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"content": "\u003cp>California has been dreaming of a clean, modern \u003ca href=\"https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/hydrogen/hydrogen_cah2net.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hydrogen highway\u003c/a> since 2004, when former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger ordered preparations for a traffic jam of zero-emission, hydrogen-fueled cars, buses and trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Tyson Eckerle, Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development\"]‘Its moment is due. You are starting to see a sea change, as we get more aggressive about meeting our zero-carbon goals.[/pullquote]That revolution, part of the battle against climate change, never materialized. The technology remains expensive and hasn’t gained wide traction, ceding the green-transportation crown to battery-powered electric vehicles, which are more widely available and support an ever-growing recharging network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with successful pilot projects using hydrogen buses and freight trucks, and car manufacturers preparing to expand model options in the tiny consumer car market, proponents say this may be the year when the “fuel of the future” finally arrives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Its moment is due. You are starting to see a sea change, as we get more aggressive about meeting our zero-carbon goals,” said Tyson Eckerle, deputy director of zero-emission infrastructure in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.business.ca.gov/Programs/Zero-Emission-Vehicles-ZEV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has continued to foster the promise of hydrogen fuel to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/can-california-put-cars-in-the-rear-view-mirror/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pry carbon from transportation\u003c/a>, California’s biggest source of planet-warming emissions. It has spent more than $300 million in the past 10 years funding rebates for those who buy or lease hydrogen cars, construction of refueling stations and the purchase of transit buses, as well as subsidizing development of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2019/12/california-controversial-advanced-clean-trucks-regulation-air-pollution/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hydrogen-driven freight trucks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, at the moment, California\u003cem> is\u003c/em> the hydrogen market: All but a handful of the 7,800 hydrogen-powered cars in the U.S. are here. For car-centric Californians, there’s much to like: Hydrogen vehicles fuel up in a few minutes —\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>as opposed to hours of charging for most electric vehicles — and their efficiency affords a long driving range.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1955713 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/HYDROGEN-FUEL-graphic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"666\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/HYDROGEN-FUEL-graphic.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/HYDROGEN-FUEL-graphic-160x266.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen as a transportation fuel has many applications. More than 26,000 hydrogen-powered forklifts are whirring around warehouses today, for example. The U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/space-applications-of-hydrogen-and-fuel-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">space program\u003c/a> has long used hydrogen as rocket fuel. And more than a decade of testing hydrogen engines in transit bus fleets has produced results that surpassed projections, exceeding time without major repairs or replacement needed as compared to diesel engines. Hydrogen-fueled trucks are lighter, which translates into efficiency for long-haul drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckerle said the dozen or so \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/transportation/altfueltech/hydrogen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state programs\u003c/a> encourage hydrogen technology to increase consumer choice — “seed-planting.” This investment will soon be eclipsed by that of private companies, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge for the automotive industry is overcoming basic market forces. There may be nearly 8,000 hydrogen cars on California roads, but that’s a microscopic number amid the state’s 35 million registered vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cars are not easy to find, nor are the \u003ca href=\"https://cafcp.org/stationmap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fueling stations\u003c/a>: California has only 44 such stations, mainly in populous cities. It’s nearly impossible to fuel up a hydrogen car at home, so a broad network of stations is critical to wider adoption, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason motorists may not notice the hydrogen cars in their midst is that hydrogen-fueled Toyotas, Hondas and Hyundais don’t look much different from other sedans. That obscurity\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>could end this summer, though, when hydrogen cars and shuttle buses built in Japan will be showcased at the \u003ca href=\"https://fuelcellmaterials.com/tokyo-2020-the-first-hydrogen-olympic-games/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tokyo Olympics\u003c/a>. Even the Olympic Torch will be lit with a hydrogen flame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The international exposure, coupled with increased consumer education from manufacturers, could catapult hydrogen to front-of-mind for car buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are at a really interesting point right now,” said Keith Malone, spokesman for the California Fuel Cell Partnership, which brings together state agencies, vehicle manufacturers and natural gas companies that make hydrogen fuel. “It’s no longer about proving the technology. It’s about bringing the technology to scale to drive down costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen fuel is much more efficient than gasoline, but it’s also four times more expensive, roughly equivalent to about $16 a gallon. Even though hydrogen cars, which run electric engines, have cruising ranges of more than 350 miles — longer than any battery-electric and some gas-fueled vehicles — the cost of a fillup is significant. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incentives have eased that financial hit somewhat. Manufacturers offer refueling cards loaded with three years’ worth of credit, and the state offers a $4,500 \u003ca href=\"https://cleanvehiclerebate.org/eng/eligible-vehicles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clean-car rebate\u003c/a>. That rebate mostly offsets the first year of leasing a hydrogen vehicle, which most drivers choose over purchasing. New hydrogen cars are in the $60,000 range, and lack the variety of model options available for battery-powered electric cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Slavin and his wife, who live in the Los Angeles suburb of Altadena, made a spreadsheet to weigh the pros and cons of driving a hydrogen-fueled car and concluded that continuing to own a gas-electric hybrid “didn’t pencil out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a big fan of this car; I preach about them,” Aaron Slavin said, while refueling his 2017 Toyota Mirai at a one-bay hydrogen pump tucked into a conventional gas station in South Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955711\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1955711\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/RS40728_HYDROGEN-FUEL-photo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/RS40728_HYDROGEN-FUEL-photo.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/RS40728_HYDROGEN-FUEL-photo-160x183.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aaron Slavin fuels his hydrogen-powered Toyota Mrai. \u003ccite>(Julie Cart/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Slavin, a performing-arts producer, said he is a perfect candidate for the car — self employed, with no regular commute, and with a hybrid SUV as backup.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second car became critical last year when an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/hydrogen-fuel-cell-car-california-explosion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explosion at fuel-production facility\u003c/a> choked supplies for months, leaving some hydrogen stations with empty tanks, stranding some drivers or necessitating long trips to alternative stations. The crisis, which some drivers dubbed the “hydropocalypse,” sent Slavin to a smartphone app that provided a real-time inventory of fuel at each station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fuel hiccup has been resolved, but it raised a red flag. “Our lease is up in April, and I really have to give some thought to what we’ll do,” Slavin said. “I like the car, but I’m concerned about the fuel situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Producing energy from hydrogen has long been an enticing goal. After all, hydrogen is the world’s most abundant element, it’s energy-dense yet lightweight and, when used in transportation, emits not greenhouse gases but\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>tiny pools of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a carbon backstory to this clean-burning fuel. Even though after it is formulated it powers zero-emission electric motors, about 95% of hydrogen fuel is made with an energy-intensive process that relies on methane, the worst of the planet-warming gases. That makes it difficult for some environmental groups to support hydrogen vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to get methane out of the system, not establish a dependence on producing more,” said Kathryn Phillips, Director of the Sierra Club in California. “If you look at hydrogen fuel cells through an environmental lens, right now it’s not the best use of state funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents respond in two ways: While the state transitions to a zero-carbon economy, why not capture and use methane that today is spewing, unchecked, into the atmosphere from oil and gas facilities and landfills?\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Why not switch to a process that doesn’t require methane and instead uses the state’s surplus of solar power to do it, rendering the manufacturing clean and green?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the advantages of faster refueling, lighter weight and longer range than battery electrics or gasoline cars, hydrogen vehicles can’t compete in a critical category: price. A conventional city bus may carry a price tag of $450,000. A hydrogen bus with the same specifications runs closer to $1 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Lewis Fulton, a transportation researcher at UC Davis, hydrogen presents “several different chicken-egg problems at the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until more cars are produced and purchased, he said, there won’t be more \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/transportation/altfueltech/hydrogen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hydrogen fueling stations\u003c/a>. And until there are enough fueling stations, consumers may worry they’ll be stranded and won’t feel comfortable driving the cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way to solve it is a really massive policy push,” Fulton said. “There’s already a fairly big one going on in the state, but I don’t know if it’s big enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s efforts to encourage the hydrogen car market could be thwarted as part of its ongoing battle with the Trump administration, which last year withdrew the state’s authority to set its own tailpipe emissions standards. Car makers who sided with the feds in favor of lower emissions rules will \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2019/11/california-says-it-wont-buy-cars-from-gm-toyota-others-opposing-tough-fuel-standards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pay a price\u003c/a> by being excluded from the state’s vehicle fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toyota, which took Washington’s side, would be left out at a time when the company is ramping up its hydrogen program and, by dint of its status as a major international car maker, is expected to significantly raise consumer awareness about hydrogen vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents downplayed the issue. Eckerle admitted, “It is an elephant in the room.” But he added that the state has no indication from car makers that they intend to back away from their commitment to making hydrogen vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a bump in the road,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CalMatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That revolution, part of the battle against climate change, never materialized. The technology remains expensive and hasn’t gained wide traction, ceding the green-transportation crown to battery-powered electric vehicles, which are more widely available and support an ever-growing recharging network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with successful pilot projects using hydrogen buses and freight trucks, and car manufacturers preparing to expand model options in the tiny consumer car market, proponents say this may be the year when the “fuel of the future” finally arrives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Its moment is due. You are starting to see a sea change, as we get more aggressive about meeting our zero-carbon goals,” said Tyson Eckerle, deputy director of zero-emission infrastructure in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.business.ca.gov/Programs/Zero-Emission-Vehicles-ZEV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has continued to foster the promise of hydrogen fuel to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/projects/can-california-put-cars-in-the-rear-view-mirror/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pry carbon from transportation\u003c/a>, California’s biggest source of planet-warming emissions. It has spent more than $300 million in the past 10 years funding rebates for those who buy or lease hydrogen cars, construction of refueling stations and the purchase of transit buses, as well as subsidizing development of \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2019/12/california-controversial-advanced-clean-trucks-regulation-air-pollution/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hydrogen-driven freight trucks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, at the moment, California\u003cem> is\u003c/em> the hydrogen market: All but a handful of the 7,800 hydrogen-powered cars in the U.S. are here. For car-centric Californians, there’s much to like: Hydrogen vehicles fuel up in a few minutes —\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>as opposed to hours of charging for most electric vehicles — and their efficiency affords a long driving range.\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1955713 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/HYDROGEN-FUEL-graphic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"666\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/HYDROGEN-FUEL-graphic.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/HYDROGEN-FUEL-graphic-160x266.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen as a transportation fuel has many applications. More than 26,000 hydrogen-powered forklifts are whirring around warehouses today, for example. The U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/content/space-applications-of-hydrogen-and-fuel-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">space program\u003c/a> has long used hydrogen as rocket fuel. And more than a decade of testing hydrogen engines in transit bus fleets has produced results that surpassed projections, exceeding time without major repairs or replacement needed as compared to diesel engines. Hydrogen-fueled trucks are lighter, which translates into efficiency for long-haul drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eckerle said the dozen or so \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/transportation/altfueltech/hydrogen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state programs\u003c/a> encourage hydrogen technology to increase consumer choice — “seed-planting.” This investment will soon be eclipsed by that of private companies, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge for the automotive industry is overcoming basic market forces. There may be nearly 8,000 hydrogen cars on California roads, but that’s a microscopic number amid the state’s 35 million registered vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cars are not easy to find, nor are the \u003ca href=\"https://cafcp.org/stationmap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">fueling stations\u003c/a>: California has only 44 such stations, mainly in populous cities. It’s nearly impossible to fuel up a hydrogen car at home, so a broad network of stations is critical to wider adoption, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason motorists may not notice the hydrogen cars in their midst is that hydrogen-fueled Toyotas, Hondas and Hyundais don’t look much different from other sedans. That obscurity\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>could end this summer, though, when hydrogen cars and shuttle buses built in Japan will be showcased at the \u003ca href=\"https://fuelcellmaterials.com/tokyo-2020-the-first-hydrogen-olympic-games/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tokyo Olympics\u003c/a>. Even the Olympic Torch will be lit with a hydrogen flame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The international exposure, coupled with increased consumer education from manufacturers, could catapult hydrogen to front-of-mind for car buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are at a really interesting point right now,” said Keith Malone, spokesman for the California Fuel Cell Partnership, which brings together state agencies, vehicle manufacturers and natural gas companies that make hydrogen fuel. “It’s no longer about proving the technology. It’s about bringing the technology to scale to drive down costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen fuel is much more efficient than gasoline, but it’s also four times more expensive, roughly equivalent to about $16 a gallon. Even though hydrogen cars, which run electric engines, have cruising ranges of more than 350 miles — longer than any battery-electric and some gas-fueled vehicles — the cost of a fillup is significant. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incentives have eased that financial hit somewhat. Manufacturers offer refueling cards loaded with three years’ worth of credit, and the state offers a $4,500 \u003ca href=\"https://cleanvehiclerebate.org/eng/eligible-vehicles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">clean-car rebate\u003c/a>. That rebate mostly offsets the first year of leasing a hydrogen vehicle, which most drivers choose over purchasing. New hydrogen cars are in the $60,000 range, and lack the variety of model options available for battery-powered electric cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Slavin and his wife, who live in the Los Angeles suburb of Altadena, made a spreadsheet to weigh the pros and cons of driving a hydrogen-fueled car and concluded that continuing to own a gas-electric hybrid “didn’t pencil out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a big fan of this car; I preach about them,” Aaron Slavin said, while refueling his 2017 Toyota Mirai at a one-bay hydrogen pump tucked into a conventional gas station in South Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955711\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1955711\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/RS40728_HYDROGEN-FUEL-photo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/RS40728_HYDROGEN-FUEL-photo.