk to [or] really interact with folks. And also everyone needs to sit there, and they only get their two minutes in the sun, basically.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919577\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 413px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/offshoredrilling-WC.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1919577\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/offshoredrilling-WC.png\" alt=\"BOEM CA map\" width=\"413\" height=\"538\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map from the federal Bureau of Ocean Energy Mgt. shows the “extent of geological plays” off California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the Trump administration’s plan are fearful of a catastrophic oil spill and burning more fossil fuels that drive global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re moving a lot more towards renewable energies,” said protester Chase Wood, 25, a resident of Orange County and a Greenpeace activist. “There are more jobs in the energy sector than there is in all of the coal industry. We need to start moving on to the 21st century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offshore drilling has been a hot-button issue in the state since 1969, when the blowout of an offshore well led to a catastrophic\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-oil-spill-1969-20150520-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> oil spill\u003c/a> in the Santa Barbara Channel, fouling 35 miles of coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people really recognize that offshore drilling for oil is a dirty and dangerous business,” said Miyoko Sakashita, who directs the oceans program at the Center for Biological Diversity. “We’ve all seen the images of the oiled coasts and the oiled birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has banned new exploration in state waters within three miles of shore for decades, and the White House under Barack Obama added restrictions in federal waters. The Trump administration’s 5-year plan calls for leases to once again be offered to oil and gas companies for exploration and production in nearly all U.S. waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of offshore drilling also weighed in Thursday. Bob Poole, vice president of the Western States Petroleum Association, said the alternative to offshore drilling is importing oil from countries that lack environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919748\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919748 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An expert from the Department of Interior explains aspects of offshore operations to attendees. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We import more than a million barrels [of oil] every day, each and every day, over the ocean, from countries that a lot of whom don’t like us very much,” he said on KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2018/02/07/trumps-plan-to-expand-offshore-drilling-gets-a-california-hearing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum radio program\u003c/a>. “All of that oil is coming on on tankers, every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, “If we’re going to need oil for the foreseeable future … doesn’t it make sense to produce that oil rather than try to stop that — and produce it under the most stringent environmental regulations on the planet — instead of importing this oil in supertankers from countries like Saudi Arabia and others where they don’t have those rules?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some state officials have begun \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/08/583407248/california-may-have-a-way-to-block-trumps-offshore-drilling-push\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moving to block\u003c/a> newly produced offshore oil from being piped ashore by withholding permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am resolved that not a single drop from Trump’s new oil plan ever makes landfall in California,” said Lt. Governor Gavin Newsom in a statement on behalf of the State Lands Commission, which he chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, State Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson (D-Santa Barbara) introduced SB 834, which would ban new pipelines, piers, wharves, or other infrastructure that would go through state waters. A similar bill died in committee last year. A companion bill, AB 1775, was introduced by Assemblymember Al Muratsuchi (D-Torrance).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed, the legislation could potentially dissuade oil companies from buying oil leases. Without a pipeline to bring oil onshore, oil companies would have to turn to other means, like using ships for transport, which is generally seen as riskier and more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry advocates have argued that because federal waters belong to the taxpayers, they should not be closed to drilling. Currently about 30 wells are in operation off of California, mostly in federal waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Thursday, the California Assembly overwhelmingly passed a resolution opposing the Trump administration’s plan. The vote was 55-8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly also asked U.S. Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke to remove California from the proposed leasing plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Monique Limón, a Santa Monica Democrat who sought the resolution, cited previous offshore spills that have tarred the state’s picturesque coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans Randy Voepel of Santee and Travis Allen of Huntington Beach say oil and gas can be safely harvested. Allen, a GOP candidate for governor, says the move could help lower gasoline prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters in other states have already gathered to voice their displeasure at the planned reinstatement of offshore drilling. On Tuesday, more than 100 demonstrators gathered outside Oregon’s state Capitol in Salem to denounce the proposal before a planned public meeting.. Twenty-three meetings are scheduled nationwide, one in every state except Hawaii that touches the Atlantic or Pacific oceans. Comments can also be submitted \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/comment?D=BOEM-2017-0074-0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> through March 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Craig Miller, Amel Ahmed, Jon Brooks, Lauren Sommer and the Associated Press contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A proposal to revive oil and gas drilling off California has struck a nerve among coastal residents.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several hundred protesters rallied at the state Capitol on Thursday to oppose a \u003ca href=\"https://www.boem.gov/NP-Draft-Proposed-Program-2019-2024/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal plan\u003c/a> to expand drilling for oil and gas off California shores. If the plan, currently a draft proposal, is finalized, the U.S. Department of the Interior could begin selling leases to drillers as soon as next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protesters demonstrated before an event held by the Interior Department’s Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; it was the federal government’s only scheduled public meeting on the issue. The event, held at Sacramento’s main library, was billed as an “open house.” There was no opportunity for public comment; instead the department set up informational displays, with kiosks available to write comments.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Still, protesters managed to get their voices heard, chanting “Where’s the hearing?” and turning the event into something of a circus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Bill Brown, the chief environmental officer with the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, defended the meeting’s format, saying it was a “more effective way to communicate.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I think there are plenty of legitimate environmental concerns to be addressed,” he said. “The downside of the hearing thing is that you don’t get to talk to [or] really interact with folks. And also everyone needs to sit there, and they only get their two minutes in the sun, basically.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919577\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 413px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/offshoredrilling-WC.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1919577\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/offshoredrilling-WC.png\" alt=\"BOEM CA map\" width=\"413\" height=\"538\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Map from the federal Bureau of Ocean Energy Mgt. shows the “extent of geological plays” off California.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the Trump administration’s plan are fearful of a catastrophic oil spill and burning more fossil fuels that drive global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re moving a lot more towards renewable energies,” said protester Chase Wood, 25, a resident of Orange County and a Greenpeace activist. “There are more jobs in the energy sector than there is in all of the coal industry. We need to start moving on to the 21st century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offshore drilling has been a hot-button issue in the state since 1969, when the blowout of an offshore well led to a catastrophic\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-oil-spill-1969-20150520-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> oil spill\u003c/a> in the Santa Barbara Channel, fouling 35 miles of coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people really recognize that offshore drilling for oil is a dirty and dangerous business,” said Miyoko Sakashita, who directs the oceans program at the Center for Biological Diversity. “We’ve all seen the images of the oiled coasts and the oiled birds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has banned new exploration in state waters within three miles of shore for decades, and the White House under Barack Obama added restrictions in federal waters. The Trump administration’s 5-year plan calls for leases to once again be offered to oil and gas companies for exploration and production in nearly all U.S. waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of offshore drilling also weighed in Thursday. Bob Poole, vice president of the Western States Petroleum Association, said the alternative to offshore drilling is importing oil from countries that lack environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919748\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919748 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/02/IMG_9545-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An expert from the Department of Interior explains aspects of offshore operations to attendees. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We import more than a million barrels [of oil] every day, each and every day, over the ocean, from countries that a lot of whom don’t like us very much,” he said on KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2018/02/07/trumps-plan-to-expand-offshore-drilling-gets-a-california-hearing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum radio program\u003c/a>. “All of that oil is coming on on tankers, every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, “If we’re going to need oil for the foreseeable future … doesn’t it make sense to produce that oil rather than try to stop that — and produce it under the most stringent environmental regulations on the planet — instead of importing this oil in supertankers from countries like Saudi Arabia and others where they don’t have those rules?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some state officials have begun \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/08/583407248/california-may-have-a-way-to-block-trumps-offshore-drilling-push\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">moving to block\u003c/a> newly produced offshore oil from being piped ashore by withholding permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am resolved that not a single drop from Trump’s new oil plan ever makes landfall in California,” said Lt. Governor Gavin Newsom in a statement on behalf of the State Lands Commission, which he chairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, State Senator Hannah-Beth Jackson (D-Santa Barbara) introduced SB 834, which would ban new pipelines, piers, wharves, or other infrastructure that would go through state waters. A similar bill died in committee last year. A companion bill, AB 1775, was introduced by Assemblymember Al Muratsuchi (D-Torrance).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If passed, the legislation could potentially dissuade oil companies from buying oil leases. Without a pipeline to bring oil onshore, oil companies would have to turn to other means, like using ships for transport, which is generally seen as riskier and more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry advocates have argued that because federal waters belong to the taxpayers, they should not be closed to drilling. Currently about 30 wells are in operation off of California, mostly in federal waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Thursday, the California Assembly overwhelmingly passed a resolution opposing the Trump administration’s plan. The vote was 55-8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Assembly also asked U.S. Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke to remove California from the proposed leasing plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblywoman Monique Limón, a Santa Monica Democrat who sought the resolution, cited previous offshore spills that have tarred the state’s picturesque coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans Randy Voepel of Santee and Travis Allen of Huntington Beach say oil and gas can be safely harvested. Allen, a GOP candidate for governor, says the move could help lower gasoline prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters in other states have already gathered to voice their displeasure at the planned reinstatement of offshore drilling. On Tuesday, more than 100 demonstrators gathered outside Oregon’s state Capitol in Salem to denounce the proposal before a planned public meeting.. Twenty-three meetings are scheduled nationwide, one in every state except Hawaii that touches the Atlantic or Pacific oceans. Comments can also be submitted \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/comment?D=BOEM-2017-0074-0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">online\u003c/a> through March 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Craig Miller, Amel Ahmed, Jon Brooks, Lauren Sommer and the Associated Press contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>We hear plenty these days about breakthroughs in green energy, robotics and communications. But as everyday technologies go, water management is virtually invisible to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One organization that’s working to change that is Imagine H2O, a startup accelerator based in San Francisco. A nonprofit, it provides support to emerging companies working on water problems, helping them find investors and customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, Imagine H2O hosts a competition to nurture a class of promising water entrepreneurs. The latest class attracted 206 applicants from 36 countries, each of them seeking to benefit from expert guidance in the water industry and from relationships with investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”FGz0NzAUv3SftU45CyLPfTmmf9lqLJLa”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the firm selected 13 finalists from this group. These entrepreneurs now begin a 10-month program that will include introductions with investors and potential customers, mentoring by industry experts, and opportunities to increase their visibility in the industry. At the end of that period, winners will be selected to receive grants of up to $25,000 to help advance their inventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain the process further and introduce some of the startup firms, Water Deeply recently talked to Tom Ferguson, Imagine H2O’s vice president of programming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How does your selection process work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Ferguson: We enlist the help of 146 experts from our network, who serve as prejudges and as a final judging panel. The prejudges give us a very wide assessment and provide a ranking of the applicants. Then the companies go to the final judging panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t take an equity position in these companies. We’re a 501(c)3, we’re a nonprofit. Our mission is to help people develop and deploy technology, and create solutions to water challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Many of the companies in your 2018 class are involved in wastewater. Why so much interest in that?