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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956941\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956941\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Melanie Ott, senior investigator with the Gladstone Institutes, speaks at a panel on the 2019 novel coronavirus on Feb. 6, 2020. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Virus experts from the University of California, San Francisco and the Gladstone Institutes research organization gathered recently to update the public about the risks associated with the \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003ci>2019 novel coronavirus\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> that first surfaced in Wuhan City, China and has infected tens of thousands of people worldwide.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The panel discussion, called “Understanding the Wuhan Coronavirus,” was held Thursday, Feb. 6 at Gladstone’s San Francisco headquarters. Here are some the COVID-19 basics the panelists addressed at the event.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Part of a Large Family of Viruses\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the term “coronavirus” may be new to people in the United States, this strain belongs to a large family of viruses that include the common cold and more serious diseases like \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/csr/sars/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Warner Greene, director of Gladstone’s Center for HIV Cure Research, said, “10 to 30 percent of colds are caused by one form or another of a coronavirus\u003ci>.\u003c/i>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the preliminary research shows that this virus may spread more easily among humans than SARS or MERS, but it appears to be less lethal. Researchers estimate the mortality rate of COVID-19 at about 2 percent, compared with about 9 percent for SARS and more than 30 percent for MERS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene added that it’s still too early to know this for sure because the data are “rapidly evolving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“\u003c/i>My message,” he said, “is that this is an outbreak. It’s not an epidemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other panelists said \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">influenza\u003c/a> poses a greater threat to public health compared to this novel coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In general, around 35,000 people die every year of the seasonal flu,” Greene said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far this flu season, the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/preliminary-in-season-estimates.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates\u003c/a> that more than 20 million people in the United States have contracted influenza, and more than 10,000 have died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 15 people in the U.S. have so far tested positive for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Tracking the Virus\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have traced COVID-19, and viruses like it, to bats. Animal-to-human transmission, however, typically occurs through a secondary host. Scientists have traced the MERS outbreak to palm civets (a cat-like mammal), and SARS to camels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene said public health experts don’t yet know the secondary host for this strain of coronavirus, but they believe the outbreak began at a seafood market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Charles Chiu, director of the UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, said the initial animal-to-human transmission likely occurred in late November or early December of 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since then, there’s been no evidence of ongoing animal-to-human transmission events. All of the outbreak has essentially been sustained by human to human transmission,” Chiu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panelists said a shortage of samples has limited their research. Chiu said scientists do have access to at least 60 genome sequences of the strain from different patients. From these sequences, scientists have discovered only seven mutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The virus, in general, is not regarded as a very fast mutating virus. This is unlike other viruses that we have that can adapt very fast,” said Dr. Melanie Ott, a senior investigator with the Gladstone Institutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be a boon to researchers working on vaccines and treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Containing the Outbreak\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At present there is no cure or vaccine specific to COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ott said at least three companies have publicly announced the development of a vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Interest in making a vaccine is very high currently,” she said, “… either with a DNA and RNA, or with a nanoparticle vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ott added that physicians are in the process of testing antiviral drugs for the flu, HIV, MERS and ebola in patients with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers with the National Institutes of Health’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-officials-discuss-novel-coronavirus-recently-emerged-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases\u003c/a> say vaccine candidates could be available for human testing in about three months. But it will likely take about a year to complete validation and safety evaluations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene said public health measures hold the key to containing the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SARS was not controlled by medicines or a vaccine. It was controlled by public health interventions, tracking infections, limiting contact of infected individuals with others. And certainly in the absence of appropriate vaccines and and highly active drugs, that’s exactly what will be undertaken here,” Greene said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that a strain on resources is the big challenge for health officials in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now see or are hearing reports that in Wuhan that there are sick individuals who are wandering from hospital to hospital trying to get care. They’re running out of supplies. The medical system is completely stressed,” Greene said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike the the more pervasive flu, he said, this novel coronavirus doesn’t have “the same type of seasonality,” meaning, once contained, it likely won’t resurface each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Masks Not Generally Recommended\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC doesn’t recommend masks for most people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Medical personnel in close contact caring for patients with chronic viruses should take all precautions. But in terms of day-to-day interactions, hand-washing is far more effective,” Greene said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC does recommend masks for patients with the virus, people in their households and hospital staff treating them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“\u003c/i>The final message I think we want,” Greene said, “is we should be watchful…we should follow this outbreak, but we should be secure in the fact that the apocalypse is not upon us. This is a viral outbreak that is running its course now.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956941\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1956941\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/IMG_6156.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Melanie Ott, senior investigator with the Gladstone Institutes, speaks at a panel on the 2019 novel coronavirus on Feb. 6, 2020. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED Science)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Virus experts from the University of California, San Francisco and the Gladstone Institutes research organization gathered recently to update the public about the risks associated with the \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003ci>2019 novel coronavirus\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> that first surfaced in Wuhan City, China and has infected tens of thousands of people worldwide.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>The panel discussion, called “Understanding the Wuhan Coronavirus,” was held Thursday, Feb. 6 at Gladstone’s San Francisco headquarters. Here are some the COVID-19 basics the panelists addressed at the event.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Part of a Large Family of Viruses\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the term “coronavirus” may be new to people in the United States, this strain belongs to a large family of viruses that include the common cold and more serious diseases like \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/csr/sars/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Warner Greene, director of Gladstone’s Center for HIV Cure Research, said, “10 to 30 percent of colds are caused by one form or another of a coronavirus\u003ci>.\u003c/i>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the preliminary research shows that this virus may spread more easily among humans than SARS or MERS, but it appears to be less lethal. Researchers estimate the mortality rate of COVID-19 at about 2 percent, compared with about 9 percent for SARS and more than 30 percent for MERS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene added that it’s still too early to know this for sure because the data are “rapidly evolving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“\u003c/i>My message,” he said, “is that this is an outbreak. It’s not an epidemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and other panelists said \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/viruses/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">influenza\u003c/a> poses a greater threat to public health compared to this novel coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In general, around 35,000 people die every year of the seasonal flu,” Greene said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far this flu season, the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/preliminary-in-season-estimates.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates\u003c/a> that more than 20 million people in the United States have contracted influenza, and more than 10,000 have died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 15 people in the U.S. have so far tested positive for COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Tracking the Virus\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have traced COVID-19, and viruses like it, to bats. Animal-to-human transmission, however, typically occurs through a secondary host. Scientists have traced the MERS outbreak to palm civets (a cat-like mammal), and SARS to camels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene said public health experts don’t yet know the secondary host for this strain of coronavirus, but they believe the outbreak began at a seafood market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Charles Chiu, director of the UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Center, said the initial animal-to-human transmission likely occurred in late November or early December of 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since then, there’s been no evidence of ongoing animal-to-human transmission events. All of the outbreak has essentially been sustained by human to human transmission,” Chiu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panelists said a shortage of samples has limited their research. Chiu said scientists do have access to at least 60 genome sequences of the strain from different patients. From these sequences, scientists have discovered only seven mutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The virus, in general, is not regarded as a very fast mutating virus. This is unlike other viruses that we have that can adapt very fast,” said Dr. Melanie Ott, a senior investigator with the Gladstone Institutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may be a boon to researchers working on vaccines and treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Containing the Outbreak\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At present there is no cure or vaccine specific to COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ott said at least three companies have publicly announced the development of a vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Interest in making a vaccine is very high currently,” she said, “… either with a DNA and RNA, or with a nanoparticle vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ott added that physicians are in the process of testing antiviral drugs for the flu, HIV, MERS and ebola in patients with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers with the National Institutes of Health’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-officials-discuss-novel-coronavirus-recently-emerged-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases\u003c/a> say vaccine candidates could be available for human testing in about three months. But it will likely take about a year to complete validation and safety evaluations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene said public health measures hold the key to containing the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SARS was not controlled by medicines or a vaccine. It was controlled by public health interventions, tracking infections, limiting contact of infected individuals with others. And certainly in the absence of appropriate vaccines and and highly active drugs, that’s exactly what will be undertaken here,” Greene said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that a strain on resources is the big challenge for health officials in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now see or are hearing reports that in Wuhan that there are sick individuals who are wandering from hospital to hospital trying to get care. They’re running out of supplies. The medical system is completely stressed,” Greene said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike the the more pervasive flu, he said, this novel coronavirus doesn’t have “the same type of seasonality,” meaning, once contained, it likely won’t resurface each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Masks Not Generally Recommended\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC doesn’t recommend masks for most people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Medical personnel in close contact caring for patients with chronic viruses should take all precautions. But in terms of day-to-day interactions, hand-washing is far more effective,” Greene said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC does recommend masks for patients with the virus, people in their households and hospital staff treating them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“\u003c/i>The final message I think we want,” Greene said, “is we should be watchful…we should follow this outbreak, but we should be secure in the fact that the apocalypse is not upon us. This is a viral outbreak that is running its course now.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Coronavirus Vaccine at Least a Year Away: NIH Official",
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"content": "\u003cp>No major pharmaceutical company has come forward to say it would manufacture a novel coronavirus vaccine, currently being developed by the National Institutes of Health, a top U.S. official acknowledged Tuesday, a reality that he called “very difficult and very frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The comments by Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, highlight how challenging it could be to translate the NIH’s work, being undertaken in partnership with the biotech company Moderna Therapeutics, into a vaccine that could be marketed. Fauci described the circumstances as challenging. “Companies that have the skill to be able to do it are not going to just sit around and have a warm facility, ready to go for when you need it,” Fauci said, speaking on a panel Tuesday hosted by the Aspen Institute and moderated by STAT’s Helen Branswell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci said it would be at least a year before a coronavirus vaccine would be available. However, that timeline assumes a large pharmaceutical manufacturer does step up to help make the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine being developed by the NIH and Moderna uses mRNA technology and is being funded by the Oslo, Norway-based Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. CEPI is funding three other efforts to develop a vaccine for the novel coronavirus. None of those partners, however, have the kind of commercial facilities that major pharmaceutical makers have and that would be capable of making the product in bulk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson & Johnson has announced it is interested in developing its own coronavirus vaccine. On Tuesday, the company’s vaccine division, Janssen, said it would partner with the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services to develop that vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the agency’s director, Rick Bright, said “speed is crucial to saving lives and reducing further spread of the virus. Janssen is a proven partner with a flexible, rapid, vaccine platform.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major drug makers, including Merck and GlaxoSmithKline, have stepped in to manufacture vaccines for previous public health emergencies. The vaccine against Ebola recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration and European regulators was manufactured by Merck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At other times, however, companies have responded in public health crises to develop vaccines, only to have those crises fade and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/01/11/vaccines-drug-makers/\">be left with the enormous sunk costs\u003c/a> of having to develop products for which there was no longer a market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we were doing this with Ebola, it was a major vaccine company that got burned who’s now pulling out of that,” Fauci added, without naming the company. “It is going to be a challenge to be able to get a major company to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5faOFdMfti8&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking alongside Fauci at the event was Ron Klain, who served as Ebola czar in the Obama administration and who echoed concerns that drug makers may be wary of getting involved again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t work for the companies, I’m not like a drug company fan,” Klain said, “but there’s no question that a lot of them lost a lot of money trying to produce an Ebola vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>No major pharmaceutical company has come forward to say it would manufacture a novel coronavirus vaccine, currently being developed by the National Institutes of Health, a top U.S. official acknowledged Tuesday, a reality that he called “very difficult and very frustrating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The comments by Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, highlight how challenging it could be to translate the NIH’s work, being undertaken in partnership with the biotech company Moderna Therapeutics, into a vaccine that could be marketed. Fauci described the circumstances as challenging. “Companies that have the skill to be able to do it are not going to just sit around and have a warm facility, ready to go for when you need it,” Fauci said, speaking on a panel Tuesday hosted by the Aspen Institute and moderated by STAT’s Helen Branswell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci said it would be at least a year before a coronavirus vaccine would be available. However, that timeline assumes a large pharmaceutical manufacturer does step up to help make the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine being developed by the NIH and Moderna uses mRNA technology and is being funded by the Oslo, Norway-based Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. CEPI is funding three other efforts to develop a vaccine for the novel coronavirus. None of those partners, however, have the kind of commercial facilities that major pharmaceutical makers have and that would be capable of making the product in bulk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson & Johnson has announced it is interested in developing its own coronavirus vaccine. On Tuesday, the company’s vaccine division, Janssen, said it would partner with the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, an agency of the Department of Health and Human Services to develop that vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the agency’s director, Rick Bright, said “speed is crucial to saving lives and reducing further spread of the virus. Janssen is a proven partner with a flexible, rapid, vaccine platform.