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"content": "\u003cp>A San Francisco jury on Friday ordered chemical giant Monsanto to pay $289 million to a former school groundskeeper dying of cancer, saying the company’s popular Roundup weed killer contributed to his disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit brought by Dewayne Johnson was the first to go to trial among hundreds filed in state and federal courts saying Roundup causes non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which Monsanto denies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto was acquired by the German company Bayer AG in a deal that was completed in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jurors in state Superior Court agreed the product contributed to Johnson’s cancer and the company should have provided a label warning of the potential health hazard. Johnson’s attorneys sought and won $39 million in compensatory damages and $250 million of the $373 million they wanted in punitive damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This jury found Monsanto acted with malice and oppression because they knew what they were doing was wrong and doing it with reckless disregard for human life,” said Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a member of Johnson’s legal team. “This should send a strong message to the boardroom of Monsanto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial was expedited due to Johnson’s terminal illness; doctors say he only has months to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Allegations of Cover-up\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson, 46, is a father of three who contended that Monsanto covered up research linking the weedkiller Roundup to cancer.[contextly_sidebar id=”Y6KruJH68e8Vwwwz9FzuP7UTlsOlQ6aC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He routinely applied Roundup during his employment with the Benicia school district. Lawyers for Johnson showed photos of him with severe skin lesions, which they say were developed from regular exposure to Roundup. From \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2018/07/09/monsanto-trial-roundup-cancer-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBS News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>He sprayed large quantities from a 50-gallon tank attached to a truck, his attorney, Brent Wisner, told jurors during his opening statement. When the wind was gusty, it would cover his face, Wisner said. When a hose broke once, it soaked his entire body.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Johnson was ultimately diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit also accused Monsanto of intimidating scientists. It said the company covered up research showing that glyphosate, the main chemical in Roundup, can cause cancer. From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/nation/article/Does-Roundup-cause-cancer-Patient-s-case-13061244.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>He claims in his lawsuit that Monsanto not only failed to warn people about the “dangerous characteristics” of its product, but actually “championed falsified data and attacked legitimate studies” in a “prolonged campaign of misinformation.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>When an expert hired by the company raised concerns about the product’s health risks, Wisner said the company sought to find a different expert rather than warn consumers. From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jul/09/monsanto-trial-roundup-weedkiller-cancer-dewayne-johnson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guardian\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Wisner further cited Monsanto emails from decades prior, in which the company was working with a genotoxicity expert who reviewed a series of 1990s studies. He raised concerns about Roundup impacts on humans and suggested further areas of research. After the expert’s analyses, Monsanto representatives began considering finding a different expert and also started working on a press statement saying the product carried no risk, according to Johnson’s lawyer.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s defense pointed to a decision in 2015 by the World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/2016/glyphosate_IARC2016.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to classify\u003c/a> glyphosate as “probably carcinogenic to humans.”[contextly_sidebar id=”hKjmOH4ZcBGSLIh7uozgzvSo7MNiTgBv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of countries have \u003ca href=\"http://responsibletechnology.org/irtnew/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2-Glyphosate-Bans-and-Restrictions-Across-the-Globe.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">since banned or restricted\u003c/a> the sale and use of glyphosate. In 2017, California added glyphosate to its list of carcinogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pitting Science Against Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for Monsanto accused Johnson’s lawyers of “cherrypicking” studies and countered with \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/glyphosate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings by the Environmental Protection Agency deeming the product safe to use\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also told the jury that non-Hodgkin lymphoma takes years to develop and therefore, Johnson must have contracted the illness before he began working for the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scientific evidence is overwhelming that glyphosate-based products do not cause cancer and did not cause Mr. Johnson’s cancer,” Monsanto attorney George Lombardi said in court.[contextly_sidebar id=”SmJymgaTmxwcBrRL80LiXyGEYwMY8ggy”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920399/us-judge-blocks-weed-killer-warning-label-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> recently blocked California\u003c/a> from requiring Monsanto to include a cancer warning label on Roundup weed killer, pointing to findings by government regulators that glyphosate is safe to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the outcome of the California trial won’t affect the other lawsuits, it could serve as a barometer of how the others might go.[contextly_sidebar id=”kwropuYeRNP2z1nG738B2G0XLbBFNLY0″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zen Honeycutt, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.momsacrossamerica.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moms Across America\u003c/a>, a group trying to get Roundup taken off store shelves, called it the “trial of the century.” From the Chronicle:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The health, economy, and future of America depends on eliminating exposure to toxic chemical products such as Roundup,” she told the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with the Guardian, Timothy Litzenburg, one of Johnson’s lawyers, called his client “incredibly brave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever happens … his sons will get to know that their dad was brave enough to go up against Monsanto completely alone, and first, before he died.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The jury ordered Monsanto to pay Dewayne Lee Johnson, who is dying from terminal Hodgkin’s lymphoma, nearly $290 million in damages.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A San Francisco jury on Friday ordered chemical giant Monsanto to pay $289 million to a former school groundskeeper dying of cancer, saying the company’s popular Roundup weed killer contributed to his disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit brought by Dewayne Johnson was the first to go to trial among hundreds filed in state and federal courts saying Roundup causes non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, which Monsanto denies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monsanto was acquired by the German company Bayer AG in a deal that was completed in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jurors in state Superior Court agreed the product contributed to Johnson’s cancer and the company should have provided a label warning of the potential health hazard. Johnson’s attorneys sought and won $39 million in compensatory damages and $250 million of the $373 million they wanted in punitive damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This jury found Monsanto acted with malice and oppression because they knew what they were doing was wrong and doing it with reckless disregard for human life,” said Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a member of Johnson’s legal team. “This should send a strong message to the boardroom of Monsanto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial was expedited due to Johnson’s terminal illness; doctors say he only has months to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Allegations of Cover-up\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson, 46, is a father of three who contended that Monsanto covered up research linking the weedkiller Roundup to cancer.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He routinely applied Roundup during his employment with the Benicia school district. Lawyers for Johnson showed photos of him with severe skin lesions, which they say were developed from regular exposure to Roundup. From \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2018/07/09/monsanto-trial-roundup-cancer-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBS News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>He sprayed large quantities from a 50-gallon tank attached to a truck, his attorney, Brent Wisner, told jurors during his opening statement. When the wind was gusty, it would cover his face, Wisner said. When a hose broke once, it soaked his entire body.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Johnson was ultimately diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit also accused Monsanto of intimidating scientists. It said the company covered up research showing that glyphosate, the main chemical in Roundup, can cause cancer. From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/nation/article/Does-Roundup-cause-cancer-Patient-s-case-13061244.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>He claims in his lawsuit that Monsanto not only failed to warn people about the “dangerous characteristics” of its product, but actually “championed falsified data and attacked legitimate studies” in a “prolonged campaign of misinformation.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>When an expert hired by the company raised concerns about the product’s health risks, Wisner said the company sought to find a different expert rather than warn consumers. From the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/jul/09/monsanto-trial-roundup-weedkiller-cancer-dewayne-johnson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guardian\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Wisner further cited Monsanto emails from decades prior, in which the company was working with a genotoxicity expert who reviewed a series of 1990s studies. He raised concerns about Roundup impacts on humans and suggested further areas of research. After the expert’s analyses, Monsanto representatives began considering finding a different expert and also started working on a press statement saying the product carried no risk, according to Johnson’s lawyer.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Johnson’s defense pointed to a decision in 2015 by the World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/iarcnews/2016/glyphosate_IARC2016.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to classify\u003c/a> glyphosate as “probably carcinogenic to humans.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of countries have \u003ca href=\"http://responsibletechnology.org/irtnew/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2-Glyphosate-Bans-and-Restrictions-Across-the-Globe.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">since banned or restricted\u003c/a> the sale and use of glyphosate. In 2017, California added glyphosate to its list of carcinogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pitting Science Against Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for Monsanto accused Johnson’s lawyers of “cherrypicking” studies and countered with \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/glyphosate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings by the Environmental Protection Agency deeming the product safe to use\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also told the jury that non-Hodgkin lymphoma takes years to develop and therefore, Johnson must have contracted the illness before he began working for the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scientific evidence is overwhelming that glyphosate-based products do not cause cancer and did not cause Mr. Johnson’s cancer,” Monsanto attorney George Lombardi said in court.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920399/us-judge-blocks-weed-killer-warning-label-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> recently blocked California\u003c/a> from requiring Monsanto to include a cancer warning label on Roundup weed killer, pointing to findings by government regulators that glyphosate is safe to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the outcome of the California trial won’t affect the other lawsuits, it could serve as a barometer of how the others might go.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zen Honeycutt, the executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.momsacrossamerica.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Moms Across America\u003c/a>, a group trying to get Roundup taken off store shelves, called it the “trial of the century.” From the Chronicle:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The health, economy, and future of America depends on eliminating exposure to toxic chemical products such as Roundup,” she told the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with the Guardian, Timothy Litzenburg, one of Johnson’s lawyers, called his client “incredibly brave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever happens … his sons will get to know that their dad was brave enough to go up against Monsanto completely alone, and first, before he died.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Summertime is for road trips. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.atlasobscura.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atlas Obscura\u003c/a>\u003cem> teamed up with \u003c/em>All Things Considered\u003cem> to travel up the West Coast, from California to Washington, in search of “hidden wonders” — unique but overlooked people and places.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One morning a few weeks ago, René Corado was so excited that he forgot to eat breakfast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day, two antique cabinets were to be delivered to an unremarkable building in an exurban office park in Southern California. It’s home to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wfvz.org/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology\u003c/a>, where Corado works as the collections manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primary among the nonprofit’s holdings of natural history objects are about 1 million eggs, representing more than half of all known species and spanning from the present to some 200 years ago. It’s one of the largest collections of bird eggs anywhere in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was the eggs in those newly delivered cabinets — an estimated 1,200 — that stoked the 52-year-old Corado’s excitement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With steady hands, Corado extracted a mottled, off-white golden eagle egg — meticulously emptied of its contents through a single, tiny hole — from one of the drawers and began to scrutinize it carefully. He was looking for a “set mark,” a minuscule notation that connects the egg to a data card indicating the collector’s name, the species and when and where the egg had been taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual cards are missing for many old collections, like this one, which dates to the early 1900s and was donated by the elderly son of the collector. This is where Corado comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With his encyclopedic knowledge of eggs and their collectors — down to recognizing their handwriting — Corado fills in the missing pieces. He wants to give each egg a birth certificate and a life story. Only then, he says, “they are born again to scientists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just like detective work,” he says, “and I’m so excited because I’m finding all the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it turns out that the foundation’s archives include notes from other collectors that referred specifically to eggs in this collection, providing some of the missing data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s these data, contained in these pristine relics, that have given a new relevancy to eggs that could have languished, irrelevant, as forgotten museum collections or the trinkets of privileged men, the remnants of an obscure and now obsolete pastime. The eggs, many of which were collected from the mid-1800s to about 1940, provide an invaluable baseline for researchers studying a wide range of subjects, from avian populations’ genetics, behavior and physiology to environmental and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Egg collections are similar to libraries, holding a great amount of information about the biology of birds, and about their past, including from areas which have already been destroyed or largely altered by human activities,” says Miguel Angelo Marini, an ornithologist from the University of Brasilia, who used the collection in his study of the breeding habits of neotropical birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western Foundation is “a precious institution,” he says, which holds “a rare and almost unique collection of the traits and history of birds from all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are able to access the vast resources at the Western Foundation’s cavernous, 22,000-square-foot space in Camarillo, Calif., about halfway between Los Angeles and Santa Barbara. Inside, there are 900 chest-high metal cabinets, topped with some 1,800 preserved birds and nests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturalist, wildlife photographer and egg collector Ed Harrison founded the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology in 1956. Egg collecting had been particularly popular in the Victorian era, when museums and individuals traveled the world to collect specimens: from bean-size hummingbird eggs and fabulously speckled, spattered, strangely conical murre eggs to the few surviving gargantuan elephant bird eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg collectors tended to be men of leisure. Some, naturalists and ecologists, were careful and mindful of the impact they had. Others, with a more commercial bent, were indiscriminate, hoovering up islands’ worth of eggs at a go and putting species at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a conservation ethic grew in the early 20th century, and with the passage of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918, egg collections fell out of favor. By midcentury, natural history museums had begun setting their collections aside and even neglecting their upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison saw an opportunity to provide a home for orphaned collections, with the idea that scientific advances might one day make them useful again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take long for that instinct to be proved right. Bird eggs played a large role in sounding the alarm about the use of the pesticide DDT, as embodied in the 1962 publication of Rachel Carson’s book \u003cem>Silent Spring\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists began to link the use of DDT to the thinning of bird eggs and the decline in certain avian populations, historical collections became critical for comparison. The brown pelican, for example, was heavily affected by DDT. The Western Foundation has hundreds of sets of brown pelican eggs from the 1800s to 1950s — in other words, before the DDT era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ability to measure the thickness of old eggshells, and identify the presence of DDT in more recent, thinner specimens, sealed the case against the pesticide, which was banned in the United States for most uses in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the Western Foundation grew, and its collection came to focus on eggs. It was housed at first in Harrison’s home and a storage space, before moving to the current building in 1992. Today, the Western Foundation holds more than 400 museum and private egg collections. (It continues to accept certain types of egg collections.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the staff grew as well, to include a gardener from Guatemala — named René Corado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with Linnea Hall, a biologist and the foundation’s director, Corado has helped lead the Western Foundation for more than 15 years. But he traveled a long and difficult path from gardener to collections manager, from Guatemala to Camarillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a story he had never told anyone until one day in 2002.