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFerguson: What unifies them is all of them have identified a very specific niche in which we think there is a great balance between ability to solve a problem and also the acuteness of the problem – the degree to which the problem is felt within their specified target market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Aquam LLC has developed an energy-neutral solution for dealing with ultra-high-strength wastewater streams. Their initial niche is with a specific area of the food and beverage industry. Within wastewater, you’re looking at startup companies who are really good at identifying pain points within the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I used to work in wastewater and I know that monitoring tank health is crucial. If your culture in a tank isn’t right, it will throw off your whole treatment process. Another of our firms in this sector is Island Water Technologies. It’s invented a bioelectrode wastewater sensor that provides real-time monitoring of microbial activity in these tanks. It’s going to monitor an absolutely mission-critical element of the overall wastewater chain, to a point where people who want to sleep well at night can, because they will know when the pattern of health in the tank starts to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: There also seems to be a trend toward bringing artificial intelligence into water treatment.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFerguson: That’s a really interesting one. There have been various companies that have looked at this and said, “How do we make life easier for a data-constrained water operator?” Emagin is an example from last year. It uses artificial intelligence to help people run a whole bunch of scenario analyses to fine-tune their water treatment operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Water is still just grotesquely under-supported as an area of infrastructure and of the economy as a whole.”\u003ccite>Tom Ferguson, Imagine H2O\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Everybody has a membrane system in their water treatment process. And they are looking for intelligent ways to monitor the health of that membrane and, ideally, be able to clean that membrane without having to shut down the system, remove it and clean it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of our companies this year, Intelliflux, is about giving the opportunity to be more precise. By using artificial intelligence, it allows people to do the membrane maintenance when it’s actually needed, rather than when the handbook is saying it’s time. It’s about efficiency and augmenting the role of the operator rather than the idea of going to a robot sort of treatment plant where the operator is going to be out of a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: One of your cohort this year, Pipeguard, makes robots to detect leaks. What’s that all about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson: This is the work of You Wu, a really smart guy with a PhD from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His idea is there are so many leaks in pipes, and there’s got to be a better way of doing a couple of things: detecting leaks that are already there, but also having an early warning system to detect new leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His robot looks a little bit like a shuttlecock from badminton. Essentially, it goes down the pipe with the flow and provides a relatively granular look at pipe condition – regardless of the pipe material. The robot allows water companies to have more visibility into where their leaks are, especially the small leaks. The big leaks are usually self-evident – like when roads blow up. But where are the likely rupture points? We think he’s got a really novel solution and that there’s an appetite out there from water utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How does all this translate into benefits for utility ratepayers, or the person on the street?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFerguson: For most of us, when we turn on the tap, water comes out with no trouble at all. Everybody just basically takes this for granted. Water is really, really cheap, and it should be because it’s a universal human right. Everybody needs water they can afford. But everybody who spends more than 15 minutes looking at the water industry knows it’s a really tough gig. And it’s practically invisible to the person on the street. It really is an unbelievable feat of engineering and dedication and everybody wanders around clueless about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So all of these innovations allow utilities to optimize. If you are saving money on energy or on chemicals or treatment, or if you can cut a six-step process down to two, all of those savings fall directly to the bottom line. That means there is more and more breathing space on the utilities balance sheet, reducing the likelihood of rate increases in the future.[contextly_sidebar id=”rGFJQRLX2CyZHFsHnf1ZkbwTJ5OOXOmT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essentially, the benefit to the person on the street is they get to keep on taking water for granted, rather than having bad impacts on their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What is the market like for water innovations these days?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFerguson: Water is still just grotesquely under-supported as an area of infrastructure and of the economy as a whole. There are a lot of headwinds. That said, for people who understand it and can figure it out, we think there are great opportunities for solid investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where water entrepreneurs run into challenges is in convincing investors this is the highest and best use of their capital. In water you have long sales cycles, a conservative industry and nowhere near the kind of federal support for other sectors, like energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everybody gets very excited about water when they hear as much as $1 trillion needs to be invested in water infrastructure before 2040. But the numbers in water don’t lie. I really do think it’s kind of America’s big time bomb. It’s overlooked relative to its importance in society, shall we say. It will turn. And when it does turn, the investors who have taken positions and taken time to understand this are in a position to do very well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/02/06/robotics-artificial-intelligence-make-headway-in-the-water-industry\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We hear plenty these days about breakthroughs in green energy, robotics and communications. But as everyday technologies go, water management is virtually invisible to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One organization that’s working to change that is Imagine H2O, a startup accelerator based in San Francisco. A nonprofit, it provides support to emerging companies working on water problems, helping them find investors and customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, Imagine H2O hosts a competition to nurture a class of promising water entrepreneurs. The latest class attracted 206 applicants from 36 countries, each of them seeking to benefit from expert guidance in the water industry and from relationships with investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the firm selected 13 finalists from this group. These entrepreneurs now begin a 10-month program that will include introductions with investors and potential customers, mentoring by industry experts, and opportunities to increase their visibility in the industry. At the end of that period, winners will be selected to receive grants of up to $25,000 to help advance their inventions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain the process further and introduce some of the startup firms, Water Deeply recently talked to Tom Ferguson, Imagine H2O’s vice president of programming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How does your selection process work?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Ferguson: We enlist the help of 146 experts from our network, who serve as prejudges and as a final judging panel. The prejudges give us a very wide assessment and provide a ranking of the applicants. Then the companies go to the final judging panel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t take an equity position in these companies. We’re a 501(c)3, we’re a nonprofit. Our mission is to help people develop and deploy technology, and create solutions to water challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Many of the companies in your 2018 class are involved in wastewater. Why so much interest in that?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFerguson: What unifies them is all of them have identified a very specific niche in which we think there is a great balance between ability to solve a problem and also the acuteness of the problem – the degree to which the problem is felt within their specified target market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Aquam LLC has developed an energy-neutral solution for dealing with ultra-high-strength wastewater streams. Their initial niche is with a specific area of the food and beverage industry. Within wastewater, you’re looking at startup companies who are really good at identifying pain points within the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I used to work in wastewater and I know that monitoring tank health is crucial. If your culture in a tank isn’t right, it will throw off your whole treatment process. Another of our firms in this sector is Island Water Technologies. It’s invented a bioelectrode wastewater sensor that provides real-time monitoring of microbial activity in these tanks. It’s going to monitor an absolutely mission-critical element of the overall wastewater chain, to a point where people who want to sleep well at night can, because they will know when the pattern of health in the tank starts to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: There also seems to be a trend toward bringing artificial intelligence into water treatment.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFerguson: That’s a really interesting one. There have been various companies that have looked at this and said, “How do we make life easier for a data-constrained water operator?” Emagin is an example from last year. It uses artificial intelligence to help people run a whole bunch of scenario analyses to fine-tune their water treatment operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Water is still just grotesquely under-supported as an area of infrastructure and of the economy as a whole.”\u003ccite>Tom Ferguson, Imagine H2O\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Everybody has a membrane system in their water treatment process. And they are looking for intelligent ways to monitor the health of that membrane and, ideally, be able to clean that membrane without having to shut down the system, remove it and clean it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of our companies this year, Intelliflux, is about giving the opportunity to be more precise. By using artificial intelligence, it allows people to do the membrane maintenance when it’s actually needed, rather than when the handbook is saying it’s time. It’s about efficiency and augmenting the role of the operator rather than the idea of going to a robot sort of treatment plant where the operator is going to be out of a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: One of your cohort this year, Pipeguard, makes robots to detect leaks. What’s that all about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferguson: This is the work of You Wu, a really smart guy with a PhD from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His idea is there are so many leaks in pipes, and there’s got to be a better way of doing a couple of things: detecting leaks that are already there, but also having an early warning system to detect new leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His robot looks a little bit like a shuttlecock from badminton. Essentially, it goes down the pipe with the flow and provides a relatively granular look at pipe condition – regardless of the pipe material. The robot allows water companies to have more visibility into where their leaks are, especially the small leaks. The big leaks are usually self-evident – like when roads blow up. But where are the likely rupture points? We think he’s got a really novel solution and that there’s an appetite out there from water utilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How does all this translate into benefits for utility ratepayers, or the person on the street?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFerguson: For most of us, when we turn on the tap, water comes out with no trouble at all. Everybody just basically takes this for granted. Water is really, really cheap, and it should be because it’s a universal human right. Everybody needs water they can afford. But everybody who spends more than 15 minutes looking at the water industry knows it’s a really tough gig. And it’s practically invisible to the person on the street. It really is an unbelievable feat of engineering and dedication and everybody wanders around clueless about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So all of these innovations allow utilities to optimize. If you are saving money on energy or on chemicals or treatment, or if you can cut a six-step process down to two, all of those savings fall directly to the bottom line. That means there is more and more breathing space on the utilities balance sheet, reducing the likelihood of rate increases in the future.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essentially, the benefit to the person on the street is they get to keep on taking water for granted, rather than having bad impacts on their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What is the market like for water innovations these days?