window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_1949682": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1949682",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949682",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1949677,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/men-900x675-1-900x576.jpg",
"width": 900,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/men-900x675-1-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/men-900x675-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/men-900x675-1.jpg",
"width": 900,
"height": 675
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/men-900x675-1-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/men-900x675-1-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
}
},
"publishDate": 1571762920,
"modified": 1571762944,
"caption": "Crews on Grizzly Peak fight a fire in August 2017. ",
"description": null,
"title": "men-900x675 (1)",
"credit": "Frances Dinkelspiel/Berkeleyside",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1944296": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1944296",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1944296",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1944278,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19.jpg",
"width": 2048,
"height": 1365
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
}
},
"publishDate": 1561991196,
"modified": 1561991298,
"caption": "The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta provides drinking water for two-thirds of Californians and three million acres of farmland.\n",
"description": null,
"title": "KJ_Delta_Aerials_2221_03_08_19",
"credit": "Ken James / California Department of Water Resources",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1949666": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1949666",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949666",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1949656,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/TarSandsAerielViewGettyImages-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/TarSandsAerielViewGettyImages-160x98.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 98
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/TarSandsAerielViewGettyImages-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/TarSandsAerielViewGettyImages.jpg",
"width": 1600,
"height": 984
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/TarSandsAerielViewGettyImages-1020x627.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 627
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/TarSandsAerielViewGettyImages-1200x738.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 738
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/TarSandsAerielViewGettyImages-800x492.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 492
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/TarSandsAerielViewGettyImages-768x472.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 472
}
},
"publishDate": 1571703512,
"modified": 1571703693,
"caption": "Applying a lower estimate for carbon costs made high-polluting projects like Canada’s oil sands pictured here more attractive. The low-grade hydrocarbons make up 30% of Exxon’s oil reserves. ",
"description": null,
"title": null,
"credit": "Veronqiue de Viguerie/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1949620": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1949620",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949620",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1949619,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/gettyimages-1176167717_custom-4f0fa198ada6b44448541b7d1b5dd6d7f4e041f9-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/gettyimages-1176167717_custom-4f0fa198ada6b44448541b7d1b5dd6d7f4e041f9-160x108.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 108
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/gettyimages-1176167717_custom-4f0fa198ada6b44448541b7d1b5dd6d7f4e041f9-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/gettyimages-1176167717_custom-4f0fa198ada6b44448541b7d1b5dd6d7f4e041f9-e1571689445759.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1291
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/gettyimages-1176167717_custom-4f0fa198ada6b44448541b7d1b5dd6d7f4e041f9-1020x686.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 686
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/gettyimages-1176167717_custom-4f0fa198ada6b44448541b7d1b5dd6d7f4e041f9-1200x807.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 807
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/gettyimages-1176167717_custom-4f0fa198ada6b44448541b7d1b5dd6d7f4e041f9-1920x1291.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1291
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/gettyimages-1176167717_custom-4f0fa198ada6b44448541b7d1b5dd6d7f4e041f9-800x538.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 538
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/gettyimages-1176167717_custom-4f0fa198ada6b44448541b7d1b5dd6d7f4e041f9-768x517.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 517
}
},
"publishDate": 1571681170,
"modified": 1571681414,
"caption": "The Paris Zoological Park is home to \u003cem>Physarum polycephalum,\u003c/em> better known as \"the blob,\" a unicellular organism capable of learning despite its lack of neurons.",
"description": "The Paris Zoological Park is home to \u003cem>Physarum polycephalum,\u003c/em> better known as \"the blob,\" a unicellular organism capable of learning despite its lack of neurons.",
"title": "The Paris Zoological Park is home to Physarum polycephalum, better known as \"the blob,\" a unicellular organism capable of learning despite its lack of neurons.",
"credit": "Stephane De Sakutin/AFP via Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1949608": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1949608",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949608",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1949607,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1.jpg",
"width": 3072,
"height": 2046
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-1020x679.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 679
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-1200x799.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 799
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-1920x1279.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1279
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/sciencesource_ss2461183_alz_sugar_pet_custom-3157e6267681471a27f45f50b6a85079b345a0c1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
}
},
"publishDate": 1571677074,
"modified": 1571679367,
"caption": "A PET scan shows metabolism of sugar in the human brain.",
"description": "A PET scan shows metabolism of sugar in the human brain.",
"title": "A PET scan shows metabolism of sugar in the human brain.",
"credit": "Science Source",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1949535": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1949535",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949535",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1949531,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/BBrown-LindaACicero-StanfordNewsService-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/BBrown-LindaACicero-StanfordNewsService-160x113.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 113
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/BBrown-LindaACicero-StanfordNewsService-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/BBrown-LindaACicero-StanfordNewsService.jpg",
"width": 2812,
"height": 1980
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/BBrown-LindaACicero-StanfordNewsService-1020x718.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 718
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/BBrown-LindaACicero-StanfordNewsService-1200x845.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 845
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/BBrown-LindaACicero-StanfordNewsService-1920x1352.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1352
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/BBrown-LindaACicero-StanfordNewsService-800x563.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 563
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/BBrown-LindaACicero-StanfordNewsService-768x541.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 541
}
},
"publishDate": 1571435899,
"modified": 1571442660,
"caption": "Bryan Brown, associate professor of education at Stanford, is author of 'Science in the City: Culturally Relevant STEM Education.'",
"description": null,
"title": "BBrown-LindaACicero-StanfordNewsService",
"credit": "Linda A. Cicero / Stanford News Service",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1949487": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1949487",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949487",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1949483,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/power-fire-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/power-fire-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/power-fire-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/power-fire.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/power-fire-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/power-fire-1200x675.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/power-fire-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/power-fire-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/power-fire-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
}
},
"publishDate": 1571419727,
"modified": 1571419805,
"caption": "A downed power line in Santa Rosa after the Tubbs Fire in 2017.",
"description": null,
"title": "Multiple Wildfires Continue To Ravage California Wine Country",
"credit": "Elijah Nouvelage/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1949473": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1949473",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949473",
"found": true
},
"title": "New Report Finds That S.F. Infrastructure Unprepared For Major Earthquake",
"publishDate": 1571413858,
"status": "inherit",
"parent": 1949350,
"modified": 1776804151,
"caption": "Pedestrians walk by a \"soft-story building\" on Feb. 2, 2009, in the Marina district of San Francisco. A report by the San Francisco Planning & Urban Research Association concluded that the city's infrastructure and buildings are unprepared for a major earthquake. The study suggests that owners of nearly 2,800 so-called \"soft-story buildings\" be forced to retrofit their property to avoid an estimated $1.5 billion in damages should a big quake happen.",
"credit": "Justin Sullivan/Getty Images",
"altTag": "A picture of a soft-story building in San Francisco.",
"description": "SAN FRANCISCO - FEBRUARY 02: Pedestrians walk by a \"soft-story building\" February 2, 2009 in the Marina district of San Francisco, California. A report by the San Francisco Planning & Urban Research Association concluded that the city's infrastructure and buildings are unpreapred for a major earthquake. The study suggests that owners of nearly 2,800 so-called \"soft-story buildings\" be forced to retrofit their property to avoid an estimated $1.5 billion in damages should a big quake happen. (Photo by Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Soft-Story-Buildings-Earthquake-160x98.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 98,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Soft-Story-Buildings-Earthquake-800x489.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 489,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Soft-Story-Buildings-Earthquake-768x470.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 470,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Soft-Story-Buildings-Earthquake-1020x624.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 624,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Soft-Story-Buildings-Earthquake-1200x734.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"height": 734,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Soft-Story-Buildings-Earthquake-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Soft-Story-Buildings-Earthquake-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Soft-Story-Buildings-Earthquake-1920x1174.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1174,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Soft-Story-Buildings-Earthquake-e1571413875578.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1174
}
},
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1949365": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1949365",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949365",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1949362,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/056sr-160x109.jpeg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 109
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/056sr-672x372.jpeg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/056sr.jpeg",
"width": 755,
"height": 512
}
},
"publishDate": 1571331779,
"modified": 1571331936,
"caption": "A crack from the Loma Prieta earthquake destroys a driveway near Summit Road, southeast of Highway 17.",
"description": "A crack system destroys driveway adjacent to summit road 0.8 km (1/2 mi) southeast of Highway 17. ",
"title": "056sr",
"credit": "J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1949154": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1949154",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949154",
"found": true
},
"parent": 0,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03A-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03A-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03A-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03A.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03A-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03A-1200x675.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03A-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03A-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03A-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
}
},
"publishDate": 1571068743,
"modified": 1571329131,
"caption": "A wrecked building in San Francisco's Marina district after the Loma Prieta quake of Oct. 17, 1989.",
"description": null,
"title": "03A",
"credit": "Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1949150": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1949150",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949150",
"found": true
},
"parent": 0,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01A-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01A-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01A-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01A.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01A-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01A-1200x675.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01A-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01A-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01A-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
}
},
"publishDate": 1571068712,
"modified": 1571258193,
"caption": "Photo taken from the intersection of Beach and Divisadero streets, Oct 21, 1989, four days after the Loma Prieta earthquake struck.",
"description": null,
"title": "01A",
"credit": "Getty ",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1948964": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1948964",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1948964",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1948951,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fremont_Fire_Department_Solar_Microgrid_1200_873_80-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fremont_Fire_Department_Solar_Microgrid_1200_873_80-160x116.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 116
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fremont_Fire_Department_Solar_Microgrid_1200_873_80-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fremont_Fire_Department_Solar_Microgrid_1200_873_80.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"height": 873
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fremont_Fire_Department_Solar_Microgrid_1200_873_80-1020x742.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 742
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fremont_Fire_Department_Solar_Microgrid_1200_873_80-1200x873.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 873
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fremont_Fire_Department_Solar_Microgrid_1200_873_80-800x582.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 582
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/Fremont_Fire_Department_Solar_Microgrid_1200_873_80-768x559.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 559
}
},
"publishDate": 1570748475,
"modified": 1570764780,
"caption": "Solar panels power a microgrid at Fremont's fire station. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Fremont_Fire_Department_Solar_Microgrid_1200_873_80",
"credit": "California Energy Commission",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_1949677": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1949677",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1949677",
"name": "Kevin Jones\u003cbr/>Berkeleyside\u003cbr>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1949656": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1949656",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1949656",
"name": "Nicholas Kusnetz \u003cbr/>InsideClimate News\u003cbr>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1949619": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1949619",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1949619",
"name": "Scott Simon\u003c/br>Emma Bowman\u003c/br>NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1949607": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1949607",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1949607",
"name": "Jon Hamilton\u003c/br>NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1949333": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1949333",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1949333",
"name": "John Antczak\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"laurensommer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "239",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "239",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lauren Sommer",
"firstName": "Lauren",
"lastName": "Sommer",
"slug": "laurensommer",
"email": "lsommer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lauren is a radio reporter formerly covering environment, water, and energy for KQED Science. As part of her day job, she has scaled Sierra Nevada peaks, run from charging elephant seals, and desperately tried to get her sea legs - all in pursuit of good radio. Her work has appeared on Marketplace, Living on Earth, Science Friday and NPR's Morning Edition and All Things Considered. You can find her on Twitter at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/lesommer\">@lesommer\u003c/a>.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor",
"manage_content_types",
"manage_taxonomies"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lauren Sommer | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/33aa3772bb86c6ad45b8aca6a238bbdf?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laurensommer"
},
"kqedscience": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6387",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6387",
"found": true
},
"name": "KQED Science",
"firstName": "KQED",
"lastName": "Science",
"slug": "kqedscience",
"email": "kqedscience@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond by the flagship Northern California PBS and NPR affiliate.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "KQED Science | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5a295ff49cf82a8c0f30937d3f788b2f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/kqedscience"
},
"dventon": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11088",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11088",
"found": true
},
"name": "Danielle Venton",
"firstName": "Danielle",
"lastName": "Venton",
"slug": "dventon",
"email": "dventon@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Science reporter",
"bio": "Danielle Venton is a reporter for KQED Science. She covers wildfires, space and oceans (though she is prone to sea sickness).\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2015, Danielle was a staff reporter at KRCB in Sonoma County and a freelancer. She studied science communication at UC Santa Cruz and formerly worked at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland where she wrote about computing. She lives in Sonoma County and enjoys backpacking.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "DanielleVenton",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "liveblog",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Danielle Venton | KQED",
"description": "Science reporter",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ebaf11ee6cfb7bb40329a143d463829e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/dventon"
},
"lmoore": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11577",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11577",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lindsey Moore",
"firstName": "Lindsey",
"lastName": "Moore",
"slug": "lmoore",
"email": "lmoore@KQED.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": null,
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f31b7af72737fe390bb81e7c259f55ad?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lindsey Moore | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f31b7af72737fe390bb81e7c259f55ad?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f31b7af72737fe390bb81e7c259f55ad?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lmoore"
},
"kevinstark": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11608",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11608",
"found": true
},
"name": "Kevin Stark",
"firstName": "Kevin",
"lastName": "Stark",
"slug": "kevinstark",
"email": "kstark@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Senior Editor",
"bio": "Kevin is a senior editor for KQED Science, managing the station's health and climate desks. His journalism career began in the Pacific Northwest, and he later became a lead reporter for the San Francisco Public Press. His work has appeared in Pacific Standard magazine, the Energy News Network, the Center for Investigative Reporting's Reveal and WBEZ in Chicago. Kevin joined KQED in 2019, and has covered issues related to energy, wildfire, climate change and the environment.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "starkkev",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Kevin Stark | KQED",
"description": "Senior Editor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f646bf546a63d638e04ff23b52b0e79?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/kevinstark"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_news": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"score": 10.810634
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "News",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 121
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=news",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 121
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_1949677": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1949677",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949677",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571770079000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571770079,
"format": "standard",
"title": "For Berkeley Planners, Wildfire Is Matter of When, Not If",
"headTitle": "For Berkeley Planners, Wildfire Is Matter of When, Not If | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For city officials and many residents, a wildfire igniting in the hills is not a matter of “if” but “when.” Berkeley Fire Chief David Brannigan says wildfires hit every three decades or so “and the conditions haven’t changed” since the last big blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Oakland Hills Fire was 30 years ago,” Brannigan said. “We have a heavy, dense dry fuel load that can go off at any time. We have done some measures to reduce the risk but not enough to completely eliminate it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wildfire in the Berkeley Hills would endanger 10-15,000 residents, who would be forced to evacuate down century-old roads toward the firefighters’ defense line on Shattuck Avenue. Brannigan says the area is much like Paradise, California when it went up in flames in 2018. Helped by 40-knot winds, the Camp Fire in Paradise burned the equivalent of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/09/us/california-wildfires-superlatives-wcx/index.html\">football field every second\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Berkeley Vice Mayor Susan Wengraf is taking the unprecedented step of asking the city to prioritize wildfire prevention and safety. Her resolution, which passed the city council Tuesday night without discussion, will ensure the issue is reflected in city planning and “hopefully influence funding priorities in the future,” Wengraf said, “to clear dead vegetation, improve the safety of our pathways, and launch the Safe Passages program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A wildfire was always thought of as a ‘Hills problem,’ but it’s everybody’s problem,” Wengraf said. “If they lose their homes, where are they going to go?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of studies on the hills’ wildfire danger, the issues the city faces aren’t just known, they’re blatantly apparent. The area’s vegetation is like kindling when dried out and there’s lots of it. It needs to be cleared completely, but Brannigan says there hasn’t been enough funding for upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compounding the danger in the hills are its curvy, narrow roads. They’re difficult to navigate, especially for today’s emergency vehicles. Also, on many sections of road, a parked vehicle jutting out into the road could prevent an ambulance from reaching its destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>”Our emergency vehicles have difficulty accessing areas on a daily basis,” said Brannigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the studies came plans to address the issues in the hills; some are already in place. This fall the city starts its Safe Passages Program, which creates new fire lanes on blocks identified as being problematic for emergency vehicles. The program will prohibit cars from parking there, ensuring there’s enough space for an ambulance or fire truck to pass through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wengraf expects resistance to the expansion of no parking zones in the area. Despite the program proceeding slowly on just three streets (Alvarado, Bridge, and Vicente roads) and assurances that the program would maintain “\u003ca href=\"https://www.loridroste.com/october_4_2019\">some parking for the neighborhoods\u003c/a>,” residents are already warning Wengraf that they plan to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One woman on Tamalpais told me she’d lay down in the street and block our trucks,” said Wengraf. “Some people think they own the street in front of their houses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another battle is brewing over the plans to clear vegetation. Last month, the Claremont Canyon Conservancy published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.claremontcanyon.org/fuel-management-proposal\">wildfire fuel management plan\u003c/a> for the University of California, Berkeley. The school received funding to make its campus and the surrounding area safe in the event there’s a wildfire so the conservancy commissioned a plan from \u003ca href=\"https://ced.berkeley.edu/ced/faculty-staff/joe-mcbride\">Joe McBride\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus of landscape architecture and environmental planning. McBride’s been studying the fuel management in the Berkeley Hills since the early ‘70s and has written four reports on the subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fuel management is a high priority for the area,” said McBride. “Past fires like the 1923 Berkeley Fire started in wildland vegetation and burned into the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of McBride’s recommendations in his new plan is to replace the area’s eucalyptus trees and conifers with native vegetation and grass. McBride says trees release more energy during fires than grasses and tree fires are harder for firefighters to control — a claim Brannigan supports. The trees can also fall on roads and block evacuation routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the Oakland Hills fire in 1991, people died because one-way roads were blocked by trees,” said McBride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this plan also reignites the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/the-great-eucalyptus-debate/509069/\">Great Eucalyptus Debate\u003c/a>,” a battle that’s been going on for over a decade between the Claremont Canyon Conservancy and Hills Conservation Network, a collection of local residents who want to keep the trees. Network representative Dan Grassetti said McBride’s new proposal offers “no wildfire risk mitigation benefit” and “is yet another attempt by a small group of native plant fanatics to attempt to influence the University to do their bidding.” Grassetti said the network would be willing to fight this new plan in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grassetti, the president and CEO of the tech company \u003ca href=\"https://www.neutrinoblackbox.com/about-us\">Arboreal Systems\u003c/a>, defers to FEMA officials on fuel management. They agree that the tree canopy is good for the area, providing shade and other benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in better shape than Paradise because we have these forests. It’s wetter. The tall trees catch the fog and they drip water on the floor. That’s inherently safer than not having the overstory,” said Grassetti. “But if CCC gets its way, it will be more like Paradise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brannigan also agrees with the need to keep a tree canopy. His concern is ladder fuels, which are debris on the ground that could send fires up into the trees. He advocates for funding more inspections and maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People talk about species but we’re looking at our fire code and that’s about maintaining them,” said Brannigan. “Good maintenance of existing trees will go a long way to prevent the spread of a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that everyone who spoke to Berkeleyside agrees on is that responsibility ultimately falls on the shoulders of residents. While these issues are hashed out, Wengraf, Brannigan and others feel the best plan for residents to stay safe in a wildfire is to be proactive and stay out of the area when fire conditions are at their worst. Residents shouldn’t wait for evacuation orders to leave because by then, it could be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that the fire department is going to help you during a wildfire is a myth,” said Wengraf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the original post from Berkeleyside \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.com/2019/10/17/the-berkeley-hills-are-kindling-city-takes-steps-to-tackle-wildfire-dangers-safety-issues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1143,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 25