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, Hall and Corado were on a flight to New Orleans for a conference as Tropical Storm Isidore approached the Gulf Coast. Corado thought the plane would crash. So he began telling the story of a childhood that he had kept secret — from his wife of 30 years, from his kids — for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado was raised in El Chical, a village of just 13 houses, about a third of the way from the headwaters of Guatemala’s longest river, the nearly 300-mile Motagua, to its outlet on the Honduras border. One of eight children, Corado lived in rural poverty before his family moved to Guatemala City — where things grew worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado told Hall of how he rooted through a trash dump for food, fighting dogs for scraps. He eventually persauded his father to let him work as a \u003cem>lustrador,\u003c/em> a shoeshine boy. It was a world of drugs and dissolution, a position of particular shame, Corado says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the nightmare in Guatemala. Really, I wasn’t a kid; I was an adult already at the age of 8,” he says, looking particularly childlike for a man of 58, “but I learned a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1981, as the Guatemalan civil war intensified and fearing for his safety, Corado left his wife and young daughter and crossed the border to the United States. He spoke no English, had no friends, no papers and a sixth-grade education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He held many jobs, from welding cabinets to cooking in a Greek restaurant — and eventually found work, and a mentor, at the Western Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Harrison must have seen potential in the gardener who ate his lunch quickly so he could sit near biologists and eavesdrop on conversations he could barely understand. Harrison helped him learn English and sent him on research trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado became a U.S. citizen in 1986, graduated first in his class from high school, and in 2007 earned an associate degree from nearby Oxnard College. All the while, Corado was building his knowledge of the egg collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hearing Corado’s story, Hall insisted that he write a book about his life. They worked on it for a decade or so, as they collaborated on ornithological research in Southern California and in Guatemala, on the Motagua.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2001, Corado’s past and the Western Foundation’s future intersected, when he returned to his home village for the first time in more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the clean river of his youth, the Motagua had become an open sewer for communities and industries lining its banks. After the initial shock, he says, he dedicated himself to cleaning up the river. And as with DDT, eggs would play a key role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado and Hall collected and tested the eggs of species along the river, including those eaten by locals. They found alarming levels of heavy metals in the eggs — and by extension, they argued, in people who were eating these birds (and fish from the river).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They sent the research to government agencies in 2009; there was little response. But a couple of years later, Corado’s book, \u003cem>El Lustrador,\u003c/em> was published in Guatemala — and became a hit. His newfound fame earned him an audience with President Jimmy Morales, where Corado discussed his findings with the Guatemalan leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado’s influence and friendship with the president — along with a lawsuit filed by the government of neighboring Honduras — have led to a law mandating cleanup of the river, planned wastewater treatment plants, closure of a landfill that was draining into the river, and other, ongoing efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a circle,” Corado says, “and the circle closed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Guatemala research has spurred changes — and made even plainer the value of the Western Foundation’s vast resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s part of Hall’s vision for the foundation: to bring it out of the shadows and engage in current conservation research “to show that studying eggs and studying birds’ breeding still has relevancy in this day and age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ornithologists like John Bates, who is also a curator at the Field Museum in Chicago, are using the Western Foundation’s collection in research about climate change. His project examined historical egg specimens to determine that some birds in the Chicago area are laying their eggs earlier, probably as a result of rising temperatures. He knew that he wouldn’t find all the eggs he needed in his museum’s collection, so he turned to the Western Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Corado, the gardener turned ornithologist, is the perfect long-term caretaker of what Bates calls a “spectacular data set.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado is “intimately connected to every specimen that’s in this museum,” Hall says. And that connection has made him more than a steward. He’s a booster, a sleuth, one of the keys to unlocking the collection’s full potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My job here is to protect all of this,” Corado says. “I love every single one, and more or less I know where everybody is. I’m keeping an eye on them like every good father will do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Samir S. Patel is deputy editor of \u003c/em>Atlas Obscura.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Maureen Pao edited the Web story. Dylan Thuras, a founder of \u003c/em>Atlas Obscura,\u003cem> Matt Ozug, Renita Jablonski and Michael May reported, produced and edited the audio story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+A+Million+Eggs%2C+Putting+Together+Clues+About+Science%27s+Past+And+Future&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With steady hands, Corado extracted a mottled, off-white golden eagle egg — meticulously emptied of its contents through a single, tiny hole — from one of the drawers and began to scrutinize it carefully. He was looking for a “set mark,” a minuscule notation that connects the egg to a data card indicating the collector’s name, the species and when and where the egg had been taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual cards are missing for many old collections, like this one, which dates to the early 1900s and was donated by the elderly son of the collector. This is where Corado comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With his encyclopedic knowledge of eggs and their collectors — down to recognizing their handwriting — Corado fills in the missing pieces. He wants to give each egg a birth certificate and a life story. Only then, he says, “they are born again to scientists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just like detective work,” he says, “and I’m so excited because I’m finding all the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it turns out that the foundation’s archives include notes from other collectors that referred specifically to eggs in this collection, providing some of the missing data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s these data, contained in these pristine relics, that have given a new relevancy to eggs that could have languished, irrelevant, as forgotten museum collections or the trinkets of privileged men, the remnants of an obscure and now obsolete pastime. The eggs, many of which were collected from the mid-1800s to about 1940, provide an invaluable baseline for researchers studying a wide range of subjects, from avian populations’ genetics, behavior and physiology to environmental and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Egg collections are similar to libraries, holding a great amount of information about the biology of birds, and about their past, including from areas which have already been destroyed or largely altered by human activities,” says Miguel Angelo Marini, an ornithologist from the University of Brasilia, who used the collection in his study of the breeding habits of neotropical birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western Foundation is “a precious institution,” he says, which holds “a rare and almost unique collection of the traits and history of birds from all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are able to access the vast resources at the Western Foundation’s cavernous, 22,000-square-foot space in Camarillo, Calif., about halfway between Los Angeles and Santa Barbara. Inside, there are 900 chest-high metal cabinets, topped with some 1,800 preserved birds and nests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturalist, wildlife photographer and egg collector Ed Harrison founded the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology in 1956. Egg collecting had been particularly popular in the Victorian era, when museums and individuals traveled the world to collect specimens: from bean-size hummingbird eggs and fabulously speckled, spattered, strangely conical murre eggs to the few surviving gargantuan elephant bird eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg collectors tended to be men of leisure. Some, naturalists and ecologists, were careful and mindful of the impact they had. Others, with a more commercial bent, were indiscriminate, hoovering up islands’ worth of eggs at a go and putting species at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a conservation ethic grew in the early 20th century, and with the passage of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918, egg collections fell out of favor. By midcentury, natural history museums had begun setting their collections aside and even neglecting their upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison saw an opportunity to provide a home for orphaned collections, with the idea that scientific advances might one day make them useful again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take long for that instinct to be proved right. Bird eggs played a large role in sounding the alarm about the use of the pesticide DDT, as embodied in the 1962 publication of Rachel Carson’s book \u003cem>Silent Spring\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists began to link the use of DDT to the thinning of bird eggs and the decline in certain avian populations, historical collections became critical for comparison. The brown pelican, for example, was heavily affected by DDT. The Western Foundation has hundreds of sets of brown pelican eggs from the 1800s to 1950s — in other words, before the DDT era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ability to measure the thickness of old eggshells, and identify the presence of DDT in more recent, thinner specimens, sealed the case against the pesticide, which was banned in the United States for most uses in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the Western Foundation grew, and its collection came to focus on eggs. It was housed at first in Harrison’s home and a storage space, before moving to the current building in 1992. Today, the Western Foundation holds more than 400 museum and private egg collections. (It continues to accept certain types of egg collections.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the staff grew as well, to include a gardener from Guatemala — named René Corado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with Linnea Hall, a biologist and the foundation’s director, Corado has helped lead the Western Foundation for more than 15 years. But he traveled a long and difficult path from gardener to collections manager, from Guatemala to Camarillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a story he had never told anyone until one day in 2002.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, Hall and Corado were on a flight to New Orleans for a conference as Tropical Storm Isidore approached the Gulf Coast. Corado thought the plane would crash. So he began telling the story of a childhood that he had kept secret — from his wife of 30 years, from his kids — for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado was raised in El Chical, a village of just 13 houses, about a third of the way from the headwaters of Guatemala’s longest river, the nearly 300-mile Motagua, to its outlet on the Honduras border. One of eight children, Corado lived in rural poverty before his family moved to Guatemala City — where things grew worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado told Hall of how he rooted through a trash dump for food, fighting dogs for scraps. He eventually persauded his father to let him work as a \u003cem>lustrador,\u003c/em> a shoeshine boy. It was a world of drugs and dissolution, a position of particular shame, Corado says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the nightmare in Guatemala. Really, I wasn’t a kid; I was an adult already at the age of 8,” he says, looking particularly childlike for a man of 58, “but I learned a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1981, as the Guatemalan civil war intensified and fearing for his safety, Corado left his wife and young daughter and crossed the border to the United States. He spoke no English, had no friends, no papers and a sixth-grade education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He held many jobs, from welding cabinets to cooking in a Greek restaurant — and eventually found work, and a mentor, at the Western Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Harrison must have seen potential in the gardener who ate his lunch quickly so he could sit near biologists and eavesdrop on conversations he could barely understand. Harrison helped him learn English and sent him on research trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado became a U.S. citizen in 1986, graduated first in his class from high school, and in 2007 earned an associate degree from nearby Oxnard College. All the while, Corado was building his knowledge of the egg collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hearing Corado’s story, Hall insisted that he write a book about his life. They worked on it for a decade or so, as they collaborated on ornithological research in Southern California and in Guatemala, on the Motagua.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2001, Corado’s past and the Western Foundation’s future intersected, when he returned to his home village for the first time in more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the clean river of his youth, the Motagua had become an open sewer for communities and industries lining its banks. After the initial shock, he says, he dedicated himself to cleaning up the river. And as with DDT, eggs would play a key role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado and Hall collected and tested the eggs of species along the river, including those eaten by locals. They found alarming levels of heavy metals in the eggs — and by extension, they argued, in people who were eating these birds (and fish from the river).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They sent the research to government agencies in 2009; there was little response. But a couple of years later, Corado’s book, \u003cem>El Lustrador,\u003c/em> was published in Guatemala — and became a hit. His newfound fame earned him an audience with President Jimmy Morales, where Corado discussed his findings with the Guatemalan leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado’s influence and friendship with the president — along with a lawsuit filed by the government of neighboring Honduras — have led to a law mandating cleanup of the river, planned wastewater treatment plants, closure of a landfill that was draining into the river, and other, ongoing efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a circle,” Corado says, “and the circle closed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Guatemala research has spurred changes — and made even plainer the value of the Western Foundation’s vast resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s part of Hall’s vision for the foundation: to bring it out of the shadows and engage in current conservation research “to show that studying eggs and studying birds’ breeding still has relevancy in this day and age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ornithologists like John Bates, who is also a curator at the Field Museum in Chicago, are using the Western Foundation’s collection in research about climate change. His project examined historical egg specimens to determine that some birds in the Chicago area are laying their eggs earlier, probably as a result of rising temperatures. He knew that he wouldn’t find all the eggs he needed in his museum’s collection, so he turned to the Western Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Corado, the gardener turned ornithologist, is the perfect long-term caretaker of what Bates calls a “spectacular data set.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado is “intimately connected to every specimen that’s in this museum,” Hall says. And that connection has made him more than a steward. He’s a booster, a sleuth, one of the keys to unlocking the collection’s full potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My job here is to protect all of this,” Corado says. “I love every single one, and more or less I know where everybody is. I’m keeping an eye on them like every good father will do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Samir S. Patel is deputy editor of \u003c/em>Atlas Obscura.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Maureen Pao edited the Web story. Dylan Thuras, a founder of \u003c/em>Atlas Obscura,\u003cem> Matt Ozug, Renita Jablonski and Michael May reported, produced and edited the audio story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+A+Million+Eggs%2C+Putting+Together+Clues+About+Science%27s+Past+And+Future&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Where and When to Look at the 2018 Perseids Meteor Shower in the Bay Area",