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major drug makers, including Merck and GlaxoSmithKline, have stepped in to manufacture vaccines for previous public health emergencies. The vaccine against Ebola recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration and European regulators was manufactured by Merck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At other times, however, companies have responded in public health crises to develop vaccines, only to have those crises fade and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/01/11/vaccines-drug-makers/\">be left with the enormous sunk costs\u003c/a> of having to develop products for which there was no longer a market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we were doing this with Ebola, it was a major vaccine company that got burned who’s now pulling out of that,” Fauci added, without naming the company. “It is going to be a challenge to be able to get a major company to do that.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/5faOFdMfti8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/5faOFdMfti8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Speaking alongside Fauci at the event was Ron Klain, who served as Ebola czar in the Obama administration and who echoed concerns that drug makers may be wary of getting involved again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t work for the companies, I’m not like a drug company fan,” Klain said, “but there’s no question that a lot of them lost a lot of money trying to produce an Ebola vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Wednesday, Feb. 12: \u003c/strong>The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced at a news conference today that preliminary trials of the COVID-19 diagnostic testing kits it sent to some states produced inconclusive results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health had previously stated that diagnostic testing for COVID-19 at California labs could begin as early as Wednesday, Feb. 12. The agency will delay that testing until the state receives new materials from the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to KQED Science, CDPH representatives said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“The California Department of Public Health has been informed that after consultation and agreement with the FDA, the CDC is manufacturing a replacement component of the test kit to better ensure quality control. The California Department of Public Health remains poised to start testing for 2019 novel coronavirus upon receiving those materials.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post, Tuesday, Feb. 11:\u003c/strong> State health officials say labs throughout California will soon begin testing for the 2019 novel coronavirus the World Health Organization recently named COVID-19. So far, seven people in California have been diagnosed with the flu-like disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR20-004.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a> announced that 16 labs are receiving the testing kits developed by the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, hospitals throughout the U.S., in collaboration with state and local health departments, shipped samples to the CDC’s laboratory in Atlanta for testing. Results could take up to a week to confirm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDPH says it expects results from local testing within two days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Testing here will allow us to get results faster for patient care and protecting public health,” Dr. Sonia Angell, California Department of Public Health Director, said in a video posted online Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CAPublicHealth/status/1225968747246043143\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDPH’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/VRDL.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory\u003c/a> in Richmond, California is one of the labs getting ready to begin testing. A spokesperson confirmed that the Richmond lab will have the capacity to run about 40 to 50 COVID-19 diagnostic tests a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC-developed test is a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, or RRT-PCR, test that’s similar to others performed in the state’s labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR20-004.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a>, CDPH said the agency’s local partners expect to start testing within a couple of weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Wednesday, Feb. 12: \u003c/strong>The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced at a news conference today that preliminary trials of the COVID-19 diagnostic testing kits it sent to some states produced inconclusive results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health had previously stated that diagnostic testing for COVID-19 at California labs could begin as early as Wednesday, Feb. 12. The agency will delay that testing until the state receives new materials from the CDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to KQED Science, CDPH representatives said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“The California Department of Public Health has been informed that after consultation and agreement with the FDA, the CDC is manufacturing a replacement component of the test kit to better ensure quality control. The California Department of Public Health remains poised to start testing for 2019 novel coronavirus upon receiving those materials.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post, Tuesday, Feb. 11:\u003c/strong> State health officials say labs throughout California will soon begin testing for the 2019 novel coronavirus the World Health Organization recently named COVID-19. So far, seven people in California have been diagnosed with the flu-like disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR20-004.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a> announced that 16 labs are receiving the testing kits developed by the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, hospitals throughout the U.S., in collaboration with state and local health departments, shipped samples to the CDC’s laboratory in Atlanta for testing. Results could take up to a week to confirm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDPH says it expects results from local testing within two days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Testing here will allow us to get results faster for patient care and protecting public health,” Dr. Sonia Angell, California Department of Public Health Director, said in a video posted online Friday.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>CDPH’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/VRDL.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory\u003c/a> in Richmond, California is one of the labs getting ready to begin testing. A spokesperson confirmed that the Richmond lab will have the capacity to run about 40 to 50 COVID-19 diagnostic tests a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC-developed test is a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, or RRT-PCR, test that’s similar to others performed in the state’s labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR20-004.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">press release\u003c/a>, CDPH said the agency’s local partners expect to start testing within a couple of weeks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Government Plans to Expand DNA Collection From Migrant Detainees",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration has launched a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/10/22/2019-22877/dna-sample-collection-from-immigration-detainees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pilot program\u003c/a> to collect DNA samples from migrants in two locations with plans to expand nationwide. The data is sent to the FBI and entered into a criminal database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/privacy-pia-dhs080-detaineedna-january2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo\u003c/a> from the federal Department of Homeland Security says, “prompt DNA-sample collection could be essential to the detection and solution of crimes [aliens] may have committed or may commit in the United States.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration also argues collecting DNA will stop migrant adults from smuggling children across the border and falsely posing as their parents. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant advocates counter that the program will not reduce criminal activity or help solve crimes because \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/02/607652253/studies-say-illegal-immigration-does-not-increase-violent-crime\">multiple studies\u003c/a> show that illegal immigration does not result in more lawlessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The U.S. Border Patrol agents are learning how to collect DNA from a training video provided by the FBI. People who refuse to submit samples could face misdemeanor charges. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Whose DNA is Collected? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Federal agents are collecting cheek swabs from people as young as 14 who are in immigration custody at two U.S. locations: at the Canadian border in and around Detroit, and at the official port of entry in Eagle Pass, Texas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal permanent residents and those planning to enter the country legally will not be required to submit samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The pilot program began on Jan. 6 and will continue for 90 days. The government plans to expand the program nationwide. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At present, more than 40,000 people are in medium or long term detention. About a million people circulate through immigration custody each year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote]“It casts Latinos as would-be criminals. The racial profiling of this program is unconscionable.” Charleen Adams, geneticist[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">People land in detention for a variety of reasons: crossing the border illegally, seeking asylum, work site raids, or overstaying a visa. Most \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">detainees have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>. However, migrants’ DNA\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> samples are registered and held in perpetuity in the FBI criminal database, the Combined Index Data System (CODIS). Historically, that archive has housed genetic information from people who have been arrested, charged or convicted in relation to serious crimes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Privacy Concerns\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Civil rights advocates worry the expanded genetic testing compromises the privacy of people in detention and their families. Some scientists fear the information could wrongfully target a vulnerable population and lead to false criminal convictions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vera Eidelman, a staff lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union’s Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project, calls the program population surveillance. She said the government could use the genetic information to locate family members or even deny people health insurance because DNA is much more powerful than a fingerprint. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not simply identify me as Vera,” Eidelman said. “It also says Vera is related to x, y and z other people. By the way, she also has the BRCA gene or other propensities for medical conditions. It is not simply about identity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Hank Greely, a bioethicist at Stanford University, worries less than Eidelman about these potential uses. Although it is not explicitly clear what genetic information the government will catalog, experts assume it’s the 20 markers that make up the typical DNA profile in the FBI database. This is not a detailed analysis. It’s much less information than a 23andMe or Ancestry.com test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you had a kid at the border and wanted to know whether its father was in the CODIS database,” Greely said in an email, “you would likely get hundreds of hits, whether or not the father actually was in the database. That’s not very helpful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said the government’s efforts to collect DNA are a waste of money because, in his opinion, it’s unlikely the current administration will allow many of the detainees into the country so the likelihood they’ll commit crimes here is also limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is no good reason to collect personal data, including DNA data, and it isn’t being done voluntarily, then it’s unethical: some risk for no gain is not ethical,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is not the first time DNA collection efforts have alarmed civil rights advocates. California and other states already collect samples from anyone \u003cem>arrested\u003c/em> for a felony offense. That has helped to solve crimes, but the practice is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.governing.com/topics/public-justice-safety/tns-california-dna-supreme-court.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">controversial\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Possible Wrongful Convictions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists fear the program could put the wrong people behind bars because DNA is not foolproof. Someone’s DNA could end up at a crime scene they’ve never visited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We pick it [DNA] up and we do transfer it,” said Greg Hampikian, a forensic geneticist at Boise State University. “It’s in the hair we leave behind. It’s on our clothing, cups and utensils.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">DNA can pass between people at a public laundromat, on a toilet seat or even in a bag of donated clothes, and it can last for decades. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“DNA is really excellent at identifying people,” Hampikian said. “It is really poor at telling us how it got there.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infamous Amanda Knox trial is an example of how DNA can snare innocent people. In 2007 in Perugia, Italy the 20-year-old American college student was accused of stabbing her UK housemate to death. Some of Knox’s DNA was found on the handle of a kitchen knife. A speck of the victim’s DNA was on the blade. Knox spent four years in prison before an appeals court released her, only to be found guilty again. Finally in 2015, after Italian DNA experts reviewed the case Knox was pronounced not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Americans find DNA evidence strongly persuasive. A 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/1603/crime.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gallup poll\u003c/a> showed that 85 percent of Americans consider DNA evidence to be very or completely convincing. Once a DNA sample is entered into a trial as evidence it is very difficult to convince a jury the accused is innocent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Future Implications\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Charleen Adams, a geneticist at City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, Calif., \u003c/span>worries the program sets people up to distrust researchers. She\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>noted that people who are forced to relinquish their genetic information at the border may later refuse to volunteer for studies that could directly benefit them, like research on breast cancer in Latinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I feel appalled that that this would slip through without discussion because it is dangerous,” Adams said. “It casts Latinos as would-be criminals. The racial profiling of this program is unconscionable.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cybersecurity, she added, is never guaranteed. If the data were to be hacked, they could be used to deny a person employment. Adams also worries about sampling errors at the border, or lab mix-ups that could lead to false negatives or false positives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration has launched a \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/10/22/2019-22877/dna-sample-collection-from-immigration-detainees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pilot program\u003c/a> to collect DNA samples from migrants in two locations with plans to expand nationwide. The data is sent to the FBI and entered into a criminal database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/privacy-pia-dhs080-detaineedna-january2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">memo\u003c/a> from the federal Department of Homeland Security says, “prompt DNA-sample collection could be essential to the detection and solution of crimes [aliens] may have committed or may commit in the United States.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Trump administration also argues collecting DNA will stop migrant adults from smuggling children across the border and falsely posing as their parents. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant advocates counter that the program will not reduce criminal activity or help solve crimes because \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/05/02/607652253/studies-say-illegal-immigration-does-not-increase-violent-crime\">multiple studies\u003c/a> show that illegal immigration does not result in more lawlessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The U.S. Border Patrol agents are learning how to collect DNA from a training video provided by the FBI. People who refuse to submit samples could face misdemeanor charges. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Whose DNA is Collected? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Federal agents are collecting cheek swabs from people as young as 14 who are in immigration custody at two U.S. locations: at the Canadian border in and around Detroit, and at the official port of entry in Eagle Pass, Texas.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal permanent residents and those planning to enter the country legally will not be required to submit samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The pilot program began on Jan. 6 and will continue for 90 days. The government plans to expand the program nationwide. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At present, more than 40,000 people are in medium or long term detention. About a million people circulate through immigration custody each year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "“It casts Latinos as would-be criminals. The racial profiling of this program is unconscionable.” Charleen Adams, geneticist",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">People land in detention for a variety of reasons: crossing the border illegally, seeking asylum, work site raids, or overstaying a visa. Most \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">detainees have \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/583/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">no criminal record\u003c/a>. However, migrants’ DNA\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> samples are registered and held in perpetuity in the FBI criminal database, the Combined Index Data System (CODIS). Historically, that archive has housed genetic information from people who have been arrested, charged or convicted in relation to serious crimes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Privacy Concerns\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Civil rights advocates worry the expanded genetic testing compromises the privacy of people in detention and their families. Some scientists fear the information could wrongfully target a vulnerable population and lead to false criminal convictions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vera Eidelman, a staff lawyer with the American Civil Liberties Union’s Speech, Privacy, and Technology Project, calls the program population surveillance. She said the government could use the genetic information to locate family members or even deny people health insurance because DNA is much more powerful than a fingerprint. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not simply identify me as Vera,” Eidelman said. “It also says Vera is related to x, y and z other people. By the way, she also has the BRCA gene or other propensities for medical conditions. It is not simply about identity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Hank Greely, a bioethicist at Stanford University, worries less than Eidelman about these potential uses. Although it is not explicitly clear what genetic information the government will catalog, experts assume it’s the 20 markers that make up the typical DNA profile in the FBI database. This is not a detailed analysis. It’s much less information than a 23andMe or Ancestry.com test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you had a kid at the border and wanted to know whether its father was in the CODIS database,” Greely said in an email, “you would likely get hundreds of hits, whether or not the father actually was in the database. That’s not very helpful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said the government’s efforts to collect DNA are a waste of money because, in his opinion, it’s unlikely the current administration will allow many of the detainees into the country so the likelihood they’ll commit crimes here is also limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there is no good reason to collect personal data, including DNA data, and it isn’t being done voluntarily, then it’s unethical: some risk for no gain is not ethical,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is not the first time DNA collection efforts have alarmed civil rights advocates. California and other states already collect samples from anyone \u003cem>arrested\u003c/em> for a felony offense. That has helped to solve crimes, but the practice is also \u003ca href=\"https://www.governing.com/topics/public-justice-safety/tns-california-dna-supreme-court.