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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/antibiotics_sparktography_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/antibiotics_sparktography_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"colorful photograph of antibiotics\" title=\"antibiotics_sparktography_640x360\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-47506\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/antibiotics_sparktography_640x360.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/antibiotics_sparktography_640x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph of antibiotics, courtesy of sparktography via Creative Commons license.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When your cold or flu virus turns into a bacterial infection, like a severe sinus infection, taking antibiotics can seem like a miracle. You often start feeling better after just a day or two, and you’re no longer contagious after about three days. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antibiotics work by killing bacteria or by stopping bacteria from multiplying. Each type of antibiotics affects different bacteria in different ways, although broad-spectrum antibiotics are used to treat a wide range of infections. Antibiotics quickly make you feel better because the drug kills the majority of the targeted bacteria very quickly. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However antibiotics also kill beneficial bacteria and induce negative \u003ca href=\"http://www.drugs.com/article/antibiotic-sideeffects-allergies-reactions.html\" title=\"Common antibiotic side effects\">side effects\u003c/a> -- most commonly diarrhea, upset stomach, and vaginal yeast infection. For instance, antibiotics cause about one out of three people to get \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1151505\" title=\"JAMA article Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea\">diarrhea\u003c/a> by disrupting the balance of the intestinal flora, a collection of bacteria and other microorganisms in the digestive tract. This can result in an overgrowth of the \u003cem>Clostridium difficile\u003c/em> bacteria that causes diarrhea. Similarly, antibiotics can disrupt the vaginal flora and cause an overgrowth of \u003cem>Candida\u003c/em> yeasts to cause a yeast infection. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://nccam.nih.gov/health/probiotics/introduction.htm\" title=\"NIH information on probiotics\">Probiotics\u003c/a> are live bacteria, yeasts and other microbes intended to maintain or restore the supply of beneficial bacteria in the body, particularly the stomach and intestines. Probiotics are found naturally in certain foods, including yogurt, aged cheeses, kefir, miso, tempeh, and fermented cabbage. Dietary supplements are another common source of probiotics. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although probiotics have been widely promoted as a way to keep your body in balance, scientific evidence for these claims have been weakened by the small size of most research studies. However, the use of probiotics to reduce antibiotic-induced side effects is now becoming more widely accepted by the medical profession. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1151505\" title=\"JAMA article, Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea\">recent study\u003c/a> published in the Journal of the American Medical Association supports taking probiotics with antibiotics. A team of researchers from southern California combined and analyzed the results of 63 randomized controlled trials of probiotics for the prevention or treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The 11811 men and women included in this large combined study took a placebo or probiotics supplement along with their antibiotics. The people who took the probiotics were 42% less likely to develop diarrhea than those taking the placebo. This pooled evidence strongly suggests that probiotics can help populations of beneficial bacteria recover and more quickly restore balance in the intestines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, further research is needed to determine which probiotics are the most effective at preventing and treating antibiotic-associated side effects, as well as determine the optimal dose of the probiotics. Research is also needed to identify which antibiotics are most likely to induce adverse effects. Hopefully these further studies are underway. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course it is also important to limit your use of antibiotics, using them only for bacterial infections when necessary. Common cold and flu viruses don’t respond to antibiotics anyway.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientific evidence now suggests that taking probiotics with antibiotics can reduce the risk of negative side affects. In a recent combined study, people who took probiotics with antibiotics were 42% less likely to develop diarrhea. However, further research is needed to determine the most effective probiotics and dose.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_47506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/antibiotics_sparktography_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/antibiotics_sparktography_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"colorful photograph of antibiotics\" title=\"antibiotics_sparktography_640x360\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-47506\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/antibiotics_sparktography_640x360.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/11/antibiotics_sparktography_640x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph of antibiotics, courtesy of sparktography via Creative Commons license.