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"content": "\u003cp>They call it “managed retreat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Lisa Dale, Columbia University']‘It’s hard to imagine asking 50% of western residents to move to the city.’[/pullquote]More than a buzzphrase, the term has become something of a movement among officials looking for ways to cope with rising sea levels and increased river flooding. In short, it means getting out of harm’s way, literally moving people and possibly whole communities to higher ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds radical, but it’s now a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/04/672285546/retreat-is-not-an-option-as-a-california-beach-town-plans-for-rising-seas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">serious topic among planners\u003c/a> and scientists who are scheduling whole conferences around the benefits as well as the challenges of managed retreat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about in fire country, where California has seen so much devastation in recent years? I recently asked \u003cstrong>Lisa Dale\u003c/strong>, a social scientist at Columbia University’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.earth.columbia.edu/articles/view/2323\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustainable Development Program\u003c/a>, if we should also be discussing managed retreat as a defense against the increasingly catastrophic wildfires we’ve seen in California. Here are excerpts from that interview, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nearly all the emphasis whenever anyone talks about managed retreat is on coastal and river flooding. Even out west, we don’t talk about it much in terms of fire. Should we\u003c/strong>?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lisa Dale\u003c/strong>: I’m hard-pressed to say we should. I worked in the wildfire community for decades. I’ve never heard it discussed. To look back and say, “Really those people should be moving,” I don’t think it’s realistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1943266']Remember, half the residents of the American West live in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlandfirersg.org/About/Wildland-Urban-Interface\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wildland-urban interface\u003c/a>. It’s hard to imagine asking 50% of western residents to move to the city. We’re asking for complete and total urbanization of the West if we want to retreat from wildfire zones. And that’s not what the West is about, and that’s not why people live there. So I don’t think it’s realistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nearly all of the coastal U.S. is developed, whereas a relatively small proportion of the wildland-urban interface is developed. So it does seem like there’s at least an opportunity there\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. I think the opportunity is on the front end. So, while I’m reluctant to argue that we should be pushing people to move who already live in the risk area, I think there’s a lot we can do to create disincentives for new people to move there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 85% or so of the wildland-urban interface area is not yet developed. We have a huge opportunity there to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943266/one-potential-solution-to-fires-in-the-wilderness-dont-build-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">minimize our future risk\u003c/a> by planning carefully and zoning and creating movement patterns for people to relocate, so that we’re not setting ourselves up for an inevitable situation where we do have to start considering relocating communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>In California, they tried to attach a kind of a risk premium to people’s insurance policies, saying essentially, “Okay, if you’re going to live in these designated zones, you’re going to pay for some of the public costs of wildfires when they happen.” It didn’t fly.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tried a number of similar measures in Colorado when I lived there, and those didn’t fly, either. And part of the problem comes down to the shortcomings of risk mapping. Because that is a binary choice. Some people will have to pay that fee and some people won’t have to pay that fee, and who gets put in the pay bucket becomes a really contentious question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what is the answer? I see you kind of rolling your eyes.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I really think local governments are the key. States can do a lot to force local governments to act, but states themselves can only take limited steps. Since the local governments are also the ones often saddled with the costs of wildfire, that’s an easy match. This is a layer of government that is facing the costs now and is therefore incentivized to create solutions. They run up against problems like, “If we close the wildland-urban interface from building, we’ve just reduced our tax base. We’ve just reduced the availability of private property in our town.” And no local government wants to do that. So it’s not easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance companies are also key to this story, and we’re starting to see some real action on that in the West. We’re starting to see home insurance companies require their policy holders in risk areas to complete defensible space work around their homes. We’re starting to see policies with disclosure requirements across the West, so that if you are moving there and don’t know you’re moving into a risk zone, there’s mandatory disclosure. Those will help. I think the combination of home insurance action and local government steps are likely the location of solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003cem>Note: Insurance companies have have also been canceling an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943180/increasingly-unavailable-and-unaffordable-home-insurance-threatened-amid-wildfire-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increasing number\u003c/a> of homeowner policies in California’s wildfire-prone areas, with more expensive, less comprehensive policies as the alternative.\u003c/em>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After the devastating\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tubbs-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> wine country fires\u003c/a> a couple of years ago, that swept through \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11622421/video-santa-rosa-reeling-from-devastating-tubbs-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dense urban areas\u003c/a> in Santa Rosa, we saw residents go right back in and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11741498/a-third-of-homes-lost-in-2017-tubbs-fire-now-under-construction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">build in the same place\u003c/a>. And the local politicians were very reluctant to say they couldn’t.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I think that’s tricky. You’ve seen this for a long time across the West, which is part of why I’m a little distrustful of these risk maps. I think they lead to a false sense of safety for people whose homes are marked safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, in fact, we know the fires are behaving in unprecedented ways so we can’t adequately predict the future. And we’re also seeing some really unexpected bottlenecks for progress. For example, one thing we kept coming up against in Colorado was homeowner associations that required certain building materials be used on their properties. Fire-resistant materials, for example, were forbidden in some of these homeowner associations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For aesthetic reasons?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly. So, they’re trying to create a style for all the homes in a community. And when those decisions were made decades ago, nobody was thinking about fire risk. We can do a lot with building materials, with requiring flame-resistant roof tiles for example, removing barriers to the adoption of those types of materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local governments can do a lot to think about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942547/in-the-age-of-the-crazy-fast-fire-a-good-evacuation-plan-may-not-be-enough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ways to get in and out\u003c/a> of high-risk neighborhoods for emergency vehicles so that fires don’t become as catastrophic as we’ve seen and can be more easily tackled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>That was a huge factor in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/camp-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a>, which leveled the entire city of Paradise in Butte County in 2018.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>I\u003c/b>t’s a huge factor in many communities. Part of living up in the woods is that you live on these long, windy roads, and there’s only one road to get to you. So it’s also a transportation and road-network issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a lot of opportunities, I think, especially in the West since so much of it is not yet developed, to redefine the way we develop those areas, redefine the way we build in those areas, all within the framework of reducing risk from wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what is the answer? I see you kind of rolling your eyes.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I really think local governments are the key. States can do a lot to force local governments to act, but states themselves can only take limited steps. Since the local governments are also the ones often saddled with the costs of wildfire, that’s an easy match. This is a layer of government that is facing the costs now and is therefore incentivized to create solutions. They run up against problems like, “If we close the wildland-urban interface from building, we’ve just reduced our tax base. We’ve just reduced the availability of private property in our town.” And no local government wants to do that. So it’s not easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insurance companies are also key to this story, and we’re starting to see some real action on that in the West. We’re starting to see home insurance companies require their policy holders in risk areas to complete defensible space work around their homes. We’re starting to see policies with disclosure requirements across the West, so that if you are moving there and don’t know you’re moving into a risk zone, there’s mandatory disclosure. Those will help. I think the combination of home insurance action and local government steps are likely the location of solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[\u003cem>Note: Insurance companies have have also been canceling an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943180/increasingly-unavailable-and-unaffordable-home-insurance-threatened-amid-wildfire-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increasing number\u003c/a> of homeowner policies in California’s wildfire-prone areas, with more expensive, less comprehensive policies as the alternative.\u003c/em>]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After the devastating\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/tubbs-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> wine country fires\u003c/a> a couple of years ago, that swept through \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11622421/video-santa-rosa-reeling-from-devastating-tubbs-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dense urban areas\u003c/a> in Santa Rosa, we saw residents go right back in and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11741498/a-third-of-homes-lost-in-2017-tubbs-fire-now-under-construction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">build in the same place\u003c/a>. And the local politicians were very reluctant to say they couldn’t.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, I think that’s tricky. You’ve seen this for a long time across the West, which is part of why I’m a little distrustful of these risk maps. I think they lead to a false sense of safety for people whose homes are marked safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, in fact, we know the fires are behaving in unprecedented ways so we can’t adequately predict the future. And we’re also seeing some really unexpected bottlenecks for progress. For example, one thing we kept coming up against in Colorado was homeowner associations that required certain building materials be used on their properties. Fire-resistant materials, for example, were forbidden in some of these homeowner associations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For aesthetic reasons?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly. So, they’re trying to create a style for all the homes in a community. And when those decisions were made decades ago, nobody was thinking about fire risk. We can do a lot with building materials, with requiring flame-resistant roof tiles for example, removing barriers to the adoption of those types of materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local governments can do a lot to think about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942547/in-the-age-of-the-crazy-fast-fire-a-good-evacuation-plan-may-not-be-enough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ways to get in and out\u003c/a> of high-risk neighborhoods for emergency vehicles so that fires don’t become as catastrophic as we’ve seen and can be more easily tackled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>That was a huge factor in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/camp-fire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a>, which leveled the entire city of Paradise in Butte County in 2018.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>I\u003c/b>t’s a huge factor in many communities. Part of living up in the woods is that you live on these long, windy roads, and there’s only one road to get to you. So it’s also a transportation and road-network issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have a lot of opportunities, I think, especially in the West since so much of it is not yet developed, to redefine the way we develop those areas, redefine the way we build in those areas, all within the framework of reducing risk from wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Removing Invasive Shrimp May Clear Lake Tahoe's Waters",
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"content": "\u003cp>Removing a species of tiny shrimp may be the key to returning Lake Tahoe’s waters to the clear cerulean shade extolled in vacation guides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the latest State of the Lake \u003ca href=\"https://ucdavis.app.box.com/s/pldqpvx6a4sbidrtoru6cw55hffyepat/file/500238625979?sb=/details\">report\u003c/a> from UC Davis scientists, the approach could restore Tahoe to what Mark Twain called “the fairest picture the whole world affords.” Halfway through a two-year pilot project, the team is even hopeful that it will preserve the lake’s clarity in a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers announced in May that clarity had improved “dramatically” in 2018 to 70.9 feet, a 10.5-feet increase over 2017, due to “better weather and streamflow conditions.” But the report notes this level “is still far short” of the 97.4-feet clarity-restoration target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beauty Meets Biology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shrimp, \u003cem>Mysis relicta\u003c/em>, haven’t always resided in Lake Tahoe. The invasive species was first introduced by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in the 1960s in an effort to feed the local trout population, a move that quickly spiraled out of control. In the clear waters of Lake Tahoe, \u003cem>Mysis\u003c/em> flourished and ate most of the lake’s zooplankton, but the average trout size decreased. Billions of shrimp now live in the lake, but it wasn’t until recently that the scientists established the link between \u003cem>Mysis\u003c/em> and the lake’s cloudy waters in summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946067\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Mysis-Shrimp-Closeup-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Mysis-Shrimp-Closeup-.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Mysis-Shrimp-Closeup--160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mysis shrimp is an invasive species, released by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in the 1960s to feed the local trout population. \u003ccite>(UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They first had to think smaller — much smaller. \u003cem>Cyclotella\u003c/em> are drum-shaped single-celled algae, 20 times smaller than the width of a human hair, with opalescent glassy skeletons that scatter light. Due to their small size, \u003cem>Cyclotella\u003c/em> also float in the upper levels of the lake, reducing the sunlight that reaches organisms on the lake floor, clouding and reducing oxygen levels in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tahoe’s native zooplankton eat these diatoms and remove them from the water, excreting them in larger clumps. One year, when the shrimp, which feed on zooplankton, were absent from the lake during a natural fluctuation in population, the zooplankton populations expanded. The water’s clarity increased dramatically, nearly doubling in 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists wondered if they could engineer this clarity by removing the shrimp themselves. They tested the approach in Emerald Bay, a cove in the lake, by tracking the shrimp with sonar and removing them with large cone-shaped nets. The result? There’s still a year left in the pilot project, but waters are clearer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clarity in a Changing Climate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new strategy might come just in time. According to the report, which surveys the general state of the lake every year, summer clarity has been declining in Lake Tahoe, and will continue to worsen as temperatures and waters warm, mixing and oxygenation decrease, and runoff from streams occurs earlier in the year. (The worst clarity on record occurred just \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925689/record-low-clarity-in-lake-tahoe-blamed-on-unusual-weather-events\">last year\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other parts of the Tahoe Basin are threatened by climate change, too. Last year’s surface water temperature was the second warmest since 1968, when scientists began taking regular measurements. Scientists project that air temperatures in the Tahoe Basin will rise by nine degrees by the end of the century, which would heighten wildfire risk and affect when fish spawn, among other changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because removing \u003cem>Mysis\u003c/em> allows zooplankton to flourish, and zooplankton help remove \u003cem>Cyclotella\u003c/em> from lakewater, scientists think their approach may not only “restore clarity to levels not seen in decades,” as a Davis press release speculated, but might also be a long-term solution to the health of the lake as an ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although scaling up these efforts for the entire lake would be expensive, Brant Allen, who directed the Emerald Bay study for the Tahoe Environmental Research Center, said that they wouldn’t exceed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nevadaappeal.com/news/local/cost-for-tahoe-clarity-could-be-2-billion/\">$2 billion\u003c/a> already spent on general restoration efforts in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Tahoe] is known for its water clarity, and it is spectacular,” says Allen. “Preserving that and trying to return it to what it was before we built up the Tahoe Basin seems like a worthy goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Removing a species of tiny shrimp may be the key to returning Lake Tahoe’s waters to the clear cerulean shade extolled in vacation guides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the latest State of the Lake \u003ca href=\"https://ucdavis.app.box.com/s/pldqpvx6a4sbidrtoru6cw55hffyepat/file/500238625979?sb=/details\">report\u003c/a> from UC Davis scientists, the approach could restore Tahoe to what Mark Twain called “the fairest picture the whole world affords.” Halfway through a two-year pilot project, the team is even hopeful that it will preserve the lake’s clarity in a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers announced in May that clarity had improved “dramatically” in 2018 to 70.9 feet, a 10.5-feet increase over 2017, due to “better weather and streamflow conditions.” But the report notes this level “is still far short” of the 97.4-feet clarity-restoration target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Beauty Meets Biology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shrimp, \u003cem>Mysis relicta\u003c/em>, haven’t always resided in Lake Tahoe. The invasive species was first introduced by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in the 1960s in an effort to feed the local trout population, a move that quickly spiraled out of control. In the clear waters of Lake Tahoe, \u003cem>Mysis\u003c/em> flourished and ate most of the lake’s zooplankton, but the average trout size decreased. Billions of shrimp now live in the lake, but it wasn’t until recently that the scientists established the link between \u003cem>Mysis\u003c/em> and the lake’s cloudy waters in summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1946067\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1946067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Mysis-Shrimp-Closeup-.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Mysis-Shrimp-Closeup-.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/08/Mysis-Shrimp-Closeup--160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mysis shrimp is an invasive species, released by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife in the 1960s to feed the local trout population. \u003ccite>(UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They first had to think smaller — much smaller. \u003cem>Cyclotella\u003c/em> are drum-shaped single-celled algae, 20 times smaller than the width of a human hair, with opalescent glassy skeletons that scatter light. Due to their small size, \u003cem>Cyclotella\u003c/em> also float in the upper levels of the lake, reducing the sunlight that reaches organisms on the lake floor, clouding and reducing oxygen levels in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tahoe’s native zooplankton eat these diatoms and remove them from the water, excreting them in larger clumps. One year, when the shrimp, which feed on zooplankton, were absent from the lake during a natural fluctuation in population, the zooplankton populations expanded. The water’s clarity increased dramatically, nearly doubling in 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists wondered if they could engineer this clarity by removing the shrimp themselves. They tested the approach in Emerald Bay, a cove in the lake, by tracking the shrimp with sonar and removing them with large cone-shaped nets. The result? There’s still a year left in the pilot project, but waters are clearer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clarity in a Changing Climate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new strategy might come just in time. According to the report, which surveys the general state of the lake every year, summer clarity has been declining in Lake Tahoe, and will continue to worsen as temperatures and waters warm, mixing and oxygenation decrease, and runoff from streams occurs earlier in the year. (The worst clarity on record occurred just \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1925689/record-low-clarity-in-lake-tahoe-blamed-on-unusual-weather-events\">last year\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other parts of the Tahoe Basin are threatened by climate change, too. Last year’s surface water temperature was the second warmest since 1968, when scientists began taking regular measurements. Scientists project that air temperatures in the Tahoe Basin will rise by nine degrees by the end of the century, which would heighten wildfire risk and affect when fish spawn, among other changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because removing \u003cem>Mysis\u003c/em> allows zooplankton to flourish, and zooplankton help remove \u003cem>Cyclotella\u003c/em> from lakewater, scientists think their approach may not only “restore clarity to levels not seen in decades,” as a Davis press release speculated, but might also be a long-term solution to the health of the lake as an ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although scaling up these efforts for the entire lake would be expensive, Brant Allen, who directed the Emerald Bay study for the Tahoe Environmental Research Center, said that they wouldn’t exceed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nevadaappeal.com/news/local/cost-for-tahoe-clarity-could-be-2-billion/\">$2 billion\u003c/a> already spent on general restoration efforts in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Tahoe] is known for its water clarity, and it is spectacular,” says Allen. “Preserving that and trying to return it to what it was before we built up the Tahoe Basin seems like a worthy goal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "SoCalGas Admits Funding 'Front' Group in Fight for Its Future",
