window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"futureofyou_217338": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_217338",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "217338",
"found": true
},
"parent": 217172,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciextra5-400x310.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 310
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciextra5-549x372.jpg",
"width": 549,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciextra5.jpg",
"width": 549,
"height": 425
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciextra5-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciextra5-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciextra5-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciextra5-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciextra5-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciextra5-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1470434797,
"modified": 1470672884,
"caption": "Live human mammary epithelial cells (green) rest on the endothelial surface, on the left two panels. On the right, the cells have become migratory and invasive, and are using microtentacles (black arrows) to penetrate the junctions (white arrowhead) between blood vessel endothelial cells (red). ",
"description": null,
"title": "nciextra5",
"credit": "Stuart S. Martin",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_899863": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_899863",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "899863",
"found": true
},
"parent": 899859,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/mosquito-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/mosquito-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/mosquito.jpg",
"width": 720,
"height": 405
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/mosquito-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/mosquito-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/mosquito-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/mosquito-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/mosquito-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/mosquito-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1470410584,
"modified": 1470410609,
"caption": "A squashed Aedes Aegypti, which can spread Zika and other diseases.",
"description": null,
"title": "mosquito",
"credit": "Laura Domínguez/flickr",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_215272": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_215272",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "215272",
"found": true
},
"parent": 215268,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-1038x576.png",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-400x228.png",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 228
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-960x547.png",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 547
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC.png",
"width": 1561,
"height": 889
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-1180x672.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 672
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-800x456.png",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 456
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-1180x672.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 672
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-768x437.png",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 437
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/HolmesAACC-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1470146001,
"modified": 1492111910,
"caption": "Theranos founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes presenting in front of thousands of lab experts at the American Association for Clinical Chemistry's annual meeting, Aug. 1, 2016.",
"description": "Theranos founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes presenting at the AACC's annual meeting on Aug. 1, 2016.",
"title": "HolmesAACC",
"credit": "AACC video",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_218424": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_218424",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "218424",
"found": true
},
"parent": 218421,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-e1469811001828.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-1440x960.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"jmtc-small-thumb": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-280x150.jpg",
"width": 280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/GettyImages-534466930-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1469810982,
"modified": 1469814013,
"caption": "A Miami-Dade County mosquito control inspector uses a fogger to spray pesticide to kill mosquitos to fight a possible Zika virus outbreak.",
"description": "zika, mosquito, florida mosquitoes",
"title": "City Of Miami Sprays To Prevent Mosquito-Bourne Illnesses",
"credit": "Joe Raedle/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_210925": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_210925",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "210925",
"found": true
},
"parent": 210924,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-400x339.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 339
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-960x813.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 813
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-e1469568572841.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1625
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-1180x999.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 999
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-709x600.jpg",
"width": 709,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-1920x1625.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1625
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-1180x999.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 999
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-768x650.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 650
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/smelltest_enl-c7052e1be111a07d2d328b008e44c90d5076f562-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1469568382,
"modified": 1469568454,
"caption": "Parkinson's disease, smoking, certain head injuries and even normal aging can influence our sense of smell. But certain patterns of loss in the ability to identify odors seem pronounced in Alzheimer's, researchers say.",
"description": "Parkinson's disease, smoking, certain head injuries and even normal aging can influence our sense of smell. But certain patterns of loss in the ability to identify odors seem pronounced in Alzheimer's, researchers say.",
"title": "Parkinson's disease, smoking, certain head injuries and even normal aging can influence our sense of smell. But certain patterns of loss in the ability to identify odors seem pronounced in Alzheimer's, researchers say.",
"credit": "CSA Images/Color Printstock Collection/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_215080": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_215080",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "215080",
"found": true
},
"parent": 215079,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-400x284.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 284
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-960x681.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 681
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-e1469038228751.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1361
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-1440x1021.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1021
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-800x567.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 567
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"jmtc-small-thumb": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-280x150.jpg",
"width": 280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-1920x1361.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1361
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-1180x837.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 837
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-768x545.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 545
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/07/zikalarva_enl-8eef210d5787b4be13eefd76edbdf4fc7e5c74df-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1469038018,
"modified": 1469038286,
"caption": "A Broward County, Fla., employee takes water samples in a yard to test for mosquito larvae in June. It's part of the county's mosquito control program.",
"description": "A Broward County, Fla., employee takes water samples in a yard to test for mosquito larvae in June. It's part of the county's mosquito control program.",
"title": "A Broward County, Fla., employee takes water samples in a yard to test for mosquito larvae in June. It's part of the county's mosquito control program.",
"credit": "Lynne Sladky/AP",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_206962": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_206962",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "206962",
"found": true
},
"parent": 206961,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/post-thaw-1_wide-aa6554595b1a7c3a48f17906bf76f7dd39b7e24b-400x225.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/post-thaw-1_wide-aa6554595b1a7c3a48f17906bf76f7dd39b7e24b-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/post-thaw-1_wide-aa6554595b1a7c3a48f17906bf76f7dd39b7e24b.jpg",
"width": 921,
"height": 518
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/post-thaw-1_wide-aa6554595b1a7c3a48f17906bf76f7dd39b7e24b-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/post-thaw-1_wide-aa6554595b1a7c3a48f17906bf76f7dd39b7e24b-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/post-thaw-1_wide-aa6554595b1a7c3a48f17906bf76f7dd39b7e24b-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/post-thaw-1_wide-aa6554595b1a7c3a48f17906bf76f7dd39b7e24b-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/post-thaw-1_wide-aa6554595b1a7c3a48f17906bf76f7dd39b7e24b-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/post-thaw-1_wide-aa6554595b1a7c3a48f17906bf76f7dd39b7e24b-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/post-thaw-1_wide-aa6554595b1a7c3a48f17906bf76f7dd39b7e24b-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/post-thaw-1_wide-aa6554595b1a7c3a48f17906bf76f7dd39b7e24b-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468973070,
"modified": 1468973070,
"caption": null,
"description": "Ovarian tissue after the thaw -- ready for reimplantation.",
"title": "Ovarian tissue after the thaw — ready for reimplantation.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_146292": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_146292",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "146292",
"found": true
},
"parent": 0,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-400x400.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 400
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-960x960.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2.jpg",
"width": 1572,
"height": 1572
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-1440x1440.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-800x800.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"jmtc-small-thumb": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-280x150.jpg",
"width": 280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-1180x1180.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1180
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-768x768.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 768
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2016/02/20487_sq-2b636f1f33fc0cbf33abaf61f367b1cf037e42f2-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1455138249,
"modified": 1468876482,
"caption": "This is a transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of Zika virus. The arrow identifies a single virus particle.",
"description": "This is a transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of Zika virus, which is a member of the family \u003cem>Flaviviridae\u003c/em>. Virus particles are 40 nm in diameter, with an outer envelope, and an inner dense core. The arrow identifies a single virus particle",
"title": "This is a transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of Zika virus, which is a member of the family Flaviviridae. Virus particles are 40 nm in diameter, with an outer envelope, and an inner dense core. The arrow identifies a single virus particle.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_206094": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_206094",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "206094",
"found": true
},
"parent": 202830,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/pakistan-400x233.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 233
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/pakistan-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/pakistan.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 465
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/pakistan-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/pakistan-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/pakistan-800x465.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 465
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/pakistan-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/pakistan-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/pakistan-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/pakistan-768x446.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 446
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/pakistan-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468858831,
"modified": 1468858855,
"caption": "A patient suffering from dengue fever lies under a bed net in a hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, during a 2011 outbreak of the mosquito-borne disease.\n",
"description": null,
"title": "pakistan",
"credit": "Arif Ali/AFP/Getty ",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_203765": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_203765",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "203765",
"found": true
},
"parent": 201621,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/retinal-400x330.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 330
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/retinal-546x372.jpg",
"width": 546,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/retinal.jpg",
"width": 546,
"height": 451
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/retinal-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/retinal-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/retinal-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/retinal-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/retinal-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/retinal-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468540241,
"modified": 1468603703,
"caption": "3-D view of retinal ganglion cell. ",
"description": null,
"title": "retinal",
"credit": "National Institutes of Health",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_202944": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_202944",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "202944",
"found": true
},
"parent": 202943,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-400x319.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 319
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-960x765.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1593
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-1180x940.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 940
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-753x600.jpg",
"width": 753,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-1920x1529.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1529
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-1180x940.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 940
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-768x612.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 612
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/touchofevil_enl-e004dd843fa7161c3c0defd838174040d100ca61-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468439163,
"modified": 1468439163,
"caption": null,
"description": "Lucky laboratory mice got to watch scenes from Orson Welles' classic \u003cem>Touch of Evil, \u003c/em>starring Janet Leigh and Charlton Heston",
"title": "Lucky laboratory mice got to watch scenes from Orson Welles' classic Touch of Evil, starring Janet Leigh and Charlton Heston.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_202268": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_202268",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "202268",
"found": true
},
"parent": 202267,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-1038x576.jpe",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-400x225.jpe",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 225
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-960x540.jpe",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-672x372.jpe",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-e1468359918220.jpe",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-1180x663.jpe",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 663
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-50x50.jpe",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-96x96.jpe",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-800x450.jpe",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-64x64.jpe",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-32x32.jpe",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-1920x1080.jpe",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-1180x663.jpe",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 663
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-150x150.jpe",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-768x432.jpe",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/npr.tm13_wide-e35a77309a5dc54989aac9a83d0d71889523f499-128x128.jpe",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1468346042,
"modified": 1468346042,
"caption": null,
"description": "Katherine Streeter for NPR",
"title": "Katherine Streeter for NPR",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_899859": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_899859",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_899859",
"name": "John Upton\u003c/br>Climate Central",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_stateofhealth_218421": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_stateofhealth_218421",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_stateofhealth_218421",
"name": "Mike Schneider\u003cbr /> Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_210924": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_210924",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_210924",
"name": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR All Things Considered",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_stateofhealth_215079": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_stateofhealth_215079",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_stateofhealth_215079",
"name": "Rob Stein",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_206961": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_206961",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_206961",
"name": "Rob Stein\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_stateofhealth_214374": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_stateofhealth_214374",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_stateofhealth_214374",
"name": "Lindsay Whitehurst\u003cbr /> Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_202830": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_202830",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_202830",
"name": "Natalie Jacewicz\u003cbr />NPR Goats and Soda",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_202943": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_202943",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_202943",
"name": "Jon Hamilton\u003c/br>NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_202267": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_202267",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_202267",
"name": "Robin Marantz Henig\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"jbrooks": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "80",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"name": "Jon Brooks",
"firstName": "Jon",
"lastName": "Brooks",
"slug": "jbrooks",
"email": "jbrooks@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Digital Editor",
"bio": "Jon Brooks is a former Digital Editor for KQED Science. He is the former editor of KQED’s daily news blog, News Fix. In 2014, he won a California Journalism Award for his coverage of ride services like Uber and Lyft and the taxi industry. A veteran blogger, he previously worked for Yahoo! in various news writing and editing roles. Jon is also a playwright whose work has been produced in San Francisco, New York, Italy, and around the U.S. He has written about film for his own blog and studied film at Boston University.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "jbrooksfoy",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"Contributor",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "mindshift",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Jon Brooks | KQED",
"description": "Digital Editor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/jbrooks"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_health": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"score": 10.88648
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Health",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 58
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=health",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 58
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"futureofyou_217172": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_217172",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "217172",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1470675610000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1470675610,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Beautiful But Deadly: Images of Cancer, Close Up",
"title": "Beautiful But Deadly: Images of Cancer, Close Up",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Sometimes, nature is an abstract expressionist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are selected images from the National Cancer Institute's \"\u003ca href=\"https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/collection.cfm?groupid=4\" target=\"_blank\">Cancer Close Up 2016\u003c/a>\" collection, posted last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NCI in February put out a call to researchers for \"spectacular microscopy photographs of cancer-related cells, tissues, and molecules that colorfully illustrate significant research conducted by NCI-designated cancer centers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NCI said it was particularly interested in images related to precision medicine, for which the agency receives funding as part of the federal government's \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/01/30/fact-sheet-president-obama-s-precision-medicine-initiative%22%20target=%22_blank\" target=\"_blank\">Precision Medicine Initiative.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the images were created using fluorescence microscope, an NCI spokesperson said. Some used an electron microscope. The images will adorn its exhibit booth at annual cancer research meetings and will be featured in public image galleries (not to mention \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/ncivisualsonline/\" target=\"_blank\">Instagram\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/collection.cfm?groupid=4\" target=\"_blank\">see the full collection here\u003c/a>, but we liked these the best. The descriptions are from the NCI and have been lightly edited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217174 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid.jpg\" alt=\"ncilipid\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Altered lipid metabolism may be a key signature of cancer. This image reveals the storage of cholesterol ester in lipid droplets (bright dots) in aggressive human prostate cancer. This finding may lead to new cancer drugs that work by blocking the activity of cholesterol esterification. \u003ci>(Ji-Xin Cheng/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217176\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncioncoprotein.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217176 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncioncoprotein.jpg\" alt=\"ncioncoprotein\" width=\"672\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncioncoprotein.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncioncoprotein-400x304.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with various cancers. Researchers are working to understand the processes by which HPV can transform a healthy cell into a cancerous one. This image shows actin (stained in green), a protein involved in cell motion, in HPV-16 E6 and E7-expressing human foreskin keratinocytes. (\u003ci>Ewa Krawczyk/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217203\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217203 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor.jpg\" alt=\"ncibreasttumor\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This image of a breast cancer tumor and its microenvironment was obtained from a live mouse model. The image was obtained without any fluorophores, stains, or dyes, using only the metabolic co-factors of NADH and FAD, which are already inside of cells, along with second harmonic generation to see collagen. This technique has important clinical potential for patients who require label-free imaging, and may lead to more effective diagnoses and treatments. Tumor cells display in cyan, macrophages in red, collagen fibers in green. (\u003ci>Joseph Szulczewski, David Inman, Kevin Eliceiri and Patricia Keely/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217205\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 965px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217205 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy.jpg\" alt=\"nciimmunotherapy\" width=\"965\" height=\"803\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy.jpg 965w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy-400x333.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy-721x600.jpg 721w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy-768x639.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy-960x799.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 965px) 100vw, 965px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shown here is a pseudo-colored scanning electron micrograph of an oral squamous cancer cell (white) being attacked by two cytotoxic T cells (red), part of a natural immune response. Nanomedicine researchers are creating personalized cancer vaccines by loading neoantigens identified from the patient's tumor into nanoparticles. When presented with immune stimulants, this activates the patient's own immune system, leading to expansion of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. (\u003ci>Rita Elena Serda/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217207\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 864px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217207 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia.jpg\" alt=\"nciDrosophilia\" width=\"864\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia.jpg 864w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-768x768.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The human CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion protein is a key driver of pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), and confers a poor prognosis. Researchers found a way to express CBFA2T3-GLIS2 (red) in larval fruit fly wing disc cells. This confirms a major role for a pathway that may provide a target for new therapies. Nuclei (green) and actin filaments (purple) are also shown. (\u003ci>Suresh Marada/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217209 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles.jpg\" alt=\"nci nanoparticles\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Treating cancer in the brain is particularly difficult because most drug molecules are not small enough to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Researchers wonder whether nanoparticles can serve as a drug-delivery mechanism. This image shows nanoparticles (red) being taken up in the brain of a live rat model with glioblastoma (in green). Nuclear DNA is in blue; tumor-associated macrophages in white.\u003ci> (Eric Hoyeon Song, Alice Gaudin, W. Mark Saltzman/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More detail on how the images were created from \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/deadly-and-beautiful-the-mesmerizing-images-of-cancer-research/2016/07/11/307edb24-43a3-11e6-8856-f26de2537a9d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Most of the photos ... are made with fluorescent optical microscopes with attached digital cameras. Scientists use various fluorescent stains to highlight specific cellular structures ... and these stains and dyes “light up” when exposed to specific wavelengths of light. (Often) the final multicolored images obtained are composites — overlays — of separate images taken using different wavelengths.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And from \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/07/15/cancer-cells-slideshow/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The photographic techniques that produced them are allowing scientists to understand how the interactions between cellular proteins and the cell nucleus allow cancer cells to invade far-flung tissue, for instance, and how certain molecules allow tumor cells to withstand chemotherapy.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "217172 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=217172",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/08/beautiful-but-deadly-images-of-cancer-up-close/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 689,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1470677697,