},
"modified": 1704848210,
"excerpt": "Berkeley passed a resolution last week to ensure the city prioritizes wildfire prevention. \r\n",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Berkeley passed a resolution last week to ensure the city prioritizes wildfire prevention. \r\n",
"title": "For Berkeley Planners, Wildfire Is Matter of When, Not If | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "For Berkeley Planners, Wildfire Is Matter of When, Not If",
"datePublished": "2019-10-22T11:47:59-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:56:50-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "for-berkeley-planners-wildfire-is-matter-of-when-not-if",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Kevin Jones\u003cbr/>Berkeleyside\u003cbr>",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Berkeleyside",
"path": "/science/1949677/for-berkeley-planners-wildfire-is-matter-of-when-not-if",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For city officials and many residents, a wildfire igniting in the hills is not a matter of “if” but “when.” Berkeley Fire Chief David Brannigan says wildfires hit every three decades or so “and the conditions haven’t changed” since the last big blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Oakland Hills Fire was 30 years ago,” Brannigan said. “We have a heavy, dense dry fuel load that can go off at any time. We have done some measures to reduce the risk but not enough to completely eliminate it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wildfire in the Berkeley Hills would endanger 10-15,000 residents, who would be forced to evacuate down century-old roads toward the firefighters’ defense line on Shattuck Avenue. Brannigan says the area is much like Paradise, California when it went up in flames in 2018. Helped by 40-knot winds, the Camp Fire in Paradise burned the equivalent of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/09/us/california-wildfires-superlatives-wcx/index.html\">football field every second\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Berkeley Vice Mayor Susan Wengraf is taking the unprecedented step of asking the city to prioritize wildfire prevention and safety. Her resolution, which passed the city council Tuesday night without discussion, will ensure the issue is reflected in city planning and “hopefully influence funding priorities in the future,” Wengraf said, “to clear dead vegetation, improve the safety of our pathways, and launch the Safe Passages program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A wildfire was always thought of as a ‘Hills problem,’ but it’s everybody’s problem,” Wengraf said. “If they lose their homes, where are they going to go?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of studies on the hills’ wildfire danger, the issues the city faces aren’t just known, they’re blatantly apparent. The area’s vegetation is like kindling when dried out and there’s lots of it. It needs to be cleared completely, but Brannigan says there hasn’t been enough funding for upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compounding the danger in the hills are its curvy, narrow roads. They’re difficult to navigate, especially for today’s emergency vehicles. Also, on many sections of road, a parked vehicle jutting out into the road could prevent an ambulance from reaching its destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>”Our emergency vehicles have difficulty accessing areas on a daily basis,” said Brannigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the studies came plans to address the issues in the hills; some are already in place. This fall the city starts its Safe Passages Program, which creates new fire lanes on blocks identified as being problematic for emergency vehicles. The program will prohibit cars from parking there, ensuring there’s enough space for an ambulance or fire truck to pass through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wengraf expects resistance to the expansion of no parking zones in the area. Despite the program proceeding slowly on just three streets (Alvarado, Bridge, and Vicente roads) and assurances that the program would maintain “\u003ca href=\"https://www.loridroste.com/october_4_2019\">some parking for the neighborhoods\u003c/a>,” residents are already warning Wengraf that they plan to fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One woman on Tamalpais told me she’d lay down in the street and block our trucks,” said Wengraf. “Some people think they own the street in front of their houses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another battle is brewing over the plans to clear vegetation. Last month, the Claremont Canyon Conservancy published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.claremontcanyon.org/fuel-management-proposal\">wildfire fuel management plan\u003c/a> for the University of California, Berkeley. The school received funding to make its campus and the surrounding area safe in the event there’s a wildfire so the conservancy commissioned a plan from \u003ca href=\"https://ced.berkeley.edu/ced/faculty-staff/joe-mcbride\">Joe McBride\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus of landscape architecture and environmental planning. McBride’s been studying the fuel management in the Berkeley Hills since the early ‘70s and has written four reports on the subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fuel management is a high priority for the area,” said McBride. “Past fires like the 1923 Berkeley Fire started in wildland vegetation and burned into the city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first of McBride’s recommendations in his new plan is to replace the area’s eucalyptus trees and conifers with native vegetation and grass. McBride says trees release more energy during fires than grasses and tree fires are harder for firefighters to control — a claim Brannigan supports. The trees can also fall on roads and block evacuation routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During the Oakland Hills fire in 1991, people died because one-way roads were blocked by trees,” said McBride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this plan also reignites the “\u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/the-great-eucalyptus-debate/509069/\">Great Eucalyptus Debate\u003c/a>,” a battle that’s been going on for over a decade between the Claremont Canyon Conservancy and Hills Conservation Network, a collection of local residents who want to keep the trees. Network representative Dan Grassetti said McBride’s new proposal offers “no wildfire risk mitigation benefit” and “is yet another attempt by a small group of native plant fanatics to attempt to influence the University to do their bidding.” Grassetti said the network would be willing to fight this new plan in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grassetti, the president and CEO of the tech company \u003ca href=\"https://www.neutrinoblackbox.com/about-us\">Arboreal Systems\u003c/a>, defers to FEMA officials on fuel management. They agree that the tree canopy is good for the area, providing shade and other benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in better shape than Paradise because we have these forests. It’s wetter. The tall trees catch the fog and they drip water on the floor. That’s inherently safer than not having the overstory,” said Grassetti. “But if CCC gets its way, it will be more like Paradise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brannigan also agrees with the need to keep a tree canopy. His concern is ladder fuels, which are debris on the ground that could send fires up into the trees. He advocates for funding more inspections and maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People talk about species but we’re looking at our fire code and that’s about maintaining them,” said Brannigan. “Good maintenance of existing trees will go a long way to prevent the spread of a wildfire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing that everyone who spoke to Berkeleyside agrees on is that responsibility ultimately falls on the shoulders of residents. While these issues are hashed out, Wengraf, Brannigan and others feel the best plan for residents to stay safe in a wildfire is to be proactive and stay out of the area when fire conditions are at their worst. Residents shouldn’t wait for evacuation orders to leave because by then, it could be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea that the fire department is going to help you during a wildfire is a myth,” said Wengraf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the original post from Berkeleyside \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.com/2019/10/17/the-berkeley-hills-are-kindling-city-takes-steps-to-tackle-wildfire-dangers-safety-issues\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1949677/for-berkeley-planners-wildfire-is-matter-of-when-not-if",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1949677"
],
"categories": [
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_3730"
],
"tags": [
"science_1665",
"science_113"
],
"featImg": "science_1949682",
"label": "source_science_1949677"
},
"science_1949697": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1949697",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949697",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571765505000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571765505,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Trump Water Rules Erode Protection for Endangered Salmon",
"headTitle": "Trump Water Rules Erode Protection for Endangered Salmon | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump Administration announced today that its new water plan would not kill off endangered salmon, contradicting federal biologists who found the plan would drive endangered salmon closer to extinction.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Administration has been promising Central Valley farmers more water, but would not say in a press conference today whether the new plan will deliver on that campaign promise. Ernest Conant, regional director for the Bureau of Reclamation, says the plan will have to be in place for awhile before he could say whether it will give more water to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could very well in certain years decrease it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The administration’s new water rules \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">control irrigation for millions of acres of farmland in the country’s biggest agricultural economy, drinking water for two-thirds of Californians from Silicon Valley to San Diego, and the fate of endangered salmon and other fish.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">An analysis completed by NOAA Fisheries biologists in July found the administration’s plan jeopardized the future of endangered fish. Under federal law, the biologists are then required to \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">put limits on it, like restricting how much water can be pumped to farms from the state’s rivers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead, the administration removed those biologists from the project and brought in other staff to rewrite their decision. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’ve been able to create a much smarter approach that focuses on real-time management,” said Paul Souza, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Southwest regional director. “Our commitment is that we will be as or more protective than we have been in the last 10 years.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The water pumping rules are integral to the majority of California, since they govern a crucial water source: the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The water is also crucial to the survival of endangered salmon and threatened delta smelt, whose numbers have plummeted. Chinook salmon have lost as much as 90 percent of their historic river spawning grounds due to dam construction. As their numbers have gone down, so have endangered killer whales in the Pacific, which feed on the salmon while the fish are at sea.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The administration’s latest plan creates new hatcheries to breed fish and relies on real-time monitoring to track the location of threatened fish. Administration officials say they plan to slow pumping when fish are nearby. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmental and fishing groups say the decision is scientifically unsound and shows political interference. Prior to becoming Interior Department secretary, David Bernhardt was a lobbyist for Westlands Water District, a major agricultural district in the Central Valley. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The servile Interior Department has hijacked and subverted the scientific process,” said Noah Oppenheim, executive director of the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations in a statement. “Fishing jobs are being sacrificed to benefit the corporate agriculture lobby, pure and simple.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What are these water rules?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The rules, known as “biological opinions,” generally have put environmental safeguards on the vast network of dams and pumping plants in California. At least two-thirds of Californians use water from this system, which goes through the delta. But it’s also meant dramatically altering the ecosystem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since salmon are born in rivers and migrate through the delta to reach the ocean, the rules have generally done two things. First, they slow speed of the massive pumps in the south delta, in order to protect fish from being drawn into the pumps. Second, they ensure salmon eggs in the Sacramento River aren’t killed by hot temperatures — that requires conserving water behind Shasta Dam so it can be released in the summer to keep the river cool.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Central Valley politicians and agricultural interests have long fought these rules, which reduce their water supply in some years. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When the Bureau of Reclamation, which delivers water to the Central Valley, proposed pumping more water from delta, it then fell to federal wildlife agencies to review that decision and write up what are called biological opinions. The agencies must put limits on the water pumping if they find the rules would harm endangered species. In this case, NOAA biologists did find that, but before their biological opinions were released in July, the Trump administration replaced the biologists with new staff to redo the analysis.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Fast-Tracking the Science\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2018, President Trump ordered that the water rules be written faster than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will have it done very, very quickly,” Trump said to members of the California GOP congressional delegation last October, as he signed an executive order. “I hope you enjoy the water that you’re going to have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to emails obtained last winter by KQED, NOAA Fisheries scientists were concerned they didn’t have the resources to analyze the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, those scientists found that the increased water pumping would “jeopardize” the existence of salmon and other species. Before that document was released, the Trump Administration brought in a new team of federal attorneys and decision makers to work on the rules, removing the biologists who had previously worked on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the version released today, the Trump Administration found their plan would not jeopardize the existence of salmon or delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Are the Changes in the New Plan?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration says it will run its water-pumping operations based on real-time monitoring of fish populations, slowing pumping to avoid harming them when they’re near water infrastructure. Because of that, it can’t say how much water will reach farmers in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’ll be some time before we operate in this new plan and be in a position to actually determine definitively whether and to what extent the new plan actually increases water supply,” said Ernest Conant, regional director for the Bureau of Reclamation. “It could very well in certain years decrease it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say monitoring the fish provides an inadequate look at where they are, because it’s difficult to track them when there are so few left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new biological opinions eliminate the existing guardrails that limit real-time pumping, and simultaneously increase the number of salmon and other endangered species that can be killed,” said Doug Obegi of the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration says it will also share the cost for $1.5 billion in restoration and habitat projects. It plans to support a hatchery to breed delta smelt, a species on the brink of extinction and restore creeks vital to salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s next?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules could go into effect early next year, affecting the water deliveries for cities and farms during the spring and summer. But fishing and environmental groups are likely to sue, charging the rules don’t go far enough to avoid extinction of endangered species. Depending on what a judge decides, the rules could be tied up in court for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1185,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 33
},
"modified": 1704848213,
"excerpt": "An analysis completed by NOAA Fisheries biologists in July found the administration’s plan jeopardized the future of endangered fish, but the administration removed those biologists and brought in new staff to rewrite the decision. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "An analysis completed by NOAA Fisheries biologists in July found the administration’s plan jeopardized the future of endangered fish, but the administration removed those biologists and brought in new staff to rewrite the decision. ",
"title": "Trump Water Rules Erode Protection for Endangered Salmon | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Trump Water Rules Erode Protection for Endangered Salmon",
"datePublished": "2019-10-22T10:31:45-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:56:53-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "trump-water-rules-erode-protection-for-endangered-salmon",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2019/10/SommerWaterRules1.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 127,
"source": "Water Policy",
"path": "/science/1949697/trump-water-rules-erode-protection-for-endangered-salmon",
"audioDuration": 87000,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump Administration announced today that its new water plan would not kill off endangered salmon, contradicting federal biologists who found the plan would drive endangered salmon closer to extinction.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Administration has been promising Central Valley farmers more water, but would not say in a press conference today whether the new plan will deliver on that campaign promise. Ernest Conant, regional director for the Bureau of Reclamation, says the plan will have to be in place for awhile before he could say whether it will give more water to farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could very well in certain years decrease it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The administration’s new water rules \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">control irrigation for millions of acres of farmland in the country’s biggest agricultural economy, drinking water for two-thirds of Californians from Silicon Valley to San Diego, and the fate of endangered salmon and other fish.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">An analysis completed by NOAA Fisheries biologists in July found the administration’s plan jeopardized the future of endangered fish. Under federal law, the biologists are then required to \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">put limits on it, like restricting how much water can be pumped to farms from the state’s rivers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead, the administration removed those biologists from the project and brought in other staff to rewrite their decision. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We’ve been able to create a much smarter approach that focuses on real-time management,” said Paul Souza, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Southwest regional director. “Our commitment is that we will be as or more protective than we have been in the last 10 years.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The water pumping rules are integral to the majority of California, since they govern a crucial water source: the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The water is also crucial to the survival of endangered salmon and threatened delta smelt, whose numbers have plummeted. Chinook salmon have lost as much as 90 percent of their historic river spawning grounds due to dam construction. As their numbers have gone down, so have endangered killer whales in the Pacific, which feed on the salmon while the fish are at sea.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The administration’s latest plan creates new hatcheries to breed fish and relies on real-time monitoring to track the location of threatened fish. Administration officials say they plan to slow pumping when fish are nearby. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmental and fishing groups say the decision is scientifically unsound and shows political interference. Prior to becoming Interior Department secretary, David Bernhardt was a lobbyist for Westlands Water District, a major agricultural district in the Central Valley. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The servile Interior Department has hijacked and subverted the scientific process,” said Noah Oppenheim, executive director of the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations in a statement. “Fishing jobs are being sacrificed to benefit the corporate agriculture lobby, pure and simple.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What are these water rules?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The rules, known as “biological opinions,” generally have put environmental safeguards on the vast network of dams and pumping plants in California. At least two-thirds of Californians use water from this system, which goes through the delta. But it’s also meant dramatically altering the ecosystem.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since salmon are born in rivers and migrate through the delta to reach the ocean, the rules have generally done two things. First, they slow speed of the massive pumps in the south delta, in order to protect fish from being drawn into the pumps. Second, they ensure salmon eggs in the Sacramento River aren’t killed by hot temperatures — that requires conserving water behind Shasta Dam so it can be released in the summer to keep the river cool.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Central Valley politicians and agricultural interests have long fought these rules, which reduce their water supply in some years. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When the Bureau of Reclamation, which delivers water to the Central Valley, proposed pumping more water from delta, it then fell to federal wildlife agencies to review that decision and write up what are called biological opinions. The agencies must put limits on the water pumping if they find the rules would harm endangered species. In this case, NOAA biologists did find that, but before their biological opinions were released in July, the Trump administration replaced the biologists with new staff to redo the analysis.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Fast-Tracking the Science\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2018, President Trump ordered that the water rules be written faster than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will have it done very, very quickly,” Trump said to members of the California GOP congressional delegation last October, as he signed an executive order. “I hope you enjoy the water that you’re going to have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to emails obtained last winter by KQED, NOAA Fisheries scientists were concerned they didn’t have the resources to analyze the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July, those scientists found that the increased water pumping would “jeopardize” the existence of salmon and other species. Before that document was released, the Trump Administration brought in a new team of federal attorneys and decision makers to work on the rules, removing the biologists who had previously worked on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the version released today, the Trump Administration found their plan would not jeopardize the existence of salmon or delta smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What Are the Changes in the New Plan?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration says it will run its water-pumping operations based on real-time monitoring of fish populations, slowing pumping to avoid harming them when they’re near water infrastructure. Because of that, it can’t say how much water will reach farmers in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’ll be some time before we operate in this new plan and be in a position to actually determine definitively whether and to what extent the new plan actually increases water supply,” said Ernest Conant, regional director for the Bureau of Reclamation. “It could very well in certain years decrease it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say monitoring the fish provides an inadequate look at where they are, because it’s difficult to track them when there are so few left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new biological opinions eliminate the existing guardrails that limit real-time pumping, and simultaneously increase the number of salmon and other endangered species that can be killed,” said Doug Obegi of the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration says it will also share the cost for $1.5 billion in restoration and habitat projects. It plans to support a hatchery to breed delta smelt, a species on the brink of extinction and restore creeks vital to salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s next?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules could go into effect early next year, affecting the water deliveries for cities and farms during the spring and summer. But fishing and environmental groups are likely to sue, charging the rules don’t go far enough to avoid extinction of endangered species. Depending on what a judge decides, the rules could be tied up in court for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1949697/trump-water-rules-erode-protection-for-endangered-salmon",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"featImg": "science_1944296",