"headTitle": "SoCalGas Admits Funding ‘Front’ Group in Fight for Its Future | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Right now, regulators at the California Public Utilities Commission are weighing exactly how and when to wean the state away from natural gas. That means Southern California Gas is fighting for its future, and the Public Advocates Office, an independent watchdog within the CPUC, says the utility’s not fighting fairly, lying to regulators and violating ethics and other rules in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" citation=\"Mike Campbell, Public Advocates Office, CPUC\"]‘SoCalGas is really clear that it sees the state’s climate goals really as an existential threat.’[/pullquote]SoCalGas, a Sempra Company, produces only one thing; with the state aiming for 100% renewable energy by 2045, the company’s days of selling natural gas to millions of customers are numbered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SoCalGas is really clear that it sees the state’s climate goals really as an existential threat,” said Mike Campbell, a program manager with the Public Advocates Office, which represents ratepayers in commission proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell’s office argues that the utility’s tactics include lying to regulators, undermining efficiency codes and standards, and “astroturfing”: funding a seemingly independent advocacy group with ratepayer money. The independent watchdog is asking the commission to sanction SoCalGas, investigate its relationship with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://c4bes.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Californians for Balanced Energy Solutions\u003c/a>, and withhold bonuses that would benefit the utility’s shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While utilities commonly work to sway regulatory outcomes, critics say what SoCalGas is doing is out of the ordinary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945946\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 485px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1945946\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM-800x448.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"485\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM-800x448.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM-768x430.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM.png 832w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 485px) 100vw, 485px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A page from a powerpoint by Californians for Balanced Energy Solutions, cited in a Sierra Club legal motion.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We know we have to move past gas to address climate change, to improve air quality, and so on,” said Earthjustice attorney Matt Vespa, who was among the first to raise questions about the utility’s tactics. “They’ve been fighting against this time and again; now they’re amplifying their efforts even more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas countered in a statement that while it has respect for the Public Advocates Office, the claims that the company lied or misled regulators are “simply untrue.” SoCalGas \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Efile/G000/M277/K270/277270076.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">argues\u003c/a> that “[c]onsumers want choice,” and the company is offering that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Who is Californians for Balanced Energy Solutions?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas heats water for showers, warms homes in winter, tumbles clothes dry, and cooks food in many California kitchens. That’s why buildings contribute about 25% of the state’s carbon pollution; they’re an often overlooked source of fossil fuel emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians for Balanced Energy Solutions, or C4BES, focuses on kitchens. Its website features homey, multiracial photos of happy people cooking food, all gathered around flame-fed stoves. The nonprofit registered with the state in January, saying it was “representing the interests of gas industrial, commercial and residential users.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics, including Earthjustice and the Sierra Club, argue that the group is a front; documents filed with the CPUC reveal that SoCalGas paid consultants to set up C4BES. Language the utility circulated in recruiting for the organization is nearly word-for-word the same as in the core principles now on the C4BES website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"left\" citation=\"Steve Weissman, former administrative law judge, CPUC\"]‘When the merits of the action you want to take stand on their own, you don’t have to be deceptive about selling it.’[/pullquote]Earthjustice’s Vespa says he first got suspicious of C4BES in the spring. He and other environmental advocates dug into it and found that last October, SoCalGas public policy manager Ken Chawkins offered a “welcome…aboard” to new C4BES board chair Matt Rahn, a Temecula city council member. SoCalGas itself has a representative on the C4BES board, as do eight organizations that received donations from the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Southern California Gas says it has been transparent in its role starting and funding the nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the organization joined the regulatory proceeding, saying it wanted to speak for gas users, C4BES \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Efile/G000/M292/K932/292932611.PDF\">didn’t declare\u003c/a> any relationship with a regulated investor-owned utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthjustice, Sierra Club and the Public Advocates office say that’s a big deal. Using shareholder money, utilities can advocate for themselves when regulators make rules. But critics say SoCalGas shouldn’t be able to spend money from shareholders or its customers to create a “separate” group to give itself a second voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945951\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945951\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A drilling rig probes for natural gas on farm property in the Sacramento Valley. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Given the overlap between what the utility says and what the nonprofit says, “the way that SoCal Gas is attempting to inject those comments and ideas into the discourse, I think they should just raise those directly,” said Campbell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vespa calls the relationship between the utility and the nonprofit outrageous. “It just really does fundamentally undermine the integrity of commission proceedings and transparency,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley law lecturer Steve Weissman, a former administrative law judge at the CPUC, says he’s seen SoCalGas do this before: create organizations, populate them with supporters, and use the organizations’ support to bolster their points. But neither he nor Vespa has ever heard of a nonprofit funded by a utility seeking to become a party to a rulemaking like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the merits of the action you want to take stand on their own,” Weissman said, “you don’t have to be deceptive about selling it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Who’s Paying for This Advocacy?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investor-owned utilities are tightly regulated in how they can advocate for their interests; they’re not supposed to use ratepayer funds for political lobbying. And SoCalGas asserts that its “financial support for C4BES does not come from ratepayer dollars.” But according to Mike Campbell, from the public watchdog’s office, that’s “not credible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell points out that in official information requests, the utility has given the Public Advocates Office multiple conflicting answers about what money, from what internal accounts, is going toward C4BES. For example, in one response, the utility claimed that the consultants who helped launch C4BES were paid half out of ratepayer funds and half out of shareholder funds. After questions about funding spilled into the regulatory proceeding, SoCalGas now says the consultants were paid with shareholder funds, on which there are fewer limitations.\u003cbr>\n[aside postID='science_1945656']The Public Advocates office often requests information from utilities; according to Campbell, not often do the companies offer murky answers, then modify them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then as you [continue to] follow up, then another effort to mislead,” he said. “That’s extremely uncommon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the Public Advocates Office has asked the commission to investigate the relationship between the nonprofit and the utility, and sanction SoCalGas for violating Rule 1.1, under which anyone appearing before the CPUC \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M209/K618/209618807.PDF\">agrees\u003c/a> “never to mislead the Commission or its staff by an artifice or false statement of fact or law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ethical Questions Abound For SoCalGas Advocacy\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you pay your gas or electric bill in California, you’re also paying for your utility to weigh in on technical issues like energy efficiency, and complex codes and standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, critics have scrutinized SoCalGas’s advocacy, arguing that customers are paying for lobbying that would benefit shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As SoCalGas made its case for raising rates last year, Earthjustice and the Sierra Club \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/Sierra-Club-and-UCS_Opening-Brief_2018-09-21.pdf\">pointed out\u003c/a> the utility spent customer money on, for example, mailings that mislead customers on the relative costs of gas and electric heating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"left\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Mike Campbell, Office of the Public Advocate, CPUC\"]‘I mean, if you’re willing to lie about little things, why wouldn’t you mislead about the big things?’[/pullquote]And commissioners sanctioned SoCalGas for its advocacy about new specifications for everything from dishwashers to pool pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, commissioners concluded that SoCalGas used money from customers to advocate \u003ci>against \u003c/i>stricter codes and standards, not \u003ci>for \u003c/i>them, and that “there is a potential for SoCalGas to misuse ratepayer funds authorized for codes and standards advocacy.” As a result, through 2025, SoCalGas \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M215/K706/215706139.PDF\">isn’t supposed to\u003c/a> charge ratepayers to do codes and standards advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the Public Advocates Office says SoCalGas is violating that order, and they want the company sanctioned for that as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have evidence that they continued to work to undermine codes and standards even after the commission said you shouldn’t do that,” Campbell said. “And they kept charging those costs to ratepayers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aggressive Advocacy Across the State\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say SoCalGas’ aggressive advocacy sprawls beyond the PUC, into county board rooms and town council meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning last June, SoCalGas crisscrossed the state making \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/Sierra-Club-Response-to-SoCalGas-Motion-to-Strike_2019-07-05.pdf\">dozens\u003c/a> of presentations — to city and county governments, local associations, and chambers of commerce — using the words “balanced energy solutions” and urging people to join the free group, C4BES.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two Southern California cities and three Central Valley counties have passed identical-language resolutions backing SoCalGas’ vision for “balanced energy solutions.” Supervisors in Kern, Tulare and Kings County approved the resolutions on their consent calendars, meaning without public discussion, and forwarded them as recommendations to legislators and regulators. Local reporting characterized their resolutions as evidence that the Central Valley doesn’t really share a Berkeley-type vision for moving away from natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most active people on the C4BES \u003ca href=\"https://c4bes.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook page\u003c/a> are from the utility and the consulting firm that helped the utility set up the nonprofit. That page counts more than a thousand hidden members. But few people engage with it: Most likes come from people affiliated with SoCalGas, including former community relations manager Alexander Kim and current public policy manager Ken Chawkins; from independent lobbyists for SoCalGas like Chris Gilbride; and from consultants (including Jorge Flores and Richard Lichtenstein) at Marathon Communications, which appears to have helped set up the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An email to Jim McDaniel, a Marathon consultant named in the Public Advocates file, was forwarded to Marathon, who declined to comment on Marathon and McDaniel’s behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas has long positioned itself as a safe, clean, reliable bridge to a lighter-carbon future: an alternative to heavier fossil fuels at one end, and the daily ebb and flow of renewable energy at the other. But critics say infrastructure failures, including at the Aliso Canyon Gas Field in Los Angeles County, have helped make gas more expensive for California ratepayers in the last couple of years. Not long ago, the PUC opened \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M307/K534/307534571.PDF\">two investigations\u003c/a> into SoCalGas, over Aliso Canyon failures, and over SoCalGas and Sempra safety culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scattered ethics complaints, including the latest one about a nonprofit now clearly affiliated with SoCalGas, may seem small compared to penalties under consideration for wildfires, and the lobbying dollars other utilities put into that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Campbell says it’s emblematic of a larger problem. “I mean, if you’re willing to lie about little things, why wouldn’t you mislead about the big things?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The battle for California’s carbon-free future might one day come to your kitchen stove, but right now it’s at the state Public Utilities Commission, where Southern California Gas is fighting for its business -- and a watchdog says the utility’s not fighting fairly.",
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"description": "The battle for California’s carbon-free future might one day come to your kitchen stove, but right now it’s at the state Public Utilities Commission, where Southern California Gas is fighting for its business -- and a watchdog says the utility’s not fighting fairly.",
"title": "SoCalGas Admits Funding 'Front' Group in Fight for Its Future | KQED",
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"headline": "SoCalGas Admits Funding 'Front' Group in Fight for Its Future",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Right now, regulators at the California Public Utilities Commission are weighing exactly how and when to wean the state away from natural gas. That means Southern California Gas is fighting for its future, and the Public Advocates Office, an independent watchdog within the CPUC, says the utility’s not fighting fairly, lying to regulators and violating ethics and other rules in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘SoCalGas is really clear that it sees the state’s climate goals really as an existential threat.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>SoCalGas, a Sempra Company, produces only one thing; with the state aiming for 100% renewable energy by 2045, the company’s days of selling natural gas to millions of customers are numbered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“SoCalGas is really clear that it sees the state’s climate goals really as an existential threat,” said Mike Campbell, a program manager with the Public Advocates Office, which represents ratepayers in commission proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell’s office argues that the utility’s tactics include lying to regulators, undermining efficiency codes and standards, and “astroturfing”: funding a seemingly independent advocacy group with ratepayer money. The independent watchdog is asking the commission to sanction SoCalGas, investigate its relationship with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://c4bes.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Californians for Balanced Energy Solutions\u003c/a>, and withhold bonuses that would benefit the utility’s shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While utilities commonly work to sway regulatory outcomes, critics say what SoCalGas is doing is out of the ordinary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945946\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 485px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1945946\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM-800x448.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"485\" height=\"272\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM-800x448.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM-768x430.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Screen-Shot-2019-07-31-at-5.40.00-PM.png 832w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 485px) 100vw, 485px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A page from a powerpoint by Californians for Balanced Energy Solutions, cited in a Sierra Club legal motion.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We know we have to move past gas to address climate change, to improve air quality, and so on,” said Earthjustice attorney Matt Vespa, who was among the first to raise questions about the utility’s tactics. “They’ve been fighting against this time and again; now they’re amplifying their efforts even more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas countered in a statement that while it has respect for the Public Advocates Office, the claims that the company lied or misled regulators are “simply untrue.” SoCalGas \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Efile/G000/M277/K270/277270076.PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">argues\u003c/a> that “[c]onsumers want choice,” and the company is offering that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Who is Californians for Balanced Energy Solutions?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas heats water for showers, warms homes in winter, tumbles clothes dry, and cooks food in many California kitchens. That’s why buildings contribute about 25% of the state’s carbon pollution; they’re an often overlooked source of fossil fuel emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians for Balanced Energy Solutions, or C4BES, focuses on kitchens. Its website features homey, multiracial photos of happy people cooking food, all gathered around flame-fed stoves. The nonprofit registered with the state in January, saying it was “representing the interests of gas industrial, commercial and residential users.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics, including Earthjustice and the Sierra Club, argue that the group is a front; documents filed with the CPUC reveal that SoCalGas paid consultants to set up C4BES. Language the utility circulated in recruiting for the organization is nearly word-for-word the same as in the core principles now on the C4BES website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘When the merits of the action you want to take stand on their own, you don’t have to be deceptive about selling it.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Earthjustice’s Vespa says he first got suspicious of C4BES in the spring. He and other environmental advocates dug into it and found that last October, SoCalGas public policy manager Ken Chawkins offered a “welcome…aboard” to new C4BES board chair Matt Rahn, a Temecula city council member. SoCalGas itself has a representative on the C4BES board, as do eight organizations that received donations from the utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Southern California Gas says it has been transparent in its role starting and funding the nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the organization joined the regulatory proceeding, saying it wanted to speak for gas users, C4BES \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Efile/G000/M292/K932/292932611.PDF\">didn’t declare\u003c/a> any relationship with a regulated investor-owned utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthjustice, Sierra Club and the Public Advocates office say that’s a big deal. Using shareholder money, utilities can advocate for themselves when regulators make rules. But critics say SoCalGas shouldn’t be able to spend money from shareholders or its customers to create a “separate” group to give itself a second voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945951\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1945951\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/RS3943_IMG_3348.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A drilling rig probes for natural gas on farm property in the Sacramento Valley. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Given the overlap between what the utility says and what the nonprofit says, “the way that SoCal Gas is attempting to inject those comments and ideas into the discourse, I think they should just raise those directly,” said Campbell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vespa calls the relationship between the utility and the nonprofit outrageous. “It just really does fundamentally undermine the integrity of commission proceedings and transparency,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley law lecturer Steve Weissman, a former administrative law judge at the CPUC, says he’s seen SoCalGas do this before: create organizations, populate them with supporters, and use the organizations’ support to bolster their points. But neither he nor Vespa has ever heard of a nonprofit funded by a utility seeking to become a party to a rulemaking like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the merits of the action you want to take stand on their own,” Weissman said, “you don’t have to be deceptive about selling it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Who’s Paying for This Advocacy?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investor-owned utilities are tightly regulated in how they can advocate for their interests; they’re not supposed to use ratepayer funds for political lobbying. And SoCalGas asserts that its “financial support for C4BES does not come from ratepayer dollars.” But according to Mike Campbell, from the public watchdog’s office, that’s “not credible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell points out that in official information requests, the utility has given the Public Advocates Office multiple conflicting answers about what money, from what internal accounts, is going toward C4BES. For example, in one response, the utility claimed that the consultants who helped launch C4BES were paid half out of ratepayer funds and half out of shareholder funds. After questions about funding spilled into the regulatory proceeding, SoCalGas now says the consultants were paid with shareholder funds, on which there are fewer limitations.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Public Advocates office often requests information from utilities; according to Campbell, not often do the companies offer murky answers, then modify them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then as you [continue to] follow up, then another effort to mislead,” he said. “That’s extremely uncommon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the Public Advocates Office has asked the commission to investigate the relationship between the nonprofit and the utility, and sanction SoCalGas for violating Rule 1.1, under which anyone appearing before the CPUC \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M209/K618/209618807.PDF\">agrees\u003c/a> “never to mislead the Commission or its staff by an artifice or false statement of fact or law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Ethical Questions Abound For SoCalGas Advocacy\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you pay your gas or electric bill in California, you’re also paying for your utility to weigh in on technical issues like energy efficiency, and complex codes and standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, critics have scrutinized SoCalGas’s advocacy, arguing that customers are paying for lobbying that would benefit shareholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As SoCalGas made its case for raising rates last year, Earthjustice and the Sierra Club \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/Sierra-Club-and-UCS_Opening-Brief_2018-09-21.pdf\">pointed out\u003c/a> the utility spent customer money on, for example, mailings that mislead customers on the relative costs of gas and electric heating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And commissioners sanctioned SoCalGas for its advocacy about new specifications for everything from dishwashers to pool pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, commissioners concluded that SoCalGas used money from customers to advocate \u003ci>against \u003c/i>stricter codes and standards, not \u003ci>for \u003c/i>them, and that “there is a potential for SoCalGas to misuse ratepayer funds authorized for codes and standards advocacy.” As a result, through 2025, SoCalGas \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M215/K706/215706139.PDF\">isn’t supposed to\u003c/a> charge ratepayers to do codes and standards advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the Public Advocates Office says SoCalGas is violating that order, and they want the company sanctioned for that as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have evidence that they continued to work to undermine codes and standards even after the commission said you shouldn’t do that,” Campbell said. “And they kept charging those costs to ratepayers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Aggressive Advocacy Across the State\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say SoCalGas’ aggressive advocacy sprawls beyond the PUC, into county board rooms and town council meetings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning last June, SoCalGas crisscrossed the state making \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/Sierra-Club-Response-to-SoCalGas-Motion-to-Strike_2019-07-05.pdf\">dozens\u003c/a> of presentations — to city and county governments, local associations, and chambers of commerce — using the words “balanced energy solutions” and urging people to join the free group, C4BES.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two Southern California cities and three Central Valley counties have passed identical-language resolutions backing SoCalGas’ vision for “balanced energy solutions.” Supervisors in Kern, Tulare and Kings County approved the resolutions on their consent calendars, meaning without public discussion, and forwarded them as recommendations to legislators and regulators. Local reporting characterized their resolutions as evidence that the Central Valley doesn’t really share a Berkeley-type vision for moving away from natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most active people on the C4BES \u003ca href=\"https://c4bes.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook page\u003c/a> are from the utility and the consulting firm that helped the utility set up the nonprofit. That page counts more than a thousand hidden members. But few people engage with it: Most likes come from people affiliated with SoCalGas, including former community relations manager Alexander Kim and current public policy manager Ken Chawkins; from independent lobbyists for SoCalGas like Chris Gilbride; and from consultants (including Jorge Flores and Richard Lichtenstein) at Marathon Communications, which appears to have helped set up the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An email to Jim McDaniel, a Marathon consultant named in the Public Advocates file, was forwarded to Marathon, who declined to comment on Marathon and McDaniel’s behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural gas has long positioned itself as a safe, clean, reliable bridge to a lighter-carbon future: an alternative to heavier fossil fuels at one end, and the daily ebb and flow of renewable energy at the other. But critics say infrastructure failures, including at the Aliso Canyon Gas Field in Los Angeles County, have helped make gas more expensive for California ratepayers in the last couple of years. Not long ago, the PUC opened \u003ca href=\"http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M307/K534/307534571.PDF\">two investigations\u003c/a> into SoCalGas, over Aliso Canyon failures, and over SoCalGas and Sempra safety culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scattered ethics complaints, including the latest one about a nonprofit now clearly affiliated with SoCalGas, may seem small compared to penalties under consideration for wildfires, and the lobbying dollars other utilities put into that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Campbell says it’s emblematic of a larger problem. “I mean, if you’re willing to lie about little things, why wouldn’t you mislead about the big things?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "California Pushes Ahead With Self-driving Vehicles | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California is laying the groundwork for the next, slightly scary, phase in its push toward zero-emission transportation: self-driving cars packed with computers using finely tuned algorithms, high-definition cameras, radar and other high-tech gadgetry. What the driverless cars won’t feature: steering wheels, brake pedals and gas pedals.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote align='right' citation='Daniel Sperling, UC Davis']‘It could lead to a dramatic improvement in safety, a dramatic improvement for mobility for the elderly, for physically disabled people and for low-income communities.’[/pullquote]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autonomous vehicles, mostly electric, are already here in a limited fashion—as a slow van, for example, to move people around a Bay Area \u003ca href=\"https://ccta.net/2018/10/16/first-autonomous-shuttle-test-on-public-roads-in-ca/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">office park\u003c/a>. That kind of shuttle, and small delivery trucks, will likely be the first self-driving vehicles in wide use, employing\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>GPS, 3-D imaging and other technology to process and respond to what their cameras see on the road: other cars, pavement markings, traffic signals, pedestrians, etc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say automated cars will dovetail in two ways with greenhouse-gas-cutting policies in California, where the transportation sector belches out nearly half of the state’s climate-warming emissions. They’ll be included in the fleets of ridesharing companies, reducing the number of personal cars on the road as the state transitions to electricity-powered transportation. And they’ll almost certainly operate on batteries (though some could run on zero-emission hydrogen fuel cells), helping motorists wean themselves off gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If properly managed, the coming driverless-car revolution\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>could address other vexing problems as well, said Daniel Sperling, who directs the Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis. He cited his sister’s poor peripheral vision, which prevents her from driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could lead to a dramatic improvement in safety, a dramatic improvement for mobility for the elderly, for physically disabled people and for low-income communities,” he said. For many, autonomous vehicles will mean emancipation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, computer-driven cars are expected to reduce fatalities. They will never be afflicted with road rage, will not stop off after work for one too many and won’t nod off after endless hours on the road. And productivity could rise as motorists who now lose hundreds of hours idling in traffic each year are freed from the tyranny of paying attention and can legally text, work, answer email and even watch YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a significant step from allowing testing of automated cars in protected, supervised settings to unleashing them solo on the road, which experts say remains on a far horizon. There is much to be perfected: how best to turn left in traffic, for example, a maneuver that bedevils many human drivers. Multiply that by many more dicey scenarios and it makes sense that test vehicles’ current response to most obstacles is to just slow down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1945823 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/driverless-2-e1564428749657.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"578\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says human errors cause 94% of serious crashes, motorists are reluctant to turn over the controls to computers, telling pollsters they prefer to drive a car, not interface with one. And the potential for hacking has led some doubters to paint a future in which bad actors “weaponize” a vehicle, taking over the controls with harmful intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/AVSummaryGraphic-7.24.19.jpg\">pressing ahead\u003c/a>. It was among the first states to contemplate a future for autonomous cars, when the Legislature in 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201120120SB1298\">authorized\u003c/a> the Department of Motor Vehicles to devise rules for them. Those regulations are now the nation’s most extensive; in April the DMV \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/1ba842c8-c3c9-4204-affb-698d248b8a14/avldmt_InitialStatementofReasons.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=\">proposed\u003c/a> allowing testing of autonomous lightweight delivery trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to know what you are regulating, and we had to go to manufacturers to understand the technology,” said Brian Soublet, the DMV’s chief counsel, who has been writing the regulations since 2014 and is excited about leading the way. “We had to start from scratch….My kids are tired of hearing about it, but to me it’s completely fascinating—the future of how we are getting around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-wrapper -single\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The Governor’s Office of Planning and Research has set out \u003ca href=\"http://opr.ca.gov/planning/transportation/automated-vehicles.html\">principles\u003c/a>, such as prioritizing emissions reduction and more car-sharing, to help guide future\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>state\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>policies on smart cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California’s controversial 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1\">gas-tax increase\u003c/a> encourages the transportation department and local jurisdictions to tap road funds to build infrastructure that smart cars will require, such as traffic lights that tell them how much time remains on a green light and freeway signs that announce their messages digitally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DMV has doled out permits to more than 60 companies for testing autonomous cars—nearly 800 of them—on California streets. Those vehicles have traveled more than 3.6 million miles and have been involved in 177 collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a free-for-all. Testing has been allowed since 2014, in nearly every case with a human “safety driver” on board, able to take over the car’s controls. And, although one company, Waymo, has a permit to conduct tests without a driver, it has yet to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The future can be glimpsed at a former Navy base near the Bay Area city of Concord, converted to the nation’s largest autonomous-vehicle proving ground where computer-driven cars are let off their leashes and are free to roam across 2,100 acres. The facility, \u003ca href=\"https://gomentumstation.net/about/\">GoMentum Station\u003c/a>, run by the American Automobile Association, is an innovation hive where Silicon Valley marries its futuristic vision to the automobile industry’s traditional\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>know-how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California could reap economic benefits from a smart-car industry,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>attracting new business and jobs, officials say. Researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.alixpartners.com/media-center/press-releases/alixpartners-global-automotive-industry-outlook-2019/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosautonomousvehicles&stream=autonomous-vehicles\">forecast\u003c/a> that investment in the technology, by traditional industry players and newcomers alike, will grow to $85 billion nationally through 2025, on top of $225 billion in spending on electric vehicles through 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This transformation in transportation is taking place in a deceptively modest setting. The testing area has all the dusty charm of an abandoned town: shuttered buildings and empty parking lots, along with cattle, wild turkeys and coyotes wandering freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s perfect in the eyes of Randy Iwasaki, executive director of the Contra Costa Transportation Authority, which is a partner in the facility. He guided his electric (though not autonomous) car along some of the 20 miles of rough streets on a recent day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at this road, it’s cracked, you can barely see the center line it’s so worn, there are weeds growing all over,” Iwasaki said with a trace of pride. When testing first began, researchers\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>had to mow the streets because the earliest automated vehicles perceived that they had wandered off-road. The imperfections provide excellent preparation for the vehicles to navigate California’s bumpy, clogged and often chaotic streetscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility also features 45 types of intersections, various railroad crossings and a warehouse full of “targets”—vinyl deer decoys, pedestrian mannequins, bicycles and traffic cones. Such accessories help the vehicles “learn” to process what they see and make decisions through artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>camera vision is great, but the perception is not always there,” said Huei Peng, who directs an autonomous-vehicle research program at the University of Michigan. “The vehicles can see, but they can’t always understand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iwasaki explained this in people terms: At age 24 or 25, humans may be at the peak of their acuity, with quick reflexes and excellent vision. But drivers of that age lack a broad base of experience to make informed decisions about the safest responses in traffic. The current generation of automated vehicles, Iwasaki reckons, is still in its 20s and has much to learn from errors on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ignorance of some learned conventions and courtesies of driving gives many motorists pause. But they can relax: California is a long way—a decade or more—from hosting truly autonomous cars on city streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iwaskai said most autonomous cars being tested in California are operating at very low speeds, almost crawling. That’s because their computers need time to analyze what they are seeing. “If computers got faster you could drive faster, but they are not ready to make that jump,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uneasy about self-driving cars? Your vehicle is partly autonomous if it has such features as cruise control, parking assist and lane-keeping notifications. If you own a Tesla, you may have the highly advanced \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/autopilot\">Autopilot\u003c/a>, which makes decisions about steering and speed that maintain the vehicle within its lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s critical is the programming instructions companies feed to their computers\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to teach them decision-making of the sort human drivers make every day: Is it appropriate to break the law and cross a double yellow line to avoid an accident? Is it ok to drive on the shoulder to get around an obstacle?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programmers use real-world experiences, like the cars get at GoMentum Station, to build databases enabling the vehicles to make split-second decisions as people do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernard Soriano, deputy director of the state DMV, said his agency issues a driver’s license when a human exhibits a “minimum set of skills” and can be expected to improve over time. Autonomous cars will be held to the same standard, he said. At the moment, the state requires manufacturers to self-certify that their vehicles operate within the rules of the road—not exceeding the speed limit or crossing double lines, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autonomous vehicles are programmed to be cautious, to put safety first and to always obey the law. That typically translates into low speeds and frequent braking, trying the patience of the humans involved in the testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes for a sobering real-world scenario: What happens when fleets of law-abiding, speed-limit-adhering cars hit the road and mingle with California’s sometimes willful motorists, known to call their own shots?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an ongoing discussion,” Soriano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\">\u003cem>CALmatters\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a non-profit journalism venture dedicated to exploring state policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is laying the groundwork for the next, slightly scary, phase in its push toward zero-emission transportation: self-driving cars packed with computers using finely tuned algorithms, high-definition cameras, radar and other high-tech gadgetry. What the driverless cars won’t feature: steering wheels, brake pedals and gas pedals.\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autonomous vehicles, mostly electric, are already here in a limited fashion—as a slow van, for example, to move people around a Bay Area \u003ca href=\"https://ccta.net/2018/10/16/first-autonomous-shuttle-test-on-public-roads-in-ca/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">office park\u003c/a>. That kind of shuttle, and small delivery trucks, will likely be the first self-driving vehicles in wide use, employing\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>GPS, 3-D imaging and other technology to process and respond to what their cameras see on the road: other cars, pavement markings, traffic signals, pedestrians, etc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say automated cars will dovetail in two ways with greenhouse-gas-cutting policies in California, where the transportation sector belches out nearly half of the state’s climate-warming emissions. They’ll be included in the fleets of ridesharing companies, reducing the number of personal cars on the road as the state transitions to electricity-powered transportation. And they’ll almost certainly operate on batteries (though some could run on zero-emission hydrogen fuel cells), helping motorists wean themselves off gasoline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If properly managed, the coming driverless-car revolution\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>could address other vexing problems as well, said Daniel Sperling, who directs the Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis. He cited his sister’s poor peripheral vision, which prevents her from driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could lead to a dramatic improvement in safety, a dramatic improvement for mobility for the elderly, for physically disabled people and for low-income communities,” he said. For many, autonomous vehicles will mean emancipation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, computer-driven cars are expected to reduce fatalities. They will never be afflicted with road rage, will not stop off after work for one too many and won’t nod off after endless hours on the road. And productivity could rise as motorists who now lose hundreds of hours idling in traffic each year are freed from the tyranny of paying attention and can legally text, work, answer email and even watch YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a significant step from allowing testing of automated cars in protected, supervised settings to unleashing them solo on the road, which experts say remains on a far horizon. There is much to be perfected: how best to turn left in traffic, for example, a maneuver that bedevils many human drivers. Multiply that by many more dicey scenarios and it makes sense that test vehicles’ current response to most obstacles is to just slow down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1945823 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/driverless-2-e1564428749657.