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFerguson: Water is still just grotesquely under-supported as an area of infrastructure and of the economy as a whole. There are a lot of headwinds. That said, for people who understand it and can figure it out, we think there are great opportunities for solid investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where water entrepreneurs run into challenges is in convincing investors this is the highest and best use of their capital. In water you have long sales cycles, a conservative industry and nowhere near the kind of federal support for other sectors, like energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everybody gets very excited about water when they hear as much as $1 trillion needs to be invested in water infrastructure before 2040. But the numbers in water don’t lie. I really do think it’s kind of America’s big time bomb. It’s overlooked relative to its importance in society, shall we say. It will turn. And when it does turn, the investors who have taken positions and taken time to understand this are in a position to do very well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/02/06/robotics-artificial-intelligence-make-headway-in-the-water-industry\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s ambitious goals for cutting greenhouse gas emissions are revving up the market for electric vehicles. And it’s not just cars anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a parking lot adjacent to — appropriately enough — Golden Gate Fields racetrack in Albany, an upstart company called \u003ca href=\"https://www.thortrucks.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thor Trucks\u003c/a> had its \u003ca href=\"http://www.thortrucks.com/et-one/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prototype tractor-trailer rig\u003c/a> doing laps for selected onlookers on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy freight is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving California’s greenhouse gas reductions for 2030 and 2050 (40 and 80 percent below 1990 levels, respectively). The biggest share of California’s climate emissions comes from transportation and as of 2015, heavy-duty vehicles (that would include buses) accounted for 7.4 percent of total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to start with heavy-duty vehicles for that exact reason,” says Giordano Sordoni, Thor’s chief operating officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People look at these vehicles and the weight that they move and the jobs that they do and think, you know, electric vehicles might not be capable of that,” reflects Sordoni. “And we’re proving that in fact, they are. They’re really powerful solutions that can provide the torque and performance, and even beat that of a traditional vehicle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bystanders, perhaps the most impressive thing about Thor’s ET-One demonstration rig is where it registers on the decibel meter; all you hear from under the hood of this full-size Class-8 tractor is an air compressor for the brakes. Underway, the rattling of the 51-foot trailer is louder than the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni says the biggest engineering challenges were finding the right battery array and developing the software that runs it all. With a range of 100-to-300 miles, the ET-One not quite ready for the long-haul. It’ll be aimed at local and regional duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might be a good fit for places like the Port of Oakland, which has been under pressure to reduce diesel exhaust from big rigs that are constantly roaming in and out hauling containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think now is a good time because battery costs have come down,” says Catherine Mukai, an environmental planner for the port, who attended the Thor demo for a test ride. “We’re seeing a lot more competition for Class-8 trucks in the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the demo, Thor executives offered to set up a demo day for port truckers. Sordoni wouldn’t say how many pre-orders Thor has for its promised production models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing well,” is all he’d allow. He’s seeking partnerships with other truck makers but it’s unclear what form those arrangements would take. While he asserted that, “We plan to build, badge and sell our own vehicles,” he added that, “While other startups in this space are eager to dive in and spend a billion dollars on a manufacturing facility and hope everything goes well, we want to take a more reasonable — maybe — approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thor is an upstart in the market, but its founders claim they’ll be ready to roll before \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2017/12/28/orders-pile-up-for-tesla-semi-that-doesnt-yet-exist-as-rival-electric-trucks-get-rolling/#1b0f3e554a0a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tesla’s much-anticipated Semi\u003c/a>, which is expected sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-13/this-electric-truck-will-probably-beat-tesla-s-to-market\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-founder Dakota Semler\u003c/a> are betting that fleet operators will quickly see the advantages of electrics over conventional diesel rigs, seeing savings in fuel, maintenance and compliance with California’s ever-tightening air quality regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are also maintenance savings,” he says, “when you go from an internal combustion engine that has 2,000 moving parts to an electric vehicle, which has 20.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are advantages for the drivers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the wheel was 42-year trucker Tom John, who is Thor’s regular demo driver. I had to ask him if he wouldn’t miss the macho roar of his own 600-hp Peterbilt rig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I would,” he sighed. “But you know what? I’m 80 percent deaf in this ear,” he said, pointing to his left ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could relate. When the local recycling truck roared past my window at 5:57 on Monday morning, I was more than ready for the electric age.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s ambitious goals for cutting greenhouse gas emissions are revving up the market for electric vehicles. And it’s not just cars anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a parking lot adjacent to — appropriately enough — Golden Gate Fields racetrack in Albany, an upstart company called \u003ca href=\"https://www.thortrucks.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thor Trucks\u003c/a> had its \u003ca href=\"http://www.thortrucks.com/et-one/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prototype tractor-trailer rig\u003c/a> doing laps for selected onlookers on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy freight is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving California’s greenhouse gas reductions for 2030 and 2050 (40 and 80 percent below 1990 levels, respectively). The biggest share of California’s climate emissions comes from transportation and as of 2015, heavy-duty vehicles (that would include buses) accounted for 7.4 percent of total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to start with heavy-duty vehicles for that exact reason,” says Giordano Sordoni, Thor’s chief operating officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People look at these vehicles and the weight that they move and the jobs that they do and think, you know, electric vehicles might not be capable of that,” reflects Sordoni. “And we’re proving that in fact, they are. They’re really powerful solutions that can provide the torque and performance, and even beat that of a traditional vehicle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bystanders, perhaps the most impressive thing about Thor’s ET-One demonstration rig is where it registers on the decibel meter; all you hear from under the hood of this full-size Class-8 tractor is an air compressor for the brakes. Underway, the rattling of the 51-foot trailer is louder than the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni says the biggest engineering challenges were finding the right battery array and developing the software that runs it all. With a range of 100-to-300 miles, the ET-One not quite ready for the long-haul. It’ll be aimed at local and regional duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might be a good fit for places like the Port of Oakland, which has been under pressure to reduce diesel exhaust from big rigs that are constantly roaming in and out hauling containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think now is a good time because battery costs have come down,” says Catherine Mukai, an environmental planner for the port, who attended the Thor demo for a test ride. “We’re seeing a lot more competition for Class-8 trucks in the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the demo, Thor executives offered to set up a demo day for port truckers. Sordoni wouldn’t say how many pre-orders Thor has for its promised production models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing well,” is all he’d allow. He’s seeking partnerships with other truck makers but it’s unclear what form those arrangements would take. While he asserted that, “We plan to build, badge and sell our own vehicles,” he added that, “While other startups in this space are eager to dive in and spend a billion dollars on a manufacturing facility and hope everything goes well, we want to take a more reasonable — maybe — approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thor is an upstart in the market, but its founders claim they’ll be ready to roll before \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2017/12/28/orders-pile-up-for-tesla-semi-that-doesnt-yet-exist-as-rival-electric-trucks-get-rolling/#1b0f3e554a0a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tesla’s much-anticipated Semi\u003c/a>, which is expected sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-13/this-electric-truck-will-probably-beat-tesla-s-to-market\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-founder Dakota Semler\u003c/a> are betting that fleet operators will quickly see the advantages of electrics over conventional diesel rigs, seeing savings in fuel, maintenance and compliance with California’s ever-tightening air quality regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are also maintenance savings,” he says, “when you go from an internal combustion engine that has 2,000 moving parts to an electric vehicle, which has 20.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are advantages for the drivers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the wheel was 42-year trucker Tom John, who is Thor’s regular demo driver. I had to ask him if he wouldn’t miss the macho roar of his own 600-hp Peterbilt rig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I would,” he sighed. “But you know what? I’m 80 percent deaf in this ear,” he said, pointing to his left ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could relate. When the local recycling truck roared past my window at 5:57 on Monday morning, I was more than ready for the electric age.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Forgotten Renewable: Geothermal Energy Production Heats Up In The Mojave",
"headTitle": "The Forgotten Renewable: Geothermal Energy Production Heats Up In The Mojave | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Three and a half hours east of Los Angeles lies the Salton Sea, a manmade oasis in the heart of the Mojave Desert. It was created in 1905, when a canal broke and the Colorado River flooded the desert for more than a year. The Sea became a \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/02/04/the_salton_sea_in_california_turned_from_a_relaxing_resort_to_an_apocalyptic.html\">tourist hotspot in the 1950’s\u003c/a>, perfect for swimming, boating, and kayaking. But now, people are coming here looking for something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Turner is the chief operating officer of Controlled Thermal Resources, an energy company from Australia. On a hill overlooking the Salton Sea, he points out a patch of land that will someday house his company’s first power plant, named \u003ca href=\"http://www.cthermal.com/\">Hell’s Kitchen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States,” he explains.[contextly_sidebar id=”PW8jPSzwpOdgDlIjMhDbfqBBqq0Q0O6c”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal energy uses the earth’s natural heat to create electricity. While there are several different ways to accomplish this, the most common is to take super-heated water from geothermal hot spots and pipe it to the surface. It then turns into steam and spins a turbine, which generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s completely renewable, and generates clean energy around the clock, unlike wind and solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think of renewable energy as a house, solar is the roof and the wind is the walls,” says Jason Czapla, principal engineer for Controlled Thermal Resources. “But geothermal’s the foundation, and what California did is it built the walls and the roof, but on wild, windy days it blows too much rain on the roof [and] that house falls down. Well, the Salton Sea is this opportunity for California to fix that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wants to develop 1,000 megawatts of electricity here over the next decade. They say that could power about 800,000 homes. And for a state that’s aiming to get \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-climate-change-renewable-energy-20151007-story.html\">half its electricity from renewable sources\u003c/a>, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our development coincides with the state’s target, 2030 being the ultimate goal getting to 50 percent,” says Czapla. “And our goal is to build up that 1,000 megawatts and help them increase the renewable energy portfolio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Williams, a geothermal expert at the U.S. Geological Survey, \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3082/\">published a report in 2008\u003c/a> in which he explained that there are \u003ca href=\"https://maps.nrel.gov/geothermal-prospector/?aL=AyQ4yd%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bd%255D%3D1&bL=clight&cE=0&lR=0&mC=48.37084770238366%2C-84.19921875&zL=4\">untapped geothermal reservoirs\u003c/a> throughout the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also elaborated on a developing technology that could drastically increase the amount of power the Earth can provide, called enhanced geothermal systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States.” \u003ccite>Jim Turner, Controlled Thermal Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In order for a reservoir to be able to provide geothermal energy, it has to have three things: heat, water, and permeability. In other words: hot, wet rock, with enough fractures in it to allow water to pass through. Enhanced geothermal systems is the process of taking areas with only one or two of those conditions – hot, dry rock with very little fractures, for example – and altering it to satisfy all three conditions. That could mean cracking underground rock to allow more water to pass through, or inserting water into the rockbed to be heated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says scientists and engineers are still working on the technology for enhanced geothermal systems, but if they are able to make it a reality, that could potentially open up thousands of megawatts of energy potential from new reservoirs. And that could someday take from the country’s current 3,000 megawatts of geothermal energy production to almost 500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To put that into perspective,” Williams says,” the entire electric power generating capacity in the United States