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/RS40728_HYDROGEN-FUEL-photo-160x183.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aaron Slavin fuels his hydrogen-powered Toyota Mrai. \u003ccite>(Julie Cart/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Slavin, a performing-arts producer, said he is a perfect candidate for the car — self employed, with no regular commute, and with a hybrid SUV as backup.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second car became critical last year when an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/hydrogen-fuel-cell-car-california-explosion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">explosion at fuel-production facility\u003c/a> choked supplies for months, leaving some hydrogen stations with empty tanks, stranding some drivers or necessitating long trips to alternative stations. The crisis, which some drivers dubbed the “hydropocalypse,” sent Slavin to a smartphone app that provided a real-time inventory of fuel at each station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fuel hiccup has been resolved, but it raised a red flag. “Our lease is up in April, and I really have to give some thought to what we’ll do,” Slavin said. “I like the car, but I’m concerned about the fuel situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Producing energy from hydrogen has long been an enticing goal. After all, hydrogen is the world’s most abundant element, it’s energy-dense yet lightweight and, when used in transportation, emits not greenhouse gases but\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>tiny pools of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a carbon backstory to this clean-burning fuel. Even though after it is formulated it powers zero-emission electric motors, about 95% of hydrogen fuel is made with an energy-intensive process that relies on methane, the worst of the planet-warming gases. That makes it difficult for some environmental groups to support hydrogen vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to get methane out of the system, not establish a dependence on producing more,” said Kathryn Phillips, Director of the Sierra Club in California. “If you look at hydrogen fuel cells through an environmental lens, right now it’s not the best use of state funds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents respond in two ways: While the state transitions to a zero-carbon economy, why not capture and use methane that today is spewing, unchecked, into the atmosphere from oil and gas facilities and landfills?\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Why not switch to a process that doesn’t require methane and instead uses the state’s surplus of solar power to do it, rendering the manufacturing clean and green?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the advantages of faster refueling, lighter weight and longer range than battery electrics or gasoline cars, hydrogen vehicles can’t compete in a critical category: price. A conventional city bus may carry a price tag of $450,000. A hydrogen bus with the same specifications runs closer to $1 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Lewis Fulton, a transportation researcher at UC Davis, hydrogen presents “several different chicken-egg problems at the same time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until more cars are produced and purchased, he said, there won’t be more \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.energy.ca.gov/transportation/altfueltech/hydrogen.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hydrogen fueling stations\u003c/a>. And until there are enough fueling stations, consumers may worry they’ll be stranded and won’t feel comfortable driving the cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way to solve it is a really massive policy push,” Fulton said. “There’s already a fairly big one going on in the state, but I don’t know if it’s big enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s efforts to encourage the hydrogen car market could be thwarted as part of its ongoing battle with the Trump administration, which last year withdrew the state’s authority to set its own tailpipe emissions standards. Car makers who sided with the feds in favor of lower emissions rules will \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2019/11/california-says-it-wont-buy-cars-from-gm-toyota-others-opposing-tough-fuel-standards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pay a price\u003c/a> by being excluded from the state’s vehicle fleet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toyota, which took Washington’s side, would be left out at a time when the company is ramping up its hydrogen program and, by dint of its status as a major international car maker, is expected to significantly raise consumer awareness about hydrogen vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents downplayed the issue. Eckerle admitted, “It is an elephant in the room.” But he added that the state has no indication from car makers that they intend to back away from their commitment to making hydrogen vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a bump in the road,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Coastal Commission and the State Lands Commission continue their battle with Silicon Valley billionaire Vinod Khosla over public access to Martins Beach on the San Mateo County coast. For 100 years, Bay Area families have been going to this beach, seven miles south of Half Moon Bay, to fish, swim and picnic. The only way onto this scenic beach is a single road through private property. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After Khosla, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, bought the land surrounding Martins Beach in 2008, he restricted access to that road by displaying “No Trespassing” signs, charging parking fees, and locking its access gate. This newest lawsuit continues a 10-year conflict that could affect land-access rights throughout California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Paul Rogers\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, managing editor of KQED Science, has been covering the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/01/06/martins-beach-california-sues-billionaire-vinod-khosla-over-public-access/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the Mercury News, where he writes about the environment. He and KQED’s Brian Watt spoke about the latest developments and long history surrounding Martins Beach. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s at the center of this newest lawsuit?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under a legal doctrine in California called \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=SSEZXsfcJYT-9AOpy5mIBg&q=implied+dedication&oq=implied+dedication&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0l2j0i22i30l8.2317.4585..4815...0.0..0.120.1198.16j2......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i131j0i70i249j0i22i10i30.Koki5eX5LGg&ved=0ahUKEwiHpbahr_rmAhUEP30KHallBmEQ4dUDCAg&uact=5&safe=active&ssui=on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">implied dedication\u003c/a>, public use of a road for five years or more without restrictions establishes a permanent legal right to the road. Khosla argues that people never had that right because, for years before he bought the land surrounding the beach, its former owners charged a parking fee. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote] This case represents a big clash between two rights: private property and free access to California’s coastline. [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last year in a separate lawsuit, a state appeals court agreed with Khosla. But the Coastal Commission is now arguing that the court didn’t consider all the evidence. For this new lawsuit, to demonstrate that people routinely used the access road without paying, the Coastal Commission has collected a century of photographs, journal entries, letters and the like from 230 families.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This is just one beach. Why is \u003c/b>\u003cb>this\u003c/b>\u003cb> case such a big deal?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmental groups and beachgoers say that what happens at Martins Beach could set a precedent that would allow very wealthy people in other parts of California — Malibu for example — to block access to public lands. Khosla has argued that he’s sticking up for his private property rights. Just as people have no right to walk through a landowner’s backyard without permission, he contends that they have no right to use the road through his property. This case represents a big clash between two rights: private property and free access to California’s coastline. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Didn’t Khosla already lose a case that went all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two years ago, the nation’s highest court refused to hear an appeal of a case that Khosla lost in three lower courts in California. The landowner had argued that he did not need a permit to close the gate to the access road running through his property to the beach. But California’s coastal law is pretty clear. Property owners need permits from the Coastal Commission not only when they build houses near the beach, but also if they change public access to the beach. So Khosla lost that case. Since then, he has opened the gate most days and he allows people who pay a $10 parking fee to drive to the beach.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How will the result of this latest lawsuit affect the fight over this beach?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s a really big juncture in this long-running battle because a win for Khosla would establish that there is no legal public right to use that road. Such a decision would make it easier for him to get a permit to close the gate from the Coastal Commission. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If the state wins, there’s almost no way that the Coastal Commission is going to grant that Khosla permit. Commissioners would argue that the public right to that road existed for decades. Additionally, the commission would probably prevent Khosla from charging the $10 parking fee. Potentially, it could fine him $20 million or more. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if California loses this case, the State Lands Commission could try to seize the road or access to it by eminent domain.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Coastal Commission and the State Lands Commission continue their battle with Silicon Valley billionaire Vinod Khosla over public access to Martins Beach on the San Mateo County coast. For 100 years, Bay Area families have been going to this beach, seven miles south of Half Moon Bay, to fish, swim and picnic. The only way onto this scenic beach is a single road through private property. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After Khosla, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, bought the land surrounding Martins Beach in 2008, he restricted access to that road by displaying “No Trespassing” signs, charging parking fees, and locking its access gate. This newest lawsuit continues a 10-year conflict that could affect land-access rights throughout California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Paul Rogers\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, managing editor of KQED Science, has been covering the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/01/06/martins-beach-california-sues-billionaire-vinod-khosla-over-public-access/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for the Mercury News, where he writes about the environment. He and KQED’s Brian Watt spoke about the latest developments and long history surrounding Martins Beach. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>What’s at the center of this newest lawsuit?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under a legal doctrine in California called \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=SSEZXsfcJYT-9AOpy5mIBg&q=implied+dedication&oq=implied+dedication&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0l2j0i22i30l8.2317.4585..4815...0.0..0.120.1198.16j2......0....1..gws-wiz.......0i131j0i70i249j0i22i10i30.Koki5eX5LGg&ved=0ahUKEwiHpbahr_rmAhUEP30KHallBmEQ4dUDCAg&uact=5&safe=active&ssui=on\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">implied dedication\u003c/a>, public use of a road for five years or more without restrictions establishes a permanent legal right to the road. Khosla argues that people never had that right because, for years before he bought the land surrounding the beach, its former owners charged a parking fee. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>This is just one beach. Why is \u003c/b>\u003cb>this\u003c/b>\u003cb> case such a big deal?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmental groups and beachgoers say that what happens at Martins Beach could set a precedent that would allow very wealthy people in other parts of California — Malibu for example — to block access to public lands. Khosla has argued that he’s sticking up for his private property rights. Just as people have no right to walk through a landowner’s backyard without permission, he contends that they have no right to use the road through his property. This case represents a big clash between two rights: private property and free access to California’s coastline. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Didn’t Khosla already lose a case that went all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two years ago, the nation’s highest court refused to hear an appeal of a case that Khosla lost in three lower courts in California. The landowner had argued that he did not need a permit to close the gate to the access road running through his property to the beach. But California’s coastal law is pretty clear. Property owners need permits from the Coastal Commission not only when they build houses near the beach, but also if they change public access to the beach. So Khosla lost that case. Since then, he has opened the gate most days and he allows people who pay a $10 parking fee to drive to the beach.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How will the result of this latest lawsuit affect the fight over this beach?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s a really big juncture in this long-running battle because a win for Khosla would establish that there is no legal public right to use that road. Such a decision would make it easier for him to get a permit to close the gate from the Coastal Commission. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If the state wins, there’s almost no way that the Coastal Commission is going to grant that Khosla permit. Commissioners would argue that the public right to that road existed for decades. Additionally, the commission would probably prevent Khosla from charging the $10 parking fee. Potentially, it could fine him $20 million or more. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Even if California loses this case, the State Lands Commission could try to seize the road or access to it by eminent domain.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A sunny walk along San Francisco’s Embarcadero is about as nice as it gets, with the waterside promenade framed by a stunning view of the Bay Bridge. Strolling day trippers can also visit much-loved city attractions such as the Exploratorium science museum and the Ferry Building, loaded with gourmet snacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1954745']This weekend, however, all that charm is going to be flanked by a sobering reminder of climate change. The Embarcadero is also one of the premier spots in the region to glimpse the future as it relates to rising seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The King Tides of today are the standard high tides of tomorrow,” said Lori Lambertson, an educator at the Exploratorium who will lead a \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/king-tide-walk-1-11-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Saturday morning walk\u003c/a> between Piers 3 and 5, so that members of the public can see, photograph and learn about the phenomenon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King tides receive their royal designation because they produce the highest, as well as the lowest, tides of the year. In the winter, they rise and fall along the Pacific coast when the sun and moon line up in their coziest proximity to Earth, exerting their greatest gravitational pull upon ocean waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, tides fluctuate constantly. There are the bimonthly “spring tides,” which have nothing to do with the season; the name refers to water “springing forth” during the full and new moons, when tidal swings are greater than normal. The first spring tide occurs when the moon is “new” and invisible to earthlings, and it hangs directly between our planet and the sun, with both bodies gravitationally pulling on our waters. Then, during the full moon phase, it’s Earth that’s in the middle; the ocean’s waters are still pulled higher by gravity, but in different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three or four times a year, one of these spring tides coincides with perigee of the moon, when it has reached its closest point to the Earth in a 28-day orbit. This creates a “perigean spring tide,” with the difference from a normal spring tide generally measured in inches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1955626\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/perigeanspringtide-800x608.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/perigeanspringtide-800x608.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/perigeanspringtide-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/perigeanspringtide-768x584.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/perigeanspringtide.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, all king tides are perigean spring tides, but all perigean spring tides are not necessarily king tides. (Do not let this distress you; just embrace the wonder and complexity of gravity and the ocean.) Along the Pacific coast, the winter perigean spring tides are more noticeable and more likely to contribute to flooding than summer tides, owing to winter weather patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While high and low tides are a product of scientific phenomena, the terminology we use to describe them is not. (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration simply \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/perigean-spring-tide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">says\u003c/a>, “A King Tide is a non-scientific term people often use to describe exceptionally high tides.”) So what qualifies as a king tide depends on whom you ask. Thus, the frequency of king tides is described differently by different sources \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> anywhere between 1-4 times a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents will be able to witness the first king tides of the year \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1954745/where-and-when-to-see-king-tides-in-the-bay-area-this-weekend\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">throughout this weekend\u003c/a>, with a second set occuring Feb. 8-10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Glimpse of the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspiration for the creation of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California King Tides Project\u003c/a> was a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">perception that the public conversation around climate change was unhelpful and even counterproductive, says \u003c/span>Marina Psaros, the project’s co-founder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was about drowning polar bears and things that were happening far away,” said Psaros, who currently works for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission on clean energy. She thought many of the people talking about climate change seemed fixated on difficult and technical scientific questions that were incomprehensible to all but the experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we asked, ‘Is there any way to put people at the center of their own experience with this, instead of beating them over the head with science or with polar bears?