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"content": "\u003cp>California’s ambitious goals for cutting greenhouse gas emissions are revving up the market for electric vehicles. And it’s not just cars anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a parking lot adjacent to — appropriately enough — Golden Gate Fields racetrack in Albany, an upstart company called \u003ca href=\"https://www.thortrucks.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thor Trucks\u003c/a> had its \u003ca href=\"http://www.thortrucks.com/et-one/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prototype tractor-trailer rig\u003c/a> doing laps for selected onlookers on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy freight is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving California’s greenhouse gas reductions for 2030 and 2050 (40 and 80 percent below 1990 levels, respectively). The biggest share of California’s climate emissions comes from transportation and as of 2015, heavy-duty vehicles (that would include buses) accounted for 7.4 percent of total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to start with heavy-duty vehicles for that exact reason,” says Giordano Sordoni, Thor’s chief operating officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People look at these vehicles and the weight that they move and the jobs that they do and think, you know, electric vehicles might not be capable of that,” reflects Sordoni. “And we’re proving that in fact, they are. They’re really powerful solutions that can provide the torque and performance, and even beat that of a traditional vehicle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bystanders, perhaps the most impressive thing about Thor’s ET-One demonstration rig is where it registers on the decibel meter; all you hear from under the hood of this full-size Class-8 tractor is an air compressor for the brakes. Underway, the rattling of the 51-foot trailer is louder than the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni says the biggest engineering challenges were finding the right battery array and developing the software that runs it all. With a range of 100-to-300 miles, the ET-One not quite ready for the long-haul. It’ll be aimed at local and regional duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might be a good fit for places like the Port of Oakland, which has been under pressure to reduce diesel exhaust from big rigs that are constantly roaming in and out hauling containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think now is a good time because battery costs have come down,” says Catherine Mukai, an environmental planner for the port, who attended the Thor demo for a test ride. “We’re seeing a lot more competition for Class-8 trucks in the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the demo, Thor executives offered to set up a demo day for port truckers. Sordoni wouldn’t say how many pre-orders Thor has for its promised production models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing well,” is all he’d allow. He’s seeking partnerships with other truck makers but it’s unclear what form those arrangements would take. While he asserted that, “We plan to build, badge and sell our own vehicles,” he added that, “While other startups in this space are eager to dive in and spend a billion dollars on a manufacturing facility and hope everything goes well, we want to take a more reasonable — maybe — approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thor is an upstart in the market, but its founders claim they’ll be ready to roll before \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2017/12/28/orders-pile-up-for-tesla-semi-that-doesnt-yet-exist-as-rival-electric-trucks-get-rolling/#1b0f3e554a0a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tesla’s much-anticipated Semi\u003c/a>, which is expected sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-13/this-electric-truck-will-probably-beat-tesla-s-to-market\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-founder Dakota Semler\u003c/a> are betting that fleet operators will quickly see the advantages of electrics over conventional diesel rigs, seeing savings in fuel, maintenance and compliance with California’s ever-tightening air quality regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are also maintenance savings,” he says, “when you go from an internal combustion engine that has 2,000 moving parts to an electric vehicle, which has 20.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are advantages for the drivers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the wheel was 42-year trucker Tom John, who is Thor’s regular demo driver. I had to ask him if he wouldn’t miss the macho roar of his own 600-hp Peterbilt rig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I would,” he sighed. “But you know what? I’m 80 percent deaf in this ear,” he said, pointing to his left ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could relate. When the local recycling truck roared past my window at 5:57 on Monday morning, I was more than ready for the electric age.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s ambitious goals for cutting greenhouse gas emissions are revving up the market for electric vehicles. And it’s not just cars anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a parking lot adjacent to — appropriately enough — Golden Gate Fields racetrack in Albany, an upstart company called \u003ca href=\"https://www.thortrucks.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thor Trucks\u003c/a> had its \u003ca href=\"http://www.thortrucks.com/et-one/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prototype tractor-trailer rig\u003c/a> doing laps for selected onlookers on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy freight is one of the biggest obstacles to achieving California’s greenhouse gas reductions for 2030 and 2050 (40 and 80 percent below 1990 levels, respectively). The biggest share of California’s climate emissions comes from transportation and as of 2015, heavy-duty vehicles (that would include buses) accounted for 7.4 percent of total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to start with heavy-duty vehicles for that exact reason,” says Giordano Sordoni, Thor’s chief operating officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People look at these vehicles and the weight that they move and the jobs that they do and think, you know, electric vehicles might not be capable of that,” reflects Sordoni. “And we’re proving that in fact, they are. They’re really powerful solutions that can provide the torque and performance, and even beat that of a traditional vehicle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To bystanders, perhaps the most impressive thing about Thor’s ET-One demonstration rig is where it registers on the decibel meter; all you hear from under the hood of this full-size Class-8 tractor is an air compressor for the brakes. Underway, the rattling of the 51-foot trailer is louder than the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni says the biggest engineering challenges were finding the right battery array and developing the software that runs it all. With a range of 100-to-300 miles, the ET-One not quite ready for the long-haul. It’ll be aimed at local and regional duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might be a good fit for places like the Port of Oakland, which has been under pressure to reduce diesel exhaust from big rigs that are constantly roaming in and out hauling containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think now is a good time because battery costs have come down,” says Catherine Mukai, an environmental planner for the port, who attended the Thor demo for a test ride. “We’re seeing a lot more competition for Class-8 trucks in the market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the demo, Thor executives offered to set up a demo day for port truckers. Sordoni wouldn’t say how many pre-orders Thor has for its promised production models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing well,” is all he’d allow. He’s seeking partnerships with other truck makers but it’s unclear what form those arrangements would take. While he asserted that, “We plan to build, badge and sell our own vehicles,” he added that, “While other startups in this space are eager to dive in and spend a billion dollars on a manufacturing facility and hope everything goes well, we want to take a more reasonable — maybe — approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thor is an upstart in the market, but its founders claim they’ll be ready to roll before \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/alanohnsman/2017/12/28/orders-pile-up-for-tesla-semi-that-doesnt-yet-exist-as-rival-electric-trucks-get-rolling/#1b0f3e554a0a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tesla’s much-anticipated Semi\u003c/a>, which is expected sometime next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sordoni and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-13/this-electric-truck-will-probably-beat-tesla-s-to-market\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-founder Dakota Semler\u003c/a> are betting that fleet operators will quickly see the advantages of electrics over conventional diesel rigs, seeing savings in fuel, maintenance and compliance with California’s ever-tightening air quality regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are also maintenance savings,” he says, “when you go from an internal combustion engine that has 2,000 moving parts to an electric vehicle, which has 20.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are advantages for the drivers, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind the wheel was 42-year trucker Tom John, who is Thor’s regular demo driver. I had to ask him if he wouldn’t miss the macho roar of his own 600-hp Peterbilt rig.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, I would,” he sighed. “But you know what? I’m 80 percent deaf in this ear,” he said, pointing to his left ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could relate. When the local recycling truck roared past my window at 5:57 on Monday morning, I was more than ready for the electric age.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Forgotten Renewable: Geothermal Energy Production Heats Up In The Mojave",
"headTitle": "The Forgotten Renewable: Geothermal Energy Production Heats Up In The Mojave | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Three and a half hours east of Los Angeles lies the Salton Sea, a manmade oasis in the heart of the Mojave Desert. It was created in 1905, when a canal broke and the Colorado River flooded the desert for more than a year. The Sea became a \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/02/04/the_salton_sea_in_california_turned_from_a_relaxing_resort_to_an_apocalyptic.html\">tourist hotspot in the 1950’s\u003c/a>, perfect for swimming, boating, and kayaking. But now, people are coming here looking for something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Turner is the chief operating officer of Controlled Thermal Resources, an energy company from Australia. On a hill overlooking the Salton Sea, he points out a patch of land that will someday house his company’s first power plant, named \u003ca href=\"http://www.cthermal.com/\">Hell’s Kitchen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States,” he explains.[contextly_sidebar id=”PW8jPSzwpOdgDlIjMhDbfqBBqq0Q0O6c”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal energy uses the earth’s natural heat to create electricity. While there are several different ways to accomplish this, the most common is to take super-heated water from geothermal hot spots and pipe it to the surface. It then turns into steam and spins a turbine, which generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s completely renewable, and generates clean energy around the clock, unlike wind and solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think of renewable energy as a house, solar is the roof and the wind is the walls,” says Jason Czapla, principal engineer for Controlled Thermal Resources. “But geothermal’s the foundation, and what California did is it built the walls and the roof, but on wild, windy days it blows too much rain on the roof [and] that house falls down. Well, the Salton Sea is this opportunity for California to fix that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wants to develop 1,000 megawatts of electricity here over the next decade. They say that could power about 800,000 homes. And for a state that’s aiming to get \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-climate-change-renewable-energy-20151007-story.html\">half its electricity from renewable sources\u003c/a>, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our development coincides with the state’s target, 2030 being the ultimate goal getting to 50 percent,” says Czapla. “And our goal is to build up that 1,000 megawatts and help them increase the renewable energy portfolio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Williams, a geothermal expert at the U.S. Geological Survey, \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3082/\">published a report in 2008\u003c/a> in which he explained that there are \u003ca href=\"https://maps.nrel.gov/geothermal-prospector/?aL=AyQ4yd%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bd%255D%3D1&bL=clight&cE=0&lR=0&mC=48.37084770238366%2C-84.19921875&zL=4\">untapped geothermal reservoirs\u003c/a> throughout the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also elaborated on a developing technology that could drastically increase the amount of power the Earth can provide, called enhanced geothermal systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States.” \u003ccite>Jim Turner, Controlled Thermal Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In order for a reservoir to be able to provide geothermal energy, it has to have three things: heat, water, and permeability. In other words: hot, wet rock, with enough fractures in it to allow water to pass through. Enhanced geothermal systems is the process of taking areas with only one or two of those conditions – hot, dry rock with very little fractures, for example – and altering it to satisfy all three conditions. That could mean cracking underground rock to allow more water to pass through, or inserting water into the rockbed to be heated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says scientists and engineers are still working on the technology for enhanced geothermal systems, but if they are able to make it a reality, that could potentially open up thousands of megawatts of energy potential from new reservoirs. And that could someday take from the country’s current 3,000 megawatts of geothermal energy production to almost 500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To put that into perspective,” Williams says,” the entire electric power generating capacity in the United States is about a million megawatts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s that much clean energy just waiting in the ground, what’s taking so long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allyson Anderson Book directs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.americangeosciences.org/\">American Geosciences Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit network of geoscientists around the country. She says that geothermal energy has been historically overlooked as a renewable energy source, to the point that it is sometimes referred to as the “forgotten renewable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gaizwni8JqAsSnhH7rjG8xLqvnEkJahy”]Book says there are social and technical challenges that have kept geothermal from becoming a major player in the energy field. The technology is complex, and plants are expensive to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of different factors that play in,” Book says. “And so the Department of Energy right now is spending a lot of time and energy in something called the FORGE project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://energy.gov/eere/forge/forge-home\">FORGE project\u003c/a> is an Energy Department initiative that would create a dedicated test site for exploring enhanced geothermal systems. Currently, the proposed test site is in Fallon, Nev., where Sandia National Laboratories plans to set up a field where scientists can experiment with new geothermal technology. The idea is, if they can make enhanced geothermal systems a reality, then geothermal energy production around the country would skyrocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back at the Salton Sea, Controlled Thermal Resources isn’t waiting on new technology — it’s hoping to exploit what’s already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office in El Centro, Calif., CEO Rod Colwell plays an aerial video of the southern end of the Salton Sea, where the Hell’s Kitchen plant will go. It’s still in the permitting stages, and it’s going to cost a lot of money – around a billion dollars. But if it’s successful, Colwell plans to build more. He hopes to build enough plants to be able to produce 1,000 megawatts of electricity, which could power about 800,000 homes. And with California looking to phase out its use of fossil fuels, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly in California,” Colwell says, “we will not be able to import any carbon-fired energy after 2025. So it’s important that geothermal is that integral value in the mix.