"headTitle": "Where and When to Look at the 2018 Perseids Meteor Shower in the Bay Area | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s time for the annual “Old Faithful” of meteor showers, the Perseids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the Perseids’ peak of activity coincides with a moonless night, in the early morning hours of Monday, August 13 (following Sunday evening).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the smoke from California wildfires could be the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/08/09/perseid-meteor-showers-will-smoke-from-californias-wildfires-block-your-view/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildcard\u003c/a> in terms of visibility. It all depends on whether ocean winds do as they’re \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/08/09/california-fires-smoke-levels-to-improve-as-bay-area-weather-changes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forecast\u003c/a> and blow it out of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you’re willing to chance it, dust off your lawn chairs, rinse out your coffee thermos, and brush up on your basic constellations and cardinal directions: it could be time for one of the most thrilling light shows the sky has to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where and When To Look\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look for meteors after midnight (best between 1:00 a.m. and 4:00 a.m.) Monday morning. The \u003ca href=\"https://in-the-sky.org/news.php?id=20180813_10_100\">Perseids\u003c/a> appear to come from the direction of their namesake constellation Perseus. During the peak of the shower Perseus will be high in the northeastern sky, not far from the bright star Capella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928386\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1928386 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"The radiant of the Perseids is the point in the sky that meteors of this shower appear to be radiating from.\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-800x491.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-768x472.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-1020x627.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-1200x737.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-1180x725.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-960x590.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-240x147.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-375x230.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-520x319.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1.jpg 1211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The radiant of the Perseids is the point in the sky that meteors of this shower appear to be radiating from. \u003ccite>(Stellarium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Choose a viewing location with a clear view of the northeastern sky, preferably shielded from, or far away from, city lights. If you’d like some suggestions for viewing spots in the Bay Area, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/07/06/dark-secrets/\">check this out\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot Space & Science Center is hosting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/perseid-meteor-shower.htm\">Perseids viewing party\u003c/a> in Oakland, weather permitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2018 Viewing Bonanza\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s Perseids viewing comes with a couple of bonus features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is a moonless night. The Moon is in waxing crescent phase, and sets early Sunday evening, long before meteor viewing hours begin. The lack of moonlight affords darker skies, and more opportunity to see fainter meteors. If you choose a viewing location far from city lights, you have a chance to spot 50-60 meteors per hour, possibly more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second bonus is that the planet Mars, still relatively nearby following its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927464/a-close-encounter-with-mars-thats-not-to-be-missed\">extra-close approach on July 31\u003c/a>, will shine bright in the southwestern sky — a brilliant ruby set among the flashing diamonds of shooting stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Causes a Meteor Shower?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://stardate.org/nightsky/meteors\">Meteor showers\u003c/a> occur when the Earth passes through a trail of dust left behind by a comet, or in some cases an asteroid, or so-called “\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/09dec_rockcomet\">rock comet\u003c/a>“.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928382\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928382\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-800x829.jpg\" alt=\"Long-exposure photograph capturing meteors during the Leonids Meteor Shower (November)\" width=\"800\" height=\"829\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-800x829.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-160x166.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-768x796.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1020x1057.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1158x1200.jpg 1158w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1920x1989.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1180x1223.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-960x995.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-240x249.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-375x389.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-520x539.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long-exposure photograph capturing meteors during the Leonids Meteor Shower (November) \u003ccite>(Carter Roberts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/small-bodies/comets/overview/?page=0&per_page=40&order=name+asc&search=&condition_1=102%3Aparent_id&condition_2=comet%3Abody_type%3Ailike\">Comets\u003c/a>, which are largely made of water ice and other frozen substances, along with some rock and dust, shed some of that ice when sunlight warms it into gas, especially when passing through the inner solar system where sunlight is strongest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a comet’s ices sublimate into gas and blow off into space, dust embedded in the ice is carried with it, leaving behind a lane of dust particles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Earth plows through the dust lane at an orbital speed of 18 miles per second, friction between dust particles and Earth’s upper atmosphere (between 50 and 75 miles above the surface) produces intense heat. A dust particle is incinerated in a quick second, and we see the bright streak of a meteor. Most meteors that you can see are produced by particles smaller than your fingernail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Children of Comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust lane that produces the Perseids shower is left behind by the comet \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/small-bodies/comets/109p-swift-tuttle/in-depth/\">109P/Swift-Tuttle\u003c/a>, a periodic comet that orbits the sun every 133 years. The last time Swift-Tuttle passed through the inner solar system was in 1992, so most of us won’t see it again in our lifetimes — but we can enjoy its “children,” the Perseids meteors, every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/5j8i17-lDCI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">Above: Video of Perseid meteor activity in 2016 taken from the International Space Station looking down on Earth. (NASA)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shower activity began on July 17 and continues until around August 24, but tapers off dramatically before and after peak. Less than a day before or after peak you may see fewer than half the number of meteors, and only a tiny fraction beyond that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never seen a meteor before, or have forgotten just how exhilarating it is to see the fleeting streak of a shooting star zipping high in the night, here’s your chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find a dark, safe viewing spot, dress appropriately, and settle in for a dazzling show.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s time for the annual “Old Faithful” of meteor showers, the Perseids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, the Perseids’ peak of activity coincides with a moonless night, in the early morning hours of Monday, August 13 (following Sunday evening).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the smoke from California wildfires could be the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/08/09/perseid-meteor-showers-will-smoke-from-californias-wildfires-block-your-view/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildcard\u003c/a> in terms of visibility. It all depends on whether ocean winds do as they’re \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/08/09/california-fires-smoke-levels-to-improve-as-bay-area-weather-changes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forecast\u003c/a> and blow it out of the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you’re willing to chance it, dust off your lawn chairs, rinse out your coffee thermos, and brush up on your basic constellations and cardinal directions: it could be time for one of the most thrilling light shows the sky has to offer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where and When To Look\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look for meteors after midnight (best between 1:00 a.m. and 4:00 a.m.) Monday morning. The \u003ca href=\"https://in-the-sky.org/news.php?id=20180813_10_100\">Perseids\u003c/a> appear to come from the direction of their namesake constellation Perseus. During the peak of the shower Perseus will be high in the northeastern sky, not far from the bright star Capella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928386\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1928386 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"The radiant of the Perseids is the point in the sky that meteors of this shower appear to be radiating from.\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-800x491.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-160x98.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-768x472.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-1020x627.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-1200x737.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-1180x725.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-960x590.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-240x147.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-375x230.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1-520x319.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/perseidsradiant-1.jpg 1211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The radiant of the Perseids is the point in the sky that meteors of this shower appear to be radiating from. \u003ccite>(Stellarium)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Choose a viewing location with a clear view of the northeastern sky, preferably shielded from, or far away from, city lights. If you’d like some suggestions for viewing spots in the Bay Area, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/07/06/dark-secrets/\">check this out\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot Space & Science Center is hosting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/perseid-meteor-shower.htm\">Perseids viewing party\u003c/a> in Oakland, weather permitting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2018 Viewing Bonanza\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s Perseids viewing comes with a couple of bonus features.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is a moonless night. The Moon is in waxing crescent phase, and sets early Sunday evening, long before meteor viewing hours begin. The lack of moonlight affords darker skies, and more opportunity to see fainter meteors. If you choose a viewing location far from city lights, you have a chance to spot 50-60 meteors per hour, possibly more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second bonus is that the planet Mars, still relatively nearby following its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927464/a-close-encounter-with-mars-thats-not-to-be-missed\">extra-close approach on July 31\u003c/a>, will shine bright in the southwestern sky — a brilliant ruby set among the flashing diamonds of shooting stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Causes a Meteor Shower?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://stardate.org/nightsky/meteors\">Meteor showers\u003c/a> occur when the Earth passes through a trail of dust left behind by a comet, or in some cases an asteroid, or so-called “\u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2012/09dec_rockcomet\">rock comet\u003c/a>“.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928382\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928382\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-800x829.jpg\" alt=\"Long-exposure photograph capturing meteors during the Leonids Meteor Shower (November)\" width=\"800\" height=\"829\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-800x829.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-160x166.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-768x796.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1020x1057.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1158x1200.jpg 1158w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1920x1989.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-1180x1223.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-960x995.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-240x249.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-375x389.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-520x539.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/meteors-leonids-carter-roberts-train1-2126-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Long-exposure photograph capturing meteors during the Leonids Meteor Shower (November) \u003ccite>(Carter Roberts)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/small-bodies/comets/overview/?page=0&per_page=40&order=name+asc&search=&condition_1=102%3Aparent_id&condition_2=comet%3Abody_type%3Ailike\">Comets\u003c/a>, which are largely made of water ice and other frozen substances, along with some rock and dust, shed some of that ice when sunlight warms it into gas, especially when passing through the inner solar system where sunlight is strongest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a comet’s ices sublimate into gas and blow off into space, dust embedded in the ice is carried with it, leaving behind a lane of dust particles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Earth plows through the dust lane at an orbital speed of 18 miles per second, friction between dust particles and Earth’s upper atmosphere (between 50 and 75 miles above the surface) produces intense heat. A dust particle is incinerated in a quick second, and we see the bright streak of a meteor. Most meteors that you can see are produced by particles smaller than your fingernail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Children of Comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust lane that produces the Perseids shower is left behind by the comet \u003ca href=\"https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/small-bodies/comets/109p-swift-tuttle/in-depth/\">109P/Swift-Tuttle\u003c/a>, a periodic comet that orbits the sun every 133 years. The last time Swift-Tuttle passed through the inner solar system was in 1992, so most of us won’t see it again in our lifetimes — but we can enjoy its “children,” the Perseids meteors, every year.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/5j8i17-lDCI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/5j8i17-lDCI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: center\">Above: Video of Perseid meteor activity in 2016 taken from the International Space Station looking down on Earth. (NASA)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shower activity began on July 17 and continues until around August 24, but tapers off dramatically before and after peak. Less than a day before or after peak you may see fewer than half the number of meteors, and only a tiny fraction beyond that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never seen a meteor before, or have forgotten just how exhilarating it is to see the fleeting streak of a shooting star zipping high in the night, here’s your chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find a dark, safe viewing spot, dress appropriately, and settle in for a dazzling show.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Court Bans Pesticide, Says Trump Admin Endangered Public Health",
"headTitle": "California Court Bans Pesticide, Says Trump Admin Endangered Public Health | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court ruled Thursday that the Trump administration endangered public health by keeping a widely used pesticide on the market despite extensive scientific evidence that even tiny levels of exposure can harm babies’ brains.[contextly_sidebar id=”OgP9VC0xRLg7ig2ouofvdDfKaxkpNlpo”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/435785/farmworkers-want-common-pesticide-banned-in-calif-after-trump-epa-refuses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> remove chlorpyrifos\u003c/a> from sale in the United States within 60 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of farmworkers and environmental groups sued last year after then-EPA chief Scott Pruitt reversed an Obama-era effort to ban chlorpyrifos, which is widely sprayed on citrus fruit, apples and other crops. The attorneys general for several states joined the case against EPA, including California, New York and Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a split decision, the court said Thursday that Pruitt, a Republican forced to resign earlier this summer amid ethics scandals, violated federal law by ignoring the conclusions of agency scientists that chlorpyrifos is harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The panel held that there was no justification for the EPA’s decision in its 2017 order to maintain a tolerance for chlorpyrifos in the face of scientific evidence that its residue on food causes neurodevelopmental damage to children,” Judge Jed S. Rakoff wrote in the court’s opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Abboud, spokesman for acting EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler, said the agency was reviewing the decision, but it had been unable to “fully evaluate the pesticide using the best available, transparent science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA could potentially appeal to the Supreme Court since one member of the three-judge panel dissented from the majority ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929286\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California farmworker protests use of chlorpyrifos at the state capitol in July 2017. \u003ccite>(Joan Cusick)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and public health advocates celebrated the court’s action as a major success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some things are too sacred to play politics with, and our kids top the list,” said Erik Olson, senior director of health and food at the Natural Resources Defense Council. “The court has made it clear that children’s health must come before powerful polluters. This is a victory for parents everywhere who want to feed their kids fruits and veggies without fear it’s harming their brains or poisoning communities.”[contextly_sidebar id=”ABlaTASSInnefW5OPkxWOAJvU7ZFrHRh”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorneys general of California and New York also claimed victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one more example of how then-EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt skirted the law and endangered the health of our children — in this case, all because he refused to curb pesticide levels found in food,” Attorney General Xavier Becerra of California said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos was created by Dow Chemical Co. in the 1960s. It remains among the most widely used agricultural pesticides in the United States, with the chemical giant selling about 5 million pounds domestically each year through its subsidiary Dow AgroSciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow did not respond to an email seeking comment. In past statements, the company has contended the chemical helps American farmers feed the world “with full respect for human health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos belongs to a family of organophosphate pesticides that are chemically similar to a chemical warfare agent developed by Nazi Germany before World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of its wide use as a pesticide over the past four decades, traces of chlorpyrifos are commonly found in sources of drinking water. A 2012 study at the University of California at Berkeley found that 87 percent of umbilical-cord blood samples tested from newborn babies contained detectable levels of the pesticide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from federal regulators, Dow voluntarily withdrew chlorpyrifos for use as a home insecticide in 2000. EPA also placed “no-spray” buffer zones around sensitive sites, such as schools, in 2012.[contextly_sidebar id=”85BU79lm7sNpuGksTRFjptK2yeQa4BJz”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2015, the Obama administration proposed banning the pesticide’s use on food. A risk assessment memo issued by nine EPA scientists concluded: “There is a breadth of information available on the potential adverse neurodevelopmental effects in infants and children as a result of prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires EPA to ensure that pesticides used on food in the United States are safe for human consumption — especially children, who are typically far more sensitive to the negative effects of poisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after his appointment by President Donald Trump in 2017, Pruitt announced he was revering the Obama administration effort to ban chlorpyrifos, adopting Dow’s position that the science showing chlorpyrifos is harmful was inconclusive and flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press reported in June 2017 that Pruitt announced his agency’s reversal on chlorpyrifos just 20 days after his official schedule showed a meeting with Dow CEO Andrew Liveris. At the time, Liveris headed a White House manufacturing working group, and his company had written a $1 million check to help underwrite Trump’s inaugural festivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following AP’s report, then-EPA spokeswoman Liz Bowman said that March 9, 2017, meeting on Pruitt’s schedule never happened. Bowman said the two men had instead shared only a “brief introduction in passing” while attending the same industry conference at a Houston hotel and that they never discussed chlorpyrifos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, internal EPA emails released earlier this year following a public records lawsuit filed by The Sierra Club suggest the two men shared more than a quick handshake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little more than a week after the conference and before Pruitt announced his decision, the EPA chief’s scheduler reached out to Liveris’ executive assistant to schedule a follow-up meeting.[contextly_sidebar id=”3rOAMFjyRxdjG2FHKoPtc2dZWxo3ls0C”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hope this email finds you well!” wrote Sydney Hupp, Pruitt’s assistant, on March 20, 2017. “I am reaching out today about setting up a meeting to continue the discussion between Dow Chemical and Administrator Scott Pruitt. My apologies for the delay in getting this email into you — it has been a crazy time over here!