is about a million megawatts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s that much clean energy just waiting in the ground, what’s taking so long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allyson Anderson Book directs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.americangeosciences.org/\">American Geosciences Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit network of geoscientists around the country. She says that geothermal energy has been historically overlooked as a renewable energy source, to the point that it is sometimes referred to as the “forgotten renewable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gaizwni8JqAsSnhH7rjG8xLqvnEkJahy”]Book says there are social and technical challenges that have kept geothermal from becoming a major player in the energy field. The technology is complex, and plants are expensive to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of different factors that play in,” Book says. “And so the Department of Energy right now is spending a lot of time and energy in something called the FORGE project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://energy.gov/eere/forge/forge-home\">FORGE project\u003c/a> is an Energy Department initiative that would create a dedicated test site for exploring enhanced geothermal systems. Currently, the proposed test site is in Fallon, Nev., where Sandia National Laboratories plans to set up a field where scientists can experiment with new geothermal technology. The idea is, if they can make enhanced geothermal systems a reality, then geothermal energy production around the country would skyrocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back at the Salton Sea, Controlled Thermal Resources isn’t waiting on new technology — it’s hoping to exploit what’s already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office in El Centro, Calif., CEO Rod Colwell plays an aerial video of the southern end of the Salton Sea, where the Hell’s Kitchen plant will go. It’s still in the permitting stages, and it’s going to cost a lot of money – around a billion dollars. But if it’s successful, Colwell plans to build more. He hopes to build enough plants to be able to produce 1,000 megawatts of electricity, which could power about 800,000 homes. And with California looking to phase out its use of fossil fuels, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly in California,” Colwell says, “we will not be able to import any carbon-fired energy after 2025. So it’s important that geothermal is that integral value in the mix.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal’s got a long way to go. But Colwell and others are betting that new technology and the demand for clean energy will someday bring this forgotten renewable to the forefront of clean power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 KVCR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvcrnews.org\">KVCR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Forgotten+Renewable%3A+Geothermal+Energy+Production+Heats+Up&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Three and a half hours east of Los Angeles lies the Salton Sea, a manmade oasis in the heart of the Mojave Desert. It was created in 1905, when a canal broke and the Colorado River flooded the desert for more than a year. The Sea became a \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/02/04/the_salton_sea_in_california_turned_from_a_relaxing_resort_to_an_apocalyptic.html\">tourist hotspot in the 1950’s\u003c/a>, perfect for swimming, boating, and kayaking. But now, people are coming here looking for something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Turner is the chief operating officer of Controlled Thermal Resources, an energy company from Australia. On a hill overlooking the Salton Sea, he points out a patch of land that will someday house his company’s first power plant, named \u003ca href=\"http://www.cthermal.com/\">Hell’s Kitchen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States,” he explains.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal energy uses the earth’s natural heat to create electricity. While there are several different ways to accomplish this, the most common is to take super-heated water from geothermal hot spots and pipe it to the surface. It then turns into steam and spins a turbine, which generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s completely renewable, and generates clean energy around the clock, unlike wind and solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think of renewable energy as a house, solar is the roof and the wind is the walls,” says Jason Czapla, principal engineer for Controlled Thermal Resources. “But geothermal’s the foundation, and what California did is it built the walls and the roof, but on wild, windy days it blows too much rain on the roof [and] that house falls down. Well, the Salton Sea is this opportunity for California to fix that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wants to develop 1,000 megawatts of electricity here over the next decade. They say that could power about 800,000 homes. And for a state that’s aiming to get \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-climate-change-renewable-energy-20151007-story.html\">half its electricity from renewable sources\u003c/a>, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our development coincides with the state’s target, 2030 being the ultimate goal getting to 50 percent,” says Czapla. “And our goal is to build up that 1,000 megawatts and help them increase the renewable energy portfolio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Williams, a geothermal expert at the U.S. Geological Survey, \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3082/\">published a report in 2008\u003c/a> in which he explained that there are \u003ca href=\"https://maps.nrel.gov/geothermal-prospector/?aL=AyQ4yd%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bd%255D%3D1&bL=clight&cE=0&lR=0&mC=48.37084770238366%2C-84.19921875&zL=4\">untapped geothermal reservoirs\u003c/a> throughout the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also elaborated on a developing technology that could drastically increase the amount of power the Earth can provide, called enhanced geothermal systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States.” \u003ccite>Jim Turner, Controlled Thermal Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In order for a reservoir to be able to provide geothermal energy, it has to have three things: heat, water, and permeability. In other words: hot, wet rock, with enough fractures in it to allow water to pass through. Enhanced geothermal systems is the process of taking areas with only one or two of those conditions – hot, dry rock with very little fractures, for example – and altering it to satisfy all three conditions. That could mean cracking underground rock to allow more water to pass through, or inserting water into the rockbed to be heated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says scientists and engineers are still working on the technology for enhanced geothermal systems, but if they are able to make it a reality, that could potentially open up thousands of megawatts of energy potential from new reservoirs. And that could someday take from the country’s current 3,000 megawatts of geothermal energy production to almost 500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To put that into perspective,” Williams says,” the entire electric power generating capacity in the United States is about a million megawatts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s that much clean energy just waiting in the ground, what’s taking so long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allyson Anderson Book directs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.americangeosciences.org/\">American Geosciences Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit network of geoscientists around the country. She says that geothermal energy has been historically overlooked as a renewable energy source, to the point that it is sometimes referred to as the “forgotten renewable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Book says there are social and technical challenges that have kept geothermal from becoming a major player in the energy field. The technology is complex, and plants are expensive to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of different factors that play in,” Book says. “And so the Department of Energy right now is spending a lot of time and energy in something called the FORGE project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://energy.gov/eere/forge/forge-home\">FORGE project\u003c/a> is an Energy Department initiative that would create a dedicated test site for exploring enhanced geothermal systems. Currently, the proposed test site is in Fallon, Nev., where Sandia National Laboratories plans to set up a field where scientists can experiment with new geothermal technology. The idea is, if they can make enhanced geothermal systems a reality, then geothermal energy production around the country would skyrocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back at the Salton Sea, Controlled Thermal Resources isn’t waiting on new technology — it’s hoping to exploit what’s already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office in El Centro, Calif., CEO Rod Colwell plays an aerial video of the southern end of the Salton Sea, where the Hell’s Kitchen plant will go. It’s still in the permitting stages, and it’s going to cost a lot of money – around a billion dollars. But if it’s successful, Colwell plans to build more. He hopes to build enough plants to be able to produce 1,000 megawatts of electricity, which could power about 800,000 homes. And with California looking to phase out its use of fossil fuels, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly in California,” Colwell says, “we will not be able to import any carbon-fired energy after 2025. So it’s important that geothermal is that integral value in the mix.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal’s got a long way to go. But Colwell and others are betting that new technology and the demand for clean energy will someday bring this forgotten renewable to the forefront of clean power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 KVCR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvcrnews.org\">KVCR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Forgotten+Renewable%3A+Geothermal+Energy+Production+Heats+Up&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Wine Lovers: Relax, Study Suggests Calif. Grapevines Can Weather Searing Drought",
"headTitle": "Wine Lovers: Relax, Study Suggests Calif. Grapevines Can Weather Searing Drought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The drought could be crippling, but the wine will be good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the happy conclusion of a study published today in the journal, \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/1/eaao6969\">Science\u003c/a>. It turns out that the grapevine is hardier than anyone thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who looked at vineyards in California’s Napa Valley and the Bordeaux region of France found that in times of drought, the grapevine’s resistance actually increased as the season progressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted over a period of ten years, found that the grapevines were not at risk of dying from “even very dry conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means farmers may not need to water their vineyards as much as previously thought during a dry spell. It also could mean better-tasting wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'”\u003ccite>Gregory Gambetta, Bordeaux Sciences Agro\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the triggers of ripening occurs when stress is present such as a dry spell,” says Paul Skinner, a co-author of the study and a vineyard consultant at Vineyard Investigations. “It serves to slow down the growth of the vine vegetatively and when the vine stops growing, that is directly connected to the ripening of the fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study sets the practical limits of when grapevines die without water, says Skinner. “This is about trying to figure out how to manage vines during periods of drought. We need to know what these limits are in order to manage risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are a boost for California vineyards, which produce nearly 90 percent of all American wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Business\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wine sector is an economic powerhouse for the state and threats stemming from climate change could spell serious trouble for California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/files/Wine%20Institute%20Economic%20Impact%20Highlights%202016.pdf\">issued\u003c/a> in 2016 by the Wine Institute, the industry contributes $57.6 billion annually to the local economy and employs about 325,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State’s renowned vineyards also attract some 24 million tourists annually, generating $7.2 billion in revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During severe droughts, plants often die from embolism. It occurs when plants are deprived of water, causing tension in the plant as it starts to convert water into gas. The resulting air bubbles impede the passage of water within the plant, causing it to increase in thirst and potentially die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When plants are well watered, they will never experience embolism,” Skinner told KQED. “It’s a result of extreme drought. And a purpose of this study was to quantify what the threshold is for mortality in a grapevine during a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though total precipitation might not decrease with California’s changing climate, scientists say to expect more severe droughts when they do occur. The study looked at what levels of drought would be enough to cause a degree of embolism sufficient to kill grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at the level of drought and we looked at Napa and found that their vines never reach that level,” says Gregory Gambetta, a professor of viticulture at Bordeaux Sciences Agro and the study’s principle investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the world grapples with climate change, knowing what these thresholds are is of critical importance to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'” explains Gambetta. “Will vines survive and bounce back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving Grapes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skinner says the study will also allow farmers to adopt techniques to weather climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might prove to be very valuable for land owners who do not want to lose their physical vineyards and plant something else,” he suggests. “I think it will lead to more refinements in what we do, rather than major changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta adds that vineyards are normally productive for twenty to forty years and require a significant amount of financial investment. The study’s findings suggest that farmers might not have to abandon their crop during a dry spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, during these drought periods,” he says, “farmers regulate the amount of water they get and sometimes they make decisions to essentially whip out vineyards, thinking they will probably die anyway. So there is question of, ‘Did they have to?