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"578\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says human errors cause 94% of serious crashes, motorists are reluctant to turn over the controls to computers, telling pollsters they prefer to drive a car, not interface with one. And the potential for hacking has led some doubters to paint a future in which bad actors “weaponize” a vehicle, taking over the controls with harmful intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California is \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/AVSummaryGraphic-7.24.19.jpg\">pressing ahead\u003c/a>. It was among the first states to contemplate a future for autonomous cars, when the Legislature in 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201120120SB1298\">authorized\u003c/a> the Department of Motor Vehicles to devise rules for them. Those regulations are now the nation’s most extensive; in April the DMV \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/1ba842c8-c3c9-4204-affb-698d248b8a14/avldmt_InitialStatementofReasons.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=\">proposed\u003c/a> allowing testing of autonomous lightweight delivery trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to know what you are regulating, and we had to go to manufacturers to understand the technology,” said Brian Soublet, the DMV’s chief counsel, who has been writing the regulations since 2014 and is excited about leading the way. “We had to start from scratch….My kids are tired of hearing about it, but to me it’s completely fascinating—the future of how we are getting around.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-wrapper -single\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The Governor’s Office of Planning and Research has set out \u003ca href=\"http://opr.ca.gov/planning/transportation/automated-vehicles.html\">principles\u003c/a>, such as prioritizing emissions reduction and more car-sharing, to help guide future\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>state\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>policies on smart cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California’s controversial 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1\">gas-tax increase\u003c/a> encourages the transportation department and local jurisdictions to tap road funds to build infrastructure that smart cars will require, such as traffic lights that tell them how much time remains on a green light and freeway signs that announce their messages digitally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DMV has doled out permits to more than 60 companies for testing autonomous cars—nearly 800 of them—on California streets. Those vehicles have traveled more than 3.6 million miles and have been involved in 177 collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a free-for-all. Testing has been allowed since 2014, in nearly every case with a human “safety driver” on board, able to take over the car’s controls. And, although one company, Waymo, has a permit to conduct tests without a driver, it has yet to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The future can be glimpsed at a former Navy base near the Bay Area city of Concord, converted to the nation’s largest autonomous-vehicle proving ground where computer-driven cars are let off their leashes and are free to roam across 2,100 acres. The facility, \u003ca href=\"https://gomentumstation.net/about/\">GoMentum Station\u003c/a>, run by the American Automobile Association, is an innovation hive where Silicon Valley marries its futuristic vision to the automobile industry’s traditional\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>know-how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California could reap economic benefits from a smart-car industry,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>attracting new business and jobs, officials say. Researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.alixpartners.com/media-center/press-releases/alixpartners-global-automotive-industry-outlook-2019/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosautonomousvehicles&stream=autonomous-vehicles\">forecast\u003c/a> that investment in the technology, by traditional industry players and newcomers alike, will grow to $85 billion nationally through 2025, on top of $225 billion in spending on electric vehicles through 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This transformation in transportation is taking place in a deceptively modest setting. The testing area has all the dusty charm of an abandoned town: shuttered buildings and empty parking lots, along with cattle, wild turkeys and coyotes wandering freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s perfect in the eyes of Randy Iwasaki, executive director of the Contra Costa Transportation Authority, which is a partner in the facility. He guided his electric (though not autonomous) car along some of the 20 miles of rough streets on a recent day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at this road, it’s cracked, you can barely see the center line it’s so worn, there are weeds growing all over,” Iwasaki said with a trace of pride. When testing first began, researchers\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>had to mow the streets because the earliest automated vehicles perceived that they had wandered off-road. The imperfections provide excellent preparation for the vehicles to navigate California’s bumpy, clogged and often chaotic streetscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility also features 45 types of intersections, various railroad crossings and a warehouse full of “targets”—vinyl deer decoys, pedestrian mannequins, bicycles and traffic cones. Such accessories help the vehicles “learn” to process what they see and make decisions through artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>camera vision is great, but the perception is not always there,” said Huei Peng, who directs an autonomous-vehicle research program at the University of Michigan. “The vehicles can see, but they can’t always understand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iwasaki explained this in people terms: At age 24 or 25, humans may be at the peak of their acuity, with quick reflexes and excellent vision. But drivers of that age lack a broad base of experience to make informed decisions about the safest responses in traffic. The current generation of automated vehicles, Iwasaki reckons, is still in its 20s and has much to learn from errors on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ignorance of some learned conventions and courtesies of driving gives many motorists pause. But they can relax: California is a long way—a decade or more—from hosting truly autonomous cars on city streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iwaskai said most autonomous cars being tested in California are operating at very low speeds, almost crawling. That’s because their computers need time to analyze what they are seeing. “If computers got faster you could drive faster, but they are not ready to make that jump,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uneasy about self-driving cars? Your vehicle is partly autonomous if it has such features as cruise control, parking assist and lane-keeping notifications. If you own a Tesla, you may have the highly advanced \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/autopilot\">Autopilot\u003c/a>, which makes decisions about steering and speed that maintain the vehicle within its lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s critical is the programming instructions companies feed to their computers\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to teach them decision-making of the sort human drivers make every day: Is it appropriate to break the law and cross a double yellow line to avoid an accident? Is it ok to drive on the shoulder to get around an obstacle?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programmers use real-world experiences, like the cars get at GoMentum Station, to build databases enabling the vehicles to make split-second decisions as people do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernard Soriano, deputy director of the state DMV, said his agency issues a driver’s license when a human exhibits a “minimum set of skills” and can be expected to improve over time. Autonomous cars will be held to the same standard, he said. At the moment, the state requires manufacturers to self-certify that their vehicles operate within the rules of the road—not exceeding the speed limit or crossing double lines, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autonomous vehicles are programmed to be cautious, to put safety first and to always obey the law. That typically translates into low speeds and frequent braking, trying the patience of the humans involved in the testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes for a sobering real-world scenario: What happens when fleets of law-abiding, speed-limit-adhering cars hit the road and mingle with California’s sometimes willful motorists, known to call their own shots?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an ongoing discussion,” Soriano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Heat Wave Descends on East Bay Hills and I-80 Corridor This Weekend",
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"content": "\u003cp>After a relatively mild July, a potentially dangerous heat wave is expected to descend across a vast swath of East Bay and Central California cities and towns this weekend. The National Weather Service (NWS) has issued a heat advisory for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay\u003c/a> inland hills and valleys from Concord to Livermore; the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/sto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I-80 corridor\u003c/a> from Vallejo out past Sacramento into El Dorado County; and for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">450-mile stretch\u003c/a> between Bakersfield and Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather officials expect the heat to start up Saturday morning by 11, and last through 11 p.m. Sunday. With temperatures reaching 105 degrees in the East Bay and 109 degrees in the Central Valley, NWS meteorologist Spencer Tangen says people need to be ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll have to watch out for these hot temperatures,” he said, “and think about what they can do to prepare for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Widespread 90s and 100s are forecast this afternoon across inland valleys and interior locations 🌡️. Stay safe out there, and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BeatTheHeat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BeatTheHeat\u003c/a>! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAwx?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAwx\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAheat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAheat\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/h7pRWiateN\">pic.twitter.com/h7pRWiateN\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1155091433789018112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 27, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tangen says it’s important to stay hydrated, reschedule any outside work or exercise to the morning if possible, and avoid high midday temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People without access to air conditioning or a pool can find themselves in a dangerous situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933237/investigation-finds-home-can-be-the-most-dangerous-place-in-a-heat-wave\">KQED investigation\u003c/a> of home temperatures in Antioch and other places around the Bay Area last summer found that staying inside all day and night in a home without air conditioning can be the worst thing to do in a heat wave; every home we measured stayed hotter inside than outside — as much as 15 to 20 degrees hotter. And they stayed hot well into the night, when people’s bodies need to cool off to prevent heat from building up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect yourself, seek out public areas with air conditioning such as malls, grocery stores or libraries, and check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/list-cooling-centers-around-the-bay-area/\">this list\u003c/a> of cooling centers near the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSSacramento/status/1154799593516883968\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State public health officials also recommend checking on neighbors and vulnerable people such as the elderly, small children, those who live alone, and those with chronic illness (check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-stroke/symptoms-causes/syc-20353581\">this list\u003c/a> to learn which medications and conditions might make you especially susceptible to heat-related illnesses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1945764\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"442\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-1020x1320.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-927x1200.jpg 927w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials say everyone should know how to recognize the signs of heat exhaustion (dizziness, excessive sweating, cramps, and nausea) and the more medically threatening condition, heat stroke (headache, rapid breathing, nausea, a racing heart rate, and absence of sweating).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of heat exhaustion, move to a cool place, air-conditioned if possible, and drink plenty of water. If you suspect heat stroke, call 9-1-1 immediately and keep yourself or the other person cool until help arrives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CAPublicHealth/status/1153689725670047744\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologist Tangen says this weekend’s heat wave is caused by an area of high pressure sweeping over the region. In contrast to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753427/first-heat-wave-of-the-year-hits-bay-area\">June’s heat wave,\u003c/a> temperatures around San Francisco Bay will stay slightly cooler this weekend. Tangen says this is because of a weather pattern called offshore flow, in which cooling winds blow from the ocean to the land and act as “natural air conditioning.” The inland areas where temperatures are expected to climb higher do not receive the cooling effects of offshore flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave is expected to be over late Sunday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a relatively mild July, a potentially dangerous heat wave is expected to descend across a vast swath of East Bay and Central California cities and towns this weekend. The National Weather Service (NWS) has issued a heat advisory for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mtr/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Bay\u003c/a> inland hills and valleys from Concord to Livermore; the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/sto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I-80 corridor\u003c/a> from Vallejo out past Sacramento into El Dorado County; and for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">450-mile stretch\u003c/a> between Bakersfield and Redding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather officials expect the heat to start up Saturday morning by 11, and last through 11 p.m. Sunday. With temperatures reaching 105 degrees in the East Bay and 109 degrees in the Central Valley, NWS meteorologist Spencer Tangen says people need to be ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ll have to watch out for these hot temperatures,” he said, “and think about what they can do to prepare for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Widespread 90s and 100s are forecast this afternoon across inland valleys and interior locations 🌡️. Stay safe out there, and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BeatTheHeat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BeatTheHeat\u003c/a>! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAwx?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAwx\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CAheat?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CAheat\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/h7pRWiateN\">pic.twitter.com/h7pRWiateN\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— NWS Bay Area (@NWSBayArea) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1155091433789018112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 27, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tangen says it’s important to stay hydrated, reschedule any outside work or exercise to the morning if possible, and avoid high midday temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People without access to air conditioning or a pool can find themselves in a dangerous situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933237/investigation-finds-home-can-be-the-most-dangerous-place-in-a-heat-wave\">KQED investigation\u003c/a> of home temperatures in Antioch and other places around the Bay Area last summer found that staying inside all day and night in a home without air conditioning can be the worst thing to do in a heat wave; every home we measured stayed hotter inside than outside — as much as 15 to 20 degrees hotter. And they stayed hot well into the night, when people’s bodies need to cool off to prevent heat from building up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect yourself, seek out public areas with air conditioning such as malls, grocery stores or libraries, and check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/list-cooling-centers-around-the-bay-area/\">this list\u003c/a> of cooling centers near the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>State public health officials also recommend checking on neighbors and vulnerable people such as the elderly, small children, those who live alone, and those with chronic illness (check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heat-stroke/symptoms-causes/syc-20353581\">this list\u003c/a> to learn which medications and conditions might make you especially susceptible to heat-related illnesses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1945764\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"442\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-160x207.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-768x994.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-1020x1320.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness-927x1200.jpg 927w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Heat_Illness.jpg 1275w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials say everyone should know how to recognize the signs of heat exhaustion (dizziness, excessive sweating, cramps, and nausea) and the more medically threatening condition, heat stroke (headache, rapid breathing, nausea, a racing heart rate, and absence of sweating).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of heat exhaustion, move to a cool place, air-conditioned if possible, and drink plenty of water. If you suspect heat stroke, call 9-1-1 immediately and keep yourself or the other person cool until help arrives.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Meteorologist Tangen says this weekend’s heat wave is caused by an area of high pressure sweeping over the region. In contrast to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753427/first-heat-wave-of-the-year-hits-bay-area\">June’s heat wave,\u003c/a> temperatures around San Francisco Bay will stay slightly cooler this weekend. Tangen says this is because of a weather pattern called offshore flow, in which cooling winds blow from the ocean to the land and act as “natural air conditioning.” The inland areas where temperatures are expected to climb higher do not receive the cooling effects of offshore flow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat wave is expected to be over late Sunday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California and Carmakers Reach Clean Vehicle Agreement, Rebuking Trump Administration",