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal’s got a long way to go. But Colwell and others are betting that new technology and the demand for clean energy will someday bring this forgotten renewable to the forefront of clean power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 KVCR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvcrnews.org\">KVCR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Forgotten+Renewable%3A+Geothermal+Energy+Production+Heats+Up&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Three and a half hours east of Los Angeles lies the Salton Sea, a manmade oasis in the heart of the Mojave Desert. It was created in 1905, when a canal broke and the Colorado River flooded the desert for more than a year. The Sea became a \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/atlas_obscura/2014/02/04/the_salton_sea_in_california_turned_from_a_relaxing_resort_to_an_apocalyptic.html\">tourist hotspot in the 1950’s\u003c/a>, perfect for swimming, boating, and kayaking. But now, people are coming here looking for something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Turner is the chief operating officer of Controlled Thermal Resources, an energy company from Australia. On a hill overlooking the Salton Sea, he points out a patch of land that will someday house his company’s first power plant, named \u003ca href=\"http://www.cthermal.com/\">Hell’s Kitchen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States,” he explains.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal energy uses the earth’s natural heat to create electricity. While there are several different ways to accomplish this, the most common is to take super-heated water from geothermal hot spots and pipe it to the surface. It then turns into steam and spins a turbine, which generates electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s completely renewable, and generates clean energy around the clock, unlike wind and solar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You think of renewable energy as a house, solar is the roof and the wind is the walls,” says Jason Czapla, principal engineer for Controlled Thermal Resources. “But geothermal’s the foundation, and what California did is it built the walls and the roof, but on wild, windy days it blows too much rain on the roof [and] that house falls down. Well, the Salton Sea is this opportunity for California to fix that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wants to develop 1,000 megawatts of electricity here over the next decade. They say that could power about 800,000 homes. And for a state that’s aiming to get \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-climate-change-renewable-energy-20151007-story.html\">half its electricity from renewable sources\u003c/a>, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our development coincides with the state’s target, 2030 being the ultimate goal getting to 50 percent,” says Czapla. “And our goal is to build up that 1,000 megawatts and help them increase the renewable energy portfolio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Williams, a geothermal expert at the U.S. Geological Survey, \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3082/\">published a report in 2008\u003c/a> in which he explained that there are \u003ca href=\"https://maps.nrel.gov/geothermal-prospector/?aL=AyQ4yd%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bv%255D%3Dt%26nBy5Q_%255Bd%255D%3D1&bL=clight&cE=0&lR=0&mC=48.37084770238366%2C-84.19921875&zL=4\">untapped geothermal reservoirs\u003c/a> throughout the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also elaborated on a developing technology that could drastically increase the amount of power the Earth can provide, called enhanced geothermal systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We’re standing on top of what is probably the most robust geothermal resource in the United States.” \u003ccite>Jim Turner, Controlled Thermal Resources\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In order for a reservoir to be able to provide geothermal energy, it has to have three things: heat, water, and permeability. In other words: hot, wet rock, with enough fractures in it to allow water to pass through. Enhanced geothermal systems is the process of taking areas with only one or two of those conditions – hot, dry rock with very little fractures, for example – and altering it to satisfy all three conditions. That could mean cracking underground rock to allow more water to pass through, or inserting water into the rockbed to be heated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams says scientists and engineers are still working on the technology for enhanced geothermal systems, but if they are able to make it a reality, that could potentially open up thousands of megawatts of energy potential from new reservoirs. And that could someday take from the country’s current 3,000 megawatts of geothermal energy production to almost 500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To put that into perspective,” Williams says,” the entire electric power generating capacity in the United States is about a million megawatts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there’s that much clean energy just waiting in the ground, what’s taking so long?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allyson Anderson Book directs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.americangeosciences.org/\">American Geosciences Institute\u003c/a>, a nonprofit network of geoscientists around the country. She says that geothermal energy has been historically overlooked as a renewable energy source, to the point that it is sometimes referred to as the “forgotten renewable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Book says there are social and technical challenges that have kept geothermal from becoming a major player in the energy field. The technology is complex, and plants are expensive to build.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of different factors that play in,” Book says. “And so the Department of Energy right now is spending a lot of time and energy in something called the FORGE project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://energy.gov/eere/forge/forge-home\">FORGE project\u003c/a> is an Energy Department initiative that would create a dedicated test site for exploring enhanced geothermal systems. Currently, the proposed test site is in Fallon, Nev., where Sandia National Laboratories plans to set up a field where scientists can experiment with new geothermal technology. The idea is, if they can make enhanced geothermal systems a reality, then geothermal energy production around the country would skyrocket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But back at the Salton Sea, Controlled Thermal Resources isn’t waiting on new technology — it’s hoping to exploit what’s already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his office in El Centro, Calif., CEO Rod Colwell plays an aerial video of the southern end of the Salton Sea, where the Hell’s Kitchen plant will go. It’s still in the permitting stages, and it’s going to cost a lot of money – around a billion dollars. But if it’s successful, Colwell plans to build more. He hopes to build enough plants to be able to produce 1,000 megawatts of electricity, which could power about 800,000 homes. And with California looking to phase out its use of fossil fuels, that’s no small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Particularly in California,” Colwell says, “we will not be able to import any carbon-fired energy after 2025. So it’s important that geothermal is that integral value in the mix.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geothermal’s got a long way to go. But Colwell and others are betting that new technology and the demand for clean energy will someday bring this forgotten renewable to the forefront of clean power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 KVCR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvcrnews.org\">KVCR\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Forgotten+Renewable%3A+Geothermal+Energy+Production+Heats+Up&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Wine Lovers: Relax, Study Suggests Calif. Grapevines Can Weather Searing Drought",
"headTitle": "Wine Lovers: Relax, Study Suggests Calif. Grapevines Can Weather Searing Drought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The drought could be crippling, but the wine will be good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the happy conclusion of a study published today in the journal, \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/1/eaao6969\">Science\u003c/a>. It turns out that the grapevine is hardier than anyone thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who looked at vineyards in California’s Napa Valley and the Bordeaux region of France found that in times of drought, the grapevine’s resistance actually increased as the season progressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted over a period of ten years, found that the grapevines were not at risk of dying from “even very dry conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means farmers may not need to water their vineyards as much as previously thought during a dry spell. It also could mean better-tasting wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'”\u003ccite>Gregory Gambetta, Bordeaux Sciences Agro\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the triggers of ripening occurs when stress is present such as a dry spell,” says Paul Skinner, a co-author of the study and a vineyard consultant at Vineyard Investigations. “It serves to slow down the growth of the vine vegetatively and when the vine stops growing, that is directly connected to the ripening of the fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study sets the practical limits of when grapevines die without water, says Skinner. “This is about trying to figure out how to manage vines during periods of drought. We need to know what these limits are in order to manage risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are a boost for California vineyards, which produce nearly 90 percent of all American wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Business\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wine sector is an economic powerhouse for the state and threats stemming from climate change could spell serious trouble for California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/files/Wine%20Institute%20Economic%20Impact%20Highlights%202016.pdf\">issued\u003c/a> in 2016 by the Wine Institute, the industry contributes $57.6 billion annually to the local economy and employs about 325,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State’s renowned vineyards also attract some 24 million tourists annually, generating $7.2 billion in revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During severe droughts, plants often die from embolism. It occurs when plants are deprived of water, causing tension in the plant as it starts to convert water into gas. The resulting air bubbles impede the passage of water within the plant, causing it to increase in thirst and potentially die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When plants are well watered, they will never experience embolism,” Skinner told KQED. “It’s a result of extreme drought. And a purpose of this study was to quantify what the threshold is for mortality in a grapevine during a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though total precipitation might not decrease with California’s changing climate, scientists say to expect more severe droughts when they do occur. The study looked at what levels of drought would be enough to cause a degree of embolism sufficient to kill grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at the level of drought and we looked at Napa and found that their vines never reach that level,” says Gregory Gambetta, a professor of viticulture at Bordeaux Sciences Agro and the study’s principle investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the world grapples with climate change, knowing what these thresholds are is of critical importance to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'” explains Gambetta. “Will vines survive and bounce back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving Grapes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skinner says the study will also allow farmers to adopt techniques to weather climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might prove to be very valuable for land owners who do not want to lose their physical vineyards and plant something else,” he suggests. “I think it will lead to more refinements in what we do, rather than major changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta adds that vineyards are normally productive for twenty to forty years and require a significant amount of financial investment. The study’s findings suggest that farmers might not have to abandon their crop during a dry spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, during these drought periods,” he says, “farmers regulate the amount of water they get and sometimes they make decisions to essentially whip out vineyards, thinking they will probably die anyway. So there is question of, ‘Did they have to?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta cautions, however, that the study’s findings do not mean farmers should stop watering their vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It simply sets thresholds that we did not know before, that we could not quantify precisely,” he points out. “Now, we can say that these are the levels of stress that vines can endure during a period of drought. That sets a bar for farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the vines were very resilient and we now know what range we are operating in,” adds Skinner. “Hopefully we can find ways to save water by adopting some of the information in this study as a guide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while researchers still have some important questions concerning to what extent vines can repair themselves and recover, farmers now at least have actual numbers to work with when determining how to ration resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how you ration your wine, you’re on your own.