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project emphasizes king tides as a local preview of what’s in store as related to rising seas caused by climate change. As the Earth warms, water expands and occupies more space. Melting ice runs into the ocean and increases its volume. These two consequences of a warmer climate are so far estimated to have contributed equally to sea level rise, according to Lambertson. The temporary \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> for now \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> surge in sea level during king tides gives us a chance to observe the areas first on the list to be impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to know all the science,” says Psaros. “You can just go out and see what’s at risk in your community, go out during a king tide and watch the water spill over the Embarcadero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trying to Adapt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More sea level rise is certain, though exactly how fast it’s coming is unclear. The water may creep up slowly, or it may rise rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay has already gone up about 8 inches \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> a measurement taken at the Golden Gate Bridge \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> in the last 100 years, giving officials in low-lying areas an impetus to prepare for the coming encroachment of the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marin County Flood Control District, for example, is looking at how to move levees back to give waterways like the lower Novato Creek a wider floodplain and more room to flow and transport sediment. The district is also interested in building up new tidal marshes, which will act like sponges and slow the rise and fall of water levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, voters in Foster City overwhelmingly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924576/measure-p-foster-citys-90-million-tax-to-defend-against-rising-sea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">approved\u003c/a> a tax on themselves to pay for raising a levee. To protect the Embarcadero, San Francisco voters \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933956/proposition-a-san-franciscans-want-a-new-seawall-and-vote-to-pay-for-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">passed\u003c/a> by more than 4 to 1 a bond measure to strengthen the crumbing sea wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of just how much higher the water is going to get, recent indications from climate studies have not been good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time the IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] has issued a new report, the higher boundary of where seas might rise … get(s) higher and higher,” said Psaros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid these worries, she sees people who want to be able to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And something they can do is actually help scientists and policymakers, by going out and getting the data that we need in order to make better decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psaros says her favorite kind of data for participants to collect is sociological. She remembers in particular working with a continuation high school where the students wanted to do more than just collect pictures of the tides. She created a survey for them with questions about climate change so they could gather responses from the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These kids were from everywhere and they were given this assignment to go talk to people in their community. So the results they brought back were … Tagalog and Vietnamese and Spanish and a bunch of languages and perspectives that governments want but often just can’t get,” Psaros said. “Newcomer communities are not [usually] showing up at the 7 p.m. community master plan meeting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "King Tides: A Story of the Moon, Sun and Sea | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A sunny walk along San Francisco’s Embarcadero is about as nice as it gets, with the waterside promenade framed by a stunning view of the Bay Bridge. Strolling day trippers can also visit much-loved city attractions such as the Exploratorium science museum and the Ferry Building, loaded with gourmet snacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This weekend, however, all that charm is going to be flanked by a sobering reminder of climate change. The Embarcadero is also one of the premier spots in the region to glimpse the future as it relates to rising seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The King Tides of today are the standard high tides of tomorrow,” said Lori Lambertson, an educator at the Exploratorium who will lead a \u003ca href=\"https://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/calendar/king-tide-walk-1-11-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Saturday morning walk\u003c/a> between Piers 3 and 5, so that members of the public can see, photograph and learn about the phenomenon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King tides receive their royal designation because they produce the highest, as well as the lowest, tides of the year. In the winter, they rise and fall along the Pacific coast when the sun and moon line up in their coziest proximity to Earth, exerting their greatest gravitational pull upon ocean waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, tides fluctuate constantly. There are the bimonthly “spring tides,” which have nothing to do with the season; the name refers to water “springing forth” during the full and new moons, when tidal swings are greater than normal. The first spring tide occurs when the moon is “new” and invisible to earthlings, and it hangs directly between our planet and the sun, with both bodies gravitationally pulling on our waters. Then, during the full moon phase, it’s Earth that’s in the middle; the ocean’s waters are still pulled higher by gravity, but in different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three or four times a year, one of these spring tides coincides with perigee of the moon, when it has reached its closest point to the Earth in a 28-day orbit. This creates a “perigean spring tide,” with the difference from a normal spring tide generally measured in inches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1955626\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/perigeanspringtide-800x608.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/perigeanspringtide-800x608.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/perigeanspringtide-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/perigeanspringtide-768x584.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/perigeanspringtide.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, all king tides are perigean spring tides, but all perigean spring tides are not necessarily king tides. (Do not let this distress you; just embrace the wonder and complexity of gravity and the ocean.) Along the Pacific coast, the winter perigean spring tides are more noticeable and more likely to contribute to flooding than summer tides, owing to winter weather patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While high and low tides are a product of scientific phenomena, the terminology we use to describe them is not. (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration simply \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/perigean-spring-tide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">says\u003c/a>, “A King Tide is a non-scientific term people often use to describe exceptionally high tides.”) So what qualifies as a king tide depends on whom you ask. Thus, the frequency of king tides is described differently by different sources \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> anywhere between 1-4 times a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area residents will be able to witness the first king tides of the year \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1954745/where-and-when-to-see-king-tides-in-the-bay-area-this-weekend\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">throughout this weekend\u003c/a>, with a second set occuring Feb. 8-10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Glimpse of the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspiration for the creation of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California King Tides Project\u003c/a> was a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">perception that the public conversation around climate change was unhelpful and even counterproductive, says \u003c/span>Marina Psaros, the project’s co-founder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was about drowning polar bears and things that were happening far away,” said Psaros, who currently works for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission on clean energy. She thought many of the people talking about climate change seemed fixated on difficult and technical scientific questions that were incomprehensible to all but the experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we asked, ‘Is there any way to put people at the center of their own experience with this, instead of beating them over the head with science or with polar bears?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project emphasizes king tides as a local preview of what’s in store as related to rising seas caused by climate change. As the Earth warms, water expands and occupies more space. Melting ice runs into the ocean and increases its volume. These two consequences of a warmer climate are so far estimated to have contributed equally to sea level rise, according to Lambertson. The temporary \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> for now \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> surge in sea level during king tides gives us a chance to observe the areas first on the list to be impacted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to know all the science,” says Psaros. “You can just go out and see what’s at risk in your community, go out during a king tide and watch the water spill over the Embarcadero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trying to Adapt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More sea level rise is certain, though exactly how fast it’s coming is unclear. The water may creep up slowly, or it may rise rapidly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay has already gone up about 8 inches \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> a measurement taken at the Golden Gate Bridge \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">—\u003c/span> in the last 100 years, giving officials in low-lying areas an impetus to prepare for the coming encroachment of the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Marin County Flood Control District, for example, is looking at how to move levees back to give waterways like the lower Novato Creek a wider floodplain and more room to flow and transport sediment. The district is also interested in building up new tidal marshes, which will act like sponges and slow the rise and fall of water levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, voters in Foster City overwhelmingly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924576/measure-p-foster-citys-90-million-tax-to-defend-against-rising-sea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">approved\u003c/a> a tax on themselves to pay for raising a levee. To protect the Embarcadero, San Francisco voters \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933956/proposition-a-san-franciscans-want-a-new-seawall-and-vote-to-pay-for-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">passed\u003c/a> by more than 4 to 1 a bond measure to strengthen the crumbing sea wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of just how much higher the water is going to get, recent indications from climate studies have not been good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every time the IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] has issued a new report, the higher boundary of where seas might rise … get(s) higher and higher,” said Psaros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid these worries, she sees people who want to be able to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And something they can do is actually help scientists and policymakers, by going out and getting the data that we need in order to make better decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psaros says her favorite kind of data for participants to collect is sociological. She remembers in particular working with a continuation high school where the students wanted to do more than just collect pictures of the tides. She created a survey for them with questions about climate change so they could gather responses from the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These kids were from everywhere and they were given this assignment to go talk to people in their community. So the results they brought back were … Tagalog and Vietnamese and Spanish and a bunch of languages and perspectives that governments want but often just can’t get,” Psaros said. “Newcomer communities are not [usually] showing up at the 7 p.m. community master plan meeting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Climate Budget to Include $1 Billion Green Loan Fund",
"headTitle": "California Climate Budget to Include $1 Billion Green Loan Fund | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Contending that California needs to better encourage small players with ideas to address the climate crisis, Gov. Gavin Newsom plans to include a $1 billion revolving loan program in his new budget Friday to seed recycling, low-carbon transportation and climate-smart agriculture projects, according to a summary document obtained by CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\"]While cap and trade dollars bring direct government support to certain projects, proponents say this new money would focus on ideas that are market ready but need investors to step in.[/pullquote]The Climate Catalyst Revolving Loan Fund, which would grow over four years, would offer low-interest lending to small businesses and organizations that have green ideas but may not be established or connected enough to compete for venture capital funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is the world capital of innovation,” Newsom said in a statement. “But as we grow, we must demand that the benefits of this growth be widely shared by workers and small businesses — not just those with access to huge amounts of capital. This fund aims to level the playing field as we build a greener, cleaner economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State has set ambitious goals for the world’s fifth largest economy to go \u003ca href=\"https://www.ca.gov/archive/gov39/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/9.10.18-Executive-Order.pdf\">“carbon neutral”\u003c/a> by 2045. That means creating new technologies to reduce the release of carbon dioxide and other emissions, as well as finding ways to capture greenhouse gas so the state’s net release is zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California already is pouring \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/california-climate-investments\">billions of dollars from the proceeds from cap and trade\u003c/a> into a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2017/09/come-hat-hand-californias-green-money/\">dizzying range of public climate projects\u003c/a>, from \u003ca href=\"https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auctionproceeds/2019_cci_annual_report.pdf?_ga=2.178737508.1976107741.1578332833-1314902693.1557765444\">clean vehicle rebates to high speed rail\u003c/a>. The state is also a hotbed of venture capitalists, socially responsible lenders and others who operate in the private sector, investing billions in green products and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s proposal, however, fills a different role, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/about-us/staff/spalding\">Kirsten Snow Spalding\u003c/a>, director of the investor network for \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/about-us\">Ceres\u003c/a>, a non-profit advocacy organization with a focus on driving investment in environmental sustainability. While cap and trade dollars have helped pay for significant projects in targeted communities, she said, this new money could help bring infrastructure projects, for example, far enough along for other investors to feel comfortable stepping in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For institutional investors, there’s some risk in investing in climate solutions,” Spalding said. “Having the revolving loan fund will help incentivize private money to flow into infrastructure and projects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dblpartners.vc/people/ira-ehrenpreis/\">Ira Ehrenpreis\u003c/a>, managing partner at venture capital firm DBL Partners, said the proposal could help bridge a gap in funding for climate innovations that have reached early levels of commercialization, but aren’t yet mature enough to attract venture capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a gap in enabling them to attract the kind of capital to get to scale and in a timeline that would actually help our planet,” he said. “What we need is a marriage between technology innovation and policy innovation — this is a marriage between the two.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom is calling for an initial funding of $250 million in the new budget that starts in July. Additional funding would be put into the fund over the next four years until it reaches $1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fund would be administered by the governor-controlled \u003ca href=\"http://www.ibank.ca.gov/infrastructure-state-revolving-fund-isrf-program/\">Infrastructure and Economic Development Bank\u003c/a>, which provides public financing assistance for economic development projects. The budget summary indicates the administration’s Strategic Growth Council and the labor department would provide strategic direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Projects would be chosen based on their ability to meet California’s environmental goals and the need to access low-cost borrowing. Applicants would also need to show how their projects will create high-quality, good-paying jobs for the workers they hire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CalMatters.org \u003c/a>is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Contending that California needs to better encourage small players who have ideas to address the climate crisis, Gov. Gavin Newsom plans to include a $1 billion revolving loan program in his new budget Friday to seed recycling, low-carbon transportation and climate-smart agriculture projects, according to a summary document obtained by CalMatters.