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When your cold or flu virus turns into a bacterial infection, like a severe sinus infection, taking antibiotics can seem like a miracle. You often start feeling better after just a day or two, and you’re no longer contagious after about three days. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antibiotics work by killing bacteria or by stopping bacteria from multiplying. Each type of antibiotics affects different bacteria in different ways, although broad-spectrum antibiotics are used to treat a wide range of infections. Antibiotics quickly make you feel better because the drug kills the majority of the targeted bacteria very quickly. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However antibiotics also kill beneficial bacteria and induce negative \u003ca href=\"http://www.drugs.com/article/antibiotic-sideeffects-allergies-reactions.html\" title=\"Common antibiotic side effects\">side effects\u003c/a> -- most commonly diarrhea, upset stomach, and vaginal yeast infection. For instance, antibiotics cause about one out of three people to get \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1151505\" title=\"JAMA article Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea\">diarrhea\u003c/a> by disrupting the balance of the intestinal flora, a collection of bacteria and other microorganisms in the digestive tract. This can result in an overgrowth of the \u003cem>Clostridium difficile\u003c/em> bacteria that causes diarrhea. Similarly, antibiotics can disrupt the vaginal flora and cause an overgrowth of \u003cem>Candida\u003c/em> yeasts to cause a yeast infection. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://nccam.nih.gov/health/probiotics/introduction.htm\" title=\"NIH information on probiotics\">Probiotics\u003c/a> are live bacteria, yeasts and other microbes intended to maintain or restore the supply of beneficial bacteria in the body, particularly the stomach and intestines. Probiotics are found naturally in certain foods, including yogurt, aged cheeses, kefir, miso, tempeh, and fermented cabbage. Dietary supplements are another common source of probiotics. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although probiotics have been widely promoted as a way to keep your body in balance, scientific evidence for these claims have been weakened by the small size of most research studies. However, the use of probiotics to reduce antibiotic-induced side effects is now becoming more widely accepted by the medical profession. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1151505\" title=\"JAMA article, Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea\">recent study\u003c/a> published in the Journal of the American Medical Association supports taking probiotics with antibiotics. A team of researchers from southern California combined and analyzed the results of 63 randomized controlled trials of probiotics for the prevention or treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The 11811 men and women included in this large combined study took a placebo or probiotics supplement along with their antibiotics. The people who took the probiotics were 42% less likely to develop diarrhea than those taking the placebo. This pooled evidence strongly suggests that probiotics can help populations of beneficial bacteria recover and more quickly restore balance in the intestines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, further research is needed to determine which probiotics are the most effective at preventing and treating antibiotic-associated side effects, as well as determine the optimal dose of the probiotics. Research is also needed to identify which antibiotics are most likely to induce adverse effects. Hopefully these further studies are underway. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course it is also important to limit your use of antibiotics, using them only for bacterial infections when necessary. Common cold and flu viruses don’t respond to antibiotics anyway.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "SF Scientist Wins Nobel for Stem Cell Breakthrough",
"headTitle": "SF Scientist Wins Nobel for Stem Cell Breakthrough | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shinya Yamanaka, a stem cell researcher at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gladstone.ucsf.edu/\">Gladstone Institutes\u003c/a>, which is affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, has won this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with English researcher John B. Gurdon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, who is also an investigator at Kyoto University, in Japan, and a professor of anatomy at UCSF, won the prize for developing a technology to create stem cells that can become any type of cell in the body. His method creates cells that are like embryonic stem cells, without using human embryos. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These so-called induced pluripotent stem cells, or IPS cells, could one day lead to cures for a wide range of diseases, from Parkinson’s to heart disease. And they bypass the ethical issues surrounding the use of human embryos for research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPS cells are like embryonic stem cells in that they can be coaxed into becoming any type of cell in the body. But unlike embryonic stem cells, which are created from human embryos, IPS cells are developed by introducing a few genes into common adult cells like skin cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that embryonic stem cells and skin cells, although they are very different, have the same blueprint, which consists of approximately 30,000 genes,” Yamanaka told KQED News during an interview at the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco in 2010. His method consisted in getting the skin cells to “read” the genes that give embryonic stem cells their qualities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9072\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/Shinya-Yamanaka_9-14-10_JO_BEST_resized1.