"excerpt": "Spectacular microscropy images from the National Cancer Institute.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Spectacular microscropy images from the National Cancer Institute.",
"title": "Beautiful But Deadly: Images of Cancer, Close Up | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Beautiful But Deadly: Images of Cancer, Close Up",
"datePublished": "2016-08-08T10:00:10-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-08-08T10:34:57-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "beautiful-but-deadly-images-of-cancer-up-close",
"status": "publish",
"source": "Personalized Medicine",
"path": "/futureofyou/217172/beautiful-but-deadly-images-of-cancer-up-close",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sometimes, nature is an abstract expressionist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are selected images from the National Cancer Institute's \"\u003ca href=\"https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/collection.cfm?groupid=4\" target=\"_blank\">Cancer Close Up 2016\u003c/a>\" collection, posted last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NCI in February put out a call to researchers for \"spectacular microscopy photographs of cancer-related cells, tissues, and molecules that colorfully illustrate significant research conducted by NCI-designated cancer centers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NCI said it was particularly interested in images related to precision medicine, for which the agency receives funding as part of the federal government's \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/01/30/fact-sheet-president-obama-s-precision-medicine-initiative%22%20target=%22_blank\" target=\"_blank\">Precision Medicine Initiative.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the images were created using fluorescence microscope, an NCI spokesperson said. Some used an electron microscope. The images will adorn its exhibit booth at annual cancer research meetings and will be featured in public image galleries (not to mention \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/ncivisualsonline/\" target=\"_blank\">Instagram\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"https://visualsonline.cancer.gov/collection.cfm?groupid=4\" target=\"_blank\">see the full collection here\u003c/a>, but we liked these the best. The descriptions are from the NCI and have been lightly edited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217174 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid.jpg\" alt=\"ncilipid\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncilipid-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Altered lipid metabolism may be a key signature of cancer. This image reveals the storage of cholesterol ester in lipid droplets (bright dots) in aggressive human prostate cancer. This finding may lead to new cancer drugs that work by blocking the activity of cholesterol esterification. \u003ci>(Ji-Xin Cheng/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217176\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncioncoprotein.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217176 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncioncoprotein.jpg\" alt=\"ncioncoprotein\" width=\"672\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncioncoprotein.jpg 672w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncioncoprotein-400x304.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 672px) 100vw, 672px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Infection with certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with various cancers. Researchers are working to understand the processes by which HPV can transform a healthy cell into a cancerous one. This image shows actin (stained in green), a protein involved in cell motion, in HPV-16 E6 and E7-expressing human foreskin keratinocytes. (\u003ci>Ewa Krawczyk/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217203\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217203 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor.jpg\" alt=\"ncibreasttumor\" width=\"720\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/ncibreasttumor-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This image of a breast cancer tumor and its microenvironment was obtained from a live mouse model. The image was obtained without any fluorophores, stains, or dyes, using only the metabolic co-factors of NADH and FAD, which are already inside of cells, along with second harmonic generation to see collagen. This technique has important clinical potential for patients who require label-free imaging, and may lead to more effective diagnoses and treatments. Tumor cells display in cyan, macrophages in red, collagen fibers in green. (\u003ci>Joseph Szulczewski, David Inman, Kevin Eliceiri and Patricia Keely/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217205\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 965px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217205 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy.jpg\" alt=\"nciimmunotherapy\" width=\"965\" height=\"803\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy.jpg 965w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy-400x333.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy-721x600.jpg 721w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy-768x639.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciimmunotherapy-960x799.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 965px) 100vw, 965px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shown here is a pseudo-colored scanning electron micrograph of an oral squamous cancer cell (white) being attacked by two cytotoxic T cells (red), part of a natural immune response. Nanomedicine researchers are creating personalized cancer vaccines by loading neoantigens identified from the patient's tumor into nanoparticles. When presented with immune stimulants, this activates the patient's own immune system, leading to expansion of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. (\u003ci>Rita Elena Serda/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217207\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 864px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217207 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia.jpg\" alt=\"nciDrosophilia\" width=\"864\" height=\"864\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia.jpg 864w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-768x768.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nciDrosophilia-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The human CBFA2T3-GLIS2 fusion protein is a key driver of pediatric acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL), and confers a poor prognosis. Researchers found a way to express CBFA2T3-GLIS2 (red) in larval fruit fly wing disc cells. This confirms a major role for a pathway that may provide a target for new therapies. Nuclei (green) and actin filaments (purple) are also shown. (\u003ci>Suresh Marada/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_217209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-217209 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles.jpg\" alt=\"nci nanoparticles\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/nci-nanoparticles-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Treating cancer in the brain is particularly difficult because most drug molecules are not small enough to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Researchers wonder whether nanoparticles can serve as a drug-delivery mechanism. This image shows nanoparticles (red) being taken up in the brain of a live rat model with glioblastoma (in green). Nuclear DNA is in blue; tumor-associated macrophages in white.\u003ci> (Eric Hoyeon Song, Alice Gaudin, W. Mark Saltzman/NCI)\u003c/i>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More detail on how the images were created from \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/deadly-and-beautiful-the-mesmerizing-images-of-cancer-research/2016/07/11/307edb24-43a3-11e6-8856-f26de2537a9d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Most of the photos ... are made with fluorescent optical microscopes with attached digital cameras. Scientists use various fluorescent stains to highlight specific cellular structures ... and these stains and dyes “light up” when exposed to specific wavelengths of light. (Often) the final multicolored images obtained are composites — overlays — of separate images taken using different wavelengths.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And from \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/07/15/cancer-cells-slideshow/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The photographic techniques that produced them are allowing scientists to understand how the interactions between cellular proteins and the cell nucleus allow cancer cells to invade far-flung tissue, for instance, and how certain molecules allow tumor cells to withstand chemotherapy.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/217172/beautiful-but-deadly-images-of-cancer-up-close",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_103",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_112"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_217338",
"label": "source_futureofyou_217172"
},
"science_899859": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_899859",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "899859",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1470410855000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1470410855,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Scientists Tease Out Climate Change’s Role in Zika Spread",
"headTitle": "Scientists Tease Out Climate Change’s Role in Zika Spread | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Athletes and tourists converging on Brazil this week are crowding into a country where rapid environmental change and natural weather fluctuations nurtured a viral epidemic that has gone global.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Zika virus has exploded throughout South America, up through Mexico and Puerto Rico and into Florida, but the conditions it needed to fester in northern Brazil were rooted in urbanization and poverty. The initial Brazilian outbreak appears to have been aided by a drought driven by El Niño, and by higher temperatures caused by longer-term weather cycles and by rising levels of greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Warming temperatures have lengthened the mosquito seasons in three quarters of major U.S. cities.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This combination of human and natural forces is emerging as the possible incubator of a disease that’s painfully elusive to detect, despite its cruel effects on unborn children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/health/zika-florida.html\">unprecedented domestic travel advisory\u003c/a> this week, warning pregnant women to avoid a Miami neighborhood where more than a dozen Zika cases were confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warning came six months after the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/\">World Health Organization declared\u003c/a> a public health emergency “of international concern” in Brazil, where the opening ceremony for the Summer Olympics is scheduled for Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Zika infections produce no symptoms, turning their hosts into unwitting harbors for the disease, which is mainly spread through mosquito bites. Unborn children risk microcephaly when their mothers are infected, meaning their heads are small — the result of unusual brain development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the effects of El Niño and other weather cycles are beyond the control of humans, the recent spread of the disease into the U.S. is a savage reminder of the heavy toll that humans are taking on their planet — and of the potential for those changes to bite back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/more-mosquito-days-increasing-zika-risk-in-us-20553\">research recently showed\u003c/a> that warming temperatures have lengthened the mosquito seasons in three quarters of major cities in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Americans unaccustomed to fearing tropical diseases at home, the northward march of the outbreak is delivering an exotic threat. \u003ca href=\"http://undark.org/2016/08/02/peak-mosquito-time-atlantic-coast-will-zika-follow/\">Researchers are warning\u003c/a> that the disease could reach the halls of power in Washington D.C. and the dense metropolis of New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosquitoes rely on water to breed and flourish, yet a drought that beset northern Brazil amid a heatwave in 2014 and 2015 — while the disease was stealthily taking root — is thought to have worked in the mosquitoes’ favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because households began storing more water, ushering breeding mosquitoes and their larvae inside their homes. Like other developing countries, many in Brazil lack regular access to piped water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a drought, you don’t have reliable water access, and that makes you go and get water and store,” said \u003ca href=\"http://geog.ufl.edu/faculty/ryan/\">Sadie Ryan\u003c/a>, a medical geographer at the University of Florida. “By storing it, you’re creating mosquito habitat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small puddles and ponds of water that accumulate in urbanized areas also tend to favor the lifestyles of the types of mosquitoes that spread Zika, compared with those that tend to thrive in more remote regions. Ryan called these types of mosquitoes “urban capable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In South America up to the ‘70s, there was a really big push for vector control,” Ryan said, referring to efforts to control mosquito populations, such as spraying insecticides. “Then the money went away for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, temperatures have been rising globally because of the polluting effects of fossil fuel-powered industrialization, deforestation and livestock farming, and natural climate cycles have been exacerbating the rate of warming in some places, such as in northern Brazil and California. That’s significant, because mosquitoes can only survive above certain temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you’re over that minimum temperature, there’s nothing killing the vector,” Ryan said. “There’s nothing slowing it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a February letter \u003ca href=\"http://thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)00256-7/fulltext\">published in The Lancet\u003c/a>, a British medical journal, the University of Haifa’s \u003ca href=\"http://geo.haifa.ac.il/~spaz/\">Shlomit Paz\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sei-international.org/staff?staffid=393\">Jan Semenza\u003c/a> of the Stockholm Environment Institute and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reported discovering a “striking overlap” between areas in Brazil that were afflicted by extreme weather linked to El Niño, and areas where Zika was lurking one month later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We definitely think temperature and climate have an impact on transmission, but that relationship is often complex,” Semenza said. “It’s always very difficult to attribute one single climatic event to climate change, and then draw a causal link to health outcomes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, a team of American and Venezuelan scientists took a closer statistical look at the relationship between climate and the Zika outbreak, and reported that El Niño and climate change were not the only important factors — though they were both important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the team blamed El Niño for the drought that fueled the Zika outbreak, they concluded that climate change and long-term weather cycles, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which is a long-term cycle in trade winds that \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/scientists-say-warming-slowdown-was-real-20068\">influences surface temperatures globally\u003c/a>, played important roles in pushing temperatures up to those favored by Zika-carrying mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings were hurriedly pre-published without being peer reviewed \u003ca href=\"http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/06/19/059808\">on the website bioRxiv\u003c/a>. That provided health officials and policymakers with rapid information about the findings while the details continue to be reviewed and improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bu.edu/pardee/community/staff/janetos/\">Anthony Janetos\u003c/a>, a professor of earth and environmental studies at Boston University, who wasn’t involved with the recent study, warned that it does not definitively prove the links that the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of that, Janetos criticized the researchers for their choice of headline for the paper, which states that the Zika epidemic was “fueled by climate variations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’d been able to show that the same patterns occurred in other outbreak regions, such as Puerto Rico, then their circumstantial case would be stronger,” Janetos said. “But they haven’t done that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/cics/people/display_person.xml?netid=agms&display=All\">Ángel Muñoz\u003c/a>, a climate scientist with affiliations at Princeton and Columbia universities who led the research, acknowledged Janetos’s criticisms, and he said the headline would be changed prior to final publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This paper is not an answer for a lot of the questions that we have, but it’s an important step,” Muñoz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not possible right now to show a formal link between Zika and climate, because no one has enough data,” Muñoz said. “You need years, not months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With models warning that the epidemic will worsen before it begins to improve, the human suffering that’s expected in the months and years to come may help scientists continue to tease apart roles of natural forces in driving the outbreak from those of climate change and other problems caused by humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1192,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 31
},
"modified": 1704929813,
"excerpt": "As Zika spreads northward, scientists are beginning to understand how human greenhouse gas emissions stoked the epidemic.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "As Zika spreads northward, scientists are beginning to understand how human greenhouse gas emissions stoked the epidemic.",
"title": "Scientists Tease Out Climate Change’s Role in Zika Spread | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Scientists Tease Out Climate Change’s Role in Zika Spread",
"datePublished": "2016-08-05T08:27:35-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:36:53-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "scientists-tease-out-climate-changes-role-in-zika-spread",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "http://www.climatecentral.org/",
"nprByline": "John Upton\u003c/br>Climate Central",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate Central",