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta cautions, however, that the study’s findings do not mean farmers should stop watering their vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It simply sets thresholds that we did not know before, that we could not quantify precisely,” he points out. “Now, we can say that these are the levels of stress that vines can endure during a period of drought. That sets a bar for farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the vines were very resilient and we now know what range we are operating in,” adds Skinner. “Hopefully we can find ways to save water by adopting some of the information in this study as a guide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while researchers still have some important questions concerning to what extent vines can repair themselves and recover, farmers now at least have actual numbers to work with when determining how to ration resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how you ration your wine, you’re on your own.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The drought could be crippling, but the wine will be good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the happy conclusion of a study published today in the journal, \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/1/eaao6969\">Science\u003c/a>. It turns out that the grapevine is hardier than anyone thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who looked at vineyards in California’s Napa Valley and the Bordeaux region of France found that in times of drought, the grapevine’s resistance actually increased as the season progressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted over a period of ten years, found that the grapevines were not at risk of dying from “even very dry conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means farmers may not need to water their vineyards as much as previously thought during a dry spell. It also could mean better-tasting wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'”\u003ccite>Gregory Gambetta, Bordeaux Sciences Agro\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the triggers of ripening occurs when stress is present such as a dry spell,” says Paul Skinner, a co-author of the study and a vineyard consultant at Vineyard Investigations. “It serves to slow down the growth of the vine vegetatively and when the vine stops growing, that is directly connected to the ripening of the fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study sets the practical limits of when grapevines die without water, says Skinner. “This is about trying to figure out how to manage vines during periods of drought. We need to know what these limits are in order to manage risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are a boost for California vineyards, which produce nearly 90 percent of all American wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Business\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wine sector is an economic powerhouse for the state and threats stemming from climate change could spell serious trouble for California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/files/Wine%20Institute%20Economic%20Impact%20Highlights%202016.pdf\">issued\u003c/a> in 2016 by the Wine Institute, the industry contributes $57.6 billion annually to the local economy and employs about 325,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State’s renowned vineyards also attract some 24 million tourists annually, generating $7.2 billion in revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During severe droughts, plants often die from embolism. It occurs when plants are deprived of water, causing tension in the plant as it starts to convert water into gas. The resulting air bubbles impede the passage of water within the plant, causing it to increase in thirst and potentially die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When plants are well watered, they will never experience embolism,” Skinner told KQED. “It’s a result of extreme drought. And a purpose of this study was to quantify what the threshold is for mortality in a grapevine during a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though total precipitation might not decrease with California’s changing climate, scientists say to expect more severe droughts when they do occur. The study looked at what levels of drought would be enough to cause a degree of embolism sufficient to kill grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at the level of drought and we looked at Napa and found that their vines never reach that level,” says Gregory Gambetta, a professor of viticulture at Bordeaux Sciences Agro and the study’s principle investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the world grapples with climate change, knowing what these thresholds are is of critical importance to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'” explains Gambetta. “Will vines survive and bounce back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving Grapes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skinner says the study will also allow farmers to adopt techniques to weather climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might prove to be very valuable for land owners who do not want to lose their physical vineyards and plant something else,” he suggests. “I think it will lead to more refinements in what we do, rather than major changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta adds that vineyards are normally productive for twenty to forty years and require a significant amount of financial investment. The study’s findings suggest that farmers might not have to abandon their crop during a dry spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, during these drought periods,” he says, “farmers regulate the amount of water they get and sometimes they make decisions to essentially whip out vineyards, thinking they will probably die anyway. So there is question of, ‘Did they have to?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta cautions, however, that the study’s findings do not mean farmers should stop watering their vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It simply sets thresholds that we did not know before, that we could not quantify precisely,” he points out. “Now, we can say that these are the levels of stress that vines can endure during a period of drought. That sets a bar for farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the vines were very resilient and we now know what range we are operating in,” adds Skinner. “Hopefully we can find ways to save water by adopting some of the information in this study as a guide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while researchers still have some important questions concerning to what extent vines can repair themselves and recover, farmers now at least have actual numbers to work with when determining how to ration resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how you ration your wine, you’re on your own.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "could-lowly-seagrass-save-the-100-million-oyster-biz-from-climate-change",
"title": "The Lowly Seagrass That Could Save Your Oysters From Climate Change",
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"headTitle": "The Lowly Seagrass That Could Save Your Oysters From Climate Change | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The impacts of climate change aren’t a distant threat for the Pacific shellfish industry. Acidifying seawater is already causing problems for oyster farms along the West Coast and it’s only expected to get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has one Bay Area oyster farm looking for ways to adapt by teaming up with scientists, who are studying how the local ecosystem could lend a helping hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need help,” says Terry Sawyer of Hog Island Oyster Company. “That ‘canary in a coalmine’ analogy drives me crazy, but that’s what we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve got to move on this and we need help.’\u003ccite>Terry Sawyer, Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>By that, he means that oysters are an “indicator species” on the frying edge of a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer’s own natural habitat is on the mudflats of Tomales Bay, about 50 miles north of San Francisco, where his oyster operation is located. But a few years ago, he started going to climate change conferences, sitting next to scientists and policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon chemistry is incredibly sophisticated, complicated science,” he says. “I am definitely out of my element — out of my comfort zone. I’d rather be in shorts and no shoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sawyer, these wonky affairs are a necessity. Like a lot of oyster farmers, he buys baby oysters from hatcheries in Oregon and Washington. But starting a decade ago, the hatcheries began having mysterious die-offs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The orders that we were getting – if we were getting them at all, they wouldn’t necessarily happen at the time or the size that we could take them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919016\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-800x704.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-800x704.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-160x141.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-768x676.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-1020x898.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-1180x1039.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-960x845.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-240x211.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-375x330.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-520x458.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2.jpg 1823w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terry Sawyer of Hog Island Oyster Company examines a bag of fresh oysters. He sells to both restaurants and individual retail customers. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists eventually identified the main culprit: increasingly acidic seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Carbon Sponge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least a quarter of the carbon humans put into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels is absorbed by the ocean. It acts like a carbon sponge, but adding carbon to seawater makes it more acidic. Since the start of the Industrial Revolution, the oceans have become about 30 percent more acidic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s harmful for animals that build shells, like oysters, and spells big trouble for the Pacific shellfish industry, worth more than $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want to curl up in a fetal position,” says Sawyer. “You do want to say, ‘We’ve got to move on this and we need help.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer found some help by opening up his oyster farm to a team of scientists. Equipment monitors the water’s acidity in real time, part of a network run by UC Davis’s Bodega Marine Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was a significant move: knowing what’s going on day-to-day, minute-by-minute,” he says. “And it’s also been proving the point. We have numbers you can’t argue with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1919014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists like Kristy Kroeker (left) from UC Santa Cruz are looking to seagrass as a natural acidification remedy. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hog Island is opening its own oyster hatchery in Humboldt Bay, 200 miles to the north, to improve the reliability of the supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oyster farm is also assisting with cutting-edge scientific research, focused on how oysters could get a boost from native plants in Tomales Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Acid Test\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a sunny morning, a team of scientists is scuba-diving in a shallow part of the bay, surrounded by thick, green seagrass, waving in the current.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re down in it, it really feels like you’re in a forest of seagrass,” says Kristy Kroeke, a marine biologist at UC Santa Cruz. “It’s quite long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seagrass is a glimmer of hope for oyster farmers. Plants, whether it’s a forest or lawn, take up carbon dioxide and use it for photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plants under the water are doing the exact same thing,” Kroeker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919015\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919015\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-800x665.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-800x665.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-160x133.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-768x638.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-1020x848.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-1180x981.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-960x798.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-240x199.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-375x312.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-520x432.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3.jpg 1795w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seagrasses from Tomales Bay. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The seagrass pulls the carbon out of the water, which makes it slightly less acidic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially, they’re creating this little bubble of seawater around them that’s more friendly for animals that might be threatened by ocean acidification,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroeker is testing whether seagrasses could act as a buffer, protecting the oysters nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She plants mesh bags of baby oysters in the seagrass bed, which she’ll be watching in the months to come. So far, the results look promising, but not necessarily the whole answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seagrass can reduce acidification around it, but possibly only in certain locations or at certain times of year. More research will be needed, Kroeker says, but against a global problem, local approaches have a lot of potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we use parts of nature that we already know are important,” she wonders, “seagrasses – to actually benefit people and protect them from some of these impacts?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is being studied around the world in different ecosystems, including near coral reefs, and using bigger marine plants, like kelp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, it’ll be up to oyster farmers like Terry Sawyer to make the research work on the ground – or, in the water. He’s hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From an aquaculture point of view, you bet I’m hopeful,” Sawyer says. “Maybe I’m being idealistic here, but we’re learning so much. We’re just at the tip of the iceberg on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "The Lowly Seagrass That Could Save Your Oysters From Climate Change | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The impacts of climate change aren’t a distant threat for the Pacific shellfish industry. Acidifying seawater is already causing problems for oyster farms along the West Coast and it’s only expected to get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has one Bay Area oyster farm looking for ways to adapt by teaming up with scientists, who are studying how the local ecosystem could lend a helping hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need help,” says Terry Sawyer of Hog Island Oyster Company. “That ‘canary in a coalmine’ analogy drives me crazy, but that’s what we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve got to move on this and we need help.’