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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RfXULE7UtpA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a sunny summer morning in the city of Hiroshima, Japan. Cicadas chirp in the trees. A lone plane flies high overhead. Then a flash of light, followed by a loud blast. Buildings are flattened and smoke rises from crackling fires under a darkened sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over two years, a group of Japanese high school students has been painstakingly producing a five-minute virtual reality experience that recreates the sights and sounds of Hiroshima before, during and after the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the city 73 years ago Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-0\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003cp>By transporting users back in time to the moment when a city was turned into a wasteland, the students and their teacher hope to ensure that something similar never happens again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Aug. 6, 1945, bombing of Hiroshima killed 140,000 people. Three days later, a second U.S. atomic bomb killed 70,000 people in Nagasaki. Japan surrendered six days after that, ending World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even without language, once you see the images, you understand,” said Mei Okada, one of the students working on the project at a technical high school in Fukuyama, a city about 100 kilometers (60 miles) east of Hiroshima. “That is definitely one of the merits of this VR experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing virtual reality headsets, users can take a walk along the Motoyasu River prior to the blast and see the businesses and buildings that once stood. They can enter the post office and the Shima Hospital courtyard, where the skeletal remains of a building now known as the Atomic Bomb Dome stand on the river’s banks, a testament to what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students, who belong to the computation skill research club at Fukuyama Technical High School, were born more than half a century after the bombing. Yuhi Nakagawa, 18, said he initially didn’t have much interest in what happened when the bombs were dropped; if anything, it was a topic he had avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was creating the buildings before the atomic bomb fell and after, I saw many photos of buildings that were gone. I really felt how scary atomic bombs can be,” he said. “So while creating this scenery, I felt it was really important to share this with others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To recreate Hiroshima, the students studied old photographs and postcards and interviewed survivors of the bombing to hear their experiences and get their feedback on the VR footage. They used computer graphics software to add further details such as lighting and the natural wear and tear on building surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>“Those who knew the city very well tell us it’s done very well. They say it’s very nostalgic,” said Katsushi Hasegawa, a computer teacher who supervises the club. “Sometimes they start to reminisce about their memories from that time, and it really makes me glad that we created this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students are working through summer vacation in a classroom without air conditioning, as temperatures reach 95 degrees Fahrenheit. With the survivors aging, Hasegawa said, it’s a race against time.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboolaContainer\" class=\"taboolaContainer\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-text-links\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails-2nd\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"taboola-below-article-thumbnails\" class=\" trc_related_container trc_spotlight_widget tbl-feed-container tbl-feed-full-width\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"tbl-feed-header\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"trc-widget-footer\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"logoDiv link-adc \">\u003ca class=\"trc_desktop_adc_link trc_attribution_position_bottom\" href=\"https://popup.taboola.com/en/?template=colorbox&utm_source=associatedpress-apnews&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=thumbnails-feed-b-stream:Below%20Article%20Thumbnails%20%7C%20Card%202:\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"trc_adc_wrapper\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"trc_logos_v_align\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 12:36 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As firefighters work to contain a deadly wildfire in Northern California, another fire is rapidly expanding, threatening new communities and prompting fresh evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mendocino Complex Fire is now the second-largest fire in state history. Tricia Austin, public information officer for the Mendocino Complex, tells NPR the previous second-largest fire was the Cedar Fire in 2003, which burned 273,246 acres. The Mendocino Complex is now at 273,664 acres and continuing to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest fire in state history, last year’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/12/577647656/thomas-fire-californias-largest-on-record-is-now-100-percent-contained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Thomas Fire\u003c/a> in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, charred 281,893 acres before it was contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, other wildfires in California, Oregon, Washington and Idaho continue to burn vast swathes of land, firefighters have been stretched thin battling the numerous blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headline-grabbing Carr Fire, located in Northern California near the city of Redding, is now 45 percent contained, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. The immediate threat to people’s homes has been greatly reduced, Sonja Hutson of member station KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/635907928/communities-in-california-continue-to-be-ravaged-by-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928752\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928752\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-160x107.jpg 160w, 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https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighter walks along a containment line while battling a wildfire in Redding, Calif., on July 28. \u003ccite>(Marcio Jose Sanchez/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/05/635789040/california-fires-spread-rapidly-killing-seventh-victim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">At least seven people have been killed\u003c/a> in that fire, which has burned more than 160,000 acres of land over the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last week, state fire officials \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/communications_StatewideFireSummary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a> that the Carr Fire had become the sixth most destructive fire in California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1928737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1009260288_custom-54911234d7c6b8fd24d128838e3a0d25d15e0e47-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, attention has shifted to the Mendocino Complex Fire, which now poses a threat to more than 9,000 structures northwest of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928751\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1920x1079.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighter gathers water from a pool while battling the Ranch Fire near Clearlake Oaks, Calif., on Saturday. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s called a “complex” because it consists of two fires being fought simultaneously, KQED’s Hutson explains — the River and the Ranch fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fires … are burning really close together in Mendocino and Lake counties, which are about 20 miles north of the Napa wine country,” she tells NPR’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>. “As a whole, they’re 33 percent contained. There’s over 9,000 structures threatened and 130 destroyed, so they are very destructive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177650_custom-39c82f7bdf8f38c68eaf0b4e84075b56e9d3b0b5-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Debbie Prior leads a horse to safety as the Ranch Fire tears down New Long Valley Road near Clearlake Oaks, Calif., on Saturday. The Ranch Fire is part of the Mendocino Complex.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The communities in the region are largely rural and low-income, which makes the fires even more devastating, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really a lack of affordable housing in the area, so low-income people whose houses get burned down will usually go to where ever they have friends and family they can stay with in the immediate aftermath of the fire,” Hutson says. “And if that’s not in the area, they can miss out on a lot of help from nonprofits and the government in getting them back into housing in the area where they have lived for years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928742\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Schenck carries a water bucket while fighting to save his home near Clearlake Oaks, Calif. on Saturday, as the Ranch Fire approached. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farther south, the Ferguson Fire — burning for three weeks now — has forced the indefinite closure of the most popular part of Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, fires are also burning in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/4a65fcb6c8f5429d91a158692d1db9f6/Crews-battle-fires-in-Washington-state,-Idaho\">Idaho\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kxly.com/news/crews-still-trying-to-contain-angel-springs-fire-near-davenport/777809048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/oregon-wildfire-near-dufur-nearly-triples-in-size-overnight-2018-08-02/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oregon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numerous simultaneous blazes have strained the nation’s firefighting resources. Thousands of firefighters are actively working on the ground, and crews from Australia and New Zealand have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/fires/article215880020.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flown in to assist\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928748\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1920x1079.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A deer stands on a road covered with fire retardant near Redding, Calif., as the Carr Fire burned in the area on July 28. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PHOTOS%3A+As+One+California+Wildfire+Ebbs%2C+Another+Explodes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Carr Fire, which killed seven people, has been partially contained and the threat to residents reduced. But the Mendocino Complex Fire is now the second-largest wildfire in state history.",
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"description": "The Carr Fire, which killed seven people, has been partially contained and the threat to residents reduced. But the Mendocino Complex Fire is now the second-largest wildfire in state history.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 12:36 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As firefighters work to contain a deadly wildfire in Northern California, another fire is rapidly expanding, threatening new communities and prompting fresh evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mendocino Complex Fire is now the second-largest fire in state history. Tricia Austin, public information officer for the Mendocino Complex, tells NPR the previous second-largest fire was the Cedar Fire in 2003, which burned 273,246 acres. The Mendocino Complex is now at 273,664 acres and continuing to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest fire in state history, last year’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/12/577647656/thomas-fire-californias-largest-on-record-is-now-100-percent-contained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Thomas Fire\u003c/a> in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, charred 281,893 acres before it was contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, other wildfires in California, Oregon, Washington and Idaho continue to burn vast swathes of land, firefighters have been stretched thin battling the numerous blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headline-grabbing Carr Fire, located in Northern California near the city of Redding, is now 45 percent contained, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. The immediate threat to people’s homes has been greatly reduced, Sonja Hutson of member station KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/635907928/communities-in-california-continue-to-be-ravaged-by-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928752\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928752\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighter walks along a containment line while battling a wildfire in Redding, Calif., on July 28. \u003ccite>(Marcio Jose Sanchez/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/05/635789040/california-fires-spread-rapidly-killing-seventh-victim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">At least seven people have been killed\u003c/a> in that fire, which has burned more than 160,000 acres of land over the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last week, state fire officials \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/communications_StatewideFireSummary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a> that the Carr Fire had become the sixth most destructive fire in California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1928737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1009260288_custom-54911234d7c6b8fd24d128838e3a0d25d15e0e47-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, attention has shifted to the Mendocino Complex Fire, which now poses a threat to more than 9,000 structures northwest of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928751\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1920x1079.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighter gathers water from a pool while battling the Ranch Fire near Clearlake Oaks, Calif., on Saturday. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s called a “complex” because it consists of two fires being fought simultaneously, KQED’s Hutson explains — the River and the Ranch fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fires … are burning really close together in Mendocino and Lake counties, which are about 20 miles north of the Napa wine country,” she tells NPR’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>. “As a whole, they’re 33 percent contained. There’s over 9,000 structures threatened and 130 destroyed, so they are very destructive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177650_custom-39c82f7bdf8f38c68eaf0b4e84075b56e9d3b0b5-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Debbie Prior leads a horse to safety as the Ranch Fire tears down New Long Valley Road near Clearlake Oaks, Calif., on Saturday. The Ranch Fire is part of the Mendocino Complex.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The communities in the region are largely rural and low-income, which makes the fires even more devastating, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really a lack of affordable housing in the area, so low-income people whose houses get burned down will usually go to where ever they have friends and family they can stay with in the immediate aftermath of the fire,” Hutson says. “And if that’s not in the area, they can miss out on a lot of help from nonprofits and the government in getting them back into housing in the area where they have lived for years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928742\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Schenck carries a water bucket while fighting to save his home near Clearlake Oaks, Calif. on Saturday, as the Ranch Fire approached. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farther south, the Ferguson Fire — burning for three weeks now — has forced the indefinite closure of the most popular part of Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, fires are also burning in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/4a65fcb6c8f5429d91a158692d1db9f6/Crews-battle-fires-in-Washington-state,-Idaho\">Idaho\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kxly.com/news/crews-still-trying-to-contain-angel-springs-fire-near-davenport/777809048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/oregon-wildfire-near-dufur-nearly-triples-in-size-overnight-2018-08-02/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oregon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numerous simultaneous blazes have strained the nation’s firefighting resources. Thousands of firefighters are actively working on the ground, and crews from Australia and New Zealand have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/fires/article215880020.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flown in to assist\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928748\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1920x1079.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A deer stands on a road covered with fire retardant near Redding, Calif., as the Carr Fire burned in the area on July 28. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PHOTOS%3A+As+One+California+Wildfire+Ebbs%2C+Another+Explodes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Groundwater Law Means Big Changes Above Ground, Too",