"label": "source_science_1949697"
},
"science_1949656": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1949656",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949656",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571727677000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571727677,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Exxon's Trial Begins in New York Climate Fraud Case",
"headTitle": "Exxon’s Trial Begins in New York Climate Fraud Case | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Neq_CwpkPvsGmMG7hVOy7A?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pD-rCxklQwf1V61yTviMEq?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 2013, ExxonMobil faced increasing pressure from investors to disclose more about the risks the company faced as governments began limiting greenhouse gas emissions. Of the many costs climate change will impose, oil companies face a particularly acute one: the demand for their product will have to shrink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, Exxon had been using something called a proxy cost of carbon to estimate what stricter climate policies might mean for its bottom line. But as pressure from shareholders grew, a problem came sharply into focus: An\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/puqHCQWOVBT6krMGTPuk1D?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> internal presentation warned\u003c/a> top executives that the way the company had been applying this proxy cost was potentially misleading. That’s because Exxon didn’t have one projected cost of carbon. It had two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contents of that presentation are at the heart of a trial set to start next week in a civil case brought against the company by the New York attorney general. Exxon is accused of disclosing one set of these projected carbon costs while planners used an entirely different set internally for evaluating investments. The public set projected that climate policies would be more stringent, while the internal one assumed more modest attempts to limit emissions. The effect of using these dueling estimates,\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/BqoDCR6LWDurvBj9hPnMtP?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the attorney general says\u003c/a>, was that Exxon hid tens of billions of dollars in potential costs, downplaying the risk to investors and inflating the company’s value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the company is found guilty of defrauding stockholders, it could face substantial penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Exxon has denied wrongdoing, it does not dispute the core fact of the case: that for years it disclosed a proxy cost that was higher than what it applied to its investment evaluations. Its lawyers have argued these different sets of figures did not mislead investors. But this only highlights another side of the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The energy Exxon produces today is more polluting, according to the attorney general’s complaint, because the company took the potential costs of climate change less seriously than it represented to investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applying a lower estimate for carbon costs made high-polluting projects look more attractive, and it undermined the investment case for any project that would reduce emissions. Nowhere is this clearer than in Canada’s oil sands, a vast expanse of low-grade hydrocarbons that now make up about 30 percent of Exxon’s oil reserves, far more than any of its peer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oil sands tick all the boxes when it comes to a carbon-risky asset,” \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949663 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/ExxonTarSandsReserves529px.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/ExxonTarSandsReserves529px.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/ExxonTarSandsReserves529px-160x171.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">said Andrew Logan, who runs the oil and gas program at Ceres, a sustainable investment advocacy group. Because they require enormous amounts of energy to exploit, the oil sands are among the world’s most expensive and carbon-polluting sources of oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The oil sands are this very concrete, specific example—and very big example—of the kind of asset you wouldn’t invest in,” he said, “if you actually believed the rhetoric of Exxon and others about climate risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the trial may prove to be about much more than Exxon’s risky investments. Climate change has abruptly shifted in the public consciousness from a future threat to a present danger. In the United States alone, more than a dozen local and state governments\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/DwLFCVON1KClx9NrfJ36zu?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> have sued energy companies\u003c/a> seeking damages. Exxon is a defendant in many of these cases, and the New York attorney general’s case would be the first to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story behind the trial begins in the 1990s, when Lee Raymond took control of Exxon as chief executive. State-owned energy companies were on the rise, and while Exxon was still a giant in the industry, it was struggling to replace the oil it pumped each year. At least through this lens, Exxon was shrinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon enough, Raymond began boasting the opposite—that the company was actually increasing its reserves, as Steve Coll details in his history of Exxon, Private Empire, thanks to new investments in an obscure resource in Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil sands, or tar sands, lie beneath a swath of northern Alberta about the size of New York State. They are a viscous mix of sand and bitumen that’s generally strip-mined and then heated and treated to produce an oil that can be refined into fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as Exxon was increasing its stakes in the oil sands, it was also confronting what a carbon-constrained future might look like. In its 2010 Outlook for Energy report, Exxon projected carbon prices would reach $60 per ton in 2030. But it turns out that, at the time, Exxon had a second estimate for carbon pricing—it called this one a “greenhouse gas cost” rather than a proxy cost—which company strategists used to evaluate investments and which was not disclosed publicly. This internal greenhouse gas cost estimate did not rise above $40 per ton, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2011 email exchange cited in the lawsuit, Robert Bailes, the company’s greenhouse gas manager,\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/JRmwCW682Xuj5GR7CmCAGj?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> proposed aligning the two cost estimates\u003c/a> by using the higher set of figures only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rex has seemed happy with the difference previously,” replied Tom Eizember, a planning manager, referring to then-chief executive Rex Tillerson. Apparently, he wrote, Tillerson liked that the lower greenhouse gas costs didn’t give as much incentive to invest in efforts to cut emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a June deposition, Tillerson said\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/KgUJCXDM32FnX0Vvh9-hVU?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> he didn’t recall discussing\u003c/a> the issue with Eizember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in 2011, the complaint says, an internal presentation by Exxon’s vice president of environmental policy and planning warned that high carbon costs would present a “major concern” for energy-intensive operations like oil sands, which would be “vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until 2014, after management was given \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/puqHCQWOVBT6krMGTPuk1D?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the presentation about the potentially misleading\u003c/a> internal carbon cost, however, that executives ordered that the lower greenhouse gas cost be revised to match the proxy cost contained in the Outlook reports. (In a\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/t50ZCYEM4Nt3LOERs3hYYc?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pre-trial memorandum\u003c/a>, Exxon asserts that it aligned the costs in response to shifting climate policies.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, New York prosecutors working for then-Attorney General Eric Schneiderman issued their first subpoenas, provoked by investigative reports\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/a2dUCZ6W5NuM52rZhNVO2k?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> published by InsideClimate News\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/B-3oC1w95PSpM52yImplIX?domain=graphics.latimes.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>. A tumbling oil market abruptly halted new investment in Canada’s tar sands, but Exxon had already spent $33 billion on a new project there, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general’s allegations go beyond Alberta, too. The complaint says Exxon understated greenhouse gas costs at operations around the world, including natural gas assets in the U.S., a refinery in Belgium and a liquid natural gas terminal in Cyprus. All told, the attorney general claims, these practices cost investors as much as $1.6 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exxon declined to comment for this article. But the company has asserted in filings that it was appropriate to use different estimates. It’s public facing proxy cost, it said, was used to estimate global demand for fossil fuels and reflected a collection of policies Exxon expected to see enacted internationally. While this would affect how much oil Exxon would sell, it wouldn’t necessarily reflect the direct costs at company projects scattered around the globe. Instead, the internal “greenhouse gas costs” were meant to estimate these direct costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to prevail, prosecutors do not have to prove that Exxon executives intentionally misled investors. But they will have to show that the company’s policies had a “material” effect on its stock price, said David Shapiro, a financial crimes specialist at John Jay College of Criminal Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The devil is in the details,” he said. “Conceptually they have a great case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exxon’s stock is still widely held by investment giants like Vanguard, and most Wall Street analysts give it a hold rating, rather than buy or sell. But these financial trends have led some of the industry’s critics to warn that the company is facing a reckoning.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1393,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 28
},
"modified": 1704848216,
"excerpt": "The New York attorney general says Exxon used two sets of books and misled investors by downplaying the potential costs of carbon emissions.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The New York attorney general says Exxon used two sets of books and misled investors by downplaying the potential costs of carbon emissions.",
"title": "Exxon's Trial Begins in New York Climate Fraud Case | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Exxon's Trial Begins in New York Climate Fraud Case",
"datePublished": "2019-10-22T00:01:17-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:56:56-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "exxons-trial-begins-in-new-york-climate-fraud-case",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Nicholas Kusnetz \u003cbr/>InsideClimate News\u003cbr>",
"sticky": false,
"source": "InsideClimate News",
"path": "/science/1949656/exxons-trial-begins-in-new-york-climate-fraud-case",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/Neq_CwpkPvsGmMG7hVOy7A?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">InsideClimate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/pD-rCxklQwf1V61yTviMEq?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 2013, ExxonMobil faced increasing pressure from investors to disclose more about the risks the company faced as governments began limiting greenhouse gas emissions. Of the many costs climate change will impose, oil companies face a particularly acute one: the demand for their product will have to shrink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, Exxon had been using something called a proxy cost of carbon to estimate what stricter climate policies might mean for its bottom line. But as pressure from shareholders grew, a problem came sharply into focus: An\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/puqHCQWOVBT6krMGTPuk1D?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> internal presentation warned\u003c/a> top executives that the way the company had been applying this proxy cost was potentially misleading. That’s because Exxon didn’t have one projected cost of carbon. It had two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contents of that presentation are at the heart of a trial set to start next week in a civil case brought against the company by the New York attorney general. Exxon is accused of disclosing one set of these projected carbon costs while planners used an entirely different set internally for evaluating investments. The public set projected that climate policies would be more stringent, while the internal one assumed more modest attempts to limit emissions. The effect of using these dueling estimates,\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/BqoDCR6LWDurvBj9hPnMtP?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the attorney general says\u003c/a>, was that Exxon hid tens of billions of dollars in potential costs, downplaying the risk to investors and inflating the company’s value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the company is found guilty of defrauding stockholders, it could face substantial penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Exxon has denied wrongdoing, it does not dispute the core fact of the case: that for years it disclosed a proxy cost that was higher than what it applied to its investment evaluations. Its lawyers have argued these different sets of figures did not mislead investors. But this only highlights another side of the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The energy Exxon produces today is more polluting, according to the attorney general’s complaint, because the company took the potential costs of climate change less seriously than it represented to investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applying a lower estimate for carbon costs made high-polluting projects look more attractive, and it undermined the investment case for any project that would reduce emissions. Nowhere is this clearer than in Canada’s oil sands, a vast expanse of low-grade hydrocarbons that now make up about 30 percent of Exxon’s oil reserves, far more than any of its peer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oil sands tick all the boxes when it comes to a carbon-risky asset,” \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1949663 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/ExxonTarSandsReserves529px.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/ExxonTarSandsReserves529px.png 529w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/ExxonTarSandsReserves529px-160x171.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 529px) 100vw, 529px\">said Andrew Logan, who runs the oil and gas program at Ceres, a sustainable investment advocacy group. Because they require enormous amounts of energy to exploit, the oil sands are among the world’s most expensive and carbon-polluting sources of oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The oil sands are this very concrete, specific example—and very big example—of the kind of asset you wouldn’t invest in,” he said, “if you actually believed the rhetoric of Exxon and others about climate risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the trial may prove to be about much more than Exxon’s risky investments. Climate change has abruptly shifted in the public consciousness from a future threat to a present danger. In the United States alone, more than a dozen local and state governments\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/DwLFCVON1KClx9NrfJ36zu?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> have sued energy companies\u003c/a> seeking damages. Exxon is a defendant in many of these cases, and the New York attorney general’s case would be the first to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story behind the trial begins in the 1990s, when Lee Raymond took control of Exxon as chief executive. State-owned energy companies were on the rise, and while Exxon was still a giant in the industry, it was struggling to replace the oil it pumped each year. At least through this lens, Exxon was shrinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon enough, Raymond began boasting the opposite—that the company was actually increasing its reserves, as Steve Coll details in his history of Exxon, Private Empire, thanks to new investments in an obscure resource in Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil sands, or tar sands, lie beneath a swath of northern Alberta about the size of New York State. They are a viscous mix of sand and bitumen that’s generally strip-mined and then heated and treated to produce an oil that can be refined into fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as Exxon was increasing its stakes in the oil sands, it was also confronting what a carbon-constrained future might look like. In its 2010 Outlook for Energy report, Exxon projected carbon prices would reach $60 per ton in 2030. But it turns out that, at the time, Exxon had a second estimate for carbon pricing—it called this one a “greenhouse gas cost” rather than a proxy cost—which company strategists used to evaluate investments and which was not disclosed publicly. This internal greenhouse gas cost estimate did not rise above $40 per ton, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2011 email exchange cited in the lawsuit, Robert Bailes, the company’s greenhouse gas manager,\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/JRmwCW682Xuj5GR7CmCAGj?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> proposed aligning the two cost estimates\u003c/a> by using the higher set of figures only.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rex has seemed happy with the difference previously,” replied Tom Eizember, a planning manager, referring to then-chief executive Rex Tillerson. Apparently, he wrote, Tillerson liked that the lower greenhouse gas costs didn’t give as much incentive to invest in efforts to cut emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a June deposition, Tillerson said\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/KgUJCXDM32FnX0Vvh9-hVU?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> he didn’t recall discussing\u003c/a> the issue with Eizember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in 2011, the complaint says, an internal presentation by Exxon’s vice president of environmental policy and planning warned that high carbon costs would present a “major concern” for energy-intensive operations like oil sands, which would be “vulnerable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until 2014, after management was given \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/puqHCQWOVBT6krMGTPuk1D?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the presentation about the potentially misleading\u003c/a> internal carbon cost, however, that executives ordered that the lower greenhouse gas cost be revised to match the proxy cost contained in the Outlook reports. (In a\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/t50ZCYEM4Nt3LOERs3hYYc?domain=documentcloud.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> pre-trial memorandum\u003c/a>, Exxon asserts that it aligned the costs in response to shifting climate policies.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, New York prosecutors working for then-Attorney General Eric Schneiderman issued their first subpoenas, provoked by investigative reports\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/a2dUCZ6W5NuM52rZhNVO2k?domain=insideclimatenews.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> published by InsideClimate News\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/B-3oC1w95PSpM52yImplIX?domain=graphics.latimes.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>. A tumbling oil market abruptly halted new investment in Canada’s tar sands, but Exxon had already spent $33 billion on a new project there, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general’s allegations go beyond Alberta, too. The complaint says Exxon understated greenhouse gas costs at operations around the world, including natural gas assets in the U.S., a refinery in Belgium and a liquid natural gas terminal in Cyprus. All told, the attorney general claims, these practices cost investors as much as $1.6 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exxon declined to comment for this article. But the company has asserted in filings that it was appropriate to use different estimates. It’s public facing proxy cost, it said, was used to estimate global demand for fossil fuels and reflected a collection of policies Exxon expected to see enacted internationally. While this would affect how much oil Exxon would sell, it wouldn’t necessarily reflect the direct costs at company projects scattered around the globe. Instead, the internal “greenhouse gas costs” were meant to estimate these direct costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to prevail, prosecutors do not have to prove that Exxon executives intentionally misled investors. But they will have to show that the company’s policies had a “material” effect on its stock price, said David Shapiro, a financial crimes specialist at John Jay College of Criminal Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The devil is in the details,” he said. “Conceptually they have a great case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exxon’s stock is still widely held by investment giants like Vanguard, and most Wall Street analysts give it a hold rating, rather than buy or sell. But these financial trends have led some of the industry’s critics to warn that the company is facing a reckoning.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1949656/exxons-trial-begins-in-new-york-climate-fraud-case",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1949656"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_4122"
],
"featImg": "science_1949666",
"label": "source_science_1949656"
},
"science_1949619": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1949619",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949619",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571683799000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571683799,
"format": "standard",
"title": "'Many-Headed Slime' Gets Its Own Exhibit at Paris Zoo",
"headTitle": "‘Many-Headed Slime’ Gets Its Own Exhibit at Paris Zoo | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A brainless, bright-yellow organism that can solve mazes and heal itself is making its debut at a Paris zoo this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least so far, “the blob” is more benevolent than the ravenous star of its 1950s sci-fi film classic namesake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parczoologiquedeparis.fr/en/media-video/4092\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Time-lapsed videos\u003c/a> of the blob show a slimy organism rapidly multiplying in size. How fast exactly? The blob can sprint about \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/zoodeparis/status/1182661446750167041?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">four centimeters per hour\u003c/a>, according to the Paris Zoological Park\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blob is neither animal, nor plant. And although \u003cem>Physarum polycephalum\u003c/em> — Latin for “many-headed slime” — is classified as a type of slime mold, scientists now consider the creature unrelated to fungi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This species has been around for as many as 1 billion years, but its mysterious nature has attracted new fame thanks to the unveiling on Saturday of an exhibit dedicated to the single-cell organism at the Paris zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite having no mouth or stomach, the blob can detect and digest food. Oats, in particular, are a blob delicacy. It also boasts more than 700 different sexual types, a reproductive strategy to prevent the organisms from mating with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slime mold, which lacks a nervous system, is capable of advanced decision-making, learning and long-term memory storage, according to Audrey Dussutour, who studies unicellular organisms with the French National Center for Scientific Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can find its way through a maze, it can construct efficient transport networks, sometimes better than us, actually,” Dussutour said in an interview with NPR’s \u003cem>Weekend Edition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2010/01/ride-slime-mold-express\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one remarkable experiment\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, researchers in Japan found that a slime mold managed to configure itself into a near-replica of the meticulously designed Tokyo rail system when introduced with an oat-flake model of Tokyo and its surrounding metropolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cut the blob into two, and it can regenerate itself within two minutes,\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/zoodeparis/status/1183667598472466432?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> according to the zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through fusion, two blobs with the same genetic makeup can merge into one organism, and share their respective knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its enemies include light, drought, salt and caffeine. But, Dussutour said, “If you train a slime mold to ignore caffeine for example, it can transfer this knowledge to another clone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Will Jarvis and Melissa Gray produced and edited the audio version of the story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 394,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1704848218,
"excerpt": "Is it an animal? A type of fungi? No, it's \"the blob.\" The amorphous \"slime mold\" may not have a nervous system, but it's the star of a new exhibit at the Paris zoo.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Is it an animal? A type of fungi? No, it's "the blob." The amorphous "slime mold" may not have a nervous system, but it's the star of a new exhibit at the Paris zoo.",
"title": "'Many-Headed Slime' Gets Its Own Exhibit at Paris Zoo | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "'Many-Headed Slime' Gets Its Own Exhibit at Paris Zoo",