\u003ccite>Terry Sawyer, Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>By that, he means that oysters are an “indicator species” on the frying edge of a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer’s own natural habitat is on the mudflats of Tomales Bay, about 50 miles north of San Francisco, where his oyster operation is located. But a few years ago, he started going to climate change conferences, sitting next to scientists and policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon chemistry is incredibly sophisticated, complicated science,” he says. “I am definitely out of my element — out of my comfort zone. I’d rather be in shorts and no shoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sawyer, these wonky affairs are a necessity. Like a lot of oyster farmers, he buys baby oysters from hatcheries in Oregon and Washington. But starting a decade ago, the hatcheries began having mysterious die-offs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The orders that we were getting – if we were getting them at all, they wouldn’t necessarily happen at the time or the size that we could take them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919016\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-800x704.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-800x704.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-160x141.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-768x676.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-1020x898.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-1180x1039.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-960x845.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-240x211.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-375x330.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-520x458.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2.jpg 1823w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terry Sawyer of Hog Island Oyster Company examines a bag of fresh oysters. He sells to both restaurants and individual retail customers. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists eventually identified the main culprit: increasingly acidic seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Carbon Sponge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least a quarter of the carbon humans put into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels is absorbed by the ocean. It acts like a carbon sponge, but adding carbon to seawater makes it more acidic. Since the start of the Industrial Revolution, the oceans have become about 30 percent more acidic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s harmful for animals that build shells, like oysters, and spells big trouble for the Pacific shellfish industry, worth more than $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want to curl up in a fetal position,” says Sawyer. “You do want to say, ‘We’ve got to move on this and we need help.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer found some help by opening up his oyster farm to a team of scientists. Equipment monitors the water’s acidity in real time, part of a network run by UC Davis’s Bodega Marine Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was a significant move: knowing what’s going on day-to-day, minute-by-minute,” he says. “And it’s also been proving the point. We have numbers you can’t argue with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1919014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists like Kristy Kroeker (left) from UC Santa Cruz are looking to seagrass as a natural acidification remedy. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hog Island is opening its own oyster hatchery in Humboldt Bay, 200 miles to the north, to improve the reliability of the supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oyster farm is also assisting with cutting-edge scientific research, focused on how oysters could get a boost from native plants in Tomales Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Acid Test\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a sunny morning, a team of scientists is scuba-diving in a shallow part of the bay, surrounded by thick, green seagrass, waving in the current.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re down in it, it really feels like you’re in a forest of seagrass,” says Kristy Kroeke, a marine biologist at UC Santa Cruz. “It’s quite long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seagrass is a glimmer of hope for oyster farmers. Plants, whether it’s a forest or lawn, take up carbon dioxide and use it for photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plants under the water are doing the exact same thing,” Kroeker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919015\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919015\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-800x665.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-800x665.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-160x133.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-768x638.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-1020x848.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-1180x981.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-960x798.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-240x199.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-375x312.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-520x432.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3.jpg 1795w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seagrasses from Tomales Bay. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The seagrass pulls the carbon out of the water, which makes it slightly less acidic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially, they’re creating this little bubble of seawater around them that’s more friendly for animals that might be threatened by ocean acidification,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroeker is testing whether seagrasses could act as a buffer, protecting the oysters nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She plants mesh bags of baby oysters in the seagrass bed, which she’ll be watching in the months to come. So far, the results look promising, but not necessarily the whole answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seagrass can reduce acidification around it, but possibly only in certain locations or at certain times of year. More research will be needed, Kroeker says, but against a global problem, local approaches have a lot of potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we use parts of nature that we already know are important,” she wonders, “seagrasses – to actually benefit people and protect them from some of these impacts?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is being studied around the world in different ecosystems, including near coral reefs, and using bigger marine plants, like kelp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, it’ll be up to oyster farmers like Terry Sawyer to make the research work on the ground – or, in the water. He’s hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From an aquaculture point of view, you bet I’m hopeful,” Sawyer says. “Maybe I’m being idealistic here, but we’re learning so much. We’re just at the tip of the iceberg on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Sets Bold New Target for 'Zero-Emission' Vehicles",
"headTitle": "California Sets Bold New Target for ‘Zero-Emission’ Vehicles | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California is significantly upping the ante in its quest to get more electric cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his final State-of-the-State address this week, Governor Jerry Brown laid out the state’s ambitions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Then, he dropped something startling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To meet these ambitious goals,” Brown tossed out almost casually, “we’ll need five million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030, and we’re gonna get there, believe me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Brown’s administration made it official with \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=20151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an executive order\u003c/a> setting that as the state’s new target for ZEVs, which includes fuel-cell vehicles and electric vehicles. (Plug-in hybrid cars count, though they’re technically not zero-emissions when their gas engines are engaged.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That represents a significant jump from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/can-california-hit-15m-zero-emission-vehicles-by-2025/441020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state’s previous goal\u003c/a> of 1.5 million by 2025, and it’s nearly 15 times the number currently roaming the state — a fact that the governor acknowledged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We only have 350,000 today, so we all got a lot of work,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number is slightly less than that, according to the climate-and-economics think tank, \u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Next 10\u003c/a>. Its founder, Noel Perry, says the actual the number of ZEVs in circulation in California is just above 337,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sales are growing rapidly in California and we’re on a very good roll,” says Perry. “If we continue going the way we’re going, who knows?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry has more than an inkling. Next 10 has been preparing a report on prospects for meeting the pre-existing 2025 goal. It was scheduled for release next week, though the governor might’ve just sent Perry’s staff back to the drawing board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A previous analysis by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory concluded that to meet the state’s ambitious greenhouse gas reduction goal for 2050, the majority of vehicles on the road will need to be electric. That will require not only that electric car sales continue to grow, but that the infrastructure to support them grows along with that. Brown’s order includes a proposal to spur both car sales and infrastructure with a $2.5 billion investment that includes eight more years of incentives for car buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lagged behind in terms of creating the number of charging stations that we need,” says Perry, whose research counts 16,500 commercial and public charging stations in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And although this is the most in the nation by far,” notes Perry, if you look at the ratio of charging outlets per California ZEV, we’re at the very, very low end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that has deterred Governor Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was built on dreams and perseverance,” he said, “and the bolder path is still our way forward.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "California Sets Bold New Target for 'Zero-Emission' Vehicles",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is significantly upping the ante in its quest to get more electric cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his final State-of-the-State address this week, Governor Jerry Brown laid out the state’s ambitions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Then, he dropped something startling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To meet these ambitious goals,” Brown tossed out almost casually, “we’ll need five million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030, and we’re gonna get there, believe me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Brown’s administration made it official with \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=20151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an executive order\u003c/a> setting that as the state’s new target for ZEVs, which includes fuel-cell vehicles and electric vehicles. (Plug-in hybrid cars count, though they’re technically not zero-emissions when their gas engines are engaged.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That represents a significant jump from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/can-california-hit-15m-zero-emission-vehicles-by-2025/441020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state’s previous goal\u003c/a> of 1.5 million by 2025, and it’s nearly 15 times the number currently roaming the state — a fact that the governor acknowledged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We only have 350,000 today, so we all got a lot of work,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number is slightly less than that, according to the climate-and-economics think tank, \u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Next 10\u003c/a>. Its founder, Noel Perry, says the actual the number of ZEVs in circulation in California is just above 337,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sales are growing rapidly in California and we’re on a very good roll,” says Perry. “If we continue going the way we’re going, who knows?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry has more than an inkling. Next 10 has been preparing a report on prospects for meeting the pre-existing 2025 goal. It was scheduled for release next week, though the governor might’ve just sent Perry’s staff back to the drawing board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A previous analysis by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory concluded that to meet the state’s ambitious greenhouse gas reduction goal for 2050, the majority of vehicles on the road will need to be electric. That will require not only that electric car sales continue to grow, but that the infrastructure to support them grows along with that. Brown’s order includes a proposal to spur both car sales and infrastructure with a $2.5 billion investment that includes eight more years of incentives for car buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lagged behind in terms of creating the number of charging stations that we need,” says Perry, whose research counts 16,500 commercial and public charging stations in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And although this is the most in the nation by far,” notes Perry, if you look at the ratio of charging outlets per California ZEV, we’re at the very, very low end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that has deterred Governor Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was built on dreams and perseverance,” he said, “and the bolder path is still our way forward.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bears Burned in California Wildfires Go Holistic for Pain",