"headTitle": "California and Carmakers Reach Clean Vehicle Agreement, Rebuking Trump Administration | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California Governor Gavin Newsom and top air regulators today announced an agreement with four major automakers on tailpipe emissions. The voluntary framework agreement with Ford, Honda, BMW of North America and Volkswagen Group of America will ramp up fuel efficiency standards over time and encourage investment in electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal between the automakers and the California Air Resources Board is a rebuke of the Trump Administration, which is preparing to loosen emission standards for small cars and trucks, one of the key steps in his effort to roll back climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Few issues are more pressing than climate change, a global threat that endangers our lives and livelihoods,” said Gov. Gavin Newsom in a statement emailed to reporters early Thursday. “I now call on the rest of the auto industry to join us, and for the Trump administration to adopt this pragmatic compromise instead of pursuing its regressive rule change. It’s the right thing for our economy, our people and our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement continues to move manufacturers’ fleets toward greater efficiency, though on a slower track than California had intended. State regulations originally pushed for a fleet wide average fuel efficiency of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=NHTSA-2018-0067-2151\">has since sought\u003c/a> to freeze the standard at current levels, just under 37 miles per gallon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the terms of the new deal, the four companies agree to achieve a fleet wide average fuel efficiency of 50 miles per gallon by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day, we don’t think that there is a net loss here,” said California Air Resources Board Chair Mary Nichols. “In fact, we think it’s an important signal of the momentum, willingness, and the recognition of the companies that this is the path that they that they need to be on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, seventeen automakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943038/automakers-urge-trump-to-restart-talks-with-california-on-mileage-standards\">wrote\u003c/a> to the EPA and to Newsom to urge both sides to restart negotiations. They suggested that EPA adopt a standard halfway between California’s desired one and its proposal to freeze at current levels. “We strongly believe the best path to preserve good auto jobs and keep new vehicles affordable for more Americans is a final rule supported by all parties — including California,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said he expected other companies to sign on to the deal, but it wasn’t immediately clear that they would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are driving toward a future of zero crashes, zero emissions, and zero congestion,” said Patrick Morrissey, a spokesman for General Motors Co. “As we have stated, the pathway includes continuously improving fuel economy and our commitment to an all-electric future. Our focus remains on working with all parties on a deal that would involve a 50-state solution and a national electric vehicle program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have, and continue to pursue an outcome supported by the auto industry at large, the Federal government and the State of California,” said Karen Nielsen, a spokeswoman for Toyota. “We believe a [national] approach is optimal for the consumer, regulators and the industry as it simplifies regulations and reduces complexity and cost, which are critical to ensuring future standards can be met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal is national for the companies participating, says Severin Borenstein, an economist at UC Berkeley’s Energy Institute at Haas Business School, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872390/california-strikes-emissions-deal-with-major-carmakers\">who appeared on KQED’s Forum\u003c/a>. But the Trump administration immediately dismissed the agreement, and federal officials said they would continue work on a national standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal EPA spokesman Michael Abboud \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-emissions/california-four-automakers-defy-trump-agree-to-tighten-emissions-rules-idUSKCN1UK1OD\">said\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/california-signs-deal-with-4-automakers-to-raise-gas-mileage/2019/07/25/c4b8a7ee-aed9-11e9-9411-a608f9d0c2d3_story.html?utm_term=.75a232e3c2de\">several\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2019/07/25/automakers-trump-carbon-emissions-epa/\">times\u003c/a> on Thursday that the deal is a “PR stunt” that wouldn’t change anything or provide certainty to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says that they are continuing to work with EPA toward a federal rule, likely after Labor Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, researchers from several institutions — including University of California, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Yale — analyzed the federal plan and \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6419/1119\">found\u003c/a> that it had “fundamental flaws and inconsistencies” and is “misleading.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is able to set its own stricter tailpipe emission standards under authority of the Clean Air Act; the federal government issued the state a waiver to do so, and over a dozen states have since followed suit. Revoking the waiver would require an act of Congress, which is unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there is a larger goal that the Trump administration has, which is they want to eliminate California’s waiver that allows it to promulgate its own environmental standards,” Borenstein said to KQED’s Michael Krasny. “They don’t like that in any area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simon Mui, a senior scientist with the Natural Resources Defense Council, called the deal a recognition of state authority. “If they believed the states didn’t have the authority in the first place, why would they be reaching an agreement?” he said. “This is really the automakers realizing that Trump is not going to solve their problems, and California trying to bring a bit more sanity to the regulatory chaos created by trying to roll back the rules.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials say they will continue to enforce state regulations and challenge the Trump Administration in the courts. And Newsom says that he expects more manufacturers to sign on to the standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact remains these companies are committed to California’s standards,” Newsom said. “Regardless of what the EPA does, I will continue to assert that California has the right to establish them, and they will manufacture to those standards.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Governor Gavin Newsom and top air regulators today announced an agreement with four major automakers on tailpipe emissions. The voluntary framework agreement with Ford, Honda, BMW of North America and Volkswagen Group of America will ramp up fuel efficiency standards over time and encourage investment in electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal between the automakers and the California Air Resources Board is a rebuke of the Trump Administration, which is preparing to loosen emission standards for small cars and trucks, one of the key steps in his effort to roll back climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Few issues are more pressing than climate change, a global threat that endangers our lives and livelihoods,” said Gov. Gavin Newsom in a statement emailed to reporters early Thursday. “I now call on the rest of the auto industry to join us, and for the Trump administration to adopt this pragmatic compromise instead of pursuing its regressive rule change. It’s the right thing for our economy, our people and our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement continues to move manufacturers’ fleets toward greater efficiency, though on a slower track than California had intended. State regulations originally pushed for a fleet wide average fuel efficiency of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=NHTSA-2018-0067-2151\">has since sought\u003c/a> to freeze the standard at current levels, just under 37 miles per gallon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the terms of the new deal, the four companies agree to achieve a fleet wide average fuel efficiency of 50 miles per gallon by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day, we don’t think that there is a net loss here,” said California Air Resources Board Chair Mary Nichols. “In fact, we think it’s an important signal of the momentum, willingness, and the recognition of the companies that this is the path that they that they need to be on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, seventeen automakers \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943038/automakers-urge-trump-to-restart-talks-with-california-on-mileage-standards\">wrote\u003c/a> to the EPA and to Newsom to urge both sides to restart negotiations. They suggested that EPA adopt a standard halfway between California’s desired one and its proposal to freeze at current levels. “We strongly believe the best path to preserve good auto jobs and keep new vehicles affordable for more Americans is a final rule supported by all parties — including California,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said he expected other companies to sign on to the deal, but it wasn’t immediately clear that they would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are driving toward a future of zero crashes, zero emissions, and zero congestion,” said Patrick Morrissey, a spokesman for General Motors Co. “As we have stated, the pathway includes continuously improving fuel economy and our commitment to an all-electric future. Our focus remains on working with all parties on a deal that would involve a 50-state solution and a national electric vehicle program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have, and continue to pursue an outcome supported by the auto industry at large, the Federal government and the State of California,” said Karen Nielsen, a spokeswoman for Toyota. “We believe a [national] approach is optimal for the consumer, regulators and the industry as it simplifies regulations and reduces complexity and cost, which are critical to ensuring future standards can be met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal is national for the companies participating, says Severin Borenstein, an economist at UC Berkeley’s Energy Institute at Haas Business School, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872390/california-strikes-emissions-deal-with-major-carmakers\">who appeared on KQED’s Forum\u003c/a>. But the Trump administration immediately dismissed the agreement, and federal officials said they would continue work on a national standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal EPA spokesman Michael Abboud \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-emissions/california-four-automakers-defy-trump-agree-to-tighten-emissions-rules-idUSKCN1UK1OD\">said\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/california-signs-deal-with-4-automakers-to-raise-gas-mileage/2019/07/25/c4b8a7ee-aed9-11e9-9411-a608f9d0c2d3_story.html?utm_term=.75a232e3c2de\">several\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://fortune.com/2019/07/25/automakers-trump-carbon-emissions-epa/\">times\u003c/a> on Thursday that the deal is a “PR stunt” that wouldn’t change anything or provide certainty to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says that they are continuing to work with EPA toward a federal rule, likely after Labor Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, researchers from several institutions — including University of California, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Yale — analyzed the federal plan and \u003ca href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6419/1119\">found\u003c/a> that it had “fundamental flaws and inconsistencies” and is “misleading.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is able to set its own stricter tailpipe emission standards under authority of the Clean Air Act; the federal government issued the state a waiver to do so, and over a dozen states have since followed suit. Revoking the waiver would require an act of Congress, which is unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there is a larger goal that the Trump administration has, which is they want to eliminate California’s waiver that allows it to promulgate its own environmental standards,” Borenstein said to KQED’s Michael Krasny. “They don’t like that in any area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simon Mui, a senior scientist with the Natural Resources Defense Council, called the deal a recognition of state authority. “If they believed the states didn’t have the authority in the first place, why would they be reaching an agreement?” he said. “This is really the automakers realizing that Trump is not going to solve their problems, and California trying to bring a bit more sanity to the regulatory chaos created by trying to roll back the rules.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials say they will continue to enforce state regulations and challenge the Trump Administration in the courts. And Newsom says that he expects more manufacturers to sign on to the standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact remains these companies are committed to California’s standards,” Newsom said. “Regardless of what the EPA does, I will continue to assert that California has the right to establish them, and they will manufacture to those standards.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Gov. Newsom Signs Bill to Clean Up Drinking Water for 1 Million Californians",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fight ended in Carolina Garcia’s backyard in Tombstone Territory, California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"background-color: transparent\">For years, Sacramento lawmakers fought over how to fund efforts to clean up dirty drinking water in small towns and communities like Tombstone across the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, flanked by lawmakers, advocates, and residents like Garcia, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a bill that will \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">carve out $130 million annually to pay for clean water projects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The fact that more than a million Californians can’t rely on clean water to drink or bathe in, is a moral disgrace,” said Newsom in a prepared statement. “Parents shouldn’t have to worry about their kids drinking from the water fountain at school, and families shouldn’t have to dump water over their heads to shower every day.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Garcia says her problem is that recent tests of her domestic well show high levels of contamination from nitrate, a by-product of nitrogen fertilizer commonly used by farms outside of Tombstone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Not only do I have to conserve my water and make sure [my well] does not go dry, but I also am living with the fear of being exposed to nitrates,” she said in Spanish to Newsom with the aid of a translator.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jovita Torres said that the well at her house went dry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It cost us $30,000,” she said, also in Spanish. “We are surrounded by agriculture. During the drought, they drilled deeper wells, which meant that our wells went dry, sooner. We have to dig deeper to have water, and that is our problem.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945576\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 486px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1945576\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"486\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water.png 486w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water-160x123.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right: Jovita Torres; Senator Anna Caballero; Assemblymember Richard Bloom; Gov Newson; Veronica Garibay; Senator Bill Monning; Carolina Garcia \u003ccite>(Governor Newsom's Office)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tombstone, located in Fresno County, is a small rural community with about 40 homes that are all on domestic wells, according to the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/water-and-drought/article233039957.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fresno Bee\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state estimates that more than a million California residents don’t have access to clean drinking water. Lawmakers all agreed that the problem needed to be addressed — just not where the money should come from.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“My own daughter pays $200 a month for her water bill,” said civil rights icon Dolores Huerta to Newsom at one point during the signing, which is archived on the Governor’s Facebook page\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CAgovernor/videos/1245002185670910/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">online\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“$200 a month?” Newsom said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“And she still has to buy bottled water,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“So, she’s paying for water that she can’t drink?” Newsom said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Exactly… and just like her, hundreds of thousands of people are in the same situation as she is,” Huerta said. “They have to pay the water bill, and they still have to buy water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While she spoke, Newsom looked on with his hands pressed together.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta spent her \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/120851/dolores-huerta-the-civil-rights-icon-who-showed-farmworkers-si-se-puede\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">life\u003c/a> advocating for better working conditions for farmworkers. She co-founded the United Farm Workers of America union with Cesar Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition to Huerta, Newsom was joined by state Sen. Bill Monning, D-Caramel;\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Sen. Anna Caballero, D-Salinas; Assemblyman Richard Bloom, D-Santa Monica; and Veronica Garibay, co-founder and co-director of Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, a public-interest law firm that’s advocated for cleaning up drinking water for residents in the San Joaquin Valley. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Communities throughout the San Joaquin Valley and beyond have had to deal with not having safe drinking water,” said Garibay, who translated the conversation between Newsom and the residents. “They are living with the fear of contamination, living with the fear of a well going dry, not having bottled water, not having the economic means to have bottled water in your home. The scale of the crisis is huge.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>Last January, Newsom made clear his intention to rebuild broken drinking water infrastructure with a tax on water bills, but the Legislature didn’t approve the plan, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">with some lawmakers worried that their constituents wouldn’t accept a new monthly tax given the state’s huge budget surplus. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Instead, Newsom and the Legislature decided to use revenue from California’s cap-and-trade climate program, which was created to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and some lawmakers — most notably, State Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943578/climate-funds-for-clean-water-democrats-enviro-groups-are-split\">balked\u003c/a> at that decision, arguing that it weakens the integrity of the climate program. They argued that, while important, the issue of clean drinking water has nothing to do with reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wieckowski was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944788\">only\u003c/a> state senator to vote against the plan, which passed the Senate in a 38-1 vote earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom didn’t say anything about the criticism, but his staff addressed it in a press release that was emailed to reporters. It asserted that the state will be more resilient to climate change by securing drinking water across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will use 5% of its cap-and-trade proceeds, up to $130 million annually, for clean water projects until 2030.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fight ended in Carolina Garcia’s backyard in Tombstone Territory, California.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"background-color: transparent\">For years, Sacramento lawmakers fought over how to fund efforts to clean up dirty drinking water in small towns and communities like Tombstone across the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Today, flanked by lawmakers, advocates, and residents like Garcia, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed a bill that will \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">carve out $130 million annually to pay for clean water projects.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The fact that more than a million Californians can’t rely on clean water to drink or bathe in, is a moral disgrace,” said Newsom in a prepared statement. “Parents shouldn’t have to worry about their kids drinking from the water fountain at school, and families shouldn’t have to dump water over their heads to shower every day.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Garcia says her problem is that recent tests of her domestic well show high levels of contamination from nitrate, a by-product of nitrogen fertilizer commonly used by farms outside of Tombstone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Not only do I have to conserve my water and make sure [my well] does not go dry, but I also am living with the fear of being exposed to nitrates,” she said in Spanish to Newsom with the aid of a translator.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jovita Torres said that the well at her house went dry.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It cost us $30,000,” she said, also in Spanish. “We are surrounded by agriculture. During the drought, they drilled deeper wells, which meant that our wells went dry, sooner. We have to dig deeper to have water, and that is our problem.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1945576\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 486px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1945576\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"486\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water.png 486w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/water-160x123.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 486px) 100vw, 486px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right: Jovita Torres; Senator Anna Caballero; Assemblymember Richard Bloom; Gov Newson; Veronica Garibay; Senator Bill Monning; Carolina Garcia \u003ccite>(Governor Newsom's Office)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tombstone, located in Fresno County, is a small rural community with about 40 homes that are all on domestic wells, according to the\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/water-and-drought/article233039957.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fresno Bee\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state estimates that more than a million California residents don’t have access to clean drinking water. Lawmakers all agreed that the problem needed to be addressed — just not where the money should come from.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“My own daughter pays $200 a month for her water bill,” said civil rights icon Dolores Huerta to Newsom at one point during the signing, which is archived on the Governor’s Facebook page\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CAgovernor/videos/1245002185670910/\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">online\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“$200 a month?” Newsom said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“And she still has to buy bottled water,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“So, she’s paying for water that she can’t drink?” Newsom said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Exactly… and just like her, hundreds of thousands of people are in the same situation as she is,” Huerta said. “They have to pay the water bill, and they still have to buy water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While she spoke, Newsom looked on with his hands pressed together.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huerta spent her \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/120851/dolores-huerta-the-civil-rights-icon-who-showed-farmworkers-si-se-puede\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">life\u003c/a> advocating for better working conditions for farmworkers. She co-founded the United Farm Workers of America union with Cesar Chavez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In addition to Huerta, Newsom was joined by state Sen. Bill Monning, D-Caramel;\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Sen. Anna Caballero, D-Salinas; Assemblyman Richard Bloom, D-Santa Monica; and Veronica Garibay, co-founder and co-director of Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability, a public-interest law firm that’s advocated for cleaning up drinking water for residents in the San Joaquin Valley. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Communities throughout the San Joaquin Valley and beyond have had to deal with not having safe drinking water,” said Garibay, who translated the conversation between Newsom and the residents. “They are living with the fear of contamination, living with the fear of a well going dry, not having bottled water, not having the economic means to have bottled water in your home. The scale of the crisis is huge.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>Last January, Newsom made clear his intention to rebuild broken drinking water infrastructure with a tax on water bills, but the Legislature didn’t approve the plan, \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">with some lawmakers worried that their constituents wouldn’t accept a new monthly tax given the state’s huge budget surplus. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Instead, Newsom and the Legislature decided to use revenue from California’s cap-and-trade climate program, which was created to reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and some lawmakers — most notably, State Sen. Bob Wieckowski, D-Fremont — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943578/climate-funds-for-clean-water-democrats-enviro-groups-are-split\">balked\u003c/a> at that decision, arguing that it weakens the integrity of the climate program. They argued that, while important, the issue of clean drinking water has nothing to do with reducing greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wieckowski was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944788\">only\u003c/a> state senator to vote against the plan, which passed the Senate in a 38-1 vote earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom didn’t say anything about the criticism, but his staff addressed it in a press release that was emailed to reporters. It asserted that the state will be more resilient to climate change by securing drinking water across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California will use 5% of its cap-and-trade proceeds, up to $130 million annually, for clean water projects until 2030.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Disappearing Icons: Joshua Trees Could Die Out in Park That Bears Their Name",