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The drought could be crippling, but the wine will be good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is the happy conclusion of a study published today in the journal, \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/4/1/eaao6969\">Science\u003c/a>. It turns out that the grapevine is hardier than anyone thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who looked at vineyards in California’s Napa Valley and the Bordeaux region of France found that in times of drought, the grapevine’s resistance actually increased as the season progressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, conducted over a period of ten years, found that the grapevines were not at risk of dying from “even very dry conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means farmers may not need to water their vineyards as much as previously thought during a dry spell. It also could mean better-tasting wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'”\u003ccite>Gregory Gambetta, Bordeaux Sciences Agro\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the triggers of ripening occurs when stress is present such as a dry spell,” says Paul Skinner, a co-author of the study and a vineyard consultant at Vineyard Investigations. “It serves to slow down the growth of the vine vegetatively and when the vine stops growing, that is directly connected to the ripening of the fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study sets the practical limits of when grapevines die without water, says Skinner. “This is about trying to figure out how to manage vines during periods of drought. We need to know what these limits are in order to manage risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are a boost for California vineyards, which produce nearly 90 percent of all American wines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Business\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wine sector is an economic powerhouse for the state and threats stemming from climate change could spell serious trouble for California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a report \u003ca href=\"http://www.wineinstitute.org/files/Wine%20Institute%20Economic%20Impact%20Highlights%202016.pdf\">issued\u003c/a> in 2016 by the Wine Institute, the industry contributes $57.6 billion annually to the local economy and employs about 325,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State’s renowned vineyards also attract some 24 million tourists annually, generating $7.2 billion in revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During severe droughts, plants often die from embolism. It occurs when plants are deprived of water, causing tension in the plant as it starts to convert water into gas. The resulting air bubbles impede the passage of water within the plant, causing it to increase in thirst and potentially die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When plants are well watered, they will never experience embolism,” Skinner told KQED. “It’s a result of extreme drought. And a purpose of this study was to quantify what the threshold is for mortality in a grapevine during a drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though total precipitation might not decrease with California’s changing climate, scientists say to expect more severe droughts when they do occur. The study looked at what levels of drought would be enough to cause a degree of embolism sufficient to kill grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We looked at the level of drought and we looked at Napa and found that their vines never reach that level,” says Gregory Gambetta, a professor of viticulture at Bordeaux Sciences Agro and the study’s principle investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the world grapples with climate change, knowing what these thresholds are is of critical importance to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the climate is changing, we can determine, ‘What are the tolerance levels of these plants and will they endure?'” explains Gambetta. “Will vines survive and bounce back?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Saving Grapes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Skinner says the study will also allow farmers to adopt techniques to weather climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might prove to be very valuable for land owners who do not want to lose their physical vineyards and plant something else,” he suggests. “I think it will lead to more refinements in what we do, rather than major changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta adds that vineyards are normally productive for twenty to forty years and require a significant amount of financial investment. The study’s findings suggest that farmers might not have to abandon their crop during a dry spell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In California, during these drought periods,” he says, “farmers regulate the amount of water they get and sometimes they make decisions to essentially whip out vineyards, thinking they will probably die anyway. So there is question of, ‘Did they have to?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gambetta cautions, however, that the study’s findings do not mean farmers should stop watering their vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It simply sets thresholds that we did not know before, that we could not quantify precisely,” he points out. “Now, we can say that these are the levels of stress that vines can endure during a period of drought. That sets a bar for farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that the vines were very resilient and we now know what range we are operating in,” adds Skinner. “Hopefully we can find ways to save water by adopting some of the information in this study as a guide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while researchers still have some important questions concerning to what extent vines can repair themselves and recover, farmers now at least have actual numbers to work with when determining how to ration resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how you ration your wine, you’re on your own.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "could-lowly-seagrass-save-the-100-million-oyster-biz-from-climate-change",
"title": "The Lowly Seagrass That Could Save Your Oysters From Climate Change",
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"headTitle": "The Lowly Seagrass That Could Save Your Oysters From Climate Change | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The impacts of climate change aren’t a distant threat for the Pacific shellfish industry. Acidifying seawater is already causing problems for oyster farms along the West Coast and it’s only expected to get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has one Bay Area oyster farm looking for ways to adapt by teaming up with scientists, who are studying how the local ecosystem could lend a helping hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need help,” says Terry Sawyer of Hog Island Oyster Company. “That ‘canary in a coalmine’ analogy drives me crazy, but that’s what we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve got to move on this and we need help.’\u003ccite>Terry Sawyer, Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>By that, he means that oysters are an “indicator species” on the frying edge of a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer’s own natural habitat is on the mudflats of Tomales Bay, about 50 miles north of San Francisco, where his oyster operation is located. But a few years ago, he started going to climate change conferences, sitting next to scientists and policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon chemistry is incredibly sophisticated, complicated science,” he says. “I am definitely out of my element — out of my comfort zone. I’d rather be in shorts and no shoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sawyer, these wonky affairs are a necessity. Like a lot of oyster farmers, he buys baby oysters from hatcheries in Oregon and Washington. But starting a decade ago, the hatcheries began having mysterious die-offs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The orders that we were getting – if we were getting them at all, they wouldn’t necessarily happen at the time or the size that we could take them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919016\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-800x704.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-800x704.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-160x141.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-768x676.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-1020x898.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-1180x1039.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-960x845.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-240x211.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-375x330.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-520x458.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2.jpg 1823w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terry Sawyer of Hog Island Oyster Company examines a bag of fresh oysters. He sells to both restaurants and individual retail customers. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists eventually identified the main culprit: increasingly acidic seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Carbon Sponge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least a quarter of the carbon humans put into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels is absorbed by the ocean. It acts like a carbon sponge, but adding carbon to seawater makes it more acidic. Since the start of the Industrial Revolution, the oceans have become about 30 percent more acidic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s harmful for animals that build shells, like oysters, and spells big trouble for the Pacific shellfish industry, worth more than $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want to curl up in a fetal position,” says Sawyer. “You do want to say, ‘We’ve got to move on this and we need help.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer found some help by opening up his oyster farm to a team of scientists. Equipment monitors the water’s acidity in real time, part of a network run by UC Davis’s Bodega Marine Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was a significant move: knowing what’s going on day-to-day, minute-by-minute,” he says. “And it’s also been proving the point. We have numbers you can’t argue with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1919014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists like Kristy Kroeker (left) from UC Santa Cruz are looking to seagrass as a natural acidification remedy. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hog Island is opening its own oyster hatchery in Humboldt Bay, 200 miles to the north, to improve the reliability of the supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oyster farm is also assisting with cutting-edge scientific research, focused on how oysters could get a boost from native plants in Tomales Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Acid Test\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a sunny morning, a team of scientists is scuba-diving in a shallow part of the bay, surrounded by thick, green seagrass, waving in the current.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re down in it, it really feels like you’re in a forest of seagrass,” says Kristy Kroeke, a marine biologist at UC Santa Cruz. “It’s quite long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seagrass is a glimmer of hope for oyster farmers. Plants, whether it’s a forest or lawn, take up carbon dioxide and use it for photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plants under the water are doing the exact same thing,” Kroeker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919015\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919015\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-800x665.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-800x665.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-160x133.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-768x638.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-1020x848.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-1180x981.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-960x798.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-240x199.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-375x312.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-520x432.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3.jpg 1795w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seagrasses from Tomales Bay. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The seagrass pulls the carbon out of the water, which makes it slightly less acidic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially, they’re creating this little bubble of seawater around them that’s more friendly for animals that might be threatened by ocean acidification,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroeker is testing whether seagrasses could act as a buffer, protecting the oysters nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She plants mesh bags of baby oysters in the seagrass bed, which she’ll be watching in the months to come. So far, the results look promising, but not necessarily the whole answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seagrass can reduce acidification around it, but possibly only in certain locations or at certain times of year. More research will be needed, Kroeker says, but against a global problem, local approaches have a lot of potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we use parts of nature that we already know are important,” she wonders, “seagrasses – to actually benefit people and protect them from some of these impacts?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is being studied around the world in different ecosystems, including near coral reefs, and using bigger marine plants, like kelp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, it’ll be up to oyster farmers like Terry Sawyer to make the research work on the ground – or, in the water. He’s hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From an aquaculture point of view, you bet I’m hopeful,” Sawyer says. “Maybe I’m being idealistic here, but we’re learning so much. We’re just at the tip of the iceberg on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "The Lowly Seagrass That Could Save Your Oysters From Climate Change | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The impacts of climate change aren’t a distant threat for the Pacific shellfish industry. Acidifying seawater is already causing problems for oyster farms along the West Coast and it’s only expected to get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has one Bay Area oyster farm looking for ways to adapt by teaming up with scientists, who are studying how the local ecosystem could lend a helping hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need help,” says Terry Sawyer of Hog Island Oyster Company. “That ‘canary in a coalmine’ analogy drives me crazy, but that’s what we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’ve got to move on this and we need help.’\u003ccite>Terry Sawyer, Hog Island Oyster Co.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>By that, he means that oysters are an “indicator species” on the frying edge of a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer’s own natural habitat is on the mudflats of Tomales Bay, about 50 miles north of San Francisco, where his oyster operation is located. But a few years ago, he started going to climate change conferences, sitting next to scientists and policymakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Carbon chemistry is incredibly sophisticated, complicated science,” he says. “I am definitely out of my element — out of my comfort zone. I’d rather be in shorts and no shoes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sawyer, these wonky affairs are a necessity. Like a lot of oyster farmers, he buys baby oysters from hatcheries in Oregon and Washington. But starting a decade ago, the hatcheries began having mysterious die-offs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The orders that we were getting – if we were getting them at all, they wouldn’t necessarily happen at the time or the size that we could take them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919016\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919016\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-800x704.