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">controversial\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Possible Wrongful Convictions\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists fear the program could put the wrong people behind bars because DNA is not foolproof. Someone’s DNA could end up at a crime scene they’ve never visited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We pick it [DNA] up and we do transfer it,” said Greg Hampikian, a forensic geneticist at Boise State University. “It’s in the hair we leave behind. It’s on our clothing, cups and utensils.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">DNA can pass between people at a public laundromat, on a toilet seat or even in a bag of donated clothes, and it can last for decades. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“DNA is really excellent at identifying people,” Hampikian said. “It is really poor at telling us how it got there.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infamous Amanda Knox trial is an example of how DNA can snare innocent people. In 2007 in Perugia, Italy the 20-year-old American college student was accused of stabbing her UK housemate to death. Some of Knox’s DNA was found on the handle of a kitchen knife. A speck of the victim’s DNA was on the blade. Knox spent four years in prison before an appeals court released her, only to be found guilty again. Finally in 2015, after Italian DNA experts reviewed the case Knox was pronounced not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Americans find DNA evidence strongly persuasive. A 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/1603/crime.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gallup poll\u003c/a> showed that 85 percent of Americans consider DNA evidence to be very or completely convincing. Once a DNA sample is entered into a trial as evidence it is very difficult to convince a jury the accused is innocent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Future Implications\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Charleen Adams, a geneticist at City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, Calif., \u003c/span>worries the program sets people up to distrust researchers. She\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>noted that people who are forced to relinquish their genetic information at the border may later refuse to volunteer for studies that could directly benefit them, like research on breast cancer in Latinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I feel appalled that that this would slip through without discussion because it is dangerous,” Adams said. “It casts Latinos as would-be criminals. The racial profiling of this program is unconscionable.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cybersecurity, she added, is never guaranteed. If the data were to be hacked, they could be used to deny a person employment. Adams also worries about sampling errors at the border, or lab mix-ups that could lead to false negatives or false positives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Army Sergeant Jonathan Lubecky returned to the U.S. from Iraq more than a decade ago, simple activities, like family trips to theme parks or the county fair, overwhelmed him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalls “panic attacks, intrusive thoughts. I’d get auditory and olfactory flashbacks.” Along with an “intense fear that bad things were about to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d spent some of his deployment at a base in Iraq that caught mortar fire thousands of times, he says. One mortar even landed next to a porta-potty while he was inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his return home, doctors diagnosed him with a traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lubecky could not find mental and emotional relief. He tried all kinds of treatment: talk therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and multiple medications. None of them worked. Suicidal thoughts plagued him for eight years. He says he tried to kill himself five times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of options, he enrolled in a clinical trial that used psychedelic-assisted therapy. The drug was MDMA — also known as Ecstasy or Molly. Lubecky says it worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I literally went from being in a VA facility inpatient [program] to being Senator Rand Paul’s national veterans director in his presidential campaign in two years because of this therapy,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956707\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1956707 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-800x636.jpg\" alt=\"Jonathan Lubecky and stepson Joey Monteleone in Washington, D.C. before visiting the White House in 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"636\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-800x636.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-160x127.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-768x610.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-1020x810.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-1920x1525.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jonathan Lubecky and stepson Joey Monteleone in Washington, D.C. before visiting the White House in 2019. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jonathan Lubecky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Until recently, only participants in clinical trials could qualify for MDMA-assisted therapy. Now the federal Food and Drug Administration has granted researchers what it calls “expanded access.” That means people who can’t find relief other ways — who are “treatment-resistant” — can get this therapy before the FDA approves it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Doblin established and runs the \u003ca href=\"https://maps.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Multidisciplinary Associations for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS)\u003c/a>, the nonprofit conducting the MDMA-assisted therapy trials in the U.S., Canada, and Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin said the FDA’s move is “a sign that we’re getting over ‘the psychedelic 60s’ — that the FDA is really more science over politics now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The FDA is recognizing that there’s a humanitarian crisis with many, many millions of people that have treatment-resistant PTSD,” Doblin says. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs estimates that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/common/common_adults.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">8 million adults have PTSD\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That disorder results from combat, Doblin says, but also from sexual assault and other trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those treated with MDMA, \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-019-05249-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">54% no longer had PTSD symptoms\u003c/a> after therapy. Researchers found that number increased to 68% a year after treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Controlled Substances Act classifies MDMA as an illegal Schedule 1 drug. While the FDA is expanding access to just 50 people beyond the clinical trial, Doblin and his team hope to increase that number, and to see the FDA approve the treatment by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lubecky, the Army veteran, now works for MAPS as its Veterans and Governmental Affairs Liaison. He says making this treatment available to even a small number of people could mean the difference between life and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The MDMA-assisted therapy,” he says, “is the reason that my stepson Joey has a father instead of a folded flag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Army Sergeant Jonathan Lubecky returned to the U.S. from Iraq more than a decade ago, simple activities, like family trips to theme parks or the county fair, overwhelmed him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalls “panic attacks, intrusive thoughts. I’d get auditory and olfactory flashbacks.” Along with an “intense fear that bad things were about to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d spent some of his deployment at a base in Iraq that caught mortar fire thousands of times, he says. One mortar even landed next to a porta-potty while he was inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his return home, doctors diagnosed him with a traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder, or PTSD.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lubecky could not find mental and emotional relief. He tried all kinds of treatment: talk therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and multiple medications. None of them worked. Suicidal thoughts plagued him for eight years. He says he tried to kill himself five times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Out of options, he enrolled in a clinical trial that used psychedelic-assisted therapy. The drug was MDMA — also known as Ecstasy or Molly. Lubecky says it worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I literally went from being in a VA facility inpatient [program] to being Senator Rand Paul’s national veterans director in his presidential campaign in two years because of this therapy,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956707\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1956707 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-800x636.jpg\" alt=\"Jonathan Lubecky and stepson Joey Monteleone in Washington, D.C. before visiting the White House in 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"636\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-800x636.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-160x127.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-768x610.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-1020x810.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/02/RS41243_alt_983-e1581109029589-1920x1525.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jonathan Lubecky and stepson Joey Monteleone in Washington, D.C. before visiting the White House in 2019. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jonathan Lubecky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Until recently, only participants in clinical trials could qualify for MDMA-assisted therapy. Now the federal Food and Drug Administration has granted researchers what it calls “expanded access.” That means people who can’t find relief other ways — who are “treatment-resistant” — can get this therapy before the FDA approves it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Doblin established and runs the \u003ca href=\"https://maps.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Multidisciplinary Associations for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS)\u003c/a>, the nonprofit conducting the MDMA-assisted therapy trials in the U.S., Canada, and Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin said the FDA’s move is “a sign that we’re getting over ‘the psychedelic 60s’ — that the FDA is really more science over politics now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The FDA is recognizing that there’s a humanitarian crisis with many, many millions of people that have treatment-resistant PTSD,” Doblin says. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs estimates that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand/common/common_adults.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">8 million adults have PTSD\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That disorder results from combat, Doblin says, but also from sexual assault and other trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those treated with MDMA, \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00213-019-05249-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">54% no longer had PTSD symptoms\u003c/a> after therapy. Researchers found that number increased to 68% a year after treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Controlled Substances Act classifies MDMA as an illegal Schedule 1 drug. While the FDA is expanding access to just 50 people beyond the clinical trial, Doblin and his team hope to increase that number, and to see the FDA approve the treatment by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lubecky, the Army veteran, now works for MAPS as its Veterans and Governmental Affairs Liaison. He says making this treatment available to even a small number of people could mean the difference between life and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The MDMA-assisted therapy,” he says, “is the reason that my stepson Joey has a father instead of a folded flag.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Public health officials say people in the Bay Area run a low risk of falling ill from the novel coronavirus. Fewer than five people in the nine-county region are being treated for the flu-like disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/default.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/a> is working to spread that message to Cantonese and Mandarin speakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sunny Pak, acting medical director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/comupg/oservices/medSvs/hlthCtrs/ChinatownHlthCtr.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chinatown Public Health Center\u003c/a>, said many of his patients rely on social media apps for news about the outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike what happened with SARS 17 years ago, right now the spreading of information, whether true or false, is even faster,” Pak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, Pak said, can lead to panic, especially among people with family and friends in China and other countries more directly affected by the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because they’re getting a lot of information via WeChat and/or WhatsApp, they’re literally instantaneously getting information that hasn’t been vetted and it’s unfortunate,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/summary.html#situation-in-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a> reports that China has confirmed tens of thousands of cases, compared with a dozen in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Pak and other San Francisco public health officials met with reporters from local ethnic-language media outlets — including \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KTSF\u003c/a> Channel 26 television, the Sing Tao \u003ca href=\"https://www.singtaousa.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">newspaper \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.chineseradio.com/main/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">radio station\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldjournal.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Journal\u003c/a> — to help convey the most accurate information from the CDC. That effort includes informational packets translated into Chinese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese-language radio and television stations in the Bay Area are broadcasting reports in Cantonese and Mandarin, depending on the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flora Xu, a senior reporter with Sing Tao Daily, said the Chinatown-based paper is committed to sharing trustworthy news about the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the paper urges readers “to believe the city’s information, the accurate information, and don’t believe the rumors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I also just encourage the Chinese community, believe the government [about] how to protect yourself,” Xu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that many Chinese Americans are less panicked about getting the disease than they are concerned about loved ones in China dealing with the virus and its economic fallout there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SF_emergency/status/1225123524857094145\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pak said he hopes accurate, up-to-date information can help Chinese Americans stay calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point in the United States and definitely in San Francisco since there are no confirmed cases of any novel coronavirus, the risk of transmission or contracting the virus is still low,” Pak said. “But at the same time we still should be vigilant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The level of concern, he noted, should be similar to the flu — a much more present virus in this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s public health agency offers this message on its website:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“There are zero confirmed cases of novel coronavirus in San Francisco, and the risk to the general public is low. If a case is confirmed in San Francisco we will announce it right here. … Proper handwashing is the most effective way to prevent illness. This means washing your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to handwashing, Pak said that covering your mouth when coughing and staying isolated if you’re feeling sick (you can call your health provider from home), are two important ways to protect against the potential spread of coronavirus or other illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco public health and emergency management officials met with neighborhood leaders at City College’s Chinatown/North Beach Center campus to address concerns and provide information on how to protect against the potential spread of novel coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pak said that outreach to other San Francisco neighborhoods with large Chinese American populations, like the Richmond, Sunset and the Excelsior District, is also a priority for public health officials.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Public health officials say the risk of contracting coronavirus in the Bay Area is still low. They are working to spread that message to local Chinese American communities.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Public health officials say people in the Bay Area run a low risk of falling ill from the novel coronavirus. Fewer than five people in the nine-county region are being treated for the flu-like disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/default.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Department of Public Health\u003c/a> is working to spread that message to Cantonese and Mandarin speakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sunny Pak, acting medical director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfdph.org/dph/comupg/oservices/medSvs/hlthCtrs/ChinatownHlthCtr.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chinatown Public Health Center\u003c/a>, said many of his patients rely on social media apps for news about the outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unlike what happened with SARS 17 years ago, right now the spreading of information, whether true or false, is even faster,” Pak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, Pak said, can lead to panic, especially among people with family and friends in China and other countries more directly affected by the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because they’re getting a lot of information via WeChat and/or WhatsApp, they’re literally instantaneously getting information that hasn’t been vetted and it’s unfortunate,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/summary.html#situation-in-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a> reports that China has confirmed tens of thousands of cases, compared with a dozen in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Pak and other San Francisco public health officials met with reporters from local ethnic-language media outlets — including \u003ca href=\"https://www.ktsf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KTSF\u003c/a> Channel 26 television, the Sing Tao \u003ca href=\"https://www.singtaousa.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">newspaper \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.chineseradio.com/main/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">radio station\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.worldjournal.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Journal\u003c/a> — to help convey the most accurate information from the CDC. That effort includes informational packets translated into Chinese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinese-language radio and television stations in the Bay Area are broadcasting reports in Cantonese and Mandarin, depending on the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flora Xu, a senior reporter with Sing Tao Daily, said the Chinatown-based paper is committed to sharing trustworthy news about the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the paper urges readers “to believe the city’s information, the accurate information, and don’t believe the rumors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I also just encourage the Chinese community, believe the government [about] how to protect yourself,” Xu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added that many Chinese Americans are less panicked about getting the disease than they are concerned about loved ones in China dealing with the virus and its economic fallout there.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Pak said he hopes accurate, up-to-date information can help Chinese Americans stay calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point in the United States and definitely in San Francisco since there are no confirmed cases of any novel coronavirus, the risk of transmission or contracting the virus is still low,” Pak said. “But at the same time we still should be vigilant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The level of concern, he noted, should be similar to the flu — a much more present virus in this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s public health agency offers this message on its website:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>“There are zero confirmed cases of novel coronavirus in San Francisco, and the risk to the general public is low. If a case is confirmed in San Francisco we will announce it right here. … Proper handwashing is the most effective way to prevent illness. This means washing your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to handwashing, Pak said that covering your mouth when coughing and staying isolated if you’re feeling sick (you can call your health provider from home), are two important ways to protect against the potential spread of coronavirus or other illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco public health and emergency management officials met with neighborhood leaders at City College’s Chinatown/North Beach Center campus to address concerns and provide information on how to protect against the potential spread of novel coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pak said that outreach to other San Francisco neighborhoods with large Chinese American populations, like the Richmond, Sunset and the Excelsior District, is also a priority for public health officials.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "State Park Plan Is Conservationist's Dream. But Reformers Want Focus on Neglected Neighborhoods",