"headTitle": "Disappearing Icons: Joshua Trees Could Die Out in Park That Bears Their Name | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story has been updated with new research. The original post was published on August 1, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many national parks were chosen for, and even named after, the country’s iconic natural sights, like sequoia trees, everglades and glaciers. Now, as the climate warms, many of these icons are beginning to disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> on the future of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/jotr/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joshua Tree National Park\u003c/a> finds that the eponymous trees’ survival there depends on how forcefully humans act to restrict carbon pollution. The study from the Center for Conservation Biology and UC Riverside says that with little to no change in carbon emissions, by the end of the century, the trees could die off entirely within the park that bears their name. With moderate or strong interventions, the trees could survive in small remnant patches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanishing Trees\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Joshua Tree National Park in the Southern California desert, its namesake quirky trees are unmissable on the horizon, with twisted branches, shaggy bark and needle-like leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something you don’t even imagine could live on Earth and here it is,” observes Cameron Barrows, an ecologist with UC Riverside and co-author of the new study. “It’s like a Dr. Seuss book.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LISTEN:\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/07/WEBNationalParksClimateSommer160801.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884306\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884306 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua2-web2\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologist Cameron Barrows and National Park Service biologist Kristen Lalumiere in a “climate refuge” in Joshua Tree National Park. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Were we all in a Dr. Seuss book, Barrows would be the Lorax, the character who speaks for the trees. He’s been trying to predict what will happen to Joshua trees in a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest ones over there, those could be anywhere from 150 to 250 years old,” he says, pointing across the dusty valley we’re in, two hours east of Los Angeles. “Not bad for something that’s essentially a giant lily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A field crew from UC Riverside and the National Park Service has marked several large rectangular plots on the ground, mapping the location and condition of every Joshua tree, as well as every shrub and cactus. It’s part of an annual vegetation survey to document how things are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Kristen Lalumiere, National Park Service Biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To the untrained eye, the Joshua trees in this valley look big and healthy. But that worries Barrows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see babies and what we’re not seeing are individual seedlings that are coming up,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youngest trees around us are 30-to-40 years old, which means seedlings aren’t surviving. The likely culprit, Barrows says, is climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua trees already live on the edge, surviving 120-degree summer days and as little as one inch of rain per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re well adapted to what we have now,” Barrow says. “But you turn up the temperature a couple of degrees and that would be the end of most of these plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult Joshua trees can withstand punishing desert conditions by storing water in their trunks. Seedlings are much more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897894\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua_Desktop_edited\" width=\"1040\" height=\"835\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg 1040w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-400x321.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-800x642.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-768x617.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-960x771.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1040px) 100vw, 1040px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897896\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png\" alt=\"Joshua_Mobile_edited\" width=\"751\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png 751w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the rate the planet is warming, Barrows expects Joshua tree habitat in the park to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrink \u003c/a>by anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 percent\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">90 percent\u003c/a> by the end of the century, disappearing altogether if humans take little action to cut carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings shook those who love the park’s stark landscape. The bleak joke is that without Joshua trees, the park would have to change its name. Barrows says there may be a way to avoid that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Climate Refuges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half an hour away, Barrows is finding baby Joshua trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a little one sprouting there,” Barrows says, pointing to a Joshua tree that’s knee-high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This site is at a higher elevation, where it’s a bit cooler and wetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are these little niches in this landscape that should be able to sustain Joshua trees,” Barrows says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little pockets, or “climate refugia” as Barrows called them, make up a small fraction of the habitat that’s here now, but they’re still within the national park boundary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This site is actually looking pretty good,” says Kristen Lalumiere, a wildlife biologist with the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884316 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg\" alt=\"James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The park service is looking at how to manage the refuge areas to preserve the trees there. That will likely mean protecting them from wildfires. Joshua trees aren’t adapted to withstand fire and invasive grasses in the park have made it easier for fire to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, Joshua trees may be able to shift outside the park’s boundary, where some already exist. In February, President Obama established the Mojave Trails National Monument, protecting 1.6 million acres next to Joshua Tree. Two other national monuments, Sand to Snow and Castle Mountains, were also created nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They connect this landscape to other protected landscapes,” says Barrows. “We’ve created an undistributed, continuous landscape where species can shift and move. The future is much brighter for biodiversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, park officials are considering public displays, explaining to visitors that the Joshua trees they see today might one day be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evolving Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are already seeing the effects of climate change throughout the National Park system,” says Jon Jarvis, director of the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a long list of examples. Sea level rise threatens the everglades of Everglades National Park in Florida. Sequoia trees in Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park face drought stress from a shrinking Sierra snowpack. At Glacier National Park in Montana, its glaciers could all grind to a halt by 2030, according to Park Service projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it is inevitable at this point,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884322 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg\" alt=\"The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1132\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-400x236.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-768x453.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1440x849.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1180x696.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-960x566.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That creates a more complicated mission for the parks. Until now, the goal has been preserving parks and all the plants and animals in them. Now, maintaining that historic picture probably isn’t possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Managing for continuous change? That’s harder to imagine, harder to visualize,” Jarvis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting the parks to open spaces will be key, so plants and animals have places to move to as the climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service’s other job will be helping the public understand what’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are places that people care about,” says Jarvis. “And maybe it can stimulate their own actions as a result of seeing the effects of climate change in our national parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jarvis hopes that 100 years from now, visitors will still see Joshua trees in the wild, instead of only in pictures on the park’s welcome sign.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story has been updated with new research. The original post was published on August 1, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many national parks were chosen for, and even named after, the country’s iconic natural sights, like sequoia trees, everglades and glaciers. Now, as the climate warms, many of these icons are beginning to disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> on the future of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/jotr/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joshua Tree National Park\u003c/a> finds that the eponymous trees’ survival there depends on how forcefully humans act to restrict carbon pollution. The study from the Center for Conservation Biology and UC Riverside says that with little to no change in carbon emissions, by the end of the century, the trees could die off entirely within the park that bears their name. With moderate or strong interventions, the trees could survive in small remnant patches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vanishing Trees\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Joshua Tree National Park in the Southern California desert, its namesake quirky trees are unmissable on the horizon, with twisted branches, shaggy bark and needle-like leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s something you don’t even imagine could live on Earth and here it is,” observes Cameron Barrows, an ecologist with UC Riverside and co-author of the new study. “It’s like a Dr. Seuss book.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LISTEN:\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884306\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884306 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua2-web2\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua2-web2-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecologist Cameron Barrows and National Park Service biologist Kristen Lalumiere in a “climate refuge” in Joshua Tree National Park. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Were we all in a Dr. Seuss book, Barrows would be the Lorax, the character who speaks for the trees. He’s been trying to predict what will happen to Joshua trees in a warming climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest ones over there, those could be anywhere from 150 to 250 years old,” he says, pointing across the dusty valley we’re in, two hours east of Los Angeles. “Not bad for something that’s essentially a giant lily.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A field crew from UC Riverside and the National Park Service has marked several large rectangular plots on the ground, mapping the location and condition of every Joshua tree, as well as every shrub and cactus. It’s part of an annual vegetation survey to document how things are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Kristen Lalumiere, National Park Service Biologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>To the untrained eye, the Joshua trees in this valley look big and healthy. But that worries Barrows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to see babies and what we’re not seeing are individual seedlings that are coming up,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The youngest trees around us are 30-to-40 years old, which means seedlings aren’t surviving. The likely culprit, Barrows says, is climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua trees already live on the edge, surviving 120-degree summer days and as little as one inch of rain per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re well adapted to what we have now,” Barrow says. “But you turn up the temperature a couple of degrees and that would be the end of most of these plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adult Joshua trees can withstand punishing desert conditions by storing water in their trunks. Seedlings are much more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897894\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua_Desktop_edited\" width=\"1040\" height=\"835\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited.jpg 1040w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-400x321.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-800x642.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-768x617.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Desktop_edited-960x771.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1040px) 100vw, 1040px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-897896\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png\" alt=\"Joshua_Mobile_edited\" width=\"751\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited.png 751w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/Joshua_Mobile_edited-400x711.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the rate the planet is warming, Barrows expects Joshua tree habitat in the park to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrink \u003c/a>by anywhere from \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecs2.2763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 percent\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233729230_Modeling_impacts_of_climate_change_on_Joshua_trees_at_their_southern_boundary_How_scale_impacts_predictions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">90 percent\u003c/a> by the end of the century, disappearing altogether if humans take little action to cut carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings shook those who love the park’s stark landscape. The bleak joke is that without Joshua trees, the park would have to change its name. Barrows says there may be a way to avoid that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding Climate Refuges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half an hour away, Barrows is finding baby Joshua trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a little one sprouting there,” Barrows says, pointing to a Joshua tree that’s knee-high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This site is at a higher elevation, where it’s a bit cooler and wetter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are these little niches in this landscape that should be able to sustain Joshua trees,” Barrows says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The little pockets, or “climate refugia” as Barrows called them, make up a small fraction of the habitat that’s here now, but they’re still within the national park boundary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This site is actually looking pretty good,” says Kristen Lalumiere, a wildlife biologist with the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You walk to a site where there are some and your spirits lift,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884316\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884316 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg\" alt=\"James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua3-web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Heintz of UC Riverside maps out plant life for a yearly ecosystem census. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The park service is looking at how to manage the refuge areas to preserve the trees there. That will likely mean protecting them from wildfires. Joshua trees aren’t adapted to withstand fire and invasive grasses in the park have made it easier for fire to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the climate warms, Joshua trees may be able to shift outside the park’s boundary, where some already exist. In February, President Obama established the Mojave Trails National Monument, protecting 1.6 million acres next to Joshua Tree. Two other national monuments, Sand to Snow and Castle Mountains, were also created nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They connect this landscape to other protected landscapes,” says Barrows. “We’ve created an undistributed, continuous landscape where species can shift and move. The future is much brighter for biodiversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, park officials are considering public displays, explaining to visitors that the Joshua trees they see today might one day be gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Evolving Parks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are already seeing the effects of climate change throughout the National Park system,” says Jon Jarvis, director of the National Park Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a long list of examples. Sea level rise threatens the everglades of Everglades National Park in Florida. Sequoia trees in Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park face drought stress from a shrinking Sierra snowpack. At Glacier National Park in Montana, its glaciers could all grind to a halt by 2030, according to Park Service projections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it is inevitable at this point,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_884322\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-884322 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg\" alt=\"The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1132\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-400x236.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-800x472.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-768x453.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1440x849.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-1180x696.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/Joshua5-web-960x566.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The National Park Service is looking at protecting areas where Joshua trees could survive. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That creates a more complicated mission for the parks. Until now, the goal has been preserving parks and all the plants and animals in them. Now, maintaining that historic picture probably isn’t possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Managing for continuous change? That’s harder to imagine, harder to visualize,” Jarvis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting the parks to open spaces will be key, so plants and animals have places to move to as the climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service’s other job will be helping the public understand what’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are places that people care about,” says Jarvis. “And maybe it can stimulate their own actions as a result of seeing the effects of climate change in our national parks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jarvis hopes that 100 years from now, visitors will still see Joshua trees in the wild, instead of only in pictures on the park’s welcome sign.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wildfire smoke isn’t great for anybody, but a new rule California regulators vote on today recognizes that it’s particularly dangerous for workers while they’re on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board will decide whether to require employers to offer workers additional protections under specific circumstances when air quality is poor. The move comes after especially active fire seasons in 2017 and 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all of California, and it’s not just a certain time, it’s all year round,” says attorney Nicole Marquez, with the advocacy group Worksafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' citation='Nicole Marquez, Worksafe']It’s an emergency because fire season is upon us. Workers are already being exposed to some of this fine particulate matter while they’re working outside, and they don’t have this protection.[/pullquote]Small and often toxic particles of pollution in smoke — also called PM2.5 — cause chest pain and coughing, trigger asthma attacks, and boost hospital admissions during wildfires. Under the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke-Emergency-txtbrdconsider.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed rule\u003c/a>, employers who cannot reschedule shifts or move their workers away from smoke hazards must provide them with N95 filtering masks when air quality reaches “unhealthy” levels on the air quality index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that way, they can use those respirators,” Marquez says, “and not be told that you have to go to Home Depot to buy an N95 when your employer should really be providing that for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As fires still burned last December, Worksafe, the California Labor Foundation, and the California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation together petitioned the state’s Department of Industrial Regulation about the health risks of wildfire smoke on outdoor jobs such as construction, landscaping and farming. In March, the board \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/petition-573-adopteddecision.