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Judy Lin, Rachel Becker\u003cbr>CalMatters\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Contending that California needs to better encourage small players with ideas to address the climate crisis, Gov. Gavin Newsom plans to include a $1 billion revolving loan program in his new budget Friday to seed recycling, low-carbon transportation and climate-smart agriculture projects, according to a summary document obtained by CalMatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "While cap and trade dollars bring direct government support to certain projects, proponents say this new money would focus on ideas that are market ready but need investors to step in.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Climate Catalyst Revolving Loan Fund, which would grow over four years, would offer low-interest lending to small businesses and organizations that have green ideas but may not be established or connected enough to compete for venture capital funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is the world capital of innovation,” Newsom said in a statement. “But as we grow, we must demand that the benefits of this growth be widely shared by workers and small businesses — not just those with access to huge amounts of capital. This fund aims to level the playing field as we build a greener, cleaner economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State has set ambitious goals for the world’s fifth largest economy to go \u003ca href=\"https://www.ca.gov/archive/gov39/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/9.10.18-Executive-Order.pdf\">“carbon neutral”\u003c/a> by 2045. That means creating new technologies to reduce the release of carbon dioxide and other emissions, as well as finding ways to capture greenhouse gas so the state’s net release is zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California already is pouring \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/california-climate-investments\">billions of dollars from the proceeds from cap and trade\u003c/a> into a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2017/09/come-hat-hand-californias-green-money/\">dizzying range of public climate projects\u003c/a>, from \u003ca href=\"https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auctionproceeds/2019_cci_annual_report.pdf?_ga=2.178737508.1976107741.1578332833-1314902693.1557765444\">clean vehicle rebates to high speed rail\u003c/a>. The state is also a hotbed of venture capitalists, socially responsible lenders and others who operate in the private sector, investing billions in green products and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s proposal, however, fills a different role, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/about-us/staff/spalding\">Kirsten Snow Spalding\u003c/a>, director of the investor network for \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/about-us\">Ceres\u003c/a>, a non-profit advocacy organization with a focus on driving investment in environmental sustainability. While cap and trade dollars have helped pay for significant projects in targeted communities, she said, this new money could help bring infrastructure projects, for example, far enough along for other investors to feel comfortable stepping in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For institutional investors, there’s some risk in investing in climate solutions,” Spalding said. “Having the revolving loan fund will help incentivize private money to flow into infrastructure and projects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dblpartners.vc/people/ira-ehrenpreis/\">Ira Ehrenpreis\u003c/a>, managing partner at venture capital firm DBL Partners, said the proposal could help bridge a gap in funding for climate innovations that have reached early levels of commercialization, but aren’t yet mature enough to attract venture capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a gap in enabling them to attract the kind of capital to get to scale and in a timeline that would actually help our planet,” he said. “What we need is a marriage between technology innovation and policy innovation — this is a marriage between the two.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom is calling for an initial funding of $250 million in the new budget that starts in July. Additional funding would be put into the fund over the next four years until it reaches $1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fund would be administered by the governor-controlled \u003ca href=\"http://www.ibank.ca.gov/infrastructure-state-revolving-fund-isrf-program/\">Infrastructure and Economic Development Bank\u003c/a>, which provides public financing assistance for economic development projects. The budget summary indicates the administration’s Strategic Growth Council and the labor department would provide strategic direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Projects would be chosen based on their ability to meet California’s environmental goals and the need to access low-cost borrowing. Applicants would also need to show how their projects will create high-quality, good-paying jobs for the workers they hire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CalMatters.org \u003c/a>is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trump Administration Moves to Axe Consideration of Climate Change for Federal Projects",
"headTitle": "Trump Administration Moves to Axe Consideration of Climate Change for Federal Projects | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>President Donald Trump on Thursday proposed sharply limiting environmental reviews of pipelines and other major federally permitted infrastructure projects, a move that would sweep away a hurdle slowing his agenda for unfettered fossil fuel development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance would curb federal agencies from considering climate impacts by specifying that agencies are only required to analyze impacts that are immediate, local and direct. The administration’s proposed rule, which will be open for public comment before being finalized, also would relieve agencies of any duty to consider cumulative environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of America’s most critical infrastructure projects have been tied up and bogged down by an outrageously burdensome federal approval process,” Trump said in an address from the Roosevelt Room of the White House. “From day one, my administration has made fixing this regulatory nightmare a top priority. For the first time in 40 years, we’re going to completely overhaul the dysfunctional bureaucratic system that has created these massive obstructions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move to overhaul implementation rules for the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), which marked its 50th anniversary on Jan. 1, was portrayed by Trump as a modernization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics argue that the president is proposing changes that would undermine the bedrock environmental protection law, which establishes the duty of the federal government to act “as trustee of the environment for succeeding generations.” They vowed to fight the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While our world is burning, President Trump is adding fuel to the fire by taking away our right to be informed and to protect ourselves from irreparable harm,” said Gina McCarthy, the new president and CEO of the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). McCarthy, who served as administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in the Obama administration, added: “We will use every tool in our toolbox to stop this dangerous move and safeguard our children’s future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flanked by men in hard hats and orange construction vests, industry officials and members of his economic team, Trump stressed his aim to speed the building of highways, roads and bridges. But the NEPA impact that has proved most nettlesome to the administration has been stalling the oil and gas pipelines and coal leasing Trump’s administration has sought to push.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s move follows a series of federal court rulings that have stymied his efforts to spur fossil fuel projects—most notably the high-profile Keystone XL pipeline to expand U.S. imports of carbon-intensive Canadian tar sands oil. Trump had \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/23032017/keystone-xl-pipeline-donald-trump-rex-tillerson-state-department-nebraska\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> within days of taking office to reverse President Barack Obama’s decision to halt the project over climate concerns. But Keystone XL has been tied up in litigation since then, with \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16082018/keystone-xl-oil-pipeline-map-new-route-environmental-impact-statement-nepa-transcanada-tar-sands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a federal judge ruling last August\u003c/a> that federal agencies “cannot escape their responsibility” to evaluate alternatives under NEPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid the Trump administration’s all-out effort to ease the regulatory burden on the fossil energy industry, federal courts have repeatedly ruled that agencies were failing to live up to their duties under NEPA. Courts \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/22082017/court-rejects-ferc-pipeline-approval-orders-climate-environment-impact-review-sabal-gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slowed construction of a major natural gas pipeline\u003c/a> in the Southeast, and \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/26032018/coal-mining-climate-impacts-powder-river-basin-fossil-fuels-wyoming-montana-blm-nepa-ruling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expansion of coal mining \u003c/a>in the Powder River Basin of Montana and Wyoming and \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/17-17320/17-17320-2019-07-29.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on Navajo land in Arizona\u003c/a>. The federal Bureau of Land Management’s Utah office in September voluntarily suspended 130 oil and gas leases \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/17112019/oil-gas-leases-suspended-climate-impact-federal-nepa-assessment-blm-utah-colorado-wyoming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">under the threat of NEPA lawsuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s Interior Secretary, David Bernhardt, a former oil industry lobbyist now in charge of agencies that oversee oil, gas and coal leasing on federal lands and coastlines, called the NEPA plan “a really, really big proposal” that “affects virtually every significant decision made by the federal government that affects the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turning from the podium to Trump, Bernhardt said, “I believe it will be the most significant deregulatory proposal you ultimately implement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Avoiding the Consideration of Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fossil fuel industry and its allies have long railed against NEPA, especially over the past decade, when courts began ruling that NEPA required that both direct and indirect climate impacts be assessed. Sen. James Inhofe (R-Okla.) led \u003ca href=\"https://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2010/4/post-1bc00795-802a-23ad-46c9-8d25ff8ecb50\">an effort to amend NEPA \u003c/a>to bar consideration of global warming impacts, but it never garnered sufficient support to advance in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the start, Trump took up the cause of NEPA reform with all the enthusiasm of a real estate developer who saw \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060367799\">his own projects\u003c/a> derailed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/stories/fight-save-plum-island\">over environmental concerns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His administration has issued and proposed five other pieces of guidance to circumscribe NEPA reviews, including a plan floated last summer to limit consideration of greenhouse gas emissions in planning for federal projects. But in the new proposal, the White House said it determined it was “not appropriate” to address a single category of impacts in regulations. Instead, the proposal seeks to limit the scope of all NEPA reviews in a way that appears to rule out consideration of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only environmental effects that federal agencies would be required to consider are those that are “reasonably foreseeable and have a reasonably close causal relationship to the proposed action or alternatives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Effects should not be considered significant if they are remote in time, geographically remote, or the product of a lengthy causal chain,” the proposal says. It also specifies that environmental reviews are not required under NEPA for non-discretionary decisions or for those with minimal federal funding or involvement—giving many developers an opportunity to elude the environmental review process altogether. The proposal sets a time limit of two years for detailed environmental reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vickie Patton, general counsel of the Environmental Defense Fund, said the proposal would “punch loopholes into long-standing protections under the National Environmental Policy Act and would put communities at risk and worsen climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gene Karpinski, president of the League of Conservation Voters, called it “one of the most egregious actions the Trump administration has taken to limit the federal government’s response to climate change yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trump’s Red Tape Claims vs. White House Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, in essence, would fulfill \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-environment-nepa/industry-groups-urge-white-house-to-finish-overhauling-u-s-environmental-review-process-idUSKBN1XW1AU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a wish list delivered to the White House\u003c/a> last fall by 33 industry groups, led by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, who complained of “unreasonable costs and long project delays” caused by NEPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>API President and CEO Mike Sommers praised the proposal in a prepared statement: “Reforming the NEPA process is a critical step toward meeting growing demand for cleaner energy and unlocking job-creating infrastructure projects currently stuck in a maze of red tape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s description of the NEPA process—”It takes 20 years, 30 years, it takes numbers nobody would even believe”—is at odds with reality for the vast majority of projects. The White House Council on Environmental Quality’s own statistics show that 95 percent of the more than 50,000 actions subject to NEPA each year are already exempt from detailed environmental review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups argue that the subset of actions that require a detailed review—like the Keystone XL Pipeline—warrant the scrutiny, pointing to the spill of thousands of gallons of oil from the Keystone system in North Dakota this past October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Responsibilities as ‘Trustee of the Environment’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NEPA, among the first environmental laws passed by Congress and signed by President Richard Nixon, requires comprehensive studies into the potential environmental impacts of “major” federal actions or projects—with an analysis of alternatives. The sweeping language of the statute asserts the federal government’s duty to “use all practical means. … To fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee of the environment for succeeding generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a global multigenerational problem that affects all of humanity and natural resources, climate change would seem to fit precisely within what the statute has in mind,” said Michael Gerrard, founder and director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerrard, who spent many years as a litigator, said that if he were representing a project applicant he would want consideration of climate change included in the environmental impact analysis even if Trump succeeds in his NEPA overhaul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a good chance the courts will … say it needs to be considered and an [environmental impact statement] could well be struck down for failure to consider it regardless of what this guidance says,” Gerrard said. “Rational planning involves looking at foreseeable conditions, and arguably it’s malpractice for an architect or engineer to ignore foreseeable considerations when designing a project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overhaul of NEPA guidance is just the latest of \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/19122019/trump-climate-policy-record-rollback-fossil-energy-history-candidate-profile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dozens of actions by the Trump administration\u003c/a> to throw open the doors to unfettered fossil energy development and abandon even recognition of the threat of climate change. Just this week, the Trump administration released the federal government’s latest annual \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/national-preparedness-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Preparedness Report\u003c/a>, which for the first time in the eight-year history of the accounting of threats and hazards failed to mention climate change, drought or sea-level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be a 60-day public comment period on the NEPA proposal, with public hearings scheduled in Denver and in Washington, D.C., in February.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Donald Trump on Thursday proposed sharply limiting environmental reviews of pipelines and other major federally permitted infrastructure projects, a move that would sweep away a hurdle slowing his agenda for unfettered fossil fuel development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance would curb federal agencies from considering climate impacts by specifying that agencies are only required to analyze impacts that are immediate, local and direct. The administration’s proposed rule, which will be open for public comment before being finalized, also would relieve agencies of any duty to consider cumulative environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of America’s most critical infrastructure projects have been tied up and bogged down by an outrageously burdensome federal approval process,” Trump said in an address from the Roosevelt Room of the White House. “From day one, my administration has made fixing this regulatory nightmare a top priority. For the first time in 40 years, we’re going to completely overhaul the dysfunctional bureaucratic system that has created these massive obstructions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move to overhaul implementation rules for the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), which marked its 50th anniversary on Jan. 1, was portrayed by Trump as a modernization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics argue that the president is proposing changes that would undermine the bedrock environmental protection law, which establishes the duty of the federal government to act “as trustee of the environment for succeeding generations.” They vowed to fight the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While our world is burning, President Trump is adding fuel to the fire by taking away our right to be informed and to protect ourselves from irreparable harm,” said Gina McCarthy, the new president and CEO of the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC). McCarthy, who served as administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in the Obama administration, added: “We will use every tool in our toolbox to stop this dangerous move and safeguard our children’s future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flanked by men in hard hats and orange construction vests, industry officials and members of his economic team, Trump stressed his aim to speed the building of highways, roads and bridges. But the NEPA impact that has proved most nettlesome to the administration has been stalling the oil and gas pipelines and coal leasing Trump’s administration has sought to push.