"headTitle": "California Groundwater Law Means Big Changes Above Ground, Too | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Groundwater-Management/SGMA-Groundwater-Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> (SGMA), adopted in 2014, will change more than groundwater. The requirement to end overdraft will also transform land use, a massive side effect yet to be widely recognized.[contextly_sidebar id=”QOi46UTw5U1BAOGXmVwGXKGO4eIf3nYb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of California will literally look different once the law takes full effect. It could put some farmers out of business. It could change how others farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some areas, farms will have to be fallowed to reduce groundwater demand. That idled farmland will have lots of important new uses. Some could become wildlife habitat or groundwater recharge basins. Others could be useful for solar energy development and other semi-industrial uses. Undoubtedly, some will become housing subdivisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City and county government leaders are starting to realize there’s a lot at stake. The landscape itself will change as groundwater extraction changes. Without careful planning, property tax revenues that fund a wide variety of essential government services could be compromised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe it is a groundwater law. I believe it’s a land use law,” said Lorelei Oviatt, director of planning and natural resources in Kern County, the southernmost county in California’s fertile San Joaquin Valley. “In my mind, SGMA has actually opened up doors for new technology – new ways of looking at how we use our land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/business/agriculture/article174175846.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most productive\u003c/a> farming county in the state last year in the nation’s most productive farming region. The total value of its agricultural production was $7.2 billion in 2017. Lots of that success was built on groundwater overdraft – which must soon end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kern County isn’t alone. Many other California counties are in the same situation. All but three of the 14 groundwater basins in the San Joaquin Valley are ranked as critically overdrafted. Ten others, mostly along the Central Coast, are also critically overdrafted. Several dozen more throughout the state are ranked as high or medium priority, which also face deadlines to bring their aquifers into balance, meaning extraction and replenishment are equalized.[contextly_sidebar id=”h4pBKE0Rb4uVuMszqwXymlJQ2CvTD7WJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other aquifers in the state are already in balance, and now their managers must figure out how to keep them that way – which means land use will become an issue for all aquifers in the state, said Ellen Hanak, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Policy Center\u003c/a> at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody everywhere who is implementing SGMA is going to be thinking about how to protect areas that are good for recharge,” said Hanak. “People didn’t think about that in the past, and now they’re going to have to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, groundwater managers, for the first time, will be paying attention to where new housing is built, and there may be more resistance to sprawl-type suburban development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best groundwater recharge areas have certain soil types that are good at absorbing water. These areas have already been mapped by, among others, the \u003ca href=\"https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/sagbi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">California \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/sagbi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Soil Resource Lab\u003c/a> at the University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180806000546/BeeFloodedFieldKasler1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stormwater floods the 5-acre almond orchard of farmer Nick Blom in an experiment in 2016 to restore the drought-depleted aquifer in Modesto, Calif. (Paul Kitagaki, The Sacramento Bee)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Protecting recharge zones from urbanization will become a new focus of growth management, but it can’t be the only focus. In areas like the San Joaquin Valley, there is not a lot of surface water available for recharge because most of it is diverted from Northern California and already in high demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves storm runoff as the main recharge option, and many areas of the San Joaquin Valley are well suited to that: The valley was a giant floodplain, after all, before it was developed for farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But storm runoff is not available in all years. In addition, as the PPIC notes in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/publication/replenishing-groundwater-in-the-san-joaquin-valley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent report\u003c/a>, most available storm runoff occurs in the north part of the San Joaquin Valley, while the best recharge lands are in the south. Hence, new infrastructure will be needed to channel flood flows to basins where it can be recharged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At best, you can probably meet up to a quarter of the deficit with additional recharge,” Hanak said. “That means you’ve still got a big gap to fill. So there’s a growing recognition that this is going to mean some land coming out of production in the valley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She estimates 10–12 percent of farmland in the San Joaquin Valley will have to be fallowed as a conservation measure to reduce demand on groundwater. That doesn’t sound like a lot. But it amounts to about 600,000 acres – roughly equal to seven cities the size of Fresno.[contextly_sidebar id=”HwgmZfMBhjUHq1pYaaNOEQxCVtqOSm7g”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How all that land gets reused is a huge issue for the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of good farmland is also suitable for groundwater recharge, and the two are not incompatible. University of California research found that 3.6 million acres of crops in the state may be \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=18393\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suitable for recharge\u003c/a>. At the right time and in the right quantities, shallow flooding works on crops as diverse as alfalfa, wine grapes and almonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kara Heckert, state director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmland.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">American Farmland Trust\u003c/a>, said it is important to make sure the most productive farmland is spared from fallowing. The nonprofit recently published a report that found 323,000 acres of farmland in the San Joaquin Valley could be lost to development by 2050 as suburban sprawl creeps out from cities like Lodi, Manteca, Hanford and Bakersfield. About half of that acreage is considered high-value farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message is that cities, counties, farmers and groundwater sustainability agencies (GSAs) need to work together in new ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Land quality across the San Joaquin Valley should be a consideration used by [GSAs] when they are determining groundwater allocations within their districts,” said Heckert. “Ensuring the best agricultural land continues to receive adequate groundwater supply will help maintain California’s agricultural production and natural heritage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanak said governments could offer a variety of incentives to derive the most benefit from farmland retirement. Grants and tax breaks, for instance, could encourage fallowing in certain areas to create new wildlife refuge areas or to expand existing refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less productive farmland near utility corridors could be rezoned for alternative energy development. This would encourage crop fallowing to cut groundwater use while also boosting property taxes collected on these lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If farmland is simply fallowed and left bare, Oviatt said, local property taxes will suffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180806000510/900_08_us_ca_81_2031.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new water well being drilled in an almond orchard in Tulare County, Calif., in 2014. (Citizens of the Planet/Education Images/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It can’t just all become open space,” she said. “Open space doesn’t pay enough property taxes to keep our sheriff and our parks and libraries alive. As a land use planner, I believe it’s my responsibility to make sure this works for everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oviatt noted that local governments face a conflict in planning their growth. State laws encourage them to both conserve water and build more homes to address the housing affordability crisis in California. Those goals are in conflict, especially in a region like the San Joaquin Valley, where many local communities rely on groundwater, and SGMA will make that groundwater harder to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not having a big enough dialogue about how the new water rules fit in with this whole idea of building more houses,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One strategy, she said, would be to require all new homes to include on-site gray-water recycling. Another is a water trading scheme for residential development. Kern County already does this in the Tehachapi area, a mountainous community east of Bakersfield that relies on sparse groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A developer who wants to build a 50-home subdivision in Tehachapi can buy the water he needs from other unbuilt lots in the region, if he can find willing sellers. The process concentrates both the water use and the housing development. Something similar could work throughout the San Joaquin Valley to control where development occurs and where groundwater gets pumped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more tools in this new water world we’re in,” Oviatt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGMA has been criticized for its distant deadlines, because hundreds of new wells are being drilled in the meantime, putting additional strain on groundwater. But it may turn out to be a good thing that this law creeps along like a wagon train. It will take years to manage all the land use changes that will accompany changes in groundwater use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anybody is under the illusion that it’s all going to work perfectly,” said Hanak. “The good thing about this is, it’s not an overnight thing that’s going to happen. It’s something that people will have some time to plan for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/08/06/california-groundwater-law-means-big-changes-above-ground-too\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The state’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act is likely to result in fallowing thousands of acres of farmland. Local governments are just waking up to the big opportunities, and risks, in how that land gets reused.",
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"description": "The state’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act is likely to result in fallowing thousands of acres of farmland. Local governments are just waking up to the big opportunities, and risks, in how that land gets reused.",
"title": "California Groundwater Law Means Big Changes Above Ground, Too | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Groundwater-Management/SGMA-Groundwater-Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> (SGMA), adopted in 2014, will change more than groundwater. The requirement to end overdraft will also transform land use, a massive side effect yet to be widely recognized.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of California will literally look different once the law takes full effect. It could put some farmers out of business. It could change how others farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some areas, farms will have to be fallowed to reduce groundwater demand. That idled farmland will have lots of important new uses. Some could become wildlife habitat or groundwater recharge basins. Others could be useful for solar energy development and other semi-industrial uses. Undoubtedly, some will become housing subdivisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City and county government leaders are starting to realize there’s a lot at stake. The landscape itself will change as groundwater extraction changes. Without careful planning, property tax revenues that fund a wide variety of essential government services could be compromised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe it is a groundwater law. I believe it’s a land use law,” said Lorelei Oviatt, director of planning and natural resources in Kern County, the southernmost county in California’s fertile San Joaquin Valley. “In my mind, SGMA has actually opened up doors for new technology – new ways of looking at how we use our land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/business/agriculture/article174175846.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most productive\u003c/a> farming county in the state last year in the nation’s most productive farming region. The total value of its agricultural production was $7.2 billion in 2017. Lots of that success was built on groundwater overdraft – which must soon end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kern County isn’t alone. Many other California counties are in the same situation. All but three of the 14 groundwater basins in the San Joaquin Valley are ranked as critically overdrafted. Ten others, mostly along the Central Coast, are also critically overdrafted. Several dozen more throughout the state are ranked as high or medium priority, which also face deadlines to bring their aquifers into balance, meaning extraction and replenishment are equalized.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other aquifers in the state are already in balance, and now their managers must figure out how to keep them that way – which means land use will become an issue for all aquifers in the state, said Ellen Hanak, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Policy Center\u003c/a> at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody everywhere who is implementing SGMA is going to be thinking about how to protect areas that are good for recharge,” said Hanak. “People didn’t think about that in the past, and now they’re going to have to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, groundwater managers, for the first time, will be paying attention to where new housing is built, and there may be more resistance to sprawl-type suburban development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best groundwater recharge areas have certain soil types that are good at absorbing water. These areas have already been mapped by, among others, the \u003ca href=\"https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/sagbi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">California \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/sagbi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Soil Resource Lab\u003c/a> at the University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180806000546/BeeFloodedFieldKasler1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stormwater floods the 5-acre almond orchard of farmer Nick Blom in an experiment in 2016 to restore the drought-depleted aquifer in Modesto, Calif. (Paul Kitagaki, The Sacramento Bee)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Protecting recharge zones from urbanization will become a new focus of growth management, but it can’t be the only focus. In areas like the San Joaquin Valley, there is not a lot of surface water available for recharge because most of it is diverted from Northern California and already in high demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves storm runoff as the main recharge option, and many areas of the San Joaquin Valley are well suited to that: The valley was a giant floodplain, after all, before it was developed for farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But storm runoff is not available in all years. In addition, as the PPIC notes in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/publication/replenishing-groundwater-in-the-san-joaquin-valley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent report\u003c/a>, most available storm runoff occurs in the north part of the San Joaquin Valley, while the best recharge lands are in the south. Hence, new infrastructure will be needed to channel flood flows to basins where it can be recharged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At best, you can probably meet up to a quarter of the deficit with additional recharge,” Hanak said. “That means you’ve still got a big gap to fill. So there’s a growing recognition that this is going to mean some land coming out of production in the valley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She estimates 10–12 percent of farmland in the San Joaquin Valley will have to be fallowed as a conservation measure to reduce demand on groundwater. That doesn’t sound like a lot. But it amounts to about 600,000 acres – roughly equal to seven cities the size of Fresno.