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved consideration\u003c/a> of an emergency rule. Thursday, the board will consider both whether an emergency is happening, and if so, whether a temporary rule should take effect for 180 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='science_1926793']“It’s an emergency because fire season is upon us,” Marquez says. “Workers are already being exposed to some of this fine particulate matter while they’re working outside, and they don’t have this protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmful wildfire smoke has long been common in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929784/breathing-fire-californias-central-valley-bears-the-brunt-of-harmful-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley\u003c/a> and in Southern California. But last year Northern California fires smothered San Francisco in more than a week of days deemed unhealthy on the AQI, and bad air hovered for almost two weeks in San Jose and Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quantifying the hazard of wildfire smoke is difficult for geophysical reasons: Smoke interacts with weather and wind patterns, for example, which is why the Bay Area’s inversion layers have locked pollutants in place for longer periods of time. And particles of the same size can contain different combinations and different amounts of toxicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, research is establishing stronger evidence that breathing smoke bears long-term health impacts as well as the acute ones during the fire itself. A \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018GH000144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published last year projected that premature deaths associated with wildfire smoke could double nationally by century’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade groups and the Chamber of Commerce have not objected to the rule in principle, but have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/Comments-1/Chamber-Coalition.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">critiqued\u003c/a> it as “impractically vague” and broad in scope. State workplace officials are already moving toward a permanent regulation, with a meeting \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled\u003c/a> August 27th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildfire smoke isn’t great for anybody, but a new rule California regulators vote on today recognizes that it’s particularly dangerous for workers while they’re on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board will decide whether to require employers to offer workers additional protections under specific circumstances when air quality is poor. The move comes after especially active fire seasons in 2017 and 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all of California, and it’s not just a certain time, it’s all year round,” says attorney Nicole Marquez, with the advocacy group Worksafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Small and often toxic particles of pollution in smoke — also called PM2.5 — cause chest pain and coughing, trigger asthma attacks, and boost hospital admissions during wildfires. Under the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke-Emergency-txtbrdconsider.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed rule\u003c/a>, employers who cannot reschedule shifts or move their workers away from smoke hazards must provide them with N95 filtering masks when air quality reaches “unhealthy” levels on the air quality index.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that way, they can use those respirators,” Marquez says, “and not be told that you have to go to Home Depot to buy an N95 when your employer should really be providing that for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As fires still burned last December, Worksafe, the California Labor Foundation, and the California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation together petitioned the state’s Department of Industrial Regulation about the health risks of wildfire smoke on outdoor jobs such as construction, landscaping and farming. In March, the board \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/petition-573-adopteddecision.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">approved consideration\u003c/a> of an emergency rule. Thursday, the board will consider both whether an emergency is happening, and if so, whether a temporary rule should take effect for 180 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It’s an emergency because fire season is upon us,” Marquez says. “Workers are already being exposed to some of this fine particulate matter while they’re working outside, and they don’t have this protection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harmful wildfire smoke has long been common in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929784/breathing-fire-californias-central-valley-bears-the-brunt-of-harmful-wildfire-smoke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Valley\u003c/a> and in Southern California. But last year Northern California fires smothered San Francisco in more than a week of days deemed unhealthy on the AQI, and bad air hovered for almost two weeks in San Jose and Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quantifying the hazard of wildfire smoke is difficult for geophysical reasons: Smoke interacts with weather and wind patterns, for example, which is why the Bay Area’s inversion layers have locked pollutants in place for longer periods of time. And particles of the same size can contain different combinations and different amounts of toxicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, research is establishing stronger evidence that breathing smoke bears long-term health impacts as well as the acute ones during the fire itself. A \u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2018GH000144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> published last year projected that premature deaths associated with wildfire smoke could double nationally by century’s end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade groups and the Chamber of Commerce have not objected to the rule in principle, but have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/Comments-1/Chamber-Coalition.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">critiqued\u003c/a> it as “impractically vague” and broad in scope. State workplace officials are already moving toward a permanent regulation, with a meeting \u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Protection-from-Wildfire-Smoke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scheduled\u003c/a> August 27th.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Study: Climate Change a Leading Driver of California's Wildfires",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944972/this-will-be-a-sweltering-century\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heating up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11759209' label='MAP: Do You Live In a High-Risk Fire Zone']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That heat is driving an increase in the land burned by California wildfires every year as the arid weather dries out forests along the North Coast and Sierra Nevada, according to new \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research \u003c/a>that published this week in the journal\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23284277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Earth’s Future.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer forest fires are pushing up the annual burn rates across the state, according to Park Williams, the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen a five-fold increase in areas of California that burn in any given year,” said Williams, a bioclimatologist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. “But just in the summer forest fire areas, we have seen an eight-fold increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wildfire activity has been increasing for the last 50 years, and the dominant driver of the increase is warming that is “very likely human-caused climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, scientists have said that climate change is baking California’s forests, but the wildfires are also driven by other factors, including forest management techniques and natural climate variation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disentangling all the wildfire drivers is complicated, but Williams calls climate change “decisive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the new research suggests that arid and hot conditions, in particular, were key reasons for the devastating forest fires that burned in recent years. The Tubbs fire killed 22 people and burned 36,807 acres in 2017, and last year’s Camp Fire killed 85 people and torched an incredible 153,336 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two fires are the worst on record in California. Of the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/TJ8GC2k96Qfp4jYATn8Zi3?domain=fire.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top 20\u003c/a> most destructive California wildfires, 10 have occurred since 2015. Of the top 10, seven have burned over the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we compare the records of forest fire areas in California against all the variables out there, the strongest correlation by far is the aridity of the atmosphere, and that’s driven by temperature,” said Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944996\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Area burned by California wildfires in thousands of square kilometers, 1972-2018. Specific regions studied are at upper left. \u003ccite>(Adapted from Williams et al., 2019)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meg Krawchuk, a fire ecologist at the College of Forestry at Oregon State University, said the study is a thorough assessment of relationships between area burned and climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is incredibly important for all of us living in areas vulnerable to wildfire to more thoroughly appreciate how climate, and anthropogenic climate change more specifically, is contributing to the fires we’re experiencing in recent decades,” said Krawchuk, who was not involved in the study.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon E. Keeley, a fire scientist with the US Geological Survey, said he agrees that rising temperatures are drying out forests and playing a major role in the increase in wildfire activity during the summer. “The hot air dries out fuels and makes the forests more flammable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he disagrees with another portion of the paper that emphasized the role that climate change plays in coastal and Southern California. He said the problem is that people there are starting more fires, either intentionally or with infrastructure like power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to fire, climate is important but it’s not the only show in town,” said Keeley, who did not participate in the study. “I think the real issue is population growth. We’ve added 6 million more people in the last 18 years, you can’t overlook that and address that as an important factor. The increases in fire are, in large part, due to ignition during extreme wind events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, there are many reasons that fire threatens to unleash disaster and chaos in more California communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, forest managers suppress naturally-occurring fires. Federal agencies resist \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942384/california-lagging-way-behind-southeast-in-prescribed-burns-to-curb-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">performing \u003c/a>prescribed burns in California when they’re needed, which would curb the risk of wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, as wildfire-susceptible areas expand statewide, new Californians keep \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943266/one-potential-solution-to-fires-in-the-wilderness-dont-build-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pouring into them\u003c/a>. By midcentury, home builders \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837714001409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may add\u003c/a> as many as 1.2 million new units in geographic areas most at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are major factors, but Williams reiterates that a warming climate is the most powerful lever. As the atmosphere heats up, it acts like a sponge, soaking moisture out of the state’s forests — which increases the risk of a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warmer the atmosphere gets, the more moisture it can pull out of forests. Each degree of warming does more to promote fire than the previous degree, according to Williams, who said that large fires are likely to become increasingly frequent with continued warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians can learn to survive wildfire in a warming world. It will mean big changes in how we think and live. Read some of the stories of people leading the way in communities across the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941376/we-can-make-california-wildfires-less-horrific-will-we\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "New research suggests that climate change is the key driver of a five-fold increase in the amount of land burned annually in California.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1944972/this-will-be-a-sweltering-century\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heating up\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That heat is driving an increase in the land burned by California wildfires every year as the arid weather dries out forests along the North Coast and Sierra Nevada, according to new \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EF001210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research \u003c/a>that published this week in the journal\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23284277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Earth’s Future.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer forest fires are pushing up the annual burn rates across the state, according to Park Williams, the study’s lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen a five-fold increase in areas of California that burn in any given year,” said Williams, a bioclimatologist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. “But just in the summer forest fire areas, we have seen an eight-fold increase.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California wildfire activity has been increasing for the last 50 years, and the dominant driver of the increase is warming that is “very likely human-caused climate change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, scientists have said that climate change is baking California’s forests, but the wildfires are also driven by other factors, including forest management techniques and natural climate variation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disentangling all the wildfire drivers is complicated, but Williams calls climate change “decisive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the new research suggests that arid and hot conditions, in particular, were key reasons for the devastating forest fires that burned in recent years. The Tubbs fire killed 22 people and burned 36,807 acres in 2017, and last year’s Camp Fire killed 85 people and torched an incredible 153,336 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two fires are the worst on record in California. Of the \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/TJ8GC2k96Qfp4jYATn8Zi3?domain=fire.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top 20\u003c/a> most destructive California wildfires, 10 have occurred since 2015. Of the top 10, seven have burned over the last four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we compare the records of forest fire areas in California against all the variables out there, the strongest correlation by far is the aridity of the atmosphere, and that’s driven by temperature,” said Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1944996\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1944996\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"637\" height=\"423\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423.jpg 637w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2019/07/Williams-calif-wildfire-2019-637x423-160x106.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Area burned by California wildfires in thousands of square kilometers, 1972-2018. Specific regions studied are at upper left. \u003ccite>(Adapted from Williams et al., 2019)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meg Krawchuk, a fire ecologist at the College of Forestry at Oregon State University, said the study is a thorough assessment of relationships between area burned and climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is incredibly important for all of us living in areas vulnerable to wildfire to more thoroughly appreciate how climate, and anthropogenic climate change more specifically, is contributing to the fires we’re experiencing in recent decades,” said Krawchuk, who was not involved in the study.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon E. Keeley, a fire scientist with the US Geological Survey, said he agrees that rising temperatures are drying out forests and playing a major role in the increase in wildfire activity during the summer. “The hot air dries out fuels and makes the forests more flammable,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he disagrees with another portion of the paper that emphasized the role that climate change plays in coastal and Southern California. He said the problem is that people there are starting more fires, either intentionally or with infrastructure like power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to fire, climate is important but it’s not the only show in town,” said Keeley, who did not participate in the study. “I think the real issue is population growth. We’ve added 6 million more people in the last 18 years, you can’t overlook that and address that as an important factor. The increases in fire are, in large part, due to ignition during extreme wind events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, there are many reasons that fire threatens to unleash disaster and chaos in more California communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one, forest managers suppress naturally-occurring fires. Federal agencies resist \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1942384/california-lagging-way-behind-southeast-in-prescribed-burns-to-curb-wildfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">performing \u003c/a>prescribed burns in California when they’re needed, which would curb the risk of wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, as wildfire-susceptible areas expand statewide, new Californians keep \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1943266/one-potential-solution-to-fires-in-the-wilderness-dont-build-there\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pouring into them\u003c/a>. By midcentury, home builders \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837714001409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may add\u003c/a> as many as 1.2 million new units in geographic areas most at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are major factors, but Williams reiterates that a warming climate is the most powerful lever. As the atmosphere heats up, it acts like a sponge, soaking moisture out of the state’s forests — which increases the risk of a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warmer the atmosphere gets, the more moisture it can pull out of forests. Each degree of warming does more to promote fire than the previous degree, according to Williams, who said that large fires are likely to become increasingly frequent with continued warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians can learn to survive wildfire in a warming world. It will mean big changes in how we think and live. Read some of the stories of people leading the way in communities across the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1941376/we-can-make-california-wildfires-less-horrific-will-we\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "This Will Be a Sweltering Century in California and the Nation",