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"704\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-800x704.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-160x141.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-768x676.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-1020x898.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-1180x1039.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-960x845.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-240x211.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-375x330.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2-520x458.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web2.jpg 1823w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terry Sawyer of Hog Island Oyster Company examines a bag of fresh oysters. He sells to both restaurants and individual retail customers. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists eventually identified the main culprit: increasingly acidic seawater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Carbon Sponge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least a quarter of the carbon humans put into the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels is absorbed by the ocean. It acts like a carbon sponge, but adding carbon to seawater makes it more acidic. Since the start of the Industrial Revolution, the oceans have become about 30 percent more acidic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s harmful for animals that build shells, like oysters, and spells big trouble for the Pacific shellfish industry, worth more than $100 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t want to curl up in a fetal position,” says Sawyer. “You do want to say, ‘We’ve got to move on this and we need help.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sawyer found some help by opening up his oyster farm to a team of scientists. Equipment monitors the water’s acidity in real time, part of a network run by UC Davis’s Bodega Marine Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was a significant move: knowing what’s going on day-to-day, minute-by-minute,” he says. “And it’s also been proving the point. We have numbers you can’t argue with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1919014\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web4-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists like Kristy Kroeker (left) from UC Santa Cruz are looking to seagrass as a natural acidification remedy. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hog Island is opening its own oyster hatchery in Humboldt Bay, 200 miles to the north, to improve the reliability of the supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oyster farm is also assisting with cutting-edge scientific research, focused on how oysters could get a boost from native plants in Tomales Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Acid Test\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a sunny morning, a team of scientists is scuba-diving in a shallow part of the bay, surrounded by thick, green seagrass, waving in the current.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re down in it, it really feels like you’re in a forest of seagrass,” says Kristy Kroeke, a marine biologist at UC Santa Cruz. “It’s quite long.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seagrass is a glimmer of hope for oyster farmers. Plants, whether it’s a forest or lawn, take up carbon dioxide and use it for photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plants under the water are doing the exact same thing,” Kroeker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919015\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1919015\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-800x665.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"665\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-800x665.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-160x133.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-768x638.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-1020x848.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-1180x981.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-960x798.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-240x199.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-375x312.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3-520x432.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Oyster-farm-web3.jpg 1795w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Seagrasses from Tomales Bay. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The seagrass pulls the carbon out of the water, which makes it slightly less acidic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Essentially, they’re creating this little bubble of seawater around them that’s more friendly for animals that might be threatened by ocean acidification,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroeker is testing whether seagrasses could act as a buffer, protecting the oysters nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She plants mesh bags of baby oysters in the seagrass bed, which she’ll be watching in the months to come. So far, the results look promising, but not necessarily the whole answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seagrass can reduce acidification around it, but possibly only in certain locations or at certain times of year. More research will be needed, Kroeker says, but against a global problem, local approaches have a lot of potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can we use parts of nature that we already know are important,” she wonders, “seagrasses – to actually benefit people and protect them from some of these impacts?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is being studied around the world in different ecosystems, including near coral reefs, and using bigger marine plants, like kelp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, it’ll be up to oyster farmers like Terry Sawyer to make the research work on the ground – or, in the water. He’s hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From an aquaculture point of view, you bet I’m hopeful,” Sawyer says. “Maybe I’m being idealistic here, but we’re learning so much. We’re just at the tip of the iceberg on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Sets Bold New Target for 'Zero-Emission' Vehicles",
"headTitle": "California Sets Bold New Target for ‘Zero-Emission’ Vehicles | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California is significantly upping the ante in its quest to get more electric cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his final State-of-the-State address this week, Governor Jerry Brown laid out the state’s ambitions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Then, he dropped something startling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To meet these ambitious goals,” Brown tossed out almost casually, “we’ll need five million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030, and we’re gonna get there, believe me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Brown’s administration made it official with \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=20151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an executive order\u003c/a> setting that as the state’s new target for ZEVs, which includes fuel-cell vehicles and electric vehicles. (Plug-in hybrid cars count, though they’re technically not zero-emissions when their gas engines are engaged.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That represents a significant jump from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/can-california-hit-15m-zero-emission-vehicles-by-2025/441020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state’s previous goal\u003c/a> of 1.5 million by 2025, and it’s nearly 15 times the number currently roaming the state — a fact that the governor acknowledged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We only have 350,000 today, so we all got a lot of work,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number is slightly less than that, according to the climate-and-economics think tank, \u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Next 10\u003c/a>. Its founder, Noel Perry, says the actual the number of ZEVs in circulation in California is just above 337,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sales are growing rapidly in California and we’re on a very good roll,” says Perry. “If we continue going the way we’re going, who knows?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry has more than an inkling. Next 10 has been preparing a report on prospects for meeting the pre-existing 2025 goal. It was scheduled for release next week, though the governor might’ve just sent Perry’s staff back to the drawing board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A previous analysis by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory concluded that to meet the state’s ambitious greenhouse gas reduction goal for 2050, the majority of vehicles on the road will need to be electric. That will require not only that electric car sales continue to grow, but that the infrastructure to support them grows along with that. Brown’s order includes a proposal to spur both car sales and infrastructure with a $2.5 billion investment that includes eight more years of incentives for car buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lagged behind in terms of creating the number of charging stations that we need,” says Perry, whose research counts 16,500 commercial and public charging stations in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And although this is the most in the nation by far,” notes Perry, if you look at the ratio of charging outlets per California ZEV, we’re at the very, very low end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that has deterred Governor Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was built on dreams and perseverance,” he said, “and the bolder path is still our way forward.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "California Sets Bold New Target for 'Zero-Emission' Vehicles",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is significantly upping the ante in its quest to get more electric cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his final State-of-the-State address this week, Governor Jerry Brown laid out the state’s ambitions for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Then, he dropped something startling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To meet these ambitious goals,” Brown tossed out almost casually, “we’ll need five million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030, and we’re gonna get there, believe me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Brown’s administration made it official with \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=20151\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an executive order\u003c/a> setting that as the state’s new target for ZEVs, which includes fuel-cell vehicles and electric vehicles. (Plug-in hybrid cars count, though they’re technically not zero-emissions when their gas engines are engaged.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That represents a significant jump from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.utilitydive.com/news/can-california-hit-15m-zero-emission-vehicles-by-2025/441020/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state’s previous goal\u003c/a> of 1.5 million by 2025, and it’s nearly 15 times the number currently roaming the state — a fact that the governor acknowledged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We only have 350,000 today, so we all got a lot of work,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number is slightly less than that, according to the climate-and-economics think tank, \u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Next 10\u003c/a>. Its founder, Noel Perry, says the actual the number of ZEVs in circulation in California is just above 337,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sales are growing rapidly in California and we’re on a very good roll,” says Perry. “If we continue going the way we’re going, who knows?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perry has more than an inkling. Next 10 has been preparing a report on prospects for meeting the pre-existing 2025 goal. It was scheduled for release next week, though the governor might’ve just sent Perry’s staff back to the drawing board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A previous analysis by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory concluded that to meet the state’s ambitious greenhouse gas reduction goal for 2050, the majority of vehicles on the road will need to be electric. That will require not only that electric car sales continue to grow, but that the infrastructure to support them grows along with that. Brown’s order includes a proposal to spur both car sales and infrastructure with a $2.5 billion investment that includes eight more years of incentives for car buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have lagged behind in terms of creating the number of charging stations that we need,” says Perry, whose research counts 16,500 commercial and public charging stations in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And although this is the most in the nation by far,” notes Perry, if you look at the ratio of charging outlets per California ZEV, we’re at the very, very low end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of that has deterred Governor Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was built on dreams and perseverance,” he said, “and the bolder path is still our way forward.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bears Burned in California Wildfires Go Holistic for Pain",