"datePublished": "2019-10-21T11:49:59-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:56:58-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "many-headed-slime-gets-its-own-exhibit-at-paris-zoo",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=771285312&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Scott Simon\u003c/br>Emma Bowman\u003c/br>NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Sun, 20 Oct 2019 08:00:18 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Sun, 20 Oct 2019 10:57:01 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/2019/10/20/771285312/the-blob-a-smart-yet-brainless-organism-fit-for-sci-fi-gets-its-own-exhibit?ft=nprml&f=771285312",
"nprImageAgency": "AFP via Getty Images",
"nprImageCredit": "Stephane De Sakutin",
"source": "animals",
"nprStoryId": "771285312",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Sun, 20 Oct 2019 10:57:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1949619/many-headed-slime-gets-its-own-exhibit-at-paris-zoo",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A brainless, bright-yellow organism that can solve mazes and heal itself is making its debut at a Paris zoo this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least so far, “the blob” is more benevolent than the ravenous star of its 1950s sci-fi film classic namesake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.parczoologiquedeparis.fr/en/media-video/4092\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Time-lapsed videos\u003c/a> of the blob show a slimy organism rapidly multiplying in size. How fast exactly? The blob can sprint about \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/zoodeparis/status/1182661446750167041?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">four centimeters per hour\u003c/a>, according to the Paris Zoological Park\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blob is neither animal, nor plant. And although \u003cem>Physarum polycephalum\u003c/em> — Latin for “many-headed slime” — is classified as a type of slime mold, scientists now consider the creature unrelated to fungi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This species has been around for as many as 1 billion years, but its mysterious nature has attracted new fame thanks to the unveiling on Saturday of an exhibit dedicated to the single-cell organism at the Paris zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite having no mouth or stomach, the blob can detect and digest food. Oats, in particular, are a blob delicacy. It also boasts more than 700 different sexual types, a reproductive strategy to prevent the organisms from mating with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slime mold, which lacks a nervous system, is capable of advanced decision-making, learning and long-term memory storage, according to Audrey Dussutour, who studies unicellular organisms with the French National Center for Scientific Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It can find its way through a maze, it can construct efficient transport networks, sometimes better than us, actually,” Dussutour said in an interview with NPR’s \u003cem>Weekend Edition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2010/01/ride-slime-mold-express\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one remarkable experiment\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, researchers in Japan found that a slime mold managed to configure itself into a near-replica of the meticulously designed Tokyo rail system when introduced with an oat-flake model of Tokyo and its surrounding metropolis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cut the blob into two, and it can regenerate itself within two minutes,\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/zoodeparis/status/1183667598472466432?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> according to the zoo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through fusion, two blobs with the same genetic makeup can merge into one organism, and share their respective knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its enemies include light, drought, salt and caffeine. But, Dussutour said, “If you train a slime mold to ignore caffeine for example, it can transfer this knowledge to another clone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Will Jarvis and Melissa Gray produced and edited the audio version of the story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1949619/many-headed-slime-gets-its-own-exhibit-at-paris-zoo",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1949619"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_30",
"science_32",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_16",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_2544",
"science_3838"
],
"featImg": "science_1949620",
"label": "source_science_1949619"
},
"science_1949607": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1949607",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949607",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571680539000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571680539,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Link Between High Blood Sugar and Alzheimer's Is Bolstered by New Research in Mice",
"headTitle": "Link Between High Blood Sugar and Alzheimer’s Is Bolstered by New Research in Mice | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Brain scientists are offering a new reason to control blood sugar levels: It might help lower your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s many reasons to get [blood sugar] under control,” says \u003ca href=\"https://neuro.wustl.edu/labs/holtzman_d/Lab-Home/Dr-Holtzman-Bio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Holtzman\u003c/a>, chairman of neurology at Washington University in St. Louis. “But this is certainly one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtzman moderated a panel Sunday at the Society for Neuroscience \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfn.org/meetings/neuroscience-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meeting\u003c/a> in Chicago that featured new research exploring the links between Alzheimer’s and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The risk for dementia is elevated about twofold in people who have diabetes or \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">metabolic syndrome\u003c/a> (a group of risk factors that often precedes diabetes),” Holtzman says. “But what’s not been clear is what’s the connection?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility involves the way the brain metabolizes sugar, says \u003ca href=\"https://pharmtox.ku.edu/people/liqin-zhao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Liqin Zhao\u003c/a>, an associate professor in the school of pharmacy at the University of Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhao wanted to know why people whose bodies produce\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4829000/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a protein called ApoE2\u003c/a> are less likely to get Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research has shown that these people are less likely to develop the sticky plaques in the brain associated with the disease. But Zhao looked at how ApoE2 affects glycolysis, a part of the process that allows brain cells to turn sugar into energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her research found that glycolysis helps brain cells communicate and get rid of toxins associated with Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she gave ApoE2 to mice that develop a form of Alzheimer’s. And sure enough, Zhao says, the substance not only improved energy production in brain cells, it made the cells healthier overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this together increased the brain’s resilience against Alzheimer’s disease,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another scientist described how mice fed a diet that includes lots of fat and sugar were more likely to develop both diabetes and memory impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The diet caused an increase in dysfunctional brain cells in the mice, says \u003ca href=\"http://uef.academia.edu/SamiGabbouj/CurriculumVitae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sami Gabbouj\u003c/a> of the Institute of Biomedicine at the University of Eastern Finland. In people, he says, that could “exacerbate” the development of Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep problems are another common feature of both Alzheimer’s and diabetes, says \u003ca href=\"https://school.wakehealth.edu/Faculty/M/Shannon-Lynn-Macauley-Rambach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shannon Macauley\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of gerontology and geriatric medicine at Wake Forest School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She presented research showing that in mice, the brain changes associated with Alzheimer’s do interfere with sleep. But abnormal levels of blood sugar, both high and low, also “lead to disrupted sleep,” she says\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s concerning, she says, because poor sleep is a known risk factor for Alzheimer’s. So maintaining normal blood sugar levels in Alzheimer’s patients could improve their sleep, and might even slow down the disease, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this research on animals could eventually help people, Washington University’s Holtzman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can figure out what diabetes is doing to increase risk, maybe that would lead us to new targets, drug targets or treatment targets,” he says\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 515,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704848220,
"excerpt": "Diabetes can double a person's chances of developing Alzheimer's. Now researchers are beginning to understand the role of brain metabolism in the development of the dementia.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Diabetes can double a person's chances of developing Alzheimer's. Now researchers are beginning to understand the role of brain metabolism in the development of the dementia.",
"title": "Link Between High Blood Sugar and Alzheimer's Is Bolstered by New Research in Mice | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Link Between High Blood Sugar and Alzheimer's Is Bolstered by New Research in Mice",
"datePublished": "2019-10-21T10:55:39-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:57:00-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "link-between-high-blood-sugar-and-alzheimers-is-bolstered-by-new-research-in-mice",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=771894448&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprStoryDate": "Mon, 21 Oct 2019 12:07:49 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Mon, 21 Oct 2019 12:08:41 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/10/21/771894448/keeping-your-blood-sugar-in-check-could-lower-your-alzheimers-risk?ft=nprml&f=771894448",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2019/10/20191021_me_low_blood_sugar_levels_may_keep_alzheimers_at_bay.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=139&story=771894448&ft=nprml&f=771894448",
"nprImageAgency": "Science Source",
"source": "NPR",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1771916466-abead5.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=139&story=771894448&ft=nprml&f=771894448",
"nprStoryId": "771894448",
"nprByline": "Jon Hamilton\u003c/br>NPR",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 139,
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Mon, 21 Oct 2019 12:07:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1949607/link-between-high-blood-sugar-and-alzheimers-is-bolstered-by-new-research-in-mice",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2019/10/20191021_me_low_blood_sugar_levels_may_keep_alzheimers_at_bay.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=139&story=771894448&ft=nprml&f=771894448",
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Brain scientists are offering a new reason to control blood sugar levels: It might help lower your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s many reasons to get [blood sugar] under control,” says \u003ca href=\"https://neuro.wustl.edu/labs/holtzman_d/Lab-Home/Dr-Holtzman-Bio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Holtzman\u003c/a>, chairman of neurology at Washington University in St. Louis. “But this is certainly one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holtzman moderated a panel Sunday at the Society for Neuroscience \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfn.org/meetings/neuroscience-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meeting\u003c/a> in Chicago that featured new research exploring the links between Alzheimer’s and diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The risk for dementia is elevated about twofold in people who have diabetes or \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/metabolicsyndrome.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">metabolic syndrome\u003c/a> (a group of risk factors that often precedes diabetes),” Holtzman says. “But what’s not been clear is what’s the connection?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility involves the way the brain metabolizes sugar, says \u003ca href=\"https://pharmtox.ku.edu/people/liqin-zhao\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Liqin Zhao\u003c/a>, an associate professor in the school of pharmacy at the University of Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhao wanted to know why people whose bodies produce\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4829000/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a protein called ApoE2\u003c/a> are less likely to get Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous research has shown that these people are less likely to develop the sticky plaques in the brain associated with the disease. But Zhao looked at how ApoE2 affects glycolysis, a part of the process that allows brain cells to turn sugar into energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her research found that glycolysis helps brain cells communicate and get rid of toxins associated with Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she gave ApoE2 to mice that develop a form of Alzheimer’s. And sure enough, Zhao says, the substance not only improved energy production in brain cells, it made the cells healthier overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this together increased the brain’s resilience against Alzheimer’s disease,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another scientist described how mice fed a diet that includes lots of fat and sugar were more likely to develop both diabetes and memory impairment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The diet caused an increase in dysfunctional brain cells in the mice, says \u003ca href=\"http://uef.academia.edu/SamiGabbouj/CurriculumVitae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sami Gabbouj\u003c/a> of the Institute of Biomedicine at the University of Eastern Finland. In people, he says, that could “exacerbate” the development of Alzheimer’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep problems are another common feature of both Alzheimer’s and diabetes, says \u003ca href=\"https://school.wakehealth.edu/Faculty/M/Shannon-Lynn-Macauley-Rambach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shannon Macauley\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of gerontology and geriatric medicine at Wake Forest School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She presented research showing that in mice, the brain changes associated with Alzheimer’s do interfere with sleep. But abnormal levels of blood sugar, both high and low, also “lead to disrupted sleep,” she says\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s concerning, she says, because poor sleep is a known risk factor for Alzheimer’s. So maintaining normal blood sugar levels in Alzheimer’s patients could improve their sleep, and might even slow down the disease, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this research on animals could eventually help people, Washington University’s Holtzman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can figure out what diabetes is doing to increase risk, maybe that would lead us to new targets, drug targets or treatment targets,” he says\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1949607/link-between-high-blood-sugar-and-alzheimers-is-bolstered-by-new-research-in-mice",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1949607"
],
"categories": [
"science_30",
"science_39",
"science_16",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_235",
"science_233",
"science_5181",
"science_3838"
],
"featImg": "science_1949608",
"label": "source_science_1949607"
},
"science_1949531": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1949531",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949531",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571641266000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571641266,
"format": "audio",
"title": "Creating Pathways to Science for Students of Color",
"headTitle": "Creating Pathways to Science for Students of Color | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A combination of preconceptions, stereotypes and misunderstandings keeps many students from fulfilling their potential as scientists, a Stanford education professor asserts in a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hepg.org/hep-home/books/science-in-the-city#\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">new book\u003c/span>\u003c/a> called “Science in the City\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cstrong>Bryan Brown\u003c/strong>, an Oakland native and former high school science teacher, maintains that young black and Latino students understand scientific concepts, but not in the way their teachers describe those ideas. He told KQED’s Brian Watt that can lead to frustration all around. Here are excerpts from their conversation, edited for length and clarity: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You’ve been running science camps at Stanford for fifth and sixth graders. What have these students been telling you about science education?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The brilliance of these kids is often not reflected in the ways they communicate. And so in my time as a teacher, one of the things that has been really shocking to me is the distance between how we allow the kids to represent what they know and then what we expect of them. We almost expect kids to speak like little scientists when what they know is learned in the context of their community. We should be listening for the brilliant science that sounds like the neighborhoods they come from.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How might some brilliance be lost in translation on a science teacher?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I’ll give you an example. We studied baseball, and the kids had ways to distinguish between directional velocity — how fast the ball is changing directions. The phrase that they use was “the ball has a lot of movement. It had bite, it would fall off the table.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But when they spoke of speed, they used the word “velocity,” the exact opposite of the physics term for velocity, which is about representing directional change. So although the language and the culture of baseball enabled the kids to make this scientific distinction, it would be invisible for the teachers because they are looking for language expressed in the academic way, which is not taught in the (kids’) classroom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So how do middle and high schoolers who are interested in science navigate this gap?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What I’m really arguing for is that teachers rethink how they think about learning. I’ll put it this way: When you’re in a Spanish class, you’re getting new words for old ideas. You’re still talking about chairs and tables, but they’re just new words. When you enter a science classroom, you’re getting new words and new ideas simultaneously. And the cost of that is kids often feel intimidated, and they simply don’t understand. But the other (side) of the coin is then we don’t hear the brilliance that the kids have, because we’re listening for science language when the ideas are right there in front of us.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>When you were coming up as a student, did you learn about scientists other than, say, George Washington Carver and Dr. Charles Drew? Did you imagine yourself in their number?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You have offered the two names that are shared in the African American community so readily. The irony is, right now, we’ve never seen the numbers of African American scientists getting advanced degrees that we’ve seen today. And so you don’t need to do a historical analysis to find representations of who a scientist of color can be. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All you need to do is connect kids to the actual scientists that are out there, and they are out there in growing numbers, which I think is something we really don’t understand. This is where African American institutions play a big role; 38 to 39% of all advanced degrees in science [received by African Americans] come from historically black colleges and universities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Oakland, I was often introduced to doctors and dentists who could serve as role models for me. So I didn’t have to look far for representation of how science could be something for me. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How can parents, teachers and other adults foster kids’ interest in science? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you give a kid an experiment, some test tubes, and let them play around with science, you’re going to foster a love for science immediately. I taught in urban contexts where there were some challenges in the community, but the moment those kids crossed the threshold to the classroom, everyone became a scientist.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So I would argue first that there is no greater way of accessing science than to do science and do it early. The good news for parents is, you don’t need to be an expert. You can learn together. YouTube provides a wealth of resources for you to just take on experiments and do them at home. And so the best thing is to provide kids a vision of who they can be is just to do science with your child.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The original version of this post incorrectly stated that \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">38 to 39% of all advanced degrees in science come from historically black colleges and universities. The correct statistic is that 38-39% of all advanced degrees received by African Americans come from historically black colleges and universities. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 886,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704848222,
"excerpt": "A combination of preconceptions, stereotypes and misunderstandings keeps many students from fulfilling their potential as scientists, a Stanford education professor asserts in a new book called 'Science in the City.'",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A combination of preconceptions, stereotypes and misunderstandings keeps many students from fulfilling their potential as scientists, a Stanford education professor asserts in a new book called 'Science in the City.'",
"title": "Creating Pathways to Science for Students of Color | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Creating Pathways to Science for Students of Color",
"datePublished": "2019-10-21T00:01:06-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:57:02-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "creating-pathways-to-science-for-students-of-color",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/10/WattBryanBrown2way.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 277,
"source": "Science Education",
"path": "/science/1949531/creating-pathways-to-science-for-students-of-color",
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A combination of preconceptions, stereotypes and misunderstandings keeps many students from fulfilling their potential as scientists, a Stanford education professor asserts in a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hepg.org/hep-home/books/science-in-the-city#\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">new book\u003c/span>\u003c/a> called “Science in the City\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cstrong>Bryan Brown\u003c/strong>, an Oakland native and former high school science teacher, maintains that young black and Latino students understand scientific concepts, but not in the way their teachers describe those ideas. He told KQED’s Brian Watt that can lead to frustration all around. Here are excerpts from their conversation, edited for length and clarity: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>You’ve been running science camps at Stanford for fifth and sixth graders. What have these students been telling you about science education?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The brilliance of these kids is often not reflected in the ways they communicate. And so in my time as a teacher, one of the things that has been really shocking to me is the distance between how we allow the kids to represent what they know and then what we expect of them. We almost expect kids to speak like little scientists when what they know is learned in the context of their community. We should be listening for the brilliant science that sounds like the neighborhoods they come from.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How might some brilliance be lost in translation on a science teacher?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I’ll give you an example. We studied baseball, and the kids had ways to distinguish between directional velocity — how fast the ball is changing directions. The phrase that they use was “the ball has a lot of movement. It had bite, it would fall off the table.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But when they spoke of speed, they used the word “velocity,” the exact opposite of the physics term for velocity, which is about representing directional change. So although the language and the culture of baseball enabled the kids to make this scientific distinction, it would be invisible for the teachers because they are looking for language expressed in the academic way, which is not taught in the (kids’) classroom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>So how do middle and high schoolers who are interested in science navigate this gap?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What I’m really arguing for is that teachers rethink how they think about learning. I’ll put it this way: When you’re in a Spanish class, you’re getting new words for old ideas. You’re still talking about chairs and tables, but they’re just new words. When you enter a science classroom, you’re getting new words and new ideas simultaneously. And the cost of that is kids often feel intimidated, and they simply don’t understand. But the other (side) of the coin is then we don’t hear the brilliance that the kids have, because we’re listening for science language when the ideas are right there in front of us.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>When you were coming up as a student, did you learn about scientists other than, say, George Washington Carver and Dr. Charles Drew? Did you imagine yourself in their number?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You have offered the two names that are shared in the African American community so readily. The irony is, right now, we’ve never seen the numbers of African American scientists getting advanced degrees that we’ve seen today. And so you don’t need to do a historical analysis to find representations of who a scientist of color can be. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All you need to do is connect kids to the actual scientists that are out there, and they are out there in growing numbers, which I think is something we really don’t understand. This is where African American institutions play a big role; 38 to 39% of all advanced degrees in science [received by African Americans] come from historically black colleges and universities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Oakland, I was often introduced to doctors and dentists who could serve as role models for me. So I didn’t have to look far for representation of how science could be something for me. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How can parents, teachers and other adults foster kids’ interest in science? \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you give a kid an experiment, some test tubes, and let them play around with science, you’re going to foster a love for science immediately. I taught in urban contexts where there were some challenges in the community, but the moment those kids crossed the threshold to the classroom, everyone became a scientist.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So I would argue first that there is no greater way of accessing science than to do science and do it early. The good news for parents is, you don’t need to be an expert. You can learn together. YouTube provides a wealth of resources for you to just take on experiments and do them at home. And so the best thing is to provide kids a vision of who they can be is just to do science with your child.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The original version of this post incorrectly stated that \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">38 to 39% of all advanced degrees in science come from historically black colleges and universities. The correct statistic is that 38-39% of all advanced degrees received by African Americans come from historically black colleges and universities. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1949531/creating-pathways-to-science-for-students-of-color",