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s move follows a series of federal court rulings that have stymied his efforts to spur fossil fuel projects—most notably the high-profile Keystone XL pipeline to expand U.S. imports of carbon-intensive Canadian tar sands oil. Trump had \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/23032017/keystone-xl-pipeline-donald-trump-rex-tillerson-state-department-nebraska\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> within days of taking office to reverse President Barack Obama’s decision to halt the project over climate concerns. But Keystone XL has been tied up in litigation since then, with \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/16082018/keystone-xl-oil-pipeline-map-new-route-environmental-impact-statement-nepa-transcanada-tar-sands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a federal judge ruling last August\u003c/a> that federal agencies “cannot escape their responsibility” to evaluate alternatives under NEPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid the Trump administration’s all-out effort to ease the regulatory burden on the fossil energy industry, federal courts have repeatedly ruled that agencies were failing to live up to their duties under NEPA. Courts \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/22082017/court-rejects-ferc-pipeline-approval-orders-climate-environment-impact-review-sabal-gas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">slowed construction of a major natural gas pipeline\u003c/a> in the Southeast, and \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/26032018/coal-mining-climate-impacts-powder-river-basin-fossil-fuels-wyoming-montana-blm-nepa-ruling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">expansion of coal mining \u003c/a>in the Powder River Basin of Montana and Wyoming and \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/17-17320/17-17320-2019-07-29.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on Navajo land in Arizona\u003c/a>. The federal Bureau of Land Management’s Utah office in September voluntarily suspended 130 oil and gas leases \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/17112019/oil-gas-leases-suspended-climate-impact-federal-nepa-assessment-blm-utah-colorado-wyoming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">under the threat of NEPA lawsuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s Interior Secretary, David Bernhardt, a former oil industry lobbyist now in charge of agencies that oversee oil, gas and coal leasing on federal lands and coastlines, called the NEPA plan “a really, really big proposal” that “affects virtually every significant decision made by the federal government that affects the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turning from the podium to Trump, Bernhardt said, “I believe it will be the most significant deregulatory proposal you ultimately implement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Avoiding the Consideration of Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fossil fuel industry and its allies have long railed against NEPA, especially over the past decade, when courts began ruling that NEPA required that both direct and indirect climate impacts be assessed. Sen. James Inhofe (R-Okla.) led \u003ca href=\"https://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2010/4/post-1bc00795-802a-23ad-46c9-8d25ff8ecb50\">an effort to amend NEPA \u003c/a>to bar consideration of global warming impacts, but it never garnered sufficient support to advance in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the start, Trump took up the cause of NEPA reform with all the enthusiasm of a real estate developer who saw \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060367799\">his own projects\u003c/a> derailed \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/stories/fight-save-plum-island\">over environmental concerns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His administration has issued and proposed five other pieces of guidance to circumscribe NEPA reviews, including a plan floated last summer to limit consideration of greenhouse gas emissions in planning for federal projects. But in the new proposal, the White House said it determined it was “not appropriate” to address a single category of impacts in regulations. Instead, the proposal seeks to limit the scope of all NEPA reviews in a way that appears to rule out consideration of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only environmental effects that federal agencies would be required to consider are those that are “reasonably foreseeable and have a reasonably close causal relationship to the proposed action or alternatives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Effects should not be considered significant if they are remote in time, geographically remote, or the product of a lengthy causal chain,” the proposal says. It also specifies that environmental reviews are not required under NEPA for non-discretionary decisions or for those with minimal federal funding or involvement—giving many developers an opportunity to elude the environmental review process altogether. The proposal sets a time limit of two years for detailed environmental reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vickie Patton, general counsel of the Environmental Defense Fund, said the proposal would “punch loopholes into long-standing protections under the National Environmental Policy Act and would put communities at risk and worsen climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gene Karpinski, president of the League of Conservation Voters, called it “one of the most egregious actions the Trump administration has taken to limit the federal government’s response to climate change yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trump’s Red Tape Claims vs. White House Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, in essence, would fulfill \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-environment-nepa/industry-groups-urge-white-house-to-finish-overhauling-u-s-environmental-review-process-idUSKBN1XW1AU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a wish list delivered to the White House\u003c/a> last fall by 33 industry groups, led by the American Petroleum Institute (API) and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, who complained of “unreasonable costs and long project delays” caused by NEPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>API President and CEO Mike Sommers praised the proposal in a prepared statement: “Reforming the NEPA process is a critical step toward meeting growing demand for cleaner energy and unlocking job-creating infrastructure projects currently stuck in a maze of red tape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s description of the NEPA process—”It takes 20 years, 30 years, it takes numbers nobody would even believe”—is at odds with reality for the vast majority of projects. The White House Council on Environmental Quality’s own statistics show that 95 percent of the more than 50,000 actions subject to NEPA each year are already exempt from detailed environmental review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups argue that the subset of actions that require a detailed review—like the Keystone XL Pipeline—warrant the scrutiny, pointing to the spill of thousands of gallons of oil from the Keystone system in North Dakota this past October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Responsibilities as ‘Trustee of the Environment’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NEPA, among the first environmental laws passed by Congress and signed by President Richard Nixon, requires comprehensive studies into the potential environmental impacts of “major” federal actions or projects—with an analysis of alternatives. The sweeping language of the statute asserts the federal government’s duty to “use all practical means. … To fulfill the responsibilities of each generation as trustee of the environment for succeeding generations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a global multigenerational problem that affects all of humanity and natural resources, climate change would seem to fit precisely within what the statute has in mind,” said Michael Gerrard, founder and director of the Sabin Center for Climate Change Law at Columbia University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gerrard, who spent many years as a litigator, said that if he were representing a project applicant he would want consideration of climate change included in the environmental impact analysis even if Trump succeeds in his NEPA overhaul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a good chance the courts will … say it needs to be considered and an [environmental impact statement] could well be struck down for failure to consider it regardless of what this guidance says,” Gerrard said. “Rational planning involves looking at foreseeable conditions, and arguably it’s malpractice for an architect or engineer to ignore foreseeable considerations when designing a project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overhaul of NEPA guidance is just the latest of \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/19122019/trump-climate-policy-record-rollback-fossil-energy-history-candidate-profile\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dozens of actions by the Trump administration\u003c/a> to throw open the doors to unfettered fossil energy development and abandon even recognition of the threat of climate change. Just this week, the Trump administration released the federal government’s latest annual \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/national-preparedness-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Preparedness Report\u003c/a>, which for the first time in the eight-year history of the accounting of threats and hazards failed to mention climate change, drought or sea-level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be a 60-day public comment period on the NEPA proposal, with public hearings scheduled in Denver and in Washington, D.C., in February.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Parrots can perform impressive feats of intelligence, and a new study suggests that some of these “feathered apes” may also practice acts of kindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African grey parrots voluntarily helped a partner get a food reward by giving the other bird a valuable metal token that could be exchanged for a walnut, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)31469-1\">newly published report\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Current Biology\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was really surprising that they did this so spontaneously and so readily,” says \u003ca href=\"https://usys.ethz.ch/en/people/profile.MjU4ODg3.TGlzdC82MzcsMzIwMTk3MjIy.html\">Désirée Brucks\u003c/a>, a biologist at ETH Zürich in Switzerland who is interested in the evolution of altruism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children as young as 1 seem highly\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088085/\"> motivated\u003c/a> to help others, and scientists used to think this kind of prosocial behavior was uniquely human. More recent research has explored “helping” behavior in other species, everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/01/04/575424040/unlike-humans-bonobos-shun-helpers-and-befriend-the-bullies\">nonhuman primates\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2011/12/09/143304206/cagebreak-rats-will-work-to-free-a-trapped-pal\">rats\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/31/774358215/for-these-vampires-a-shared-blood-meal-lets-friendship-take-flight\">bats\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see whether intelligent birds might help out a feathered pal, Brucks and \u003ca href=\"https://www.orn.mpg.de/person/53863/3738843\">Auguste von Bayern\u003c/a> of the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany tested African grey parrots. They used parrots that had previously been trained to understand that specific tokens, in the form of small metal rings, could be traded for a food treat through an exchange window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their experiment, this exchange window was covered up and closed on one bird’s cage, making it impossible for that bird to trade. The bird had a pile of tokens in its cage but no way to use them. Meanwhile, its neighbor in an adjacent cage had an open exchange window — but no tokens for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After sizing up the situation, the token-rich bird would help out its pal by passing tokens through an opening between the two bird enclosures. And the bird shared even though it didn’t partake in the walnut payoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The African greys gave the token beak-to-beak with their partner,” Brucks says. “It was not just one token. Many of them transferred all 10 tokens, one after the other, always watching how their partner got the food for it, whereas they themselves did not get anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, scientists reversed birds’ roles to see if the recipient of this generosity would pay back those favors. And the birds did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the very first trial, they could not have known that the roles would be reversed afterward,” says Brucks, who notes that the parrots seemed to have an intrinsic desire to help out their partner. The eight birds tested all knew each other and lived in the same social group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems that the birds weren’t just being playful with the tokens, but really understood when and why the token was needed. That’s because the birds would rarely pass a token over if the neighbor bird’s exchange window was closed up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study is a starting point to explore what exactly is going on in the birds’ minds, Brucks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar study in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4484978/\">ravens\u003c/a> did not find this effect. And when Brucks tested blue-headed macaws, they weren’t helpful either. The macaws tried to bring the tokens as close as possible to the experimenter but did not transfer the token to the partner, Brucks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are really interested in this topic, and it’s an important topic. The problem is it’s very, very hard to design an experiment to truly demonstrate what is truly going on with these animals,” says \u003ca href=\"https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/animals/people/irene-m-pepperberg\">Irene Pepperberg\u003c/a>, a Harvard researcher whose work with a famous African grey parrot named Alex helped reveal the sophisticated cognitive abilities of these birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepperberg has also done \u003ca href=\"https://www.academia.edu/25811313/A_study_of_sharing_and_reciprocity_in_grey_parrots_Psittacus_erithacus_\">experiments\u003c/a> to test African greys’ willingness to help, using a different setup, and found that one parrot appeared to have some understanding of sharing — but it didn’t seem like the parrots were spontaneously super-altruistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, \u003ca href=\"https://news.uchicago.edu/profile/peggy-mason\">Peggy Mason\u003c/a> of the University of Chicago believes that this new study in parrots is striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they gave the token, the other bird was getting the food and they were not,” Mason says. “I think they had the sense that this was a useful token, and that this token would turn into food for the other bird. It’s very shocking. It’s surprisingly giving, just because the only thing the bird doing it gets is that warm glow of helping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Polly+Share+A+Cracker%3F+Parrots+Can+Practice+Acts+Of+Kindness%2C+Study+Finds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Parrots can perform impressive feats of intelligence, and a new study suggests that some of these “feathered apes” may also practice acts of kindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African grey parrots voluntarily helped a partner get a food reward by giving the other bird a valuable metal token that could be exchanged for a walnut, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(19)31469-1\">newly published report\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Current Biology\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was really surprising that they did this so spontaneously and so readily,” says \u003ca href=\"https://usys.ethz.ch/en/people/profile.MjU4ODg3.TGlzdC82MzcsMzIwMTk3MjIy.html\">Désirée Brucks\u003c/a>, a biologist at ETH Zürich in Switzerland who is interested in the evolution of altruism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Children as young as 1 seem highly\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3088085/\"> motivated\u003c/a> to help others, and scientists used to think this kind of prosocial behavior was uniquely human. More recent research has explored “helping” behavior in other species, everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/01/04/575424040/unlike-humans-bonobos-shun-helpers-and-befriend-the-bullies\">nonhuman primates\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2011/12/09/143304206/cagebreak-rats-will-work-to-free-a-trapped-pal\">rats\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/31/774358215/for-these-vampires-a-shared-blood-meal-lets-friendship-take-flight\">bats\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see whether intelligent birds might help out a feathered pal, Brucks and \u003ca href=\"https://www.orn.mpg.de/person/53863/3738843\">Auguste von Bayern\u003c/a> of the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany tested African grey parrots. They used parrots that had previously been trained to understand that specific tokens, in the form of small metal rings, could be traded for a food treat through an exchange window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their experiment, this exchange window was covered up and closed on one bird’s cage, making it impossible for that bird to trade. The bird had a pile of tokens in its cage but no way to use them. Meanwhile, its neighbor in an adjacent cage had an open exchange window — but no tokens for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After sizing up the situation, the token-rich bird would help out its pal by passing tokens through an opening between the two bird enclosures. And the bird shared even though it didn’t partake in the walnut payoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The African greys gave the token beak-to-beak with their partner,” Brucks says. “It was not just one token. Many of them transferred all 10 tokens, one after the other, always watching how their partner got the food for it, whereas they themselves did not get anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, scientists reversed birds’ roles to see if the recipient of this generosity would pay back those