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"content": "\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Veterinarians successfully used alternative medical treatments such as acupuncture on three wild animals burned in the Southern California wildfires, although one patient — a 5-month-old mountain lion — did keep eating his fish-skin and corn-husk bandages, vets at the University of California, Davis said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We made little spring rolls with their feet,’ \u003ccite>Jamie Peyton, veterinarian\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rescuers brought two adult bears, one of them pregnant, and the young mountain lion to veterinarians with the state Department of Fish and Wildlife and the university after the animals were hurt in the largest wildfire in state history. They were found in the Los Padres National Forest, whose mountains stretch through badly burned areas of Santa Barbara and Ventura counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919051\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1919051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg\" alt=\"Two red burned paws.\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bear brought to CDFW Wildlife Investigations Lab has severe third-degree burns on its paw. \u003ccite>(Karin Higgins / UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bears had suffered third-degree burns on all their paws, said Jamie Peyton, chief of the Integrative Medicine Service at the university’s vet school. The cub also burned all four paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standard pain treatment is a problem for both the animals and their caregivers when it comes to wildlife with sharp teeth and claws, Peyton said. For safety, vets have to heavily sedate the animals every time they change their bandages or otherwise care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can only anesthetize them so many times,” Peyton said. “It’s hard on them. We can’t do that to them every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919055\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919055 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear's paw.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992.jpg 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear’s paw. \u003ccite>(California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Putting pain pills in food also is problematic, because there’s no guarantee the animals will eat them, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Peyton and her colleagues used some of the alternative methods she already employs with other animals, including acupuncture, chiropractic treatment, and cold-laser therapy. Many health-insurance companies consider some of the treatments experimental or unproven, and do not always cover their costs in human patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vets carried out the alternative treatments only on days when the bears and mountain lion were already anesthetized for bandage changes or other standard care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I adore them, but they’re wild,” Peyton explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Oz3EB5AUpQA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another form of treatment seemed most helpful of all for the bears, vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California vets stitched the fish skins to the animals’ burned paws, then wrapped the treated feet with bandages of rice paper and corn husks, after reading about trials on human burn victims in Brazil that placed treated skins from tilapia, a ubiquitous species of fish, on burn victims to soothe pain and promote healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”UkQdjT9kYfvdTUffvcdUxSjpg2htpbmj”]Doctors routinely graft skin from humans and pigs to burns, but fish skins have the advantage of being more readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made little spring rolls with their feet,” Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ordinary cloth bandages can block animals’ intestines if the animals eat them, which they often do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919054\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919054 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Bear paw with fish skin on it. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bears being treated by Dr. Laura Peyton, Chief of Integrated medicine at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife on January 8, 2017. Peyton fit biologic bandages made from tilapia skin onto the badly burned paw pads of the bears.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the bears initially laid down continuously to spare her burned paws, not wanting to stand or walk at all, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the first time we put the bandages on, she woke up, she stood up,” and showed interest in her surroundings, she said. Both bears were soon walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results argue for more trials of the fish skins for burns, the vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After weeks of treatment, wildlife officials released the bears back into the burned Los Padres National Forest last week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Veterinarians successfully used alternative medical treatments such as acupuncture on three wild animals burned in the Southern California wildfires, although one patient — a 5-month-old mountain lion — did keep eating his fish-skin and corn-husk bandages, vets at the University of California, Davis said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We made little spring rolls with their feet,’ \u003ccite>Jamie Peyton, veterinarian\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rescuers brought two adult bears, one of them pregnant, and the young mountain lion to veterinarians with the state Department of Fish and Wildlife and the university after the animals were hurt in the largest wildfire in state history. They were found in the Los Padres National Forest, whose mountains stretch through badly burned areas of Santa Barbara and Ventura counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919051\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1919051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg\" alt=\"Two red burned paws.\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bear brought to CDFW Wildlife Investigations Lab has severe third-degree burns on its paw. \u003ccite>(Karin Higgins / UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bears had suffered third-degree burns on all their paws, said Jamie Peyton, chief of the Integrative Medicine Service at the university’s vet school. The cub also burned all four paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standard pain treatment is a problem for both the animals and their caregivers when it comes to wildlife with sharp teeth and claws, Peyton said. For safety, vets have to heavily sedate the animals every time they change their bandages or otherwise care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can only anesthetize them so many times,” Peyton said. “It’s hard on them. We can’t do that to them every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919055\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919055 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear's paw.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992.jpg 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear’s paw. \u003ccite>(California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Putting pain pills in food also is problematic, because there’s no guarantee the animals will eat them, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Peyton and her colleagues used some of the alternative methods she already employs with other animals, including acupuncture, chiropractic treatment, and cold-laser therapy. Many health-insurance companies consider some of the treatments experimental or unproven, and do not always cover their costs in human patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vets carried out the alternative treatments only on days when the bears and mountain lion were already anesthetized for bandage changes or other standard care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I adore them, but they’re wild,” Peyton explained.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Oz3EB5AUpQA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Oz3EB5AUpQA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Another form of treatment seemed most helpful of all for the bears, vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California vets stitched the fish skins to the animals’ burned paws, then wrapped the treated feet with bandages of rice paper and corn husks, after reading about trials on human burn victims in Brazil that placed treated skins from tilapia, a ubiquitous species of fish, on burn victims to soothe pain and promote healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Doctors routinely graft skin from humans and pigs to burns, but fish skins have the advantage of being more readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made little spring rolls with their feet,” Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ordinary cloth bandages can block animals’ intestines if the animals eat them, which they often do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919054\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919054 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Bear paw with fish skin on it. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bears being treated by Dr. Laura Peyton, Chief of Integrated medicine at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife on January 8, 2017. Peyton fit biologic bandages made from tilapia skin onto the badly burned paw pads of the bears.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the bears initially laid down continuously to spare her burned paws, not wanting to stand or walk at all, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the first time we put the bandages on, she woke up, she stood up,” and showed interest in her surroundings, she said. Both bears were soon walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results argue for more trials of the fish skins for burns, the vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After weeks of treatment, wildlife officials released the bears back into the burned Los Padres National Forest last week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Here’s a sobering thought:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies have shown that as we look out to 2030, global demand for water is expected to outstrip supply by 40 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So says Brooke Barton with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CERES, a Boston-based non-profit\u003c/a> that helps businesses build sustainability into their work, including water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, that’s a challenge that’s just not on the radar of a lot of companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s surprising how many companies and manufacturing facilities around the world aren’t even measuring how much water they use,” Barton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CERES is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/campaigns/connect-the-drops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trying to change that\u003c/a>, by tracking food companies’ progress using less water, and by appealing to their self-interest; tracking and cutting water use can save corporations a lot of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Especially in some areas where we produce, water is a challenge. Water is a premium.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Bart Sights, Levi Strauss\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Barton says that message is getting through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing is a growing cadre of companies who are shifting direction and elevating this as a priority in their business,” says Barton, who highlighted Levi’s and PepsiCo as two examples of corporate leaders in water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PepsiCo produces many types of beverages – including Gatorade – as well as many types of chips like Cheetos, Ruffles, and Tostitos. At a massive Gatorade facility just outside of Phoenix, in the city of Tolleson, Arizona, bottling lines fill 600 containers per minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing grape, we’re doing fruit punch, we’re doing lemon lime,” says Tim Carey, who directs sustainability programs for PepsiCo Beverages in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey says the company started investing in water efficiency four years ago in water-scarce Arizona. Since then, they’ve seen a 24 percent reduction in water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918758\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918758\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-800x612.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-800x612.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-768x588.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-1180x903.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-960x735.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-240x184.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-375x287.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-520x398.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PepsiCo is now saving $1.5 million annually at its Gatorade processing facility in Tolleson, AZ and using 24 percent less water. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s about a hundred million gallons of water that were used in 2013 every year that we do not use this year,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates into $1.5 million of annual cost savings, music to the ears of Carey’s corporate bosses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how’d Pepsi do it? It starts with cleaning all those empty bottles. Water is out; air is in. Pulses of air remove dust particles from sterilized bottles.\u003cdel>\u003c/del>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another water-saving step: more efficient filtering of the water used in\u003cdel>\u003c/del> Gatorade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Originally we would just do a single pass-through, reverse osmosis. We’d use the clean water in our operation and the rest would go to drain,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water is now re-captured and cleaned again. Previously, Pepsi recovered 80 percent of the water used here; now they recover 87 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water and Power\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepsi’s next trick can be found on the rooftop. Carey opens a hatch and emerges into the bright Arizona sun. “On top of this roof we have a field of solar panels that covers about 700,000 square feet,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s like 12 football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just what do solar panels have to do with saving water? It goes back to the local utility. Most power plants use tremendous amounts of water to generate electricity, boiling water to create steam or using water as a coolant. The less power Pepsi draws from the grid, the less water is used at the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And because we’re all in the same watershed, we’re saving water in Arizona in the watershed that supplies us,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dXijkgRA7cTCewDbD8hiOv3rz12YXaBH”]That, in turn, helps maintain the long-term viability of Pepsi’s operations in Tolleson. Pepsi is also working with The Nature Conservancy in Arizona and elsewhere, experimenting with ways to replenish local watersheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond Arizona, Pepsi has set a goal to reduce its water use an additional 25 percent by 2025 (compared to 2015) at all its food and beverage facilities worldwide. By that same year, the company plans to replenish 100 percent of the water it uses in manufacturing operations in high-risk water areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepsi may be leading the way, but what it’s doing isn’t exactly splitting the atom. So why are corporations like PepsiCo just making these changes now? Why weren’t these things done 25 years ago?