"authors": [
"6387"
],
"categories": [
"science_32",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_3370",
"science_346"
],
"featImg": "science_1949535",
"label": "source_science_1949531"
},
"science_1949483": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1949483",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949483",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571420594000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571420594,
"format": "standard",
"title": "One Way California Can Avoid More Blackouts? Make Power Lines Smarter",
"headTitle": "One Way California Can Avoid More Blackouts? Make Power Lines Smarter | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>After millions of Californians lost electricity last week, state officials are demanding that utilities find ways to reduce the impact of future disruptions. To prevent wildfires and reduce liability, power companies are almost certain to impose blackouts again.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I think there are a lot of technical things we could do more intelligently to minimize the need for this.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Sascha von Meier, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>New technology for power lines that make the electric grid “smarter” could help keep the lights on for more customers. Utilities are testing devices that can communicate in real time or can cut power in downed lines before they cause problems. Those investments could ultimately cost billions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing impacts of climate change,” said UC Berkeley electrical engineering professor Sascha von Meier. She lost power at her Oakland Hills home for about 24 hours during the recent blackout. “But I think there are a lot of technical things we could do more intelligently to minimize the need for this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electrical equipment started 6 of the 10 most destructive fires in California’s history. But power outages hit vulnerable populations the hardest. People who rely on medical devices had to scramble for backup power or find places to stay. Others on tight budgets struggled to replace food that spoiled in their fridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Burying Power Lines \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many customers are demanding that PG&E put its power lines underground. Other California utilities and cities are slowly doing that. San Diego Gas & Electric has buried 60 percent of its lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, the power lines a few blocks from von Meier’s house are also underground. In 1991, a massive fire tore through the hills and burned almost 3,000 homes. PG&E had to rebuild the power grid there from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were going to spend a lot of money anyway, and realizing that this was a particularly hazardous fire area, it was put underground,” von Meier said. The utility has pledged to bury power lines in Paradise, where last year’s record-breaking Camp Fire caused widespread destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E estimates that putting power lines underground costs around $3 million per mile. The utility has 81,000 miles of overhead lines, not to mention 18,000 miles of transmission lines. It costs more to maintain underground lines than those aboveground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If and when something does go wrong,” von Meier said, “it’s a lot harder to find where the problem is and go fix it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Smart Grid Sensors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the existing grid is still pretty analog, utilities can make safety improvements in overhead power lines, too. “A lot of this isn’t even 20th century technology,” von Meier said. “It’s kind of 19th century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities are starting to install networks of sensors, known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdgenews.com/article/when-power-lines-break-new-control-system-keeps-sparks-flying\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">synchrophasors\u003c/a>, which can communicate when problems occur and help restore power faster. San Diego Gas & Electric is also using them to prevent fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sensors can detect if a line is broken and then within a split fraction of a second, shut the power off to that line before it hits the ground,” von Meier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E says it’s testing a similar technology, called a \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.vic.gov.au/safety-and-emergencies/powerline-bushfire-safety-program/network-assets-program/rapid-earth-fault-current-limiter-refcl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rapid Earth Fault Current Limiter\u003c/a>, which Australian power companies use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Turning Off Auto-Restart\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a power line is broken, utilities are also starting to ensure that the power stays off. Typically, a device called a recloser automatically attempts to restore electricity when a power line is broken, sending current back down the line sometimes up to three times to determine whether the problem has cleared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s standard operation,” von Meier said. “Without it, your power would be out a lot more often.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But reclosers \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Power-line-restart-device-implicated-in-past-12324764.php#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have been implicated\u003c/a> in sparking previous wildfires. So some utilities, like SDG&E, turn off automatic restarting in high risk areas. PG&E says it’s now made its reclosers remotely controlled, so they can be reprogrammed to shut off during fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having these high-speed devices that are intelligent and smart is the only way that I believe that we can effectively manage the grid in the future,” said Caroline Winn, chief operating officer at SDG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities will have to convince regulators that these technologies are worth the cost and that Californians should pick up the tab through higher electricity rates. Networks of real-time devices also require new investments in data and information management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really does need high-speed communication,” Winn said. “We’re installing our own private LTE communications network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if these technologies reduce the risk of fire, they won’t prevent all wildfires, so precautionary power outages will happen again. SDG&E is working on segmenting its grid so it can independently turn off smaller sections and affect fewer people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re still building homes in these high fire-threat districts,” Winn said. “In my opinion, there should be some policies on the types of homes you can build and [the power lines] should be undergrounded. Because undergrounding is really the only opportunity to eliminate the risk completely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, one of the most effective ways to prevent wildfires is low-tech: trimming trees around power lines. California’s major utilities have pledged to spend more on managing vegetation, but as of September, PG&E was \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/PG-E-is-less-than-one-third-done-with-its-2019-14483596.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">falling far short\u003c/a> of its tree-clearing goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the difficulty is always how much can we afford to pay and who is going to pay it,” von Meier said. “That really is the prickly question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 977,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 28
},
"modified": 1704848225,
"excerpt": "California's utilities warn of further blackouts to prevent wildfires. But new power grid technology could help keep the power on. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "California's utilities warn of further blackouts to prevent wildfires. But new power grid technology could help keep the power on. ",
"title": "One Way California Can Avoid More Blackouts? Make Power Lines Smarter | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "One Way California Can Avoid More Blackouts? Make Power Lines Smarter",
"datePublished": "2019-10-18T10:43:14-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:57:05-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "one-way-california-can-avoid-more-blackouts-make-power-lines-smarter",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "PG&E Power Outages",
"path": "/science/1949483/one-way-california-can-avoid-more-blackouts-make-power-lines-smarter",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After millions of Californians lost electricity last week, state officials are demanding that utilities find ways to reduce the impact of future disruptions. To prevent wildfires and reduce liability, power companies are almost certain to impose blackouts again.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I think there are a lot of technical things we could do more intelligently to minimize the need for this.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Sascha von Meier, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>New technology for power lines that make the electric grid “smarter” could help keep the lights on for more customers. Utilities are testing devices that can communicate in real time or can cut power in downed lines before they cause problems. Those investments could ultimately cost billions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are seeing impacts of climate change,” said UC Berkeley electrical engineering professor Sascha von Meier. She lost power at her Oakland Hills home for about 24 hours during the recent blackout. “But I think there are a lot of technical things we could do more intelligently to minimize the need for this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electrical equipment started 6 of the 10 most destructive fires in California’s history. But power outages hit vulnerable populations the hardest. People who rely on medical devices had to scramble for backup power or find places to stay. Others on tight budgets struggled to replace food that spoiled in their fridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Burying Power Lines \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many customers are demanding that PG&E put its power lines underground. Other California utilities and cities are slowly doing that. San Diego Gas & Electric has buried 60 percent of its lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, the power lines a few blocks from von Meier’s house are also underground. In 1991, a massive fire tore through the hills and burned almost 3,000 homes. PG&E had to rebuild the power grid there from scratch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were going to spend a lot of money anyway, and realizing that this was a particularly hazardous fire area, it was put underground,” von Meier said. The utility has pledged to bury power lines in Paradise, where last year’s record-breaking Camp Fire caused widespread destruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E estimates that putting power lines underground costs around $3 million per mile. The utility has 81,000 miles of overhead lines, not to mention 18,000 miles of transmission lines. It costs more to maintain underground lines than those aboveground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If and when something does go wrong,” von Meier said, “it’s a lot harder to find where the problem is and go fix it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Smart Grid Sensors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the existing grid is still pretty analog, utilities can make safety improvements in overhead power lines, too. “A lot of this isn’t even 20th century technology,” von Meier said. “It’s kind of 19th century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities are starting to install networks of sensors, known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdgenews.com/article/when-power-lines-break-new-control-system-keeps-sparks-flying\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">synchrophasors\u003c/a>, which can communicate when problems occur and help restore power faster. San Diego Gas & Electric is also using them to prevent fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sensors can detect if a line is broken and then within a split fraction of a second, shut the power off to that line before it hits the ground,” von Meier said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E says it’s testing a similar technology, called a \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.vic.gov.au/safety-and-emergencies/powerline-bushfire-safety-program/network-assets-program/rapid-earth-fault-current-limiter-refcl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rapid Earth Fault Current Limiter\u003c/a>, which Australian power companies use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Turning Off Auto-Restart\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a power line is broken, utilities are also starting to ensure that the power stays off. Typically, a device called a recloser automatically attempts to restore electricity when a power line is broken, sending current back down the line sometimes up to three times to determine whether the problem has cleared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s standard operation,” von Meier said. “Without it, your power would be out a lot more often.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But reclosers \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Power-line-restart-device-implicated-in-past-12324764.php#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have been implicated\u003c/a> in sparking previous wildfires. So some utilities, like SDG&E, turn off automatic restarting in high risk areas. PG&E says it’s now made its reclosers remotely controlled, so they can be reprogrammed to shut off during fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having these high-speed devices that are intelligent and smart is the only way that I believe that we can effectively manage the grid in the future,” said Caroline Winn, chief operating officer at SDG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utilities will have to convince regulators that these technologies are worth the cost and that Californians should pick up the tab through higher electricity rates. Networks of real-time devices also require new investments in data and information management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really does need high-speed communication,” Winn said. “We’re installing our own private LTE communications network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if these technologies reduce the risk of fire, they won’t prevent all wildfires, so precautionary power outages will happen again. SDG&E is working on segmenting its grid so it can independently turn off smaller sections and affect fewer people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re still building homes in these high fire-threat districts,” Winn said. “In my opinion, there should be some policies on the types of homes you can build and [the power lines] should be undergrounded. Because undergrounding is really the only opportunity to eliminate the risk completely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, one of the most effective ways to prevent wildfires is low-tech: trimming trees around power lines. California’s major utilities have pledged to spend more on managing vegetation, but as of September, PG&E was \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/PG-E-is-less-than-one-third-done-with-its-2019-14483596.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">falling far short\u003c/a> of its tree-clearing goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the difficulty is always how much can we afford to pay and who is going to pay it,” von Meier said. “That really is the prickly question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1949483/one-way-california-can-avoid-more-blackouts-make-power-lines-smarter",
"authors": [
"239"
],
"categories": [
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_3370",
"science_283",
"science_113"
],
"featImg": "science_1949487",
"label": "source_science_1949483"
},
"science_1949350": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1949350",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949350",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571414057000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571414057,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Thousands of This Type of Building Still at Risk of Collapse in Bay Area Earthquake",
"headTitle": "Thousands of This Type of Building Still at Risk of Collapse in Bay Area Earthquake | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Beyond the collapse of the Bay Bridge, some of the most enduring images of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake came out of San Francisco’s Marina and Mission districts, where buildings were destroyed, fires erupted and rescue dogs were brought in to sniff the rubble for the missing. [pullquote align='right' citation='Roland Burgmann, geologist at UC Berkeley']‘We are in much better shape than we used to be. But, if a really big one hits right in the Bay Area, it’s not going to be pretty.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the quake, the first stories of wood-framed residential buildings buckled, and some structures collapsed like Jenga towers with the bottom block removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these buildings ascended from a first story with large windows, garages, or big doors, a design that compromised their structural framing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last 30 years, and in the last decade in particular, urban planners across the region have pushed to reinforce these so-called soft-story structures, in recognition of their extreme vulnerability during a violent earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Loma Prieta, building owners and cities across the Bay Area have spent $1.2 billion on retrofits, according to a 2018 estimate by the U.S. Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all this work, thousands of buildings across the region remain unremediated and at risk of collapse or severe damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very fortunate in California that we have very good building codes now,” said Richard Allen, a Berkeley seismologist. “The challenge is that the older buildings are not up to those codes. When it comes to building safety, it comes down to when it was built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge amount of investment has gone into retrofitting these buildings, says Roland Burgmann, a geologist who teaches at UC Berkeley. “But there are still many structures that will not perform very well during an earthquake,” he said. “We are in much better shape than we used to be. But, if a really big one hits right in the Bay Area, it’s not going to be pretty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One problem is that the region’s building codes are governed by a patchwork of mandates and rules, says Douglas Given, an earthquake early-warning coordinator for USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when cities have identified problematic buildings, they still struggle to get the work done, with funding as the biggest impediment, he says. “Either tax breaks or grants to get it done is what is needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem has been complicated by the state’s housing crunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22461\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\" alt=\"Absence of adequate shear walls on the garage level exacerbated damage to this structure at the corner of Beach and Divisadero Streets, Marina District. [J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey]\" width=\"760\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Absence of adequate shear walls on the garage level exacerbated damage to this structure at the corner of Beach and Divisadero Streets in San Francisco’s Marina District. \u003ccite>(J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The work could take stock off the market, in some cases, or it would price people out of the building once the expense of the retrofit is built into the rent,” said Given.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2013, San Francisco became the first major city in California to require property owners to retrofit their wood-frame apartments with an open-ground first floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Department of Building Inspection has identified 4,921 total soft-story buildings that currently need to be fixed\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>Since the mandate, the city has received permit applications to make the upgrades on 98% of these structures, and 65% of them are now completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, hundred percent is our target,” said Tom Hui, director of the the building inspection department. “Right now, with 98% percent of owners applying for permits, that’s very encouraging. Of course, we need to finish all the seismic work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hui said the issue is urgent and must be addressed soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the 1989 earthquake, we saw a lot of damage in the Marina District and the Mission District that affected thousands of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lagging Behind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, like Berkeley, Alameda and Fremont, have followed San Francisco in requiring retrofits for the 270, 100, and 22 soft-story buildings, respectively, within each city’s limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Oakland adopted a similar ordinance for 1,500 buildings, and Palo Alto is considering one for its 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other cities, like San Jose, haven’t even compiled a full list of vulnerable residents. James Son, deputy director of San Jose’s planning and building department, says the city estimates it has about 1,400 soft-story buildings\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 2000s, Son said, a city engineer worked with a research team from San Jose State University to identify these properties, but the information was destroyed. Son called the loss “unfortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Jose City Council has asked its staff to look into incentivizing earthquake retrofits for homeowners; it has yet to require the repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It comes down to cost,” Son said. “We are working on incentives that would be the most cost-effective and attractive to building owners to retrofit their soft-story. We know that seismic activity can be devastating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain View has also yet to mandate retrofits for its 488 soft-story buildings divided into 5,100 residential units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are aware of those seismic concerns and are working on it,” said Wayne Chen, assistant community development director for Mountain View. “At the city council’s direction, we’ve started on this as a priority work plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the city’s rent-stabilization rules, landlords can petition to raise rents to cover the cost of city-mandated building improvements over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen says the city is exploring whether to mandate retrofits within this program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, retrofitting is a major expense. Reinforcing a weak first floor in San Francisco can cost between $60,000 and $1 million, according to the USGS estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some critics \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-quake-safety-bay-area-20180422-htmlstory.html\">say\u003c/a> the Bay Area, which has led the state in soft-story mitigation, is falling behind and missing a chance to leverage a ballooning tax base amidst a red-hot tech economy to pay for necessary fixes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the earthquake hazard in the Bay Area remains high. A 2016 USGS earthquake \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-probability-earthquake-will-occur-los-angeles-area-san-francisco-bay-area?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products\">forecast\u003c/a> for the region found a 72% chance of at least a 6.7 magnitude earthquake sometime in the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1062,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 33
},
"modified": 1704848226,
"excerpt": "A billion dollars in retrofitting has still not been enough to fix all the vulnerable soft-story buildings in the region.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A billion dollars in retrofitting has still not been enough to fix all the vulnerable soft-story buildings in the region.",
"title": "Thousands of This Type of Building Still at Risk of Collapse in Bay Area Earthquake | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Thousands of This Type of Building Still at Risk of Collapse in Bay Area Earthquake",
"datePublished": "2019-10-18T08:54:17-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:57:06-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "thousands-of-one-type-of-building-still-at-risk-of-collapse-in-bay-area-earthquake",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Earthquakes",
"path": "/science/1949350/thousands-of-one-type-of-building-still-at-risk-of-collapse-in-bay-area-earthquake",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beyond the collapse of the Bay Bridge, some of the most enduring images of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake came out of San Francisco’s Marina and Mission districts, where buildings were destroyed, fires erupted and rescue dogs were brought in to sniff the rubble for the missing. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "‘We are in much better shape than we used to be. But, if a really big one hits right in the Bay Area, it’s not going to be pretty.’",
"name": "pullquote",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"align": "right",
"citation": "Roland Burgmann, geologist at UC Berkeley",