favors. And the birds did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the very first trial, they could not have known that the roles would be reversed afterward,” says Brucks, who notes that the parrots seemed to have an intrinsic desire to help out their partner. The eight birds tested all knew each other and lived in the same social group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems that the birds weren’t just being playful with the tokens, but really understood when and why the token was needed. That’s because the birds would rarely pass a token over if the neighbor bird’s exchange window was closed up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study is a starting point to explore what exactly is going on in the birds’ minds, Brucks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar study in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4484978/\">ravens\u003c/a> did not find this effect. And when Brucks tested blue-headed macaws, they weren’t helpful either. The macaws tried to bring the tokens as close as possible to the experimenter but did not transfer the token to the partner, Brucks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are really interested in this topic, and it’s an important topic. The problem is it’s very, very hard to design an experiment to truly demonstrate what is truly going on with these animals,” says \u003ca href=\"https://projects.iq.harvard.edu/animals/people/irene-m-pepperberg\">Irene Pepperberg\u003c/a>, a Harvard researcher whose work with a famous African grey parrot named Alex helped reveal the sophisticated cognitive abilities of these birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pepperberg has also done \u003ca href=\"https://www.academia.edu/25811313/A_study_of_sharing_and_reciprocity_in_grey_parrots_Psittacus_erithacus_\">experiments\u003c/a> to test African greys’ willingness to help, using a different setup, and found that one parrot appeared to have some understanding of sharing — but it didn’t seem like the parrots were spontaneously super-altruistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, \u003ca href=\"https://news.uchicago.edu/profile/peggy-mason\">Peggy Mason\u003c/a> of the University of Chicago believes that this new study in parrots is striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they gave the token, the other bird was getting the food and they were not,” Mason says. “I think they had the sense that this was a useful token, and that this token would turn into food for the other bird. It’s very shocking. It’s surprisingly giving, just because the only thing the bird doing it gets is that warm glow of helping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Polly+Share+A+Cracker%3F+Parrots+Can+Practice+Acts+Of+Kindness%2C+Study+Finds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Another round of the year’s highest tides is set to roll into the Bay Area in early February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">king tides\u003c/a>, as they are colloquially known, occur when the sun and moon are aligned so that their gravitational pull tugs Earth’s waters a few feet higher than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along San Francisco’s Embarcadero, for example, at Rincon Point near the Bay Bridge, the forecast calls for a high tide of 7.26 feet on Sunday, Feb. 9, at 11:20 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1955598\"]These days, the tides are frequently observed as a preview of a climate-change-driven rise in sea level, and how it might affect coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> California King Tides Project\u003c/a> lists more than dozen viewing events in the Bay Area and throughout the state, taking place Saturday, Feb. 8 and Sunday, Feb. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activities include a guided birding tour of Oakland’s Arrowhead Marsh with the Golden Gate Audubon Society, a beach cleanup at Bodega Bay, and a hike through the wetlands of Marin’s China Camp State Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This link contains a \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">full list of events.\u003c/a> Below is an interactive map showing the times and locations of the February king tides. Use the plus and minus signs on the lower left side of the map to zoom in and out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[googlemaps https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1lS8SEF6LfcWqRErr-g2hngubrL_IoX42&w=640&h=480]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>February will mark the second wave of king tides to hit the Bay Area this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955870\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-800x559.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-800x559.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-768x537.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-1020x713.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-1200x839.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sebastian Jasper plays in the pools of water resulting from the spilling of king tides onto the sidewalk at Rincon Point in downtown San Francisco on Jan. 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People who want to see the tides in person can \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/participate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">upload their photos\u003c/a> to the California King Tides Project’s interactive map. The project’s website also reminds folks to watch their footing when they view or photograph the high water:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“The most important thing to remember is to \u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003ci>be safe\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003ci>! Take extra precautions when you walk on slippery areas or near big waves, and always be conscious of your surroundings and the weather conditions. Don’t turn your back on the ocean!”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiovvLqm_LmAhUXHzQIHQcpCBQQFjAKegQIBBAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsites%2Fproduction%2Ffiles%2F2014-04%2Fdocuments%2Fking_tides_factsheet.pdf&usg=AOvVaw28ml8wKBDkbo8JGjO25_1Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extreme high tides\u003c/a> occur several times a year. After February, the next chance to spot king tides in California will be in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Another round of the year’s highest tides is set to roll into the Bay Area in early February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/learn.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">king tides\u003c/a>, as they are colloquially known, occur when the sun and moon are aligned so that their gravitational pull tugs Earth’s waters a few feet higher than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along San Francisco’s Embarcadero, for example, at Rincon Point near the Bay Bridge, the forecast calls for a high tide of 7.26 feet on Sunday, Feb. 9, at 11:20 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>These days, the tides are frequently observed as a preview of a climate-change-driven rise in sea level, and how it might affect coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> California King Tides Project\u003c/a> lists more than dozen viewing events in the Bay Area and throughout the state, taking place Saturday, Feb. 8 and Sunday, Feb. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activities include a guided birding tour of Oakland’s Arrowhead Marsh with the Golden Gate Audubon Society, a beach cleanup at Bodega Bay, and a hike through the wetlands of Marin’s China Camp State Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This link contains a \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">full list of events.\u003c/a> Below is an interactive map showing the times and locations of the February king tides. Use the plus and minus signs on the lower left side of the map to zoom in and out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n src='https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1lS8SEF6LfcWqRErr-g2hngubrL_IoX42&w=640&h=480'\n title='https://www.google.com/maps/d/embed?mid=1lS8SEF6LfcWqRErr-g2hngubrL_IoX42&w=640&h=480'\n width='640'\n height='480'\n scrolling='no'\n frameborder='no'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>February will mark the second wave of king tides to hit the Bay Area this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1955870\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1955870\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-800x559.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-800x559.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-768x537.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-1020x713.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2-1200x839.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/KingTides_007-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sebastian Jasper plays in the pools of water resulting from the spilling of king tides onto the sidewalk at Rincon Point in downtown San Francisco on Jan. 11, 2019. \u003ccite>(Lindsey Moore/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People who want to see the tides in person can \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/kingtides/participate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">upload their photos\u003c/a> to the California King Tides Project’s interactive map. The project’s website also reminds folks to watch their footing when they view or photograph the high water:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“The most important thing to remember is to \u003c/i>\u003cb>\u003ci>be safe\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003ci>! Take extra precautions when you walk on slippery areas or near big waves, and always be conscious of your surroundings and the weather conditions. Don’t turn your back on the ocean!”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiovvLqm_LmAhUXHzQIHQcpCBQQFjAKegQIBBAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsites%2Fproduction%2Ffiles%2F2014-04%2Fdocuments%2Fking_tides_factsheet.pdf&usg=AOvVaw28ml8wKBDkbo8JGjO25_1Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extreme high tides\u003c/a> occur several times a year. After February, the next chance to spot king tides in California will be in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "these-6-charts-explain-the-good-and-bad-story-of-u-s-carbon-emissions-right-now",
"title": "These 6 Charts Explain the Story of U.S. Carbon Emissions Right Now",
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"headTitle": "These 6 Charts Explain the Story of U.S. Carbon Emissions Right Now | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Greenhouse gas emissions in the United States dropped last year after a sharp increase in 2018, new data released Tuesday show. The drop resumed a long-term downward trend driven chiefly by a shift away from coal power generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of the emissions decline has largely been one of \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03122019/fossil-fuel-emissions-2019-natural-gas-bridge-oil-coal-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">market forces\u003c/a>—rather than policies—that have made utilities close coal plants in favor of cheaper natural gas and renewable energy. But this shift to lower-carbon energy has been restricted to the electricity sector, and the nation’s emissions cuts are still not on track to meet the targets it agreed to under the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/tags/paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paris climate accord\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to meet those goals, experts say, federal policies will likely need to target other sectors that collectively make up a majority of U.S. emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954784\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart1.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart1-160x91.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, U.S. greenhouse gas emissions fell about 2 percent in 2019, according to \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/preliminary-us-emissions-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preliminary estimates\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rhodium Group\u003c/a>, an economic analysis firm. The previous year, strong economic growth and other factors had pushed emissions up roughly 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2019 drop was driven by a nearly 10 percent fall in emissions from the power sector, the biggest decline in decades, according to Rhodium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the story there is all about coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954785\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart2.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart2-160x97.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal generation in the U.S. fell by 18 percent last year, the largest annual decline on record, according to Rhodium. \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03122019/fossil-fuel-emissions-2019-natural-gas-bridge-oil-coal-climate-change\">Another study\u003c/a>, published in December, found a smaller but still dramatic drop for coal generation last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renewable power sources such as wind and solar have seen sharp increases in recent years as \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/content/chart-renewable-energy-costs-are-falling-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">their costs of generation\u003c/a> have fallen below that of coal. But natural gas has replaced far more coal generation capacity than renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954786\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart3.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart3-160x97.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fracking boom sent natural gas prices plummeting, helping drive a rapid shift by electric utilities away from coal. But while burning gas is cleaner than burning coal, natural gas power generation still emits carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03122019/fossil-fuel-emissions-2019-natural-gas-bridge-oil-coal-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more about how the natural gas rush is driving a global rise in fossil fuel emissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emissions from natural gas power generation increased by more than 40 million metric tons last year, compared to a drop of 190 million metric tons for coal, according to Rhodium. That does not include emissions during oil and gas \u003cem>production,\u003c/em> such as methane, a potent short-lived climate pollutant, which are counted separately (see below).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the good news on emissions cuts ends with the power sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954787\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart4.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart4-160x93.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transportation is now the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S., and emissions were essentially flat in 2019, declining by 0.3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That does represent a shift after several years of small increases, but emissions remain about where they were before the Great Recession started in 2007. Hannah Pitt, a senior analyst with Rhodium, said improved fuel efficiency is helping slow or end the rise in emissions, even as people fly and drive more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954788\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportGDP.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportGDP.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportGDP-160x93.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the change from 2018 to last year can be explained by the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, U.S. gross domestic product, or GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced in the country), expanded by a relatively robust 2.9 percent. But the first three quarters of last year saw slower GDP growth of 2.3 percent, according to Rhodium. A slower economy tamped down growth in domestic air travel and also in shipping by trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet emissions from other sectors of the economy continued to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart5.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart5-160x97.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emissions from industry rose slightly last year and are now greater than those from coal-fired power plants. Emissions from buildings were up, too. And emissions from other sectors of the economy collectively grew by more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the growth within the “other” category came from methane emitted by oil and gas production. The U.S. is now the world’s top oil and gas producer, and it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/pdf/aeo2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">projected to continue\u003c/a> expanding output in coming years. Meanwhile, the Trump administration has started the process of pulling out of the Paris accord, and it has been working to \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/29082019/methane-regulation-oil-gas-storage-pipelines-epa-rollback-trump-wheeler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">roll back regulations\u003c/a> adopted by the Obama administration that limited methane emissions from new and existing oil and gas wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These other, \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/28062018/global-warming-pollution-industrial-sources-cement-steel-trade-solutions-technology-shipping\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">harder to tackle sectors\u003c/a> are an increasingly important piece of the story, and Pitt said federal policies will have to target them if the U.S. is to hit the targets it agreed to as part of the Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to meet those, we would need to really be seeing some pretty sizable annual declines in emissions that we’re not seeing now,” she said. “And if we’re relying purely on the power sector market dynamics to get there, I don’t see that happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Greenhouse gas emissions in the United States dropped last year after a sharp increase in 2018, new data released Tuesday show. The drop resumed a long-term downward trend driven chiefly by a shift away from coal power generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of the emissions decline has largely been one of \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03122019/fossil-fuel-emissions-2019-natural-gas-bridge-oil-coal-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">market forces\u003c/a>—rather than policies—that have made utilities close coal plants in favor of cheaper natural gas and renewable energy. But this shift to lower-carbon energy has been restricted to the electricity sector, and the nation’s emissions cuts are still not on track to meet the targets it agreed to under the \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/tags/paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paris climate accord\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to meet those goals, experts say, federal policies will likely need to target other sectors that collectively make up a majority of U.S. emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954784\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"367\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart1.