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey says water has long been cheap and CEO’s just didn’t think about sustainability as a business advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People didn’t say, ‘Oh what can I do to save water?’ she says. “Second thing is they probably did what I call ‘the gross stuff.’ They did the big water savings projects, which were fairly obvious. We’re at the precision scale now where we say: How can we tune our operations? How can we buy equipment and make it operate just perfectly?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenges will be different for just about every plant, in just about every industry, but more companies are at least asking the questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wet Jeans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider Levi’s, where, strange as it might seem, water is a main ingredient for blue jeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This team is charged with coming up with new techniques every day,” says Bart Sights, who runs Levi Strauss & Co.’s “Eureka” lab near downtown San Francisco. “It’s time, temperature, pressure, mixture…”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab is a miniature factory at the forefront of denim technology. Hundreds of pairs of prototypes are stacked along the walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918761\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918761\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-800x594.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-768x570.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-240x178.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-375x278.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-520x386.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeans hanging in the Levi Strauss “reference library.” Many colors and patterns are created with water. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Each jean has a recipe,” he says. “It’s very similar to cooking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeans all start out with the same basic ingredient: dark denim fabric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Up until forty years or so ago, jeans were sold like this,” Sights says. “They were stiff and scratchy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, consumers choose from a huge variety: light, dark, faded, pre-shrunk, stone-washed. And those variations are created with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has several rows of washing machines, but at a full-scale Levi’s factory, each machine washes 300 pairs of jeans at a time. To get the right color and texture, some jeans are washed over and over, which uses a lot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a few years ago, the company developed machines that use ozone gas instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It reduces the color from something dark to something light without using very much water at all,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi Strauss has developed about a dozen other waterless techniques with the goal to use them in 80 percent of its products by 2020. That means rolling them out to factories around the world, from Egypt to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company hasn’t quantified how much water it plans to save but so far, it reports having saved \u003ca href=\"http://www.levistrauss.com/sustainability/planet/water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 200 million gallons\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To use less water is usually less expensive,” Sights says. “Especially in some areas where we produce, [where] water is a challenge. Water is a premium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thirsty Crop\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, most of the water in your jeans comes from growing the cotton itself, a notoriously thirsty crop. Levi’s doesn’t grow it, but \u003cstrong>is\u003c/strong> working on ways to reduce that water demand too, including sourcing fabric from the Better Cotton Initiative, which works with farmers to reduce water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s all the water that jeans use after we buy them, which makes up about a quarter of their total water footprint. Levi’s has found that Americans use more water to wash our jeans than consumers in Europe or China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among hard-core lovers of 501s, there is a movement to never wash their jeans, to develop a personalized patina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[For] true connoisseurs and aficionados, it’s the ultimate form of self-expression for people,” Sights says. “I never wash my jeans. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for everyone else, Sights has an easier option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we could just convince people in America to wash their jeans only every five times they wear them, that would move the needle.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here’s a sobering thought:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies have shown that as we look out to 2030, global demand for water is expected to outstrip supply by 40 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So says Brooke Barton with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CERES, a Boston-based non-profit\u003c/a> that helps businesses build sustainability into their work, including water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, that’s a challenge that’s just not on the radar of a lot of companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s surprising how many companies and manufacturing facilities around the world aren’t even measuring how much water they use,” Barton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CERES is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/campaigns/connect-the-drops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trying to change that\u003c/a>, by tracking food companies’ progress using less water, and by appealing to their self-interest; tracking and cutting water use can save corporations a lot of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Especially in some areas where we produce, water is a challenge. Water is a premium.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Bart Sights, Levi Strauss\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Barton says that message is getting through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing is a growing cadre of companies who are shifting direction and elevating this as a priority in their business,” says Barton, who highlighted Levi’s and PepsiCo as two examples of corporate leaders in water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PepsiCo produces many types of beverages – including Gatorade – as well as many types of chips like Cheetos, Ruffles, and Tostitos. At a massive Gatorade facility just outside of Phoenix, in the city of Tolleson, Arizona, bottling lines fill 600 containers per minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing grape, we’re doing fruit punch, we’re doing lemon lime,” says Tim Carey, who directs sustainability programs for PepsiCo Beverages in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey says the company started investing in water efficiency four years ago in water-scarce Arizona. Since then, they’ve seen a 24 percent reduction in water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918758\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918758\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-800x612.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-800x612.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-768x588.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-1180x903.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-960x735.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-240x184.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-375x287.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-520x398.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PepsiCo is now saving $1.5 million annually at its Gatorade processing facility in Tolleson, AZ and using 24 percent less water. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s about a hundred million gallons of water that were used in 2013 every year that we do not use this year,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates into $1.5 million of annual cost savings, music to the ears of Carey’s corporate bosses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how’d Pepsi do it? It starts with cleaning all those empty bottles. Water is out; air is in. Pulses of air remove dust particles from sterilized bottles.\u003cdel>\u003c/del>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another water-saving step: more efficient filtering of the water used in\u003cdel>\u003c/del> Gatorade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Originally we would just do a single pass-through, reverse osmosis. We’d use the clean water in our operation and the rest would go to drain,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water is now re-captured and cleaned again. Previously, Pepsi recovered 80 percent of the water used here; now they recover 87 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water and Power\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepsi’s next trick can be found on the rooftop. Carey opens a hatch and emerges into the bright Arizona sun. “On top of this roof we have a field of solar panels that covers about 700,000 square feet,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s like 12 football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just what do solar panels have to do with saving water? It goes back to the local utility. Most power plants use tremendous amounts of water to generate electricity, boiling water to create steam or using water as a coolant. The less power Pepsi draws from the grid, the less water is used at the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And because we’re all in the same watershed, we’re saving water in Arizona in the watershed that supplies us,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That, in turn, helps maintain the long-term viability of Pepsi’s operations in Tolleson. Pepsi is also working with The Nature Conservancy in Arizona and elsewhere, experimenting with ways to replenish local watersheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond Arizona, Pepsi has set a goal to reduce its water use an additional 25 percent by 2025 (compared to 2015) at all its food and beverage facilities worldwide. By that same year, the company plans to replenish 100 percent of the water it uses in manufacturing operations in high-risk water areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepsi may be leading the way, but what it’s doing isn’t exactly splitting the atom. So why are corporations like PepsiCo just making these changes now? Why weren’t these things done 25 years ago?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey says water has long been cheap and CEO’s just didn’t think about sustainability as a business advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People didn’t say, ‘Oh what can I do to save water?’ she says. “Second thing is they probably did what I call ‘the gross stuff.’ They did the big water savings projects, which were fairly obvious. We’re at the precision scale now where we say: How can we tune our operations? How can we buy equipment and make it operate just perfectly?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenges will be different for just about every plant, in just about every industry, but more companies are at least asking the questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wet Jeans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider Levi’s, where, strange as it might seem, water is a main ingredient for blue jeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This team is charged with coming up with new techniques every day,” says Bart Sights, who runs Levi Strauss & Co.’s “Eureka” lab near downtown San Francisco. “It’s time, temperature, pressure, mixture…”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab is a miniature factory at the forefront of denim technology. Hundreds of pairs of prototypes are stacked along the walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918761\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918761\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-800x594.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-768x570.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-240x178.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-375x278.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-520x386.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeans hanging in the Levi Strauss “reference library.” Many colors and patterns are created with water. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Each jean has a recipe,” he says. “It’s very similar to cooking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeans all start out with the same basic ingredient: dark denim fabric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Up until forty years or so ago, jeans were sold like this,” Sights says. “They were stiff and scratchy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, consumers choose from a huge variety: light, dark, faded, pre-shrunk, stone-washed. And those variations are created with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has several rows of washing machines, but at a full-scale Levi’s factory, each machine washes 300 pairs of jeans at a time. To get the right color and texture, some jeans are washed over and over, which uses a lot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a few years ago, the company developed machines that use ozone gas instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It reduces the color from something dark to something light without using very much water at all,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi Strauss has developed about a dozen other waterless techniques with the goal to use them in 80 percent of its products by 2020. That means rolling them out to factories around the world, from Egypt to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company hasn’t quantified how much water it plans to save but so far, it reports having saved \u003ca href=\"http://www.levistrauss.com/sustainability/planet/water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 200 million gallons\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To use less water is usually less expensive,” Sights says. “Especially in some areas where we produce, [where] water is a challenge. Water is a premium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thirsty Crop\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, most of the water in your jeans comes from growing the cotton itself, a notoriously thirsty crop. Levi’s doesn’t grow it, but \u003cstrong>is\u003c/strong> working on ways to reduce that water demand too, including sourcing fabric from the Better Cotton Initiative, which works with farmers to reduce water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s all the water that jeans use after we buy them, which makes up about a quarter of their total water footprint. Levi’s has found that Americans use more water to wash our jeans than consumers in Europe or China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among hard-core lovers of 501s, there is a movement to never wash their jeans, to develop a personalized patina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[For] true connoisseurs and aficionados, it’s the ultimate form of self-expression for people,” Sights says. “I never wash my jeans. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for everyone else, Sights has an easier option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