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How all that land gets reused is a huge issue for the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of good farmland is also suitable for groundwater recharge, and the two are not incompatible. University of California research found that 3.6 million acres of crops in the state may be \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=18393\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suitable for recharge\u003c/a>. At the right time and in the right quantities, shallow flooding works on crops as diverse as alfalfa, wine grapes and almonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kara Heckert, state director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmland.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">American Farmland Trust\u003c/a>, said it is important to make sure the most productive farmland is spared from fallowing. The nonprofit recently published a report that found 323,000 acres of farmland in the San Joaquin Valley could be lost to development by 2050 as suburban sprawl creeps out from cities like Lodi, Manteca, Hanford and Bakersfield. About half of that acreage is considered high-value farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message is that cities, counties, farmers and groundwater sustainability agencies (GSAs) need to work together in new ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Land quality across the San Joaquin Valley should be a consideration used by [GSAs] when they are determining groundwater allocations within their districts,” said Heckert. “Ensuring the best agricultural land continues to receive adequate groundwater supply will help maintain California’s agricultural production and natural heritage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanak said governments could offer a variety of incentives to derive the most benefit from farmland retirement. Grants and tax breaks, for instance, could encourage fallowing in certain areas to create new wildlife refuge areas or to expand existing refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less productive farmland near utility corridors could be rezoned for alternative energy development. This would encourage crop fallowing to cut groundwater use while also boosting property taxes collected on these lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If farmland is simply fallowed and left bare, Oviatt said, local property taxes will suffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180806000510/900_08_us_ca_81_2031.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new water well being drilled in an almond orchard in Tulare County, Calif., in 2014. (Citizens of the Planet/Education Images/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It can’t just all become open space,” she said. “Open space doesn’t pay enough property taxes to keep our sheriff and our parks and libraries alive. As a land use planner, I believe it’s my responsibility to make sure this works for everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oviatt noted that local governments face a conflict in planning their growth. State laws encourage them to both conserve water and build more homes to address the housing affordability crisis in California. Those goals are in conflict, especially in a region like the San Joaquin Valley, where many local communities rely on groundwater, and SGMA will make that groundwater harder to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not having a big enough dialogue about how the new water rules fit in with this whole idea of building more houses,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One strategy, she said, would be to require all new homes to include on-site gray-water recycling. Another is a water trading scheme for residential development. Kern County already does this in the Tehachapi area, a mountainous community east of Bakersfield that relies on sparse groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A developer who wants to build a 50-home subdivision in Tehachapi can buy the water he needs from other unbuilt lots in the region, if he can find willing sellers. The process concentrates both the water use and the housing development. Something similar could work throughout the San Joaquin Valley to control where development occurs and where groundwater gets pumped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more tools in this new water world we’re in,” Oviatt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGMA has been criticized for its distant deadlines, because hundreds of new wells are being drilled in the meantime, putting additional strain on groundwater. But it may turn out to be a good thing that this law creeps along like a wagon train. It will take years to manage all the land use changes that will accompany changes in groundwater use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anybody is under the illusion that it’s all going to work perfectly,” said Hanak. “The good thing about this is, it’s not an overnight thing that’s going to happen. It’s something that people will have some time to plan for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/08/06/california-groundwater-law-means-big-changes-above-ground-too\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Weekend Air Advisory Issued for Bay Area Due to Smoky Skies",
"headTitle": "Weekend Air Advisory Issued for Bay Area Due to Smoky Skies | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Officials have issued an air advisory for this weekend, as smoke from multiple wildfires billows over the Bay Area, making it difficult for residents to breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents who smell smoke are urged to remain indoors and keep windows and doors shut until the smoke lifts. [contextly_sidebar id=”kg0JwqclhdRxS64NBlLjgOHQqywsnPQh”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities issued the Air Quality Advisory due to expected northerly winds that will likely spread smoke from several active fires throughout the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2018/smoke_180802_2018_053-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">advisory,\u003c/a> the second highest alert for air quality, is normally posted when unhealthy air conditions make it difficult to breathe and pose a particular health risk to those with weakened immune systems, such as the elderly, youth, and those with respiratory issues, according to the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_state&stateid=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air-quality website, \u003c/a>the air over large swathes of Northern California is rated as “unhealthy” to “hazardous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect yourself and loved ones, keep indoor air clean by running the air conditioner on recycle. Remember to keep the fresh air intake closed to prevent smoke from getting inside.[contextly_sidebar id=”BsAF8qM22ki06dB9ISomMnSwZKJWCjoz”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t have an air conditioner, staying indoors is not recommended in extremely hot weather. Instead, try to find an inside, air-conditioned place, such as a library, museum or movie theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep yourself updated on the air quality in your neighborhood by checking the state’s air quality readings \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality/air-monitoring-data?&ParameterId=316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. Updates are provided in real time.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Officials have issued an air advisory for this weekend, as smoke from multiple wildfires billows over the Bay Area, making it difficult for residents to breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents who smell smoke are urged to remain indoors and keep windows and doors shut until the smoke lifts. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities issued the Air Quality Advisory due to expected northerly winds that will likely spread smoke from several active fires throughout the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/communications-and-outreach/publications/news-releases/2018/smoke_180802_2018_053-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">advisory,\u003c/a> the second highest alert for air quality, is normally posted when unhealthy air conditions make it difficult to breathe and pose a particular health risk to those with weakened immune systems, such as the elderly, youth, and those with respiratory issues, according to the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=airnow.local_state&stateid=5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air-quality website, \u003c/a>the air over large swathes of Northern California is rated as “unhealthy” to “hazardous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect yourself and loved ones, keep indoor air clean by running the air conditioner on recycle. Remember to keep the fresh air intake closed to prevent smoke from getting inside.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t have an air conditioner, staying indoors is not recommended in extremely hot weather. Instead, try to find an inside, air-conditioned place, such as a library, museum or movie theater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep yourself updated on the air quality in your neighborhood by checking the state’s air quality readings \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/about-air-quality/current-air-quality/air-monitoring-data?&ParameterId=316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. Updates are provided in real time.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>From a proposal to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924801/california-moves-closer-to-banning-federal-offshore-drilling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reopen offshore drilling\u003c/a> to today’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927865/trump-epa-ready-to-throw-down-gauntlet-on-calif-auto-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announcement\u003c/a> on lowering fuel efficiency requirements, the Trump administration is taking no prisoners in its scorched-earth policy against the kind of environmental regulations Californians have long prized and other states have replicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the current federal government attempts to yank the state’s progressive environmental policies up by their very roots, those with a stake in their success have ratcheted up their public statements of disgust to near-Trumpian levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Gov. Jerry Brown, for instance, who had this to say in a statement today:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“For Trump to now destroy a law first enacted at the request of Ronald Reagan five decades ago is a betrayal and an assault on the health of Americans everywhere. Under his reckless scheme, motorists will pay more at the pump, get worse gas mileage and breathe dirtier air. California will fight this stupidity in every conceivable way possible.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But that was nothing compared to what Brown’s predecessor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, threw Trump’s way. Here’s part of his official statement, issued under the banner of the USC Schwarzenegger Institute:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I am sick and tired of these fake conservatives who believe in states’ rights to make their own policies – as long as state policy is to pollute more. If you want to clean up your air, they throw federalism right out the window. I’ve had it with so-called pro-business conservatives who ignore what actual industry leaders say is best for business. The car companies’ own lobbyist said they hoped the administration would “find a solution that continues to increase fuel efficiency standards.” Let’s be clear: this is a stupid policy and no one asked for this. Businesses prefer certainty – not policies that change with the whims of each new White House.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3jR-NcWzD0\">feuding\u003c/a> with Trump over a host of issues for some time now. The former governor of California and star of such movies as “Terminator,” “Terminator 2,” and “Terminator 3” (as well as “Kindergarten Cop”) has a serious environmental legacy at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Schwarzenegger who signed AB 32, the state’s landmark — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927229/california-meets-key-climate-change-goal-early\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effective\u003c/a> — law that has reduced the greenhouse gas emissions that drive climate change. It was only last month that the California Air Resources Board released data showing that 2016 emissions had fallen below those produced in the state in 1990, a milestone reached four years ahead of schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should today’s EPA plan to revoke the exemption allowing California to go above and beyond federal requirements for auto emissions actually become law (there’s already a lawsuit, naturally), that could all but sink the state’s effort to slash emissions another 40 percent by 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which all goes to say, when it comes to the Governator lambasting the policies of the president, you can count on one thing :\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’ll \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YEG9DgRHhA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">be back\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From a proposal to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924801/california-moves-closer-to-banning-federal-offshore-drilling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reopen offshore drilling\u003c/a> to today’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927865/trump-epa-ready-to-throw-down-gauntlet-on-calif-auto-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announcement\u003c/a> on lowering fuel efficiency requirements, the Trump administration is taking no prisoners in its scorched-earth policy against the kind of environmental regulations Californians have long prized and other states have replicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as the current federal government attempts to yank the state’s progressive environmental policies up by their very roots, those with a stake in their success have ratcheted up their public statements of disgust to near-Trumpian levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Gov. Jerry Brown, for instance, who had this to say in a statement today:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“For Trump to now destroy a law first enacted at the request of Ronald Reagan five decades ago is a betrayal and an assault on the health of Americans everywhere. Under his reckless scheme, motorists will pay more at the pump, get worse gas mileage and breathe dirtier air. California will fight this stupidity in every conceivable way possible.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But that was nothing compared to what Brown’s predecessor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, threw Trump’s way. Here’s part of his official statement, issued under the banner of the USC Schwarzenegger Institute:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I am sick and tired of these fake conservatives who believe in states’ rights to make their own policies – as long as state policy is to pollute more. If you want to clean up your air, they throw federalism right out the window. I’ve had it with so-called pro-business conservatives who ignore what actual industry leaders say is best for business. The car companies’ own lobbyist said they hoped the administration would “find a solution that continues to increase fuel efficiency standards.” Let’s be clear: this is a stupid policy and no one asked for this. Businesses prefer certainty – not policies that change with the whims of each new White House.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Schwarzenegger has been \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3jR-NcWzD0\">feuding\u003c/a> with Trump over a host of issues for some time now. The former governor of California and star of such movies as “Terminator,” “Terminator 2,” and “Terminator 3” (as well as “Kindergarten Cop”) has a serious environmental legacy at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Schwarzenegger who signed AB 32, the state’s landmark — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927229/california-meets-key-climate-change-goal-early\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effective\u003c/a> — law that has reduced the greenhouse gas emissions that drive climate change. It was only last month that the California Air Resources Board released data showing that 2016 emissions had fallen below those produced in the state in 1990, a milestone reached four years ahead of schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should today’s EPA plan to revoke the exemption allowing California to go above and beyond federal requirements for auto emissions actually become law (there’s already a lawsuit, naturally), that could all but sink the state’s effort to slash emissions another 40 percent by 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which all goes to say, when it comes to the Governator lambasting the policies of the president, you can count on one thing :\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’ll \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YEG9DgRHhA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">be back\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even the dirt on the ground is making climate change worse, a new study finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plants capture massive amounts of carbon, pumping it into the soil where usually it stays for hundreds or thousands of years.