"path": "/science/899859/scientists-tease-out-climate-changes-role-in-zika-spread",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Athletes and tourists converging on Brazil this week are crowding into a country where rapid environmental change and natural weather fluctuations nurtured a viral epidemic that has gone global.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Zika virus has exploded throughout South America, up through Mexico and Puerto Rico and into Florida, but the conditions it needed to fester in northern Brazil were rooted in urbanization and poverty. The initial Brazilian outbreak appears to have been aided by a drought driven by El Niño, and by higher temperatures caused by longer-term weather cycles and by rising levels of greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Warming temperatures have lengthened the mosquito seasons in three quarters of major U.S. cities.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This combination of human and natural forces is emerging as the possible incubator of a disease that’s painfully elusive to detect, despite its cruel effects on unborn children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued an \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/02/health/zika-florida.html\">unprecedented domestic travel advisory\u003c/a> this week, warning pregnant women to avoid a Miami neighborhood where more than a dozen Zika cases were confirmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warning came six months after the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/1st-emergency-committee-zika/en/\">World Health Organization declared\u003c/a> a public health emergency “of international concern” in Brazil, where the opening ceremony for the Summer Olympics is scheduled for Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Zika infections produce no symptoms, turning their hosts into unwitting harbors for the disease, which is mainly spread through mosquito bites. Unborn children risk microcephaly when their mothers are infected, meaning their heads are small — the result of unusual brain development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the effects of El Niño and other weather cycles are beyond the control of humans, the recent spread of the disease into the U.S. is a savage reminder of the heavy toll that humans are taking on their planet — and of the potential for those changes to bite back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Central \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/more-mosquito-days-increasing-zika-risk-in-us-20553\">research recently showed\u003c/a> that warming temperatures have lengthened the mosquito seasons in three quarters of major cities in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Americans unaccustomed to fearing tropical diseases at home, the northward march of the outbreak is delivering an exotic threat. \u003ca href=\"http://undark.org/2016/08/02/peak-mosquito-time-atlantic-coast-will-zika-follow/\">Researchers are warning\u003c/a> that the disease could reach the halls of power in Washington D.C. and the dense metropolis of New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosquitoes rely on water to breed and flourish, yet a drought that beset northern Brazil amid a heatwave in 2014 and 2015 — while the disease was stealthily taking root — is thought to have worked in the mosquitoes’ favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because households began storing more water, ushering breeding mosquitoes and their larvae inside their homes. Like other developing countries, many in Brazil lack regular access to piped water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a drought, you don’t have reliable water access, and that makes you go and get water and store,” said \u003ca href=\"http://geog.ufl.edu/faculty/ryan/\">Sadie Ryan\u003c/a>, a medical geographer at the University of Florida. “By storing it, you’re creating mosquito habitat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Small puddles and ponds of water that accumulate in urbanized areas also tend to favor the lifestyles of the types of mosquitoes that spread Zika, compared with those that tend to thrive in more remote regions. Ryan called these types of mosquitoes “urban capable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In South America up to the ‘70s, there was a really big push for vector control,” Ryan said, referring to efforts to control mosquito populations, such as spraying insecticides. “Then the money went away for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, temperatures have been rising globally because of the polluting effects of fossil fuel-powered industrialization, deforestation and livestock farming, and natural climate cycles have been exacerbating the rate of warming in some places, such as in northern Brazil and California. That’s significant, because mosquitoes can only survive above certain temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you’re over that minimum temperature, there’s nothing killing the vector,” Ryan said. “There’s nothing slowing it down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a February letter \u003ca href=\"http://thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)00256-7/fulltext\">published in The Lancet\u003c/a>, a British medical journal, the University of Haifa’s \u003ca href=\"http://geo.haifa.ac.il/~spaz/\">Shlomit Paz\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sei-international.org/staff?staffid=393\">Jan Semenza\u003c/a> of the Stockholm Environment Institute and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control reported discovering a “striking overlap” between areas in Brazil that were afflicted by extreme weather linked to El Niño, and areas where Zika was lurking one month later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We definitely think temperature and climate have an impact on transmission, but that relationship is often complex,” Semenza said. “It’s always very difficult to attribute one single climatic event to climate change, and then draw a causal link to health outcomes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, a team of American and Venezuelan scientists took a closer statistical look at the relationship between climate and the Zika outbreak, and reported that El Niño and climate change were not the only important factors — though they were both important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the team blamed El Niño for the drought that fueled the Zika outbreak, they concluded that climate change and long-term weather cycles, such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which is a long-term cycle in trade winds that \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/scientists-say-warming-slowdown-was-real-20068\">influences surface temperatures globally\u003c/a>, played important roles in pushing temperatures up to those favored by Zika-carrying mosquitoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings were hurriedly pre-published without being peer reviewed \u003ca href=\"http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/06/19/059808\">on the website bioRxiv\u003c/a>. That provided health officials and policymakers with rapid information about the findings while the details continue to be reviewed and improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bu.edu/pardee/community/staff/janetos/\">Anthony Janetos\u003c/a>, a professor of earth and environmental studies at Boston University, who wasn’t involved with the recent study, warned that it does not definitively prove the links that the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of that, Janetos criticized the researchers for their choice of headline for the paper, which states that the Zika epidemic was “fueled by climate variations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’d been able to show that the same patterns occurred in other outbreak regions, such as Puerto Rico, then their circumstantial case would be stronger,” Janetos said. “But they haven’t done that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/cics/people/display_person.xml?netid=agms&display=All\">Ángel Muñoz\u003c/a>, a climate scientist with affiliations at Princeton and Columbia universities who led the research, acknowledged Janetos’s criticisms, and he said the headline would be changed prior to final publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This paper is not an answer for a lot of the questions that we have, but it’s an important step,” Muñoz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not possible right now to show a formal link between Zika and climate, because no one has enough data,” Muñoz said. “You need years, not months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With models warning that the epidemic will worsen before it begins to improve, the human suffering that’s expected in the months and years to come may help scientists continue to tease apart roles of natural forces in driving the outbreak from those of climate change and other problems caused by humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">Climate Central\u003c/a> \u003cem>is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/899859/scientists-tease-out-climate-changes-role-in-zika-spread",
"authors": [
"byline_science_899859"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_39",
"science_40"
],
"featImg": "science_899863",
"label": "source_science_899859"
},
"futureofyou_215268": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_215268",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "215268",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1470146077000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1470146077,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Full Video Replay: Elizabeth Holmes' Presentation in Front of 2,000 Scientists",
"title": "Full Video Replay: Elizabeth Holmes' Presentation in Front of 2,000 Scientists",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6JRG733ReQ&ab_channel=AACC\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking Monday before an estimated 2,650 people -- most of them laboratory scientists -- at the annual meeting of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/29/theranos-elizabeth-holmes-will-face-1000-scientists-monday-can-she-say-anything-to-gain-their-trust/\" target=\"_blank\">introduced a new device\u003c/a> that can fit on a desktop. Holmes said the machine, called a miniLab, integrates several blood-testing methodologies and, using robots and its proprietary “nanotainer” collection tube, will be able to process small volumes of blood remotely and send data back to a centralized location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes did not present data concerning the problematic consumer blood tests the company ran over the past few years -- tests that have led to a suspension of Holmes by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services as well as severe penalties for Theranos, multiple lawsuits, and the loss of the company's key parternship with Walgreens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can watch Holmes' entire presentation, plus the question and answer period, above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "215268 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=215268",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/08/02/full-video-replay-elizabeth-holmes-presentation-at-aacc/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 162,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 5
},
"modified": 1470168800,
"excerpt": "Speaking before an estimated 2,650 people at the annual meeting of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry on Monday, Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes introduced a new device that can fit on a desktop.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Speaking before an estimated 2,650 people at the annual meeting of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry on Monday, Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes introduced a new device that can fit on a desktop.",
"title": "Full Video Replay: Elizabeth Holmes' Presentation in Front of 2,000 Scientists | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Full Video Replay: Elizabeth Holmes' Presentation in Front of 2,000 Scientists",
"datePublished": "2016-08-02T06:54:37-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-08-02T13:13:20-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "full-video-replay-elizabeth-holmes-presentation-at-aacc",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/futureofyou/215268/full-video-replay-elizabeth-holmes-presentation-at-aacc",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/n6JRG733ReQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/n6JRG733ReQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Speaking Monday before an estimated 2,650 people -- most of them laboratory scientists -- at the annual meeting of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/29/theranos-elizabeth-holmes-will-face-1000-scientists-monday-can-she-say-anything-to-gain-their-trust/\" target=\"_blank\">introduced a new device\u003c/a> that can fit on a desktop. Holmes said the machine, called a miniLab, integrates several blood-testing methodologies and, using robots and its proprietary “nanotainer” collection tube, will be able to process small volumes of blood remotely and send data back to a centralized location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes did not present data concerning the problematic consumer blood tests the company ran over the past few years -- tests that have led to a suspension of Holmes by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services as well as severe penalties for Theranos, multiple lawsuits, and the loss of the company's key parternship with Walgreens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can watch Holmes' entire presentation, plus the question and answer period, above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/215268/full-video-replay-elizabeth-holmes-presentation-at-aacc",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_1003"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_215272",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"stateofhealth_218421": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_218421",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "218421",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1469811455000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1469811455,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "4 Zika Cases in Florida Are Likely From Mosquitoes",
"title": "4 Zika Cases in Florida Are Likely From Mosquitoes",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Florida likely has the first cases of Zika transmitted by mosquitoes on the U.S. mainland, the state's governor said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No mosquitoes in the state have tested positive for Zika, but one woman and three men in Miami-Dade and Broward counties likely contracted the virus through mosquito bites, Gov. Rick Scott said during a news conference in Orlando.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,650 Zika infections have been reported in the U.S., but the four patients in Florida would be the first not linked to travel outside the U.S. mainland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not just a Florida issue. It's a national issue — we just happen to be at the forefront,\" Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials believe the infections occurred in a small area just north of downtown Miami, in the popular Wynwood arts district, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the only part of the state currently being tested for potential local transmissions of Zika, Scott said. Women in the area who are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant are urged to contact their doctors and the county health department for Zika prevention kits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health officials have not recommended that pregnant women avoid travel to South Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a series of factors we'll have to look at. The number of cases, the relationship in geography of those cases, how closely linked they are in time, as well as a series of other factors that we will use to determine what recommendations we issue in terms of travel guidance,\" U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika primarily spreads through bites from tropical mosquitoes, but it also can be spread through sex. In most people, the virus causes only mild illness, but infection during pregnancy can lead to severe brain-related birth defects for the fetus. There is no vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since February, over 380 Zika cases related to travel have been confirmed in Florida, including 151 cases in Miami-Dade and Broward counties. Since 2015 in California, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/TravelAssociatedCasesofZikaVirusinCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">98 people \u003c/a>have been confirmed to be infected with Zika virus. All cases are associated with travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tropical mosquito that spreads Zika and other viruses is found in the southern U.S. While health officials have predicted that mosquitoes in the continental U.S. would begin spreading Zika this summer, they also have said they expect only isolated clusters of infections and not widespread outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"otl96TyzT7kgPI9mM6XBL4cTvDAfTVU4\"]Florida should be able to contain the virus to an isolated area because its neighborhoods have better sanitation and living conditions than countries where Zika outbreaks have been widespread, said Adam Putnam, Florida's commissioner for agriculture and consumer services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has told blood centers in Miami-Dade and Broward counties to suspend collections until they can screen each unit of blood for the Zika virus with authorized tests. Neighboring counties have been urged to implement the same precautions, and visitors to South Florida in the last month are encouraged to defer donations as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA previously advised U.S. blood banks to refuse donations from people who recently traveled to areas outside the country that have Zika outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida's main supplier of blood, OneBlood, said it was working as quickly as possible to comply with the FDA's recommendation and would start testing all its collections for Zika on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "218421 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=218421",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/07/29/4-zika-cases-in-florida-are-likely-from-mosquitoes/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 562,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1469814017,
"excerpt": " Officials say they've found the first indication that mosquitoes are transmitting Zika virus in the continental U.S.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": " Officials say they've found the first indication that mosquitoes are transmitting Zika virus in the continental U.S.",
"title": "4 Zika Cases in Florida Are Likely From Mosquitoes | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "4 Zika Cases in Florida Are Likely From Mosquitoes",
"datePublished": "2016-07-29T09:57:35-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-07-29T10:40:17-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "4-zika-cases-in-florida-are-likely-from-mosquitoes",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Mike Schneider\u003cbr /> Associated Press",
"path": "/stateofhealth/218421/4-zika-cases-in-florida-are-likely-from-mosquitoes",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Florida likely has the first cases of Zika transmitted by mosquitoes on the U.S. mainland, the state's governor said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No mosquitoes in the state have tested positive for Zika, but one woman and three men in Miami-Dade and Broward counties likely contracted the virus through mosquito bites, Gov. Rick Scott said during a news conference in Orlando.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,650 Zika infections have been reported in the U.S., but the four patients in Florida would be the first not linked to travel outside the U.S. mainland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not just a Florida issue. It's a national issue — we just happen to be at the forefront,\" Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials believe the infections occurred in a small area just north of downtown Miami, in the popular Wynwood arts district, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the only part of the state currently being tested for potential local transmissions of Zika, Scott said. Women in the area who are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant are urged to contact their doctors and the county health department for Zika prevention kits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal health officials have not recommended that pregnant women avoid travel to South Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a series of factors we'll have to look at. The number of cases, the relationship in geography of those cases, how closely linked they are in time, as well as a series of other factors that we will use to determine what recommendations we issue in terms of travel guidance,\" U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika primarily spreads through bites from tropical mosquitoes, but it also can be spread through sex. In most people, the virus causes only mild illness, but infection during pregnancy can lead to severe brain-related birth defects for the fetus. There is no vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since February, over 380 Zika cases related to travel have been confirmed in Florida, including 151 cases in Miami-Dade and Broward counties. Since 2015 in California, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/TravelAssociatedCasesofZikaVirusinCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">98 people \u003c/a>have been confirmed to be infected with Zika virus. All cases are associated with travel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tropical mosquito that spreads Zika and other viruses is found in the southern U.S. While health officials have predicted that mosquitoes in the continental U.S. would begin spreading Zika this summer, they also have said they expect only isolated clusters of infections and not widespread outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Florida should be able to contain the virus to an isolated area because its neighborhoods have better sanitation and living conditions than countries where Zika outbreaks have been widespread, said Adam Putnam, Florida's commissioner for agriculture and consumer services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has told blood centers in Miami-Dade and Broward counties to suspend collections until they can screen each unit of blood for the Zika virus with authorized tests. Neighboring counties have been urged to implement the same precautions, and visitors to South Florida in the last month are encouraged to defer donations as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA previously advised U.S. blood banks to refuse donations from people who recently traveled to areas outside the country that have Zika outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida's main supplier of blood, OneBlood, said it was working as quickly as possible to comply with the FDA's recommendation and would start testing all its collections for Zika on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/218421/4-zika-cases-in-florida-are-likely-from-mosquitoes",
"authors": [
"byline_stateofhealth_218421"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_2407",
"stateofhealth_2746"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_2830",
"stateofhealth_2519",
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_2653"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_218424",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"futureofyou_210924": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_210924",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "210924",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1469568795000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1469568795,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Odor Test May Identify Alzheimer's",
"title": "Odor Test May Identify Alzheimer's",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Two \u003ca href=\"http://www.multivu.com/players/English/7865353-aaic-2016-smell-eye-tests/\">studies\u003c/a> released at an international Alzheimer's meeting Tuesday suggest doctors may eventually be able to screen people for this form of dementia by testing the ability to identify familiar odors, like smoke, coffee and raspberry.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One study found that people who had trouble identifying odors were three times more likely to have memory problems.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In both studies, people who were in their 60s and older took a standard odor detection test. And in both cases, those who did poorly on the test were more likely to already have — or go on to develop — problems with memory and thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The whole idea is to create tests that a general clinician can use in an office setting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.columbiadoctors.org/prof/wckreisl\">Dr. William Kreisl\u003c/a>, a neurologist at Columbia University, where both studies were done. The research was presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference in Toronto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, any tests that are able to spot people in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's are costly and difficult. They include PET scans, which can detect sticky plaques in the brain, and spinal taps that measure the levels of certain proteins in spinal fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of an odor detection test arose, in part, from something doctors have observed for many years in patients with Alzheimer's, Kreisl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Patients will tell us that food does not taste as good,\" he says. The reason is often that these patients have lost the ability to smell what they eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not surprising, Kreisl says, given that odor signals from the nose have to be processed in areas of the brain that are among the first to be affected by Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's been tricky to develop a reliable screening test using odor detection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Kreisl and a team of researchers studied 84 people in their 60s and 70s, including 58 with the sort of memory problems that suggest early Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants took something called the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, or UPSIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically a set of cards,\" Kreisl says. \"And each card has a little scratch and sniff test on it.\" The cards feature familiar odors like coffee, chocolate, cinnamon and licorice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that people who had trouble identifying odors were three times more likely than other people to have memory problems. Moreover, the odor test \"was able to predict memory decline in older adults about as well as the PET scan or spinal tap,\" Kreisl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second study by another team from Columbia followed, for more than four years, 397 people whose average age was 80 at the start. Their scores on the odor test were a good predictor of which people were most likely to go on to develop dementia, the researchers found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The odor tests aren't perfect. For one thing, other degenerative brain diseases, including Parkinson's, can also affect odor detection. Also, the ability to smell can be diminished by smoking, certain head injuries and even normal aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers are looking at other \"biomarkers\" of Alzheimer's, including some changes that affect the eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The eye has nerves that are very closely linked to the brain,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.alz.org/research/funding/advisory_council_alzheimers_association.asp\">Maria Carrillo\u003c/a>, chief science officer of the Alzheimer's Association. So changes in those nerves can help reveal early Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all the screening tests for Alzheimer's are of limited value, Carrillo cautions, because there is still no drug that can slow or halt the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we really need,\" she says, \"is to be able to use these screening tools at the same time that we have a therapeutic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Sniff+Test+For+Alzheimer%27s+Checks+For+The+Ability+To+Identify+Odors&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "210924 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=210924",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/26/odor-test-may-identify-alzheimers/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 616,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1475119444,
"excerpt": "New research suggests it may be possible to spot people in the early stages of Alzheimer's by testing their ability to recognize fragrances. The goal is a quick and inexpensive screening test.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "New research suggests it may be possible to spot people in the early stages of Alzheimer's by testing their ability to recognize fragrances. The goal is a quick and inexpensive screening test.",
"title": "Odor Test May Identify Alzheimer's | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Odor Test May Identify Alzheimer's",
"datePublished": "2016-07-26T14:33:15-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-09-28T20:24:04-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "odor-test-may-identify-alzheimers",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=487391863&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR All Things Considered",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 26 Jul 2016 13:57:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 26 Jul 2016 16:38:09 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/26/487391863/a-sniff-test-for-alzheimers-checks-for-the-ability-to-identify-odors?ft=nprml&f=487391863",
"nprAudio": "http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/07/20160726_atc_a_sniff_test_for_alzheimers_checks_for_the_ability_to_identify_odors.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=197&p=2&story=487391863&t=progseg&e=487457898&seg=5&ft=nprml&f=487391863",
"nprImageAgency": "Getty Images",