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Subsequent emails show Hupp and Liveris’ office discussing several potential dates that the Dow CEO might come to Pruitt’s office at EPA headquarters, but it is not clear from the documents whether the two men ever linked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liveris announced his retirement from Dow in March of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt resigned July 6 amid more than a dozen ethics investigations focused on such issues as outsized security spending, first-class flights and a sweetheart condo lease for a Capitol Hill condo linked to an energy lobbyist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowman, who left EPA in May to work for GOP Sen. Joni Ernest of Iowa, declined to comment on her earlier characterization of the March 2017 interaction between Pruitt and Liveris or what “discussion” the internal email was referring to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t work for EPA anymore,” Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco has ordered the EPA to remove chlorpyrifos from sale within 60 days.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal appeals court ruled Thursday that the Trump administration endangered public health by keeping a widely used pesticide on the market despite extensive scientific evidence that even tiny levels of exposure can harm babies’ brains.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco ordered the Environmental Protection Agency to\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/435785/farmworkers-want-common-pesticide-banned-in-calif-after-trump-epa-refuses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> remove chlorpyrifos\u003c/a> from sale in the United States within 60 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of farmworkers and environmental groups sued last year after then-EPA chief Scott Pruitt reversed an Obama-era effort to ban chlorpyrifos, which is widely sprayed on citrus fruit, apples and other crops. The attorneys general for several states joined the case against EPA, including California, New York and Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a split decision, the court said Thursday that Pruitt, a Republican forced to resign earlier this summer amid ethics scandals, violated federal law by ignoring the conclusions of agency scientists that chlorpyrifos is harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The panel held that there was no justification for the EPA’s decision in its 2017 order to maintain a tolerance for chlorpyrifos in the face of scientific evidence that its residue on food causes neurodevelopmental damage to children,” Judge Jed S. Rakoff wrote in the court’s opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Abboud, spokesman for acting EPA Administrator Andrew Wheeler, said the agency was reviewing the decision, but it had been unable to “fully evaluate the pesticide using the best available, transparent science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA could potentially appeal to the Supreme Court since one member of the three-judge panel dissented from the majority ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929286\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929286\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/JCP_2026-X2-960x640-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California farmworker protests use of chlorpyrifos at the state capitol in July 2017. \u003ccite>(Joan Cusick)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups and public health advocates celebrated the court’s action as a major success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some things are too sacred to play politics with, and our kids top the list,” said Erik Olson, senior director of health and food at the Natural Resources Defense Council. “The court has made it clear that children’s health must come before powerful polluters. This is a victory for parents everywhere who want to feed their kids fruits and veggies without fear it’s harming their brains or poisoning communities.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorneys general of California and New York also claimed victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one more example of how then-EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt skirted the law and endangered the health of our children — in this case, all because he refused to curb pesticide levels found in food,” Attorney General Xavier Becerra of California said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos was created by Dow Chemical Co. in the 1960s. It remains among the most widely used agricultural pesticides in the United States, with the chemical giant selling about 5 million pounds domestically each year through its subsidiary Dow AgroSciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow did not respond to an email seeking comment. In past statements, the company has contended the chemical helps American farmers feed the world “with full respect for human health and the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlorpyrifos belongs to a family of organophosphate pesticides that are chemically similar to a chemical warfare agent developed by Nazi Germany before World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of its wide use as a pesticide over the past four decades, traces of chlorpyrifos are commonly found in sources of drinking water. A 2012 study at the University of California at Berkeley found that 87 percent of umbilical-cord blood samples tested from newborn babies contained detectable levels of the pesticide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from federal regulators, Dow voluntarily withdrew chlorpyrifos for use as a home insecticide in 2000. EPA also placed “no-spray” buffer zones around sensitive sites, such as schools, in 2012.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2015, the Obama administration proposed banning the pesticide’s use on food. A risk assessment memo issued by nine EPA scientists concluded: “There is a breadth of information available on the potential adverse neurodevelopmental effects in infants and children as a result of prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law requires EPA to ensure that pesticides used on food in the United States are safe for human consumption — especially children, who are typically far more sensitive to the negative effects of poisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after his appointment by President Donald Trump in 2017, Pruitt announced he was revering the Obama administration effort to ban chlorpyrifos, adopting Dow’s position that the science showing chlorpyrifos is harmful was inconclusive and flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press reported in June 2017 that Pruitt announced his agency’s reversal on chlorpyrifos just 20 days after his official schedule showed a meeting with Dow CEO Andrew Liveris. At the time, Liveris headed a White House manufacturing working group, and his company had written a $1 million check to help underwrite Trump’s inaugural festivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following AP’s report, then-EPA spokeswoman Liz Bowman said that March 9, 2017, meeting on Pruitt’s schedule never happened. Bowman said the two men had instead shared only a “brief introduction in passing” while attending the same industry conference at a Houston hotel and that they never discussed chlorpyrifos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, internal EPA emails released earlier this year following a public records lawsuit filed by The Sierra Club suggest the two men shared more than a quick handshake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little more than a week after the conference and before Pruitt announced his decision, the EPA chief’s scheduler reached out to Liveris’ executive assistant to schedule a follow-up meeting.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hope this email finds you well!” wrote Sydney Hupp, Pruitt’s assistant, on March 20, 2017. “I am reaching out today about setting up a meeting to continue the discussion between Dow Chemical and Administrator Scott Pruitt. My apologies for the delay in getting this email into you — it has been a crazy time over here!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Subsequent emails show Hupp and Liveris’ office discussing several potential dates that the Dow CEO might come to Pruitt’s office at EPA headquarters, but it is not clear from the documents whether the two men ever linked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liveris announced his retirement from Dow in March of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt resigned July 6 amid more than a dozen ethics investigations focused on such issues as outsized security spending, first-class flights and a sweetheart condo lease for a Capitol Hill condo linked to an energy lobbyist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowman, who left EPA in May to work for GOP Sen. Joni Ernest of Iowa, declined to comment on her earlier characterization of the March 2017 interaction between Pruitt and Liveris or what “discussion” the internal email was referring to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t work for EPA anymore,” Bowman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why NPR Doesn't Mention Climate Change in Every Fire Story",
"headTitle": "Why NPR Doesn’t Mention Climate Change in Every Fire Story | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Wildfires are ravaging hundreds of thousands of acres of the western United States and Canada this summer, taking lives and homes in California, closing parts of Yosemite National Park to visitors and racing through forests and grasslands in Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Utah, Colorado and British Columbia. Smoke from those fires is causing breathing difficulties as far away as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mainepublic.org/post/combination-heat-humidity-and-wildfire-smoke-threatens-vulnerable-maine-coastal-residents#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maine\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=”LbDdZms27mEs3PH25vx1bVLZU85YByR6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires have generated many human-scale stories that need telling: how residents of the city of Redding, Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/01/634696282/california-carr-fire-leaves-many-unsure-about-their-future%20https:/www.npr.org/2018/08/01/634696282/california-carr-fire-leaves-many-unsure-about-their-future\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are coping\u003c/a>; the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/08/636603563/california-firefighters-battle-exhaustion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">toll on firefighters\u003c/a>; where low-income workers will go if their \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/635907928/communities-in-california-continue-to-be-ravaged-by-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">homes are destroyed\u003c/a> by the Mendocino Complex Fire, now the state’s largest-ever. NPR has told those stories and many more — and it has by and large told them well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What NPR hasn’t done is use the words “climate change” in each and every one of these reports on the fires. Should it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme weather events these days often trigger extreme reactions from listeners, such as the recent emailer who went so far as to argue that, because NPR did not mention “climate change” in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/30/634087252/deadly-carr-wildfire-testing-resources-of-local-officials-in-northern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">four-minute interview\u003c/a> with Redding Mayor Kristen Schreder, it had joined the ranks of “climate deniers.” I have no idea whether the mayor is a knowledgeable expert about climate change. But I believe NPR was right to focus its questions on her more pressing problems, including managing some 38,000 evacuees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, to be clear, NPR has reported deeply and regularly about how climate change is making extreme weather events more frequent and more severe. The question is whether, as some believe, NPR should do more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://newrepublic.com/article/150124/medias-failure-connect-dots-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article in \u003cem>The New Republic\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in late July called out NPR (among other newsrooms) for “siloing climate coverage,” a theme picked up by a number of Twitter users. One listener, Joseph Kendrick, of Saint Paul, Minn., expressed a similar thought. (He works for a research and advocacy nonprofit on environmental issues, although he said he was not writing on behalf of his employer.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I’m not asking for NPR to significantly shift the focus of this type of story, or to interview a half dozen scientists alongside anyone whose home has burned down. But I do think it’s important to mention climate change — and its potential to exacerbate these events — as part of the context for these stories. Reporters generally seem comfortable adding political, cultural, technological, and cultural context to specific stories they report on — why is climate science treated so differently?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR does periodically produce high-quality content focused specifically on climate change and its effects. But I think you do your listeners a disservice by maintaining so much distance between ‘stories about climate’ and ‘stories about weather.’ Listeners who are already focused on the issue of climate change are likely to make this connection themselves and seek out climate-focused content when they want more context, but if NPR’s goal is to offer the best possible information to the broadest possible audience that link needs to made explicit.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>I asked Science Editor \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/279612138/geoff-brumfiel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Geoff Brumfiel\u003c/a> about this. “These are disasters that are affecting people’s lives, and they are happening in the moment,” he told me, adding, “If we’re talking about someone’s home and we’re talking about community, I think it’s reasonable that the reporter on the ground in that moment is focused on that community.”[contextly_sidebar id=”ilZkIO5WYYXmZmMp4FREL6JPIpapiLBd”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, he said, the reporters that NPR assigns to these stories have varying backgrounds; some are from the Science Desk, some are from the National Desk (or other sections, or member stations). Not all report on climate change-related beats. “Reporters want to report on what they know. They can see what’s burning and what’s not, they can see who’s in trouble, and they want to talk about that,” Brumfiel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is also another major factor when a hurricane hits or a fire erupts, he said: The science isn’t always clear from the very first moments of an extreme weather event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reluctance to talk about climate change,” Brumfiel said. “But we have to call up scientists and ask them, because climate change is a complicated thing. We can’t just be off the cuff. We need to make sure we understand what the factors are, what is and what isn’t happening due to climate change, because there have always been wildfires, there have always been hurricanes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term weather patterns are clearly being affected by climate change, but at the level of an individual fire, say, other elements could be more important — such as the U.S. Forest Service’s decades-long policy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/10/17/558390511/how-fire-suppression-techniques-can-change-as-wildfires-get-bigger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suppressing fires\u003c/a> instead of letting some burn for the health of the forests. “The biggest scale climate predictions work pretty well,” Brumfiel said. “As you try to get to individual events, it gets more and more complicated, and climate change becomes more of a factor. It can be a driver, but it’s more of a factor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Word a Boilerplate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that said, Brumfiel told me he and others have been looking for some time into whether there is language guidance that can be shared with the NPR newsroom that would help it acknowledge climate change in more of the reporting about natural disasters. But, “it’s complicated,” for the reason he cited earlier: “Climate change can do different things. It can make weather events more frequent; it can make them more severe. And it can do different things for different kinds of events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said: Trying to choose language that communicates all that in a brief phrase — radio journalists have limited time, after all, particularly in the newscasts that lead each hour — and “that is accurate and flexible enough that we can issue it as guidance to everybody and it won’t be wrong when they use it, is tough. I honestly don’t know if there is something that we can have out there that everyone can just grab and use if they want. But it is something we’re thinking seriously about.”[contextly_sidebar id=”yqu4SvdO0RUqTBCHBdiemyM9hJrjdci2”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have mixed feelings about this issue. Climate change is a crucially important issue of our time and NPR should make clear when extreme weather events are connected to, or influenced by, long-term climate trends. I understand why advocates and others who are passionate about this issue want the connection to be explicit and constant, to keep it front and center in the public discourse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, if boilerplate language can’t communicate all the complexities, then I think the newsroom is right to report in-depth on the connections that do exist, in discrete stories where there is more time, rather than toss off one-liners just for the sake of mentioning the issue. NPR’s job is to provide more nuance, not less, whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has reported in-depth repeatedly in its current fire coverage, including in this story \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/636112875/climate-and-wildfire-science-specialist-weighs-in-on-worsening-conditions-in-cal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talking to scientists\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/29/633203732/when-the-weather-is-extreme-is-climate-change-to-blame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this one\u003c/a>, in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/02/634831131/californias-gov-brown-wildfires-are-evidence-of-changing-climate-in-real-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview\u003c/a> with California Gov. Jerry Brown, and in a piece examining why today’s fires are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/07/636458618/why-todays-wildfires-are-hotter-and-more-destructive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hotter and more destructive\u003c/a>. \u003cem>On Point\u003c/em> (which is distributed by NPR, although not produced by it) \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2018/08/08/mendocino-complex-wildfires-california-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">devoted an hour\u003c/a> to the topic. In short, there is no hint that NPR is avoiding the story of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is more coverage to come. NPR next week will start rolling out newsmagazine, newscast and digital stories on the theme of “living with fire,” looking at everything from the effects of long-term smoke exposure to what a “good fire” looks like from the point of view of fire ecologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Bureau Chief and Senior Editor Jason DeRose, who is coordinating the stories, said some, but probably not all, will discuss the role of climate change. But, he said, when NPR’s fire coverage is looked at in its totality, “It’s very clear that we are reporting on this in the context of climate change.”