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"content": "\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Veterinarians successfully used alternative medical treatments such as acupuncture on three wild animals burned in the Southern California wildfires, although one patient — a 5-month-old mountain lion — did keep eating his fish-skin and corn-husk bandages, vets at the University of California, Davis said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We made little spring rolls with their feet,’ \u003ccite>Jamie Peyton, veterinarian\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rescuers brought two adult bears, one of them pregnant, and the young mountain lion to veterinarians with the state Department of Fish and Wildlife and the university after the animals were hurt in the largest wildfire in state history. They were found in the Los Padres National Forest, whose mountains stretch through badly burned areas of Santa Barbara and Ventura counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919051\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1919051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg\" alt=\"Two red burned paws.\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bear brought to CDFW Wildlife Investigations Lab has severe third-degree burns on its paw. \u003ccite>(Karin Higgins / UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bears had suffered third-degree burns on all their paws, said Jamie Peyton, chief of the Integrative Medicine Service at the university’s vet school. The cub also burned all four paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standard pain treatment is a problem for both the animals and their caregivers when it comes to wildlife with sharp teeth and claws, Peyton said. For safety, vets have to heavily sedate the animals every time they change their bandages or otherwise care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can only anesthetize them so many times,” Peyton said. “It’s hard on them. We can’t do that to them every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919055\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919055 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear's paw.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992.jpg 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear’s paw. \u003ccite>(California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Putting pain pills in food also is problematic, because there’s no guarantee the animals will eat them, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Peyton and her colleagues used some of the alternative methods she already employs with other animals, including acupuncture, chiropractic treatment, and cold-laser therapy. Many health-insurance companies consider some of the treatments experimental or unproven, and do not always cover their costs in human patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vets carried out the alternative treatments only on days when the bears and mountain lion were already anesthetized for bandage changes or other standard care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I adore them, but they’re wild,” Peyton explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Oz3EB5AUpQA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another form of treatment seemed most helpful of all for the bears, vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California vets stitched the fish skins to the animals’ burned paws, then wrapped the treated feet with bandages of rice paper and corn husks, after reading about trials on human burn victims in Brazil that placed treated skins from tilapia, a ubiquitous species of fish, on burn victims to soothe pain and promote healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”UkQdjT9kYfvdTUffvcdUxSjpg2htpbmj”]Doctors routinely graft skin from humans and pigs to burns, but fish skins have the advantage of being more readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made little spring rolls with their feet,” Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ordinary cloth bandages can block animals’ intestines if the animals eat them, which they often do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919054\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919054 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Bear paw with fish skin on it. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bears being treated by Dr. Laura Peyton, Chief of Integrated medicine at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife on January 8, 2017. Peyton fit biologic bandages made from tilapia skin onto the badly burned paw pads of the bears.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the bears initially laid down continuously to spare her burned paws, not wanting to stand or walk at all, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the first time we put the bandages on, she woke up, she stood up,” and showed interest in her surroundings, she said. Both bears were soon walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results argue for more trials of the fish skins for burns, the vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After weeks of treatment, wildlife officials released the bears back into the burned Los Padres National Forest last week.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Veterinarians successfully used alternative medical treatments such as acupuncture on three wild animals burned in the Southern California wildfires, although one patient — a 5-month-old mountain lion — did keep eating his fish-skin and corn-husk bandages, vets at the University of California, Davis said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We made little spring rolls with their feet,’ \u003ccite>Jamie Peyton, veterinarian\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rescuers brought two adult bears, one of them pregnant, and the young mountain lion to veterinarians with the state Department of Fish and Wildlife and the university after the animals were hurt in the largest wildfire in state history. They were found in the Los Padres National Forest, whose mountains stretch through badly burned areas of Santa Barbara and Ventura counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919051\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1919051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg\" alt=\"Two red burned paws.\" width=\"640\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-960x638.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/burnedbearfeet.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bear brought to CDFW Wildlife Investigations Lab has severe third-degree burns on its paw. \u003ccite>(Karin Higgins / UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The bears had suffered third-degree burns on all their paws, said Jamie Peyton, chief of the Integrative Medicine Service at the university’s vet school. The cub also burned all four paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standard pain treatment is a problem for both the animals and their caregivers when it comes to wildlife with sharp teeth and claws, Peyton said. For safety, vets have to heavily sedate the animals every time they change their bandages or otherwise care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can only anesthetize them so many times,” Peyton said. “It’s hard on them. We can’t do that to them every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919055\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919055 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear's paw.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bears-burned-paw-ap-ps-180125_3x2_992.jpg 992w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The fish scale pattern from tilapia skin visible on the bottom of the bear’s paw. \u003ccite>(California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Putting pain pills in food also is problematic, because there’s no guarantee the animals will eat them, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Peyton and her colleagues used some of the alternative methods she already employs with other animals, including acupuncture, chiropractic treatment, and cold-laser therapy. Many health-insurance companies consider some of the treatments experimental or unproven, and do not always cover their costs in human patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vets carried out the alternative treatments only on days when the bears and mountain lion were already anesthetized for bandage changes or other standard care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I adore them, but they’re wild,” Peyton explained.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Oz3EB5AUpQA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Oz3EB5AUpQA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Another form of treatment seemed most helpful of all for the bears, vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California vets stitched the fish skins to the animals’ burned paws, then wrapped the treated feet with bandages of rice paper and corn husks, after reading about trials on human burn victims in Brazil that placed treated skins from tilapia, a ubiquitous species of fish, on burn victims to soothe pain and promote healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Doctors routinely graft skin from humans and pigs to burns, but fish skins have the advantage of being more readily available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We made little spring rolls with their feet,” Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ordinary cloth bandages can block animals’ intestines if the animals eat them, which they often do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1919054\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1919054 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"Bear paw with fish skin on it. \" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/bearwithfishskin.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bears being treated by Dr. Laura Peyton, Chief of Integrated medicine at the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife on January 8, 2017. Peyton fit biologic bandages made from tilapia skin onto the badly burned paw pads of the bears.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the bears initially laid down continuously to spare her burned paws, not wanting to stand or walk at all, Peyton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the first time we put the bandages on, she woke up, she stood up,” and showed interest in her surroundings, she said. Both bears were soon walking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results argue for more trials of the fish skins for burns, the vets said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After weeks of treatment, wildlife officials released the bears back into the burned Los Padres National Forest last week.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Here’s a sobering thought:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies have shown that as we look out to 2030, global demand for water is expected to outstrip supply by 40 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So says Brooke Barton with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CERES, a Boston-based non-profit\u003c/a> that helps businesses build sustainability into their work, including water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, that’s a challenge that’s just not on the radar of a lot of companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s surprising how many companies and manufacturing facilities around the world aren’t even measuring how much water they use,” Barton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CERES is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/campaigns/connect-the-drops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trying to change that\u003c/a>, by tracking food companies’ progress using less water, and by appealing to their self-interest; tracking and cutting water use can save corporations a lot of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Especially in some areas where we produce, water is a challenge. Water is a premium.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Bart Sights, Levi Strauss\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Barton says that message is getting through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing is a growing cadre of companies who are shifting direction and elevating this as a priority in their business,” says Barton, who highlighted Levi’s and PepsiCo as two examples of corporate leaders in water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PepsiCo produces many types of beverages – including Gatorade – as well as many types of chips like Cheetos, Ruffles, and Tostitos. At a massive Gatorade facility just outside of Phoenix, in the city of Tolleson, Arizona, bottling lines fill 600 containers per minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing grape, we’re doing fruit punch, we’re doing lemon lime,” says Tim Carey, who directs sustainability programs for PepsiCo Beverages in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey says the company started investing in water efficiency four years ago in water-scarce Arizona. Since then, they’ve seen a 24 percent reduction in water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918758\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918758\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-800x612.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-800x612.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-768x588.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-1180x903.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-960x735.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-240x184.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-375x287.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-520x398.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PepsiCo is now saving $1.5 million annually at its Gatorade processing facility in Tolleson, AZ and using 24 percent less water. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s about a hundred million gallons of water that were used in 2013 every year that we do not use this year,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates into $1.5 million of annual cost savings, music to the ears of Carey’s corporate bosses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how’d Pepsi do it? It starts with cleaning all those empty bottles. Water is out; air is in. Pulses of air remove dust particles from sterilized bottles.\u003cdel>\u003c/del>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another water-saving step: more efficient filtering of the water used in\u003cdel>\u003c/del> Gatorade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Originally we would just do a single pass-through, reverse osmosis. We’d use the clean water in our operation and the rest would go to drain,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water is now re-captured and cleaned again. Previously, Pepsi recovered 80 percent of the water used here; now they recover 87 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water and Power\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepsi’s next trick can be found on the rooftop. Carey opens a hatch and emerges into the bright Arizona sun. “On top of this roof we have a field of solar panels that covers about 700,000 square feet,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s like 12 football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just what do solar panels have to do with saving water? It goes back to the local utility. Most power plants use tremendous amounts of water to generate electricity, boiling water to create steam or using water as a coolant. The less power Pepsi draws from the grid, the less water is used at the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And because we’re all in the same watershed, we’re saving water in Arizona in the watershed that supplies us,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dXijkgRA7cTCewDbD8hiOv3rz12YXaBH”]That, in turn, helps maintain the long-term viability of Pepsi’s operations in Tolleson. Pepsi is also working with The Nature Conservancy in Arizona and elsewhere, experimenting with ways to replenish local watersheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond Arizona, Pepsi has set a goal to reduce its water use an additional 25 percent by 2025 (compared to 2015) at all its food and beverage facilities worldwide. By that same year, the company plans to replenish 100 percent of the water it uses in manufacturing operations in high-risk water areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepsi may be leading the way, but what it’s doing isn’t exactly splitting the atom. So why are corporations like PepsiCo just making these changes now? Why weren’t these things done 25 years ago?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey says water has long been cheap and CEO’s just didn’t think about sustainability as a business advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People didn’t say, ‘Oh what can I do to save water?’ she says. “Second thing is they probably did what I call ‘the gross stuff.’ They did the big water savings projects, which were fairly obvious. We’re at the precision scale now where we say: How can we tune our operations? How can we buy equipment and make it operate just perfectly?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenges will be different for just about every plant, in just about every industry, but more companies are at least asking the questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wet Jeans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider Levi’s, where, strange as it might seem, water is a main ingredient for blue jeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This team is charged with coming up with new techniques every day,” says Bart Sights, who runs Levi Strauss & Co.’s “Eureka” lab near downtown San Francisco. “It’s time, temperature, pressure, mixture…”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab is a miniature factory at the forefront of denim technology. Hundreds of pairs of prototypes are stacked along the walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918761\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918761\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-800x594.