"headTitle": "State Park Plan Is Conservationist’s Dream. But Reformers Want Focus on Neglected Neighborhoods | KQED",
"content": "\u003ch4>California Gov. Gavin Newsom’s budget proposal includes millions to buy land for a new state park, as well as an equal amount to increase park access for “underserved populations.” Together, the funds address both traditional conservation priorities and those of a new generation of reformers.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hen Gov. Gavin Newsom outlined his budget proposal last month, he included a tease for conservationists: a $20 million line item, stemming from a one-time budget surplus, to help pay for a new state park, a tantalizing prospect in an era when just one new park has been added to the system over the last 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom hasn’t indicated where the park would be; he said the cost of the land might go up if he shared specific information. But the $20 million figure is exactly what a group of Bay Area lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://sd07.senate.ca.gov/news/2020-01-08-17-bay-area-caucus-members-urge-governor-legislative-leaders-provide-funding-acquire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asked\u003c/a> the governor to allocate toward the purchase of a sprawling 50,000-acre \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiaoutdoorproperties.com/listing/n3-cattle-company\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ranch\u003c/a> for sale, spanning Santa Clara, Alameda, San Joaquin and Stanislaus counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' citation='Mike Lynch, California State Park Rangers Association.']‘If this thing goes, then the state is getting back in the park business again. We’ve had a huge, tremendous drought in new parks since the Great Recession.’[/pullquote]The Nature Conservancy and the Trust for Public Lands, two of the largest conservation organizations in the U.S., have secured $30 million to pay for the property in addition to the state’s proposed earmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The undeveloped land, owned by the N3 Cattle Company of Livermore, is a backpacker’s dream, but given that those 80 square miles abut \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lake Del Valle State Recreation Area\u003c/a>, a park with meandering hiking trails and bucolic swimming holes, the location will do little to expand access for the “park poor,” those without a convenient and quick way to get to a major public green area, which is a priority for reformers in the conservation movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' citation='Ramya Sivasubramanian, NRDC']‘We need some of those closer-to-home opportunities … Otherwise we’re not redressing the inequities that exist in the current distribution of our system.’[/pullquote]However, Newsom’s proposal also includes a separate $20 million for a grant program \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB209\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">established\u003c/a> last year to “improve park access for underserved populations.” That would include investing in transportation and other programs to allow for more diverse groups of people to “participate in outdoor environmental educational experiences at state parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s plan also includes $11.8 million to expand technological and physical access, as well as “culturally inclusive” programs and exhibits, at existing parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With these different line items, the governor is gingerly balancing the interests of two groups of environmentalists who hold competing visions for the state’s park system and are separated by geography, age and race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, the state’s older and whiter backpack-toting conservation groups value parks, in part, for their natural beauty, and they dearly want California to expand wilderness protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say the Livermore ranch is an incredible opportunity that the state should seize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a new generation of conservation advocates who value the public health benefits of easily accessible nature over big-ticket parks like the acquisition of the ranch would represent. These younger and more racially diverse proponents assess the desirability of areas targeted for public access in part by their impact on community life. They favor cleaning up polluted areas and restoring smaller neighborhood parks and other local open spaces, and they generally do not advocate for the headline-grabbing establishment of large public parcels of land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these reform-minded advocates are Los Angeles-based veterans of a successful $4 billion ballot \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_68,_Parks,_Environment,_and_Water_Bond_(June_2018)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposition\u003c/a> in 2018 to improve smaller parks and green spaces, among other environmental projects, in mostly urban and suburban areas, with a portion of the funds earmarked for lower-income communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That measure, Proposition 68, appeared on the ballot two years after a Los Angeles County “parks and recreation needs” \u003ca href=\"https://lacountyparkneeds.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/ParksNeedsAssessmentSummary_English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">assessment\u003c/a> found that 51% of residents lived more than a half-mile away from a local or regional park, too far to make an impact, according to some research. More than 80% of these residents were located in neighborhoods of color, and advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.advancementprojectca.org/blog/la-county-park-equity-groups-fight-to-turn-park-poor-communities-red-to-green\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argue\u003c/a> the disparity resulted from decades of unequal land-use decisions that led to public neglect and disinvestment in nonwhite neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Competing Visions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California last created a state park in Monterey County in 2009, when the state transformed a 4-mile sandy curve of the coastline donated by the U.S. Army into \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fort Ord Dunes State Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 years leading up to the park’s opening marked the longest time without an addition to the state system since California created its parks department in 1927, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/05/12/state-parks-standstill-why-california-hasnt-opened-a-new-state-park-in-10-years/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data\u003c/a> reviewed by the Mercury News. The current drought of new parkland has surpassed that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Newsom’s proposal is enough to stir the dormant passion of Mike Lynch, president of the California State Park Rangers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this thing goes, then the state is getting back in the park business again,” said Lynch. “We’ve had a huge, tremendous drought in new parks since the Great Recession.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynch doesn’t disagree with efforts to increase access for park-poor communities. But even though the ranch doesn’t fit that bill, he sees it as an opportunity that the state needs to jump on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Opportunities are of the moment, right?” he said. “You can either take it or leave it. But it’s up for sale now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont, called the available land a “once-in-a-generation” opportunity, providing accessible backcountry wilderness and protecting a watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s budget \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2020-21/pdf/BudgetSummary/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summary\u003c/a> acknowledges the gap in park access by framing the proposed millions of dollars of investment in the Department of Parks and Recreation as a “Parks for All” initiative. “Many Californians lack access to parks, open spaces, and natural and cultural amenities,” the section begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative has been \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JenSiebelNewsom/status/1215804374921838592?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">championed\u003c/a> by Jennifer Siebel Newsom, California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/first-partner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first partner\u003c/a> and the governor’s wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But José González, founder of \u003ca href=\"https://latinooutdoors.org/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Latino Outdoors\u003c/a>, a group that advocates for diversifying parks, argues that California should prioritize creating parks around low-income communities of color whom the state has neglected in the past. He says public funding should “ensure that the parks do not perpetuate historical inequities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>González says he values the “conservation opportunity” of the ranch and appreciates that the proposed budget includes equitable funding for park access. But he says the state should bring “diverse communities into the decision-making process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact is that those who have held the land will continue to benefit through these deals,” he said. “These are not black and brown families that are getting millions of dollars” in state money, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Initiatives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramya Sivasubramanian, deputy director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/about/healthy-people-thriving-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Environmental Justice, Healthy People & Thriving Communities Program\u003c/a> for the Natural Resources Defense Council, says that initiatives like the ones included in the governor’s budget to increase park access do provide good opportunities to “connect people in park poor communities to state parks.” But she said these alone are “insufficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need some of those closer-to-home opportunities as well. Otherwise we’re not redressing the inequities that exist in the current distribution of our system\u003cem>.\u003c/em>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivasubramanian pointed to several locations around Los Angeles that advocates would like California to purchase and run as a state park. The proposed areas include neglected 28-acre \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityprojectca.org/blog/archives/722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Griffith Park \u003c/a>along the Los Angeles River, a concrete-slab that’s partially cordoned off with a chain-link fence and is covered in construction debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Redondo Beach, a city of 68,000 in the L.A. area, Mayor Bill Brand’s two\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2019-12-12/california-clean-energy-gas-plants\">–\u003c/a>decade \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2019-12-12/california-clean-energy-gas-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">crusade\u003c/a> to transform a waterfront power plant into a public park has hit a snag. The plant, surrounded by one of the most densely populated neighborhoods along the entire coast, was set to close at the end of this year. But in November the California Public Utilities Commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/energy-green/story/2019-11-07/concerned-about-future-power-shortages-utilities-commission-bumps-up-resource-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">voted\u003c/a> to keep the plant running through 2022 amid concerns over the reliability of the state’s power supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivasubramanian says advocates want the state to intervene in order to get the park built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an even broader opportunity, too, which is not just looking at these places in a vacuum, but at where we can leverage park funds, affordable housing funds and other funds to meet multiple needs in a community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accessibility to Quality Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates like Sivasubramanian argue that California should evaluate park projects in terms of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have found strong evidence for quality-of-life benefits from spending time in nature. This is especially true for children, who score better on tests, exhibit improved emotional well-being and self-discipline, and are more attentive and physically active when they live within a half-mile of a park and spend a couple of hours a week there, one \u003ca href=\"https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/webinars/green_spaces/urban_green_space_disparities_and_health_508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> out of the University of Southern California found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research in recent years has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204616300846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">illuminated\u003c/a> a disparity in the quality of parks in different neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While low-income people of color may have access to nearby parks, those green spaces tend to be smaller, dirtier, more crowded and in worse condition. They are also subject to more criminal activity than parks in affluent white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204618304316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> that looked at urban parks across the U.S. found that “inequities also emerged for park coverage, park spending per person, and park facilities, with majority-Latino cities being particularly disadvantaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Wilderness Society’s Urban to Wild director, Yvette Lopez-Ledesma says her job is partly to build a bridge between “nontraditional conservationists” concerned with these type of inequities and “traditional conservation groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The experience of the nontraditional conservationists hasn’t been valued,” she said. “But people are starting to listen. We are getting closer to — not a middle ground yet — but an awareness that we have to do something. We can’t just be the same conservation movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Ranch Land\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the N3 ranch isn’t in the center of an urban area, it is within driving distance from most major cities in the Bay Area, which a slickly produced video presentation of the property highlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_Y1RHS0jN0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Outdoor Properties \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiaoutdoorproperties.com/listing/n3-cattle-company\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lists\u003c/a> the property for sale at a cost of $72 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broker Todd Renfrew said he’s been inundated with calls from reporters asking about the ranch, a property larger than the city of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A piece of land for sale that’s more than 50,000 acres so close to the Bay Area is unheard of,” said Renfrew. “It is really unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largely untouched land is habitat for tule elk, deer, quail and other animals, as well as, evergreen and native oak trees, bay laurel, California buckeye, and gray and coulter pine, according to the listing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property also includes 200 miles of private roads that could be used for hiking and mountain biking, and 14 hunting camps with cabins that could be transformed into backpacking huts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having partners like the Trust for Public Lands is the kind of thing that makes projects like this work,” Lynch said. “Most new parks must have this kind of collaborative approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino Outdoor’s González said the ranch is “an opportunity to protect and preserve as much of the ecological diversity of the landscape… and that’s fantastic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an opportunity for a transition period,” he said. “As we continue to do traditional — quote unquote — land acquisition deals. It can’t be the same process of 50 years ago. What’s different now is what does this mean in the lens of equity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A new generation of conservation advocates values the health and community benefits of nature that is near 'park-poor' neighborhoods over traditional big-ticket park expansion. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch4>California Gov. Gavin Newsom’s budget proposal includes millions to buy land for a new state park, as well as an equal amount to increase park access for “underserved populations.” Together, the funds address both traditional conservation priorities and those of a new generation of reformers.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hen Gov. Gavin Newsom outlined his budget proposal last month, he included a tease for conservationists: a $20 million line item, stemming from a one-time budget surplus, to help pay for a new state park, a tantalizing prospect in an era when just one new park has been added to the system over the last 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom hasn’t indicated where the park would be; he said the cost of the land might go up if he shared specific information. But the $20 million figure is exactly what a group of Bay Area lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://sd07.senate.ca.gov/news/2020-01-08-17-bay-area-caucus-members-urge-governor-legislative-leaders-provide-funding-acquire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">asked\u003c/a> the governor to allocate toward the purchase of a sprawling 50,000-acre \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiaoutdoorproperties.com/listing/n3-cattle-company\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ranch\u003c/a> for sale, spanning Santa Clara, Alameda, San Joaquin and Stanislaus counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If this thing goes, then the state is getting back in the park business again. We’ve had a huge, tremendous drought in new parks since the Great Recession.