"nprImageCredit": "CSA Images/Color Printstock Collection",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1487522870-c5caa7.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=197&p=2&story=487391863&t=progseg&e=487457898&seg=5&ft=nprml&f=487391863",
"nprStoryId": "487391863",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 26 Jul 2016 16:25:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/210924/odor-test-may-identify-alzheimers",
"audioUrl": "http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2016/07/20160726_atc_a_sniff_test_for_alzheimers_checks_for_the_ability_to_identify_odors.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=197&p=2&story=487391863&t=progseg&e=487457898&seg=5&ft=nprml&f=487391863",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two \u003ca href=\"http://www.multivu.com/players/English/7865353-aaic-2016-smell-eye-tests/\">studies\u003c/a> released at an international Alzheimer's meeting Tuesday suggest doctors may eventually be able to screen people for this form of dementia by testing the ability to identify familiar odors, like smoke, coffee and raspberry.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One study found that people who had trouble identifying odors were three times more likely to have memory problems.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In both studies, people who were in their 60s and older took a standard odor detection test. And in both cases, those who did poorly on the test were more likely to already have — or go on to develop — problems with memory and thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The whole idea is to create tests that a general clinician can use in an office setting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.columbiadoctors.org/prof/wckreisl\">Dr. William Kreisl\u003c/a>, a neurologist at Columbia University, where both studies were done. The research was presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference in Toronto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, any tests that are able to spot people in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's are costly and difficult. They include PET scans, which can detect sticky plaques in the brain, and spinal taps that measure the levels of certain proteins in spinal fluid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of an odor detection test arose, in part, from something doctors have observed for many years in patients with Alzheimer's, Kreisl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Patients will tell us that food does not taste as good,\" he says. The reason is often that these patients have lost the ability to smell what they eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not surprising, Kreisl says, given that odor signals from the nose have to be processed in areas of the brain that are among the first to be affected by Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's been tricky to develop a reliable screening test using odor detection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Kreisl and a team of researchers studied 84 people in their 60s and 70s, including 58 with the sort of memory problems that suggest early Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants took something called the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, or UPSIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically a set of cards,\" Kreisl says. \"And each card has a little scratch and sniff test on it.\" The cards feature familiar odors like coffee, chocolate, cinnamon and licorice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that people who had trouble identifying odors were three times more likely than other people to have memory problems. Moreover, the odor test \"was able to predict memory decline in older adults about as well as the PET scan or spinal tap,\" Kreisl says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second study by another team from Columbia followed, for more than four years, 397 people whose average age was 80 at the start. Their scores on the odor test were a good predictor of which people were most likely to go on to develop dementia, the researchers found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The odor tests aren't perfect. For one thing, other degenerative brain diseases, including Parkinson's, can also affect odor detection. Also, the ability to smell can be diminished by smoking, certain head injuries and even normal aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers are looking at other \"biomarkers\" of Alzheimer's, including some changes that affect the eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The eye has nerves that are very closely linked to the brain,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.alz.org/research/funding/advisory_council_alzheimers_association.asp\">Maria Carrillo\u003c/a>, chief science officer of the Alzheimer's Association. So changes in those nerves can help reveal early Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all the screening tests for Alzheimer's are of limited value, Carrillo cautions, because there is still no drug that can slow or halt the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we really need,\" she says, \"is to be able to use these screening tools at the same time that we have a therapeutic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Sniff+Test+For+Alzheimer%27s+Checks+For+The+Ability+To+Identify+Odors&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/210924/odor-test-may-identify-alzheimers",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_210924"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1062"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_999",
"futureofyou_80"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_210925",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"stateofhealth_215079": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_215079",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "215079",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1469039275000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1469039275,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Florida Officials Probe Possible Zika Case from Mosquito",
"title": "Florida Officials Probe Possible Zika Case from Mosquito",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Health officials are investigating a Zika virus infection in Florida that could be the first case in which someone caught the virus by being bitten by a mosquito in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.floridahealth.gov/newsroom/2016/07/071916-investigating-possible-non-travel-related-case-zika.html\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> posted on its website Tuesday, the Florida Department of Health says the \"possible non-travel related case of Zika\" occurred in Miami-Dade County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means it's possible that the infected person did not catch the virus while traveling in another country where the virus is spreading. Rather, the infection might have been acquired from an infected mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's also the possibility that the Florida case may have occurred another way, such as sexual contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement does not mention sexual transmission, and officials did not provide any additional information in response to a request from NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do not have additional information to share at this time,\" Brad Dalton, deputy press secretary in the department's office of communications, said in an email. He added that the investigation is ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in an email that the agency \"has been informed\" of the case and is \"closely coordinating\" with Florida officials in the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosquito control inspectors have been going door-to-door in the area under investigation since health authorities alerted them late last week, spraying to kill mosquitoes and emptying containers of the water they need to breed. If the virus is there, they want to keep it from spreading through more mosquito bites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're constantly in the area. We're doing hand-held spraying, and we'll do more truck spraying Thursday,\" said Gayle Love, a spokeswoman for Miami-Dade County Solid Waste Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika prevention kits and mosquito repellent — strongly recommended for women who are pregnant or planning to be pregnant — are being distributed in the area and can be picked up at the health department as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health authorities have been expecting that Zika could eventually spread by mosquitoes in parts of the United States. But they have repeatedly said they are confident they could prevent any large outbreaks from occurring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,300 cases of Zika have been reported in the the continental United States and Hawaii. So far none have occurred by being bitten by a mosquito in this country. Most have been in travelers returning from countries where the virus is spreading. At least 14 are believed to have occurred through sexual contact with someone who was infected elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika can cause \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/zika/\" target=\"_blank\">serious birth defects\u003c/a> when pregnant women get infected, and can cause neurological complications in adults in rare cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Florida+Officials+Probe+Zika+Case+That+May+Not+Be+Related+To+Travel&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "215079 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=215079",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/07/20/florida-officials-probe-possible-zika-case-mosquito/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 459,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1469039372,
"excerpt": "If confirmed, it would be the first Zika infection from a mosquito bite in the continental United States.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "If confirmed, it would be the first Zika infection from a mosquito bite in the continental United States.",
"title": "Florida Officials Probe Possible Zika Case from Mosquito | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Florida Officials Probe Possible Zika Case from Mosquito",
"datePublished": "2016-07-20T11:27:55-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-07-20T11:29:32-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "florida-officials-probe-possible-zika-case-mosquito",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=486737908&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Rob Stein",
"nprStoryDate": "Wed, 20 Jul 2016 11:41:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Wed, 20 Jul 2016 12:38:39 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/20/486737908/florida-officials-probe-zika-case-that-may-not-be-travel-related?ft=nprml&f=486737908",
"nprImageAgency": "AP",
"nprImageCredit": "Lynne Sladky",
"nprStoryId": "486737908",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Wed, 20 Jul 2016 12:38:00 -0400",
"path": "/stateofhealth/215079/florida-officials-probe-possible-zika-case-mosquito",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Health officials are investigating a Zika virus infection in Florida that could be the first case in which someone caught the virus by being bitten by a mosquito in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.floridahealth.gov/newsroom/2016/07/071916-investigating-possible-non-travel-related-case-zika.html\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> posted on its website Tuesday, the Florida Department of Health says the \"possible non-travel related case of Zika\" occurred in Miami-Dade County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means it's possible that the infected person did not catch the virus while traveling in another country where the virus is spreading. Rather, the infection might have been acquired from an infected mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's also the possibility that the Florida case may have occurred another way, such as sexual contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement does not mention sexual transmission, and officials did not provide any additional information in response to a request from NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do not have additional information to share at this time,\" Brad Dalton, deputy press secretary in the department's office of communications, said in an email. He added that the investigation is ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said in an email that the agency \"has been informed\" of the case and is \"closely coordinating\" with Florida officials in the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosquito control inspectors have been going door-to-door in the area under investigation since health authorities alerted them late last week, spraying to kill mosquitoes and emptying containers of the water they need to breed. If the virus is there, they want to keep it from spreading through more mosquito bites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're constantly in the area. We're doing hand-held spraying, and we'll do more truck spraying Thursday,\" said Gayle Love, a spokeswoman for Miami-Dade County Solid Waste Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika prevention kits and mosquito repellent — strongly recommended for women who are pregnant or planning to be pregnant — are being distributed in the area and can be picked up at the health department as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health authorities have been expecting that Zika could eventually spread by mosquitoes in parts of the United States. But they have repeatedly said they are confident they could prevent any large outbreaks from occurring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,300 cases of Zika have been reported in the the continental United States and Hawaii. So far none have occurred by being bitten by a mosquito in this country. Most have been in travelers returning from countries where the virus is spreading. At least 14 are believed to have occurred through sexual contact with someone who was infected elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika can cause \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/zika/\" target=\"_blank\">serious birth defects\u003c/a> when pregnant women get infected, and can cause neurological complications in adults in rare cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Florida+Officials+Probe+Zika+Case+That+May+Not+Be+Related+To+Travel&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/215079/florida-officials-probe-possible-zika-case-mosquito",
"authors": [
"byline_stateofhealth_215079"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_2746"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_2808",
"stateofhealth_2519",
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_2653"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_215080",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"futureofyou_206961": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_206961",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "206961",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468974371000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468974371,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Sisters' Ovaries Frozen Then Reimplanted to Beat the Biological Clock",
"title": "Sisters' Ovaries Frozen Then Reimplanted to Beat the Biological Clock",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>When Sarah Gardner was 34, she started getting worried about whether she'd ever have a baby. So she took a test that aims to measure a woman's fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results terrified her. They indicated she had the fertility of a woman a decade older — a woman in her mid-40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was devastated,\" Gardner says. The news hit her especially hard because she was in the midst of breaking up with her longtime boyfriend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that being a mom was something I wanted in my life,\" she says. \"And I knew that it would be very difficult to achieve that, given that I was about to be single. So, yeah, I was devastated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her hunt for a solution, Gardner eventually found \u003ca href=\"http://www.infertile.com/dr-silber/\">Dr. Sherman Silber\u003c/a>, a surgeon who runs the Infertility Center of St. Louis. As Shots \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/12/24/167705397/chance-to-pause-biological-clock-with-ovarian-transplant-stirs-debate\">reported in 2012\u003c/a>, when we first met Gardner and her doctor, Silber does something controversial among infertility specialists — he removes and freezes the ovaries of healthy women to put their biological clocks on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that the ovaries can then be thawed and returned to the women via surgery when they're ready to try to have children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_206991\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/sarah-joanne.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-206991\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/sarah-joanne.jpg\" alt=\"Joanne Gardner (left) and Sarah Gardner each had an ovary removed and frozen when they were in their 30s. Now 44, the women had the ovaries reimplanted in June.\" width=\"400\" height=\"263\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joanne Gardner (left) and Sarah Gardner each had an ovary removed and frozen when they were in their 30s. Now 44, the women had the ovaries reimplanted in June. \u003ccite>(Courtesty of Joanne and Sarah Gardner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gardner, who lives in Australia, discussed that option with her twin sister, Joanne, who lives in London. Joanne was also worried about running out of time to have kids. So both sisters decided to undergo the procedure, as a hedge against their dwindling fertility odds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What it gave us was huge amounts of relief,\" Sarah Gardner says. \"It really just took a huge weight off us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the Gardner twins are 44; Sarah just got engaged and wants to finally try to have a baby. She and Joanne both returned to St. Louis in June to get their ovaries reimplanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's weird,\" Sarah Gardner says. \"It's like we went in a time machine — a fertility time machine. It's amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only do the sisters hope their reimplanted ovaries will help them get pregnant, they are also hoping the procedure will reverse their menopause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm really excited,\" Sarah says. \"It will be really nice to not have another hot flash.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/10/06/446324220/freezing-ovaries-before-cancer-treatment-may-preserve-fertility\">approach \u003c/a>was originally developed for women who are being treated for cancer and hope to preserve their fertility but don't have time to freeze their eggs. Some cancer treatments can destroy fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although removing ovarian tissue (or an entire ovary) and preserving it, then reimplanting it years later has produced promising results for such women, it remains far from clear how often the multistep procedure works. It's still considered experimental. The Gardner sisters may be the first women without a history of cancer to have undergone it, according to Silber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg freezing, on the other hand, has been studied more extensively. And many experts say egg freezing, with its far from certain success, is much safer than going through two surgical procedures to have an ovary removed and later reimplanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://weillcornell.org/gschattman\">Dr. Glenn Schattman\u003c/a>, an associate professor of reproductive medicine at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, says recommending ovarian freezing for women who don't have cancer is \"irresponsible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Silber says freezing, thawing and reimplanting an ovary is easier, more reliable and safer than egg freezing; typically, harvesting the ovary and reimplanting it can both be done on an outpatient basis, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, when an entire ovary is frozen, women don't have to undergo the weeks of hormonal injections required to ripen the multiple eggs that are extracted when the eggs are to be frozen, Silber says. And the total cost of the procedure to remove, freeze, thaw and and reimplant and reattach an ovary — less than $3,000 — is much lower, he says, than the cost of going through several attempts to collect eggs for freezing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are huge advantages to this,\" Silber says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Gardner sisters are once again home in Australia and England. They're both waiting for their periods to start again and hope to be pregnant by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wouldn't that be nice?\" Sarah Gardner says, adding that she and her sister realize that the doctors can't guarantee success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to leave it up to the gods or the universe,\" she says, \"and see what happens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twin+Sisters+Try+To+Get+Pregnant+With+Ovaries+They+Froze+In+2009&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "206961 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=206961",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/19/sisters-ovaries-removed-frozen-reimplanted-to-beat-the-biological-clock/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 772,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1468975667,
"excerpt": "Each twin had an ovary removed and frozen in 2009, when they were in their 30s, in hopes of buying more time to get pregnant and have babies. But will the thawed, reimplanted ovaries work?",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Each twin had an ovary removed and frozen in 2009, when they were in their 30s, in hopes of buying more time to get pregnant and have babies. But will the thawed, reimplanted ovaries work?",
"title": "Sisters' Ovaries Frozen Then Reimplanted to Beat the Biological Clock | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Sisters' Ovaries Frozen Then Reimplanted to Beat the Biological Clock",
"datePublished": "2016-07-19T17:26:11-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-07-19T17:47:47-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "sisters-ovaries-removed-frozen-reimplanted-to-beat-the-biological-clock",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=485838529&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Rob Stein\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 19 Jul 2016 04:43:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 19 Jul 2016 12:55:42 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/19/485838529/twin-sisters-try-to-get-pregnant-with-ovaries-they-froze-in-2009?ft=nprml&f=485838529",
"nprAudio": "http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/07/20160719_me_twin_sisters_try_to_get_pregnant_with_ovaries_they_froze_in_2012.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=231&p=3&story=485838529&t=progseg&e=486571463&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=485838529",
"nprImageAgency": "Courtesy of The Infertility Center of St. Louis",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1486571640-f7cab0.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=231&p=3&story=485838529&t=progseg&e=486571463&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=485838529",
"nprStoryId": "485838529",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 19 Jul 2016 12:55:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/206961/sisters-ovaries-removed-frozen-reimplanted-to-beat-the-biological-clock",