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-768x570.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-240x178.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-375x278.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-520x386.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeans hanging in the Levi Strauss “reference library.” Many colors and patterns are created with water. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Each jean has a recipe,” he says. “It’s very similar to cooking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeans all start out with the same basic ingredient: dark denim fabric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Up until forty years or so ago, jeans were sold like this,” Sights says. “They were stiff and scratchy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, consumers choose from a huge variety: light, dark, faded, pre-shrunk, stone-washed. And those variations are created with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has several rows of washing machines, but at a full-scale Levi’s factory, each machine washes 300 pairs of jeans at a time. To get the right color and texture, some jeans are washed over and over, which uses a lot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a few years ago, the company developed machines that use ozone gas instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It reduces the color from something dark to something light without using very much water at all,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi Strauss has developed about a dozen other waterless techniques with the goal to use them in 80 percent of its products by 2020. That means rolling them out to factories around the world, from Egypt to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company hasn’t quantified how much water it plans to save but so far, it reports having saved \u003ca href=\"http://www.levistrauss.com/sustainability/planet/water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 200 million gallons\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To use less water is usually less expensive,” Sights says. “Especially in some areas where we produce, [where] water is a challenge. Water is a premium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thirsty Crop\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, most of the water in your jeans comes from growing the cotton itself, a notoriously thirsty crop. Levi’s doesn’t grow it, but \u003cstrong>is\u003c/strong> working on ways to reduce that water demand too, including sourcing fabric from the Better Cotton Initiative, which works with farmers to reduce water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s all the water that jeans use after we buy them, which makes up about a quarter of their total water footprint. Levi’s has found that Americans use more water to wash our jeans than consumers in Europe or China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among hard-core lovers of 501s, there is a movement to never wash their jeans, to develop a personalized patina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[For] true connoisseurs and aficionados, it’s the ultimate form of self-expression for people,” Sights says. “I never wash my jeans. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for everyone else, Sights has an easier option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we could just convince people in America to wash their jeans only every five times they wear them, that would move the needle.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here’s a sobering thought:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Studies have shown that as we look out to 2030, global demand for water is expected to outstrip supply by 40 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So says Brooke Barton with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CERES, a Boston-based non-profit\u003c/a> that helps businesses build sustainability into their work, including water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, that’s a challenge that’s just not on the radar of a lot of companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s surprising how many companies and manufacturing facilities around the world aren’t even measuring how much water they use,” Barton says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CERES is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/campaigns/connect-the-drops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">trying to change that\u003c/a>, by tracking food companies’ progress using less water, and by appealing to their self-interest; tracking and cutting water use can save corporations a lot of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Especially in some areas where we produce, water is a challenge. Water is a premium.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Bart Sights, Levi Strauss\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Barton says that message is getting through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing is a growing cadre of companies who are shifting direction and elevating this as a priority in their business,” says Barton, who highlighted Levi’s and PepsiCo as two examples of corporate leaders in water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PepsiCo produces many types of beverages – including Gatorade – as well as many types of chips like Cheetos, Ruffles, and Tostitos. At a massive Gatorade facility just outside of Phoenix, in the city of Tolleson, Arizona, bottling lines fill 600 containers per minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re doing grape, we’re doing fruit punch, we’re doing lemon lime,” says Tim Carey, who directs sustainability programs for PepsiCo Beverages in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey says the company started investing in water efficiency four years ago in water-scarce Arizona. Since then, they’ve seen a 24 percent reduction in water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918758\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918758\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-800x612.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-800x612.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-768x588.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-1180x903.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-960x735.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-240x184.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-375x287.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web-520x398.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Gatorade-bottles-web.jpg 1250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">PepsiCo is now saving $1.5 million annually at its Gatorade processing facility in Tolleson, AZ and using 24 percent less water. \u003ccite>(Jason Margolis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s about a hundred million gallons of water that were used in 2013 every year that we do not use this year,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That translates into $1.5 million of annual cost savings, music to the ears of Carey’s corporate bosses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, how’d Pepsi do it? It starts with cleaning all those empty bottles. Water is out; air is in. Pulses of air remove dust particles from sterilized bottles.\u003cdel>\u003c/del>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another water-saving step: more efficient filtering of the water used in\u003cdel>\u003c/del> Gatorade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Originally we would just do a single pass-through, reverse osmosis. We’d use the clean water in our operation and the rest would go to drain,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water is now re-captured and cleaned again. Previously, Pepsi recovered 80 percent of the water used here; now they recover 87 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water and Power\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepsi’s next trick can be found on the rooftop. Carey opens a hatch and emerges into the bright Arizona sun. “On top of this roof we have a field of solar panels that covers about 700,000 square feet,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s like 12 football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just what do solar panels have to do with saving water? It goes back to the local utility. Most power plants use tremendous amounts of water to generate electricity, boiling water to create steam or using water as a coolant. The less power Pepsi draws from the grid, the less water is used at the power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And because we’re all in the same watershed, we’re saving water in Arizona in the watershed that supplies us,” says Carey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That, in turn, helps maintain the long-term viability of Pepsi’s operations in Tolleson. Pepsi is also working with The Nature Conservancy in Arizona and elsewhere, experimenting with ways to replenish local watersheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond Arizona, Pepsi has set a goal to reduce its water use an additional 25 percent by 2025 (compared to 2015) at all its food and beverage facilities worldwide. By that same year, the company plans to replenish 100 percent of the water it uses in manufacturing operations in high-risk water areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepsi may be leading the way, but what it’s doing isn’t exactly splitting the atom. So why are corporations like PepsiCo just making these changes now? Why weren’t these things done 25 years ago?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carey says water has long been cheap and CEO’s just didn’t think about sustainability as a business advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People didn’t say, ‘Oh what can I do to save water?’ she says. “Second thing is they probably did what I call ‘the gross stuff.’ They did the big water savings projects, which were fairly obvious. We’re at the precision scale now where we say: How can we tune our operations? How can we buy equipment and make it operate just perfectly?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenges will be different for just about every plant, in just about every industry, but more companies are at least asking the questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wet Jeans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider Levi’s, where, strange as it might seem, water is a main ingredient for blue jeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This team is charged with coming up with new techniques every day,” says Bart Sights, who runs Levi Strauss & Co.’s “Eureka” lab near downtown San Francisco. “It’s time, temperature, pressure, mixture…”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab is a miniature factory at the forefront of denim technology. Hundreds of pairs of prototypes are stacked along the walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1918761\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1918761\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-800x594.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-768x570.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-240x178.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-375x278.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/01/Jeans3-web-520x386.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeans hanging in the Levi Strauss “reference library.” Many colors and patterns are created with water. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Each jean has a recipe,” he says. “It’s very similar to cooking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeans all start out with the same basic ingredient: dark denim fabric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Up until forty years or so ago, jeans were sold like this,” Sights says. “They were stiff and scratchy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, consumers choose from a huge variety: light, dark, faded, pre-shrunk, stone-washed. And those variations are created with water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has several rows of washing machines, but at a full-scale Levi’s factory, each machine washes 300 pairs of jeans at a time. To get the right color and texture, some jeans are washed over and over, which uses a lot of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a few years ago, the company developed machines that use ozone gas instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It reduces the color from something dark to something light without using very much water at all,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levi Strauss has developed about a dozen other waterless techniques with the goal to use them in 80 percent of its products by 2020. That means rolling them out to factories around the world, from Egypt to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company hasn’t quantified how much water it plans to save but so far, it reports having saved \u003ca href=\"http://www.levistrauss.com/sustainability/planet/water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 200 million gallons\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To use less water is usually less expensive,” Sights says. “Especially in some areas where we produce, [where] water is a challenge. Water is a premium.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thirsty Crop\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, most of the water in your jeans comes from growing the cotton itself, a notoriously thirsty crop. Levi’s doesn’t grow it, but \u003cstrong>is\u003c/strong> working on ways to reduce that water demand too, including sourcing fabric from the Better Cotton Initiative, which works with farmers to reduce water use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s all the water that jeans use after we buy them, which makes up about a quarter of their total water footprint. Levi’s has found that Americans use more water to wash our jeans than consumers in Europe or China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among hard-core lovers of 501s, there is a movement to never wash their jeans, to develop a personalized patina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[For] true connoisseurs and aficionados, it’s the ultimate form of self-expression for people,” Sights says. “I never wash my jeans. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for everyone else, Sights has an easier option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we could just convince people in America to wash their jeans only every five times they wear them, that would move the needle.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Challenge: Visionary, Practical Plans for Rising Bay Waters ... in Four Months",