[contextly_sidebar id=”v3ttozJyWQs5K9BIGVidVliV7j6bQ44K”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Observations from across the globe show that as temperatures have warmed, bacteria and fungi in the soil are becoming more active. These turbo-charged microbes are feeding on dead leaves and plants, releasing more heat-trapping carbon dioxide into the air, according to a study in Wednesday’s journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/\">Nature\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists call it a vicious cycle of warming. Burning of coal, oil and natural gas heats the air and soil, which worsens warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This uncontrolled cycle speeds up and amplifies climate change, said Jerry Melillo of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts, who wasn’t part of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found a significant increase in the amount of carbon since the 1990s coming out of microbes when compared to other releases of carbon. They analyzed sensor readings, soil measurements, plant growth data and satellite observations in what’s the most comprehensive study yet of the climate change impacts of soil.[contextly_sidebar id=”XrkLbElgnB0X9BQRquMpqsaNDTpklZn4″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world really is showing an effect here,” said lead researcher Ben Bond-Lamberty of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. “It’s a fingerprint of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, soil releases about nine times more carbon than human-caused activities, but that’s part of a natural cycle when the amount of carbon released into the air is about equal to the carbon taken out by oceans and plants. Fossil fuel emissions knock the atmosphere out of balance by putting more in than comes out. Heated soil releases more carbon, further putting the cycle out of whack, Bond-Lamberty said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists said as the world continues to warm, the soil will release yet more carbon that it has been holding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If something isn’t done, “we are really in trouble,” said Rattan Lal of Ohio State University, who wasn’t part of the study. He added that proper soil conservation techniques — such as avoiding plowing, off-season cover crop and leaving crop residue on the ground — can help keep more of the carbon in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found a significant increase in the amount of carbon since the 1990s coming out of microbes when compared to other releases of carbon. They analyzed sensor readings, soil measurements, plant growth data and satellite observations in what’s the most comprehensive study yet of the climate change impacts of soil.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world really is showing an effect here,” said lead researcher Ben Bond-Lamberty of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. “It’s a fingerprint of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, soil releases about nine times more carbon than human-caused activities, but that’s part of a natural cycle when the amount of carbon released into the air is about equal to the carbon taken out by oceans and plants. Fossil fuel emissions knock the atmosphere out of balance by putting more in than comes out. Heated soil releases more carbon, further putting the cycle out of whack, Bond-Lamberty said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists said as the world continues to warm, the soil will release yet more carbon that it has been holding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If something isn’t done, “we are really in trouble,” said Rattan Lal of Ohio State University, who wasn’t part of the study. He added that proper soil conservation techniques — such as avoiding plowing, off-season cover crop and leaving crop residue on the ground — can help keep more of the carbon in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Wowzers! Death Valley Sets Tentative World Record for Hottest Month",
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"content": "\u003cp>The natural furnace of California’s Death Valley was on full broil in July, tentatively setting a world record for hottest month ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The month’s average temperature was 108.1 degrees, said Todd Lericos, a meteorologist in the Las Vegas office of the National Weather Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That roasted the previous record, set in Death Valley in July 2017 when the average was 107.4 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It eclipsed the record by quite a bit,” Lericos said, adding that the data is considered preliminary and needs to be reviewed before it goes into official record books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temperatures are measured at Furnace Creek in Death Valley National Park, a vast, austere and rugged landscape in the desert of southeastern California that includes Badwater Basin, which at 282 feet (85.9 meters) below sea level is the lowest point in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley got its morbid name from a group of pioneers who got lost there in 1849-1850 and thought it would be the end, according to the National Park Service. Only one died, however, before they found their way out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer heat is so routinely extreme that tourists are warned to drink at least a gallon of water each day, carry additional water in their cars, stay close to their vehicles and watch themselves and others for dizziness, nausea and other symptoms of potentially deadly heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors are urged to “travel prepared to survive,” avoid hiking at low elevations and return to their air-conditioned cars for a cool-down after just 10 to 15 minutes of exposure outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And amid the heat, thunderstorms bring the threat of flash floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The location holds the world record for highest temperature ever recorded — 134 degrees — set on July 10, 1913.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with that history, July was exceptional as a weather pattern stoked temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A very persistent high pressure system set up over the Southwest, restricting the movement of air vertically in the atmosphere and creating a heat wave, Lericos said. “It was fairly intense for this time of year,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the extreme conditions were four consecutive days reaching a high of 127 degrees and overnight lows that remained over the century mark.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The natural furnace of California’s Death Valley was on full broil in July, tentatively setting a world record for hottest month ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The month’s average temperature was 108.1 degrees, said Todd Lericos, a meteorologist in the Las Vegas office of the National Weather Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That roasted the previous record, set in Death Valley in July 2017 when the average was 107.4 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It eclipsed the record by quite a bit,” Lericos said, adding that the data is considered preliminary and needs to be reviewed before it goes into official record books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temperatures are measured at Furnace Creek in Death Valley National Park, a vast, austere and rugged landscape in the desert of southeastern California that includes Badwater Basin, which at 282 feet (85.9 meters) below sea level is the lowest point in North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The valley got its morbid name from a group of pioneers who got lost there in 1849-1850 and thought it would be the end, according to the National Park Service. Only one died, however, before they found their way out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer heat is so routinely extreme that tourists are warned to drink at least a gallon of water each day, carry additional water in their cars, stay close to their vehicles and watch themselves and others for dizziness, nausea and other symptoms of potentially deadly heat illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitors are urged to “travel prepared to survive,” avoid hiking at low elevations and return to their air-conditioned cars for a cool-down after just 10 to 15 minutes of exposure outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And amid the heat, thunderstorms bring the threat of flash floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The location holds the world record for highest temperature ever recorded — 134 degrees — set on July 10, 1913.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with that history, July was exceptional as a weather pattern stoked temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A very persistent high pressure system set up over the Southwest, restricting the movement of air vertically in the atmosphere and creating a heat wave, Lericos said. “It was fairly intense for this time of year,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the extreme conditions were four consecutive days reaching a high of 127 degrees and overnight lows that remained over the century mark.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday took the wraps off its plan to throttle back requirements for auto fuel efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/us-epa-and-dot-propose-fuel-economy-standards-my-2021-2026-vehicles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposal\u003c/a> essentially freezes automakers’ average fleet efficiency requirements, known as CAFE standards, at the 35 miles-per-gallon level planned for 2020, More stringent standards that were set to go into effect for 2021 to 2026 model years would be shelved, in what EPA calls “a much-needed time-out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the move is also seen as a challenge to the longstanding waiver California was granted under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Air Act, \u003c/a>allowing the state to set its own auto emissions standards. Twelve other states have followed California’s lead and in May, 17 states and the District of Columbia sued the EPA to halt the rollback. Thursday’s EPA action is not the “frontal assault” that some were expecting, but it does put that waiver up for review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Governor Jerry Brown called the proposal “a betrayal and an assault on the health of Americans everywhere.” The governor says it would mean consumers “pay more at the pump, get worse gas mileage and breathe dirtier air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will fight this stupidity in every conceivable way possible,” he vowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger weighed in, calling the move “stupid policy,” and eagerly picking up the gauntlet thrown down by the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope some conservatives with a conscience will act in Washington to defend California’s waiver based on these historic Republican values,” he wrote in a statement. “But if not, I’d remind them that California has won this battle before. We will win again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has already successfully sued to retain its automotive autonomy, when it was threatened under the George W. Bush administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of California is not looking to pick a fight with the Trump administration,” state attorney general Xavier Becerra told reporters in early May, “But we are ready for one — especially when the stakes are so high for the health of our families, our economy, and our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s higher standards have been a keystone in the state’s strategy to clear the air of both toxic emissions and greenhouse gases. Transportation is California’s largest single contributor to global warming, accounting for about 40 percent of \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/qRXuCERPDmINj1LTwuruo?domain=arb.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> as of 2016. After bottoming out around 2012, those emissions have begun rising again, despite the state’s efforts to get more alternative-fuel vehicles on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927890\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 635px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1927890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg\" alt=\"Graph: transportion emissions trends\" width=\"635\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg 635w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-520x367.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks have begun rising again in California. \u003ccite>(Calif. Air Resources Board)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EPA Wants to ‘Correct’ Standards\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says the move is “to correct the national automobile fuel economy and greenhouse gas emissions standards to give the American people greater access to safer, more affordable vehicles that are cleaner for the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration also asserts that under the 1975 law that first established the system, only the federal government has the authority to set fuel efficiency standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaning heavily on its safety argument, the administration has dubbed its proposal the SAFE rule, an acronym for Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles, claiming the change would save 1,000 lives per year, a contention that independent experts have questioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921972/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long-threatened\u003c/a> EPA rollback was begun under Scott Pruitt, the agency’s first administrator appointed by President Donald Trump. Pruitt, who asserted that California should not be allowed to “dictate” standards to the rest of the nation, later resigned under pressure, replaced by his deputy, Andrew Wheeler. California air regulators, who began negotiations with Pruitt and have continued them under Wheeler, say they see no apparent intent to back off of the anti-regulatory agenda of the Trump administration. But Wheeler seemed at least mildly conciliatory when talking with reporters last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly want to work with the state of California,” he said, “to make sure they’re comfortable with the direction the government wants to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA action, which is one step in a lengthy process, opens up a 60-day public comment period, leading to a final rule, possibly by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday took the wraps off its plan to throttle back requirements for auto fuel efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/us-epa-and-dot-propose-fuel-economy-standards-my-2021-2026-vehicles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposal\u003c/a> essentially freezes automakers’ average fleet efficiency requirements, known as CAFE standards, at the 35 miles-per-gallon level planned for 2020, More stringent standards that were set to go into effect for 2021 to 2026 model years would be shelved, in what EPA calls “a much-needed time-out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the move is also seen as a challenge to the longstanding waiver California was granted under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Air Act, \u003c/a>allowing the state to set its own auto emissions standards. Twelve other states have followed California’s lead and in May, 17 states and the District of Columbia sued the EPA to halt the rollback. Thursday’s EPA action is not the “frontal assault” that some were expecting, but it does put that waiver up for review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Governor Jerry Brown called the proposal “a betrayal and an assault on the health of Americans everywhere.” The governor says it would mean consumers “pay more at the pump, get worse gas mileage and breathe dirtier air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will fight this stupidity in every conceivable way possible,” he vowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger weighed in, calling the move “stupid policy,” and eagerly picking up the gauntlet thrown down by the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope some conservatives with a conscience will act in Washington to defend California’s waiver based on these historic Republican values,” he wrote in a statement. “But if not, I’d remind them that California has won this battle before. We will win again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has already successfully sued to retain its automotive autonomy, when it was threatened under the George W. Bush administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of California is not looking to pick a fight with the Trump administration,” state attorney general Xavier Becerra told reporters in early May, “But we are ready for one — especially when the stakes are so high for the health of our families, our economy, and our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s higher standards have been a keystone in the state’s strategy to clear the air of both toxic emissions and greenhouse gases. Transportation is California’s largest single contributor to global warming, accounting for about 40 percent of \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/qRXuCERPDmINj1LTwuruo?domain=arb.