"headTitle": "This Will Be a Sweltering Century in California and the Nation | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Extreme heat \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/phoenix-flights-canceled-heat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grounds\u003c/a> planes in Arizona. Last year in Australia, the government \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-44720166\">blamed\u003c/a> it for melting tires on a road. And during a particularly brutal July in 2006, heat \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/epic/impacts-biological-systems/heat-related-mortality-and-morbidity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed\u003c/a> at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2627866/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">163 Californians\u003c/a>, with state epidemiologists estimating that it contributed to hundreds more deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' size='medium' citation='Kristina Dahl, Union of Concerned Scientists']‘These results are really terrifying to me.’[/pullquote]If emissions aren’t seriously curbed — that is, even if the climate continues to warm with some abatement — researchers at the Union of Concerned Scientists say millions more people in California alone can expect at least \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a month\u003c/a> of extreme heat days each year, those days bringing with them more health risks and rippling environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even in the next few decades we’ll see \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major increases\u003c/a> in the frequency of really hot days,” says Kristina Dahl, a researcher with the Union of Concerned Scientists, who authored the study. “These results are really terrifying to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global climate models project how the planet will warm under various scenarios, anticipating a range of atmospheric conditions. The study’s authors ran climate models with two different emissions scenarios: one, where emissions begin to be curbed by mid-century; and a second, where no policies achieve significant reductions in emissions. Using daily high temperatures, the researchers calculated what’s known as heat indexes for cities and counties \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around the country\u003c/a>; the heat index is what the temperature “feels like” when humidity is taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/6OZjI/8/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along a national “sunbelt,” inland cities, including in California’s Central Valley, could count dramatic increases in days with a heat index above 105 degrees. Until recently, Fresno averaged three such days a year, but the study found by late century, Fresno could have 58 days that feel like 105 degrees, in the absence of emissions limits. Even if governments rapidly move toward arresting global warming at a threshold of 2 degrees Celsius, parts of the Central Valley could still experience more than two-and-a-half weeks of heat that severe each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where high heat is already common, as in Southern California, the study projects it will continue to grow. Los Angeles has experienced a heat index of 90 for twenty days a year, on average; even with some emissions curbed, the study projects that number will triple toward the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/37joO/12/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indio, a Sonoran Desert town in San Bernardino County, historically has racked up more than 100 high heat days a year, but it’s been rare that the heat index is so high as to be “off the charts.” Without action to curb emissions, the study’s authors say Indio can expect, on average, 37 days a year of excessive and dangerous heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Significantly, modeling suggests that the most dramatic transformations in the state are likely to come where the climate has been temperate — along the coast and in Northern California. Within a half century, the Sonoma County town of Petaluma could have 11 times as many days where the heat feels like 90 degrees. Santa Barbara County could have 27 times the number of days where that happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align='right' size='small']To Protect Yourself and Loved Ones From Heat:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Drink more water whether you’re active or not\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Go to an air-conditioned building, such as a library, movie theater, senior center, grocery store, or shopping mall.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check on elderly people twice day\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753650/bay-area-braces-for-extreme-heat-advisory-in-effect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">these tips\u003c/a> from KQED’s audience[/pullquote]\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>No one heat index or temperature definitely protects against health risks, and no one threshold triggers public response to heat. According to the National Weather Service, heat cramps, sun stroke, and heat exhaustion are possible at a heat index of 90 for some groups; in California, state labor regulations offer outdoor workers additional protections at that point. At a heat index of 105, according to federal authorities, even healthy adults are at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study may well underestimate some contributions to rising heat, especially in cities. In the built environment, concrete, asphalt and glass warm cities; so does energy consumption, including air conditioners that release heat to the atmosphere; so do greenhouse gases, like those released from cars and power plants. The resulting urban heat island isn’t accounted for in the new study, according to Dahl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That makes some of the results we have for cities conservative,” she says, “because, realistically, they’ll be experiencing even hotter temperatures earlier than we’re projecting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And the projections don’t account at all for some other climate-driven temperature shifts. In temperate northern California, nighttime lows have risen, making it harder for people’s bodies to recover when they become overheated. In 2017, during a Labor Day heat wave in San Francisco, it was still \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932692/climate-change-dishes-up-dangerous-heat-even-in-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 degrees near midnight\u003c/a>; that weekend, the city’s coroner’s office counted six deaths attributable to heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Dahl says the new study focuses solely on high heat index days, “we do know that if people don’t have the opportunity to cool down at night, their bodies just carry that potential heat stress over from one day to the next, and that can build up over time.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1932736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-520x926.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\">\u003c/a>Some Bay Area counties trigger warnings well below a heat index of 90 degrees. The city of San Francisco considers it an extreme heat day when temperatures hit 85; based on Cal-Adapt projections, by late century city officials are \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=093e26ddb26a4e3180fa1e35158858bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">planning for \u003c/a>that to happen 15 days a year. Last month, San Francisco’s departments of public health and emergency management \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-breed-announces-update-citys-air-quality-and-extreme-weather-emergency-preparedness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">updated\u003c/a> the city’s emergency plan, including directions for respite centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a heat wave last month in San Francisco, two sites in Bayview and Hunters’ Point, Mother Brown’s Kitchen and the Adult Day Senior Center, provided cooling resources to their clients. The San Francisco Foundation has funded that work with a grant to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.empowersf.org/resilientbayview/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Resilient Bayview\u003c/a> initiative, a program of the city’s Neighborhood Empowerment Network. The network also sponsors block-by-block potlucks known as Neighborfests; the idea is that through planning a party, neighbors can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933237/investigation-finds-home-can-be-the-most-dangerous-place-in-a-heat-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">develop skills\u003c/a> in community resilience and disaster response. This year, San Francisco’s Neighborfest idea is expanding in the East Bay and \u003ca href=\"https://srcity.org/2897/Neighborfest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in Santa Rosa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts say planning for diffuse and spotty heat waves in the greater Bay Area is challenging when there’s no historical practice or a response infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’ve had the impetus to take my kids to the library, thinking, ‘Well, of course the library will be cool,’ but not all of the libraries here are air-conditioned,” says UCS’s Dahl, a San Francisco resident. “So we don’t have places to escape the heat when our homes aren’t air-conditioned here in the Bay Area.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Risks related to heat, such as wildfires and air pollution, aren’t analyzed in the study. And local public officials are still taking the full measure of heat’s impacts. In San Mateo County, officials are using a CalTrans planning grant to study climate hazards, map heat islands where the tree canopy is low and more vulnerable people live, and communicate risk to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jasneet Sharma, an acting program manager for sustainability in San Mateo County, says the county is considering wider impacts. For example, sustained high temperatures threaten public transit systems by warping tracks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“An inability to cool homes would mean not just discomfort but unsafe conditions for seniors, farmworkers on the coastside and vulnerable community members,” Sharma says. “We know for certain we’re going to be impacted by rising heat. The full story goes beyond just the temperatures.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Researchers say millions more people in California alone can expect at least a month of extreme heat days every year. Find out the predictions for your area, and for other states.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Extreme heat \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/phoenix-flights-canceled-heat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grounds\u003c/a> planes in Arizona. Last year in Australia, the government \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-44720166\">blamed\u003c/a> it for melting tires on a road. And during a particularly brutal July in 2006, heat \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/epic/impacts-biological-systems/heat-related-mortality-and-morbidity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">killed\u003c/a> at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2627866/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">163 Californians\u003c/a>, with state epidemiologists estimating that it contributed to hundreds more deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘These results are really terrifying to me.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If emissions aren’t seriously curbed — that is, even if the climate continues to warm with some abatement — researchers at the Union of Concerned Scientists say millions more people in California alone can expect at least \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a month\u003c/a> of extreme heat days each year, those days bringing with them more health risks and rippling environmental impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even in the next few decades we’ll see \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major increases\u003c/a> in the frequency of really hot days,” says Kristina Dahl, a researcher with the Union of Concerned Scientists, who authored the study. “These results are really terrifying to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global climate models project how the planet will warm under various scenarios, anticipating a range of atmospheric conditions. The study’s authors ran climate models with two different emissions scenarios: one, where emissions begin to be curbed by mid-century; and a second, where no policies achieve significant reductions in emissions. Using daily high temperatures, the researchers calculated what’s known as heat indexes for cities and counties \u003ca href=\"https://ucsusa.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=e4e9082a1ec343c794d27f3e12dd006d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around the country\u003c/a>; the heat index is what the temperature “feels like” when humidity is taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/6OZjI/8/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along a national “sunbelt,” inland cities, including in California’s Central Valley, could count dramatic increases in days with a heat index above 105 degrees. Until recently, Fresno averaged three such days a year, but the study found by late century, Fresno could have 58 days that feel like 105 degrees, in the absence of emissions limits. Even if governments rapidly move toward arresting global warming at a threshold of 2 degrees Celsius, parts of the Central Valley could still experience more than two-and-a-half weeks of heat that severe each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where high heat is already common, as in Southern California, the study projects it will continue to grow. Los Angeles has experienced a heat index of 90 for twenty days a year, on average; even with some emissions curbed, the study projects that number will triple toward the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/37joO/12/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indio, a Sonoran Desert town in San Bernardino County, historically has racked up more than 100 high heat days a year, but it’s been rare that the heat index is so high as to be “off the charts.” Without action to curb emissions, the study’s authors say Indio can expect, on average, 37 days a year of excessive and dangerous heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Significantly, modeling suggests that the most dramatic transformations in the state are likely to come where the climate has been temperate — along the coast and in Northern California. Within a half century, the Sonoma County town of Petaluma could have 11 times as many days where the heat feels like 90 degrees. Santa Barbara County could have 27 times the number of days where that happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "To Protect Yourself and Loved Ones From Heat:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Drink more water whether you’re active or not\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Go to an air-conditioned building, such as a library, movie theater, senior center, grocery store, or shopping mall.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check on elderly people twice day\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>See \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11753650/bay-area-braces-for-extreme-heat-advisory-in-effect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">these tips\u003c/a> from KQED’s audience",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>No one heat index or temperature definitely protects against health risks, and no one threshold triggers public response to heat. According to the National Weather Service, heat cramps, sun stroke, and heat exhaustion are possible at a heat index of 90 for some groups; in California, state labor regulations offer outdoor workers additional protections at that point. At a heat index of 105, according to federal authorities, even healthy adults are at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study may well underestimate some contributions to rising heat, especially in cities. In the built environment, concrete, asphalt and glass warm cities; so does energy consumption, including air conditioners that release heat to the atmosphere; so do greenhouse gases, like those released from cars and power plants. The resulting urban heat island isn’t accounted for in the new study, according to Dahl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That makes some of the results we have for cities conservative,” she says, “because, realistically, they’ll be experiencing even hotter temperatures earlier than we’re projecting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And the projections don’t account at all for some other climate-driven temperature shifts. In temperate northern California, nighttime lows have risen, making it harder for people’s bodies to recover when they become overheated. In 2017, during a Labor Day heat wave in San Francisco, it was still \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932692/climate-change-dishes-up-dangerous-heat-even-in-the-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 degrees near midnight\u003c/a>; that weekend, the city’s coroner’s office counted six deaths attributable to heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Dahl says the new study focuses solely on high heat index days, “we do know that if people don’t have the opportunity to cool down at night, their bodies just carry that potential heat stress over from one day to the next, and that can build up over time.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1932736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"334\" height=\"594\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B-520x926.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/KQEDScience_Heat_181012B.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\">\u003c/a>Some Bay Area counties trigger warnings well below a heat index of 90 degrees. The city of San Francisco considers it an extreme heat day when temperatures hit 85; based on Cal-Adapt projections, by late century city officials are \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=093e26ddb26a4e3180fa1e35158858bf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">planning for \u003c/a>that to happen 15 days a year. Last month, San Francisco’s departments of public health and emergency management \u003ca href=\"https://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-breed-announces-update-citys-air-quality-and-extreme-weather-emergency-preparedness\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">updated\u003c/a> the city’s emergency plan, including directions for respite centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a heat wave last month in San Francisco, two sites in Bayview and Hunters’ Point, Mother Brown’s Kitchen and the Adult Day Senior Center, provided cooling resources to their clients. The San Francisco Foundation has funded that work with a grant to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.empowersf.org/resilientbayview/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Resilient Bayview\u003c/a> initiative, a program of the city’s Neighborhood Empowerment Network. The network also sponsors block-by-block potlucks known as Neighborfests; the idea is that through planning a party, neighbors can \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1933237/investigation-finds-home-can-be-the-most-dangerous-place-in-a-heat-wave\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">develop skills\u003c/a> in community resilience and disaster response. This year, San Francisco’s Neighborfest idea is expanding in the East Bay and \u003ca href=\"https://srcity.org/2897/Neighborfest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in Santa Rosa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts say planning for diffuse and spotty heat waves in the greater Bay Area is challenging when there’s no historical practice or a response infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’ve had the impetus to take my kids to the library, thinking, ‘Well, of course the library will be cool,’ but not all of the libraries here are air-conditioned,” says UCS’s Dahl, a San Francisco resident. “So we don’t have places to escape the heat when our homes aren’t air-conditioned here in the Bay Area.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Risks related to heat, such as wildfires and air pollution, aren’t analyzed in the study. And local public officials are still taking the full measure of heat’s impacts. In San Mateo County, officials are using a CalTrans planning grant to study climate hazards, map heat islands where the tree canopy is low and more vulnerable people live, and communicate risk to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jasneet Sharma, an acting program manager for sustainability in San Mateo County, says the county is considering wider impacts. For example, sustained high temperatures threaten public transit systems by warping tracks. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“An inability to cool homes would mean not just discomfort but unsafe conditions for seniors, farmworkers on the coastside and vulnerable community members,” Sharma says. “We know for certain we’re going to be impacted by rising heat. The full story goes beyond just the temperatures.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why This Bay Area Senator Was the Sole No Vote on Newsom's Clean Water Plan",
"headTitle": "Why This Bay Area Senator Was the Sole No Vote on Newsom’s Clean Water Plan | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bob Wieckowski stands alone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was the only state senator to vote against Gov. Gavin Newsom’s plan to clean up dirty drinking water in the California’s poorest communities, which passed the Senate in a 38-1 vote on Monday.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 200\u003c/a> — passed the Assembly last week without a single vote in opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To be clear, Wieckowski thinks clean water is an important priority. His quibble is that California will pay for it with revenue generated from the state’s cap-and-trade auction.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His argument: money in the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) is supposed to be spent on, well, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Diverting limited GGRF dollars away from cutting greenhouse gas emissions to other important causes, is not a path we should go down now or in the future,” Wieckowski said in a speech on the Senate floor.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Members, we are falling farther behind in our commitment to meeting the Paris Accord,” he said. “We should not be creating a false dichotomy that is a by-product of this deal – pitting clean air against clean water. We know all Californians can, and must, have both.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bill includes $100 million from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund and another $33 million from the general fund to be spent on rebuilding broken drinking water infrastructure in unincorporated communities and small towns across the state. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And it’s not a one-time money diversion. The bill also seeks to use 5% of California’s cap-and-trade proceeds, up to $130 million annually, for clean water projects until 2030. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earlier this year, the governor proposed a tax on all Californians’ water bills that would fund programs to clean up the dirty water, and in January, Newsom and his cabinet visited Monterey Park Tract in Ceres, a Central Valley city with contaminated wells, to highlight the issue.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/agsecross/status/1083853934081372160\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Legislature didn’t approve the plan, as some lawmakers worried that their constituents would object to a new monthly tax at a time when the state is enjoying a budget surplus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill hasn’t reached Newsom’s desk yet, but he will have 12 days to sign it, when it does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A state lawmaker is the lone dissenting vote against a plan to use climate change money to pay for cleaning up contaminated water. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bob Wieckowski stands alone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He was the only state senator to vote against Gov. Gavin Newsom’s plan to clean up dirty drinking water in the California’s poorest communities, which passed the Senate in a 38-1 vote on Monday.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 200\u003c/a> — passed the Assembly last week without a single vote in opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To be clear, Wieckowski thinks clean water is an important priority. His quibble is that California will pay for it with revenue generated from the state’s cap-and-trade auction.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His argument: money in the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund (GGRF) is supposed to be spent on, well, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Diverting limited GGRF dollars away from cutting greenhouse gas emissions to other important causes, is not a path we should go down now or in the future,” Wieckowski said in a speech on the Senate floor.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">“Members, we are falling farther behind in our commitment to meeting the Paris Accord,” he said. “We should not be creating a false dichotomy that is a by-product of this deal – pitting clean air against clean water. We know all Californians can, and must, have both.” \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The bill includes $100 million from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund and another $33 million from the general fund to be spent on rebuilding broken drinking water infrastructure in unincorporated communities and small towns across the state. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And it’s not a one-time money diversion. The bill also seeks to use 5% of California’s cap-and-trade proceeds, up to $130 million annually, for clean water projects until 2030. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earlier this year, the governor proposed a tax on all Californians’ water bills that would fund programs to clean up the dirty water, and in January, Newsom and his cabinet visited Monterey Park Tract in Ceres, a Central Valley city with contaminated wells, to highlight the issue.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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