[contextly_sidebar id=”uqdjeb6s23QvpNgfG0wDfENjNkwA6dGw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, I’ll give Brumfiel the opportunity for a plug. He and Jennifer Ludden — who leads NPR’s energy and environment team that works in collaboration with member stations — have developed a strategic approach for climate change coverage, tackling stories that are not as attention-grabbing as a fire or hurricane, but just as important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The series, called “Heat,” has been running through the summer; all of the reporting can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/629393286/heat-coping-with-a-warming-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a> It includes reports on how heat is affecting \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/08/01/634135514/a-few-more-bad-apples-as-the-climate-changes-fruit-growing-does-too\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michigan apple growers\u003c/a> and throwing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/23/630181622/spring-is-springing-sooner-throwing-natures-rhythms-out-of-whack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado ecosystems\u003c/a> out of whack, and how \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/02/616151979/flooding-and-rising-seas-threaten-americas-oldest-farmland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maryland farmers\u003c/a> are losing land to rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brumfiel said: “We’re trying to really tell the stories on the ground that are happening to Americans right now. And often those stories aren’t natural disasters. It is stuff that is happening on a smaller scale every day; local disasters, I guess you could call them, that are really changing America. Climate is changing all sorts of different aspects of our lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, we’ll update this column if the newsroom comes to a decision on language about climate change that would work for more news stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfire+Reports+Ignite+Debate+Over+Climate+Change+Coverage&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildfires are ravaging hundreds of thousands of acres of the western United States and Canada this summer, taking lives and homes in California, closing parts of Yosemite National Park to visitors and racing through forests and grasslands in Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Utah, Colorado and British Columbia. Smoke from those fires is causing breathing difficulties as far away as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mainepublic.org/post/combination-heat-humidity-and-wildfire-smoke-threatens-vulnerable-maine-coastal-residents#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires have generated many human-scale stories that need telling: how residents of the city of Redding, Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/01/634696282/california-carr-fire-leaves-many-unsure-about-their-future%20https:/www.npr.org/2018/08/01/634696282/california-carr-fire-leaves-many-unsure-about-their-future\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are coping\u003c/a>; the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/08/636603563/california-firefighters-battle-exhaustion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">toll on firefighters\u003c/a>; where low-income workers will go if their \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/635907928/communities-in-california-continue-to-be-ravaged-by-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">homes are destroyed\u003c/a> by the Mendocino Complex Fire, now the state’s largest-ever. NPR has told those stories and many more — and it has by and large told them well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What NPR hasn’t done is use the words “climate change” in each and every one of these reports on the fires. Should it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme weather events these days often trigger extreme reactions from listeners, such as the recent emailer who went so far as to argue that, because NPR did not mention “climate change” in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/30/634087252/deadly-carr-wildfire-testing-resources-of-local-officials-in-northern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">four-minute interview\u003c/a> with Redding Mayor Kristen Schreder, it had joined the ranks of “climate deniers.” I have no idea whether the mayor is a knowledgeable expert about climate change. But I believe NPR was right to focus its questions on her more pressing problems, including managing some 38,000 evacuees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, to be clear, NPR has reported deeply and regularly about how climate change is making extreme weather events more frequent and more severe. The question is whether, as some believe, NPR should do more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://newrepublic.com/article/150124/medias-failure-connect-dots-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article in \u003cem>The New Republic\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in late July called out NPR (among other newsrooms) for “siloing climate coverage,” a theme picked up by a number of Twitter users. One listener, Joseph Kendrick, of Saint Paul, Minn., expressed a similar thought. (He works for a research and advocacy nonprofit on environmental issues, although he said he was not writing on behalf of his employer.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I’m not asking for NPR to significantly shift the focus of this type of story, or to interview a half dozen scientists alongside anyone whose home has burned down. But I do think it’s important to mention climate change — and its potential to exacerbate these events — as part of the context for these stories. Reporters generally seem comfortable adding political, cultural, technological, and cultural context to specific stories they report on — why is climate science treated so differently?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR does periodically produce high-quality content focused specifically on climate change and its effects. But I think you do your listeners a disservice by maintaining so much distance between ‘stories about climate’ and ‘stories about weather.’ Listeners who are already focused on the issue of climate change are likely to make this connection themselves and seek out climate-focused content when they want more context, but if NPR’s goal is to offer the best possible information to the broadest possible audience that link needs to made explicit.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>I asked Science Editor \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/279612138/geoff-brumfiel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Geoff Brumfiel\u003c/a> about this. “These are disasters that are affecting people’s lives, and they are happening in the moment,” he told me, adding, “If we’re talking about someone’s home and we’re talking about community, I think it’s reasonable that the reporter on the ground in that moment is focused on that community.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, he said, the reporters that NPR assigns to these stories have varying backgrounds; some are from the Science Desk, some are from the National Desk (or other sections, or member stations). Not all report on climate change-related beats. “Reporters want to report on what they know. They can see what’s burning and what’s not, they can see who’s in trouble, and they want to talk about that,” Brumfiel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is also another major factor when a hurricane hits or a fire erupts, he said: The science isn’t always clear from the very first moments of an extreme weather event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reluctance to talk about climate change,” Brumfiel said. “But we have to call up scientists and ask them, because climate change is a complicated thing. We can’t just be off the cuff. We need to make sure we understand what the factors are, what is and what isn’t happening due to climate change, because there have always been wildfires, there have always been hurricanes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term weather patterns are clearly being affected by climate change, but at the level of an individual fire, say, other elements could be more important — such as the U.S. Forest Service’s decades-long policy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/10/17/558390511/how-fire-suppression-techniques-can-change-as-wildfires-get-bigger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suppressing fires\u003c/a> instead of letting some burn for the health of the forests. “The biggest scale climate predictions work pretty well,” Brumfiel said. “As you try to get to individual events, it gets more and more complicated, and climate change becomes more of a factor. It can be a driver, but it’s more of a factor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Word a Boilerplate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that said, Brumfiel told me he and others have been looking for some time into whether there is language guidance that can be shared with the NPR newsroom that would help it acknowledge climate change in more of the reporting about natural disasters. But, “it’s complicated,” for the reason he cited earlier: “Climate change can do different things. It can make weather events more frequent; it can make them more severe. And it can do different things for different kinds of events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said: Trying to choose language that communicates all that in a brief phrase — radio journalists have limited time, after all, particularly in the newscasts that lead each hour — and “that is accurate and flexible enough that we can issue it as guidance to everybody and it won’t be wrong when they use it, is tough. I honestly don’t know if there is something that we can have out there that everyone can just grab and use if they want. But it is something we’re thinking seriously about.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have mixed feelings about this issue. Climate change is a crucially important issue of our time and NPR should make clear when extreme weather events are connected to, or influenced by, long-term climate trends. I understand why advocates and others who are passionate about this issue want the connection to be explicit and constant, to keep it front and center in the public discourse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, if boilerplate language can’t communicate all the complexities, then I think the newsroom is right to report in-depth on the connections that do exist, in discrete stories where there is more time, rather than toss off one-liners just for the sake of mentioning the issue. NPR’s job is to provide more nuance, not less, whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has reported in-depth repeatedly in its current fire coverage, including in this story \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/636112875/climate-and-wildfire-science-specialist-weighs-in-on-worsening-conditions-in-cal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talking to scientists\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/29/633203732/when-the-weather-is-extreme-is-climate-change-to-blame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this one\u003c/a>, in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/02/634831131/californias-gov-brown-wildfires-are-evidence-of-changing-climate-in-real-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview\u003c/a> with California Gov. Jerry Brown, and in a piece examining why today’s fires are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/07/636458618/why-todays-wildfires-are-hotter-and-more-destructive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hotter and more destructive\u003c/a>. \u003cem>On Point\u003c/em> (which is distributed by NPR, although not produced by it) \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2018/08/08/mendocino-complex-wildfires-california-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">devoted an hour\u003c/a> to the topic. In short, there is no hint that NPR is avoiding the story of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is more coverage to come. NPR next week will start rolling out newsmagazine, newscast and digital stories on the theme of “living with fire,” looking at everything from the effects of long-term smoke exposure to what a “good fire” looks like from the point of view of fire ecologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Bureau Chief and Senior Editor Jason DeRose, who is coordinating the stories, said some, but probably not all, will discuss the role of climate change. But, he said, when NPR’s fire coverage is looked at in its totality, “It’s very clear that we are reporting on this in the context of climate change.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, I’ll give Brumfiel the opportunity for a plug. He and Jennifer Ludden — who leads NPR’s energy and environment team that works in collaboration with member stations — have developed a strategic approach for climate change coverage, tackling stories that are not as attention-grabbing as a fire or hurricane, but just as important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The series, called “Heat,” has been running through the summer; all of the reporting can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/629393286/heat-coping-with-a-warming-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a> It includes reports on how heat is affecting \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/08/01/634135514/a-few-more-bad-apples-as-the-climate-changes-fruit-growing-does-too\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michigan apple growers\u003c/a> and throwing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/23/630181622/spring-is-springing-sooner-throwing-natures-rhythms-out-of-whack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado ecosystems\u003c/a> out of whack, and how \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/02/616151979/flooding-and-rising-seas-threaten-americas-oldest-farmland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maryland farmers\u003c/a> are losing land to rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brumfiel said: “We’re trying to really tell the stories on the ground that are happening to Americans right now. And often those stories aren’t natural disasters. It is stuff that is happening on a smaller scale every day; local disasters, I guess you could call them, that are really changing America. Climate is changing all sorts of different aspects of our lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, we’ll update this column if the newsroom comes to a decision on language about climate change that would work for more news stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfire+Reports+Ignite+Debate+Over+Climate+Change+Coverage&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "An Endangered Whale Clings to Her Dead Calf Weeks After She Died",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"dtTitle\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"dtTitleContainer\">\n\u003cp>A female killer whale is still clinging to her dead calf more than two weeks after her newborn died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The endangered orca, given the name Tahlequah, gave birth on July 24 and the calf died shortly afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The mother has been keeping its body afloat ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Milstein, a spokesman with NOAA Fisheries, says researchers on Wednesday spotted the 20-year-old whale known as J35 carrying her dead young off the tip of Washington’s Olympic Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image of the mother whale clinging to the dead calf has struck an emotional chord worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1929259\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1200x796.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1920x1274.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1180x783.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-960x637.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milstein says researchers with Fisheries and Ocean Canada also spotted another member of the same pod — the 3 ½-year old whale J50 that is emaciated. The ailing orca was swimming with her mom Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of experts led by NOAA Fisheries have been searching for the young whale to assess her health and potentially give her medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Biologists are ready to feed the malnourished whale fresh salmon along with antibiotics to treat an infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleIcons\">\u003cem>NPR contributed to this report. See\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/search?query=orca&page=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> here\u003c/a> for more of NPR’s coverage on the endangered orcas. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"dtTitle\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"dtTitleContainer\">\n\u003cp>A female killer whale is still clinging to her dead calf more than two weeks after her newborn died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The endangered orca, given the name Tahlequah, gave birth on July 24 and the calf died shortly afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The mother has been keeping its body afloat ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Milstein, a spokesman with NOAA Fisheries, says researchers on Wednesday spotted the 20-year-old whale known as J35 carrying her dead young off the tip of Washington’s Olympic Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image of the mother whale clinging to the dead calf has struck an emotional chord worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1929259\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-800x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-800x531.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-768x510.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1020x677.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1200x796.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1920x1274.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-1180x783.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-960x637.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-375x249.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/neonate_face_20180724MNW_SJ1-101-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milstein says researchers with Fisheries and Ocean Canada also spotted another member of the same pod — the 3 ½-year old whale J50 that is emaciated. The ailing orca was swimming with her mom Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of experts led by NOAA Fisheries have been searching for the young whale to assess her health and potentially give her medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Biologists are ready to feed the malnourished whale fresh salmon along with antibiotics to treat an infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleIcons\">\u003cem>NPR contributed to this report. See\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/search?query=orca&page=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> here\u003c/a> for more of NPR’s coverage on the endangered orcas. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Hazy California Struggles With Smoky Smell From Distant Blaze",
"headTitle": "Hazy California Struggles With Smoky Smell From Distant Blaze | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For two weeks a dull haze and the faint smell of smoke from distant blazes have blanketed many California cities, forcing summer campers to stay inside, obscuring normally bright skylines and leaving cars covered with ash.[contextly_sidebar id=”jJFaLDN0d8ge2Zap8aJeG8lfV5McaNQg”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoky air from blowing winds is nothing new in California, but air quality experts say it’s rare for the dirty air to linger for so long, a reality of ever-larger fires that take longer to extinguish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The haze stretches from the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range to the Sacramento and San Francisco Bay areas, and nearly every major population center in between has suffered air quality that’s considered dangerous for children, the elderly and people with asthma or other respiratory conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaela Baylis used to take her nearly 2-year-old son to a park twice a day, but has only gone in the morning the last 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He asks to go outside a lot in the afternoon,” she said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two major wildfires — one called the Mendocino Complex Fire that is the largest in California history — burning more than 100 miles (160 kilometers) north of Sacramento and another huge fire near Yosemite National Park a little farther to the southeast. Firefighters made significant process against the Mendocino Complex for the first time Wednesday but said the blazes will likely continue through September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires have combined to produce unhealthy air that has drifted as far east as Salt Lake City, 450 miles (725 kilometers) away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skies there were so murky that residents there couldn’t even see the nearby mountain range that hovers over the valley earlier this week. Utah air quality officials warned children and seniors to limit time outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skies cleared a bit on Wednesday in Utah’s capital city, but more smoke is expected to blow in over the weekend, National Weather Service meteorologist Steve Rogowski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday marked the Sacramento region’s 13th straight “Spare the Air” day, when people are encouraged not to drive and add further pollutants to the air — the longest stretch since at least 2001. A similar warning is effect in the San Francisco Bay Area, and air quality experts in California’s Central Valley and areas southeast of Los Angeles are warning residents to limit outdoor exposure because of wildfires there.[contextly_sidebar id=”pcErX78Wv3imceGEqTEQFZrdo7GOZYza”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday morning, John and Rosalie Gonzales strolled through a Sacramento park with their toddler granddaughter they were visiting. For the last few days at their home in the San Francisco Bay Area community of Albany they have awakened to ash on their cars from the Mendocino Complex Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a rarity until a few years ago, before California began experiencing more unusually large wildfires, they said. “It doesn’t seem like it’s sustainable to have this happening year after year after year,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A day earlier, dozens of summer campers sat inside watching a movie at a Sacramento YMCA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally that doesn’t happen on a regular day at camp,” said Jay Lowden, president of the YMCA for a nine-county region that serves more than 700 kids weekly at 13 summer camps. His counselors monitor the air quality on a daily basis, and Lowden said he may cancel a planned family camp this weekend in the foothills because of the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sac United, a competitive youth soccer club, has cancelled four practices in the past two weeks because of poor air quality. High school sports teams are being similarly conscious of dangerous air as practices get underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento residents have taken to Twitter to share photos of a dark grey sky hanging over the Capitol in mid-afternoon and a city skyline difficult to make out. The smell of smoke has even slipped into downtown office buildings.[contextly_sidebar id=”ZvLkayme2J1ISafOo75jEeENzfWLIWsG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was horrible; I’ve never seen anything like it before,” Mayor Darrell Steinberg said of Monday’s afternoon haze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori Kobza, spokeswoman for the Sacramento Air Quality Management District, said it’s hard to predict when things will improve because of the unpredictably of the fires and the winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the city is located in a valley, it’s easier for smoky air to get trapped here when high pressure systems blow in, making Sacramento like a smoke-filled bowl that’s had a lid placed tightly on top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all trapped in it,” Kobza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writer Brady McCombs in Salt Lake City contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Air quality experts say it’s rare for the dirty air to linger for so long, a reality of ever-larger fires that take longer to extinguish.\r\n\r\n",