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> as of 2016. After bottoming out around 2012, those emissions have begun rising again, despite the state’s efforts to get more alternative-fuel vehicles on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1927890\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 635px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1927890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg\" alt=\"Graph: transportion emissions trends\" width=\"635\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans.jpg 635w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/07/CAEmissions2016_Trans-520x367.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 635px) 100vw, 635px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks have begun rising again in California. \u003ccite>(Calif. Air Resources Board)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EPA Wants to ‘Correct’ Standards\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says the move is “to correct the national automobile fuel economy and greenhouse gas emissions standards to give the American people greater access to safer, more affordable vehicles that are cleaner for the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration also asserts that under the 1975 law that first established the system, only the federal government has the authority to set fuel efficiency standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaning heavily on its safety argument, the administration has dubbed its proposal the SAFE rule, an acronym for Safer Affordable Fuel-Efficient (SAFE) Vehicles, claiming the change would save 1,000 lives per year, a contention that independent experts have questioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921972/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long-threatened\u003c/a> EPA rollback was begun under Scott Pruitt, the agency’s first administrator appointed by President Donald Trump. Pruitt, who asserted that California should not be allowed to “dictate” standards to the rest of the nation, later resigned under pressure, replaced by his deputy, Andrew Wheeler. California air regulators, who began negotiations with Pruitt and have continued them under Wheeler, say they see no apparent intent to back off of the anti-regulatory agenda of the Trump administration. But Wheeler seemed at least mildly conciliatory when talking with reporters last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly want to work with the state of California,” he said, “to make sure they’re comfortable with the direction the government wants to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA action, which is one step in a lengthy process, opens up a 60-day public comment period, leading to a final rule, possibly by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "East Bay Oil Field to Shut Down Following Local Pushback",
"headTitle": "East Bay Oil Field to Shut Down Following Local Pushback | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Alameda County’s lone oil field will close up shop after nearly five decades of production, following a county decision to deny its permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field, located just outside of Livermore, produces about 30 barrels of oil a day and is one of two remaining oil producers in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebresources.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E&B Natural Resources\u003c/a>, which purchased the oil field in 2007, had reapplied for two 10-year conditional use permits in January that were approved in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Local governments can make a huge difference in the fight against climate change.’ \u003ccite>Hollin Kretzmann, senior attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The decision was challenged by two environmental advocacy groups, the Center for Biological Diversity and Livermore Eco Watchdog, because of perceived risks to Livermore’s groundwater. Accompanying the appeal was a signed letter endorsed by more than 20 public health and environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California wants to be a leader in fighting climate change, it makes no sense for us to continue approving oil projects like this around the state,” says Hollin Kretzmann, senior attorney at the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups’ appeal was brought before the Board of Supervisors last week in a hearing that ran for more than three hours. The board ultimately ruled against approving the permits in a 4-0 vote, with Supervisor Nate Miley abstaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the final vote, 4-0, reflects widespread opposition from people from all parts of the county,” says Kretzmann. “The board prioritized the community rather than the profits of the oil company and they should be applauded for standing up to the oil industry and putting their constituents first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E&B, based in Bakersfield, uses a method known as waterflooding to extract oil from the ground. The process pumps water down one well, pushing the oil up through a different well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local governments can make a huge difference in the fight against climate change by reducing fossil fuel production and moving us toward renewable energy,” says Kretzmann. “Alameda County has shown bold decision-making and it can be a model for other cities and counties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for E&B called the decision “disappointing,” pointing to a recommendation to approve the permits from the county planning department and a green light from the local zoning board. He also implied that the fight isn’t over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“E&B Natural Resources will continue to explore a mutually agreeable resolution with the County on our conditional use permits,” spokesman Ted Cordova wrote in a statement emailed to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E&B has been cited for safety violations over the years, including a 2015 fine for failing to report a spill and disposing of the contaminated soil without testing for toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also that year, E&B agreed to an $85,000 settlement with the county for mixing sludge with non-hazardous soils. At the time, the company argued that the violation occurred before E&B took over operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two state agencies, the California Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources and the Water Resources Board, have said that the groundwater \u003ca href=\"https://patch.com/california/livermore/protest-planned-public-meeting-new-exemption-oil-producer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beneath the oil field\u003c/a> is not suitable for drinking because of its high mineral and salt content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kretzmann takes issue with that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their own documents show that the water could be treated and used for other types of use,” he says. “The water should be preserved for future use — especially given the fact that California is likely to experience more severe droughts in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Alameda County’s lone oil field will close up shop after nearly five decades of production, following a county decision to deny its permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field, located just outside of Livermore, produces about 30 barrels of oil a day and is one of two remaining oil producers in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ebresources.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">E&B Natural Resources\u003c/a>, which purchased the oil field in 2007, had reapplied for two 10-year conditional use permits in January that were approved in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Local governments can make a huge difference in the fight against climate change.’ \u003ccite>Hollin Kretzmann, senior attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The decision was challenged by two environmental advocacy groups, the Center for Biological Diversity and Livermore Eco Watchdog, because of perceived risks to Livermore’s groundwater. Accompanying the appeal was a signed letter endorsed by more than 20 public health and environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California wants to be a leader in fighting climate change, it makes no sense for us to continue approving oil projects like this around the state,” says Hollin Kretzmann, senior attorney at the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups’ appeal was brought before the Board of Supervisors last week in a hearing that ran for more than three hours. The board ultimately ruled against approving the permits in a 4-0 vote, with Supervisor Nate Miley abstaining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the final vote, 4-0, reflects widespread opposition from people from all parts of the county,” says Kretzmann. “The board prioritized the community rather than the profits of the oil company and they should be applauded for standing up to the oil industry and putting their constituents first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E&B, based in Bakersfield, uses a method known as waterflooding to extract oil from the ground. The process pumps water down one well, pushing the oil up through a different well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Local governments can make a huge difference in the fight against climate change by reducing fossil fuel production and moving us toward renewable energy,” says Kretzmann. “Alameda County has shown bold decision-making and it can be a model for other cities and counties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for E&B called the decision “disappointing,” pointing to a recommendation to approve the permits from the county planning department and a green light from the local zoning board. He also implied that the fight isn’t over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“E&B Natural Resources will continue to explore a mutually agreeable resolution with the County on our conditional use permits,” spokesman Ted Cordova wrote in a statement emailed to KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E&B has been cited for safety violations over the years, including a 2015 fine for failing to report a spill and disposing of the contaminated soil without testing for toxic chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also that year, E&B agreed to an $85,000 settlement with the county for mixing sludge with non-hazardous soils. At the time, the company argued that the violation occurred before E&B took over operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two state agencies, the California Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources and the Water Resources Board, have said that the groundwater \u003ca href=\"https://patch.com/california/livermore/protest-planned-public-meeting-new-exemption-oil-producer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">beneath the oil field\u003c/a> is not suitable for drinking because of its high mineral and salt content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kretzmann takes issue with that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their own documents show that the water could be treated and used for other types of use,” he says. “The water should be preserved for future use — especially given the fact that California is likely to experience more severe droughts in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Does the Bay Area Have Enough Water for Economic Growth and Salmon?",
"headTitle": "Does the Bay Area Have Enough Water for Economic Growth and Salmon? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California’s economy is thriving and its population is growing. San Francisco County alone added more than 120,000 jobs in five years – a huge leap in economic productivity that owes itself largely to the lucrative worlds of finance, technology and biotechnology. As people from around the country and the world continue clamoring to find their place in one of the most expensive and most congested cities, an important question is emerging in public discussions: Does California have enough water to go around, or will natural resources be sacrificed for economic success?[contextly_sidebar id=”IOM1FW0q0h9sncYnZsK1I5oNiqPbEm6Q”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a question of carrying capacity and social values,” said Peter Drekmeier, policy director of the environmental organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.tuolumne.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tuolumne River Trust\u003c/a>, which lobbies to protect the main waterway from which San Francisco receives its water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drekmeier is one of many who believe that California can grow as an economic powerhouse while maintaining productive aquatic ecosystems resembling their natural and unimpacted character – if, that is, water is divided fairly and consumed efficiently. Others, however, feel that the state’s economy – including agriculture but also urban elements – will need more water in the future, even if this drives some fish species extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These differing perspectives are at the heart of a current policy battle in California as the State Water Resources Control Board works to finalize a plan that will determine how much water should be left in critical rivers feeding the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. It’s a decision that will impact not just fish and farms, but urban areas like the San Francisco Bay Area where strongly held environmental values may be challenged by economic aspirations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trouble for Fish\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tuolumne River is a major tributary of the San Joaquin River, which feeds into the Bay-Delta, the linchpin for California’s statewide water delivery system. It’s also the place from which the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission draws the majority of its water to serve 2.7 million people in San Francisco, Alameda, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties.[contextly_sidebar id=”fTJnnabe0HjHLjO8f01PI13J7x3PjqBl”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as the 1940s, more than 100,000 fall-run Chinook salmon spawned annually in the Tuolumne. In 2015, a little more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.casalmon.org/salmon-snapshots/history/tuolumne-river\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">100 of the fish\u003c/a> swam up the river. Today, the river, studded with several dams and heavily diverted for human use, is considered by many to be in critical condition, and scientists and river advocates say what the Tuolumne and its native fishes need more than anything else is increased flows of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water is just one component of habitat, but it’s a very important one,” said Rene Henery, a biologist with the conservation group \u003ca href=\"https://www.tu.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trout Unlimited\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180729230435/855859271.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker holds a net as thousands of young fingerling Chinook salmon are released into a holding pen in the San Pablo Bay in June 2015 in Rodeo, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State agencies agree, and early in July the State Water Resources Control Board released its \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">final draft of a plan\u003c/a> to increase the amount of water left in the Tuolumne and two other San Joaquin River tributaries to about 40 percent of their historic, or “unimpaired,” winter and springtime flows. This Bay-Delta Plan Update was announced on July 6 and would allow for flows as low as 30 percent and as high as 50 percent between February and June, a key period for juvenile salmon migrating toward the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While multiple factors are to blame for the decline [in the Central Valley’s Chinook salmon runs], the magnitude of diversions out of the Sacramento, San Joaquin and other rivers feeding into the Bay-Delta is a major factor in the ecosystem decline,” the board said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board will formally consider adopting the proposed amendment in late August, and if approved, the flow increases would be implemented by 2022. Proposed flow increases for the Sacramento River and its major tributaries, which also feed the Delta, are coming but have not yet been announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Supply Impacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighty percent of the Tuolumne River is diverted before it reaches the San Joaquin for at least five months of the year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/docs/sed/lsjr_sdwq_summary_070618.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Bay-Delta Plan\u003c/a>. About 60 percent of the diverted water is used by farmers, with the rest going to the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. The proposed flow increases would in most years double the amount of water that remains in the Tuolumne River and the lower reaches of the San Joaquin.