"audioUrl": "http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2016/07/20160719_me_twin_sisters_try_to_get_pregnant_with_ovaries_they_froze_in_2012.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=231&p=3&story=485838529&t=progseg&e=486571463&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=485838529",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Sarah Gardner was 34, she started getting worried about whether she'd ever have a baby. So she took a test that aims to measure a woman's fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results terrified her. They indicated she had the fertility of a woman a decade older — a woman in her mid-40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was devastated,\" Gardner says. The news hit her especially hard because she was in the midst of breaking up with her longtime boyfriend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I knew that being a mom was something I wanted in my life,\" she says. \"And I knew that it would be very difficult to achieve that, given that I was about to be single. So, yeah, I was devastated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her hunt for a solution, Gardner eventually found \u003ca href=\"http://www.infertile.com/dr-silber/\">Dr. Sherman Silber\u003c/a>, a surgeon who runs the Infertility Center of St. Louis. As Shots \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/12/24/167705397/chance-to-pause-biological-clock-with-ovarian-transplant-stirs-debate\">reported in 2012\u003c/a>, when we first met Gardner and her doctor, Silber does something controversial among infertility specialists — he removes and freezes the ovaries of healthy women to put their biological clocks on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that the ovaries can then be thawed and returned to the women via surgery when they're ready to try to have children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_206991\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/sarah-joanne.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-206991\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/sarah-joanne.jpg\" alt=\"Joanne Gardner (left) and Sarah Gardner each had an ovary removed and frozen when they were in their 30s. Now 44, the women had the ovaries reimplanted in June.\" width=\"400\" height=\"263\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joanne Gardner (left) and Sarah Gardner each had an ovary removed and frozen when they were in their 30s. Now 44, the women had the ovaries reimplanted in June. \u003ccite>(Courtesty of Joanne and Sarah Gardner)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gardner, who lives in Australia, discussed that option with her twin sister, Joanne, who lives in London. Joanne was also worried about running out of time to have kids. So both sisters decided to undergo the procedure, as a hedge against their dwindling fertility odds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What it gave us was huge amounts of relief,\" Sarah Gardner says. \"It really just took a huge weight off us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the Gardner twins are 44; Sarah just got engaged and wants to finally try to have a baby. She and Joanne both returned to St. Louis in June to get their ovaries reimplanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's weird,\" Sarah Gardner says. \"It's like we went in a time machine — a fertility time machine. It's amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only do the sisters hope their reimplanted ovaries will help them get pregnant, they are also hoping the procedure will reverse their menopause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm really excited,\" Sarah says. \"It will be really nice to not have another hot flash.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/10/06/446324220/freezing-ovaries-before-cancer-treatment-may-preserve-fertility\">approach \u003c/a>was originally developed for women who are being treated for cancer and hope to preserve their fertility but don't have time to freeze their eggs. Some cancer treatments can destroy fertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although removing ovarian tissue (or an entire ovary) and preserving it, then reimplanting it years later has produced promising results for such women, it remains far from clear how often the multistep procedure works. It's still considered experimental. The Gardner sisters may be the first women without a history of cancer to have undergone it, according to Silber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg freezing, on the other hand, has been studied more extensively. And many experts say egg freezing, with its far from certain success, is much safer than going through two surgical procedures to have an ovary removed and later reimplanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://weillcornell.org/gschattman\">Dr. Glenn Schattman\u003c/a>, an associate professor of reproductive medicine at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, says recommending ovarian freezing for women who don't have cancer is \"irresponsible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Silber says freezing, thawing and reimplanting an ovary is easier, more reliable and safer than egg freezing; typically, harvesting the ovary and reimplanting it can both be done on an outpatient basis, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, when an entire ovary is frozen, women don't have to undergo the weeks of hormonal injections required to ripen the multiple eggs that are extracted when the eggs are to be frozen, Silber says. And the total cost of the procedure to remove, freeze, thaw and and reimplant and reattach an ovary — less than $3,000 — is much lower, he says, than the cost of going through several attempts to collect eggs for freezing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are huge advantages to this,\" Silber says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Gardner sisters are once again home in Australia and England. They're both waiting for their periods to start again and hope to be pregnant by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wouldn't that be nice?\" Sarah Gardner says, adding that she and her sister realize that the doctors can't guarantee success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to leave it up to the gods or the universe,\" she says, \"and see what happens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twin+Sisters+Try+To+Get+Pregnant+With+Ovaries+They+Froze+In+2009&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/206961/sisters-ovaries-removed-frozen-reimplanted-to-beat-the-biological-clock",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_206961"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_283",
"futureofyou_80"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_206962",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"stateofhealth_214374": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_214374",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "214374",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468876505000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468876505,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "In Medical Mystery, Caregiver of Utah Zika Patient Gets Virus",
"title": "In Medical Mystery, Caregiver of Utah Zika Patient Gets Virus",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A person who cared for a Zika-infected relative in Utah also got the virus, but exactly how it was transmitted is a medical mystery, health officials announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The new case in Utah is a surprise, showing that we still have more to learn about Zika.' \u003ccite>Erin Staples, CDC epidemiologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The tropical mosquito that mainly spreads Zika isn't found in the high-altitude area with cold winters where the two lived, Salt Lake County Health Department officials said. They didn't have sexual contact, which is how the virus is typically spread between adults when there's no mosquito bite or mother-to-child transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new case in Utah is a surprise, showing that we still have more to learn about Zika,\" Centers for Disease Control and Prevention medical epidemiologist Erin Staples said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caregiver has fully recovered, but authorities did not give further details. The person cared for an elderly man who contracted the disease overseas, where mosquitoes are known to spread Zika and who became the first Zika-infected person to die in the continental U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caregiver did not travel to an affected area, but it's possible that a mosquito came back with the relative, perhaps in a suitcase, CDC Director Tom Frieden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man who died in late June had an unusually high level of the virus in his blood, more than 100,000 times higher than other samples of infected people. Health workers are testing others who had contact with him, and officials are trapping mosquitoes in Utah to test them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new case was discovered after a doctor noticed the caregiver's Zika-like symptoms, which include rash, fever and pink eye, officials said. The relative had cared for the elderly man both at home and in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was unclear exactly how the older man died because of his age and another health condition he suffered, according to the CDC. The agency did not immediately revise its advice to health care workers or caregivers after the new case emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Based on what we know so far about this case, there is no evidence that there is any risk of Zika virus transmission among the general public in Utah,\" said Dr. Angela Dunn, deputy state epidemiologist at the Utah Department of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no evidence yet that the Zika infection in this case is an unusual mutation, but researchers are exploring that possibility through genomic analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus causes only a mild illness in most people. But during recent outbreaks in Latin America, scientists discovered that infection during pregnancy has led to severe brain-related birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No cases of mosquito-spread Zika have been reported in the continental United States, according to the CDC. Health experts think mosquito transmission probably will occur in the U.S., but the expectation is that it will be in low-elevation, sweltering places where the insect has been a steady problem — such as southern Florida or southern Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,300 Zika illnesses have been reported in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, including eight in Utah, according to health officials. Almost all were people who had traveled to Zika-outbreak countries and caught the virus there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 14 were people who had not traveled to Zika zones but had sex with someone who had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has also been tracking pregnant women infected with Zika, and says they have five reports of pregnancy losses because of miscarriage, stillbirth or abortion.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "214374 http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=214374",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2016/07/18/in-medical-mystery-caregiver-of-utah-zika-patient-gets-virus/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 606,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1468885384,
"excerpt": "It may be the first case of Zika spreading from one person to another in ways other than via mosquito bites, sex or the placenta.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "It may be the first case of Zika spreading from one person to another in ways other than via mosquito bites, sex or the placenta.",
"title": "In Medical Mystery, Caregiver of Utah Zika Patient Gets Virus | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "In Medical Mystery, Caregiver of Utah Zika Patient Gets Virus",
"datePublished": "2016-07-18T14:15:05-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-07-18T16:43:04-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "in-medical-mystery-caregiver-of-utah-zika-patient-gets-virus",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Lindsay Whitehurst\u003cbr /> Associated Press",
"path": "/stateofhealth/214374/in-medical-mystery-caregiver-of-utah-zika-patient-gets-virus",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A person who cared for a Zika-infected relative in Utah also got the virus, but exactly how it was transmitted is a medical mystery, health officials announced Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The new case in Utah is a surprise, showing that we still have more to learn about Zika.' \u003ccite>Erin Staples, CDC epidemiologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The tropical mosquito that mainly spreads Zika isn't found in the high-altitude area with cold winters where the two lived, Salt Lake County Health Department officials said. They didn't have sexual contact, which is how the virus is typically spread between adults when there's no mosquito bite or mother-to-child transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new case in Utah is a surprise, showing that we still have more to learn about Zika,\" Centers for Disease Control and Prevention medical epidemiologist Erin Staples said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caregiver has fully recovered, but authorities did not give further details. The person cared for an elderly man who contracted the disease overseas, where mosquitoes are known to spread Zika and who became the first Zika-infected person to die in the continental U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caregiver did not travel to an affected area, but it's possible that a mosquito came back with the relative, perhaps in a suitcase, CDC Director Tom Frieden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man who died in late June had an unusually high level of the virus in his blood, more than 100,000 times higher than other samples of infected people. Health workers are testing others who had contact with him, and officials are trapping mosquitoes in Utah to test them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new case was discovered after a doctor noticed the caregiver's Zika-like symptoms, which include rash, fever and pink eye, officials said. The relative had cared for the elderly man both at home and in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was unclear exactly how the older man died because of his age and another health condition he suffered, according to the CDC. The agency did not immediately revise its advice to health care workers or caregivers after the new case emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Based on what we know so far about this case, there is no evidence that there is any risk of Zika virus transmission among the general public in Utah,\" said Dr. Angela Dunn, deputy state epidemiologist at the Utah Department of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no evidence yet that the Zika infection in this case is an unusual mutation, but researchers are exploring that possibility through genomic analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The virus causes only a mild illness in most people. But during recent outbreaks in Latin America, scientists discovered that infection during pregnancy has led to severe brain-related birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No cases of mosquito-spread Zika have been reported in the continental United States, according to the CDC. Health experts think mosquito transmission probably will occur in the U.S., but the expectation is that it will be in low-elevation, sweltering places where the insect has been a steady problem — such as southern Florida or southern Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1,300 Zika illnesses have been reported in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, including eight in Utah, according to health officials. Almost all were people who had traveled to Zika-outbreak countries and caught the virus there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 14 were people who had not traveled to Zika zones but had sex with someone who had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC has also been tracking pregnant women infected with Zika, and says they have five reports of pregnancy losses because of miscarriage, stillbirth or abortion.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/214374/in-medical-mystery-caregiver-of-utah-zika-patient-gets-virus",
"authors": [
"byline_stateofhealth_214374"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_2407",
"stateofhealth_2746"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_2519",
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_2653"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_146292",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"futureofyou_202830": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_202830",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "202830",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468858931000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468858931,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "In Pakistan, Phone Calls to Hotline Predict Dengue Fever Outbreaks",
"title": "In Pakistan, Phone Calls to Hotline Predict Dengue Fever Outbreaks",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>In an epidemic, health professionals often struggle to answer two basic questions: Who is sick and where are they?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/10/458953265/disease-sleuths-analyze-google-searches-to-stop-infections\">have investigated\u003c/a> how a spike in Google searches (for example, \"What is flu?\") can help them determine if a disease is spreading and how many people might be affected in a given area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar information can be gleaned from \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1ofGRkkuD4&list=PLNO3Oi0ENDVYGnPZCgiOVrCqBcc7AUIQp&index=4\">Wikipedia\u003c/a> page views.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. The goal: to create digital maps indicating areas at risk.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in developing countries, where many people have limited Internet access, these predictors fall short. That's where phones come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possible predictive power of phone calls is the topic of a \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/7/e1501215\">paper\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Science Advances \u003c/em>about a dengue epidemic that hit Lahore, Pakistan, a city of upward of 7 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A research team out of New York University invited people to call a hotline if they had symptoms that might be consistent with dengue. By analyzing 300,000 calls, the team could not only identify outbreak areas — they could predict future surges two weeks or more in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spread by mosquitoes, \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/topics/dengue/en/\">dengue\u003c/a> causes fever, vomiting and muscle and joint pain. But it's not often fatal. With proper medical care, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/\">death rate\u003c/a> is typically less than 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this outbreak, more than 21,000 patients were affected and more than 350 people died. \"We'd never had a dengue outbreak of this sort before,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://itu.edu.pk/faculty-itu/dr-umar-saif/\">Umar Saif\u003c/a>, chairman of the Punjab Information Technology Board and a coauthor of the study. The number of cases was unprecedented in the area. \"The government wasn't prepared, and we didn't know what to do. We were basically caught totally by surprise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its early stages, dengue looks a lot like the flu. To help the sick figure out if they had dengue or not, government officials set up a hotline, advertised it on television, radio and billboards and spoke about it at community meeting spots. When people called, trained responders asked for their addresses, read them a questionnaire about symptoms, then marked whether each case seemed to be a genuine instance of dengue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people began calling the hotline, Saif and \u003ca href=\"https://cs.nyu.edu/%7Elakshmi/Lakshmi/Home.html\">Lakshminarayanan Subramanian\u003c/a>, a computer scientist from NYU, began to notice a trend. If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. Not every patient had called the hotline, but the scientists could still forecast the number of cases based on those who did. Subramanian formed a team to devise a computer system that could make such predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers began to test their model in 2012, adding in weather conditions that were favorable to mosquitoes. The goal was to create digital maps for public officials, indicating areas at risk. It's unusual to have very specific information about geography in disease forecasts, but this model could predict not only patient numbers for Lahore but the districts where the disease was likely spreading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So officials could direct scarce resources toward areas on the verge of a dengue spike. They sprayed for mosquitoes, added hospital beds, and presented progress reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the number of confirmed dengue patients in Lahore dropped to 257. The disease may have naturally been on the decline, but the scientists believe the system played a critical role by directing help to the regions where it was most needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pilot study in 2012-13, the hotline predictive system has rolled out broadly across Punjab, the province that's home to Lahore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Finding alternative ways to track the disease is exciting,\" says epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"http://public.lanl.gov/sdelvall/\">Sara Del Valle\u003c/a> of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. She was not involved in the study but has studied Wikipedia as a means of predicting flu. Del Valle wishes the study had delved into caller demographics a bit more to ensure that these calls don't miss groups of patients of a certain age, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://idmod.org/team/bio/117\">Ben Althouse\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist who has studied forecasts based on Google searches, said the system was especially promising because the maps are easy for public health officials to digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saif says the system may soon be put to the test again in Pakistan. \"Monsoon season hits the province in a few weeks,\" he says. \"We're bracing for another dengue outbreak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second phone-related study tied to the dengue epidemic. In a report last fall, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/09/08/437566559/cellphone-records-could-help-predict-next-dengue-outbreak\">Goats and Soda wrote of the potential value of cellphone records\u003c/a> of 40 million customers of the phone company Telenor Pakistan during a 2013 dengue outbreak: \"The cellphone data [showing how people move about], added to climate information, could have been used to accurately predict both the geographic spread of this disease and its timing,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/112/38/11887\">report\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. The authors cautioned that doing such predictions in real time would be difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Report%3A+Hotline+In+Lahore+Helped+Predict+Surges+In+Dengue+Fever&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "202830 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=202830",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/18/in-pakistan-phone-calls-to-hotline-predict-dengue-fever-outbreaks/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 843,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1468858966,
"excerpt": "By analyzing 300,000 phone calls, researchers could not only identify outbreak areas — they could predict future surges two weeks or more in advance.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "By analyzing 300,000 phone calls, researchers could not only identify outbreak areas — they could predict future surges two weeks or more in advance.",
"title": "In Pakistan, Phone Calls to Hotline Predict Dengue Fever Outbreaks | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "In Pakistan, Phone Calls to Hotline Predict Dengue Fever Outbreaks",
"datePublished": "2016-07-18T09:22:11-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-07-18T09:22:46-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "in-pakistan-phone-calls-to-hotline-predict-dengue-fever-outbreaks",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=485157095&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Natalie Jacewicz\u003cbr />NPR Goats and Soda",
"nprStoryDate": "Mon, 11 Jul 2016 18:02:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Mon, 11 Jul 2016 18:02:41 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/07/11/485157095/report-hotline-in-lahore-helped-predict-surges-in-dengue-fever?ft=nprml&f=485157095",
"nprStoryId": "485157095",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Mon, 11 Jul 2016 18:02:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/202830/in-pakistan-phone-calls-to-hotline-predict-dengue-fever-outbreaks",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In an epidemic, health professionals often struggle to answer two basic questions: Who is sick and where are they?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/12/10/458953265/disease-sleuths-analyze-google-searches-to-stop-infections\">have investigated\u003c/a> how a spike in Google searches (for example, \"What is flu?\") can help them determine if a disease is spreading and how many people might be affected in a given area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar information can be gleaned from \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o1ofGRkkuD4&list=PLNO3Oi0ENDVYGnPZCgiOVrCqBcc7AUIQp&index=4\">Wikipedia\u003c/a> page views.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. The goal: to create digital maps indicating areas at risk.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in developing countries, where many people have limited Internet access, these predictors fall short. That's where phones come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possible predictive power of phone calls is the topic of a \u003ca href=\"http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/7/e1501215\">paper\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Science Advances \u003c/em>about a dengue epidemic that hit Lahore, Pakistan, a city of upward of 7 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A research team out of New York University invited people to call a hotline if they had symptoms that might be consistent with dengue. By analyzing 300,000 calls, the team could not only identify outbreak areas — they could predict future surges two weeks or more in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spread by mosquitoes, \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/topics/dengue/en/\">dengue\u003c/a> causes fever, vomiting and muscle and joint pain. But it's not often fatal. With proper medical care, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/\">death rate\u003c/a> is typically less than 1 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this outbreak, more than 21,000 patients were affected and more than 350 people died. \"We'd never had a dengue outbreak of this sort before,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://itu.edu.pk/faculty-itu/dr-umar-saif/\">Umar Saif\u003c/a>, chairman of the Punjab Information Technology Board and a coauthor of the study. The number of cases was unprecedented in the area. \"The government wasn't prepared, and we didn't know what to do. We were basically caught totally by surprise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its early stages, dengue looks a lot like the flu. To help the sick figure out if they had dengue or not, government officials set up a hotline, advertised it on television, radio and billboards and spoke about it at community meeting spots. When people called, trained responders asked for their addresses, read them a questionnaire about symptoms, then marked whether each case seemed to be a genuine instance of dengue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people began calling the hotline, Saif and \u003ca href=\"https://cs.nyu.edu/%7Elakshmi/Lakshmi/Home.html\">Lakshminarayanan Subramanian\u003c/a>, a computer scientist from NYU, began to notice a trend. If an area had a surge in calls, neighborhood hospitals would see a spike in patients in the following weeks. Not every patient had called the hotline, but the scientists could still forecast the number of cases based on those who did. Subramanian formed a team to devise a computer system that could make such predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers began to test their model in 2012, adding in weather conditions that were favorable to mosquitoes. The goal was to create digital maps for public officials, indicating areas at risk. It's unusual to have very specific information about geography in disease forecasts, but this model could predict not only patient numbers for Lahore but the districts where the disease was likely spreading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So officials could direct scarce resources toward areas on the verge of a dengue spike. They sprayed for mosquitoes, added hospital beds, and presented progress reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the number of confirmed dengue patients in Lahore dropped to 257. The disease may have naturally been on the decline, but the scientists believe the system played a critical role by directing help to the regions where it was most needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the pilot study in 2012-13, the hotline predictive system has rolled out broadly across Punjab, the province that's home to Lahore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Finding alternative ways to track the disease is exciting,\" says epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"http://public.lanl.gov/sdelvall/\">Sara Del Valle\u003c/a> of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. She was not involved in the study but has studied Wikipedia as a means of predicting flu. Del Valle wishes the study had delved into caller demographics a bit more to ensure that these calls don't miss groups of patients of a certain age, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://idmod.org/team/bio/117\">Ben Althouse\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist who has studied forecasts based on Google searches, said the system was especially promising because the maps are easy for public health officials to digest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saif says the system may soon be put to the test again in Pakistan. \"Monsoon season hits the province in a few weeks,\" he says. \"We're bracing for another dengue outbreak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the second phone-related study tied to the dengue epidemic. In a report last fall, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/09/08/437566559/cellphone-records-could-help-predict-next-dengue-outbreak\">Goats and Soda wrote of the potential value of cellphone records\u003c/a> of 40 million customers of the phone company Telenor Pakistan during a 2013 dengue outbreak: \"The cellphone data [showing how people move about], added to climate information, could have been used to accurately predict both the geographic spread of this disease and its timing,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/112/38/11887\">report\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. The authors cautioned that doing such predictions in real time would be difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Report%3A+Hotline+In+Lahore+Helped+Predict+Surges+In+Dengue+Fever&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/202830/in-pakistan-phone-calls-to-hotline-predict-dengue-fever-outbreaks",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_202830"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_29",