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"description": "Air quality experts say it’s rare for the dirty air to linger for so long, a reality of ever-larger fires that take longer to extinguish.\r\n\r\n",
"title": "Hazy California Struggles With Smoky Smell From Distant Blaze | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For two weeks a dull haze and the faint smell of smoke from distant blazes have blanketed many California cities, forcing summer campers to stay inside, obscuring normally bright skylines and leaving cars covered with ash.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoky air from blowing winds is nothing new in California, but air quality experts say it’s rare for the dirty air to linger for so long, a reality of ever-larger fires that take longer to extinguish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The haze stretches from the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range to the Sacramento and San Francisco Bay areas, and nearly every major population center in between has suffered air quality that’s considered dangerous for children, the elderly and people with asthma or other respiratory conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaela Baylis used to take her nearly 2-year-old son to a park twice a day, but has only gone in the morning the last 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He asks to go outside a lot in the afternoon,” she said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two major wildfires — one called the Mendocino Complex Fire that is the largest in California history — burning more than 100 miles (160 kilometers) north of Sacramento and another huge fire near Yosemite National Park a little farther to the southeast. Firefighters made significant process against the Mendocino Complex for the first time Wednesday but said the blazes will likely continue through September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires have combined to produce unhealthy air that has drifted as far east as Salt Lake City, 450 miles (725 kilometers) away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skies there were so murky that residents there couldn’t even see the nearby mountain range that hovers over the valley earlier this week. Utah air quality officials warned children and seniors to limit time outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skies cleared a bit on Wednesday in Utah’s capital city, but more smoke is expected to blow in over the weekend, National Weather Service meteorologist Steve Rogowski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday marked the Sacramento region’s 13th straight “Spare the Air” day, when people are encouraged not to drive and add further pollutants to the air — the longest stretch since at least 2001. A similar warning is effect in the San Francisco Bay Area, and air quality experts in California’s Central Valley and areas southeast of Los Angeles are warning residents to limit outdoor exposure because of wildfires there.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday morning, John and Rosalie Gonzales strolled through a Sacramento park with their toddler granddaughter they were visiting. For the last few days at their home in the San Francisco Bay Area community of Albany they have awakened to ash on their cars from the Mendocino Complex Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a rarity until a few years ago, before California began experiencing more unusually large wildfires, they said. “It doesn’t seem like it’s sustainable to have this happening year after year after year,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A day earlier, dozens of summer campers sat inside watching a movie at a Sacramento YMCA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally that doesn’t happen on a regular day at camp,” said Jay Lowden, president of the YMCA for a nine-county region that serves more than 700 kids weekly at 13 summer camps. His counselors monitor the air quality on a daily basis, and Lowden said he may cancel a planned family camp this weekend in the foothills because of the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sac United, a competitive youth soccer club, has cancelled four practices in the past two weeks because of poor air quality. High school sports teams are being similarly conscious of dangerous air as practices get underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento residents have taken to Twitter to share photos of a dark grey sky hanging over the Capitol in mid-afternoon and a city skyline difficult to make out. The smell of smoke has even slipped into downtown office buildings.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was horrible; I’ve never seen anything like it before,” Mayor Darrell Steinberg said of Monday’s afternoon haze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori Kobza, spokeswoman for the Sacramento Air Quality Management District, said it’s hard to predict when things will improve because of the unpredictably of the fires and the winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the city is located in a valley, it’s easier for smoky air to get trapped here when high pressure systems blow in, making Sacramento like a smoke-filled bowl that’s had a lid placed tightly on top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all trapped in it,” Kobza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writer Brady McCombs in Salt Lake City contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration appears to be bringing President Trump’s recent tweets about California’s wildfires and environmental laws to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross \u003ca href=\"https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2018/08/us-secretary-commerce-wilbur-ross-issues-directive-national-marine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has directed fisheries officials\u003c/a> to “facilitate” access to water in order to aid in firefighting efforts in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The administration appears to have taken a misleading Trump tweet as an opportunity to swipe at the Endangered Species Act. But practically, nothing may come of it.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The protection of life and property takes precedence over any current agreements regarding the use of water,” he said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “current agreements” are likely about the protection of endangered salmon, which are overseen by the National Marine Fisheries Service in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The directive follows President Trump’s tweet on Sunday, which said: “California wildfires are being magnified & made so much worse by the bad environmental laws which aren’t allowing massive amount of readily available water to be properly utilized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tweet \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928770/no-president-trump-calif-isnt-diverting-its-water-supply-away-from-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confused California fire experts\u003c/a>, who say water availability hasn’t been a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not having any issues accessing any water supplies,” said Cal Fire spokesman Scott McLean. “We have plenty. The fires are right near reservoirs. We’re doing the job, we’re fighting the fight, we have the resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokespeople at the Department of Commerce and at the National Marine Fisheries Service refused to comment or clarify the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several California experts were stumped as to what endangered species protections could be at issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While Californians are choking on smoke, they’ve got to be smoking something awfully funny back there in D.C.,” said John McManus of the Golden Gate Salmon Association. “There’s nothing standing in the way of firefighters that comes from salmon protections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal protections for salmon require some water to remain in Lake Shasta in Northern California through the late summer, instead of releasing it to the Pacific Ocean or delivering it to water users. That’s to help endangered winter-run Chinook salmon, who lay their eggs below Shasta Dam and need cold water in the Sacramento River to keep them alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Provisions in the Endangered Species Act that requiring water to be held in there for salmon ought to be aiding the firefighters now,” says McManus. “In fact, I’m certain that they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently under the Endangered Species Act, protections for species should not interfere with efforts to save lives or property. “This objective takes precedence if there is a conflict with protective measures for listed species under the ESA,” say \u003ca href=\"http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/protected_resources/section_7/emergency_consultation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">current guidelines on the NOAA Fisheries website\u003c/a>. This leeway is already written into existing policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are concerned that it points to a larger effort to roll back endangered species protections in California. The Department of the Interior is already working on a plan to “maximize water deliveries” to users of its Central Valley Water project, which has historically been limited in some years by fish protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going forward, the Department and NOAA are committed to finding new solutions to address threatened and endangered species in the context of the challenging water management situation in California,” Secretary Ross’ statement concluded.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration appears to be bringing President Trump’s recent tweets about California’s wildfires and environmental laws to life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross \u003ca href=\"https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2018/08/us-secretary-commerce-wilbur-ross-issues-directive-national-marine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has directed fisheries officials\u003c/a> to “facilitate” access to water in order to aid in firefighting efforts in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The administration appears to have taken a misleading Trump tweet as an opportunity to swipe at the Endangered Species Act. But practically, nothing may come of it.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The protection of life and property takes precedence over any current agreements regarding the use of water,” he said in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “current agreements” are likely about the protection of endangered salmon, which are overseen by the National Marine Fisheries Service in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The directive follows President Trump’s tweet on Sunday, which said: “California wildfires are being magnified & made so much worse by the bad environmental laws which aren’t allowing massive amount of readily available water to be properly utilized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tweet \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928770/no-president-trump-calif-isnt-diverting-its-water-supply-away-from-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confused California fire experts\u003c/a>, who say water availability hasn’t been a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not having any issues accessing any water supplies,” said Cal Fire spokesman Scott McLean. “We have plenty. The fires are right near reservoirs. We’re doing the job, we’re fighting the fight, we have the resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokespeople at the Department of Commerce and at the National Marine Fisheries Service refused to comment or clarify the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several California experts were stumped as to what endangered species protections could be at issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While Californians are choking on smoke, they’ve got to be smoking something awfully funny back there in D.C.,” said John McManus of the Golden Gate Salmon Association. “There’s nothing standing in the way of firefighters that comes from salmon protections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal protections for salmon require some water to remain in Lake Shasta in Northern California through the late summer, instead of releasing it to the Pacific Ocean or delivering it to water users. That’s to help endangered winter-run Chinook salmon, who lay their eggs below Shasta Dam and need cold water in the Sacramento River to keep them alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Provisions in the Endangered Species Act that requiring water to be held in there for salmon ought to be aiding the firefighters now,” says McManus. “In fact, I’m certain that they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently under the Endangered Species Act, protections for species should not interfere with efforts to save lives or property. “This objective takes precedence if there is a conflict with protective measures for listed species under the ESA,” say \u003ca href=\"http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/protected_resources/section_7/emergency_consultation/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">current guidelines on the NOAA Fisheries website\u003c/a>. This leeway is already written into existing policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are concerned that it points to a larger effort to roll back endangered species protections in California. The Department of the Interior is already working on a plan to “maximize water deliveries” to users of its Central Valley Water project, which has historically been limited in some years by fish protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Going forward, the Department and NOAA are committed to finding new solutions to address threatened and endangered species in the context of the challenging water management situation in California,” Secretary Ross’ statement concluded.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California's Largest, Deadliest and Most Destructive Fires",
"headTitle": "California’s Largest, Deadliest and Most Destructive Fires | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The twin fires at the Mendocino Complex are now on record as being the\u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest blazes\u003c/a> in California history, having burned through 300,086 acres and counting.[contextly_sidebar id=”4vMYZu0nmsgzXvXYrGlETGEpECTKeFiJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s top five largest blazes occurred within the last five years, according to Cal Fire records stretching back to 1932, underscoring the role of climate change in fueling increased wildfire activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing in California right now is more destructive, larger fires burning at rates that we have historically never seen,” Jonathan Cox, a Cal Fire spokesman, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/31/us/carr-fire-california/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> CNN recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists attribute this surge of fire activity to climate change, which is driving up temperatures and priming extremely dry brush for ignition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human-driven warming is \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Wildfires-getting-worse-due-to-climate-change-9961409.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drying out forests\u003c/a> to the point that peak fire seasons in the region have increased every year by about nine days since 2000, according to a 2017 study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because temperatures\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/impacts/infographic-wildfires-climate-change.html#.W2thz_5KjOQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> throughout \u003c/a>the western U.S. are increasing at a much faster rate than for the planet as a whole.[contextly_sidebar id=”ynVjZoRNzkzK1yvpKA5e9YiNAdq2u3pi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1970, average annual temperatures for the region have increased by 1.9° F, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/impacts/infographic-wildfires-climate-change.html#.W2thz_5KjOQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about twice the pace\u003c/a> of the global average warming, according to data from the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile urbanization is contributing to the destructiveness of wildfires \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928770\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as more people\u003c/a> move into harm’s way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, are three top 10 lists citing California’s largest, most destructive, and deadliest wildfires, based on Cal Fire records going back to 1932.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Largest Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Mendocino Complex, July, 2018.\u003c/strong> Impacting Mendocino, Lake and Colusa Counties. 300,086 acres burned, 221 structures destroyed as of Wednesday morning. Fire is ongoing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Thomas Fire, December, 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties. 281,893 acres burned, 1,063 structures destroyed, 1 death. Cause is under investigation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego County. 273,246 acres burned, 2,820 structures destroyed, 15 deaths. Sparked by a signal fire from lost hunter.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rush Fire, August 2012.\u003c/strong> Impacting Lassen County. 271,911 acres burned, 5 deaths. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rim Fire, August 2013.\u003c/strong> Impacting Tuolumne County. 257,314 acres burned, 112 structures destroyed. Sparked by camp fire.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Z\u003cstrong>aca Fire, July 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting Santa Barbara County. 240,207 acres burned, 1 structure destroyed, 7 deaths. The fire was caused by sparks from a grinding machine on private property.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Matilija Fire, September 1932.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura County. 220,000 acres burned, 8 deaths. Unknown cause.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Witch Fire, October 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego County. 197,990 acres burned, 1,650 structures destroyed, 2 deaths. Sparked by power lines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Klamath Theater Complex, June 2008.\u003c/strong> Impacting Siskiyou County. 192,038 acres destroyed, 2 deaths. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Marble Cone, July 1977.\u003c/strong> Impacting Monterey County. 177,866 acres destroyed. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Most Destructive Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929050\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929050\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighting airplane drops fire retardant at the Holy Fire near Lake Elsinore, in Orange County, California, on August 7, 2018. \u003ccite>(DAVID MCNEW/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tubbs Fire, October 2017\u003c/strong>. Impacting Sonoma County. 36,807 acres burned, 5,636 structures destroyed, 22 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tunnel-Oakland Hills Fire, October 1991\u003c/strong>. Impacting Alameda County. 1,600 acres burned, 2,900 structures destroyed, 25 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Diego. 273,246 acres burned, 2,820 structures destroyed, 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Valley Fire, September 2015\u003c/strong>. Impacting Lake, Napa & Sonoma Counties. 76,067 acres burned, 1,955, structures destroyed, 4 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Witch Fire, October 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 197,990 acres burned, 1,650 structures destroyed, 2 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Carr Fire, July 2018.\u003c/strong> Impacting Shasta and Trinity Counties. 173,522 acres burned, 1,599 structures destroyed, 6 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Nuns Fire, October 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Sonoma County. 54,382 acres burned, 1,355 structures destroyed, 3 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Thomas Fire, December 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura & Santa Barbara Counties. 281,893 acres burned, 1,063 structures destroyed, 2 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Old Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Bernardino. 91,281 acres burned, 1,003 structures destroyed, 6 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jones Fire, October 1999.\u003c/strong> Impacting Shasta County. 26,200 acres burned, 954 structures destroyed, 1 death.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Deadliest Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-768x514.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1200x803.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1920x1284.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jay Michael (R) and Gretchen Fritsch rest in their car during the Ranch Fire in the parking lot of the Moose Lodge in Clearlake Oaks, California on August 7, 2018. \u003ccite>(JOSH EDELSON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Griffith Park, October 1933.\u003c/strong> Impacting Los Angeles. 29 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tunnel-Oakland Hills Fire, October 1991. \u003c/strong>Impacting Alameda County. 25 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tubbs Fire, October 2017\u003c/strong>. Impacting Sonoma County. 22 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Diego. 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rattlesnake Fire, July 1953. \u003c/strong>Impacting Glenn County. 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Loop Fire, November 1966. \u003c/strong>Impacting Los Angeles. 12 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Hauser Creek, October 1943.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 11 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Inaja Fire, November 1956.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 11 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Iron Alps Complex, August 2008.\u003c/strong> Impacting Trinity County, 10 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Redwood Valley Fire, October 2017. \u003c/strong>Impacting Mendocino County. 9 deaths. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With climate change fueling the frequency and intensity of wildfires, we list the largest, most destructive, and deadliest wildfires in California's recorded history.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The twin fires at the Mendocino Complex are now on record as being the\u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest blazes\u003c/a> in California history, having burned through 300,086 acres and counting.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s top five largest blazes occurred within the last five years, according to Cal Fire records stretching back to 1932, underscoring the role of climate change in fueling increased wildfire activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing in California right now is more destructive, larger fires burning at rates that we have historically never seen,” Jonathan Cox, a Cal Fire spokesman, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/31/us/carr-fire-california/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> CNN recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists attribute this surge of fire activity to climate change, which is driving up temperatures and priming extremely dry brush for ignition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human-driven warming is \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Wildfires-getting-worse-due-to-climate-change-9961409.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drying out forests\u003c/a> to the point that peak fire seasons in the region have increased every year by about nine days since 2000, according to a 2017 study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because temperatures\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/impacts/infographic-wildfires-climate-change.html#.W2thz_5KjOQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> throughout \u003c/a>the western U.S. are increasing at a much faster rate than for the planet as a whole.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1970, average annual temperatures for the region have increased by 1.9° F, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/impacts/infographic-wildfires-climate-change.html#.W2thz_5KjOQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about twice the pace\u003c/a> of the global average warming, according to data from the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile urbanization is contributing to the destructiveness of wildfires \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928770\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as more people\u003c/a> move into harm’s way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, are three top 10 lists citing California’s largest, most destructive, and deadliest wildfires, based on Cal Fire records going back to 1932.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Largest Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Mendocino Complex, July, 2018.\u003c/strong> Impacting Mendocino, Lake and Colusa Counties. 300,086 acres burned, 221 structures destroyed as of Wednesday morning. Fire is ongoing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Thomas Fire, December, 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties. 281,893 acres burned, 1,063 structures destroyed, 1 death. Cause is under investigation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego County. 273,246 acres burned, 2,820 structures destroyed, 15 deaths. Sparked by a signal fire from lost hunter.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rush Fire, August 2012.\u003c/strong> Impacting Lassen County. 271,911 acres burned, 5 deaths. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rim Fire, August 2013.\u003c/strong> Impacting Tuolumne County. 257,314 acres burned, 112 structures destroyed. Sparked by camp fire.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Z\u003cstrong>aca Fire, July 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting Santa Barbara County. 240,207 acres burned, 1 structure destroyed, 7 deaths. The fire was caused by sparks from a grinding machine on private property.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Matilija Fire, September 1932.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura County. 220,000 acres burned, 8 deaths. Unknown cause.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Witch Fire, October 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego County. 197,990 acres burned, 1,650 structures destroyed, 2 deaths. Sparked by power lines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Klamath Theater Complex, June 2008.\u003c/strong> Impacting Siskiyou County. 192,038 acres destroyed, 2 deaths. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Marble Cone, July 1977.\u003c/strong> Impacting Monterey County. 177,866 acres destroyed. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Most Destructive Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929050\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929050\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighting airplane drops fire retardant at the Holy Fire near Lake Elsinore, in Orange County, California, on August 7, 2018. \u003ccite>(DAVID MCNEW/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tubbs Fire, October 2017\u003c/strong>. Impacting Sonoma County. 36,807 acres burned, 5,636 structures destroyed, 22 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tunnel-Oakland Hills Fire, October 1991\u003c/strong>. Impacting Alameda County. 1,600 acres burned, 2,900 structures destroyed, 25 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Diego. 273,246 acres burned, 2,820 structures destroyed, 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Valley Fire, September 2015\u003c/strong>. Impacting Lake, Napa & Sonoma Counties. 76,067 acres burned, 1,955, structures destroyed, 4 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Witch Fire, October 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 197,990 acres burned, 1,650 structures destroyed, 2 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Carr Fire, July 2018.\u003c/strong> Impacting Shasta and Trinity Counties. 173,522 acres burned, 1,599 structures destroyed, 6 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Nuns Fire, October 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Sonoma County. 54,382 acres burned, 1,355 structures destroyed, 3 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Thomas Fire, December 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura & Santa Barbara Counties. 281,893 acres burned, 1,063 structures destroyed, 2 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Old Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Bernardino. 91,281 acres burned, 1,003 structures destroyed, 6 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jones Fire, October 1999.\u003c/strong> Impacting Shasta County. 26,200 acres burned, 954 structures destroyed, 1 death.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Deadliest Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-768x514.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1200x803.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1920x1284.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jay Michael (R) and Gretchen Fritsch rest in their car during the Ranch Fire in the parking lot of the Moose Lodge in Clearlake Oaks, California on August 7, 2018. \u003ccite>(JOSH EDELSON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Griffith Park, October 1933.\u003c/strong> Impacting Los Angeles. 29 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tunnel-Oakland Hills Fire, October 1991. \u003c/strong>Impacting Alameda County. 25 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tubbs Fire, October 2017\u003c/strong>. Impacting Sonoma County. 22 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Diego. 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rattlesnake Fire, July 1953. \u003c/strong>Impacting Glenn County. 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Loop Fire, November 1966. \u003c/strong>Impacting Los Angeles. 12 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Hauser Creek, October 1943.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 11 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Inaja Fire, November 1956.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 11 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Iron Alps Complex, August 2008.\u003c/strong> Impacting Trinity County, 10 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Redwood Valley Fire, October 2017. \u003c/strong>Impacting Mendocino County. 9 deaths. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "As California Burns, Climate Goals May Go Up In Smoke — Even After the Flames Are Out",
"headTitle": "As California Burns, Climate Goals May Go Up In Smoke — Even After the Flames Are Out | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As crews across California battle more than a dozen wildfires—including the largest in state history—the blazes are spewing enough carbon into the air to undo some of the good done by the state’s climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s even worse: Climate-warming compounds that will be released by the charred forests long \u003cem>after\u003c/em> the fires are extinguished may do more to warm up the planet than the immediate harm from smoky air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that only about 15 percent of a forest’s store of carbon is expelled during burns. The remainder is released slowly over the coming years and decades, as trees decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That second hit of carbon, experts say, contains compounds that do more to accelerate climate change than those from the original fire. And future fires over previously burned ground could make climate prospects even more bleak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst possible situation is the fire that comes through and kills everything,” said Nic Enstice, regional science coordinator for the Sierra Nevada Conservancy. “Then, ten or fifteen years later, another fire comes through and releases all the carbon left in the trees on the ground. That’s really bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a scenario that could explode at any time. Enstice cited a \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/stephenslab/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Stephens-et-al.-Fire-Tree-Mortality-BioSci-2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research paper\u003c/a> published this year that laid out a chilling tableau: California has more than a 120 million dead trees strewn around its mountain ranges, with the southern Sierra hardest hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When fires hit those downed trees, the state will begin to experience “mass fires” spewing plumes of carbon. The resulting conflagrations, according to the researcher, will be almost unimaginable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The emissions from those fires will be unlike anything we will have ever seen,” Enstice said. “And you won’t be able put it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Computing the carbon released from the the fires so far this year will not happen soon. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.wrapair2.org/pdf/Yates_WESTAR_AJAX_13Jan2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flies planes\u003c/a> through smoke plumes, gathering data, but air traffic over wildfires is tightly restricted. Scientific research is not a top priority when fires are threatening towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some preliminary data is available now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One method uses inventories of existing forests—surveying how many trees and which type. Those records are updated every 10 years. Researchers then overlay infrared images captured from satellites that show what’s burning and at what intensity. From that, predictions can be made about carbon emissions on any given day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that emissions from burned forests are one of the most virulent types, called black carbon. According to the most recent accounting from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/slcp/slcp.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state Air Resources Board\u003c/a>, California’s annual black carbon discharge—excluding wildfires—are equal to emissions from about 8 million passenger vehicles driven for one year. Not a small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the state calculates the same annual average of black carbon coming solely from wildfires, it’s the equivalent of nearly 19 million additional cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With year-round fire seasons and fire intensity off the charts, state officials admit that wildfires could \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-wildfires-looming-threat-climate-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set back \u003c/a>California’s myriad policies to offset the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s significant,” Enstice said. “We don’t have a lot of data to measure yet, we’re still using primitive tools. But everyone is gearing up to study this.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/julie-cart/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>,\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As crews across California battle more than a dozen wildfires—including the largest in state history—the blazes are spewing enough carbon into the air to undo some of the good done by the state’s climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s even worse: Climate-warming compounds that will be released by the charred forests long \u003cem>after\u003c/em> the fires are extinguished may do more to warm up the planet than the immediate harm from smoky air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that only about 15 percent of a forest’s store of carbon is expelled during burns. The remainder is released slowly over the coming years and decades, as trees decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That second hit of carbon, experts say, contains compounds that do more to accelerate climate change than those from the original fire. And future fires over previously burned ground could make climate prospects even more bleak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst possible situation is the fire that comes through and kills everything,” said Nic Enstice, regional science coordinator for the Sierra Nevada Conservancy. “Then, ten or fifteen years later, another fire comes through and releases all the carbon left in the trees on the ground. That’s really bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a scenario that could explode at any time. Enstice cited a \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/stephenslab/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Stephens-et-al.-Fire-Tree-Mortality-BioSci-2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research paper\u003c/a> published this year that laid out a chilling tableau: California has more than a 120 million dead trees strewn around its mountain ranges, with the southern Sierra hardest hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When fires hit those downed trees, the state will begin to experience “mass fires” spewing plumes of carbon. The resulting conflagrations, according to the researcher, will be almost unimaginable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The emissions from those fires will be unlike anything we will have ever seen,” Enstice said. “And you won’t be able put it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Computing the carbon released from the the fires so far this year will not happen soon. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.wrapair2.org/pdf/Yates_WESTAR_AJAX_13Jan2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flies planes\u003c/a> through smoke plumes, gathering data, but air traffic over wildfires is tightly restricted. Scientific research is not a top priority when fires are threatening towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some preliminary data is available now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One method uses inventories of existing forests—surveying how many trees and which type. Those records are updated every 10 years. Researchers then overlay infrared images captured from satellites that show what’s burning and at what intensity. From that, predictions can be made about carbon emissions on any given day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that emissions from burned forests are one of the most virulent types, called black carbon. According to the most recent accounting from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/slcp/slcp.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state Air Resources Board\u003c/a>, California’s annual black carbon discharge—excluding wildfires—are equal to emissions from about 8 million passenger vehicles driven for one year. Not a small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the state calculates the same annual average of black carbon coming solely from wildfires, it’s the equivalent of nearly 19 million additional cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With year-round fire seasons and fire intensity off the charts, state officials admit that wildfires could \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-wildfires-looming-threat-climate-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set back \u003c/a>California’s myriad policies to offset the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s significant,” Enstice said. “We don’t have a lot of data to measure yet, we’re still using primitive tools. But everyone is gearing up to study this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Study: Blocking Sunlight to Fight Climate Change Bad for Crops",