[contextly_sidebar id=”8gVPiT0DDfonWaBiVs83o8Jw2O3KJQIk”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the water board’s proposed plan appears to be a compromise that leaves both sides unhappy. Scientists and environmental advocates say the river would still need significantly more water than what is being suggested with the proposed flow increase in the Bay-Delta Plan. They want 60 percent of unimpaired flows. Water agencies and irrigation districts, though, oppose the proposal, for it would require them to give up a significant share of the water they currently use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a>, for instance, is concerned it will not have enough water to get through an extreme drought if the water board’s proposed target is realized. The commission aims to enforce water rationing of no more than 20 percent during an extended drought – a goal it claims is not achievable under the flow cuts proposed by the water board. According to the commission’s assistant general manager for water, Steve Ritchie, the SFPUC currently uses an average of about 205 million gallons per day for its customers. Usage dipped to about 175 million gallons per day during the last drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2592px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180729230533/Hetch_Hetchy_Reservoir1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2592\" height=\"2592\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park is the main storage area for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which serves water to 2.7 million people the Bay Area. (Giuseppe Di Rocco, Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ritchie said the water board’s proposed flow increases in the Tuolumne will impose severe hardships on his agency and its customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d be looking at 50 percent cuts from where we are now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average San Franciscan uses, on average, 44 gallons of water per day, he said. Half of that would amount to, by far, the lowest per capita water consumption rate of any city in the country – what Ritchie feels would be an unreasonable burden. The 60 percent flow desired by river advocates would strain water users even further. Ritchie noted that most of the conservation gains made during the last drought came from reductions in outdoor landscaping, both on public and private land. That means the additional water conservation that would be necessary under the water board’s flow plan, combined with a drought, would place rationing burdens on indoor use, which could potentially have a harder economic and quality-of-life impact.[contextly_sidebar id=”3mcys4PGxr7ra5HF21fpqW88TFW5dPXx”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole Sandkulla, chief executive and general manager of the \u003ca href=\"http://bawsca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency\u003c/a>, which represents SFPUC’s wholesale customers in Alameda, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties, said her agency’s customers reduced their water use by 27 percent on average during the last drought. The new flow regime would require permanent use reductions of 25 percent or more beyond current consumption rates. That, she said, could threaten the region’s urban economy. While water agencies would likely impose as much of the rationing as possible on residents, businesses – like restaurants and breweries – might face hardships, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We strongly support the Bay-Delta Plan, but it’s our responsibility to raise the question of how this will impact the core of the Bay Area,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drekmeier argues that the intensive cutbacks described by water agencies would not be necessary. That’s because, throughout the last drought, the SFPUC’s main reservoir – Hetch Hetchy Reservoir – remained mostly filled. At the end of the five-year dry spell, in fact, the commission had enough water in storage to last another three years. Ritchie explained this strategy is a necessary conservation measure to buffer against even more extreme droughts. If the last drought had lasted eight years, he pointed out, the commission would have been essentially out of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Australia, they had a drought that lasted 15 years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If, in an unlikely worst-case scenario, the utility commission’s reservoirs did run dry, the agency could potentially buy water from farmers, though Ritchie said this idea – advocated by Drekmeier and others – has been tried already without success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2012 we offered $700 per acre-foot for water that farmers were buying for $7 an acre-foot, and they said no,” he said. The farmers declined, he said, “because a lot of them have orchards. They need an ongoing water supply. They can’t just fallow their fields.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ecological Needs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It isn’t just environmental advocates calling for more water. Research from state and federal agencies, in fact, shows that the water board’s proposed target of 40 percent, with the flexibility to go as high as 50 percent, simply isn’t enough to maintain large and self-sustaining salmon runs – a goal that environmental mandates require.[contextly_sidebar id=”rHj5lEiBjKMUvR1urXMIehALbUj3V9QX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2010 report on flow requirements in the delta, the State Water Resources Control Board itself concluded that the Sacramento River must be left with 75 percent of its unimpaired flows and the San Joaquin drainage with 60 percent during most of the winter and spring to protect public trust resources, like fish and other wildlife. That figure, however, was calculated without considering other needs, like municipal and agricultural, according to the board’s Division of Water Rights Bay-Delta Team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The proposed updates to the Bay-Delta Plan are … meant to achieve reasonable protection for fish and wildlife considering these other needs for water,” the board said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a March 2013 report submitted to the water board, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife stated “that approximately 50-60 percent unimpaired flow is the minimum necessary to re-establish and sustain fish and wildlife beneficial uses” in the San Joaquin River system. It also warned the water board that existing allocations to farms, cities and environmental needs would lead to the deterioration of the rivers’ ecosystem. “[T]he San Joaquin River and its tributaries have been tasked to provide more services than are sustainable,” the department wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than any other component of habitat, salmon need water. Strong correlations exist between high-flow water years – like during El Niño events – and abrupt and dramatic spikes in adult salmon numbers two years later, when fish born in the river have grown to spawning size. In 1985, in the wake of the 1982–1983 El Niño, the Tuolumne’s fall-run Chinook return jumped dramatically to 40,000 fish. By the early 1990s – right after a major drought – the Tuolumne’s returns shriveled away, hovering in the low hundreds for several years. In 2000, after the 1997–1998 El Niño, almost 18,000 adult Chinook swam up the Tuolumne. Since 2005, the returns have averaged several hundred fish, jumping to 1,926 in 2013 – two years after the high-rainfall year of 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, when flows fall below a critical threshold, survival of young fish declines, said Jon Rosenfield, a conservation biologist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.thebayinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Bay Institute\u003c/a>. Temperatures increase to intolerable levels for eggs and smolts, the adjacent floodplain habitat dries up and the overall time period in which salmon will find favorable conditions is shortened from both ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180729230651/169884.ME_.0106.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1125\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Tuolumne River winds though Tuolumne Meadows in Yosemite National Park. The river is the main source of water supply for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. (Brian van der Brug/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But water isn’t the silver bullet for keeping native aquatic ecosystems alive, farm lobbyists and other water users argue. They have long called for alternative actions, like controlling invasive aquatic plants, eliminating non-native predator fish like striped bass, eliminating levees to restore natural floodplain habitat and reducing water pollution as ways to restore crumbling salmon runs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are hindrances to salmon survival and out-migration that are not flow-related,” said Sandkulla.[contextly_sidebar id=”UXZynXPKSgEbtFEOUa1Aa4yFFuVqJEoP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This approach began in earnest in 1995, when a settlement between water users – including the SFPUC – and environmental groups and fishery agencies mandated that dam operations on the Tuolumne be modified to help increase salmon numbers. The settlement has resulted mainly in measures that don’t involve sacrificing water rights, and in the decades since, salmon returns on the Tuolumne have overall declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve had 23 years to show that non-flow measures will work, but they just don’t,” Drekmeier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ritchie countered that the non-flow measures were not adequately applied in that time due to state funding shortages. In other words, he said, salmon recovery tools other than extra water haven’t been given an honest shot yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Living With Less\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As both sides scrap over the last dregs of what was once a robust and thriving river, the question arises of whether or not the rapid growth of the Bay Area, a generally left-leaning region with an environmentally conscious population, is driving a slow but steady series of extinction events just to the east.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Lackey, a fisheries scientist at Oregon State University, said economic growth – often accompanied by human population growth – has historically correlated to drastic declines in wild, naturally reproducing salmon runs, and he expects the same to eventually be true of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the end of the century, California will have European population densities – salmon don’t stand a chance,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the fish are not likely to go extinct – just dwindle in number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll always have boutique runs – museum pieces,” he said, describing minuscule runs of wild spawning salmon that are too small to be fished but can become popular tourist attractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henery, at Trout Unlimited, is working on a number of research, restoration and lobbying projects aimed at restoring wild salmon runs. He is hopeful there may be enough water in California’s rivers to support both human needs and thriving fish populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s still totally possible to meet the doubling goals of the Central Valley Project Improvement Act,” he said. That 1992 law mandates that actions be taken to restore self-sustaining, naturally spawning fish populations in the Sacramento and San Joaquin systems. The law has hovered almost lifelessly over water discussions ever since, while salmon numbers have generally declined.[contextly_sidebar id=”rfVqSGllAcrvp5j1HTsYi1AGqTvkpgrT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henery thinks the water board’s proposed targets for flows could possibly lay the foundation for rebuilding the Central Valley’s salmon runs if applied in tandem with aggressive habitat restoration work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water goes further when you have intact habitat,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, water that is allowed to flow downstream and across restored floodplain habitat will have more of a positive effect than water that is released from dams into river channels contained within levees. A great deal of research has shown that salmon smolts that have access to inundated riverbank habitat are several times more likely to survive their downstream journey to the sea than young fish contained within a fast-flowing channel of water. In other words, sufficient water must be combined with appropriate habitat for each of the various inland life stages – spawning, incubation, emergence, rearing and out-migration – of salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henery said he is pleased that the water board has suggested targets for increased flows but said he is disappointed that the proposal has not been accompanied by detailed restoration project plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salmon remain relatively plentiful in California only because fish hatcheries release millions of baby salmon each year. Without these facilities, the state’s Chinook runs – largest in the Sacramento and Klamath basins – would collapse in just several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to water, humans in California do not face existential threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water board would never actually let San Francisco run out of water – that won’t happen,” Rosenfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He discounts claims from the SFPUC that San Francisco is threatened by drought. The city, he said, could reduce its current demands for water through more water recycling, mandatory or subsidized installment of efficient toilets and showerheads, improved irrigation efficiency on public and private lands and fixing its own system’s leaking pipes.[contextly_sidebar id=”fmT2IqTOn1FL8xE6He3SiGjNN9LKISN6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is so much low-hanging fruit,” he said. “San Francisco is way behind the curve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission is, in fact, looking at the possibility of potentially investing in a desalination plant and a potable reuse facility – projects that Ritchie said, if implemented, could take 10 years to build. He is reluctant to impose further hardships on the agency’s customers but recognizes challenges ahead for preserving river ecosystems in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll need to be really creative and efficient in how we use water,” he said. “Regulatory difficulties aside, nature is likely to become a problem for us as the climate changes.” He foresees long droughts and the occasional disastrous flood as future climate realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henery believes there is room in California for salmon if people make a little space, and probably sacrifice some water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish do absolutely everything they can to survive in the wild,” he said. “Are people in California doing everything they can to use water more efficiently and get by with less? I don’t think so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/07/31/does-the-bay-area-have-enough-water-for-economic-growth-and-salmon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A final draft of the state’s plan to increase flows in key tributaries of the Bay-Delta will mean more water for fish but less for urban areas like the San Francisco Bay Area.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s economy is thriving and its population is growing. San Francisco County alone added more than 120,000 jobs in five years – a huge leap in economic productivity that owes itself largely to the lucrative worlds of finance, technology and biotechnology. As people from around the country and the world continue clamoring to find their place in one of the most expensive and most congested cities, an important question is emerging in public discussions: Does California have enough water to go around, or will natural resources be sacrificed for economic success?\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a question of carrying capacity and social values,” said Peter Drekmeier, policy director of the environmental organization \u003ca href=\"https://www.tuolumne.