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Nature Conservancy and the Trust for Public Lands, two of the largest conservation organizations in the U.S., have secured $30 million to pay for the property in addition to the state’s proposed earmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The undeveloped land, owned by the N3 Cattle Company of Livermore, is a backpacker’s dream, but given that those 80 square miles abut \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lake Del Valle State Recreation Area\u003c/a>, a park with meandering hiking trails and bucolic swimming holes, the location will do little to expand access for the “park poor,” those without a convenient and quick way to get to a major public green area, which is a priority for reformers in the conservation movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We need some of those closer-to-home opportunities … Otherwise we’re not redressing the inequities that exist in the current distribution of our system.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>However, Newsom’s proposal also includes a separate $20 million for a grant program \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB209\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">established\u003c/a> last year to “improve park access for underserved populations.” That would include investing in transportation and other programs to allow for more diverse groups of people to “participate in outdoor environmental educational experiences at state parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s plan also includes $11.8 million to expand technological and physical access, as well as “culturally inclusive” programs and exhibits, at existing parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With these different line items, the governor is gingerly balancing the interests of two groups of environmentalists who hold competing visions for the state’s park system and are separated by geography, age and race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, the state’s older and whiter backpack-toting conservation groups value parks, in part, for their natural beauty, and they dearly want California to expand wilderness protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say the Livermore ranch is an incredible opportunity that the state should seize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a new generation of conservation advocates who value the public health benefits of easily accessible nature over big-ticket parks like the acquisition of the ranch would represent. These younger and more racially diverse proponents assess the desirability of areas targeted for public access in part by their impact on community life. They favor cleaning up polluted areas and restoring smaller neighborhood parks and other local open spaces, and they generally do not advocate for the headline-grabbing establishment of large public parcels of land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these reform-minded advocates are Los Angeles-based veterans of a successful $4 billion ballot \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_68,_Parks,_Environment,_and_Water_Bond_(June_2018)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposition\u003c/a> in 2018 to improve smaller parks and green spaces, among other environmental projects, in mostly urban and suburban areas, with a portion of the funds earmarked for lower-income communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That measure, Proposition 68, appeared on the ballot two years after a Los Angeles County “parks and recreation needs” \u003ca href=\"https://lacountyparkneeds.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/ParksNeedsAssessmentSummary_English.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">assessment\u003c/a> found that 51% of residents lived more than a half-mile away from a local or regional park, too far to make an impact, according to some research. More than 80% of these residents were located in neighborhoods of color, and advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.advancementprojectca.org/blog/la-county-park-equity-groups-fight-to-turn-park-poor-communities-red-to-green\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">argue\u003c/a> the disparity resulted from decades of unequal land-use decisions that led to public neglect and disinvestment in nonwhite neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Competing Visions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California last created a state park in Monterey County in 2009, when the state transformed a 4-mile sandy curve of the coastline donated by the U.S. Army into \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fort Ord Dunes State Park\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 years leading up to the park’s opening marked the longest time without an addition to the state system since California created its parks department in 1927, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/05/12/state-parks-standstill-why-california-hasnt-opened-a-new-state-park-in-10-years/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data\u003c/a> reviewed by the Mercury News. The current drought of new parkland has surpassed that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Newsom’s proposal is enough to stir the dormant passion of Mike Lynch, president of the California State Park Rangers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this thing goes, then the state is getting back in the park business again,” said Lynch. “We’ve had a huge, tremendous drought in new parks since the Great Recession.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynch doesn’t disagree with efforts to increase access for park-poor communities. But even though the ranch doesn’t fit that bill, he sees it as an opportunity that the state needs to jump on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Opportunities are of the moment, right?” he said. “You can either take it or leave it. But it’s up for sale now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont, called the available land a “once-in-a-generation” opportunity, providing accessible backcountry wilderness and protecting a watershed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s budget \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/2020-21/pdf/BudgetSummary/FullBudgetSummary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summary\u003c/a> acknowledges the gap in park access by framing the proposed millions of dollars of investment in the Department of Parks and Recreation as a “Parks for All” initiative. “Many Californians lack access to parks, open spaces, and natural and cultural amenities,” the section begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative has been \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JenSiebelNewsom/status/1215804374921838592?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">championed\u003c/a> by Jennifer Siebel Newsom, California’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/first-partner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first partner\u003c/a> and the governor’s wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But José González, founder of \u003ca href=\"https://latinooutdoors.org/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Latino Outdoors\u003c/a>, a group that advocates for diversifying parks, argues that California should prioritize creating parks around low-income communities of color whom the state has neglected in the past. He says public funding should “ensure that the parks do not perpetuate historical inequities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>González says he values the “conservation opportunity” of the ranch and appreciates that the proposed budget includes equitable funding for park access. But he says the state should bring “diverse communities into the decision-making process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact is that those who have held the land will continue to benefit through these deals,” he said. “These are not black and brown families that are getting millions of dollars” in state money, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urban Initiatives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramya Sivasubramanian, deputy director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/about/healthy-people-thriving-communities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Environmental Justice, Healthy People & Thriving Communities Program\u003c/a> for the Natural Resources Defense Council, says that initiatives like the ones included in the governor’s budget to increase park access do provide good opportunities to “connect people in park poor communities to state parks.” But she said these alone are “insufficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need some of those closer-to-home opportunities as well. Otherwise we’re not redressing the inequities that exist in the current distribution of our system\u003cem>.\u003c/em>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivasubramanian pointed to several locations around Los Angeles that advocates would like California to purchase and run as a state park. The proposed areas include neglected 28-acre \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityprojectca.org/blog/archives/722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Griffith Park \u003c/a>along the Los Angeles River, a concrete-slab that’s partially cordoned off with a chain-link fence and is covered in construction debris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Redondo Beach, a city of 68,000 in the L.A. area, Mayor Bill Brand’s two\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2019-12-12/california-clean-energy-gas-plants\">–\u003c/a>decade \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2019-12-12/california-clean-energy-gas-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">crusade\u003c/a> to transform a waterfront power plant into a public park has hit a snag. The plant, surrounded by one of the most densely populated neighborhoods along the entire coast, was set to close at the end of this year. But in November the California Public Utilities Commission \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/energy-green/story/2019-11-07/concerned-about-future-power-shortages-utilities-commission-bumps-up-resource-requirements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">voted\u003c/a> to keep the plant running through 2022 amid concerns over the reliability of the state’s power supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sivasubramanian says advocates want the state to intervene in order to get the park built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an even broader opportunity, too, which is not just looking at these places in a vacuum, but at where we can leverage park funds, affordable housing funds and other funds to meet multiple needs in a community,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accessibility to Quality Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates like Sivasubramanian argue that California should evaluate park projects in terms of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers have found strong evidence for quality-of-life benefits from spending time in nature. This is especially true for children, who score better on tests, exhibit improved emotional well-being and self-discipline, and are more attentive and physically active when they live within a half-mile of a park and spend a couple of hours a week there, one \u003ca href=\"https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/translational/peph/webinars/green_spaces/urban_green_space_disparities_and_health_508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> out of the University of Southern California found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research in recent years has \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204616300846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">illuminated\u003c/a> a disparity in the quality of parks in different neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While low-income people of color may have access to nearby parks, those green spaces tend to be smaller, dirtier, more crowded and in worse condition. They are also subject to more criminal activity than parks in affluent white neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204618304316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> that looked at urban parks across the U.S. found that “inequities also emerged for park coverage, park spending per person, and park facilities, with majority-Latino cities being particularly disadvantaged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Wilderness Society’s Urban to Wild director, Yvette Lopez-Ledesma says her job is partly to build a bridge between “nontraditional conservationists” concerned with these type of inequities and “traditional conservation groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The experience of the nontraditional conservationists hasn’t been valued,” she said. “But people are starting to listen. We are getting closer to — not a middle ground yet — but an awareness that we have to do something. We can’t just be the same conservation movement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Ranch Land\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the N3 ranch isn’t in the center of an urban area, it is within driving distance from most major cities in the Bay Area, which a slickly produced video presentation of the property highlights.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/l_Y1RHS0jN0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/l_Y1RHS0jN0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>California Outdoor Properties \u003ca href=\"https://www.californiaoutdoorproperties.com/listing/n3-cattle-company\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lists\u003c/a> the property for sale at a cost of $72 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broker Todd Renfrew said he’s been inundated with calls from reporters asking about the ranch, a property larger than the city of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A piece of land for sale that’s more than 50,000 acres so close to the Bay Area is unheard of,” said Renfrew. “It is really unique.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largely untouched land is habitat for tule elk, deer, quail and other animals, as well as, evergreen and native oak trees, bay laurel, California buckeye, and gray and coulter pine, according to the listing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The property also includes 200 miles of private roads that could be used for hiking and mountain biking, and 14 hunting camps with cabins that could be transformed into backpacking huts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having partners like the Trust for Public Lands is the kind of thing that makes projects like this work,” Lynch said. “Most new parks must have this kind of collaborative approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino Outdoor’s González said the ranch is “an opportunity to protect and preserve as much of the ecological diversity of the landscape… and that’s fantastic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an opportunity for a transition period,” he said. “As we continue to do traditional — quote unquote — land acquisition deals. It can’t be the same process of 50 years ago. What’s different now is what does this mean in the lens of equity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Editor’s Note: Story updated February 27, 2020. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m worried that coronavirus caused the tickle in my throat. I’ve wondered whether I have reason to be. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last week I talked with more than a dozen people who had just left the epicenter of the Chinese outbreak. They were passengers on the last direct flight between Wuhan, China and San Francisco International Airport. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fortunately, public health workers screened all of them to ensure they were not infected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The disease (2019-nCoV), thought to originate in Wuhan, has sickened more than 80,000 people in 46 countries and killed 2,794 people. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That sounds terrifying, and it is. \u003cem>In China\u003c/em>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the U.S., the real threat to my health and yours is this year’s flu. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimates\u003c/a> influenza has caused hospitalizations and 16,000 deaths in the U.S. this season. The fatalities include 105 children.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>“This new coronavirus is mysterious,” said Dr. William Schaffner, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University.\u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cem> “\u003c/em>\u003cspan data-pm-slice='1 1 [\"paragraph-wrapper\",null,\"paragraph\",null]'>The experts don’t know very much about this virus yet and what it does. An\u003c/span>d so it’s it’s not surprising that here in the United States we have an outbreak of coronavirus anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As of this writing, health authorities have confirmed 60 cases of novel coronavirus in the U.S. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How Deadly is the Flu?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1918 influenza pandemic\u003c/a> infected one-third of the world’s population and killed close to 50 million people. A century ago, public health was very different. These days the flu kills, on average, 10-40,000 Americans a year. Usually the risk is greatest for older people or anyone with a preexisting condition. Kids appear to be especially sensitive to this year’s flu.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We in infectious diseases regard influenza with great seriousness,” Schaffner said. “And that’s why, of course, we urge vaccination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He highly recommends regular hand washing. Public health experts do not recommend wearing a mask to ward off either the flu or the coronavirus. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Contagious is the Novel Coronavirus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The novel coronavirus is thought to have originated in a seafood market in Wuhan, the political, cultural and economic hub of central China. Scientists have not yet identified the animal host, or the way the virus spread to humans. Now it passes from \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30183-5/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">person to person\u003c/a> through respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes, pretty much like the flu and the common cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are no confirmed cases in northern California. If that changes, public health officials in the region say they’re ready. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have physicians staffing call lines 24 hours a day all week,” said \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Susan Philip at the San Francisco Department of Public Health’s emergency command center. “\u003c/span>And we are able to communicate and advise providers and emergency departments about how to proceed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Philip urges anyone who has recently traveled to China to see a doctor if they experience flu-like symptoms like a cough, shortness of breath, or fever. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How Lethal is the Novel Coronavirus?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s very difficult to know how deadly the novel coronavirus is because it’s still very early in the outbreak. According to statistics published Feb 24 in \u003cem>JAMA, \u003c/em>2.3% of infected patients have died. Half of the fatalities have occurred in patients 70 and older. That’s worse than the seasonal flu, and better than two earlier coronaviruses you may have heard about. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2003 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/sars/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome\u003c/a> (SARS)\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> killed 774 people. That virus originated in civets, a mammal native to tropical Asia and Africa. It killed about one in ten people who were infected. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome\u003c/a> (MERS), which originated in camels, has killed 858 people since 2012. About one in three people who contract MERS die. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Charles Chiu, an infectious disease specialist at UCSF, said the novel coronavirus will change as it evolves in humans. \u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003c/b>“It will continue to mutate and continue to circulate as long as there are infections ongoing. There is a potential that the virus could mutate into a form that may be more or less transmissible, or more or less virulent.\u003ci>“\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "This season the flu has killed more 8,200 people in the U.S., including 54 children. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Editor’s Note: Story updated February 27, 2020. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m worried that coronavirus caused the tickle in my throat. I’ve wondered whether I have reason to be. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last week I talked with more than a dozen people who had just left the epicenter of the Chinese outbreak. They were passengers on the last direct flight between Wuhan, China and San Francisco International Airport. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fortunately, public health workers screened all of them to ensure they were not infected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The disease (2019-nCoV), thought to originate in Wuhan, has sickened more than 80,000 people in 46 countries and killed 2,794 people. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That sounds terrifying, and it is. \u003cem>In China\u003c/em>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the U.S., the real threat to my health and yours is this year’s flu. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimates\u003c/a> influenza has caused hospitalizations and 16,000 deaths in the U.S. this season. The fatalities include 105 children.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>\u003c/b>“This new coronavirus is mysterious,” said Dr. William Schaffner, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> infectious disease specialist at Vanderbilt University.\u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cem> “\u003c/em>\u003cspan data-pm-slice='1 1 [\"paragraph-wrapper\",null,\"paragraph\",null]'>The experts don’t know very much about this virus yet and what it does. An\u003c/span>d so it’s it’s not surprising that here in the United States we have an outbreak of coronavirus anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As of this writing, health authorities have confirmed 60 cases of novel coronavirus in the U.S. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How Deadly is the Flu?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">1918 influenza pandemic\u003c/a> infected one-third of the world’s population and killed close to 50 million people. A century ago, public health was very different. These days the flu kills, on average, 10-40,000 Americans a year. Usually the risk is greatest for older people or anyone with a preexisting condition. Kids appear to be especially sensitive to this year’s flu.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We in infectious diseases regard influenza with great seriousness,” Schaffner said. “And that’s why, of course, we urge vaccination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He highly recommends regular hand washing. Public health experts do not recommend wearing a mask to ward off either the flu or the coronavirus. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Contagious is the Novel Coronavirus?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The novel coronavirus is thought to have originated in a seafood market in Wuhan, the political, cultural and economic hub of central China. Scientists have not yet identified the animal host, or the way the virus spread to humans. Now it passes from \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30183-5/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">person to person\u003c/a> through respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes, pretty much like the flu and the common cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are no confirmed cases in northern California. If that changes, public health officials in the region say they’re ready. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have physicians staffing call lines 24 hours a day all week,” said \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Susan Philip at the San Francisco Department of Public Health’s emergency command center. “\u003c/span>And we are able to communicate and advise providers and emergency departments about how to proceed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Philip urges anyone who has recently traveled to China to see a doctor if they experience flu-like symptoms like a cough, shortness of breath, or fever. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>How Lethal is the Novel Coronavirus?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s very difficult to know how deadly the novel coronavirus is because it’s still very early in the outbreak. According to statistics published Feb 24 in \u003cem>JAMA, \u003c/em>2.3% of infected patients have died. Half of the fatalities have occurred in patients 70 and older. That’s worse than the seasonal flu, and better than two earlier coronaviruses you may have heard about. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2003 \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/sars/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome\u003c/a> (SARS)\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> killed 774 people. That virus originated in civets, a mammal native to tropical Asia and Africa. It killed about one in ten people who were infected. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome\u003c/a> (MERS), which originated in camels, has killed 858 people since 2012. About one in three people who contract MERS die. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dr. Charles Chiu, an infectious disease specialist at UCSF, said the novel coronavirus will change as it evolves in humans. \u003c/span>\u003cb>\u003c/b>“It will continue to mutate and continue to circulate as long as there are infections ongoing. There is a potential that the virus could mutate into a form that may be more or less transmissible, or more or less virulent.\u003ci>“\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "a-tsetse-fly-births-one-enormous-milk-fed-baby",
"title": "A Tsetse Fly Births One Enormous Milk-Fed Baby",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Mammalian moms aren’t the only ones to deliver babies and feed them milk. Tsetse flies, the insects best known for transmitting sleeping sickness, do it too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A researcher at the University of California, Davis is trying to understand in detail the unusual way in which these flies reproduce in order to find new ways to combat the disease, which has a crippling effect on a huge swath of Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s time to give birth, a female tsetse fly takes less than a minute to push out a squiggly yellowish larva almost as big as itself. The first time he watched a larva emerge from its mother, UC Davis medical entomologist \u003ca href=\"http://attardo-lab.com/\">Geoff Attardo\u003c/a> was reminded of a clown car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_birth.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_birth.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956183\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tsetse fly gives birth to a larva at the University of California, Davis. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s too much coming out of it to be able to fit inside,” he recalled thinking. “The fact that they can do it eight times in their lifetime is kind of amazing to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsetse flies can live four to five months in a lab and they deliver those eight offspring one at a time. While the larva is growing inside them, they feed it milk. This reproductive strategy is extremely rare in the insect world, where survival usually depends on laying hundreds or thousands of eggs. Only a few other insects – deer keds, sheep keds and bat flies – are known to grow larvae that they feed with milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956209\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tsetse fly larva right after being born. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attardo said he believes that tsetses’ rare reproductive strategy might have started with the threat that parasites posed to them millions of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Either the larvae or the adults were under very heavy parasitoid pressure,” he said. “Maybe by keeping the larva with the mother longer, it reduced the chances of the offspring being parasitized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_larva_burrows_2.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_larva_burrows_2.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956185\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tsetse larvae burrow under the ground immediately after coming out of their mothers to hide from predators. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tsetse flies, which are only found in Africa, feed exclusively on the blood of humans and other domestic and wild animals. As they feed, they can transmit microscopic parasites called trypanosomes, which cause sleeping sickness in humans and a version of the disease known as nagana in cattle and other livestock. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956184\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_feeds.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_feeds.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956184\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tsetse fly pulls out its mouthpart after drinking blood from a human arm. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nagana makes it so that cattle can’t be raised efficiently in a region across the middle of Africa that’s about the size of the United States. It means less meat and milk is available to feed the population and fewer animals to help farmers plow their fields. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the disease in cattle is “a major obstacle to the economic development of affected rural areas.” The losses are estimated to be between $1 billion and $5 billion per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956178\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tsetse flies live in the area colored green, where they can transmit a type of sleeping sickness to livestock that makes it difficult to raise cattle in this huge swath of Africa. \u003ccite>(Kia Simon/KQED and Peter Hermes Furian/Shutterstock.com. Tsetse distribution information from “Training Manual for Tsetse Control Personnel, volume 1,” edited by J.N. Pollock, reprinted in 1992.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In humans the disease starts with fatigue, anemia and headaches. It is treatable with medication, but if trypanosomes invade the central nervous system they can cause sleep disruptions and hallucinations and eventually make patients fall into a coma and die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spraying insecticides and setting traps to kill the flies has helped reduce the number of people who develop sleeping sickness. While 40,000 cases were reported in 1998, fewer than 1,000 cases were recorded in 2018, according to the WHO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries have also experimented with air-dropping male tsetse flies that have been irradiated to make them sterile. That way, when they breed with females, no new flies are born. But even more tools are needed, Attardo said, and he would like to figure out a way to make female flies unable to reproduce also.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, he is investigating the intricacies of tsetse fly reproduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956180\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pregnant tsetse fly is ready to give birth to its larva. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At UC Davis he studies one of 35 species of tsetses, a fly called \u003cem>Glossina morsitans morsitans\u003c/em> that can feed on humans but prefers cattle. In the lab, he feeds them warmed cow’s blood that they sip through a silicone membrane with their mouthpart. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re designed for puncturing cattle hide,” he said. “They’re pretty tough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A female tsetse fly eats the most right after she mates. During the hour-long encounter, she receives and stores inside her all the sperm she needs to make all the offspring she’ll birth in her lifetime. She never needs to mate again, and the male makes sure she doesn’t by also delivering a substance that makes her lose interest in sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_flies_mate_3.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_flies_mate_3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956182\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tsetse flies can mate for as long as an hour. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If he can figure out what that substance is, Attardo could see bottling it and spraying it on flies. This could be a successful control strategy because females are known to be able to prevent males from mating with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The females definitely are making the decisions,” said Attardo. “She’ll sort of tuck her abdomen underneath her body to prevent him from gaining access, and buzz her wings and knock him off.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If females could be made to permanently lose interest in mating, they’d become what Attardo calls “a reproductive dead end.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are also investigating exactly what happens to a female when she does mate and grow a larva inside her. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsetses don’t use breasts to lactate, though an illustration of the inside of a pregnant tsetse created by Attardo looks curiously similar to a cross section of the inside of a human breast. Tiny tubes wind around, carrying milk to the developing larva, which sucks it up with two straw-like tubes on its head. Tsetse milk has proteins and fats with the same functions as proteins and fats in human breast milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956177\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956177\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration of a cross section of the inside of a pregnant tsetse fly shows tubes carrying milk to the larva. \u003ccite>(Geoff Attardo/University of California, Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Milk production is taxing for fly mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have to produce more than their body weight in milk,” he said. “To do that they need really large amounts of protein, so they blood-feed very frequently, and that requirement to do all that blood feeding makes them a good vector.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956175\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female tsetse fly feeds on a human arm. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers have found that tsetse females have a bacterium called \u003cem>Wigglesworthia glossinidia\u003c/em> growing inside them. When they kill the bacteria with antibiotics, female flies are no longer able to grow a larva. Young larvae stop growing inside their mothers and are aborted. The results of an experiment by Attardo, which he hasn’t published yet, suggest that this happens because flies without the bacteria have trouble making milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These flies, they become almost obese,” he said. “So their fat storage organs are just filled with fat, but they don’t seem to be able to actually move it from the storage organ into the milk glands where it needs to go to make the milk.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Translating that finding into a treatment could be tricky, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956174\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geoff Attardo examines a cage full of tsetse flies at the University of California, Davis, where he researches their reproduction. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You could probably pump livestock full of antibiotics,” he said. “But it’s not a good idea to be just throwing antibiotics out around the environment, because that tends to generate antibiotic-resistant microbes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tsetse fly’s reproductive system seems “like the kind of process where there are lots of places you could throw a wrench in and disrupt it,” said Attardo. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so his search for a wrench continues.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A researcher at the University of California, Davis is studying the unique way in which these flies reproduce to find new ways to combat sleeping sickness.",
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"title": "A Tsetse Fly Births One Enormous Milk-Fed Baby | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Mammalian moms aren’t the only ones to deliver babies and feed them milk. Tsetse flies, the insects best known for transmitting sleeping sickness, do it too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A researcher at the University of California, Davis is trying to understand in detail the unusual way in which these flies reproduce in order to find new ways to combat the disease, which has a crippling effect on a huge swath of Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it’s time to give birth, a female tsetse fly takes less than a minute to push out a squiggly yellowish larva almost as big as itself. The first time he watched a larva emerge from its mother, UC Davis medical entomologist \u003ca href=\"http://attardo-lab.com/\">Geoff Attardo\u003c/a> was reminded of a clown car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_birth.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_birth.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956183\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tsetse fly gives birth to a larva at the University of California, Davis. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s too much coming out of it to be able to fit inside,” he recalled thinking. “The fact that they can do it eight times in their lifetime is kind of amazing to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsetse flies can live four to five months in a lab and they deliver those eight offspring one at a time. While the larva is growing inside them, they feed it milk. This reproductive strategy is extremely rare in the insect world, where survival usually depends on laying hundreds or thousands of eggs. Only a few other insects – deer keds, sheep keds and bat flies – are known to grow larvae that they feed with milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956209\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_larva_3_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tsetse fly larva right after being born. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Attardo said he believes that tsetses’ rare reproductive strategy might have started with the threat that parasites posed to them millions of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Either the larvae or the adults were under very heavy parasitoid pressure,” he said. “Maybe by keeping the larva with the mother longer, it reduced the chances of the offspring being parasitized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956185\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_larva_burrows_2.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_larva_burrows_2.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956185\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tsetse larvae burrow under the ground immediately after coming out of their mothers to hide from predators. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tsetse flies, which are only found in Africa, feed exclusively on the blood of humans and other domestic and wild animals. As they feed, they can transmit microscopic parasites called trypanosomes, which cause sleeping sickness in humans and a version of the disease known as nagana in cattle and other livestock. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956184\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_feeds.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_feeds.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956184\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tsetse fly pulls out its mouthpart after drinking blood from a human arm. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nagana makes it so that cattle can’t be raised efficiently in a region across the middle of Africa that’s about the size of the United States. It means less meat and milk is available to feed the population and fewer animals to help farmers plow their fields. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the disease in cattle is “a major obstacle to the economic development of affected rural areas.” The losses are estimated to be between $1 billion and $5 billion per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956178\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_map_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tsetse flies live in the area colored green, where they can transmit a type of sleeping sickness to livestock that makes it difficult to raise cattle in this huge swath of Africa. \u003ccite>(Kia Simon/KQED and Peter Hermes Furian/Shutterstock.com. Tsetse distribution information from “Training Manual for Tsetse Control Personnel, volume 1,” edited by J.N. Pollock, reprinted in 1992.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In humans the disease starts with fatigue, anemia and headaches. It is treatable with medication, but if trypanosomes invade the central nervous system they can cause sleep disruptions and hallucinations and eventually make patients fall into a coma and die. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spraying insecticides and setting traps to kill the flies has helped reduce the number of people who develop sleeping sickness. While 40,000 cases were reported in 1998, fewer than 1,000 cases were recorded in 2018, according to the WHO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries have also experimented with air-dropping male tsetse flies that have been irradiated to make them sterile. That way, when they breed with females, no new flies are born. But even more tools are needed, Attardo said, and he would like to figure out a way to make female flies unable to reproduce also.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, he is investigating the intricacies of tsetse fly reproduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956180\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_pregnant_1_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pregnant tsetse fly is ready to give birth to its larva. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At UC Davis he studies one of 35 species of tsetses, a fly called \u003cem>Glossina morsitans morsitans\u003c/em> that can feed on humans but prefers cattle. In the lab, he feeds them warmed cow’s blood that they sip through a silicone membrane with their mouthpart. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re designed for puncturing cattle hide,” he said. “They’re pretty tough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A female tsetse fly eats the most right after she mates. During the hour-long encounter, she receives and stores inside her all the sperm she needs to make all the offspring she’ll birth in her lifetime. She never needs to mate again, and the male makes sure she doesn’t by also delivering a substance that makes her lose interest in sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_flies_mate_3.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_flies_mate_3.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956182\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tsetse flies can mate for as long as an hour. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If he can figure out what that substance is, Attardo could see bottling it and spraying it on flies. This could be a successful control strategy because females are known to be able to prevent males from mating with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The females definitely are making the decisions,” said Attardo. “She’ll sort of tuck her abdomen underneath her body to prevent him from gaining access, and buzz her wings and knock him off.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If females could be made to permanently lose interest in mating, they’d become what Attardo calls “a reproductive dead end.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are also investigating exactly what happens to a female when she does mate and grow a larva inside her. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsetses don’t use breasts to lactate, though an illustration of the inside of a pregnant tsetse created by Attardo looks curiously similar to a cross section of the inside of a human breast. Tiny tubes wind around, carrying milk to the developing larva, which sucks it up with two straw-like tubes on its head. Tsetse milk has proteins and fats with the same functions as proteins and fats in human breast milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956177\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956177\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_illustration_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration of a cross section of the inside of a pregnant tsetse fly shows tubes carrying milk to the larva. \u003ccite>(Geoff Attardo/University of California, Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Milk production is taxing for fly mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have to produce more than their body weight in milk,” he said. “To do that they need really large amounts of protein, so they blood-feed very frequently, and that requirement to do all that blood feeding makes them a good vector.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956175\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_tsetse_fly_1_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A female tsetse fly feeds on a human arm. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Researchers have found that tsetse females have a bacterium called \u003cem>Wigglesworthia glossinidia\u003c/em> growing inside them. When they kill the bacteria with antibiotics, female flies are no longer able to grow a larva. Young larvae stop growing inside their mothers and are aborted. The results of an experiment by Attardo, which he hasn’t published yet, suggest that this happens because flies without the bacteria have trouble making milk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These flies, they become almost obese,” he said. “So their fat storage organs are just filled with fat, but they don’t seem to be able to actually move it from the storage organ into the milk glands where it needs to go to make the milk.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Translating that finding into a treatment could be tricky, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1956174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1956174\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/DL702_Geoff_Attardo_1920-1020x574.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Geoff Attardo examines a cage full of tsetse flies at the University of California, Davis, where he researches their reproduction. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You could probably pump livestock full of antibiotics,” he said. “But it’s not a good idea to be just throwing antibiotics out around the environment, because that tends to generate antibiotic-resistant microbes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tsetse fly’s reproductive system seems “like the kind of process where there are lots of places you could throw a wrench in and disrupt it,” said Attardo. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so his search for a wrench continues.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Experts Warn Containing Global Spread of Coronavirus May No Longer Be Feasible",
"headTitle": "Experts Warn Containing Global Spread of Coronavirus May No Longer Be Feasible | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Some infectious disease experts are warning that it may no longer be feasible to contain the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/24/dna-sleuths-read-coronavirus-genome-tracing-origins-and-mutations/\">new coronavirus circulating in China\u003c/a>. Failure to stop it there could see the virus spread in a sustained way around the world and even perhaps join the ranks of respiratory viruses that regularly infect people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we learn about it, the greater the possibility is that transmission will not be able to be controlled with public health measures,” said Dr. Allison McGeer, a Toronto-based infectious disease specialist who contracted SARS in 2003 and who helped Saudi Arabia control several hospital-based outbreaks of MERS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that’s the case, she said, “we’re living with a new human virus, and we’re going to find out if it will spread around the globe.” McGeer cautioned that because the true severity of the outbreak isn’t yet known, it’s impossible to predict what the impact of that spread would be, though she noted it would likely pose significant challenges to health care facilities.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pessimistic assessment comes from both researchers studying the dynamics of the outbreak — the rate at which cases are rising in and emerging from China — and infectious diseases experts who are parsing the first published studies describing cases to see if public health tools such as isolation and quarantine could as effective in this outbreak as they were in the 2003 SARS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the warnings come as the United States reported over the weekend finding three more cases, the country’s third, fourth, and fifth. Two were diagnosed in California. One is a traveler from Wuhan, where the outbreak is believed to have started, who was diagnosed in Orange County. The other is someone who visited Wuhan who was diagnosed in Los Angeles County. The fifth case was diagnosed in Arizona and is a student at Arizona State University; the person had also traveled to Wuhan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confirmed infections within China climbed to nearly 2,750 and the death toll rose to 80.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China’s health minister, Ma Xiaowei, warned Sunday that the virus seems to be becoming more transmissible and the country — which has taken unprecedentedly draconian steps to control the virus — was entering a “crucial stage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China’s actions — which include shutting off flights and trains from some affected cities and effectively putting tens of millions of people into quarantine — may not be enough to stop the virus, experts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite the enormous and admirable efforts in China and around the world, we need to plan for the possibility containment of this epidemic isn’t possible,” said Neil Ferguson, an infectious diseases epidemiology at Imperial College London who has issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/news--wuhan-coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a series of modeling studies\u003c/a> on the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may be as many as 100,000 cases already in China, Ferguson \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/26/coronavirus-could-infect-100000-globally-experts-warn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told The Guardian newspaper\u003c/a> on Sunday, adding the model suggests the number could be between 30,000 and 200,000 cases. “Almost certainly many tens of thousands of people are infected,” he told the British newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced Sunday it is donating $10 million to the response to the virus. Half the money will be given to Chinese groups to help them in containment efforts. The other half will be given to the African Center for Disease Control to fund its efforts to help African countries prepare to have to cope with the new infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Sunday, World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DrTedros/status/1221479565043912705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted\u003c/a> that he is traveling to Beijing to meet with Chinese authorities to offer support and to learn more about the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WHO so far has not declared the outbreak a global health emergency, though Tedros, as he is know, has said the spread of the new virus is a crisis for China and a risk to countries beyond it. The WHO declined to label the outbreak a global health emergency of international concern on the advice of a panel of experts who met Wednesday and Thursday, though those experts were split on whether a PHEIC should be declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This outbreak is caused by a virus — \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/23/its-been-sequenced-its-spread-across-borders-now-the-new-pneumonia-causing-virus-needs-a-name/\">currently known as 2019-nCoV\u003c/a> — that belongs to the same family as the viruses that caused the SARS outbreak and which cause sporadic flare-ups of cases of MERS on the Arabian Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SARS virus caused an explosive outbreak in late 2002 and early 2003, infecting more than 8,000 people around the globe and killing nearly 800 before it was contained. MERS has never caused a sustain global outbreak, though a number of large hospital-based outbreaks — including one in South Korea sparked by a businessman who contracted the virus in the Middle East — have been recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the luckiest breaks the world got with the SARS outbreak was the fact that the virus did not transmit before people developed symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some diseases, like influenza and measles, people who are infected but who are not yet feeling sick — people who are still going to work or school, taking public transit, shopping in malls, or going to movies — can pass the viruses to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tools like quarantine and isolation — which were key to controlling SARS — are unlikely stop spread of a virus that can transmit during the period from infection to symptoms, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nancy Messonnier, director of National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said the agency knows transmission of the virus within the United States may be on the horizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re leaning far forward. And we have been every step of the way with an aggressive stance to everything we can do in the U.S.,” she told STAT. “And yet those of us who have been around long enough know that everything we do might not be enough to stop this from spreading in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, at least 14 countries and territories outside of mainland China have reported nearly 60 cases. There have been no reports yet of unchecked spreading from those imported cases to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In hours where I’m feeling optimistic I think about the fact that none of the other countries, including the U.S., have seen significant sustained chains of transmission,” Messonnier said. “But that doesn’t mean that it’s not coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also appears that the incubation time — the time from infection to the development of symptoms — may be a bit shorter than that of SARS, McGeer said, citing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30154-9/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">paper published Friday\u003c/a> that described transmission within a family in Hong Kong. With SARS, most people developed symptoms about four or five days after infection, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A short incubation period gives health authorities less time to track down and quarantine people who have been exposed to the virus and who are en route to becoming infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who have been studying the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/24/dna-sleuths-read-coronavirus-genome-tracing-origins-and-mutations/\">genetic sequences\u003c/a> of viruses from China and a few other of the countries that have recorded cases have calculated what is known as the reproductive rate of this outbreak — the number of people, on average, that each case will infect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An outbreak with a reproductive number of below 1 will peter out. But a number of groups have calculated a reproductive rate for this current outbreak — known by the term R-naught or R0 — in the range of 2 to 3 or beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trevor Bedford, a computational biologist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, suggested the estimates are sobering and point to continued spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s not contained shortly, I think we are looking at a pandemic,” Bedford said, though he cautioned that it’s impossible to know at this point how severe that type of event would be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Tom Inglesby, director of the Center for Health Security at Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/T_Inglesby/status/1221434570714669056?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">urged countries\u003c/a> to start planning to deal with global spread of the new virus. Such plans need to include far more aggressive efforts to develop a vaccine than have already been announced, he suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not making a prediction that it’s going to happen,” Inglesby said, though he noted the mathematical modeling, the statements from Chinese authorities, and the sharply rising infection numbers make a case for this possible outcome. “I think just based on those pieces of limited information, it’s important for us to begin some planning around the possibility that this won’t be contained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/26/containing-new-coronavirus-may-not-be-feasible-experts-say/?utm_source=STAT+Newsletters&utm_campaign=b4213b1d3b-MR_COPY_02&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8cab1d7961-b4213b1d3b-149648249\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Some infectious disease experts are warning that it may no longer be feasible to contain the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/24/dna-sleuths-read-coronavirus-genome-tracing-origins-and-mutations/\">new coronavirus circulating in China\u003c/a>. Failure to stop it there could see the virus spread in a sustained way around the world and even perhaps join the ranks of respiratory viruses that regularly infect people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more we learn about it, the greater the possibility is that transmission will not be able to be controlled with public health measures,” said Dr. Allison McGeer, a Toronto-based infectious disease specialist who contracted SARS in 2003 and who helped Saudi Arabia control several hospital-based outbreaks of MERS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that’s the case, she said, “we’re living with a new human virus, and we’re going to find out if it will spread around the globe.” McGeer cautioned that because the true severity of the outbreak isn’t yet known, it’s impossible to predict what the impact of that spread would be, though she noted it would likely pose significant challenges to health care facilities.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pessimistic assessment comes from both researchers studying the dynamics of the outbreak — the rate at which cases are rising in and emerging from China — and infectious diseases experts who are parsing the first published studies describing cases to see if public health tools such as isolation and quarantine could as effective in this outbreak as they were in the 2003 SARS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the warnings come as the United States reported over the weekend finding three more cases, the country’s third, fourth, and fifth. Two were diagnosed in California. One is a traveler from Wuhan, where the outbreak is believed to have started, who was diagnosed in Orange County. The other is someone who visited Wuhan who was diagnosed in Los Angeles County. The fifth case was diagnosed in Arizona and is a student at Arizona State University; the person had also traveled to Wuhan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confirmed infections within China climbed to nearly 2,750 and the death toll rose to 80.