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, stem cell researcher at the Gladstone Institutes, in San Francisco, won the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9072\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, stem cell researcher at the Gladstone Institutes, in San Francisco, won the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In announcing the award today in Stockholm, Sweden, the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine said that “These groundbreaking discoveries have completely changed our view of the development and cellular specialization. We now understand that the mature cell does not have to be confined forever to its specialized state.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka won the award jointly with John B. Gurdon, from the University of Cambridge and the Gurdon Institute, in Cambridge, England. The Nobel Committee recognized Gurdon for his pioneering work in animal cloning. In 1962, Gurdon discovered that “the specialization of cells into different tissues is reversible,” said the Committee. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, who was an orthopedic surgeon before becoming a research scientist, became interested in stem cells as a way to potentially help patients suffering from spinal cord injuries, for which there are no treatments today. He decided to look for an alternative to embryonic stem cells in response to the controversy around the use of embryos for research. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’m hoping is that by using IPS cells, which are free from ethical issues, we can speed everything up,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though \u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/\">funding is available in California \u003c/a>for researchers using embryonic stem cells, federal funds have been subject to the political pendulum. President George W. Bush restricted funding in 2001. On his first day in office in 2009, President Obama overturned Bush’s decision and made federal funding available for the research. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Yamanaka was able to create IPS cells from mice adult cells. His big breakthrough came in 2007, when he created the embryonic-like cells from human skin cells. He then took these IPS cells, and using their ability to become any cell in the body, coaxed them into becoming heart cells. Proof of his success arrived in the form of an email from a researcher at his lab in Kyoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was in San Francisco. He sent me a video showing beating heart cells,” Yamanaka said. “But those heart cells were not from a heart. They were actually from skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this 2008 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/stem-cells-breakthrough.html\">NOVA ScienceNow video\u003c/a>, Yamanaka explains how he made his breakthrough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Treatments based on IPS cells would be based on their ability to become stem cells that could regenerate damaged cells in different organs. Yamanaka said that stem cell transplants on animals with spinal injuries have shown promising results in his lab. Clinical trials could be five years away, he said. He is also using IPS cells to test drugs against Lou Gehrig’s disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to bypassing the ethical issues, IPS cells have another advantage over embryonic stem cells. Because they’re created from patients’ own cells, they would be less likely to be rejected by their bodies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Yamanaka’s breakthrough, scientists have taken his cellular reprogramming techniques one step further and are now able to transform one type of adult cell directly into another, bypassing the stem cell stage altogether. Deepak Srivastava and his team at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-new-hope-for-heart-repair/\" title=\"New Hope for Heart Repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have created beating heart muscle cells in mice\u003c/a> from another type of heart cell that normally becomes scar tissue after a heart attack. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka is only the second Japanese scientist to win the Nobel Prize in medicine. In 1987, Susumo Tonegawa, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, received the award. Yamanaka said he plans to use his award money to fund young researchers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, 50, spends a few days each month in San Francisco working at the Gladstone Institutes, where he began his research career in 1993 as a postdoctoral fellow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lives in Osaka with his wife, a dermatologist, and two daughters, aged 22 and 20, both of whom are in medical school. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m the least busy person in my house,” he joked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell researcher Shinya Yamanaka talks about how he created embryonic-like stem cells from skin cells; when treatments might be available, and why researchers still need to study embryonic stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shinya Yamanaka, a stem cell researcher at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gladstone.ucsf.edu/\">Gladstone Institutes\u003c/a>, which is affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, has won this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with English researcher John B. Gurdon. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, who is also an investigator at Kyoto University, in Japan, and a professor of anatomy at UCSF, won the prize for developing a technology to create stem cells that can become any type of cell in the body. His method creates cells that are like embryonic stem cells, without using human embryos. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These so-called induced pluripotent stem cells, or IPS cells, could one day lead to cures for a wide range of diseases, from Parkinson’s to heart disease. And they bypass the ethical issues surrounding the use of human embryos for research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IPS cells are like embryonic stem cells in that they can be coaxed into becoming any type of cell in the body. But unlike embryonic stem cells, which are created from human embryos, IPS cells are developed by introducing a few genes into common adult cells like skin cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew that embryonic stem cells and skin cells, although they are very different, have the same blueprint, which consists of approximately 30,000 genes,” Yamanaka told KQED News during an interview at the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco in 2010. His method consisted in getting the skin cells to “read” the genes that give embryonic stem cells their qualities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_9072\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/Shinya-Yamanaka_9-14-10_JO_BEST_resized1.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, stem cell researcher at the Gladstone Institutes, in San Francisco, won the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine. \" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9072\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Shinya Yamanaka, stem cell researcher at the Gladstone Institutes, in San Francisco, won the 2012 Nobel Prize in medicine. \u003ccite>(Jenny Oh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In announcing the award today in Stockholm, Sweden, the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine said that “These groundbreaking discoveries have completely changed our view of the development and cellular specialization. We now understand that the mature cell does not have to be confined forever to its specialized state.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka won the award jointly with John B. Gurdon, from the University of Cambridge and the Gurdon Institute, in Cambridge, England. The Nobel Committee recognized Gurdon for his pioneering work in animal cloning. In 1962, Gurdon discovered that “the specialization of cells into different tissues is reversible,” said the Committee. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, who was an orthopedic surgeon before becoming a research scientist, became interested in stem cells as a way to potentially help patients suffering from spinal cord injuries, for which there are no treatments today. He decided to look for an alternative to embryonic stem cells in response to the controversy around the use of embryos for research. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I’m hoping is that by using IPS cells, which are free from ethical issues, we can speed everything up,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though \u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/\">funding is available in California \u003c/a>for researchers using embryonic stem cells, federal funds have been subject to the political pendulum. President George W. Bush restricted funding in 2001. On his first day in office in 2009, President Obama overturned Bush’s decision and made federal funding available for the research. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Yamanaka was able to create IPS cells from mice adult cells. His big breakthrough came in 2007, when he created the embryonic-like cells from human skin cells. He then took these IPS cells, and using their ability to become any cell in the body, coaxed them into becoming heart cells. Proof of his success arrived in the form of an email from a researcher at his lab in Kyoto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was in San Francisco. He sent me a video showing beating heart cells,” Yamanaka said. “But those heart cells were not from a heart. They were actually from skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this 2008 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/stem-cells-breakthrough.html\">NOVA ScienceNow video\u003c/a>, Yamanaka explains how he made his breakthrough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Treatments based on IPS cells would be based on their ability to become stem cells that could regenerate damaged cells in different organs. Yamanaka said that stem cell transplants on animals with spinal injuries have shown promising results in his lab. Clinical trials could be five years away, he said. He is also using IPS cells to test drugs against Lou Gehrig’s disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to bypassing the ethical issues, IPS cells have another advantage over embryonic stem cells. Because they’re created from patients’ own cells, they would be less likely to be rejected by their bodies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Yamanaka’s breakthrough, scientists have taken his cellular reprogramming techniques one step further and are now able to transform one type of adult cell directly into another, bypassing the stem cell stage altogether. Deepak Srivastava and his team at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-new-hope-for-heart-repair/\" title=\"New Hope for Heart Repair\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have created beating heart muscle cells in mice\u003c/a> from another type of heart cell that normally becomes scar tissue after a heart attack. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka is only the second Japanese scientist to win the Nobel Prize in medicine. In 1987, Susumo Tonegawa, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, received the award. Yamanaka said he plans to use his award money to fund young researchers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yamanaka, 50, spends a few days each month in San Francisco working at the Gladstone Institutes, where he began his research career in 1993 as a postdoctoral fellow. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lives in Osaka with his wife, a dermatologist, and two daughters, aged 22 and 20, both of whom are in medical school. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m the least busy person in my house,” he joked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell researcher Shinya Yamanaka talks about how he created embryonic-like stem cells from skin cells; when treatments might be available, and why researchers still need to study embryonic stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Should Men Get A PSA Blood Test To Screen For Prostate Cancer?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43147\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/OlderManDraw_JointBaseLewisMcChord_Flickr_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/OlderManDraw_JointBaseLewisMcChord_Flickr_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"OlderManDraw_JointBaseLewisMcChord_Flickr_640x360\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43147\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/OlderManDraw_JointBaseLewisMcChord_Flickr_640x360.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/OlderManDraw_JointBaseLewisMcChord_Flickr_640x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph courtesy of Joint Base Lewis McChord via Creative Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My brother-in-law was seemingly the healthiest person I knew. He regularly hiked steep hills as part of his job and kayaked intense oceans as part of his weekend play. He never even got a cold, so he rarely saw the doctor. Luckily he finally got a complete checkup when he turned 50, because it turned out that he had aggressive prostate cancer. This standard screening for prostate cancer in people who don’t have symptoms allowed him to be treated in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The basic check-up consists of a digital (finger) rectal exam to feel for prostate abnormalities and a simple blood test to measure the amount of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland that's present in small quantities for healthy men, but it's generally evaluated for men with prostate cancer and other prostate disorders. The goal of PSA screening is to detect prostate cancer early, so that it's easier to treat and more likely to be cured. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why has PSA screening recently become so controversial when it’s just a simple blood test? The main issue is that PSA screening isn’t good at distinguishing between aggressive life-threatening prostate cancer and slow-growing prostate cancer that may never spread. It can lead to unnecessary side effects from overtreatment of slow-growing prostate cancer, including a risk of incontinence and impotence. But it can also help find aggressive prostate cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This controversy escalated in May 2012 when a government panel of health experts called the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1166176\" title=\"Screening for Prostate Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement\">recommended\u003c/a> against PSA-based screening for prostate cancer for men of any age, stating that the benefits of screening don’t outweigh the harms of overtreatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USPSTF based its recommendation primarily on two large published randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effectiveness of PSA screening. The first is the U.S. Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial in which 76,685 men aged 55 to 74 years were randomly assigned to receive either annual PSA screening or “usual care.” The study found that slightly more prostate cancers were found in the PSA screened group, but the number of people that died from prostate cancer were about the same for both groups -- raising the question of whether men were harmed from overtreatment of cancers that weren’t life threatening. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1166178\" title=\"Response to USPSTF Recommendation\">PLCO study is inherently flawed\u003c/a> because 52% of the “usual care” control group also received PSA screening and 40% of the study participants received PSA screening before enrollment in the trial. In addition, there were compliance issues –- many patients with abnormal screening tests didn’t have a prompt biopsy as instructed. Since so many men in the “usual care” control group received PSA screening, it isn't surprising that the prostate cancer mortality rates were the same for both groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USPSTF also based its recommendation on the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) that randomly assigned 162,243 men aged 55 to 69 years to either PSA screening once every 4 years or an unscreened control group. This study initially found that prostate cancer deaths were reduced by 21% in the PSA screened group compared to the control group. After correcting for patients that did not follow the protocol-prescribed screening procedures, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19660851\" title=\"ERSPC results with data adjustments\">ERSPC found \u003c/a>that PSA screening actually reduced the risk for dying of prostate cancer by 31%. Many argue that this is a significant reduction. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ad hoc group of nationally recognized prostate cancer medical experts have argued against the USPSTF recommendations. This \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1166178\" title=\"Response to USPSTF recommendation\">group states\u003c/a>, “We believe that eliminating reimbursement for PSA testing would take us back to an era when prostate cancer was often discovered at advanced and incurable stages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The view of this group is supported by a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22847578\" title=\"PSA Screening: Analysis of Trends Over Time\">journal article\u003c/a> published in the July 2012 issue of Cancer. Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center estimated the total number of men in the current U.S. population who would have metastatic prostate cancer at initial diagnosis if PSA screening weren’t used. Such metastatic prostate cancer is usually \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22006014\" title=\"Prostate cancer: frequency of advanced disease at presentation and disease-specific mortality\">rapidly fatal\u003c/a> with a median survival of less than 1 year to 2.6 years, depending on age. The researchers used data from the \u003ca href=\"http://seer.cancer.gov/\" title=\"SEER\">Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results \u003c/a>Program to compute the number of men that had metastatic prostate cancer at first presentation for the years 1983 to 2008. The pre-PSA incidence rate was calculated for 1983-1985, the years just before the FDA approved PSA screening. This pre-PSA rate was then extrapolated onto the U.S. population for 2008. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that the there would be three times more men first presenting with metastatic prostate cancer today without the use of PSA screening. Specifically, they estimated that there would have been 25,000 men presenting with metastatic disease in 2008 in the absence of PSA-screening, instead of the 8,000 men that were actually observed using PSA-screening. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the uncertainty and controversy about PSA screening continues despite extensive research. Since I work in the field of prostate cancer research, friends and family members have asked my opinion. It seems to me that the new screening guidelines against PSA testing assume that ignorance is less stressful than having faith in your doctor; specifically, it's better to not even perform a simple PSA blood test because patients with low PSA levels are often over-treated. Why not just change how to treat patients with low PSA levels and repeat the blood test in 6 months to a year to see how quickly the PSA level rises -- since prostate cancer is more likely to cause a rapid rise in PSA levels? Is this common practice of “watchful waiting” by your doctor really more stressful than not having the blood test at all? For some, that simple blood test could also indicate that you have aggressive prostate cancer that has spread and needs immediate treatment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, I'm not a medical physician so it's important to speak about your health with your doctor. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/Cancer/news/News/task-force-recommends-against-routine-prostate-cancer-screenin\" title=\"American Cancer Society recommendation\">American Cancer Society\u003c/a> recommends that men discuss the possible risks and benefits of prostate cancer screening with their doctor before deciding whether to be screened. For men of average risk, testing typically begins at age 50. Men at higher risk (African-American men and men with a family history of prostate cancer), testing begins at age 45. Men need to make their own informed decision until researchers find a biomarker for prostate cancer that is better than PSA.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_43147\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/OlderManDraw_JointBaseLewisMcChord_Flickr_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/OlderManDraw_JointBaseLewisMcChord_Flickr_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"OlderManDraw_JointBaseLewisMcChord_Flickr_640x360\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-43147\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/OlderManDraw_JointBaseLewisMcChord_Flickr_640x360.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/08/OlderManDraw_JointBaseLewisMcChord_Flickr_640x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photograph courtesy of Joint Base Lewis McChord via Creative Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My brother-in-law was seemingly the healthiest person I knew. He regularly hiked steep hills as part of his job and kayaked intense oceans as part of his weekend play. He never even got a cold, so he rarely saw the doctor. Luckily he finally got a complete checkup when he turned 50, because it turned out that he had aggressive prostate cancer. This standard screening for prostate cancer in people who don’t have symptoms allowed him to be treated in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The basic check-up consists of a digital (finger) rectal exam to feel for prostate abnormalities and a simple blood test to measure the amount of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland that's present in small quantities for healthy men, but it's generally evaluated for men with prostate cancer and other prostate disorders. The goal of PSA screening is to detect prostate cancer early, so that it's easier to treat and more likely to be cured. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why has PSA screening recently become so controversial when it’s just a simple blood test? The main issue is that PSA screening isn’t good at distinguishing between aggressive life-threatening prostate cancer and slow-growing prostate cancer that may never spread. It can lead to unnecessary side effects from overtreatment of slow-growing prostate cancer, including a risk of incontinence and impotence. But it can also help find aggressive prostate cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This controversy escalated in May 2012 when a government panel of health experts called the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1166176\" title=\"Screening for Prostate Cancer: USPSTF Recommendation Statement\">recommended\u003c/a> against PSA-based screening for prostate cancer for men of any age, stating that the benefits of screening don’t outweigh the harms of overtreatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USPSTF based its recommendation primarily on two large published randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effectiveness of PSA screening. The first is the U.S. Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial in which 76,685 men aged 55 to 74 years were randomly assigned to receive either annual PSA screening or “usual care.” The study found that slightly more prostate cancers were found in the PSA screened group, but the number of people that died from prostate cancer were about the same for both groups -- raising the question of whether men were harmed from overtreatment of cancers that weren’t life threatening. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1166178\" title=\"Response to USPSTF Recommendation\">PLCO study is inherently flawed\u003c/a> because 52% of the “usual care” control group also received PSA screening and 40% of the study participants received PSA screening before enrollment in the trial. In addition, there were compliance issues –- many patients with abnormal screening tests didn’t have a prompt biopsy as instructed. Since so many men in the “usual care” control group received PSA screening, it isn't surprising that the prostate cancer mortality rates were the same for both groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USPSTF also based its recommendation on the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) that randomly assigned 162,243 men aged 55 to 69 years to either PSA screening once every 4 years or an unscreened control group. This study initially found that prostate cancer deaths were reduced by 21% in the PSA screened group compared to the control group. After correcting for patients that did not follow the protocol-prescribed screening procedures, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19660851\" title=\"ERSPC results with data adjustments\">ERSPC found \u003c/a>that PSA screening actually reduced the risk for dying of prostate cancer by 31%. Many argue that this is a significant reduction. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ad hoc group of nationally recognized prostate cancer medical experts have argued against the USPSTF recommendations. This \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1166178\" title=\"Response to USPSTF recommendation\">group states\u003c/a>, “We believe that eliminating reimbursement for PSA testing would take us back to an era when prostate cancer was often discovered at advanced and incurable stages.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The view of this group is supported by a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22847578\" title=\"PSA Screening: Analysis of Trends Over Time\">journal article\u003c/a> published in the July 2012 issue of Cancer. Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center estimated the total number of men in the current U.S. population who would have metastatic prostate cancer at initial diagnosis if PSA screening weren’t used. Such metastatic prostate cancer is usually \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22006014\" title=\"Prostate cancer: frequency of advanced disease at presentation and disease-specific mortality\">rapidly fatal\u003c/a> with a median survival of less than 1 year to 2.6 years, depending on age. The researchers used data from the \u003ca href=\"http://seer.cancer.gov/\" title=\"SEER\">Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results \u003c/a>Program to compute the number of men that had metastatic prostate cancer at first presentation for the years 1983 to 2008. The pre-PSA incidence rate was calculated for 1983-1985, the years just before the FDA approved PSA screening. This pre-PSA rate was then extrapolated onto the U.S. population for 2008. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that the there would be three times more men first presenting with metastatic prostate cancer today without the use of PSA screening. Specifically, they estimated that there would have been 25,000 men presenting with metastatic disease in 2008 in the absence of PSA-screening, instead of the 8,000 men that were actually observed using PSA-screening. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the uncertainty and controversy about PSA screening continues despite extensive research. Since I work in the field of prostate cancer research, friends and family members have asked my opinion. It seems to me that the new screening guidelines against PSA testing assume that ignorance is less stressful than having faith in your doctor; specifically, it's better to not even perform a simple PSA blood test because patients with low PSA levels are often over-treated. Why not just change how to treat patients with low PSA levels and repeat the blood test in 6 months to a year to see how quickly the PSA level rises -- since prostate cancer is more likely to cause a rapid rise in PSA levels? Is this common practice of “watchful waiting” by your doctor really more stressful than not having the blood test at all? For some, that simple blood test could also indicate that you have aggressive prostate cancer that has spread and needs immediate treatment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
},
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
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"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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