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tuolumne River Trust\u003c/a>, which lobbies to protect the main waterway from which San Francisco receives its water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drekmeier is one of many who believe that California can grow as an economic powerhouse while maintaining productive aquatic ecosystems resembling their natural and unimpacted character – if, that is, water is divided fairly and consumed efficiently. Others, however, feel that the state’s economy – including agriculture but also urban elements – will need more water in the future, even if this drives some fish species extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These differing perspectives are at the heart of a current policy battle in California as the State Water Resources Control Board works to finalize a plan that will determine how much water should be left in critical rivers feeding the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. It’s a decision that will impact not just fish and farms, but urban areas like the San Francisco Bay Area where strongly held environmental values may be challenged by economic aspirations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trouble for Fish\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tuolumne River is a major tributary of the San Joaquin River, which feeds into the Bay-Delta, the linchpin for California’s statewide water delivery system. It’s also the place from which the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission draws the majority of its water to serve 2.7 million people in San Francisco, Alameda, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as the 1940s, more than 100,000 fall-run Chinook salmon spawned annually in the Tuolumne. In 2015, a little more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.casalmon.org/salmon-snapshots/history/tuolumne-river\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">100 of the fish\u003c/a> swam up the river. Today, the river, studded with several dams and heavily diverted for human use, is considered by many to be in critical condition, and scientists and river advocates say what the Tuolumne and its native fishes need more than anything else is increased flows of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water is just one component of habitat, but it’s a very important one,” said Rene Henery, a biologist with the conservation group \u003ca href=\"https://www.tu.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trout Unlimited\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180729230435/855859271.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker holds a net as thousands of young fingerling Chinook salmon are released into a holding pen in the San Pablo Bay in June 2015 in Rodeo, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>State agencies agree, and early in July the State Water Resources Control Board released its \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">final draft of a plan\u003c/a> to increase the amount of water left in the Tuolumne and two other San Joaquin River tributaries to about 40 percent of their historic, or “unimpaired,” winter and springtime flows. This Bay-Delta Plan Update was announced on July 6 and would allow for flows as low as 30 percent and as high as 50 percent between February and June, a key period for juvenile salmon migrating toward the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While multiple factors are to blame for the decline [in the Central Valley’s Chinook salmon runs], the magnitude of diversions out of the Sacramento, San Joaquin and other rivers feeding into the Bay-Delta is a major factor in the ecosystem decline,” the board said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board will formally consider adopting the proposed amendment in late August, and if approved, the flow increases would be implemented by 2022. Proposed flow increases for the Sacramento River and its major tributaries, which also feed the Delta, are coming but have not yet been announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Supply Impacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighty percent of the Tuolumne River is diverted before it reaches the San Joaquin for at least five months of the year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/docs/sed/lsjr_sdwq_summary_070618.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Bay-Delta Plan\u003c/a>. About 60 percent of the diverted water is used by farmers, with the rest going to the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. The proposed flow increases would in most years double the amount of water that remains in the Tuolumne River and the lower reaches of the San Joaquin.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the water board’s proposed plan appears to be a compromise that leaves both sides unhappy. Scientists and environmental advocates say the river would still need significantly more water than what is being suggested with the proposed flow increase in the Bay-Delta Plan. They want 60 percent of unimpaired flows. Water agencies and irrigation districts, though, oppose the proposal, for it would require them to give up a significant share of the water they currently use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfwater.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a>, for instance, is concerned it will not have enough water to get through an extreme drought if the water board’s proposed target is realized. The commission aims to enforce water rationing of no more than 20 percent during an extended drought – a goal it claims is not achievable under the flow cuts proposed by the water board. According to the commission’s assistant general manager for water, Steve Ritchie, the SFPUC currently uses an average of about 205 million gallons per day for its customers. Usage dipped to about 175 million gallons per day during the last drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2592px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180729230533/Hetch_Hetchy_Reservoir1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2592\" height=\"2592\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park is the main storage area for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which serves water to 2.7 million people the Bay Area. (Giuseppe Di Rocco, Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ritchie said the water board’s proposed flow increases in the Tuolumne will impose severe hardships on his agency and its customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d be looking at 50 percent cuts from where we are now,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average San Franciscan uses, on average, 44 gallons of water per day, he said. Half of that would amount to, by far, the lowest per capita water consumption rate of any city in the country – what Ritchie feels would be an unreasonable burden. The 60 percent flow desired by river advocates would strain water users even further. Ritchie noted that most of the conservation gains made during the last drought came from reductions in outdoor landscaping, both on public and private land. That means the additional water conservation that would be necessary under the water board’s flow plan, combined with a drought, would place rationing burdens on indoor use, which could potentially have a harder economic and quality-of-life impact.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole Sandkulla, chief executive and general manager of the \u003ca href=\"http://bawsca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Water Supply and Conservation Agency\u003c/a>, which represents SFPUC’s wholesale customers in Alameda, San Mateo and Santa Clara counties, said her agency’s customers reduced their water use by 27 percent on average during the last drought. The new flow regime would require permanent use reductions of 25 percent or more beyond current consumption rates. That, she said, could threaten the region’s urban economy. While water agencies would likely impose as much of the rationing as possible on residents, businesses – like restaurants and breweries – might face hardships, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We strongly support the Bay-Delta Plan, but it’s our responsibility to raise the question of how this will impact the core of the Bay Area,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drekmeier argues that the intensive cutbacks described by water agencies would not be necessary. That’s because, throughout the last drought, the SFPUC’s main reservoir – Hetch Hetchy Reservoir – remained mostly filled. At the end of the five-year dry spell, in fact, the commission had enough water in storage to last another three years. Ritchie explained this strategy is a necessary conservation measure to buffer against even more extreme droughts. If the last drought had lasted eight years, he pointed out, the commission would have been essentially out of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Australia, they had a drought that lasted 15 years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If, in an unlikely worst-case scenario, the utility commission’s reservoirs did run dry, the agency could potentially buy water from farmers, though Ritchie said this idea – advocated by Drekmeier and others – has been tried already without success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2012 we offered $700 per acre-foot for water that farmers were buying for $7 an acre-foot, and they said no,” he said. The farmers declined, he said, “because a lot of them have orchards. They need an ongoing water supply. They can’t just fallow their fields.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ecological Needs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It isn’t just environmental advocates calling for more water. Research from state and federal agencies, in fact, shows that the water board’s proposed target of 40 percent, with the flexibility to go as high as 50 percent, simply isn’t enough to maintain large and self-sustaining salmon runs – a goal that environmental mandates require.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2010 report on flow requirements in the delta, the State Water Resources Control Board itself concluded that the Sacramento River must be left with 75 percent of its unimpaired flows and the San Joaquin drainage with 60 percent during most of the winter and spring to protect public trust resources, like fish and other wildlife. That figure, however, was calculated without considering other needs, like municipal and agricultural, according to the board’s Division of Water Rights Bay-Delta Team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The proposed updates to the Bay-Delta Plan are … meant to achieve reasonable protection for fish and wildlife considering these other needs for water,” the board said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a March 2013 report submitted to the water board, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife stated “that approximately 50-60 percent unimpaired flow is the minimum necessary to re-establish and sustain fish and wildlife beneficial uses” in the San Joaquin River system. It also warned the water board that existing allocations to farms, cities and environmental needs would lead to the deterioration of the rivers’ ecosystem. “[T]he San Joaquin River and its tributaries have been tasked to provide more services than are sustainable,” the department wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than any other component of habitat, salmon need water. Strong correlations exist between high-flow water years – like during El Niño events – and abrupt and dramatic spikes in adult salmon numbers two years later, when fish born in the river have grown to spawning size. In 1985, in the wake of the 1982–1983 El Niño, the Tuolumne’s fall-run Chinook return jumped dramatically to 40,000 fish. By the early 1990s – right after a major drought – the Tuolumne’s returns shriveled away, hovering in the low hundreds for several years. In 2000, after the 1997–1998 El Niño, almost 18,000 adult Chinook swam up the Tuolumne. Since 2005, the returns have averaged several hundred fish, jumping to 1,926 in 2013 – two years after the high-rainfall year of 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, when flows fall below a critical threshold, survival of young fish declines, said Jon Rosenfield, a conservation biologist with \u003ca href=\"http://www.thebayinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Bay Institute\u003c/a>. Temperatures increase to intolerable levels for eggs and smolts, the adjacent floodplain habitat dries up and the overall time period in which salmon will find favorable conditions is shortened from both ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180729230651/169884.ME_.0106.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1125\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Tuolumne River winds though Tuolumne Meadows in Yosemite National Park. The river is the main source of water supply for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. (Brian van der Brug/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But water isn’t the silver bullet for keeping native aquatic ecosystems alive, farm lobbyists and other water users argue. They have long called for alternative actions, like controlling invasive aquatic plants, eliminating non-native predator fish like striped bass, eliminating levees to restore natural floodplain habitat and reducing water pollution as ways to restore crumbling salmon runs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are hindrances to salmon survival and out-migration that are not flow-related,” said Sandkulla.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This approach began in earnest in 1995, when a settlement between water users – including the SFPUC – and environmental groups and fishery agencies mandated that dam operations on the Tuolumne be modified to help increase salmon numbers. The settlement has resulted mainly in measures that don’t involve sacrificing water rights, and in the decades since, salmon returns on the Tuolumne have overall declined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve had 23 years to show that non-flow measures will work, but they just don’t,” Drekmeier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ritchie countered that the non-flow measures were not adequately applied in that time due to state funding shortages. In other words, he said, salmon recovery tools other than extra water haven’t been given an honest shot yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Living With Less\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As both sides scrap over the last dregs of what was once a robust and thriving river, the question arises of whether or not the rapid growth of the Bay Area, a generally left-leaning region with an environmentally conscious population, is driving a slow but steady series of extinction events just to the east.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Lackey, a fisheries scientist at Oregon State University, said economic growth – often accompanied by human population growth – has historically correlated to drastic declines in wild, naturally reproducing salmon runs, and he expects the same to eventually be true of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By the end of the century, California will have European population densities – salmon don’t stand a chance,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the fish are not likely to go extinct – just dwindle in number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll always have boutique runs – museum pieces,” he said, describing minuscule runs of wild spawning salmon that are too small to be fished but can become popular tourist attractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henery, at Trout Unlimited, is working on a number of research, restoration and lobbying projects aimed at restoring wild salmon runs. He is hopeful there may be enough water in California’s rivers to support both human needs and thriving fish populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s still totally possible to meet the doubling goals of the Central Valley Project Improvement Act,” he said. That 1992 law mandates that actions be taken to restore self-sustaining, naturally spawning fish populations in the Sacramento and San Joaquin systems. The law has hovered almost lifelessly over water discussions ever since, while salmon numbers have generally declined.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henery thinks the water board’s proposed targets for flows could possibly lay the foundation for rebuilding the Central Valley’s salmon runs if applied in tandem with aggressive habitat restoration work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water goes further when you have intact habitat,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, water that is allowed to flow downstream and across restored floodplain habitat will have more of a positive effect than water that is released from dams into river channels contained within levees. A great deal of research has shown that salmon smolts that have access to inundated riverbank habitat are several times more likely to survive their downstream journey to the sea than young fish contained within a fast-flowing channel of water. In other words, sufficient water must be combined with appropriate habitat for each of the various inland life stages – spawning, incubation, emergence, rearing and out-migration – of salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henery said he is pleased that the water board has suggested targets for increased flows but said he is disappointed that the proposal has not been accompanied by detailed restoration project plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salmon remain relatively plentiful in California only because fish hatcheries release millions of baby salmon each year. Without these facilities, the state’s Chinook runs – largest in the Sacramento and Klamath basins – would collapse in just several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to water, humans in California do not face existential threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water board would never actually let San Francisco run out of water – that won’t happen,” Rosenfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He discounts claims from the SFPUC that San Francisco is threatened by drought. The city, he said, could reduce its current demands for water through more water recycling, mandatory or subsidized installment of efficient toilets and showerheads, improved irrigation efficiency on public and private lands and fixing its own system’s leaking pipes.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is so much low-hanging fruit,” he said. “San Francisco is way behind the curve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission is, in fact, looking at the possibility of potentially investing in a desalination plant and a potable reuse facility – projects that Ritchie said, if implemented, could take 10 years to build. He is reluctant to impose further hardships on the agency’s customers but recognizes challenges ahead for preserving river ecosystems in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll need to be really creative and efficient in how we use water,” he said. “Regulatory difficulties aside, nature is likely to become a problem for us as the climate changes.” He foresees long droughts and the occasional disastrous flood as future climate realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henery believes there is room in California for salmon if people make a little space, and probably sacrifice some water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish do absolutely everything they can to survive in the wild,” he said. “Are people in California doing everything they can to use water more efficiently and get by with less? I don’t think so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/07/31/does-the-bay-area-have-enough-water-for-economic-growth-and-salmon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Redding Medical Staff Scrambling to Provide Care",