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart1-160x91.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, U.S. greenhouse gas emissions fell about 2 percent in 2019, according to \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/research/preliminary-us-emissions-2019/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preliminary estimates\u003c/a> by \u003ca href=\"https://rhg.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Rhodium Group\u003c/a>, an economic analysis firm. The previous year, strong economic growth and other factors had pushed emissions up roughly 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2019 drop was driven by a nearly 10 percent fall in emissions from the power sector, the biggest decline in decades, according to Rhodium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the story there is all about coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954785\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart2.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart2-160x97.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal generation in the U.S. fell by 18 percent last year, the largest annual decline on record, according to Rhodium. \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03122019/fossil-fuel-emissions-2019-natural-gas-bridge-oil-coal-climate-change\">Another study\u003c/a>, published in December, found a smaller but still dramatic drop for coal generation last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renewable power sources such as wind and solar have seen sharp increases in recent years as \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/content/chart-renewable-energy-costs-are-falling-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">their costs of generation\u003c/a> have fallen below that of coal. But natural gas has replaced far more coal generation capacity than renewables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954786\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart3.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart3-160x97.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fracking boom sent natural gas prices plummeting, helping drive a rapid shift by electric utilities away from coal. But while burning gas is cleaner than burning coal, natural gas power generation still emits carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/03122019/fossil-fuel-emissions-2019-natural-gas-bridge-oil-coal-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Read more about how the natural gas rush is driving a global rise in fossil fuel emissions\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emissions from natural gas power generation increased by more than 40 million metric tons last year, compared to a drop of 190 million metric tons for coal, according to Rhodium. That does not include emissions during oil and gas \u003cem>production,\u003c/em> such as methane, a potent short-lived climate pollutant, which are counted separately (see below).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the good news on emissions cuts ends with the power sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954787\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart4.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart4-160x93.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transportation is now the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S., and emissions were essentially flat in 2019, declining by 0.3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That does represent a shift after several years of small increases, but emissions remain about where they were before the Great Recession started in 2007. Hannah Pitt, a senior analyst with Rhodium, said improved fuel efficiency is helping slow or end the rise in emissions, even as people fly and drive more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954788\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportGDP.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportGDP.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportGDP-160x93.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the change from 2018 to last year can be explained by the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2018, U.S. gross domestic product, or GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced in the country), expanded by a relatively robust 2.9 percent. But the first three quarters of last year saw slower GDP growth of 2.3 percent, according to Rhodium. A slower economy tamped down growth in domestic air travel and also in shipping by trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet emissions from other sectors of the economy continued to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1954790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"648\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart5.png 648w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/2020EmissionsReportChart5-160x97.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emissions from industry rose slightly last year and are now greater than those from coal-fired power plants. Emissions from buildings were up, too. And emissions from other sectors of the economy collectively grew by more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the growth within the “other” category came from methane emitted by oil and gas production. The U.S. is now the world’s top oil and gas producer, and it is \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/pdf/aeo2019.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">projected to continue\u003c/a> expanding output in coming years. Meanwhile, the Trump administration has started the process of pulling out of the Paris accord, and it has been working to \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/29082019/methane-regulation-oil-gas-storage-pipelines-epa-rollback-trump-wheeler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">roll back regulations\u003c/a> adopted by the Obama administration that limited methane emissions from new and existing oil and gas wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These other, \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/28062018/global-warming-pollution-industrial-sources-cement-steel-trade-solutions-technology-shipping\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">harder to tackle sectors\u003c/a> are an increasingly important piece of the story, and Pitt said federal policies will have to target them if the U.S. is to hit the targets it agreed to as part of the Paris climate agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to meet those, we would need to really be seeing some pretty sizable annual declines in emissions that we’re not seeing now,” she said. “And if we’re relying purely on the power sector market dynamics to get there, I don’t see that happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Energy Policy Has Reduced Carbon Emissions. By Exactly How Much, Nobody Knows",
"headTitle": "California Energy Policy Has Reduced Carbon Emissions. By Exactly How Much, Nobody Knows | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The California Legislative Analyst’s Office released a \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4131#LAO_Assessment_of_Policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> Monday on how well the state’s energy policies are working in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation=\"Ross Brown, Legislative Analyst's Office\"]‘In many cases, there’s not a lot of great information evaluating either the suite of policies or a specific policy.’[/pullquote]The analysis found that the state requirement that utilities continually increase the amount of renewable energy they provide has been a “significant” driver in curbing emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LAO, however, was not able to determine exact figures for how much the cut in emissions is attributable to state law versus other factors, and the agency cited as problematic a lack of specific research that evaluates California climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LAO couldn’t find a robust, peer-reviewed study on the effect of the state’s clean energy requirement for utilities, called the renewables portfolio standard. Instead, the agency’s analysts developed their own estimate based on “back-of-the-envelope” calculations, said Ross Brown, a policy analyst for the LAO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many cases, there’s not a lot of great information evaluating either the suite of policies or a specific policy,” Brown said. “We think that this is an important thing from a public policy perspective, as well as thinking about California as a leader for other jurisdictions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to the dearth of specific research, the LAO study had to rely heavily on a review of existing academic literature, as well as on data from state agencies and interviews with researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Energy Sector Drives Emissions Reductions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LAO, a nonpartisan advisory agency for the state Legislature, was still able to estimate that in 2018 the requirement that utilities increase their portfolio of renewable energy reduced emissions by “the low tens of millions of tons,” at a cost of an additional $60 to $70 per ton over nonrenewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of renewable resources continues to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1951005/the-cost-of-battery-storage-plummets-at-the-right-moment-for-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plummet\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1951005/the-cost-of-battery-storage-plummets-at-the-right-moment-for-california\">. \u003c/a>That lower cost as well as federal policies also played a role in reducing the state’s annual emissions, according to the LAO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The electricity sector and specifically the kind of megaresources that we used to provide electricity has been a key driver of the state’s emission reductions over the last number of years,” said Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2006, the state’s annual emissions from the energy sector have dropped by about 40 million metric tons, a reduction of 40%. These big cuts were the primary reason California reached its overall 2020 emissions target four years \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-adv-california-climate-pollution-20180722-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ahead of schedule\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, California’s power use has remained relatively constant, even as in recent years the state’s economy has grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1954718 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig4.png 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig4-160x113.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1954716 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig5.png 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig5-160x145.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Legislative Analyst's Office found that the state requirement for utilities to continually increase their renewables portfolio is a significant driver of greenhouse gas reductions. But the lack of peer-reviewed research on the specific effects of the policy is a problem, the LAO says.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Legislative Analyst’s Office released a \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4131#LAO_Assessment_of_Policies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report\u003c/a> Monday on how well the state’s energy policies are working in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The analysis found that the state requirement that utilities continually increase the amount of renewable energy they provide has been a “significant” driver in curbing emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LAO, however, was not able to determine exact figures for how much the cut in emissions is attributable to state law versus other factors, and the agency cited as problematic a lack of specific research that evaluates California climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LAO couldn’t find a robust, peer-reviewed study on the effect of the state’s clean energy requirement for utilities, called the renewables portfolio standard. Instead, the agency’s analysts developed their own estimate based on “back-of-the-envelope” calculations, said Ross Brown, a policy analyst for the LAO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many cases, there’s not a lot of great information evaluating either the suite of policies or a specific policy,” Brown said. “We think that this is an important thing from a public policy perspective, as well as thinking about California as a leader for other jurisdictions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Due to the dearth of specific research, the LAO study had to rely heavily on a review of existing academic literature, as well as on data from state agencies and interviews with researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Energy Sector Drives Emissions Reductions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LAO, a nonpartisan advisory agency for the state Legislature, was still able to estimate that in 2018 the requirement that utilities increase their portfolio of renewable energy reduced emissions by “the low tens of millions of tons,” at a cost of an additional $60 to $70 per ton over nonrenewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of renewable resources continues to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1951005/the-cost-of-battery-storage-plummets-at-the-right-moment-for-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plummet\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1951005/the-cost-of-battery-storage-plummets-at-the-right-moment-for-california\">. \u003c/a>That lower cost as well as federal policies also played a role in reducing the state’s annual emissions, according to the LAO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The electricity sector and specifically the kind of megaresources that we used to provide electricity has been a key driver of the state’s emission reductions over the last number of years,” said Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2006, the state’s annual emissions from the energy sector have dropped by about 40 million metric tons, a reduction of 40%. These big cuts were the primary reason California reached its overall 2020 emissions target four years \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-adv-california-climate-pollution-20180722-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ahead of schedule\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, California’s power use has remained relatively constant, even as in recent years the state’s economy has grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1954718 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig4.png 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig4-160x113.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1954716 aligncenter\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig5.png 540w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/Fig5-160x145.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "$4.2 Billion Climate Disaster Bond on California Lawmakers' Agenda",
"headTitle": "$4.2 Billion Climate Disaster Bond on California Lawmakers’ Agenda | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">In a state burdened by billions of dollars in wildfire damage, California lawmakers are hoping for an advance loan before the next climate-fueled catastrophe hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Lawmakers in the Democratic-dominated state Legislature return to work Monday for the second year of a two-year session. Their to-do list includes a $4.2 billion climate bond, an ambitious proposal to borrow money before they need it to prepare for the types of natural disasters that have plagued the state. The disasters are so destructive they forced the nation’s largest utility, Pacific Gas & Electric, to file for bankruptcy last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">The borrowing proposal is one of dozens of holdover bills from last year that are still alive in 2020 but must pass at least one legislative chamber by the end of January to have a chance at becoming law. The logjam is complicated by an accelerated election cycle that puts many lawmakers on primary election ballots in March instead of June, making it less likely for politically risky proposals to advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“We have kind of a perfect storm,” said veteran Democratic political consultant Andrew Acosta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Catastrophic wildfires have destroyed thousands of homes, generating billions of dollars in insurance claims and costing taxpayers billions more in cleanup costs. The bulk of the borrowing proposal, detailed in similar efforts authored by Democrat Ben Allen in the Senate and Democrat Eduardo Garcia in the Assembly, would go toward reducing wildfire risk throughout the state. It also includes money to protect farmland from climate change, bolster the state’s scarce water sources and help coastal communities plan for sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">The $4.2 billion price tag could grow as lawmakers discuss adding more projects for things like buying solar batteries and fuel cells to keep the lights on at nursing homes and other vulnerable sites when utility companies preemptively shut off electricity to prevent wildfires during windy conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“We’ve been really good about investing in suppression — in other words, firefighters and helicopters,” said Democratic Sen. Henry Stern. “We haven’t done that good of a job in prevention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Passing the Legislature would be the just first step for the climate bond because California can’t borrow the funds unless voters approve it. Voters could be weary of more bonds because the state has borrowed so much money in recent years that officials are having trouble spending it all. Of the $150 billion in borrowing authorized by voters in recent years, more than $34 billion has yet to be spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“We cannot spend money until projects are ready,” state Treasurer Fiona Ma said. “Sometimes it takes 10-plus years to spend money that is authorized in a bond act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Plus, voters will be asked in March to borrow another $15 billion to build more public schools, increasing the chances of spending fatigue — especially as California’s economy continues to grow, producing record budget surpluses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Supporters in the Legislature, including Senate President Pro Tem Toni Atkins, recognize the potential peril of asking the public to add to the state’s debt. But they believe residents of climate-conscious California will embrace borrowing aimed at protecting the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“I think if members of the public know that this money is going to issues around climate change, they care about that,” Atkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Some Republicans are skeptical, including Assemblyman James Gallagher, whose district includes the town of Paradise, which was mostly destroyed in the deadly 2018 Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Instead of borrowing more, Gallagher said the state should use some of the billions of dollars generated every year by its cap-and-trade system to reduce wildfire fuel by better managing forests. He also wants to temporarily block a state law that requires utilities to buy more expensive solar and wind power and upgrade their equipment to make it less likely to spark wildfires during windstorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Gallagher questioned whether borrowing is the best practice “considering the amount of debt we have right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“There are existing dollars in government that I think we could just better target,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Other proposals in legislative limbo include a controversial bill by Sen. Scott Wiener to boost housing density near public transportation by allowing apartment buildings in areas currently zoned for single-family homes. Atkins said Wiener is working on some amendments around “local flexibility” that she said might help the bill make it through the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">If it does, it could find a receptive audience in the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“I don’t like to comment on pending legislation, but I definitely think there is value in increasing housing density along certain corridors,” Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Potentially overshadowing pending legislation is the fate of Pacific Gas & Electric Co., the nation’s largest electric utility, which filed for bankruptcy after facing up to $30 billion in potential damages from wildfires started by its equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom has suggested a potential state takeover if the troubled utility cannot emerge from bankruptcy before the next wildfire season. But legislative leaders have balked at that idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Atkins said she has concerns about doing anything that lets PG&E off the hook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“Then it just transfers the liability to the ratepayers and the taxpayers,” Atkins said. “Isn’t that what we are trying to avoid?