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the quake, the first stories of wood-framed residential buildings buckled, and some structures collapsed like Jenga towers with the bottom block removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these buildings ascended from a first story with large windows, garages, or big doors, a design that compromised their structural framing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last 30 years, and in the last decade in particular, urban planners across the region have pushed to reinforce these so-called soft-story structures, in recognition of their extreme vulnerability during a violent earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Loma Prieta, building owners and cities across the Bay Area have spent $1.2 billion on retrofits, according to a 2018 estimate by the U.S. Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all this work, thousands of buildings across the region remain unremediated and at risk of collapse or severe damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are very fortunate in California that we have very good building codes now,” said Richard Allen, a Berkeley seismologist. “The challenge is that the older buildings are not up to those codes. When it comes to building safety, it comes down to when it was built.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge amount of investment has gone into retrofitting these buildings, says Roland Burgmann, a geologist who teaches at UC Berkeley. “But there are still many structures that will not perform very well during an earthquake,” he said. “We are in much better shape than we used to be. But, if a really big one hits right in the Bay Area, it’s not going to be pretty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One problem is that the region’s building codes are governed by a patchwork of mandates and rules, says Douglas Given, an earthquake early-warning coordinator for USGS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when cities have identified problematic buildings, they still struggle to get the work done, with funding as the biggest impediment, he says. “Either tax breaks or grants to get it done is what is needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem has been complicated by the state’s housing crunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22461\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/soft-story.jpeg\" alt=\"Absence of adequate shear walls on the garage level exacerbated damage to this structure at the corner of Beach and Divisadero Streets, Marina District. [J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey]\" width=\"760\" height=\"512\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Absence of adequate shear walls on the garage level exacerbated damage to this structure at the corner of Beach and Divisadero Streets in San Francisco’s Marina District. \u003ccite>(J.K. Nakata, U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The work could take stock off the market, in some cases, or it would price people out of the building once the expense of the retrofit is built into the rent,” said Given.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2013, San Francisco became the first major city in California to require property owners to retrofit their wood-frame apartments with an open-ground first floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Department of Building Inspection has identified 4,921 total soft-story buildings that currently need to be fixed\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>Since the mandate, the city has received permit applications to make the upgrades on 98% of these structures, and 65% of them are now completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of course, hundred percent is our target,” said Tom Hui, director of the the building inspection department. “Right now, with 98% percent of owners applying for permits, that’s very encouraging. Of course, we need to finish all the seismic work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hui said the issue is urgent and must be addressed soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the 1989 earthquake, we saw a lot of damage in the Marina District and the Mission District that affected thousands of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lagging Behind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, like Berkeley, Alameda and Fremont, have followed San Francisco in requiring retrofits for the 270, 100, and 22 soft-story buildings, respectively, within each city’s limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Oakland adopted a similar ordinance for 1,500 buildings, and Palo Alto is considering one for its 300.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other cities, like San Jose, haven’t even compiled a full list of vulnerable residents. James Son, deputy director of San Jose’s planning and building department, says the city estimates it has about 1,400 soft-story buildings\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 2000s, Son said, a city engineer worked with a research team from San Jose State University to identify these properties, but the information was destroyed. Son called the loss “unfortunate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Jose City Council has asked its staff to look into incentivizing earthquake retrofits for homeowners; it has yet to require the repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It comes down to cost,” Son said. “We are working on incentives that would be the most cost-effective and attractive to building owners to retrofit their soft-story. We know that seismic activity can be devastating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain View has also yet to mandate retrofits for its 488 soft-story buildings divided into 5,100 residential units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are aware of those seismic concerns and are working on it,” said Wayne Chen, assistant community development director for Mountain View. “At the city council’s direction, we’ve started on this as a priority work plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the city’s rent-stabilization rules, landlords can petition to raise rents to cover the cost of city-mandated building improvements over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen says the city is exploring whether to mandate retrofits within this program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, retrofitting is a major expense. Reinforcing a weak first floor in San Francisco can cost between $60,000 and $1 million, according to the USGS estimate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some critics \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-quake-safety-bay-area-20180422-htmlstory.html\">say\u003c/a> the Bay Area, which has led the state in soft-story mitigation, is falling behind and missing a chance to leverage a ballooning tax base amidst a red-hot tech economy to pay for necessary fixes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the earthquake hazard in the Bay Area remains high. A 2016 USGS earthquake \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-probability-earthquake-will-occur-los-angeles-area-san-francisco-bay-area?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products\">forecast\u003c/a> for the region found a 72% chance of at least a 6.7 magnitude earthquake sometime in the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1949350/thousands-of-one-type-of-building-still-at-risk-of-collapse-in-bay-area-earthquake",
"authors": [
"11608"
],
"categories": [
"science_38",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_427",
"science_3370",
"science_3832",
"science_1842"
],
"featImg": "science_1949473",
"label": "source_science_1949350"
},
"science_1949362": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1949362",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949362",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571341715000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571341715,
"format": "audio",
"title": "How Loma Prieta Changed Earthquake Science",
"headTitle": "How Loma Prieta Changed Earthquake Science | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For so many of us, memories of the Loma Prieta quake crystallized around Candlestick Park, where Game 3 of the 1989 A’s-Giants World Series was about to begin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the Bay Area had rushed home from work to watch on TV. As they waited for the first pitch to be thrown, broadcasters Al Michaels and Tim McCarver analyzed highlights from the previous game. Suddenly, the image of Jose Canseco flickered out, followed by an audio-only pronouncement of Michaels:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell ya what, I think we’re having an earth-”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, the transmission cut, before the audio returned. “I don’t know if we’re on the air or not, and I’m not sure I care at this particular moment … ” Michaels said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P5fJdM69pbQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major League Baseball canceled the game. Players and fans, in a state of shock, made their way home. People already at home were glued to the radio or TV news as damage reports poured in. Fires broke out in San Francisco’s Marina District. The Cypress Viaduct pancaked. A section of the Bay Bridge caved in. A department store in Santa Cruz’s Pacific Garden Mall collapsed. The 6.9 magnitude quake \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3092/pdf/fs2014-3092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed at least 63 people and caused $6-10 billion dollars\u003c/a> in property loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the public eye, away from the news teams, plenty more was going on. What happened there in the days, months and years following Oct. 17, 1989 would rewrite our understanding of how the ground moves and what we need to do to stay safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Quake Throws Scientists for a Loop\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Loma Prieta was in many ways a transformative earthquake.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Loma Prieta was in many ways a transformative earthquake,” said Bill Ellsworth, a professor of geophysics at Stanford. In 1989, he worked as a researcher at the U.S. Geological Survey headquarters in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 5:03 p.m., Ellsworth had been preparing to leave work for the day and go home to watch the ball game. At 5:04, he said, “I felt the ground begin to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knew instantly this was no ordinary small-scale temblor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often we feel earthquakes and there’s kind of a sharp rattle. This was a much lower-frequency motion, and really quite large amplitude. Putting those two together told me immediately that this was going to be a significant earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got up, braced himself in the doorframe, and “rode through the earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USGS snapped into action. Its first task was to determine the source. The agency’s automated network of sensors had gone out, as had the power and all the computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually did it the old-fashioned way,” said Tom Holzer, a USGS geologist. At the time Holzer was the branch chief for the team that did much of the work documenting the earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had these old recording drums . . . they’re what earthquakes used to look like before we had all the digital stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the hour, his team had pinpointed the epicenter near Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The next step was to to get organized to have people go out and document what had happened,” Holzer says. “We actually sent one person out that night. He volunteered to drive to Santa Cruz to see if the fault intersected any of the roads he was on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other USGS staff went to work supporting responders. Some of the most severe damage took place at the Cypress Viaduct, a two-tiered freeway that connected West Oakland to the MacArthur Maze. Its top level collapsed onto the bottom, and 42 people — two-thirds of the earthquake’s death toll — lost their lives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It clearly needed to be taken down but to do that was dangerous and were another strong earthquake to occur while people were working on that, they would really be in harm’s way,” Ellsworth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within days, engineers built the first earthquake early warning system used in the United States, to alert demolition crews about coming aftershocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We placed instruments in the Loma Prieta region,” Ellsworth said, “and then if shaking were strong we would send a radio signal to the Cypress Structure, to tell people that sound an alarm to tell people that they needed to take action to be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, there were no aftershocks during the demolition. But Ellsworth says the earthquake threw scientists for a loop in other ways. For starters, the earthquake struck in a location they had not expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dangerous quake had seemed likely on the southern part of the 1906 rupture along the San Andreas Fault. The Loma Prieta quake was close to that, “but it was on an unknown fault we had never seen before,” Ellsworth said. “So it really reminded us that we don’t know where all the faults are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ground Motion Illuminated\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n\u003cp>Remembering Loma Prieta and Preparing for the Next ‘Big One’\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949019/its-about-time-how-to-get-ready-for-the-next-emergency\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Prepping for the Next Big Quake, One Hour a Day. Four Days.\u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949166/photos-what-san-franciscos-marina-looked-like-after-loma-prieta-and-now\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Photos: What San Francisco’s Marina District Looked Like After Loma Prieta and Now \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11780447/the-bay-area-remembers-loma-prieta-30-years-later\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Bay Area Remembers Loma Prieta, 30 Years Later \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/121413/inside-candlestick-park-on-the-night-the-earth-shook\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Inside Candlestick Park on the Night the Earth Shook\u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11780734/an-earthquake-early-warning-system-in-your-pocket\">An Earthquake Early Warning System in Your Pocket \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Before the quake, engineers generally modeled earthquake intensity the way they did volume. The closer you are to the source, the stronger the signal. The 1989 disaster showed clearly in the Bay Area how certain regions, particularly areas built on fill, or unstable soil, can amplify the motion of the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was severe damage 100 kilometers away from the epicenter. So that is much farther than we would generally expect for this size, this magnitude earthquake,” said Annemarie Baltay, a current USGS researcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as if you have a bowl of Jell-O and you shake it once. You stop touching it. It continues to wiggle, right?” Baltay says. “But if you took a rock and you shook it and you stopped shaking, it would just stop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of extreme shaking happened in San Francisco’s Marina District, at the Cypress Viaduct, and along the Bay at the San Francisco and Oakland airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [building] code didn’t have a very good accommodation of what soft soils could do to modify the shaking,” Holzer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insights that came out of studying this quake spurred a lot of research. In 1990, Congress directed \u003ca href=\"https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/101/hjres423/text/enr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$40 million to the USGS\u003c/a> to study earthquakes and reduce their hazards. Scientists reassessed the earthquake threat to the region. What they learned \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/fs151-99/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">informed new building codes\u003c/a> and spurred retrofits and rebuilds around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if we look at the way that we designed freeways before then, and now they are very different,” Ellsworth said. “I think the earthquake really helped educate the public about the reality of earthquakes and over the following years we’ve made a lot of progress in California in terms of addressing many of those problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1231,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 34
},
"modified": 1704848229,
"excerpt": "After the earthquake, scientists snapped into action, and what they discovered would rewrite our understanding of how the ground moves and what we need to do to stay safe.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "After the earthquake, scientists snapped into action, and what they discovered would rewrite our understanding of how the ground moves and what we need to do to stay safe.",
"title": "How Loma Prieta Changed Earthquake Science | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "How Loma Prieta Changed Earthquake Science",
"datePublished": "2019-10-17T12:48:35-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:57:09-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "how-loma-prieta-changed-earthquake-science-building-codes-and-the-bay-area",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2019/10/LomaPrietaBseg1017.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 323,
"source": "Earthquakes",
"path": "/science/1949362/how-loma-prieta-changed-earthquake-science-building-codes-and-the-bay-area",
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For so many of us, memories of the Loma Prieta quake crystallized around Candlestick Park, where Game 3 of the 1989 A’s-Giants World Series was about to begin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the Bay Area had rushed home from work to watch on TV. As they waited for the first pitch to be thrown, broadcasters Al Michaels and Tim McCarver analyzed highlights from the previous game. Suddenly, the image of Jose Canseco flickered out, followed by an audio-only pronouncement of Michaels:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tell ya what, I think we’re having an earth-”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, the transmission cut, before the audio returned. “I don’t know if we’re on the air or not, and I’m not sure I care at this particular moment … ” Michaels said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/P5fJdM69pbQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/P5fJdM69pbQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Major League Baseball canceled the game. Players and fans, in a state of shock, made their way home. People already at home were glued to the radio or TV news as damage reports poured in. Fires broke out in San Francisco’s Marina District. The Cypress Viaduct pancaked. A section of the Bay Bridge caved in. A department store in Santa Cruz’s Pacific Garden Mall collapsed. The 6.9 magnitude quake \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3092/pdf/fs2014-3092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed at least 63 people and caused $6-10 billion dollars\u003c/a> in property loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond the public eye, away from the news teams, plenty more was going on. What happened there in the days, months and years following Oct. 17, 1989 would rewrite our understanding of how the ground moves and what we need to do to stay safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Quake Throws Scientists for a Loop\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Loma Prieta was in many ways a transformative earthquake.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Loma Prieta was in many ways a transformative earthquake,” said Bill Ellsworth, a professor of geophysics at Stanford. In 1989, he worked as a researcher at the U.S. Geological Survey headquarters in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 5:03 p.m., Ellsworth had been preparing to leave work for the day and go home to watch the ball game. At 5:04, he said, “I felt the ground begin to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He knew instantly this was no ordinary small-scale temblor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often we feel earthquakes and there’s kind of a sharp rattle. This was a much lower-frequency motion, and really quite large amplitude. Putting those two together told me immediately that this was going to be a significant earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He got up, braced himself in the doorframe, and “rode through the earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USGS snapped into action. Its first task was to determine the source. The agency’s automated network of sensors had gone out, as had the power and all the computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually did it the old-fashioned way,” said Tom Holzer, a USGS geologist. At the time Holzer was the branch chief for the team that did much of the work documenting the earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had these old recording drums . . . they’re what earthquakes used to look like before we had all the digital stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within the hour, his team had pinpointed the epicenter near Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The next step was to to get organized to have people go out and document what had happened,” Holzer says. “We actually sent one person out that night. He volunteered to drive to Santa Cruz to see if the fault intersected any of the roads he was on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other USGS staff went to work supporting responders. Some of the most severe damage took place at the Cypress Viaduct, a two-tiered freeway that connected West Oakland to the MacArthur Maze. Its top level collapsed onto the bottom, and 42 people — two-thirds of the earthquake’s death toll — lost their lives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It clearly needed to be taken down but to do that was dangerous and were another strong earthquake to occur while people were working on that, they would really be in harm’s way,” Ellsworth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within days, engineers built the first earthquake early warning system used in the United States, to alert demolition crews about coming aftershocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We placed instruments in the Loma Prieta region,” Ellsworth said, “and then if shaking were strong we would send a radio signal to the Cypress Structure, to tell people that sound an alarm to tell people that they needed to take action to be safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, there were no aftershocks during the demolition. But Ellsworth says the earthquake threw scientists for a loop in other ways. For starters, the earthquake struck in a location they had not expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dangerous quake had seemed likely on the southern part of the 1906 rupture along the San Andreas Fault. The Loma Prieta quake was close to that, “but it was on an unknown fault we had never seen before,” Ellsworth said. “So it really reminded us that we don’t know where all the faults are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ground Motion Illuminated\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n\u003cp>Remembering Loma Prieta and Preparing for the Next ‘Big One’\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949019/its-about-time-how-to-get-ready-for-the-next-emergency\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Prepping for the Next Big Quake, One Hour a Day. Four Days.\u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1949166/photos-what-san-franciscos-marina-looked-like-after-loma-prieta-and-now\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Photos: What San Francisco’s Marina District Looked Like After Loma Prieta and Now \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11780447/the-bay-area-remembers-loma-prieta-30-years-later\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">The Bay Area Remembers Loma Prieta, 30 Years Later \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/121413/inside-candlestick-park-on-the-night-the-earth-shook\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Inside Candlestick Park on the Night the Earth Shook\u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11780734/an-earthquake-early-warning-system-in-your-pocket\">An Earthquake Early Warning System in Your Pocket \u003c/a>\n \u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Before the quake, engineers generally modeled earthquake intensity the way they did volume. The closer you are to the source, the stronger the signal. The 1989 disaster showed clearly in the Bay Area how certain regions, particularly areas built on fill, or unstable soil, can amplify the motion of the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was severe damage 100 kilometers away from the epicenter. So that is much farther than we would generally expect for this size, this magnitude earthquake,” said Annemarie Baltay, a current USGS researcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just as if you have a bowl of Jell-O and you shake it once. You stop touching it. It continues to wiggle, right?” Baltay says. “But if you took a rock and you shook it and you stopped shaking, it would just stop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of extreme shaking happened in San Francisco’s Marina District, at the Cypress Viaduct, and along the Bay at the San Francisco and Oakland airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [building] code didn’t have a very good accommodation of what soft soils could do to modify the shaking,” Holzer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insights that came out of studying this quake spurred a lot of research. In 1990, Congress directed \u003ca href=\"https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/101/hjres423/text/enr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$40 million to the USGS\u003c/a> to study earthquakes and reduce their hazards. Scientists reassessed the earthquake threat to the region. What they learned \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1999/fs151-99/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">informed new building codes\u003c/a> and spurred retrofits and rebuilds around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if we look at the way that we designed freeways before then, and now they are very different,” Ellsworth said. “I think the earthquake really helped educate the public about the reality of earthquakes and over the following years we’ve made a lot of progress in California in terms of addressing many of those problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1949362/how-loma-prieta-changed-earthquake-science-building-codes-and-the-bay-area",
"authors": [
"11088"
],
"categories": [
"science_89",
"science_37",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_257",
"science_3370",
"science_3833"
],
"featImg": "science_1949365",
"label": "source_science_1949362"
},
"science_1949333": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1949333",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949333",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571329240000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571329240,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Download California's New Earthquake Early Warning App",