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"content": "\u003cp>As global warming intensifies, innovators are increasingly exploring extreme ideas to reduce the existential risks posed by climate change.[contextly_sidebar id=”3KFTtZuiPIROitDbblZdpX4G0yfVXX3I”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/485125/despite-millions-in-investment-carbon-capture-flops-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stripping the atmosphere\u003c/a> of greenhouse gases or designing\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/climatewatch/2012/01/11/cleaner-air-the-word-could-still-be-plastics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> fake trees to soak up\u003c/a> carbon from the air, technologies that claim to do the extraordinary are being seriously investigated by today’s scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar geoengineering, the purposeful alteration of the climate to mitigate the effects of climate change, is one such example. If sunlight could be blocked, the thinking goes, surface temperatures would decrease and the worst effects of heating could be avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2018/08/08/blocking-sunlight-to-cool-earth-wont-reduce-crop-damage-from-global-warming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new study\u003c/a> casts doubt that the technology would solve more problems than it would cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agricultural effects of solar geoengineering entails spraying sulfur dioxide — particles that reflect sunlight back into space — into the atmosphere, resulting in a cooler planet and better crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To predict the effects of injecting particles into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight back into space, researchers at U.C. Berkeley observed cases of natural geoeningeering: volcanic eruptions.[contextly_sidebar id=”UTCswFxBMu8KcxoIA34DD2pnPif5CgJs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While emissions from volcanoes do decrease surface temperatures, the researchers found that the process did nothing to offset crop damage from rising global temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers collected data from past volcanic eruptions, which naturally spew sun-reflecting sulfate particles into the atmosphere, to provide the first estimates of how these particles effect the quantity and quality of sunlight, and how these changes in turn impact global crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, they looked at the impact of sulfate particles on local temperature, rainfall, and cloud cover and how these changes affected a number of crops: corn, rice, wheat and soybean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After crunching the data, they found that any improvements in crop yields from cooler temperatures were negated by reduced yields due to less sunlight reaching the plants, according to lead author Jonathan Proctor, an agricultural economist at U.C. Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crops needs cooler conditions to grow but they also require bright sunlight,” says Proctor. “It’s like using one credit card to pay off another. You end up in the same position where you started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the resulting cooler conditions protected crops from the effects of extreme heat, the changes in sunlight levels led to reduced yields.[contextly_sidebar id=”yQycfWLPaVdfQgOSx5WG1v0dxrCwMS7Z”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our results suggest that the side effects of the treatment are just as bad as the original disease,” says Proctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Proctor says there is evidence to suggest that using different particles that do a better job of scattering light, and therefore allowing more of it to reach plants, may yield better results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you could design particles better, perhaps you can mitigate some of the damages to crop yields,” he says. “That said, more uncertainty arises because once you begin tweaking things, you may observe more side effects. And we’ve never seen alternative particles injected in huge amounts into the atmosphere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the disappointing findings, Proctor cautions against ruling out solar geoengineering as a potential tool in the fight against climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We only focused on the agricultural sector but this could still be an incredibly important and useful technology in other sectors,” he says. “Climate change will continue to have damaging effects on the world and our goal as scientists is to chip away at the uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As global warming intensifies, innovators are increasingly exploring extreme ideas to reduce the existential risks posed by climate change.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/485125/despite-millions-in-investment-carbon-capture-flops-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stripping the atmosphere\u003c/a> of greenhouse gases or designing\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/climatewatch/2012/01/11/cleaner-air-the-word-could-still-be-plastics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> fake trees to soak up\u003c/a> carbon from the air, technologies that claim to do the extraordinary are being seriously investigated by today’s scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar geoengineering, the purposeful alteration of the climate to mitigate the effects of climate change, is one such example. If sunlight could be blocked, the thinking goes, surface temperatures would decrease and the worst effects of heating could be avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2018/08/08/blocking-sunlight-to-cool-earth-wont-reduce-crop-damage-from-global-warming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new study\u003c/a> casts doubt that the technology would solve more problems than it would cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agricultural effects of solar geoengineering entails spraying sulfur dioxide — particles that reflect sunlight back into space — into the atmosphere, resulting in a cooler planet and better crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To predict the effects of injecting particles into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight back into space, researchers at U.C. Berkeley observed cases of natural geoeningeering: volcanic eruptions.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While emissions from volcanoes do decrease surface temperatures, the researchers found that the process did nothing to offset crop damage from rising global temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers collected data from past volcanic eruptions, which naturally spew sun-reflecting sulfate particles into the atmosphere, to provide the first estimates of how these particles effect the quantity and quality of sunlight, and how these changes in turn impact global crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, they looked at the impact of sulfate particles on local temperature, rainfall, and cloud cover and how these changes affected a number of crops: corn, rice, wheat and soybean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After crunching the data, they found that any improvements in crop yields from cooler temperatures were negated by reduced yields due to less sunlight reaching the plants, according to lead author Jonathan Proctor, an agricultural economist at U.C. Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crops needs cooler conditions to grow but they also require bright sunlight,” says Proctor. “It’s like using one credit card to pay off another. You end up in the same position where you started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the resulting cooler conditions protected crops from the effects of extreme heat, the changes in sunlight levels led to reduced yields.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our results suggest that the side effects of the treatment are just as bad as the original disease,” says Proctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Proctor says there is evidence to suggest that using different particles that do a better job of scattering light, and therefore allowing more of it to reach plants, may yield better results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you could design particles better, perhaps you can mitigate some of the damages to crop yields,” he says. “That said, more uncertainty arises because once you begin tweaking things, you may observe more side effects. And we’ve never seen alternative particles injected in huge amounts into the atmosphere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the disappointing findings, Proctor cautions against ruling out solar geoengineering as a potential tool in the fight against climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We only focused on the agricultural sector but this could still be an incredibly important and useful technology in other sectors,” he says. “Climate change will continue to have damaging effects on the world and our goal as scientists is to chip away at the uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Judge: Woman Who Used San Francisco-Based App Not Entitled to Anonymity",
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"content": "\u003cp>A social media platform can be compelled to divulge account information belonging to a woman who anonymously chatted online about plans for last summer’s deadly white nationalist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, a federal magistrate judge ruled Monday.[contextly_sidebar id=”hfclwd4fLtitMc1jBTYCupCGiF7AGHl2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Magistrate Judge Joseph Spero’s 28-page order says the woman’s First Amendment rights to anonymous speech don’t outweigh the importance of disclosing her identity to plaintiffs’ attorneys suing over the rally’s violence. Leaked Discord messages indicate the woman, identified only as “Jane Doe” in court papers, likely was involved in planning the event last August, the magistrate said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco-based Discord, an app that allows for text and voice chats, is popular with video game players. But the service also has been a communication tool for far-right extremists, including organizers of the Charlottesville rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman’s attorneys had asked the San Francisco-based magistrate to quash a subpoena for Discord to turn over her account information and content of her communications to the lawyers, who filed a federal suit in Virginia against organizers of the “Unite the Right” rally last August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of people traveled to Charlottesville to participate in the rally and protest the city’s plans to remove a statue of Robert E. Lee from a park that was named after the Confederate general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunday is the anniversary of the deadly rally in Charlottesville, where white supremacists and counter-protesters clashed in the streets before a car plowed into a crowd, killing 32-year-old counter-protester Heather Heyer.[contextly_sidebar id=”DgyFaNH6SwWud9CLPaQGWxkzA1eR9sJk”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spero said federal law prohibits Discord from releasing the content of a message without the sender or receiver’s consent. But he ruled the plaintiffs’ interest in her account information outweighs any impact on her First Amendment rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The magistrate noted that the woman’s personally identifying information can remain confidential, or “highly confidential” and therefore kept from plaintiffs’ lawyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman had asked the court to quash a subpoena for Discord to turn over subscriber information and communications belonging to at least 32 accounts. But the magistrate said the woman does not have legal standing to challenge the subpoena on behalf of other users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers argued the subpoena is a “fishing expedition” designed to expose the identities and destroy the lives of people with “unpopular political views.”\u003c/p>\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>“Doe has a constitutional right to associate with people who think as she does and to engage in controversial political speech anonymously, and the Plaintiffs have no right to acquire her correspondence or information,” her attorneys wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the plaintiffs’ attorneys say the Discord chat logs are “evidence at the heart of the case” against the Charlottesville rally’s organizers, who posted instructions for participants, including what weapons to bring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jane Doe is a self-described “political dissident” who used the handle “kristall.night” on Discord. Her alias appears to refer to the Nazis’ deadly, anti-Jewish Kristallnacht pogroms in Germany before World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaked excerpts of the Charlottesville chat logs show Jane Doe was involved in planning that weekend’s events and shared the rally organizers’ “goals of violence and intimidation and their motivation of racial animus,” plaintiffs’ lawyers claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She declared, ‘Without complicit whites, Jews wouldn’t be a problem,’ and ‘I hate miscegenation so much more after actually talking to mixed race people about their identity,’” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doe’s lawyers said her statements were “nothing more than generic advice to others interested in attending” the rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plaintiffs cannot violate Jane Doe’s constitutional rights simply because she holds personal viewpoints of which they disapprove,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs’ attorneys served Discord with the subpoena in January. Discord had deleted data sought by the subpoena but created backup tapes that likely included that data, according to the lawyers.[contextly_sidebar id=”pWbBohkgaiuRd05J7HDFRuZgnLweA7iW”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doe’s lawyers said a 1958 decision by the U.S. Supreme Court held that a subpoena couldn’t be used to identify members of the NAACP because it would have a chilling effect on the First Amendment. They argue that the anonymous Discord users “may not have all the formalities of the NAACP” but are “no less an organization of like-minded individuals sharing their political beliefs and advocating for social change, no matter how noxious Plaintiffs may find this advocacy to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doe is represented by Marc Randazza, a Las Vegas-based attorney who specializes in First Amendment cases. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A social media platform can be compelled to divulge account information belonging to a woman who anonymously chatted online about plans for last summer’s deadly white nationalist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, a federal magistrate judge ruled Monday.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Magistrate Judge Joseph Spero’s 28-page order says the woman’s First Amendment rights to anonymous speech don’t outweigh the importance of disclosing her identity to plaintiffs’ attorneys suing over the rally’s violence. Leaked Discord messages indicate the woman, identified only as “Jane Doe” in court papers, likely was involved in planning the event last August, the magistrate said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco-based Discord, an app that allows for text and voice chats, is popular with video game players. But the service also has been a communication tool for far-right extremists, including organizers of the Charlottesville rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman’s attorneys had asked the San Francisco-based magistrate to quash a subpoena for Discord to turn over her account information and content of her communications to the lawyers, who filed a federal suit in Virginia against organizers of the “Unite the Right” rally last August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of people traveled to Charlottesville to participate in the rally and protest the city’s plans to remove a statue of Robert E. Lee from a park that was named after the Confederate general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunday is the anniversary of the deadly rally in Charlottesville, where white supremacists and counter-protesters clashed in the streets before a car plowed into a crowd, killing 32-year-old counter-protester Heather Heyer.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spero said federal law prohibits Discord from releasing the content of a message without the sender or receiver’s consent. But he ruled the plaintiffs’ interest in her account information outweighs any impact on her First Amendment rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The magistrate noted that the woman’s personally identifying information can remain confidential, or “highly confidential” and therefore kept from plaintiffs’ lawyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman had asked the court to quash a subpoena for Discord to turn over subscriber information and communications belonging to at least 32 accounts. But the magistrate said the woman does not have legal standing to challenge the subpoena on behalf of other users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers argued the subpoena is a “fishing expedition” designed to expose the identities and destroy the lives of people with “unpopular political views.”\u003c/p>\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>“Doe has a constitutional right to associate with people who think as she does and to engage in controversial political speech anonymously, and the Plaintiffs have no right to acquire her correspondence or information,” her attorneys wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the plaintiffs’ attorneys say the Discord chat logs are “evidence at the heart of the case” against the Charlottesville rally’s organizers, who posted instructions for participants, including what weapons to bring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jane Doe is a self-described “political dissident” who used the handle “kristall.night” on Discord. Her alias appears to refer to the Nazis’ deadly, anti-Jewish Kristallnacht pogroms in Germany before World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaked excerpts of the Charlottesville chat logs show Jane Doe was involved in planning that weekend’s events and shared the rally organizers’ “goals of violence and intimidation and their motivation of racial animus,” plaintiffs’ lawyers claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She declared, ‘Without complicit whites, Jews wouldn’t be a problem,’ and ‘I hate miscegenation so much more after actually talking to mixed race people about their identity,’” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doe’s lawyers said her statements were “nothing more than generic advice to others interested in attending” the rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Plaintiffs cannot violate Jane Doe’s constitutional rights simply because she holds personal viewpoints of which they disapprove,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs’ attorneys served Discord with the subpoena in January. Discord had deleted data sought by the subpoena but created backup tapes that likely included that data, according to the lawyers.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doe’s lawyers said a 1958 decision by the U.S. Supreme Court held that a subpoena couldn’t be used to identify members of the NAACP because it would have a chilling effect on the First Amendment. They argue that the anonymous Discord users “may not have all the formalities of the NAACP” but are “no less an organization of like-minded individuals sharing their political beliefs and advocating for social change, no matter how noxious Plaintiffs may find this advocacy to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doe is represented by Marc Randazza, a Las Vegas-based attorney who specializes in First Amendment cases. Randazza’s clients also include neo-Nazi website publisher Andrew Anglin and Infowars radio host and conspiracy theorist Alex Jones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randazza said he was weighing his client’s options after the decision. The plaintiffs’ lawyer Karen Dunn said in a statement that the ruling “gets us one step closer to securing valuable evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget trc_elastic trc_elastic_trc_3840 \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_rbox_container\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_wrapper_3840\" class=\"trc_rbox organic-thumbnails-a trc-content-organic \">\n\u003cdiv id=\"trc_header_3840\" class=\"trc_rbox_header trc_rbox_border_elm\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc_header_ext\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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