"futureofyou_980",
"futureofyou_80"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_206094",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_201621": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_201621",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "201621",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468607103000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468607103,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "In a First, Scientists Restore Eyesight in Mice With Glaucoma-Like Damage",
"title": "In a First, Scientists Restore Eyesight in Mice With Glaucoma-Like Damage",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Scientists at Stanford university have restored partial vision to mice whose optic nerves were damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say the experiment, \u003ca href=\"http://MhOLhewhBjsADxJx0wCEiSglKXbSpoyu_qY6wsuDzuCLFharMPoFgbGpof8PP2eXSMnl86GUDAXNsWS1ydKxpPp_7E8KhL6_mecP5Ir6jPjL5DfupjU\" target=\"_blank\">published\u003c/a> this week in the journal Nature Neuroscience, is the first time \"multiple key aspects of vision\" have been restored in a mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The implication of the research is that people who are completely blind due to glaucoma, tumors, or other conditions that damage the optic nerve may be able to regain some vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The visual capability of the mice was tantamount to an individual being able, perhaps, to move out of the way of traffic, or walk through a room without bumping into objects or people.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The team will next test out noninvasive ways of achieving the same result in humans, says Dr. Andrew Huberman, an associate professor of neurobiology at Stanford University and a co-author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even in a best-case scenario, in which researchers can replicate the results in humans, any benefit is at least 10 years away, says Dr. Andrew Iwach, chairman of the board for the Glaucoma Research Foundation, a study co-funder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of an estimated 3 million Americans with glaucoma do not go blind, but the foundation says it is still the second-leading cause of blindness, after cataracts. In the U.S., more than 120,000 people have lost their sight due to the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Partial Restoration\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mice had limited vision restored. Translating the improvement into human terms, Huberman described their visual capacity as tantamount to an individual being able to walk through a room without bumping into objects or people, or, perhaps, dodge traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is some recovery of important functions,\" he says, \"but not the kind of things that would be involved in reaching out for a pen on a table or texting or reading fine print.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mouses' vision is still being monitored, and it may improve over time, Huberman says. \"The brain is really good at plasticity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Regeneration of Brain Cells\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists were able to partially restore vision in the mice by regenerating, in the retina, extensions called axons on the ends of cells called ganglia. These cells receive visual information and send it to the brain through the axons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_204224\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1157px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-204224\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this.jpg\" alt=\"Mouse retinal ganglion cell axons (magenta and green) are regenerating, extending from site of the optic nerve injury (left). \" width=\"1157\" height=\"895\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this.jpg 1157w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this-776x600.jpg 776w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this-768x594.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this-960x743.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1157px) 100vw, 1157px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mouse retinal ganglion cell axons (magenta and green) are regenerating, extending from site of the optic nerve injury (left). \u003ccite>(Andrew D. Huberman/Stanford University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In glaucoma, retinal cells constrict from pressure, and the axons attached to them \"pull out of the brain,\" says Huberman. When this occurs, the affected cells cannot pass the visual information on to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers started the experiment by injecting the first of three groups of mice with a virus that carried a gene called \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=mtor\" target=\"_blank\">mTOR\u003c/a>, which shifted the retinal ganglion cells into a state of growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think of this kind of like steroids or exercise for retinal ganglion cells,\" Huberman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers then induced an injury in the optic nerves of the mice -- an injury similar to the damage caused by glaucoma. The mTOR gene then prompted the axons to regenerate down the optic nerve, but they not all the way into the brain -- so no vision-enabling connection was made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the second group of mice, the researchers damaged the optic nerve without injecting the gene that triggers axon growth. Instead, the mice were treated with daily visual stimulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ZVcu5xg3bObrRBWVQDUCzWishOH9hkB8\"]\"The animals were placed in kind of an IMAX theater, where they viewed movies of high-contrast, black-and-white bars moving around,\" Huberman says, adding that's a visual pattern good for stimulating electrical activity of retinal ganglia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third and luckiest group of mice received both the gene injection and the visual stimulation. The results, Huberman says, were \"spectacular.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found was there was this enormous synergistic effect. The axons grew 500 times farther and faster than they would with either condition alone. And they grew so far and so fast, in fact, that they managed to get back into the brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Right Wiring\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huberman says the most important question answered in the study was whether \u003ca href=\"http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Neuron\" target=\"_blank\">neurons \u003c/a>-- in this case, the retinal ganglion cells that convey visual information to the brain -- would make the proper connections when regenerated. If not, \"it might be worse to have the wrong regeneration than no regeneration at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 30 types of retinal ganglion cells, he says, connecting their axons to different areas of the brain and controlling different functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could imagine it would be a very bad thing to regenerate, say, the motion-sensitive neurons to the area of the brain involved in mood. Then every time something moves through your visual field, you'd have a readjustment of your mood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these misroutings didn't occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So what this means is, if you kickstart one of these cells into a regenerative state, once they get into the milieu in which they have to figure out which way to go, they remember it like a city they grew up in, and they go to the right place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Iwach of the Glaucoma Research Foundation said the findings were \"preliminary, but very exciting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We currently manage glaucoma by lowering eye pressure and trying to save what is left,\" he says. \"We have not had the ability to regenerate these connections in humans. If you lose them, your vision cannot be brought back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm hopeful,\" Iwach says. \"I'm in the middle of seeing [glaucoma] patients, and they're struggling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huberman says the next step for his research team is to partner with a virtual reality group at Stanford to run a human study on ways in which noninvasive approaches can stimulate specific sets of neurons to regenerate, or can enhance their growth.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "201621 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=201621",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/15/in-a-first-scientists-restore-eyesight-in-mice-with-glaucoma-like-damage/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1012,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 32
},
"modified": 1475120208,
"excerpt": "The experiment restored 'multiple key aspects of vision' in mice who'd been blinded from optic nerve damage.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The experiment restored 'multiple key aspects of vision' in mice who'd been blinded from optic nerve damage.",
"title": "In a First, Scientists Restore Eyesight in Mice With Glaucoma-Like Damage | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "In a First, Scientists Restore Eyesight in Mice With Glaucoma-Like Damage",
"datePublished": "2016-07-15T11:25:03-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-09-28T20:36:48-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "in-a-first-scientists-restore-eyesight-in-mice-with-glaucoma-like-damage",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/futureofyou/201621/in-a-first-scientists-restore-eyesight-in-mice-with-glaucoma-like-damage",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists at Stanford university have restored partial vision to mice whose optic nerves were damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say the experiment, \u003ca href=\"http://MhOLhewhBjsADxJx0wCEiSglKXbSpoyu_qY6wsuDzuCLFharMPoFgbGpof8PP2eXSMnl86GUDAXNsWS1ydKxpPp_7E8KhL6_mecP5Ir6jPjL5DfupjU\" target=\"_blank\">published\u003c/a> this week in the journal Nature Neuroscience, is the first time \"multiple key aspects of vision\" have been restored in a mammal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The implication of the research is that people who are completely blind due to glaucoma, tumors, or other conditions that damage the optic nerve may be able to regain some vision.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The visual capability of the mice was tantamount to an individual being able, perhaps, to move out of the way of traffic, or walk through a room without bumping into objects or people.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The team will next test out noninvasive ways of achieving the same result in humans, says Dr. Andrew Huberman, an associate professor of neurobiology at Stanford University and a co-author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even in a best-case scenario, in which researchers can replicate the results in humans, any benefit is at least 10 years away, says Dr. Andrew Iwach, chairman of the board for the Glaucoma Research Foundation, a study co-funder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of an estimated 3 million Americans with glaucoma do not go blind, but the foundation says it is still the second-leading cause of blindness, after cataracts. In the U.S., more than 120,000 people have lost their sight due to the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Partial Restoration\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mice had limited vision restored. Translating the improvement into human terms, Huberman described their visual capacity as tantamount to an individual being able to walk through a room without bumping into objects or people, or, perhaps, dodge traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is some recovery of important functions,\" he says, \"but not the kind of things that would be involved in reaching out for a pen on a table or texting or reading fine print.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mouses' vision is still being monitored, and it may improve over time, Huberman says. \"The brain is really good at plasticity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Regeneration of Brain Cells\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists were able to partially restore vision in the mice by regenerating, in the retina, extensions called axons on the ends of cells called ganglia. These cells receive visual information and send it to the brain through the axons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_204224\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1157px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-204224\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this.jpg\" alt=\"Mouse retinal ganglion cell axons (magenta and green) are regenerating, extending from site of the optic nerve injury (left). \" width=\"1157\" height=\"895\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this.jpg 1157w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this-776x600.jpg 776w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this-768x594.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/axons-use-this-960x743.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1157px) 100vw, 1157px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mouse retinal ganglion cell axons (magenta and green) are regenerating, extending from site of the optic nerve injury (left). \u003ccite>(Andrew D. Huberman/Stanford University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In glaucoma, retinal cells constrict from pressure, and the axons attached to them \"pull out of the brain,\" says Huberman. When this occurs, the affected cells cannot pass the visual information on to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers started the experiment by injecting the first of three groups of mice with a virus that carried a gene called \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=mtor\" target=\"_blank\">mTOR\u003c/a>, which shifted the retinal ganglion cells into a state of growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think of this kind of like steroids or exercise for retinal ganglion cells,\" Huberman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers then induced an injury in the optic nerves of the mice -- an injury similar to the damage caused by glaucoma. The mTOR gene then prompted the axons to regenerate down the optic nerve, but they not all the way into the brain -- so no vision-enabling connection was made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the second group of mice, the researchers damaged the optic nerve without injecting the gene that triggers axon growth. Instead, the mice were treated with daily visual stimulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"The animals were placed in kind of an IMAX theater, where they viewed movies of high-contrast, black-and-white bars moving around,\" Huberman says, adding that's a visual pattern good for stimulating electrical activity of retinal ganglia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third and luckiest group of mice received both the gene injection and the visual stimulation. The results, Huberman says, were \"spectacular.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found was there was this enormous synergistic effect. The axons grew 500 times farther and faster than they would with either condition alone. And they grew so far and so fast, in fact, that they managed to get back into the brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Right Wiring\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huberman says the most important question answered in the study was whether \u003ca href=\"http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Neuron\" target=\"_blank\">neurons \u003c/a>-- in this case, the retinal ganglion cells that convey visual information to the brain -- would make the proper connections when regenerated. If not, \"it might be worse to have the wrong regeneration than no regeneration at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 30 types of retinal ganglion cells, he says, connecting their axons to different areas of the brain and controlling different functions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could imagine it would be a very bad thing to regenerate, say, the motion-sensitive neurons to the area of the brain involved in mood. Then every time something moves through your visual field, you'd have a readjustment of your mood.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these misroutings didn't occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So what this means is, if you kickstart one of these cells into a regenerative state, once they get into the milieu in which they have to figure out which way to go, they remember it like a city they grew up in, and they go to the right place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Iwach of the Glaucoma Research Foundation said the findings were \"preliminary, but very exciting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We currently manage glaucoma by lowering eye pressure and trying to save what is left,\" he says. \"We have not had the ability to regenerate these connections in humans. If you lose them, your vision cannot be brought back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm hopeful,\" Iwach says. \"I'm in the middle of seeing [glaucoma] patients, and they're struggling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huberman says the next step for his research team is to partner with a virtual reality group at Stanford to run a human study on ways in which noninvasive approaches can stimulate specific sets of neurons to regenerate, or can enhance their growth.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/201621/in-a-first-scientists-restore-eyesight-in-mice-with-glaucoma-like-damage",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1062"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_977",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_978"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_203765",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_202943": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_202943",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "202943",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468446204000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468446204,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Why Scientists Are Showing Orson Welles' 'Touch of Evil' to Mice",
"title": "Why Scientists Are Showing Orson Welles' 'Touch of Evil' to Mice",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Letting mice watch Orson Welles movies may help scientists explain human consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Touch of Evil' is good for mouse experiments because 'It’s black and white and it has nice contrasts and it has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8AXd1ayxrg\" target=\"_blank\">long shot\u003c/a> without having many interruptions.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At least that's one premise of the \u003ca href=\"http://observatory.brain-map.org/visualcoding\">Allen Brain Observatory\u003c/a>, which launched Wednesday and lets anyone with an Internet connection study a mouse brain as it responds to visual information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think of it as a telescope, but a telescope that is looking at the brain,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/brain-science/about/team/staff-profiles/christof-koch/\">Christof Koch\u003c/a>, chief scientific officer of the Allen Institute for Brain Science, which created the observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that thousands of scientists and would-be scientists will look through that telescope and help solve one of the great mysteries of human consciousness, Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ECrAJlYK7O8qkb37nUFYG7TOx9yKVtJ3\"]\"You look out at the world and there's a picture in your head,\" he says. \"You see faces, you see your wife, you see something on TV.\" But how does the brain create those images from the chaotic stream of visual information it receives? \"That's the mystery,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no easy way to study a person's brain as it makes sense of visual information. So the observatory has been gathering huge amounts of data on mice, which have a visual system that is very similar to the one found in people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data come from mice that run on a wheel as still images and movies appear on a screen in front of them. For the mice, it's a lot like watching TV on a treadmill at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these mice have been genetically altered in a way that allows a computer to monitor the activity of about 18,000 neurons as they respond to different images. \"We can look at those neurons and from that decode literally what goes through the mind of the mouse,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_202946\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-202946\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956.jpg\" alt=\"A snapshot the mouse visual cortex at the cellular level, captured by two-photon microscopy.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-768x768.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A snapshot the mouse visual cortex at the cellular level, captured by two-photon microscopy. \u003ccite>(Allen Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those neurons were pretty active when the mice watched the first few minutes of Orson Welles' film noir classic \u003cem>Touch of Evil\u003c/em>. The film is good for mouse experiments because \"It's black and white and it has nice contrasts and it has a long shot without having many interruptions,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, the camera follows a couple through the streets of a Mexican border town. As a mouse \u003ca href=\"http://observatory.brain-map.org/visualcoding/stimulus/natural_movies\">watches the action\u003c/a>, its brain activity changes in response to the images. For example, brain cells that respond to vertical lines start firing as the couple moves past a building with vertical columns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response is just one tiny part of the brain system that allows a mouse to create an internal map of its world. Other experiments show which brain cells fire when a mouse recognizes another animal, like a butterfly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making all of this data publicly available, scientists around the world can test their own ideas about the nature of perception and experience and even consciousness, Koch says. \"And we expect like in astronomy or other fields of science that they themselves will uncover things in our data that we never suspected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future versions of the observatory will explore nonvisual areas of the mouse brain, Koch says, including those involved in making decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Mouse+Watches+Film+Noir+And+Offers+Clues+To+Human+Consciousness&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "202943 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=202943",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/13/why-scientists-are-showing-orson-welles-touch-of-evil-to-mice/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 569,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1468446447,
"excerpt": "Researchers have created a public observatory for studying the visual circuitry in a mouse's brain. Among the attractions: watching 18,000 neurons respond to \u003cem> Touch of Evil\u003c/em>.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Researchers have created a public observatory for studying the visual circuitry in a mouse's brain. Among the attractions: watching 18,000 neurons respond to Touch of Evil.",
"title": "Why Scientists Are Showing Orson Welles' 'Touch of Evil' to Mice | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Why Scientists Are Showing Orson Welles' 'Touch of Evil' to Mice",