"headTitle": "Download California’s New Earthquake Early Warning App | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Earthquake early warning alerts became publicly available throughout California Thursday for the first time, potentially giving people time to protect themselves from harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]\u003cbr>\nDownload the MyShake app\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.berkeley.bsl.myshake&hl=en_US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Play\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/app/id1467058529\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">iOS App Store\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://myshake.berkeley.edu/faq.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MyShake FAQ\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation’s first statewide quake warning system coincides with the 30th anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake that ravaged the San Francisco Bay area on Oct. 17, 1989, as well as the annual Great Shakeout safety drill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnings produced by the ShakeAlert system will be pushed through two delivery systems: a cellphone app called MyShake and the same wireless notification system that issues Amber Alerts, meaning people may receive both notifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom, flanked by some of the state’s preeminent seismologists, announced the systems at a press conference, Thursday, noting the U.S. Geological Survey’s calculation that California has a 99.7% chance of being struck by at least a 6.7 magnitude earthquake within the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a rather jaw-dropping prediction,” Newsom said. “Particularly from experts that are cautious in making those types of predictions. That’s the reality we live in. … The price of admission to live here is preparation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time he celebrated the launch of the technology, he took pains to qualify expectations for the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident that this app will do justice to what we are promoting; perfect, however, is not on the agenda,” he said. “We recognize this is a work in progress and we will have to iterate over the next few years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Available for Download\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that warning, Brian Ferguson, deputy director for crisis communication at the Office of Emergency Services, said the app “is at a place now where we’re satisfied with the performance and the testing, which has been very well done, (so) that we think we’re at a place where it’s not perfect but we can keep people safe, and that’s our ultimate threshold.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed at the University of California, Berkeley, MyShake is available for download to \u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/app/id1467058529\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IOS users\u003c/a> through iTunes and through \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.berkeley.bsl.myshake&hl=en_US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GooglePlay\u003c/a> stores for Android phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alerts will only go to people that are going to feel shaking,” said Richard Allen, director of the UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thresholds for an alert are an earthquake of magnitude 4.5 and shaking intensity level 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Intensity 1 is you don’t feel it; intensity 2 is some people may feel it; intensity 3 is many people do feel it,” Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ShakeAlert system is being developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and partners for the West Coast states. It is most complete in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system does not predict earthquakes. Rather, it uses numerous seismic stations to detect the start of an earthquake and light-speed communications to send the data to computers that instantly calculate location, magnitude, intensity of shaking, creating alerts to be distributed to areas that will be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on distance from the epicenter, the alerts may give warnings of several seconds to a minute before shaking arrives at a given location — enough time to duck under desks, pull a knife away from a surgical patient or shut down elevators, trains and industrial processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After lengthy testing, alerts were made broadly available to businesses, utilities, schools and other entities last year. The only large-scale public notification is in Los Angeles County, where an alerting app developed for the city of Los Angeles hasn’t been triggered yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MyShake system maintains a database of which cellphones are in 10-kilometer-by-10-kilometer (6.2-mile-by-6.2-mile) cell grids and pushes the alerts to phones in zones where at least level 3 shaking will occur, so receiving an alert is not based on which tower the phone is communicating with, Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wireless Emergency Alerts system, known as WEA, operates slightly differently.\u003cbr>\nWEA creates polygons that include cellphone towers, said Ryan Arba chief of the seismic hazards branch of the Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your phone is currently communicating with that cell tower, the message will be broadcast to your phone,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person will get an alert if they are outside a polygon but their phone is communicating with a tower inside the polygon, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Kevin Stark contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 756,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 26
},
"modified": 1704848231,
"excerpt": "The nation's first statewide quake debuts, coinciding with the 30th anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake that ravaged the San Francisco Bay area on Oct. 17, 1989, as well as the annual Great Shakeout safety drill.\r\n",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The nation's first statewide quake debuts, coinciding with the 30th anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake that ravaged the San Francisco Bay area on Oct. 17, 1989, as well as the annual Great Shakeout safety drill.\r\n",
"title": "Download California's New Earthquake Early Warning App | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Download California's New Earthquake Early Warning App",
"datePublished": "2019-10-17T09:20:40-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:57:11-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "download-californias-new-earthquake-early-warning-app",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "John Antczak\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Earthquakes",
"path": "/science/1949333/download-californias-new-earthquake-early-warning-app",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Earthquake early warning alerts became publicly available throughout California Thursday for the first time, potentially giving people time to protect themselves from harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "\u003cbr>\nDownload the MyShake app\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.berkeley.bsl.myshake&hl=en_US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Play\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/app/id1467058529\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">iOS App Store\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://myshake.berkeley.edu/faq.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MyShake FAQ\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>",
"name": "pullquote",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nation’s first statewide quake warning system coincides with the 30th anniversary of the Loma Prieta earthquake that ravaged the San Francisco Bay area on Oct. 17, 1989, as well as the annual Great Shakeout safety drill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warnings produced by the ShakeAlert system will be pushed through two delivery systems: a cellphone app called MyShake and the same wireless notification system that issues Amber Alerts, meaning people may receive both notifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom, flanked by some of the state’s preeminent seismologists, announced the systems at a press conference, Thursday, noting the U.S. Geological Survey’s calculation that California has a 99.7% chance of being struck by at least a 6.7 magnitude earthquake within the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a rather jaw-dropping prediction,” Newsom said. “Particularly from experts that are cautious in making those types of predictions. That’s the reality we live in. … The price of admission to live here is preparation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time he celebrated the launch of the technology, he took pains to qualify expectations for the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are confident that this app will do justice to what we are promoting; perfect, however, is not on the agenda,” he said. “We recognize this is a work in progress and we will have to iterate over the next few years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Available for Download\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that warning, Brian Ferguson, deputy director for crisis communication at the Office of Emergency Services, said the app “is at a place now where we’re satisfied with the performance and the testing, which has been very well done, (so) that we think we’re at a place where it’s not perfect but we can keep people safe, and that’s our ultimate threshold.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed at the University of California, Berkeley, MyShake is available for download to \u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/app/id1467058529\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IOS users\u003c/a> through iTunes and through \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=edu.berkeley.bsl.myshake&hl=en_US\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GooglePlay\u003c/a> stores for Android phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The alerts will only go to people that are going to feel shaking,” said Richard Allen, director of the UC Berkeley Seismological Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The thresholds for an alert are an earthquake of magnitude 4.5 and shaking intensity level 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Intensity 1 is you don’t feel it; intensity 2 is some people may feel it; intensity 3 is many people do feel it,” Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ShakeAlert system is being developed by the U.S. Geological Survey and partners for the West Coast states. It is most complete in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system does not predict earthquakes. Rather, it uses numerous seismic stations to detect the start of an earthquake and light-speed communications to send the data to computers that instantly calculate location, magnitude, intensity of shaking, creating alerts to be distributed to areas that will be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on distance from the epicenter, the alerts may give warnings of several seconds to a minute before shaking arrives at a given location — enough time to duck under desks, pull a knife away from a surgical patient or shut down elevators, trains and industrial processes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After lengthy testing, alerts were made broadly available to businesses, utilities, schools and other entities last year. The only large-scale public notification is in Los Angeles County, where an alerting app developed for the city of Los Angeles hasn’t been triggered yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MyShake system maintains a database of which cellphones are in 10-kilometer-by-10-kilometer (6.2-mile-by-6.2-mile) cell grids and pushes the alerts to phones in zones where at least level 3 shaking will occur, so receiving an alert is not based on which tower the phone is communicating with, Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Wireless Emergency Alerts system, known as WEA, operates slightly differently.\u003cbr>\nWEA creates polygons that include cellphone towers, said Ryan Arba chief of the seismic hazards branch of the Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If your phone is currently communicating with that cell tower, the message will be broadcast to your phone,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person will get an alert if they are outside a polygon but their phone is communicating with a tower inside the polygon, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Kevin Stark contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1949333/download-californias-new-earthquake-early-warning-app",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1949333"
],
"categories": [
"science_38",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_427",
"science_3838"
],
"featImg": "science_1949154",
"label": "source_science_1949333"
},
"science_1949166": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1949166",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1949166",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571321069000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571321069,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Photos: What San Francisco's Marina District Looked Like After Loma Prieta and Now",
"headTitle": "Photos: What San Francisco’s Marina District Looked Like After Loma Prieta and Now | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On Tuesday, Oct. 17, 1989, as evening rush hour was getting underway, a 6.9 magnitude earthquake with an epicenter near the Loma Prieta peak of the Santa Cruz Mountains shook the entire Bay Area. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The quake killed at least 63 people and injured about 3,700. After the quake, thousands of buildings became uninhabitable, including dozens in \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Francisco’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marina District\u003c/span>.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Below are photos of what four locations in the neighborhood looked like both after the quake and today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003ch3> Divisadero north of Beach Street\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01A.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 1989\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 21, 1989. \u003cem>Photo by Getty\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01B.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 2019\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 4, 2019. \u003cem>Photo by Lindsey Moore\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003ch3>Fillmore Street near Cervantes Boulevard\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/02A.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 1989\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 17, 1989. \u003cem>Photo by Getty\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/02B.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 2019\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 4, 2019. \u003cem>Photo by Lindsey Moore\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003ch3>Corner of Jefferson and Divisadero streets\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03A.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 1989\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 21, 1989. \u003cem>Photo by Getty\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03B.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 2019\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 4 2019. \u003cem>Photo by Lindsey Moore\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003ch3>Corner of Beach and Divisadero streets\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/G01A.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 1989\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 17, 1989. \u003cem>Photo by Getty\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/G01B.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 2019\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 15, 2019. \u003cem>Photo by Getty\u003c/em>.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 165,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 3
},
"modified": 1704848232,
"excerpt": "Afer the quake, thousands of buildings became uninhabitable, including dozens in San Francisco’s Marina District.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Afer the quake, thousands of buildings became uninhabitable, including dozens in San Francisco’s Marina District.",
"title": "Photos: What San Francisco's Marina District Looked Like After Loma Prieta and Now | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Photos: What San Francisco's Marina District Looked Like After Loma Prieta and Now",
"datePublished": "2019-10-17T07:04:29-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:57:12-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "photos-what-san-franciscos-marina-looked-like-after-loma-prieta-and-now",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Loma Prieta Anniversary",
"path": "/science/1949166/photos-what-san-franciscos-marina-looked-like-after-loma-prieta-and-now",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On Tuesday, Oct. 17, 1989, as evening rush hour was getting underway, a 6.9 magnitude earthquake with an epicenter near the Loma Prieta peak of the Santa Cruz Mountains shook the entire Bay Area. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The quake killed at least 63 people and injured about 3,700. After the quake, thousands of buildings became uninhabitable, including dozens in \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Francisco’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marina District\u003c/span>.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Below are photos of what four locations in the neighborhood looked like both after the quake and today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003ch3> Divisadero north of Beach Street\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01A.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 1989\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 21, 1989. \u003cem>Photo by Getty\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/01B.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 2019\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 4, 2019. \u003cem>Photo by Lindsey Moore\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003ch3>Fillmore Street near Cervantes Boulevard\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/02A.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 1989\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 17, 1989. \u003cem>Photo by Getty\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/02B.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 2019\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 4, 2019. \u003cem>Photo by Lindsey Moore\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003ch3>Corner of Jefferson and Divisadero streets\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03A.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 1989\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 21, 1989. \u003cem>Photo by Getty\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/03B.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 2019\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 4 2019. \u003cem>Photo by Lindsey Moore\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" width=\"98%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003ch3>Corner of Beach and Divisadero streets\u003c/h3>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/G01A.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 1989\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 17, 1989. \u003cem>Photo by Getty\u003c/em>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/10/G01B.jpg\" alt=\"Loma Prieta 2019\" width=\"98%\">\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align: left;\">Oct. 15, 2019. \u003cem>Photo by Getty\u003c/em>.\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1949166/photos-what-san-franciscos-marina-looked-like-after-loma-prieta-and-now",
"authors": [
"11577"
],
"categories": [
"science_38",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_427"
],
"featImg": "science_1949150",
"label": "source_science_1949166"
},
"science_1948951": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1948951",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1948951",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1571072235000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1571072235,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Micro Power Grids Emerge as Way to Keep Electricity on During Shutoffs",
"headTitle": "Micro Power Grids Emerge as Way to Keep Electricity on During Shutoffs | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>For two days, life in Northern and Central California was completely upended by PG&E’s power shutdowns, affecting hundreds of thousands of customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday night, Gov. Gavin Newsom called a primetime press conference to publicly dress down the state’s largest investor-owned utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom placed the blame for the chaos squarely on the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Fremont Sustainabiity Coordinator Rachel DiFranco, speaking about city fire stations with small-scale power grids\"]‘There, we don’t have anything to worry about.’[/pullquote]“This is not, from my perspective, a climate change story as much as a story about greed and mismanagement over the course of decades,” he said. “Neglect. A desire to advance not public safety, but profits. Over the course of years and years and years, the kind of hardening of the grid was not done. Those were decisions made by Pacific Gas and Electric.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rewind to 8 a.m., Wednesday, when Rachel DiFranco, Fremont’s sustainability coordinator, drove to work expecting PG&E’s blackouts to roll across the city within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local officials and first responders were stressed about the potential impacts. But one key aspect of public safety they could scratch off their list of anxieties: three Fremont fire stations outfitted with a sophisticated power system designed to keep running when the grid goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There, we don’t have anything to worry about,” DiFranco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because Fremont is one of the first cities in the U.S. to install a microgrid, a small, self-contained electrical system, around a fire station. Fremont’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/startup-microgrids-fire-stations#gs.9d2sl3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microgrid\u003c/a> includes solar panels, batteries and a generator. Control software allows the stations to operate independently from PG&E’s grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The controller cuts over and pulls that power from the solar and battery,” DiFranco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, PG&E invested billions of dollars to inspect its lines, build \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942292/pge-wants-to-make-a-massive-investment-in-weather-stations-heres-why\">weather stations\u003c/a> to monitor fire conditions, and take other measures to protect it from liability in connection with sparking another fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the shutoffs that disrupted life throughout the Bay Area this week underscored, once again, that PG&E’s grid technology is old and lacks flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take long for lawmakers to \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jump\u003c/a> on PG&E. They accused the investor-owned utility of applying a jackhammer approach to a precision problem. The outages renewed questions about why the company did not include resilient grid technology like Fremont’s in its wildfire mitigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750896/cpuc-pge-deenergization-wildfire-safety-power-shutoffs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco State Sen. Scott Wiener said in an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\">KPIX\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\"> 5\u003c/a> that the shutdowns need to be as focused as possible. State Sen. Jerry Hill \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11779285/life-in-pges-blackout-outrage-and-optimism-on-day-2-of-outages\">sent\u003c/a> a letter to regulators on Wednesday pushing them to review the shutoffs and regulate them more aggressively in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sumeet Singh, the executive in charge of PG&E’s wildfire response, explained in a press conference that the utility cut power as a “last resort” to ensure the safety of its customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh said that one reason the shutoffs were impacting so many people is that regulators expanded guidelines for power shutoffs to include high-voltage lines. The utility complied, affecting many more customers than otherwise would have occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utility Commission is examining how projects like the one in Fremont can help shore up the system and make power shutoffs less disruptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, similar projects are at the Santa Rita \u003ca href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/santa-rita-jail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jail\u003c/a> in Alameda County and a Kaiser \u003ca href=\"https://lookinside.kaiserpermanente.org/powering-up-for-health/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospital\u003c/a> in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one Bay Area microgrid deployed during the outages last week. Stone Edge Farm, an organic farm and vineyard, is located in an area of Sonoma affected by the shutdowns. The farm’s solar and battery system kept power to three households, a woodworking shop, two car storage barns, trailers, a spa, and a refrigeration van that stored food for local restaurants, according to an email on Friday afternoon from the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, California lawmakers passed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1339\">SB 1339\u003c/a>, which required the California Public Utilities Commission to support the commercialization of more systems by Dec. 1, 2020. Last month, the power regulator opened a \u003ca href=\"https://apps.cpuc.ca.gov/apex/f?p=401:56:0::NO:RP,57,RIR:P5_PROCEEDING_SELECT:R1909009\">proceeding\u003c/a> to coordinate microgrids in high fire-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renewable energy advocates say that the outages should refocus PG&E on newer technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are going to see more microgrids as part of the overall strategy,” Michael Colvin, director of the Environmental Defense Fund’s California Energy program said. “The shutoffs will drive these investments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego Gas and Electric operates a microgrid at \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/more-information/environment/smart-grid/microgrids\">Borrego\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/more-information/environment/smart-grid/microgrids\">Springs\u003c/a>, and the utility has submitted a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/sites/default/files/S1950020-0519_poster4_.jpg?nid=12796\">plan\u003c/a> to regulators to build more throughout San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom praised the company, calling it “arguably one of the nation’s most effective and efficient” investor-owned utilities. For years, SDG&E has been turning off power lines when the wildfire risk is high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont’s $2.4 million project was developed by Gridscape Solutions, a renewable-energy-project developer based in the city itself. The California Energy Commission chipped in $1.8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the solar panels and batteries offer a consistent source of power, the city estimates that the system will save $250,000 in power costs over a 10-year period, and that it will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 80,000 pounds each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Personal Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, when Derek Krause, a retired firefighter, was at home in the Oakland foothills, he looked out the window and saw that the rest of the neighborhood, unlike in his house, was black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grid was down, Krause, realized. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunrun.com/solar-battery-storage\">battery\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunrun.com/solar-battery-storage\">pack\u003c/a> and solar panels he’d installed were keeping his lights on. Most of the time, his system is dormant, quietly feeding power back to PG&E’s grid, and giving Krause a break on his electricity bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with exploring commercial microgrids, commission officials expanded \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M312/K684/312684664.PDF\">incentives\u003c/a> for residential solar and battery systems like the one Krause owns. This \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/pge-puts-its-widescale-fire-prevention-power-outage-plan-into-effect#gs.9gi2zv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">includes\u003c/a> $100 million for fire-prone districts, the money designated for low-income households and homes with people with chronic medical conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elon Musk, CEO of automaker Tesla, and Lynn Jurich, CEO of Sunrun, a solar energy company, were quick to promote their products as a consumer solution for the recent power outages on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/LynnJurich/status/1182391894740877313?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1182089226826813440?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with manufacturing cars, Tesla also makes solar roofs and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/04/18/474346868/a-rare-look-inside-the-gigafactory-tesla-hopes-will-revolutionize-energy-use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">batteries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, as he struggled to find out whether his home would be one of the hundreds of thousands affected by PG&E’s shutoff, Krause’s memory of the last shutoff provided peace of mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had no luck using the PG&E website,” he said. “There was some kind of a map, but I plugged my address in and it said the system was down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Audrey Lee, an executive at Sunrun, the residential solar and battery company that made Krause’s system, said the company’s products can allow consumers to keep the power on even when the grid is down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s real for customers right now,” Lee said of the shutoffs. “We knew this was coming but it doesn’t rise to top of mind until it really happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent report, her company argued for a mass deployment of batteries and residential solar power across neighborhoods. Sunrun described this as a \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">virtual\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">power\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">plant\u003c/a> that operates like a neighborhood version of Fremont’s fire stations. The company is \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/185/sunrun-solar-and-battery-systems-to-help-replace-retiring\">piloting\u003c/a> a project in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunrun expects the tailwind of the shutoff events to drive homeowners’ interest in backup power systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its pitch to customers is that the solar-and-battery systems are cleaner than diesel generators in emergencies and save customers money on their energy bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scary story to me is that if people invest in fossil fuel generators en masse,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1370,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 41