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Other topics generating interest include proposals addressing housing and homelessness, which Republican leaders in both houses say are key goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“We’re looking at real solutions that are going to make a difference in Californians’ lives,” Republican Senate Leader Shannon Grove said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In a state burdened by billions of dollars in wildfire damage, California lawmakers are hoping for an advance loan before the next climate-fueled catastrophe hits.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">In a state burdened by billions of dollars in wildfire damage, California lawmakers are hoping for an advance loan before the next climate-fueled catastrophe hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Lawmakers in the Democratic-dominated state Legislature return to work Monday for the second year of a two-year session. Their to-do list includes a $4.2 billion climate bond, an ambitious proposal to borrow money before they need it to prepare for the types of natural disasters that have plagued the state. The disasters are so destructive they forced the nation’s largest utility, Pacific Gas & Electric, to file for bankruptcy last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">The borrowing proposal is one of dozens of holdover bills from last year that are still alive in 2020 but must pass at least one legislative chamber by the end of January to have a chance at becoming law. The logjam is complicated by an accelerated election cycle that puts many lawmakers on primary election ballots in March instead of June, making it less likely for politically risky proposals to advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“We have kind of a perfect storm,” said veteran Democratic political consultant Andrew Acosta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Catastrophic wildfires have destroyed thousands of homes, generating billions of dollars in insurance claims and costing taxpayers billions more in cleanup costs. The bulk of the borrowing proposal, detailed in similar efforts authored by Democrat Ben Allen in the Senate and Democrat Eduardo Garcia in the Assembly, would go toward reducing wildfire risk throughout the state. It also includes money to protect farmland from climate change, bolster the state’s scarce water sources and help coastal communities plan for sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">The $4.2 billion price tag could grow as lawmakers discuss adding more projects for things like buying solar batteries and fuel cells to keep the lights on at nursing homes and other vulnerable sites when utility companies preemptively shut off electricity to prevent wildfires during windy conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“We’ve been really good about investing in suppression — in other words, firefighters and helicopters,” said Democratic Sen. Henry Stern. “We haven’t done that good of a job in prevention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Passing the Legislature would be the just first step for the climate bond because California can’t borrow the funds unless voters approve it. Voters could be weary of more bonds because the state has borrowed so much money in recent years that officials are having trouble spending it all. Of the $150 billion in borrowing authorized by voters in recent years, more than $34 billion has yet to be spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“We cannot spend money until projects are ready,” state Treasurer Fiona Ma said. “Sometimes it takes 10-plus years to spend money that is authorized in a bond act.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Plus, voters will be asked in March to borrow another $15 billion to build more public schools, increasing the chances of spending fatigue — especially as California’s economy continues to grow, producing record budget surpluses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Supporters in the Legislature, including Senate President Pro Tem Toni Atkins, recognize the potential peril of asking the public to add to the state’s debt. But they believe residents of climate-conscious California will embrace borrowing aimed at protecting the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“I think if members of the public know that this money is going to issues around climate change, they care about that,” Atkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Some Republicans are skeptical, including Assemblyman James Gallagher, whose district includes the town of Paradise, which was mostly destroyed in the deadly 2018 Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Instead of borrowing more, Gallagher said the state should use some of the billions of dollars generated every year by its cap-and-trade system to reduce wildfire fuel by better managing forests. He also wants to temporarily block a state law that requires utilities to buy more expensive solar and wind power and upgrade their equipment to make it less likely to spark wildfires during windstorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Gallagher questioned whether borrowing is the best practice “considering the amount of debt we have right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“There are existing dollars in government that I think we could just better target,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Other proposals in legislative limbo include a controversial bill by Sen. Scott Wiener to boost housing density near public transportation by allowing apartment buildings in areas currently zoned for single-family homes. Atkins said Wiener is working on some amendments around “local flexibility” that she said might help the bill make it through the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">If it does, it could find a receptive audience in the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“I don’t like to comment on pending legislation, but I definitely think there is value in increasing housing density along certain corridors,” Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Potentially overshadowing pending legislation is the fate of Pacific Gas & Electric Co., the nation’s largest electric utility, which filed for bankruptcy after facing up to $30 billion in potential damages from wildfires started by its equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom has suggested a potential state takeover if the troubled utility cannot emerge from bankruptcy before the next wildfire season. But legislative leaders have balked at that idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Atkins said she has concerns about doing anything that lets PG&E off the hook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“Then it just transfers the liability to the ratepayers and the taxpayers,” Atkins said. “Isn’t that what we are trying to avoid?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">Other topics generating interest include proposals addressing housing and homelessness, which Republican leaders in both houses say are key goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"Component-root-0-2-47 Component-p-0-2-40\">“We’re looking at real solutions that are going to make a difference in Californians’ lives,” Republican Senate Leader Shannon Grove said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "New California Environmental Laws Now in Effect | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It happens every January…\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New year, new laws. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From a ban on smoking at state beaches and parks to a requirement that new homes include solar panels, here is some of the California environmental legislation that took effect Jan. 1, 2020.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solar Panels Required on New California Homes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674075032/california-gives-final-ok-to-requiring-solar-panels-on-new-houses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mandate\u003c/a> approved by the California Building Standards Commission in 2018 now requires that new homes built in the state include solar panels. The new standard applies to single- and multifamily residences up to three stories. The law is aimed at helping the state reach its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">goal\u003c/a> of 100 percent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/renewable-and-non-renewable-energy-resources-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renewable energy\u003c/a> by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Smoking Ban at State Beaches and Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoking and vaping are \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no longer permitted\u003c/a> at California state beaches or parks. The fine for breaking the new law runs up to $25. Also prohibited in those areas: disposing of used cigarettes or cigars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No More Exotic Animals at the Circus\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go to the circus in 2020, don’t expect to see juggling monkeys, roaring lions or trained elephants. That’s because \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB313\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a new law\u003c/a> restricts the exhibition or use of animals in circuses to dogs, cats and domesticated horses. Violations can draw fines of up to $25,000 per day. Rodeos are exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Animal Testing in Cosmetics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Makeup and other cosmetics that were tested on animals can \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1249\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no longer\u003c/a> be sold or manufactured in California. A federal judge has temporarily issued a restraining order blocking enforcement of a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1260\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">separate law\u003c/a> that prohibits the sale of products made from alligator or crocodile skin, pending an April hearing on the state of Louisiana’s request for a preliminary injunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildfire Warning Center\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new law \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB209\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">establishes\u003c/a> a wildfire warning center to better predict weather conditions and share information around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Power Shutoffs \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investor-owned utilities are required to\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> draft plans\u003c/a> to lessen the negative effects of pre-emptive power outages aimed at preventing electric equipment from sparking fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emergency Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB160\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">must now include\u003c/a> “cultural competence” into emergency plans. The law is partially a response to elderly and non-English-speaking residents who missed emergency alerts during the state’s recent wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "From a ban on smoking at state beaches and parks to a requirement that new homes include solar panels to the prohibition of lions, elephants and other animals in circuses, these laws took effect as of Jan. 1.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It happens every January…\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New year, new laws. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From a ban on smoking at state beaches and parks to a requirement that new homes include solar panels, here is some of the California environmental legislation that took effect Jan. 1, 2020.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solar Panels Required on New California Homes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674075032/california-gives-final-ok-to-requiring-solar-panels-on-new-houses\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mandate\u003c/a> approved by the California Building Standards Commission in 2018 now requires that new homes built in the state include solar panels. The new standard applies to single- and multifamily residences up to three stories. The law is aimed at helping the state reach its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930972/why-100-percent-clean-energy-in-california-is-gonna-be-tricky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">goal\u003c/a> of 100 percent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/renewable-and-non-renewable-energy-resources-explained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">renewable energy\u003c/a> by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Smoking Ban at State Beaches and Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoking and vaping are \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no longer permitted\u003c/a> at California state beaches or parks. The fine for breaking the new law runs up to $25. Also prohibited in those areas: disposing of used cigarettes or cigars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No More Exotic Animals at the Circus\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go to the circus in 2020, don’t expect to see juggling monkeys, roaring lions or trained elephants. That’s because \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB313\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a new law\u003c/a> restricts the exhibition or use of animals in circuses to dogs, cats and domesticated horses. Violations can draw fines of up to $25,000 per day. Rodeos are exempt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Animal Testing in Cosmetics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Makeup and other cosmetics that were tested on animals can \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1249\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no longer\u003c/a> be sold or manufactured in California. A federal judge has temporarily issued a restraining order blocking enforcement of a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1260\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">separate law\u003c/a> that prohibits the sale of products made from alligator or crocodile skin, pending an April hearing on the state of Louisiana’s request for a preliminary injunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wildfire Warning Center\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new law \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB209\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">establishes\u003c/a> a wildfire warning center to better predict weather conditions and share information around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Power Shutoffs \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investor-owned utilities are required to\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB167\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> draft plans\u003c/a> to lessen the negative effects of pre-emptive power outages aimed at preventing electric equipment from sparking fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emergency Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB160\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">must now include\u003c/a> “cultural competence” into emergency plans. The law is partially a response to elderly and non-English-speaking residents who missed emergency alerts during the state’s recent wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State water officials say the snowpack near Lake Tahoe is 97% of the historical average for this time of year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sean de Guzman, chief of the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2020/January-2020-Snow-Survey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Water Resources’\u003c/a> Snow Surveys and Water Supply Forecasting Section, conducted the first manual snow survey of the season Thursday at Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada, south of Lake Tahoe in El Dorado County.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of 260 stations that measures snowpack statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De Guzman said the snowpack across the Sierra Nevada is 90% of average for this time of year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1936797/why-we-cant-stop-talking-about-californias-sierra-snowpack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record snowpack\u003c/a> as Snow Water Content, which measures how much water is contained within the snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That way we know basically how much water will eventually melt during the spring and summer months to refill all of our reservoirs,” de Guzman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CA_DWR/status/1212831660305088512?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California’s water season started off slowly, with little rain in October and early November, but state climatologist Michael Anderson said late-November and December storms were a big help.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR tracks snowpack leading up to April first, when the spring runoff typically begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson says the weather over the next few months will go a long way in determining how much water will be stored up for the spring and summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We experience fantastic variability here in California, not only year-to-year, but within the year,” Anderson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that large variability, it’s really difficult to say now where we’re at versus what the outlook will be when we get to April one.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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