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"content": "\u003cp>Medical staff near Redding have been scrambling to provide necessary care, some while dealing with the mandatory evacuations of their own homes in the face of the explosive Carr Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']Shasta Community Health Center supports Shasta County at its six locations. But Chief Operations Officer Brandon Thornock says last Friday alone, dozens of employees were unable to come to work. Still, he says, enough employees showed up that the health center can staff two facilities: their medical center in Anderson and a consolidated team of medical professionals operating out of Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of their physicians and staff have also been sent to the evacuation center established at Shasta College to help fire evacuees with anxiety and smoke inhalation problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Dignity Health Mercy Medical Center, one of the most sensitive operations was the transfer of six babies from the hospital’s neonatal intensive care unit, says Mike Mangas, a communications manager for the hospital. It can take three to four hours to prepare the babies to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five babies were taken to the UC Davis Medical Center, while a sixth was transferred to Mercy San Juan. All arrived in good health and Mangas says they’re doing well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, he says Mercy has seen several burn and smoke-related injuries, including 3 firefighters, but none were serious and all have now been discharged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”PKSsgbdsFAc8xVRhDXbPq7h565rX5IHh”]The hospital is ready to remove additional patients if needed, but Mangas noted that a shift this week in the direction of the active front of the fire might spare them more damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had people who work at the hospital who lost their homes,” Mangas says, “but many of them still showed up for work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Carr Fire has burned more than 112,000 acres, destroyed more than 900 homes, and is still just 30 percent contained. Fire officials are beginning to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">allow residents back\u003c/a> in some areas, while continuing \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mandatory evacuations\u003c/a> in others.\u003cbr>\n \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Medical staff near Redding have been scrambling to provide necessary care, some while dealing with the mandatory evacuations of their own homes in the face of the explosive Carr Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Shasta Community Health Center supports Shasta County at its six locations. But Chief Operations Officer Brandon Thornock says last Friday alone, dozens of employees were unable to come to work. Still, he says, enough employees showed up that the health center can staff two facilities: their medical center in Anderson and a consolidated team of medical professionals operating out of Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of their physicians and staff have also been sent to the evacuation center established at Shasta College to help fire evacuees with anxiety and smoke inhalation problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Dignity Health Mercy Medical Center, one of the most sensitive operations was the transfer of six babies from the hospital’s neonatal intensive care unit, says Mike Mangas, a communications manager for the hospital. It can take three to four hours to prepare the babies to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five babies were taken to the UC Davis Medical Center, while a sixth was transferred to Mercy San Juan. All arrived in good health and Mangas says they’re doing well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, he says Mercy has seen several burn and smoke-related injuries, including 3 firefighters, but none were serious and all have now been discharged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The hospital is ready to remove additional patients if needed, but Mangas noted that a shift this week in the direction of the active front of the fire might spare them more damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had people who work at the hospital who lost their homes,” Mangas says, “but many of them still showed up for work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Carr Fire has burned more than 112,000 acres, destroyed more than 900 homes, and is still just 30 percent contained. Fire officials are beginning to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">allow residents back\u003c/a> in some areas, while continuing \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mandatory evacuations\u003c/a> in others.\u003cbr>\n \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trump Admin: Driving Would be Riskier with Tougher Fuel Standards",
"headTitle": "Trump Admin: Driving Would be Riskier with Tougher Fuel Standards | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration says people would drive more and be exposed to increased risk if their cars get better gas mileage, an argument intended to justify freezing Obama-era toughening of fuel standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transportation experts dispute the arguments, contained in a draft of the administration’s proposals prepared this summer, excerpts of which were obtained by The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The excerpts also show the administration plans to challenge California’s long-standing authority to enact its own, tougher pollution and fuel standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Revisions to the mileage requirements for 2021 through 2026 are still being worked on, the administration says, and changes could be made before the proposal is released as soon as this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration gave notice earlier this year that it would roll back tough new fuel standards put into place in the waning days of the Obama administration. Anticipating the new regulation, California and 16 other states sued the Trump administration in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, “improvements over time have better longer-term effects simply by not alienating consumers, as compared to great leaps forward” in fuel efficiency and other technology, the administration argues. It contends that freezing the mileage requirements at 2020 levels would save up to 1,000 lives per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New vehicles would be cheaper — and heavier — if they don’t have to meet more stringent fuel requirements and more people would buy them, the draft says, and that would put more drivers in safer, newer vehicles that pollute less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the draft says that people will drive less if their vehicles get fewer miles per gallon, lowering the risk of crashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Zuby, chief research officer at the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, said he’s doubtful about the administration’s estimate of lives saved because other factors could affect traffic deaths, such as automakers agreeing to make automatic emergency braking standard on all models before 2022. “They’re making assumptions about stuff that may or may not be the same,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the logic that heavier vehicles are safer doesn’t hold up because lighter, newer vehicles perform as well or better than older, heavier versions in crash tests, and because the weight difference between the Obama and Trump requirements would be minimal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Allow me to be skeptical,” said Giorgio Rizzoni, an engineering professor and director of the Center for Automotive Research at Ohio State University. “To say that safety is a direct result of somehow freezing the fuel economy mandate for a few years, I think that’s a stretch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say that a heavier, bigger vehicle would incur less damage in a crash with a smaller, lighter one and that fatality rates also are higher for smaller vehicles. But they also say that lighter vehicles with metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium and lighter, high-strength steel alloys perform as well or better than their predecessors in crash tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Taub, professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Michigan, said he would choose a 2017 Malibu over a heavier one from 20 years earlier. It’s engineered better, has more features to avoid crashes and additional air bags, among other things. “You want to be in the newer vehicle,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An April draft from the Trump administration said freezing the requirements at 2020 levels would save people $1,900 per new vehicle. But the later draft raises that to $2,100 and even as high as $2,700 by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups questioned the justification for freezing the standards. Luke Tonachel, director of the clean-vehicle program at the Natural Resources Defense Council, said the risk from people driving more due to higher mileage is “tiny and maybe even negligible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Trump administration proposal, the fleet of new vehicles would have to average roughly 30 mpg in real-world driving, and that wouldn’t change through 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has had the authority under the half-century-old Clean Air Act to set its own mileage under a special rule allowing the state to curb its chronic smog problem. More than a dozen states follow California’s standards, amounting to about 40 percent of the country’s new-vehicle market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if he thinks a freeze in U.S. mileage standards is warranted, EPA acting administrator Andrew Wheeler told a small group of reporters at EPA headquarters last week, “I think we need to go where the technology takes us” on fuel standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler did not elaborate. Agency spokespeople did not respond when asked specifically if the EPA acting chief was making the case that modern cars could be both fuel efficient and safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler also spoke out for what he called “a 50-state solution” that would keep the U.S car and truck market from splitting between two different mileage standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Transportation said in a statement that the final fuel economy standards would be based on sound science. The department cautioned that a draft doesn’t capture the whole picture of the proposed regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft said a 2012 analysis of fuel economy standards under the Obama administration deliberately limited the amount of mass reduction necessary under the standards. This was done “in order to avoid the appearance of adverse safety effects,” the draft stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krisher reported from Detroit.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Trump Administration contends that freezing the mileage requirements at 2020 levels would save up to 1,000 lives per year.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, “improvements over time have better longer-term effects simply by not alienating consumers, as compared to great leaps forward” in fuel efficiency and other technology, the administration argues. It contends that freezing the mileage requirements at 2020 levels would save up to 1,000 lives per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New vehicles would be cheaper — and heavier — if they don’t have to meet more stringent fuel requirements and more people would buy them, the draft says, and that would put more drivers in safer, newer vehicles that pollute less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the draft says that people will drive less if their vehicles get fewer miles per gallon, lowering the risk of crashes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Zuby, chief research officer at the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, said he’s doubtful about the administration’s estimate of lives saved because other factors could affect traffic deaths, such as automakers agreeing to make automatic emergency braking standard on all models before 2022. “They’re making assumptions about stuff that may or may not be the same,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say the logic that heavier vehicles are safer doesn’t hold up because lighter, newer vehicles perform as well or better than older, heavier versions in crash tests, and because the weight difference between the Obama and Trump requirements would be minimal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Allow me to be skeptical,” said Giorgio Rizzoni, an engineering professor and director of the Center for Automotive Research at Ohio State University. “To say that safety is a direct result of somehow freezing the fuel economy mandate for a few years, I think that’s a stretch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say that a heavier, bigger vehicle would incur less damage in a crash with a smaller, lighter one and that fatality rates also are higher for smaller vehicles. But they also say that lighter vehicles with metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium and lighter, high-strength steel alloys perform as well or better than their predecessors in crash tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Taub, professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Michigan, said he would choose a 2017 Malibu over a heavier one from 20 years earlier. It’s engineered better, has more features to avoid crashes and additional air bags, among other things. “You want to be in the newer vehicle,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An April draft from the Trump administration said freezing the requirements at 2020 levels would save people $1,900 per new vehicle. But the later draft raises that to $2,100 and even as high as $2,700 by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups questioned the justification for freezing the standards. Luke Tonachel, director of the clean-vehicle program at the Natural Resources Defense Council, said the risk from people driving more due to higher mileage is “tiny and maybe even negligible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the Trump administration proposal, the fleet of new vehicles would have to average roughly 30 mpg in real-world driving, and that wouldn’t change through 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has had the authority under the half-century-old Clean Air Act to set its own mileage under a special rule allowing the state to curb its chronic smog problem. More than a dozen states follow California’s standards, amounting to about 40 percent of the country’s new-vehicle market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked if he thinks a freeze in U.S. mileage standards is warranted, EPA acting administrator Andrew Wheeler told a small group of reporters at EPA headquarters last week, “I think we need to go where the technology takes us” on fuel standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler did not elaborate. Agency spokespeople did not respond when asked specifically if the EPA acting chief was making the case that modern cars could be both fuel efficient and safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wheeler also spoke out for what he called “a 50-state solution” that would keep the U.S car and truck market from splitting between two different mileage standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Transportation said in a statement that the final fuel economy standards would be based on sound science. The department cautioned that a draft doesn’t capture the whole picture of the proposed regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draft said a 2012 analysis of fuel economy standards under the Obama administration deliberately limited the amount of mass reduction necessary under the standards. This was done “in order to avoid the appearance of adverse safety effects,” the draft stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krisher reported from Detroit.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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