},
"modified": 1704848234,
"excerpt": "The microgrid system could keep the lights on for an entire neighborhood, even if the main grid is shut down. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The microgrid system could keep the lights on for an entire neighborhood, even if the main grid is shut down. ",
"title": "Micro Power Grids Emerge as Way to Keep Electricity on During Shutoffs | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Micro Power Grids Emerge as Way to Keep Electricity on During Shutoffs",
"datePublished": "2019-10-14T09:57:15-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-09T16:57:14-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "micro-power-grids-emerging-as-a-way-to-keep-power-on-during-shutoffs",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "PG&E Power Outages",
"path": "/science/1948951/micro-power-grids-emerging-as-a-way-to-keep-power-on-during-shutoffs",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For two days, life in Northern and Central California was completely upended by PG&E’s power shutdowns, affecting hundreds of thousands of customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday night, Gov. Gavin Newsom called a primetime press conference to publicly dress down the state’s largest investor-owned utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom placed the blame for the chaos squarely on the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "‘There, we don’t have anything to worry about.’",
"name": "pullquote",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"citation": "Fremont Sustainabiity Coordinator Rachel DiFranco, speaking about city fire stations with small-scale power grids",
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is not, from my perspective, a climate change story as much as a story about greed and mismanagement over the course of decades,” he said. “Neglect. A desire to advance not public safety, but profits. Over the course of years and years and years, the kind of hardening of the grid was not done. Those were decisions made by Pacific Gas and Electric.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rewind to 8 a.m., Wednesday, when Rachel DiFranco, Fremont’s sustainability coordinator, drove to work expecting PG&E’s blackouts to roll across the city within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local officials and first responders were stressed about the potential impacts. But one key aspect of public safety they could scratch off their list of anxieties: three Fremont fire stations outfitted with a sophisticated power system designed to keep running when the grid goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There, we don’t have anything to worry about,” DiFranco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because Fremont is one of the first cities in the U.S. to install a microgrid, a small, self-contained electrical system, around a fire station. Fremont’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/startup-microgrids-fire-stations#gs.9d2sl3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">microgrid\u003c/a> includes solar panels, batteries and a generator. Control software allows the stations to operate independently from PG&E’s grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The controller cuts over and pulls that power from the solar and battery,” DiFranco said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, PG&E invested billions of dollars to inspect its lines, build \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942292/pge-wants-to-make-a-massive-investment-in-weather-stations-heres-why\">weather stations\u003c/a> to monitor fire conditions, and take other measures to protect it from liability in connection with sparking another fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the shutoffs that disrupted life throughout the Bay Area this week underscored, once again, that PG&E’s grid technology is old and lacks flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take long for lawmakers to \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jump\u003c/a> on PG&E. They accused the investor-owned utility of applying a jackhammer approach to a precision problem. The outages renewed questions about why the company did not include resilient grid technology like Fremont’s in its wildfire mitigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11750896/cpuc-pge-deenergization-wildfire-safety-power-shutoffs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco State Sen. Scott Wiener said in an interview with \u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\">KPIX\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2019/10/10/pge-power-shutoffs-state-sen-scott-wiener-proposes-clear-standards/\"> 5\u003c/a> that the shutdowns need to be as focused as possible. State Sen. Jerry Hill \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11779285/life-in-pges-blackout-outrage-and-optimism-on-day-2-of-outages\">sent\u003c/a> a letter to regulators on Wednesday pushing them to review the shutoffs and regulate them more aggressively in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sumeet Singh, the executive in charge of PG&E’s wildfire response, explained in a press conference that the utility cut power as a “last resort” to ensure the safety of its customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh said that one reason the shutoffs were impacting so many people is that regulators expanded guidelines for power shutoffs to include high-voltage lines. The utility complied, affecting many more customers than otherwise would have occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utility Commission is examining how projects like the one in Fremont can help shore up the system and make power shutoffs less disruptive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, similar projects are at the Santa Rita \u003ca href=\"https://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/santa-rita-jail\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jail\u003c/a> in Alameda County and a Kaiser \u003ca href=\"https://lookinside.kaiserpermanente.org/powering-up-for-health/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospital\u003c/a> in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one Bay Area microgrid deployed during the outages last week. Stone Edge Farm, an organic farm and vineyard, is located in an area of Sonoma affected by the shutdowns. The farm’s solar and battery system kept power to three households, a woodworking shop, two car storage barns, trailers, a spa, and a refrigeration van that stored food for local restaurants, according to an email on Friday afternoon from the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, California lawmakers passed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1339\">SB 1339\u003c/a>, which required the California Public Utilities Commission to support the commercialization of more systems by Dec. 1, 2020. Last month, the power regulator opened a \u003ca href=\"https://apps.cpuc.ca.gov/apex/f?p=401:56:0::NO:RP,57,RIR:P5_PROCEEDING_SELECT:R1909009\">proceeding\u003c/a> to coordinate microgrids in high fire-risk areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renewable energy advocates say that the outages should refocus PG&E on newer technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are going to see more microgrids as part of the overall strategy,” Michael Colvin, director of the Environmental Defense Fund’s California Energy program said. “The shutoffs will drive these investments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego Gas and Electric operates a microgrid at \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/more-information/environment/smart-grid/microgrids\">Borrego\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/more-information/environment/smart-grid/microgrids\">Springs\u003c/a>, and the utility has submitted a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sdge.com/sites/default/files/S1950020-0519_poster4_.jpg?nid=12796\">plan\u003c/a> to regulators to build more throughout San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom praised the company, calling it “arguably one of the nation’s most effective and efficient” investor-owned utilities. For years, SDG&E has been turning off power lines when the wildfire risk is high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont’s $2.4 million project was developed by Gridscape Solutions, a renewable-energy-project developer based in the city itself. The California Energy Commission chipped in $1.8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the solar panels and batteries offer a consistent source of power, the city estimates that the system will save $250,000 in power costs over a 10-year period, and that it will reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 80,000 pounds each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Personal Systems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, when Derek Krause, a retired firefighter, was at home in the Oakland foothills, he looked out the window and saw that the rest of the neighborhood, unlike in his house, was black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grid was down, Krause, realized. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunrun.com/solar-battery-storage\">battery\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sunrun.com/solar-battery-storage\">pack\u003c/a> and solar panels he’d installed were keeping his lights on. Most of the time, his system is dormant, quietly feeding power back to PG&E’s grid, and giving Krause a break on his electricity bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with exploring commercial microgrids, commission officials expanded \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M312/K684/312684664.PDF\">incentives\u003c/a> for residential solar and battery systems like the one Krause owns. This \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/pge-puts-its-widescale-fire-prevention-power-outage-plan-into-effect#gs.9gi2zv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">includes\u003c/a> $100 million for fire-prone districts, the money designated for low-income households and homes with people with chronic medical conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elon Musk, CEO of automaker Tesla, and Lynn Jurich, CEO of Sunrun, a solar energy company, were quick to promote their products as a consumer solution for the recent power outages on social media.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "singleTwitterStatus",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"id": "1182391894740877313"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "singleTwitterStatus",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"id": "1182089226826813440"
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Along with manufacturing cars, Tesla also makes solar roofs and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/04/18/474346868/a-rare-look-inside-the-gigafactory-tesla-hopes-will-revolutionize-energy-use\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">batteries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, as he struggled to find out whether his home would be one of the hundreds of thousands affected by PG&E’s shutoff, Krause’s memory of the last shutoff provided peace of mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had no luck using the PG&E website,” he said. “There was some kind of a map, but I plugged my address in and it said the system was down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Audrey Lee, an executive at Sunrun, the residential solar and battery company that made Krause’s system, said the company’s products can allow consumers to keep the power on even when the grid is down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s real for customers right now,” Lee said of the shutoffs. “We knew this was coming but it doesn’t rise to top of mind until it really happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent report, her company argued for a mass deployment of batteries and residential solar power across neighborhoods. Sunrun described this as a \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">virtual\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">power\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/126/sunrun-illustrates-potential-for-home-solar-and-batteries\">plant\u003c/a> that operates like a neighborhood version of Fremont’s fire stations. The company is \u003ca href=\"https://investors.sunrun.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/185/sunrun-solar-and-battery-systems-to-help-replace-retiring\">piloting\u003c/a> a project in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunrun expects the tailwind of the shutoff events to drive homeowners’ interest in backup power systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its pitch to customers is that the solar-and-battery systems are cleaner than diesel generators in emergencies and save customers money on their energy bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scary story to me is that if people invest in fossil fuel generators en masse,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1948951/micro-power-grids-emerging-as-a-way-to-keep-power-on-during-shutoffs",
"authors": [
"11608"
],
"categories": [
"science_33",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_4203",
"science_3370",
"science_136"
],
"featImg": "science_1948964",
"label": "source_science_1948951"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=news": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 1440,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 3368,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_1949677",
"science_1949697",
"science_1949656",
"science_1949619",
"science_1949607",
"science_1949531",
"science_1949483",
"science_1949350",
"science_1949362",
"science_1949333",
"science_1949166",
"science_1948951"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_news": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"source_science_1949677": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1949677",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Berkeleyside",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1949697": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1949697",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Water Policy",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1949656": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1949656",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "InsideClimate News",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1949619": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1949619",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "animals",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1949607": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1949607",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1949531": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1949531",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Science Education",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1949483": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1949483",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "PG&E Power Outages",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1949350": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1949350",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Earthquakes",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1949362": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1949362",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Earthquakes",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1949333": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1949333",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Earthquakes",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1949166": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1949166",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Loma Prieta Anniversary",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1948951": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1948951",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "PG&E Power Outages",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_3730": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3730",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3730",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Wildfires",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Wildfires Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3730,
"slug": "wildfires",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/wildfires"
},
"science_1665": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1665",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1665",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Berkeley",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Berkeley Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1674,
"slug": "berkeley",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/berkeley"
},
"science_113": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_113",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "113",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wildfire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wildfire Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 117,
"slug": "wildfire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/wildfire"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_192": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_192",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "192",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 196,
"slug": "environment-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environment-2"
},
"science_4122": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_4122",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "4122",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "InsideClimate News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "InsideClimate News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 4122,
"slug": "insideclimate-news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/insideclimate-news"
},
"science_2874": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2874",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2874",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Animals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2874,
"slug": "animals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/animals"
},
"science_30": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/biology"
},
"science_32": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_32",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "32",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Education",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Education Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 34,
"slug": "education",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/education"
},
"science_37": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_37",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "37",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Events",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Events Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 39,
"slug": "events",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/events"
},
"science_16": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_16",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "16",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Import",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Import Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 17,
"slug": "import",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/import"
},
"science_2544": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2544",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2544",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fungus",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fungus Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2556,
"slug": "fungus",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fungus"
},
"science_3838": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3838",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3838",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ingest",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ingest Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3838,
"slug": "ingest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/ingest"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_235": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_235",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "235",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "alzheimer's",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "alzheimer's Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 239,
"slug": "alzheimers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/alzheimers"
},
"science_233": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_233",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "233",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "diabetes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "diabetes Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 237,
"slug": "diabetes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/diabetes"
},
"science_5181": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_5181",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "5181",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 5181,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/health"
},
"science_3370": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3370",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3370",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3370,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/featured"
},
"science_346": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_346",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "346",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "science education",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "science education Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 352,
"slug": "science-education",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/science-education"
},
"science_283": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_283",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "283",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "power grid",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "power grid Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 288,
"slug": "power-grid",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/power-grid"
},
"science_38": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_38",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "38",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Geology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Geology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 40,
"slug": "geology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/geology"
},
"science_427": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_427",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "427",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "earthquakes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "earthquakes Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 433,
"slug": "earthquakes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/earthquakes"
},
"science_3832": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3832",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3832",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "FeatureText",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "FeatureText Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3832,
"slug": "featuretext",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/featuretext"
},
"science_1842": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1842",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1842",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "loma prieta earthquake",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "loma prieta earthquake Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1853,
"slug": "loma-prieta-earthquake",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/loma-prieta-earthquake"
},
"science_89": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_89",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "89",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 92,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/engineering"
},
"science_257": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_257",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "257",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "earthquake",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "earthquake Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 261,
"slug": "earthquake",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/earthquake"
},
"science_3833": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3833",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3833",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "FeatureRadio",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "FeatureRadio Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3833,
"slug": "featureradio",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/featureradio"
},
"science_33": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_33",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "33",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Energy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Energy Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 35,
"slug": "energy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/energy"
},
"science_4203": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_4203",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "4203",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Covering Climate Now",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Covering Climate Now Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 4203,
"slug": "covering-climate-now",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/covering-climate-now"
},
"science_136": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_136",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "136",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "PG&E",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "PG&E Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 140,
"slug": "pge",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/pge"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