"headTitle": "The Challenge: Visionary, Practical Plans for Rising Bay Waters … in Four Months | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Ready. Set. Innovate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of field studies and preparation, design teams in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Resilient by Design Bay Area Challenge\u003c/a> are now paired up with communities around the Bay, ready to develop sustainable \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/11/16/racing-rising-seas-in-the-bay-area-design-teams-roll-out-big-ideas/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">visions for the future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The projects are all designed to elevate (either literally or not) the Bay Area’s resilience to imminent or long-term threats such as rising sea levels and earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the next four months, the ten teams of architects, designers and other specialists drawn from nine countries will actively engage with local communities. Some ambitious early versions were rolled out in November. Now they’ll explore what’s practical as well as visionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assignments include (clockwise around the Bay):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oakland:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/the-all-bay-collective/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">All Bay Collective\u003c/a> will take on projects in San Leandro Bay and at the Oakland Coliseum site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Union City:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/public-sediment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public Sediment\u003c/a> team aims to revive mud flows from Alameda Creek, into the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>South Bay:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/the-field-operations-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Field Operations\u003c/a> team has ideas on the drawing board for several South Bay locations, including Palo Alto, East Palo Alto, and Sunnyvale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Mateo County:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/hassell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hassell +\u003c/a> will focus on South San Francisco and areas on the Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/big-one-sherwood/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Big+One+Sherwood\u003c/a> team will focus on San Francisco, particularly the Bayview and Islais Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Rafael:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/bionic-team\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> BionicTeam\u003c/a> will take on San Rafael’s low-lying Canal District, one of the most vulnerable locations in Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Pablo Bay:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/common-ground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Common Ground\u003c/a> will work on solutions for the vulnerable Highway 37 and shoreline locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vallejo:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/team-uplift\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uplift team\u003c/a> will attempt to protect and reinvigorate the Vallejo waterfront, including the underutilized Mare Island, site of the former naval shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Richmond:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/the-home-team\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Home Team\u003c/a> heads to North Richmond to develop ideas for Point San Pablo and nearby neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Regional:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/permaculture-social-equity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">P+SET\u003c/a> will take a regional approach, working on resilience for all nine counties bordering the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point there are no guarantees — and no money to make these projects happen. It’s up to the designers, engineers, and the local communities with which they’re teamed to come up with designs that are both innovative and practical, and approaches to getting them funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local community engagement will ground our team’s thinking in the present, while we think long-term,” said Oakland team member Claire Bonham-Carter in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Done right, plans will address multiple challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqxT-pbik60&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked a simple question,” says Roger Sherman, design director at the Gensler architectural firm in Los Angeles. “Where is the one or several places where you could intervene in a very focused way and have the greatest single impact upon the widest geographic area?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sherman’s Uplift team, the answer came up “Vallejo,” a community that lacks good connections to Bay Area transit options — and where high-tide flooding of nearby Highway 37 during the storm season is already a recurring nightmare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It turned out to be a place where transportation — 37 in particular — was something that was under imminent threat,” recalls Sherman, “because of sea level rise and flooding that would create a certain amount of havoc in terms of circulation around the North Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the challenge is to come up with holistic approaches with potential benefits beyond each local project. It’s like acupuncture, says Sherman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The solution to the problem may exist somewhere other than where you see it surface.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teams will present their plans in mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ready. Set. Innovate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of field studies and preparation, design teams in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Resilient by Design Bay Area Challenge\u003c/a> are now paired up with communities around the Bay, ready to develop sustainable \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/11/16/racing-rising-seas-in-the-bay-area-design-teams-roll-out-big-ideas/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">visions for the future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The projects are all designed to elevate (either literally or not) the Bay Area’s resilience to imminent or long-term threats such as rising sea levels and earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the next four months, the ten teams of architects, designers and other specialists drawn from nine countries will actively engage with local communities. Some ambitious early versions were rolled out in November. Now they’ll explore what’s practical as well as visionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assignments include (clockwise around the Bay):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oakland:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/the-all-bay-collective/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">All Bay Collective\u003c/a> will take on projects in San Leandro Bay and at the Oakland Coliseum site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Union City:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/public-sediment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public Sediment\u003c/a> team aims to revive mud flows from Alameda Creek, into the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>South Bay:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/the-field-operations-team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Field Operations\u003c/a> team has ideas on the drawing board for several South Bay locations, including Palo Alto, East Palo Alto, and Sunnyvale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Mateo County:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/hassell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hassell +\u003c/a> will focus on South San Francisco and areas on the Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/big-one-sherwood/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Big+One+Sherwood\u003c/a> team will focus on San Francisco, particularly the Bayview and Islais Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Rafael:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/bionic-team\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> BionicTeam\u003c/a> will take on San Rafael’s low-lying Canal District, one of the most vulnerable locations in Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Pablo Bay:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/common-ground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Common Ground\u003c/a> will work on solutions for the vulnerable Highway 37 and shoreline locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vallejo:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/team-uplift\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uplift team\u003c/a> will attempt to protect and reinvigorate the Vallejo waterfront, including the underutilized Mare Island, site of the former naval shipyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Richmond:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/the-home-team\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Home Team\u003c/a> heads to North Richmond to develop ideas for Point San Pablo and nearby neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Regional:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/permaculture-social-equity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">P+SET\u003c/a> will take a regional approach, working on resilience for all nine counties bordering the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point there are no guarantees — and no money to make these projects happen. It’s up to the designers, engineers, and the local communities with which they’re teamed to come up with designs that are both innovative and practical, and approaches to getting them funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local community engagement will ground our team’s thinking in the present, while we think long-term,” said Oakland team member Claire Bonham-Carter in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Done right, plans will address multiple challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/eqxT-pbik60'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/eqxT-pbik60'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked a simple question,” says Roger Sherman, design director at the Gensler architectural firm in Los Angeles. “Where is the one or several places where you could intervene in a very focused way and have the greatest single impact upon the widest geographic area?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Sherman’s Uplift team, the answer came up “Vallejo,” a community that lacks good connections to Bay Area transit options — and where high-tide flooding of nearby Highway 37 during the storm season is already a recurring nightmare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It turned out to be a place where transportation — 37 in particular — was something that was under imminent threat,” recalls Sherman, “because of sea level rise and flooding that would create a certain amount of havoc in terms of circulation around the North Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the challenge is to come up with holistic approaches with potential benefits beyond each local project. It’s like acupuncture, says Sherman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The solution to the problem may exist somewhere other than where you see it surface.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teams will present their plans in mid-May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "After Florida Gets Offshore Drilling Exemption, Other States Ask For The Same",
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"content": "\u003cp>After the Trump administration promised Florida that the state would be exempt from expanded offshore oil drilling, other coastal states had just one question: “What about us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either. Where do we sign up for a waiver?’\u003ccite>New York Governor Andrew Cuomo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>From Oregon to South Carolina, governors and other leaders are publicly noting that Florida does not have a monopoly on picturesque coasts, tourist economies or local opposition to offshore drilling. But currently, it’s the only state to have received a pledge from the administration that it won’t be considered for new oil and gas platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”FT5gYVvbtUMcmhZi3Fw7GNJLD20ui828″]”New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either,” tweeted New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo. “Where do we sign up for a waiver?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the news broke about Republican-governed Florida, Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepAdamSchiff/status/950933669660844032\">asked\u003c/a> whether there are different rules for blue states like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster, a Republican, \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article193927974.html\">told reporters in South Carolina\u003c/a> he plans to ask the Trump administration for an exemption, calling it “a matter of serious importance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced the proposed plan to sell offshore drilling licenses in waters that were protected under the Obama administration. The proposal would take effect in 2019, as NPR’s Merrit Kennedy \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">reported\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The plan would determine the size, timing and location of leasing activities and would replace President Barack Obama’s 2017-2022 program. It includes all but one of 26 “planning areas” in federal waters off U.S. coastlines, making up about 90 percent of the outer continental shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s in comparison with the 94 percent that is now off limits, according to the administration. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The proposed change is welcomed by the oil and gas industry. In a statement, the National Ocean Industries Association praised Zinke ‘for offering the broadest possible acreage for potential inclusion in our nation’s next offshore leasing program.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Meanwhile, environmental organizations are alarmed and stress that it could place wildlife and coastal communities at risk of a spill.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But one week later came the carve-out for Florida. In a statement released Tuesday, Zinke praised Florida Gov. Rick Scott as “a straightforward leader that can be trusted,” and made a pledge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“President Trump has directed me to rebuild our offshore oil and gas program in a manner that supports our national energy policy and also takes into consideration the local and state voice. I support the governor’s position that Florida is unique and its coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver. As a result of discussion with Governor [Scott] and his leadership, I am removing Florida from consideration for any new oil and gas platforms.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Richard Gonzales reported, “Zinke did not say whether he would meet with governors of other coastal states to hear their concerns or whether Interior officials had consulted with Scott before the announcement last week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeking a similar exemption for California, the state’s attorney general, Xavier Becerra, used some of Zinke’s own words to tweet, “California is also ‘unique’ & our ‘coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver.’ Our ‘local and state voice’ is firmly opposed to any and all offshore drilling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra added, “we, too, should be removed from your list. Immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California experienced one of the worst oil spills in U.S. history in 1969, from an offshore drilling site near Santa Barbara, as member station KPCC \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/01/04/79541/trump-moves-to-vastly-expand-california-offshore-d/\">notes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No federal leases have been granted off the California coast since 1984,” KPCC writes, and new state leases have been banned for decades. Drilling has continued on older, pre-existing leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, 69 percent of Californians oppose offshore drilling,” KPCC reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the West Coast, the governors of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/OregonGovBrown/status/950901385205182464\">Oregon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GovInslee/status/951136584178417664\">Washington\u003c/a> signaled that they’d like to be “off the table,” too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virginia Sen. Tim Kaine \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/timkaine/status/950882538318450688\">says\u003c/a> Virginia’s governor and governor-elect have both asked for an exemption, unsuccessfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, as \u003cem>Governing \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/topics/transportation-infrastructure/gov-trump-florida-offshore-drilling-states.html\">notes\u003c/a>, it’s a little surprising that the Trump administration opted to make an exception for Florida — not just because of the backlash from other states but because of the potential profit in the eastern Gulf, right off Florida’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-10/trump-yanks-florida-from-offshore-drilling-plan-after-objections\">Bloomberg explains\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The eastern Gulf of Mexico was believed to be the most tempting new prospect for oil companies in the expansive Trump administration draft, because it is close to existing pipelines and processing facilities — not to mention the refineries in Texas and Louisiana. … And the same geological trends that have yielded major oil discoveries in other parts of the Gulf could be replicated in its easternmost reaches.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about the federal policy on offshore drilling in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">Merrit’s story\u003c/a> from last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Florida+Gets+Offshore+Drilling+Exemption%2C+Other+States+Ask+For+The+Same&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After the Trump administration promised Florida that the state would be exempt from expanded offshore oil drilling, other coastal states had just one question: “What about us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either. Where do we sign up for a waiver?’\u003ccite>New York Governor Andrew Cuomo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>From Oregon to South Carolina, governors and other leaders are publicly noting that Florida does not have a monopoly on picturesque coasts, tourist economies or local opposition to offshore drilling. But currently, it’s the only state to have received a pledge from the administration that it won’t be considered for new oil and gas platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”New York doesn’t want drilling off our coast either,” tweeted New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo. “Where do we sign up for a waiver?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the news broke about Republican-governed Florida, Rep. Adam Schiff, D-Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepAdamSchiff/status/950933669660844032\">asked\u003c/a> whether there are different rules for blue states like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, South Carolina Gov. Henry McMaster, a Republican, \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article193927974.html\">told reporters in South Carolina\u003c/a> he plans to ask the Trump administration for an exemption, calling it “a matter of serious importance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke announced the proposed plan to sell offshore drilling licenses in waters that were protected under the Obama administration. The proposal would take effect in 2019, as NPR’s Merrit Kennedy \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">reported\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The plan would determine the size, timing and location of leasing activities and would replace President Barack Obama’s 2017-2022 program. It includes all but one of 26 “planning areas” in federal waters off U.S. coastlines, making up about 90 percent of the outer continental shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s in comparison with the 94 percent that is now off limits, according to the administration. …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The proposed change is welcomed by the oil and gas industry. In a statement, the National Ocean Industries Association praised Zinke ‘for offering the broadest possible acreage for potential inclusion in our nation’s next offshore leasing program.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Meanwhile, environmental organizations are alarmed and stress that it could place wildlife and coastal communities at risk of a spill.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But one week later came the carve-out for Florida. In a statement released Tuesday, Zinke praised Florida Gov. Rick Scott as “a straightforward leader that can be trusted,” and made a pledge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“President Trump has directed me to rebuild our offshore oil and gas program in a manner that supports our national energy policy and also takes into consideration the local and state voice. I support the governor’s position that Florida is unique and its coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver. As a result of discussion with Governor [Scott] and his leadership, I am removing Florida from consideration for any new oil and gas platforms.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Richard Gonzales reported, “Zinke did not say whether he would meet with governors of other coastal states to hear their concerns or whether Interior officials had consulted with Scott before the announcement last week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeking a similar exemption for California, the state’s attorney general, Xavier Becerra, used some of Zinke’s own words to tweet, “California is also ‘unique’ & our ‘coasts are heavily reliant on tourism as an economic driver.’ Our ‘local and state voice’ is firmly opposed to any and all offshore drilling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra added, “we, too, should be removed from your list. Immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California experienced one of the worst oil spills in U.S. history in 1969, from an offshore drilling site near Santa Barbara, as member station KPCC \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/news/2018/01/04/79541/trump-moves-to-vastly-expand-california-offshore-d/\">notes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No federal leases have been granted off the California coast since 1984,” KPCC writes, and new state leases have been banned for decades. Drilling has continued on older, pre-existing leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, 69 percent of Californians oppose offshore drilling,” KPCC reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the West Coast, the governors of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/OregonGovBrown/status/950901385205182464\">Oregon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GovInslee/status/951136584178417664\">Washington\u003c/a> signaled that they’d like to be “off the table,” too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virginia Sen. Tim Kaine \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/timkaine/status/950882538318450688\">says\u003c/a> Virginia’s governor and governor-elect have both asked for an exemption, unsuccessfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, as \u003cem>Governing \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/topics/transportation-infrastructure/gov-trump-florida-offshore-drilling-states.html\">notes\u003c/a>, it’s a little surprising that the Trump administration opted to make an exception for Florida — not just because of the backlash from other states but because of the potential profit in the eastern Gulf, right off Florida’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-10/trump-yanks-florida-from-offshore-drilling-plan-after-objections\">Bloomberg explains\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The eastern Gulf of Mexico was believed to be the most tempting new prospect for oil companies in the expansive Trump administration draft, because it is close to existing pipelines and processing facilities — not to mention the refineries in Texas and Louisiana. … And the same geological trends that have yielded major oil discoveries in other parts of the Gulf could be replicated in its easternmost reaches.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read more about the federal policy on offshore drilling in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575441542/trump-administration-opens-door-to-dramatic-expansion-of-offshore-energy-leases\">Merrit’s story\u003c/a> from last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Florida+Gets+Offshore+Drilling+Exemption%2C+Other+States+Ask+For+The+Same&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A top-secret multi-billion dollar U.S. spy satellite \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-sends-new-research-to-space-station-aboard-spacex-resupply-mission\">launched from Cape Canaveral on Sunday\u003c/a> reportedly failed to separate from the upper stage of its SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket and never reached orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology website \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/01/the-zuma-satellite-launched-by-spacex-may-be-lost-sources-tell-ars/\">Ars Technica cites one source\u003c/a> as saying the “the payload fell back to Earth along with the spent upper stage of the Falcon 9 rocket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The satellite, code-named Zuma, appears to be “a write-off,” according to a source quoted by Reuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Sunday’s launch, SpaceX initially broadcast ground control communications, but switched it off several minutes into the flight, citing the secret nature of the payload. Speaking on Monday, SpaceX spokesman James Gleeson appeared to be sticking with the commercial space-launch service’s initial assessment of the launch: “We do not comment on missions of this nature; but as of right now reviews of the data indicate Falcon 9 performed nominally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northrup Grumman, the manufacturer of Zuma, also declined to comment. The Falls Church, Va., based defense contractor built Zuma and was responsible for choosing SpaceX to launch it, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-spy-satellite-believed-lost-after-spacex-mission-fails-1515462479\">according to sources quoted in The Wall Street Journal.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No details of the satellite, or which government agency was to have operated it, have been made public. The \u003cem>Journal’s\u003c/em> source said an investigation of the launch is under way, but there is no immediate sign of sabotage or other interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there was no official confirmation of the satellite’s loss, the U.S. Strategic Command, which monitors 23,000 man-made objects in space, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-09/spacex-launched-satellite-isn-t-seen-in-orbit-pentagon-says?utm_content=tech&utm_campaign=socialflow-organic&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&cmpid%3D=socialflow-twitter-tech\">told Bloomberg\u003c/a> that it was not tracking any new satellites since Sunday’s launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have nothing to add to the satellite catalog at this time,” Navy Captain Brook DeWalt, a spokesman for the command, wrote in an email to Bloomberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SpaceX, run by entrepreneur Elon Musk, has sent more than a dozen resupply missions to the International Space Station, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-sends-new-research-to-space-station-aboard-spacex-resupply-mission\">most recently in December.\u003c/a> The company launched its first satellite for the U.S. military in May of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Spy+Satellite+Reportedly+%27Write+Off%27+After+Failing+To+Reach+Orbit&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The multi-billion dollar satellite, launched by SpaceX, was initially thought to have made a successful low-Earth orbit, but there have been several unconfirmed reports since indicating it is lost.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A top-secret multi-billion dollar U.S. spy satellite \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-sends-new-research-to-space-station-aboard-spacex-resupply-mission\">launched from Cape Canaveral on Sunday\u003c/a> reportedly failed to separate from the upper stage of its SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket and never reached orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology website \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/01/the-zuma-satellite-launched-by-spacex-may-be-lost-sources-tell-ars/\">Ars Technica cites one source\u003c/a> as saying the “the payload fell back to Earth along with the spent upper stage of the Falcon 9 rocket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The satellite, code-named Zuma, appears to be “a write-off,” according to a source quoted by Reuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Sunday’s launch, SpaceX initially broadcast ground control communications, but switched it off several minutes into the flight, citing the secret nature of the payload. Speaking on Monday, SpaceX spokesman James Gleeson appeared to be sticking with the commercial space-launch service’s initial assessment of the launch: “We do not comment on missions of this nature; but as of right now reviews of the data indicate Falcon 9 performed nominally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northrup Grumman, the manufacturer of Zuma, also declined to comment. The Falls Church, Va., based defense contractor built Zuma and was responsible for choosing SpaceX to launch it, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-spy-satellite-believed-lost-after-spacex-mission-fails-1515462479\">according to sources quoted in The Wall Street Journal.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No details of the satellite, or which government agency was to have operated it, have been made public. The \u003cem>Journal’s\u003c/em> source said an investigation of the launch is under way, but there is no immediate sign of sabotage or other interference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although there was no official confirmation of the satellite’s loss, the U.S. Strategic Command, which monitors 23,000 man-made objects in space, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-09/spacex-launched-satellite-isn-t-seen-in-orbit-pentagon-says?utm_content=tech&utm_campaign=socialflow-organic&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&cmpid%3D=socialflow-twitter-tech\">told Bloomberg\u003c/a> that it was not tracking any new satellites since Sunday’s launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have nothing to add to the satellite catalog at this time,” Navy Captain Brook DeWalt, a spokesman for the command, wrote in an email to Bloomberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SpaceX, run by entrepreneur Elon Musk, has sent more than a dozen resupply missions to the International Space Station, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-sends-new-research-to-space-station-aboard-spacex-resupply-mission\">most recently in December.\u003c/a> The company launched its first satellite for the U.S. military in May of last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Spy+Satellite+Reportedly+%27Write+Off%27+After+Failing+To+Reach+Orbit&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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