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China’s health minister, Ma Xiaowei, warned Sunday that the virus seems to be becoming more transmissible and the country — which has taken unprecedentedly draconian steps to control the virus — was entering a “crucial stage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China’s actions — which include shutting off flights and trains from some affected cities and effectively putting tens of millions of people into quarantine — may not be enough to stop the virus, experts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Despite the enormous and admirable efforts in China and around the world, we need to plan for the possibility containment of this epidemic isn’t possible,” said Neil Ferguson, an infectious diseases epidemiology at Imperial College London who has issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/news--wuhan-coronavirus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a series of modeling studies\u003c/a> on the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may be as many as 100,000 cases already in China, Ferguson \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/26/coronavirus-could-infect-100000-globally-experts-warn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told The Guardian newspaper\u003c/a> on Sunday, adding the model suggests the number could be between 30,000 and 200,000 cases. “Almost certainly many tens of thousands of people are infected,” he told the British newspaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation announced Sunday it is donating $10 million to the response to the virus. Half the money will be given to Chinese groups to help them in containment efforts. The other half will be given to the African Center for Disease Control to fund its efforts to help African countries prepare to have to cope with the new infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also on Sunday, World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DrTedros/status/1221479565043912705\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tweeted\u003c/a> that he is traveling to Beijing to meet with Chinese authorities to offer support and to learn more about the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The WHO so far has not declared the outbreak a global health emergency, though Tedros, as he is know, has said the spread of the new virus is a crisis for China and a risk to countries beyond it. The WHO declined to label the outbreak a global health emergency of international concern on the advice of a panel of experts who met Wednesday and Thursday, though those experts were split on whether a PHEIC should be declared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This outbreak is caused by a virus — \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/23/its-been-sequenced-its-spread-across-borders-now-the-new-pneumonia-causing-virus-needs-a-name/\">currently known as 2019-nCoV\u003c/a> — that belongs to the same family as the viruses that caused the SARS outbreak and which cause sporadic flare-ups of cases of MERS on the Arabian Peninsula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SARS virus caused an explosive outbreak in late 2002 and early 2003, infecting more than 8,000 people around the globe and killing nearly 800 before it was contained. MERS has never caused a sustain global outbreak, though a number of large hospital-based outbreaks — including one in South Korea sparked by a businessman who contracted the virus in the Middle East — have been recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the luckiest breaks the world got with the SARS outbreak was the fact that the virus did not transmit before people developed symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some diseases, like influenza and measles, people who are infected but who are not yet feeling sick — people who are still going to work or school, taking public transit, shopping in malls, or going to movies — can pass the viruses to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tools like quarantine and isolation — which were key to controlling SARS — are unlikely stop spread of a virus that can transmit during the period from infection to symptoms, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nancy Messonnier, director of National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said the agency knows transmission of the virus within the United States may be on the horizon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re leaning far forward. And we have been every step of the way with an aggressive stance to everything we can do in the U.S.,” she told STAT. “And yet those of us who have been around long enough know that everything we do might not be enough to stop this from spreading in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, at least 14 countries and territories outside of mainland China have reported nearly 60 cases. There have been no reports yet of unchecked spreading from those imported cases to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In hours where I’m feeling optimistic I think about the fact that none of the other countries, including the U.S., have seen significant sustained chains of transmission,” Messonnier said. “But that doesn’t mean that it’s not coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also appears that the incubation time — the time from infection to the development of symptoms — may be a bit shorter than that of SARS, McGeer said, citing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30154-9/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">paper published Friday\u003c/a> that described transmission within a family in Hong Kong. With SARS, most people developed symptoms about four or five days after infection, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A short incubation period gives health authorities less time to track down and quarantine people who have been exposed to the virus and who are en route to becoming infectious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who have been studying the \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/24/dna-sleuths-read-coronavirus-genome-tracing-origins-and-mutations/\">genetic sequences\u003c/a> of viruses from China and a few other of the countries that have recorded cases have calculated what is known as the reproductive rate of this outbreak — the number of people, on average, that each case will infect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An outbreak with a reproductive number of below 1 will peter out. But a number of groups have calculated a reproductive rate for this current outbreak — known by the term R-naught or R0 — in the range of 2 to 3 or beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trevor Bedford, a computational biologist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, suggested the estimates are sobering and point to continued spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s not contained shortly, I think we are looking at a pandemic,” Bedford said, though he cautioned that it’s impossible to know at this point how severe that type of event would be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Tom Inglesby, director of the Center for Health Security at Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/T_Inglesby/status/1221434570714669056?s=20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">urged countries\u003c/a> to start planning to deal with global spread of the new virus. Such plans need to include far more aggressive efforts to develop a vaccine than have already been announced, he suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not making a prediction that it’s going to happen,” Inglesby said, though he noted the mathematical modeling, the statements from Chinese authorities, and the sharply rising infection numbers make a case for this possible outcome. “I think just based on those pieces of limited information, it’s important for us to begin some planning around the possibility that this won’t be contained.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two papers published Friday in the journal the Lancet offer some of the first rigorous analyses of patients who contracted \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/22/the-basics-what-we-know-and-dont-know-about-the-virus-spreading-in-china/\" rel=\"\">a novel coronavirus that has broken out in China\u003c/a> and spread to other countries. Among their discoveries: The virus does not only affect people with other, underlying health conditions, and people who are not showing symptoms can still be carrying the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/pdfs/S0140673620301835.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one study\u003c/a>, researchers analyzed data from the first 41 patients who were admitted to hospitals with confirmed cases of the infection in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, where the outbreak is believed to have originated last month. Two-thirds had been to a large seafood market that also sold wild animals for meat and is thought to be where the virus jumped from an animal source to people. The median age of the patients was 49.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients displayed a wide range of symptoms, many of which were similar to those caused by SARS, another coronavirus, which caused a global outbreak in 2002-2003 that started in China. All of them had pneumonia, and most had fever and cough. Some people had fatigue; rarer symptoms included headache and diarrhea. The researchers noted that patients with SARS more frequently had runny noses, sore throats, and diarrhea than those with the novel coronavirus, which is \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/23/its-been-sequenced-its-spread-across-borders-now-the-new-pneumonia-causing-virus-needs-a-name/\">provisionally being called 2019-nCoV\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key finding: It’s not only people with other health conditions that are getting sick, the researchers reported. Some of the fatal cases caused by the virus have been among people with underlying diseases like diabetes, liver disease, and hypertension, but the majority of the first 41 patients infected with the disease in Wuhan were healthy. The researchers noted that SARS infections similarly did not only affect people with other conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a third of the 41 patients needed intensive care, and six of them died. Some of the patients with more serious illnesses suffered from a dangerous immune system overreaction called a cytokine storm, but the researchers said they still did not have a good understanding of how the virus affects the immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Friday, there were more than 830 cases of the coronavirus infection in China, with 25 deaths, and a handful of cases in places — including Thailand, Japan, South Korea, and the United States — that were in people who traveled to those countries from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second paper focused on one family who came down with pneumonia in Shenzhen. Five family members had recently traveled to Wuhan and had the virus, as did one relative who had not traveled to Wuhan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, authorities have only confirmed human-to-human transmission of the virus among families and in health care clinics — settings where people are likely to be in close contact with each other, according to the World Health Organization. This appears to be the case with the family that was studied. Still, health officials do not know exactly how efficiently the virus can pass among people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One child with the virus did not show any symptoms. Health authorities have said that people with the virus have shown a range of symptoms, from very mild to very severe. But an asymptomatic infection raises the question of whether people have to be showing signs of the disease to pass it to people, a question that experts are rushing to answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because asymptomatic infection appears possible, controlling the epidemic will also rely on isolating patients, tracing and quarantining contacts as early as possible, educating the public on both food and personal hygiene, and ensuring health care workers comply with infection control,” Dr. Kwok-Yung Yuen from the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, who led the research, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a commentary piece also published Friday by the Lancet, Dr. David Heymann, an infectious disease epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, wrote that “the picture these two manuscripts paint is of a disease with a 3-6 day incubation period and insidious onset.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers who wrote the two papers and other experts cautioned that these were small studies with limited numbers of patients in a rapidly evolving outbreak. But they noted that sharing information like this as quickly and rigorously as possible can help shape the response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The information in these articles are pieces of the jigsaw puzzle that are being fit together by WHO as it continues to collect official reports and informal information from its virtual groups of national clinicians, epidemiologists, and virologists working at outbreak sites and brought together from around the world,” Heymann wrote. “When pieced together, these emerging data will permit regular refinement of the risk assessment, and real-time guidance to countries for patient management and outbreak control, including the best case definition for use in surveillance around outbreak sites and elsewhere.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two papers published Friday in the journal the Lancet offer some of the first rigorous analyses of patients who contracted \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/22/the-basics-what-we-know-and-dont-know-about-the-virus-spreading-in-china/\" rel=\"\">a novel coronavirus that has broken out in China\u003c/a> and spread to other countries. Among their discoveries: The virus does not only affect people with other, underlying health conditions, and people who are not showing symptoms can still be carrying the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/pb-assets/Lancet/pdfs/S0140673620301835.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">one study\u003c/a>, researchers analyzed data from the first 41 patients who were admitted to hospitals with confirmed cases of the infection in the central Chinese city of Wuhan, where the outbreak is believed to have originated last month. Two-thirds had been to a large seafood market that also sold wild animals for meat and is thought to be where the virus jumped from an animal source to people. The median age of the patients was 49.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients displayed a wide range of symptoms, many of which were similar to those caused by SARS, another coronavirus, which caused a global outbreak in 2002-2003 that started in China. All of them had pneumonia, and most had fever and cough. Some people had fatigue; rarer symptoms included headache and diarrhea. The researchers noted that patients with SARS more frequently had runny noses, sore throats, and diarrhea than those with the novel coronavirus, which is \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2020/01/23/its-been-sequenced-its-spread-across-borders-now-the-new-pneumonia-causing-virus-needs-a-name/\">provisionally being called 2019-nCoV\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key finding: It’s not only people with other health conditions that are getting sick, the researchers reported. Some of the fatal cases caused by the virus have been among people with underlying diseases like diabetes, liver disease, and hypertension, but the majority of the first 41 patients infected with the disease in Wuhan were healthy. The researchers noted that SARS infections similarly did not only affect people with other conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a third of the 41 patients needed intensive care, and six of them died. Some of the patients with more serious illnesses suffered from a dangerous immune system overreaction called a cytokine storm, but the researchers said they still did not have a good understanding of how the virus affects the immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Friday, there were more than 830 cases of the coronavirus infection in China, with 25 deaths, and a handful of cases in places — including Thailand, Japan, South Korea, and the United States — that were in people who traveled to those countries from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second paper focused on one family who came down with pneumonia in Shenzhen. Five family members had recently traveled to Wuhan and had the virus, as did one relative who had not traveled to Wuhan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, authorities have only confirmed human-to-human transmission of the virus among families and in health care clinics — settings where people are likely to be in close contact with each other, according to the World Health Organization. This appears to be the case with the family that was studied. Still, health officials do not know exactly how efficiently the virus can pass among people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One child with the virus did not show any symptoms. Health authorities have said that people with the virus have shown a range of symptoms, from very mild to very severe. But an asymptomatic infection raises the question of whether people have to be showing signs of the disease to pass it to people, a question that experts are rushing to answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because asymptomatic infection appears possible, controlling the epidemic will also rely on isolating patients, tracing and quarantining contacts as early as possible, educating the public on both food and personal hygiene, and ensuring health care workers comply with infection control,” Dr. Kwok-Yung Yuen from the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, who led the research, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a commentary piece also published Friday by the Lancet, Dr. David Heymann, an infectious disease epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, wrote that “the picture these two manuscripts paint is of a disease with a 3-6 day incubation period and insidious onset.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers who wrote the two papers and other experts cautioned that these were small studies with limited numbers of patients in a rapidly evolving outbreak. But they noted that sharing information like this as quickly and rigorously as possible can help shape the response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The information in these articles are pieces of the jigsaw puzzle that are being fit together by WHO as it continues to collect official reports and informal information from its virtual groups of national clinicians, epidemiologists, and virologists working at outbreak sites and brought together from around the world,” Heymann wrote. “When pieced together, these emerging data will permit regular refinement of the risk assessment, and real-time guidance to countries for patient management and outbreak control, including the best case definition for use in surveillance around outbreak sites and elsewhere.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Chart: Wuhan Coronavirus Compared With MERS, SARS and Common Cold",
"headTitle": "Chart: Wuhan Coronavirus Compared With MERS, SARS and Common Cold | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A new strain of coronavirus — named 2019-nCoV — has been discovered in China. Viruses in the coronavirus category can cause fever, breathing difficulties, pneumonia and diarrhea. Some are potentially fatal. Others can cause the relatively mild common cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is a look at the most well-known coronaviruses: what they have in common and how they differ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1956072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"812\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared.jpg 812w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-800x616.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-768x591.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/coronavirus-20200121?mode=childlink&utm_source=nprnews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=storyredirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Don’t see the graphic above? Click here.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word “corona” is Latin for crown. Under a microscope, these viruses look like a circle with spikes ending in little blobs coming off the surface. Treatment for the more severe coronaviruses typically consists of rest, quarantine and/or hospitalization. There are no approved vaccines at this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there are many unknowns about what is informally referred to as “Wuhan coronavirus,” for the city where cases were first diagnosed. Among the questions being investigated: how the disease is transmitted and how lethal it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whenever a virus enters the human population from animals, we don’t know its full potential at that time,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/aboutus/people/heymann.david\">David Heymann\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And different viruses in this category have different impacts. “SARS [severe acute respiratory syndrome] killed people of all ages. It was a very vicious and very violent virus infection,” says Heymann. “MERS [Middle East respiratory syndrome], however, doesn’t appear to be so virulent in younger people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Does+Wuhan+Coronavirus+Compare+With+MERS%2C+SARS+And+The+Common+Cold%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new strain of coronavirus — named 2019-nCoV — has been discovered in China. Viruses in the coronavirus category can cause fever, breathing difficulties, pneumonia and diarrhea. Some are potentially fatal. Others can cause the relatively mild common cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is a look at the most well-known coronaviruses: what they have in common and how they differ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1956072\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"812\" height=\"625\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared.jpg 812w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-800x616.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2020/01/coronavirus-compared-768x591.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/coronavirus-20200121?mode=childlink&utm_source=nprnews&utm_medium=app&utm_campaign=storyredirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Don’t see the graphic above? Click here.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word “corona” is Latin for crown. Under a microscope, these viruses look like a circle with spikes ending in little blobs coming off the surface. Treatment for the more severe coronaviruses typically consists of rest, quarantine and/or hospitalization. There are no approved vaccines at this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there are many unknowns about what is informally referred to as “Wuhan coronavirus,” for the city where cases were first diagnosed. Among the questions being investigated: how the disease is transmitted and how lethal it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whenever a virus enters the human population from animals, we don’t know its full potential at that time,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/aboutus/people/heymann.david\">David Heymann\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And different viruses in this category have different impacts. “SARS [severe acute respiratory syndrome] killed people of all ages. It was a very vicious and very violent virus infection,” says Heymann. “MERS [Middle East respiratory syndrome], however, doesn’t appear to be so virulent in younger people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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