"datePublished": "2016-07-13T14:43:24-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-07-13T14:47:27-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "why-scientists-are-showing-orson-welles-touch-of-evil-to-mice",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "http://www.npr.org/",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=485830648&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Jon Hamilton\u003c/br>NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Wed, 13 Jul 2016 14:12:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Wed, 13 Jul 2016 16:31:17 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/13/485830648/a-mouse-watches-film-noir-and-offers-clues-to-human-consciousness?ft=nprml&f=485830648",
"nprImageAgency": "Getty Images",
"nprImageCredit": "Keystone",
"source": "NPR",
"nprStoryId": "485830648",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Wed, 13 Jul 2016 16:35:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/202943/why-scientists-are-showing-orson-welles-touch-of-evil-to-mice",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Letting mice watch Orson Welles movies may help scientists explain human consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Touch of Evil' is good for mouse experiments because 'It’s black and white and it has nice contrasts and it has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E8AXd1ayxrg\" target=\"_blank\">long shot\u003c/a> without having many interruptions.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At least that's one premise of the \u003ca href=\"http://observatory.brain-map.org/visualcoding\">Allen Brain Observatory\u003c/a>, which launched Wednesday and lets anyone with an Internet connection study a mouse brain as it responds to visual information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think of it as a telescope, but a telescope that is looking at the brain,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://alleninstitute.org/what-we-do/brain-science/about/team/staff-profiles/christof-koch/\">Christof Koch\u003c/a>, chief scientific officer of the Allen Institute for Brain Science, which created the observatory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that thousands of scientists and would-be scientists will look through that telescope and help solve one of the great mysteries of human consciousness, Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"You look out at the world and there's a picture in your head,\" he says. \"You see faces, you see your wife, you see something on TV.\" But how does the brain create those images from the chaotic stream of visual information it receives? \"That's the mystery,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no easy way to study a person's brain as it makes sense of visual information. So the observatory has been gathering huge amounts of data on mice, which have a visual system that is very similar to the one found in people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data come from mice that run on a wheel as still images and movies appear on a screen in front of them. For the mice, it's a lot like watching TV on a treadmill at the gym.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these mice have been genetically altered in a way that allows a computer to monitor the activity of about 18,000 neurons as they respond to different images. \"We can look at those neurons and from that decode literally what goes through the mind of the mouse,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_202946\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-202946\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956.jpg\" alt=\"A snapshot the mouse visual cortex at the cellular level, captured by two-photon microscopy.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-600x600.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-768x768.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/07/cortical-activity-1_enl-256ba3dd444e045101c9a720bffb9b04d8c9d956-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A snapshot the mouse visual cortex at the cellular level, captured by two-photon microscopy. \u003ccite>(Allen Institute)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Those neurons were pretty active when the mice watched the first few minutes of Orson Welles' film noir classic \u003cem>Touch of Evil\u003c/em>. The film is good for mouse experiments because \"It's black and white and it has nice contrasts and it has a long shot without having many interruptions,\" Koch says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, the camera follows a couple through the streets of a Mexican border town. As a mouse \u003ca href=\"http://observatory.brain-map.org/visualcoding/stimulus/natural_movies\">watches the action\u003c/a>, its brain activity changes in response to the images. For example, brain cells that respond to vertical lines start firing as the couple moves past a building with vertical columns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That response is just one tiny part of the brain system that allows a mouse to create an internal map of its world. Other experiments show which brain cells fire when a mouse recognizes another animal, like a butterfly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making all of this data publicly available, scientists around the world can test their own ideas about the nature of perception and experience and even consciousness, Koch says. \"And we expect like in astronomy or other fields of science that they themselves will uncover things in our data that we never suspected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Future versions of the observatory will explore nonvisual areas of the mouse brain, Koch says, including those involved in making decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Mouse+Watches+Film+Noir+And+Offers+Clues+To+Human+Consciousness&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/202943/why-scientists-are-showing-orson-welles-touch-of-evil-to-mice",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_202943"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_975",
"futureofyou_976"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_202944",
"label": "source_futureofyou_202943"
},
"futureofyou_202267": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_202267",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "202267",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1468348399000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1468348399,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "For Some With Autism, a Miracle Treatment That Fades Fast",
"title": "For Some With Autism, a Miracle Treatment That Fades Fast",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The story is a familiar one: the saga of a loving parent's quest to save a child. This time it's about the mother of a boy with autism. The mother scours the medical literature in search of any kind of treatment, however far-fetched and experimental. She finds one that seems promising, something involving magnetic fields, and moves mountains to get it for her son as part of a research protocol.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One teen goes from being a boy with no friends to a boy asked to the homecoming dance by four different girls. But the benefits began to fade after just a few months.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then, seeing that it helps, she devotes herself to getting more of it. Ultimately the mother starts a foundation to promote research into the new treatment, hoping to prove its value and one day make it part of standard care, not just for her son but for other children with autism, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular version of the story, though, is tinged with irony. The treatment in this case is \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/brain-stimulation-therapies/brain-stimulation-therapies.shtml#part_152879\">transcranial magnetic stimulation\u003c/a>, and the mother is a Minneapolis woman named Kim Hollingsworth Taylor. In 2012, Taylor's son, age 14 at the time and on the high-functioning end of the autism spectrum, was part of a trial of TMS that seemed to relieve a few of his autism symptoms for several days, making him able to read social cues more accurately and to complete cognitive tasks in far less time than before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pleased with the results, Taylor found a way the following year for her son to get more treatments in Boston, twice a week over the course of 10 weeks, even though TMS had not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for autism symptoms (and still has not).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this time, Taylor says, her son's autism symptoms disappeared, and he went from being a boy with no friends to being a boy who was asked to the homecoming dance by four different girls. The change thrilled her so much that she started a small nonprofit to advance research into the use of TMS for autism. Taylor, who has a background as a financial analyst in the medical technology industry, called the foundation \u003ca href=\"https://clearlypresent.org/\">Clearly Present\u003c/a>, the phrase her son used to describe how he felt after treatment. \"It's like there's more of me here now,\" he told her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"RlJDDGPFUABA2mxpccf34tsLq1ak6UvR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the benefits began to fade after just a few months. Three years after his last treatment, Taylor's now 18-year-old son is back to where he was before he started on TMS. And he says he doesn't want to try it again if it means again disrupting the family life and moving to Boston with his father for another three-month stretch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here is Taylor, committed to organizing scientific conferences and soliciting research funding through the Clearly Present Foundation, with the personal impetus for her labors having disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like most people I would crawl on broken glass to make things a little better for my kid,\" Taylor said in a recent phone interview. So she finds it \"profoundly sad\" that there's no place closer to home that could offer TMS to her son — and frustrating to be in the midst of a demanding volunteer project that, for now at least, doesn't seem likely to help her own child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://spectrumnews.org/features/deep-dive/magnetic-promise-can-brain-stimulation-treat-autism-2/\">article on TMS\u003c/a> for Spectrum, a Web magazine about autism science, the writer Lydia Denworth called the story of the Clearly Present Foundation \"a cautionary tale for anyone who reads too much into TMS' benefits.\" Another cautionary tale is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/08/484812170/what-an-hour-of-emotion-makes-visible\">featured\u003c/a> in the latest episode of NPR's podcast and program \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/510307/invisibilia\">Invisibilia\u003c/a>, about a middle-aged physician on the autism spectrum who also tried TMS. The treatment, which the woman (also named Kim, but not related to Taylor) underwent twice, enabled her to perceive subtle emotions in others for the first time in her life. Then, after less than an hour, that insight disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did she feel about getting this brief insight into how most people experience feelings? \"It could be that you would get a glimpse of this and you couldn't have it, and it would be completely heartbreaking and you couldn't get over it,\" she told Invisibilia host Alix Spiegel. But after reflection, the physician told Spiegel, her feelings were mixed — depression, yes, but also gratitude that she'd had a chance to gain a deeper understanding of what it means to be human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autism is a developmental disorder that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-dsm.html\">can be disabling\u003c/a>, and there's no cure. That makes families uniquely vulnerable to the potential of untested treatment. The fear is that TMS could turn out to be the latest in a \u003ca href=\"http://oepf.org/sites/default/files/Desperate%20for%20an%20autism%20cure.pdf\">long string\u003c/a> of untested or off-label treatments for autism, from chelation therapy to hyperbaric oxygen chambers to gluten-free diets, that desperate parents have been spending money on for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of these treatments has proven beneficial in clinical trials, and some have actually caused harm. FDA officials worry that even if a treatment is relatively safe, it could still divert precious resources away from proven treatments, such as behavioral interventions and certain drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies promoting untested approaches face \"possible legal action if they continue to make false or misleading claims about products and therapies claiming to treat or cure autism,\" the FDA wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm394757.htm\">consumer bulletin\u003c/a> in 2014. \"Some of these so-called therapies carry significant health risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's easy to understand the enthusiasm for a treatment like TMS, which is noninvasive, nonpharmacological and already has FDA clearance for one condition — \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4492646/\">severe depression\u003c/a> that doesn't respond to other treatments. It has \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4122183/\">few known side effects\u003c/a>, though it has been shown, in very rare cases, to cause seizures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatment involves placing a relatively small and very powerful electromagnet on the scalp, and sending pulses of magnetic waves directly into the brain to activate or deactivate particular neurons. It has been used experimentally in autism, mostly in hopes of developing a better diagnostic tool. But as news percolates of this research application, more and more people want to try it for themselves or their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Research on TMS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for autism, the science of TMS treatment is, according to researcher \u003ca href=\"https://vivo.brown.edu/display/loberman\">Lindsay Oberman\u003c/a>, \"still in its infancy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know it's easy to get overly optimistic given the media coverage and web posts about the remarkable responses some people with autism have reported after participating in a TMS study,\" Oberman, a research psychologist at Brown University and Bradley Hospital in Rhode Island, wrote last March in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.autismspeaks.org/blog/2016/03/25/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-autism-evidence-benefit\">blog post\u003c/a> for the advocacy group Autism Speaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those studies have been very few — just \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24127165\">13 in the medical literature to date\u003c/a> — and they tend to focus on only a select group of subjects: adults, generally male, who are high-functioning and do not have epilepsy. It's risky, then, to generalize to how TMS would affect women or children with autism, or people with more severe symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I caution against drawing conclusions from the preliminary results of the TMS studies that I and others have conducted,\" wrote Oberman in her blog post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those 13 trials of TMS for autism, which involve fewer than 200 people altogether, only one is a double-blind, randomized trial — the type of trial designed to rule out the so-called placebo effect (improvements that occur because subjects expect them to).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24280031\">double-blind study\u003c/a>, conducted in Australia on 28 high-functioning adults diagnosed with autism or Asperger's syndrome, the 15 people in the treatment group showed some improvement, compared with the 13 controls, in terms of better social skills and reduced anxiety, both immediately after the treatment and at the one-month follow-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real excitement over TMS for autism, however, does not come from the medical literature. It comes from popular testimonials of people on the autism spectrum who credit TMS for heightening their emotional sensitivity and leading to fewer obsessions, fewer repetitive actions and improved social skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Elder Robison, an author and autism activist, describes his own experience in his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/04/21/475112703/electric-currents-and-an-emotional-awakening-for-one-man-with-autism\">latest book\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Switched On: A Memoir of Brain Change and Emotional Awakening\u003c/em>. The alterations of TMS were life-affirming, he writes, but they were tinged with sadness, too, because his insights into others' emotions showed him how troubled most people's inner lives really are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before the TMS, I had fantasized that the emotional cues I was missing in my autism would bring me closer to people,\" \u003ca href=\"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/03/18/an-experimental-autism-treatment-cost-me-my-marriage/?_r=5\">Robison wrote\u003c/a> earlier this year in \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>. \"The reality was very different. The signals I now picked up about what my fellow humans were feeling overwhelmed me. They seemed scared, alarmed, worried and even greedy. The beauty I envisioned was nowhere to be found.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while Robison says his heightened emotions have generally persisted in the eight years since his first treatment, even his doctors say his response is unusually robust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's easy to see why parents would grab at cures that promise to bring back their sons and daughters, to give their children a voice, stop them from self-harm, or offer them a chance at friendship and independence. But quite apart from the question of whether the traits of autism are symptoms to be treated or differences to be embraced — a debate at the heart of the \u003ca href=\"http://stevesilberman.com/book/neurotribes/\">neurodiversity movement\u003c/a> — Oberman says it's too soon to institute TMS as a treatment, especially for children, whose brains are still developing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's difficult to predict the long-term consequences for children of routinely disrupting their brain activity. And it's hard to know, for children and adults alike, the details of how best to offer TMS for autism: how often it should be used, for how long a period, in which regions of the brain, and for what purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are still many things that we do not understand about how the developing brain responds to TMS or any form of neural intervention,\" Oberman told me by email this week. \"And if the goal with TMS is to 'rewire' or affect the connectivity of the brain in order to improve symptoms, we first have to understand what degree of connectivity and wiring is healthy at any given age, and what type of stimulation will improve the functioning of these areas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, scientific evidence about the efficacy of TMS in autism is not in yet, and it's accumulating the way most scientific evidence does: with painful slowness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the still-unanswered questions about TMS is how it works and which autistic behaviors it best targets. Put 10 clinicians in a room, Oberman says, and you're likely to get 10 different answers. Her own research interest is in social communication, she says, but other symptoms — poor executive functioning, depression, irritability, poor language skills — are just as likely to be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been using TMS for adults with autism who have other co-morbid conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression,\" says Eric Hollander, director of the Autism and OCD Spectrum Program at Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx. \"And we've had good luck in terms of reducing the severity of some compulsive behaviors, as well as anxiety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollander has found TMS useful for relieving such autism symptoms as agitation, self-injury, and behavioral rigidity. But he says many questions about TMS for autism are still unanswered, including which brain regions to target, the optimal frequency and duration of treatment, and the best schedule for booster therapy for long-term maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to all these questions about \u003cem>how\u003c/em> TMS should be used, scientists don't really know much about who the best candidates for TMS are. Is it best aimed at those on the high-functioning end of the spectrum? Only for adults? Only for those without epilepsy or other co-existing problems?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what are the ethical implications of recommending TMS for a use not approved by the FDA? Even though it is legal (doctors can prescribe any FDA-approved drug or device for any purpose, not only the purpose for which it was originally approved), that does not make it the right thing to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to answer these questions is through a multicenter therapeutic trial of TMS for autism, something that Taylor and the Clearly Present Foundation have been trying to help organize. But clinical trials are expensive and would require a major grant, which members of the coalition of researchers Taylor has assembled, known as the \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aur.1567/abstract\">TMS Therapy for Autism Consensus Group\u003c/a>, have spent the past two years trying to obtain. They're talking now about first coordinating a number of pilot studies at individual institutions, on the way to gearing up to a large-scale, multicenter clinical trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are already a few studies of TMS and autism underway: One in Canada is looking for improvement in executive function in 50 adolescents and young adults; another in France is looking for changes in social cognition in 60 adults; and one in Israel (the one most relevant to children) is looking for changes in social interaction in 20 children and adolescents who have autism or an intellectual disability or both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Oberman says the only safe way to receive TMS for autism, for adults and children alike, is by being part of a research trial — which means going to \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=autism+tms&Search=Search\">clinicaltrials.gov\u003c/a> to volunteer to be a study subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would not recommend receiving TMS 'treatments' from a clinician outside of a research study,\" she says, \"as there is no standard protocol, nor strong evidence that any given protocol is likely to lead to long-term improvements in symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. Anyone who tells you otherwise is simply misleading you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Science writer \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.robinhenig.com/\">Robin Marantz Henig\u003c/a> \u003cem>is a contributing writer for \u003c/em>The New York Times Magazine\u003cem> and the author of nine books.\u003c/em> \u003cem>She also serves on the board of advisers for\u003c/em> \u003cem>Spectrum magazine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hope+Still+Races+Ahead+Of+Evidence+In+Magnet+Treatment+For+Autism&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "202267 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=202267",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/12/for-some-with-autism-a-miracle-treatment-that-fades-fast/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 2371,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 43
},
"modified": 1475120189,
"excerpt": "A few people with high-functioning autism say they've been briefly helped by exposure to transcranial magnetic stimulation. But there's a cost, one mother found, to getting ahead of the science.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A few people with high-functioning autism say they've been briefly helped by exposure to transcranial magnetic stimulation. But there's a cost, one mother found, to getting ahead of the science.",
"title": "For Some With Autism, a Miracle Treatment That Fades Fast | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "For Some With Autism, a Miracle Treatment That Fades Fast",
"datePublished": "2016-07-12T11:33:19-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-09-28T20:36:29-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "for-some-with-autism-a-miracle-treatment-that-fades-fast",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=484810552&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Robin Marantz Henig\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Sat, 09 Jul 2016 07:00:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Mon, 11 Jul 2016 13:37:32 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/09/484810552/hope-still-races-ahead-of-evidence-in-magnet-treatment-for-autism?ft=nprml&f=484810552",
"nprImageAgency": " Katherine Streeter for NPR",
"nprStoryId": "484810552",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Mon, 11 Jul 2016 13:37:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/202267/for-some-with-autism-a-miracle-treatment-that-fades-fast",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The story is a familiar one: the saga of a loving parent's quest to save a child. This time it's about the mother of a boy with autism. The mother scours the medical literature in search of any kind of treatment, however far-fetched and experimental. She finds one that seems promising, something involving magnetic fields, and moves mountains to get it for her son as part of a research protocol.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One teen goes from being a boy with no friends to a boy asked to the homecoming dance by four different girls. But the benefits began to fade after just a few months.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then, seeing that it helps, she devotes herself to getting more of it. Ultimately the mother starts a foundation to promote research into the new treatment, hoping to prove its value and one day make it part of standard care, not just for her son but for other children with autism, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular version of the story, though, is tinged with irony. The treatment in this case is \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/brain-stimulation-therapies/brain-stimulation-therapies.shtml#part_152879\">transcranial magnetic stimulation\u003c/a>, and the mother is a Minneapolis woman named Kim Hollingsworth Taylor. In 2012, Taylor's son, age 14 at the time and on the high-functioning end of the autism spectrum, was part of a trial of TMS that seemed to relieve a few of his autism symptoms for several days, making him able to read social cues more accurately and to complete cognitive tasks in far less time than before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pleased with the results, Taylor found a way the following year for her son to get more treatments in Boston, twice a week over the course of 10 weeks, even though TMS had not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for autism symptoms (and still has not).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this time, Taylor says, her son's autism symptoms disappeared, and he went from being a boy with no friends to being a boy who was asked to the homecoming dance by four different girls. The change thrilled her so much that she started a small nonprofit to advance research into the use of TMS for autism. Taylor, who has a background as a financial analyst in the medical technology industry, called the foundation \u003ca href=\"https://clearlypresent.org/\">Clearly Present\u003c/a>, the phrase her son used to describe how he felt after treatment. \"It's like there's more of me here now,\" he told her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the benefits began to fade after just a few months. Three years after his last treatment, Taylor's now 18-year-old son is back to where he was before he started on TMS. And he says he doesn't want to try it again if it means again disrupting the family life and moving to Boston with his father for another three-month stretch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here is Taylor, committed to organizing scientific conferences and soliciting research funding through the Clearly Present Foundation, with the personal impetus for her labors having disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like most people I would crawl on broken glass to make things a little better for my kid,\" Taylor said in a recent phone interview. So she finds it \"profoundly sad\" that there's no place closer to home that could offer TMS to her son — and frustrating to be in the midst of a demanding volunteer project that, for now at least, doesn't seem likely to help her own child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://spectrumnews.org/features/deep-dive/magnetic-promise-can-brain-stimulation-treat-autism-2/\">article on TMS\u003c/a> for Spectrum, a Web magazine about autism science, the writer Lydia Denworth called the story of the Clearly Present Foundation \"a cautionary tale for anyone who reads too much into TMS' benefits.\" Another cautionary tale is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/07/08/484812170/what-an-hour-of-emotion-makes-visible\">featured\u003c/a> in the latest episode of NPR's podcast and program \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/510307/invisibilia\">Invisibilia\u003c/a>, about a middle-aged physician on the autism spectrum who also tried TMS. The treatment, which the woman (also named Kim, but not related to Taylor) underwent twice, enabled her to perceive subtle emotions in others for the first time in her life. Then, after less than an hour, that insight disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How did she feel about getting this brief insight into how most people experience feelings? \"It could be that you would get a glimpse of this and you couldn't have it, and it would be completely heartbreaking and you couldn't get over it,\" she told Invisibilia host Alix Spiegel. But after reflection, the physician told Spiegel, her feelings were mixed — depression, yes, but also gratitude that she'd had a chance to gain a deeper understanding of what it means to be human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autism is a developmental disorder that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/hcp-dsm.html\">can be disabling\u003c/a>, and there's no cure. That makes families uniquely vulnerable to the potential of untested treatment. The fear is that TMS could turn out to be the latest in a \u003ca href=\"http://oepf.org/sites/default/files/Desperate%20for%20an%20autism%20cure.pdf\">long string\u003c/a> of untested or off-label treatments for autism, from chelation therapy to hyperbaric oxygen chambers to gluten-free diets, that desperate parents have been spending money on for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of these treatments has proven beneficial in clinical trials, and some have actually caused harm. FDA officials worry that even if a treatment is relatively safe, it could still divert precious resources away from proven treatments, such as behavioral interventions and certain drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies promoting untested approaches face \"possible legal action if they continue to make false or misleading claims about products and therapies claiming to treat or cure autism,\" the FDA wrote in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm394757.htm\">consumer bulletin\u003c/a> in 2014. \"Some of these so-called therapies carry significant health risks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's easy to understand the enthusiasm for a treatment like TMS, which is noninvasive, nonpharmacological and already has FDA clearance for one condition — \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4492646/\">severe depression\u003c/a> that doesn't respond to other treatments. It has \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4122183/\">few known side effects\u003c/a>, though it has been shown, in very rare cases, to cause seizures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatment involves placing a relatively small and very powerful electromagnet on the scalp, and sending pulses of magnetic waves directly into the brain to activate or deactivate particular neurons. It has been used experimentally in autism, mostly in hopes of developing a better diagnostic tool. But as news percolates of this research application, more and more people want to try it for themselves or their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Research on TMS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for autism, the science of TMS treatment is, according to researcher \u003ca href=\"https://vivo.brown.edu/display/loberman\">Lindsay Oberman\u003c/a>, \"still in its infancy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know it's easy to get overly optimistic given the media coverage and web posts about the remarkable responses some people with autism have reported after participating in a TMS study,\" Oberman, a research psychologist at Brown University and Bradley Hospital in Rhode Island, wrote last March in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.autismspeaks.org/blog/2016/03/25/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-autism-evidence-benefit\">blog post\u003c/a> for the advocacy group Autism Speaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those studies have been very few — just \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24127165\">13 in the medical literature to date\u003c/a> — and they tend to focus on only a select group of subjects: adults, generally male, who are high-functioning and do not have epilepsy. It's risky, then, to generalize to how TMS would affect women or children with autism, or people with more severe symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I caution against drawing conclusions from the preliminary results of the TMS studies that I and others have conducted,\" wrote Oberman in her blog post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those 13 trials of TMS for autism, which involve fewer than 200 people altogether, only one is a double-blind, randomized trial — the type of trial designed to rule out the so-called placebo effect (improvements that occur because subjects expect them to).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24280031\">double-blind study\u003c/a>, conducted in Australia on 28 high-functioning adults diagnosed with autism or Asperger's syndrome, the 15 people in the treatment group showed some improvement, compared with the 13 controls, in terms of better social skills and reduced anxiety, both immediately after the treatment and at the one-month follow-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real excitement over TMS for autism, however, does not come from the medical literature. It comes from popular testimonials of people on the autism spectrum who credit TMS for heightening their emotional sensitivity and leading to fewer obsessions, fewer repetitive actions and improved social skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Elder Robison, an author and autism activist, describes his own experience in his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/04/21/475112703/electric-currents-and-an-emotional-awakening-for-one-man-with-autism\">latest book\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Switched On: A Memoir of Brain Change and Emotional Awakening\u003c/em>. The alterations of TMS were life-affirming, he writes, but they were tinged with sadness, too, because his insights into others' emotions showed him how troubled most people's inner lives really are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before the TMS, I had fantasized that the emotional cues I was missing in my autism would bring me closer to people,\" \u003ca href=\"http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/03/18/an-experimental-autism-treatment-cost-me-my-marriage/?_r=5\">Robison wrote\u003c/a> earlier this year in \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>. \"The reality was very different. The signals I now picked up about what my fellow humans were feeling overwhelmed me. They seemed scared, alarmed, worried and even greedy. The beauty I envisioned was nowhere to be found.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while Robison says his heightened emotions have generally persisted in the eight years since his first treatment, even his doctors say his response is unusually robust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's easy to see why parents would grab at cures that promise to bring back their sons and daughters, to give their children a voice, stop them from self-harm, or offer them a chance at friendship and independence. But quite apart from the question of whether the traits of autism are symptoms to be treated or differences to be embraced — a debate at the heart of the \u003ca href=\"http://stevesilberman.com/book/neurotribes/\">neurodiversity movement\u003c/a> — Oberman says it's too soon to institute TMS as a treatment, especially for children, whose brains are still developing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's difficult to predict the long-term consequences for children of routinely disrupting their brain activity. And it's hard to know, for children and adults alike, the details of how best to offer TMS for autism: how often it should be used, for how long a period, in which regions of the brain, and for what purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are still many things that we do not understand about how the developing brain responds to TMS or any form of neural intervention,\" Oberman told me by email this week. \"And if the goal with TMS is to 'rewire' or affect the connectivity of the brain in order to improve symptoms, we first have to understand what degree of connectivity and wiring is healthy at any given age, and what type of stimulation will improve the functioning of these areas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, scientific evidence about the efficacy of TMS in autism is not in yet, and it's accumulating the way most scientific evidence does: with painful slowness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the still-unanswered questions about TMS is how it works and which autistic behaviors it best targets. Put 10 clinicians in a room, Oberman says, and you're likely to get 10 different answers. Her own research interest is in social communication, she says, but other symptoms — poor executive functioning, depression, irritability, poor language skills — are just as likely to be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been using TMS for adults with autism who have other co-morbid conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression,\" says Eric Hollander, director of the Autism and OCD Spectrum Program at Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx. \"And we've had good luck in terms of reducing the severity of some compulsive behaviors, as well as anxiety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollander has found TMS useful for relieving such autism symptoms as agitation, self-injury, and behavioral rigidity. But he says many questions about TMS for autism are still unanswered, including which brain regions to target, the optimal frequency and duration of treatment, and the best schedule for booster therapy for long-term maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to all these questions about \u003cem>how\u003c/em> TMS should be used, scientists don't really know much about who the best candidates for TMS are. Is it best aimed at those on the high-functioning end of the spectrum? Only for adults? Only for those without epilepsy or other co-existing problems?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what are the ethical implications of recommending TMS for a use not approved by the FDA? Even though it is legal (doctors can prescribe any FDA-approved drug or device for any purpose, not only the purpose for which it was originally approved), that does not make it the right thing to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to answer these questions is through a multicenter therapeutic trial of TMS for autism, something that Taylor and the Clearly Present Foundation have been trying to help organize. But clinical trials are expensive and would require a major grant, which members of the coalition of researchers Taylor has assembled, known as the \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/aur.1567/abstract\">TMS Therapy for Autism Consensus Group\u003c/a>, have spent the past two years trying to obtain. They're talking now about first coordinating a number of pilot studies at individual institutions, on the way to gearing up to a large-scale, multicenter clinical trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are already a few studies of TMS and autism underway: One in Canada is looking for improvement in executive function in 50 adolescents and young adults; another in France is looking for changes in social cognition in 60 adults; and one in Israel (the one most relevant to children) is looking for changes in social interaction in 20 children and adolescents who have autism or an intellectual disability or both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Oberman says the only safe way to receive TMS for autism, for adults and children alike, is by being part of a research trial — which means going to \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=autism+tms&Search=Search\">clinicaltrials.gov\u003c/a> to volunteer to be a study subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would not recommend receiving TMS 'treatments' from a clinician outside of a research study,\" she says, \"as there is no standard protocol, nor strong evidence that any given protocol is likely to lead to long-term improvements in symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. Anyone who tells you otherwise is simply misleading you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Science writer \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.robinhenig.com/\">Robin Marantz Henig\u003c/a> \u003cem>is a contributing writer for \u003c/em>The New York Times Magazine\u003cem> and the author of nine books.\u003c/em> \u003cem>She also serves on the board of advisers for\u003c/em> \u003cem>Spectrum magazine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hope+Still+Races+Ahead+Of+Evidence+In+Magnet+Treatment+For+Autism&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/202267/for-some-with-autism-a-miracle-treatment-that-fades-fast",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_202267"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1062"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_555",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_974"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_202268",
"label": "futureofyou"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=health": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 684,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 1297,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"futureofyou_217172",
"science_899859",
"futureofyou_215268",
"stateofhealth_218421",
"futureofyou_210924",
"stateofhealth_215079",
"futureofyou_206961",
"stateofhealth_214374",
"futureofyou_202830",
"futureofyou_201621",
"futureofyou_202943",
"futureofyou_202267"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_health": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"source_futureofyou_217172": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_217172",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Personalized Medicine",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_899859": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_899859",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Central",
"link": "http://www.climatecentral.org/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_202943": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_202943",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "NPR",
"link": "http://www.npr.org/",
"isLoading": false
},
"futureofyou_452": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_452",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "452",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health Policy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Policy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 452,
"slug": "health-policy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/health-policy"
},
"futureofyou_103": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_103",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "103",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cancer",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cancer Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 103,
"slug": "cancer",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/cancer"
},
"futureofyou_80": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_80",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqedscience",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqedscience Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 80,
"slug": "kqedscience",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqedscience"
},
"futureofyou_112": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_112",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "112",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "precision medicine",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "precision medicine Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 112,
"slug": "precision-medicine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/precision-medicine"
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"futureofyou_1": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future Of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/future-of-you"
},
"futureofyou_73": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_73",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "73",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 73,
"slug": "kqed-news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/kqed-news"
},
"futureofyou_1003": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1003",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1003",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Theranos Elizabeth Holmes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Theranos Elizabeth Holmes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1003,
"slug": "theranos-elizabeth-holmes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/theranos-elizabeth-holmes"
},
"stateofhealth_2407": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_2407",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "2407",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Digital Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Digital Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2418,
"slug": "digital-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/category/digital-health"
},
"stateofhealth_2746": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_2746",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "2746",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Public Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Public Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2755,
"slug": "public-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/category/public-health"
},
"stateofhealth_2830": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_2830",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "2830",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Mosquitoes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Mosquitoes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2839,
"slug": "mosquitoes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/mosquitoes"
},
"stateofhealth_2519": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_2519",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "2519",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2528,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/news"
},
"stateofhealth_461": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_461",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "461",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Science Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 462,
"slug": "science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/science"
},
"stateofhealth_2653": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_2653",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "2653",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Zika",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Zika Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2662,
"slug": "zika",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/zika"
},
"futureofyou_1062": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1062",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1062",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1062,
"slug": "hopehype",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/hopehype"
},
"futureofyou_999": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_999",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "999",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Alzheimer's",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Alzheimer's Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 999,
"slug": "alzheimers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/alzheimers"
},
"stateofhealth_2808": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_2808",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "2808",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2817,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/featured"
},
"futureofyou_283": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_283",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "283",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fertility",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fertility Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 283,
"slug": "fertility",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/fertility"
},
"futureofyou_29": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_29",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "29",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Big Data",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Big Data Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 29,
"slug": "big-data",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/big-data"
},
"futureofyou_980": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_980",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "980",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "dengue fever",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "dengue fever Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 980,
"slug": "dengue-fever",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/dengue-fever"
},
"futureofyou_977": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_977",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "977",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "glaucoma",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "glaucoma Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 977,
"slug": "glaucoma",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/glaucoma"
},
"futureofyou_978": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_978",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "978",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "mice",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "mice Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 978,
"slug": "mice",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/mice"
},
"futureofyou_975": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_975",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "975",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Orson Welles",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Orson Welles Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 975,
"slug": "orson-welles",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/orson-welles"
},
"futureofyou_976": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_976",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "976",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "touch of evil",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "touch of evil Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 976,
"slug": "touch-of-evil",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/touch-of-evil"
},
"futureofyou_555": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_555",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "555",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "autism",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "autism Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 555,
"slug": "autism",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/autism"
},
"futureofyou_974": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_974",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "974",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "TMS",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "TMS Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 974,
"slug": "tms",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/tms"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
